BasicknowledgeofNonDestructiveTesting(NDT)andDestructiveTesting(DT)

1.WhatisNonDestructiveTesting(NDT)?
NDTisthetestingofmaterialstodetectinternalandsurfacedefectsordiscontinuitiesusingmethods
whichdonotdamageordestroythematerialundertest

2.

WhatisthedifferentbetweenDefectsordiscontinuities?
Discontinuities:
Anyimperfectionorinterruptioninthenormalphysicalstructureorconfigurationofa
product(cracks,laps,inclusion,etc).Discontinuity
may
or
maynot
affecttheusefulnessoftheproduct

Defect
:Adiscontinuitywhosesize,shape,orientation,locationorpropertiesmakesitdetrimentaltothe
usefulserviceoftheproductinwhichitoccursorexceedstheaccept/rejectcriteriaforthegivendesign.
Defectisatypeofdiscontinuity.

3.

Whatarethemajor5NDTmethods?

Themajor5NDTMethodsare:
a.

UltrasonicTesting
b.

RadiographyTesting

c.

MagneticParticleTesting
d.

DyePenetrantTesting
e.

EddyCurrentTesting

4.

Fordetectionof
surface
welddefectsordiscontinuitieswhataretheNDTmethodscommonlyused?

TheNDTmethodsarecommonlyusedtodetectthedefect/discontinuitiesonsurfaceweld:
a.

VisualTesting(VT)
b.

PenetrantTesting(PT)
c.

MagneticParticleTesting(MT)
d.

EddyCurrentTesting(ET)

5.

Fordetectionof
internal
welddefectsordiscontinuities,materialwhataretheNDTmethods
commonlyused?

TheNDTmethodstodetectinternalwelddefect/discontinuities:
a.

RadiographicTesting(RT)
b.

UltrasonicTesting(UT)


6.

WhatarethefactorsaffectingthechoiceofNDTmethod

Dependsonmanyfactorsandconditions
a.

Cost
b.

Typeofdefectsought
c.

Typeofmaterialtobetested
d.

Positionandlocationofdefect
e.

Availabilityofequipment
f.

Availabilityofqualifiedoperators
g.

Workingconditionsandlocation
h.

Sensitivityrequired
i.

others

7.

WhatisDestructiveTesting(DT)?
DestructiveTestingisthetestingofmaterialstodetectinternalandsurfacedefectsordiscontinuitiesby
methodswhichdamagingordestroyingthematerialundertest

8.

WhataretheDT(DestructiveTesting)methodswidelyapplied?

TheDTmethodswidelyusedareasfollows:
a.

TensileTest
b.

BendTest
c.

CharpyTest
d.

VickerTest
e.

FractureTest
f.

FatigueTest
g.

CreepTest
h.

Replica

EddyCurrentTestingLevelI(20Questions)
Q.1Generationofeddycurrentsdependsontheprincipleof:
A.waveguidetheory.
B.electromagneticinduction.
C.magnetorestrictiveforces.
D.alloftheabove.

Q.2Asecondaryfieldisgeneratedbythetestobjectandis:
A.equalandoppositetotheprimaryfield.
B.oppositetotheprimaryfield,butmuchsmaller.
C.inthesameplaneasthecoiliswound.
D.inphasewiththeprimaryfield.

Q.3Whenanonferromagneticpartisplacedinthetestcoil,thecoil'svoltage:
A.increases.
B.remainsconstantbecausethisisessential.
C.decreases.
D.shifts90degreesinphase.

Q.4Eddycurrentsgeneratedinatestobjectflow:
A.inthesameplaneasmagneticflux.

B.inthesameplaneasthecoiliswound.
C.90degreestothecoilwindingplane.
D.Eddycurrentshavenopredictabledirection.

Q.5Thediscoveryofelectromagneticinductioniscreditedto:
A.Arago.
B.Oersted.
C.Maxwell.
D.Faraday.

Q.6Astandarddepthofpenetrationisdefinedasthepointinatestobjectwheretherelativeeddy
currentdensityisreducedto:
A.25percent.
B.37percent.
C.50percent.
D.100percent.

7
Q.7Calculatethestandarddepthofpenetrationat10kHzincopper=5.710
mhospermeter.

A.0.1mm
B.0.02mm
C.0.66

mm
D.66mm

Q.8Differentialcoilsareusuallyusedin:
A.bobbincoils.
B.probecoils.
C.ODcoils.
D.anyoftheabove.

