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1: - And
Russian's most used word is '' (and). '' is preceded by comma when it is used as a
conjuction to join phrases with different subjects. Here are some examples of it in use.
Coffee with milk and sugar.
The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square.
2: () - In, into, to
'' means 'in' when followed by the prepositional case. Refer to lesson 8 for more
information). '' is pronounced as though it is part of the following word. Sometimes this is
difficult to say so '' is used instead. '' usually proceeds words that start with '' or a group
consonants that are difficult to pronounce.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
I live in Moscow.
I work at (in) a school.
Yesterday we were at the theatre.
We gathered many mushrooms in the forest.
He arrived in London this morning.
In town it was very hot, we decided to go to
the country.
The day before yesterday we were in the
park.
When followed by the accusative case it means 'to' or 'into'. This is common following verbs
of motion because there is a sense of direction.
.
.
.
.
.
, .
,
.
Is used with expressions of time such as 'on Monday'. (Note: '' is used when the days are
plural 'on Mondays')
.
.
.
.
On Monday.
On Tuesday I read the newspaper.
On Friday I am playing tennis.
At noon we had dinner and rested.
In December we drink Vodka
Last year we bought an apartment
3: - Not
The word is used for negation. It usually precedes the verb it negates.
?
.
.
I don't know
Nadya doesn't like wine.
Don't you like her?
I told you not to do that.
I didnt feel sorry for her.
, .
.
I see nothing.
Nobody knows.
I am not going anywhere.
4: - On, at, to
'' means 'on' or 'at' when followed by the prepositional case. (Refer to lesson 8 for more
information)
Nadya is at work
.
Yesterday we were at the concert.
On the table is a book and a pencil.
My father works at a plant and my mother
.
works at a library.
, We swam in the river, and grandmother was
.
sitting on the grass at the river.
She spends the whole day in the country and
.
returns to town at sunset.
, When we were in the south, we went to the
.
sea every day.
At this week we meet our friends at the
.
airport.
When '' is followed by the accusative case it means 'to' or 'onto'.
.
Nadya is going to work.
.
The windows look to the south.
.
In summer they always go to the south.
Last month my aunt didn't go to work.
.
She gets up at seven o'clock and goes to the
.
railway station.
'' is used in expressions of time that relate to weeks.
...
This week...
...
.
Next week...
Last week I was at work
5: - I
is the personal pronoun for the first person.
-
I speak Russian
I understand
,
Reading the letter, I couldnt believe my eyes.
.
, .
I'd like a coffee, please.
,
In summer my mother goes to work but I do
.
not go to school.
Last week I went to the Russian Museum.
.
. I haven't heard this song since last winter.
I spent the whole day in the country and
.
returned to town at sunset.
I am sitting on a bench in the park and feeding
.
the birds.
6: - He, it.
is the personal pronoun for the third person (masculine).
-
?
, .
.
, .
.
, .
? .
. .
He speaks Russian
He is a student
Where is he going?
He is going home