Q.9Whenusingaprobecoiltoscanatestobject,______
A.theobjectmustbedryandpolished.
B.theobjectmustbescannedcarefullytoinsureinspectioncoverage.
C.theobjectmustbescannedincircularmotionsatconstantspeeds.
D.theprobemustbemovingatalltimestogetareading.

Q.10A"spinningprobe"wouldmostlikelybea(an):
A.bobbincoil.

B.IDcoil.
C.ODcoil.
D.probecoil.

Q.11A"feedthrough"coilis:
A.acoilwithprimary/secondarywindingsconnectedsothatthesignalisfedthroughtheprimarytothe
secondary.
B.anencirclingcoil.
C.anODcoil.
D.bothBandC.

Q.12

Wheninspectingatubularproductwithanencirclingcoil,whichstatementisnottrue?
A.ODdiscontinuitiescanbefound.
B.Axialdiscontinuitylocationscanbenoted.
C.Circumferentialdiscontinuitylocationscanbenoted.
D.IDdiscontinuitiescanbefound.

Q.13

Anabsolutecoilmeasurementismade
A.bycomparingonespotonthetestobjecttoanother.
B.withoutreferencetoordirectcomparisonwithastandard.

C.onlywithprobecoils.
D.bycomparativemeasurementtoaknownstandard.

Q.14

Whencoilsinadifferentialarrangementareaffectedsimultaneouslywiththesametestobject
variables,theoutputsignal
A.isdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofvariables.
B.is"0"ornear"0."
C.isindirectlyproportionaltothenumberofvariables.
D.isprimarilyafunctionoftheexcitingcurrent.

Q.15Whichcoiltypeinherentlyhasbetterthermalstability?
A.Bobbin
B.Absolute
C.OD
D.Differential

Q.16Ahybridcoiliscomposedoftwoormorecoils.Thecoils
A.mustbealignedcoplanartothedriveraxis.
B.maybeofwidelydifferentdimensions.
C.mustbeimpedancematchedascloselyaspossible.

D.areverytemperaturesensitive.

Q.17Properselectionoftestcoilarrangementisdeterminedby:
A.shapeoftestobject.
B.resolutionrequired.
C.sensitivityrequired.
D.alloftheabove.

Q.18Acoil'sresistanceisdeterminedby:
A.wirematerial.
B.wirelength.
C.wirecrosssectionalarea.
D.alloftheabove.

Q.19Inductanceisanalogousto:
A.force.
B.volume.
C.inertia.
D.velocity.


Q.20Theunitofinductanceisthe:
A.henry.
B.maxwell.
C.ohm.
D.farad.

ANSWER

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.B

5.D

6.B

7.C

8.D

9.B

10.D

11.D

12.C

13.B

14.B

15.D

16.B

17.D

18.D

19.C

20.A

LiquidPenetrantTestingMethod(40Questions)

1.Whichoneofthefollowingconditionswillaffecttherateandtheextentaliquidpenetrantwillenter
cracks,fissures,andothersmallopenings?
a.thehardnessofthespecimenbeingtested
b.thesurfaceconditionofthespecimenbeingtested
c.thecolorofthepenetrant
d.theconductivityofthespecimenbeingtested

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommonlyusedclassificationforpenetrant?
a.postemulsifiablepenetrant
b.nonferrouspenetrant
c.chemicaletchpenetrant
d.nonaqueouspenetrant

3.Agenerallyacceptedmethodforremovingexcessnonwaterwashablepenetrantis:
a.repeatedlydippingthetestspecimeninacleaner

b.soakingthetestspecimeninhotdetergentwater
c.blowingtheexcesspenetrantoffthesurfaceofthepartwithcompressedair
d.wipingandcautiouslycleaningthetestspecimenwithacleanerdampenedcloth

4.Allofthefollowingpartscanbetestedbytheliquidpenetrantmethodexcept:
a.anironcasting
b.analuminumforging
c.apartmadefromaporousplasticmaterial
d.apartmadefromanonporousmaterial

5.Whichofthefollowingdiscontinuitiescanbefoundbythepenetranttestmethod?
a.asurfacecrack
b.asubsurfacecrack
c.aninternalinclusion
d.noneoftheabove

6. Which of the following is generally the more acceptablemethodforcleaningpartsprior topenetrant

testing?
a.sandblasting

b.wirebrushing
c.grinding
d.vapordegreasing

7.Allofthefollowingmethodsarecommonlyusedtocleanpartspriortopenetranttestingexcept:
a.vapordegreasing
b.liquidsolvent
c.powerwirebrushing
d.alkalinecleaner

8.Cuttingoilsmaybeeffectivelyremovedfrompartsbeforepenetranttestingby:
a.preheating
b.vapordegreasing
c.washingwithwater
d.alloftheabove

9.Themostcommontypeofcontaminantinfluorescentpenetrantfluidis:
a.metalfilings
b.oil

c.detergents(fromcleaning)
d.water

10. Black light, with a proper functioning filter in place, used for fluorescent penetrant inspection can
causepermanentdamageto:
a.humantissues
b.humaneyes
c.humanbloodcells
d.noneoftheabove

11.Allofthefollowingbasicinspectionprinciplesapplytothepenetrantmethodsexcept

a.thepenetrantmustenterthediscontinuityinordertoformanindication
b.indicationsglowwhenilluminatedwithablacklight
c.alongerpenetrationtimeisrequiredforsmallerdiscontinuities
d.ifthepenetrantiswashedoutofthediscontinuity,anindicationwillnotbeformedbythatdiscontinuity

12.Subsurfacediscontinuitiescanbebestdetectedby:
a.thepostemulsificationpenetrantmethod
b.thevisibledyepenetrantmethod

c.thefluorescent,waterwashablepenetrantmethod
d.noneoftheabove

13.Visiblepenetrantmaybeappliedby:
a.brushing
b.spraying
c.dipping
d.noneoftheabove

14.Thefirststepinconductingaliquidpenetranttestonasurfacethathasbeenpaintedisto:
a.carefullyapplythepenetrantoverthesurface
b.completelyremovethepaint
c.thoroughlywashthesurfacewithadetergent
d.wirebrushthesurfacetoroughenthesmoothsurfacecoatingofpaint

15.Whenusingapostemulsificationpenetrant,itisnecessarytoapplytheemulsifier:
a.beforeapplyingthepenetrant
b.afterthewaterwashoperation
c.afterthedwelltimehaselapsed

d.afterthedevelonmenttimehaselapsed

16.Whenconductingawaterwashableliquidpenetranttest,thewetdeveloperisapplied:
a.immediatelyafterthepenetranthasbeenapplied
b.immediatelybeforethepenetrantisapplied
c.afterremovalofthepenetrant
d.afterremovaloftheemulsifier

17. The term used to describe the action of a particular developer in soaking up the penetrant in a
discontinuity, so as to cause the maximum bleedout of the liquid penetrant for increased contrast and
sensitivity,isknownas:
a.blotting
b.capillaryaction
c.concentration
d.attraction

18. Using a black light lamp with a cracked filter or without the filter in place can cause damage to
humaneyesbecausethelampemits:
a.blacklight
b.ultravioletlight

c.infraredlight
d.noneoftheabove

19.Thetermusedtodefinetheperiodoftimeinwhichthetestpartiscoveredwithpenetrantis:
a.waitingtime
b.soaktime(draintime)
c.penetrationtime(dwelltime)
d.bleedintime

20. Usually, the most desirable method of removing excess waterwashable penetrant after the dwell
timeisbyusing:
a.alowpressurecoarsewaterspray
b.waterandbrush
c.asolidstreamofwater
d.waterandcleanrags

21. When conducting aliquidpenetranttestusingapostemulsifiablevisibledyepenetrant,thegenerally

acceptedmethodforapplyingthewetdeveloperisby:
a.brushing
b.swabbing

c.dipping
d.spraying

22.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsdoesnotapplytoliquidpenetranttesting?
a.thismethodcanaccuratelymeasurethedepthofacrackordiscontinuity
b.thismethodcanbeusedforonsitetestingoflargeparts
c.thismethodcanbeusedtofindshallowsurfacediscontinuities
d.thismethodcanbemademoreorlesssensitivebyusingdifferentpenetrantmaterials

23.Whichofthefollowingdiscontinuitiesismostlikelytobemissedduetoimproperrinsetechniques?
a.aforginglap
b.deeppitting
c.shallowandbroaddiscontinuities
d.therinsetechniquewillnotaffectthedetectionofdiscontinuities

24. When conducting a fluorescent penetrant test, a commonly used technique for assuring that the
excesspenetranthasbeenremovedpriortotheapplicationofadeveloperisto:
a.blowcompressedairoverthesurface
b.chemicallyetchthesurface

c.blotthesurfacewithabsorbentpaper
d.scanthesurfacewithablacklight

25.Whichofthefollowingsurfaceconditionscouldhaveadetrimentaleffectonaliquidpenetranttest?
a.awetsurface
b.aroughweld
c.anoilysurface
d.alloftheabove

26.Liquidpenetranttestingiscapableofdetecting:
a.intergranularstresscorrosioncrackingdiscontinuities
b.discontinuitiesopentothesurface
c.subsurfacediscontinuities
d.alloftheabove

27.Blacklightequipmentisrequiredwhenpenetranttestingby:
a.the.fluorescentpenetrantmethod
b.thevisibledyepenetrantmethod
c.thenonfluorescentpenetrantmethod

d.alloftheabove

28. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small openings such as
cracksorfissuresis:
a.saturation
b.capillaryaction
c.blotting
d.wettingagent

29. Excess penetrant (all penetrant except that which is in discontinuities) is removed from the
specimen:
a.aftertherequiredpenetrantdwelltimehaselapsed
b.beforetheapplicationofanemulsifierifapostemulsifierpenetrantisused
c.bymeansofasteamcleaner
d.onlywhenwaterwashablepenetrantsareused

30.Whenusingapostemulsifiablepenetrant,theemulsifiertimeshouldbe:
a.aslongasthepenetrantdwelltime
b.halfthepenetrantdwelltime
c.thesameasthedevelopertime

d.onlyaslongasnecessarytoremovetheinterferingbackground

31. Whenaninspectorisworkinginadarkenedarea,he/sheshouldbecomeadjustedtothedarkbefore
inspectingparts.Thegenerallyacceptedtimeperiodforbecomingaccustomedtothedarkis:
a.1minute
b.5to0minutes
c.10to15minutes
d.nowaitingperiodisnecessary

32.Whenapplyingpenetrantbydipping,heatingthepenetrantpriortodipping:
a.willincreasethesensitivityofthetest
b.willincreasethecapillaryactionofthepenetrant
c.willincreasethestabilityofthepenetrant
d.isnotgenerallyrecommended

33.Apenetrantinspectioncannotfind:
a.surfaceporosity
b.surfacecracks
c.aninternalcavity

d.asurfaceforginglap

34.Allofthefollowingmaterialscanbetestedbytheusualliquidpenetranttestsexcept:
a.unglazedporouscerai
b.titanium
c.highalloysteel
d.castiron

35.Liquidpenetranttestingcanbeusedtodetect:
a.discontinuities1.6mm(0.06in.)belowthesurface
b.internaldiscontinuities
c.discontinuitiesopentothesurface
d.alldiscontinuities

36.Whichofthefollowingarecommonlyacceptedmethodsforapplyingpenetrant?
a.dippingthepartinpenetrant(dipping)
b.pouringthepenetrantoverthetestspecimen(flowing)
c.sprayingthepenetrantonthetestspecimen(spraying)
d.alloftheabove


37. A solvent used to clean the surface of a test specimen must possess all of the following
characteristicsexceptthatthe:
a.cleanermustbecapableofdissolvingoilsandgreasescommonlyfoundonthesurface

b.cleanermustnotbeflammable
c.cleanermustbefreeofcontaminants
d.cleanermustleaveaminimalresidueonthesurface

38. Which of the statements belowbeststatesthedangerofsandblasting(withoutsubsequentchemical

etching)forcleaningsurfacestobepenetranttested?
a.thediscontinuitiesmaybepeenedoverandclosed
b.oilcontaminantsmightbesealedinthediscontinuities
c.thesandusedinthesandblastingoperationmaybeforcedintothediscontinuity
d.thesandblastingoperationmayintroducediscontinuities

39.Thepenetrantappliedtothesurfaceofatestspecimen:
a.seepsintodiscontinuities
b.isabsorbedbydiscontinuities
c.isdrawnintodiscontinuitiesbycapillaryaction
d.isdrawnintodiscontinuitiesbygravity


40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningliquidpenetranttestingiscorrect?
a.fluorescentpenetrantswillproduceredagainstwhitediscontinuityindications
b.nonfluorescentpenetrantsrequiretheuseofblacklights
c.fluorescentindicationswillbeseenwhenexposedtoblacklight
d.nonfluorescentdiscontinuitiesglowinthedarkforeasyviewingandinterpretation

ANSWER

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.C

5.A

6.D

7.C

8.B

9.D

10.D

11.B

12.D

13.D

14.B

15.C

16.C

17.A

18.B

19.C

20.A

21.D

22.A

23.C

24.D

25.D

26.B

27.A

28.B

29.A

30.D

31.B

32.D

33.C

34.A

35.C

36.D

37.B

38.A

39.C

40.C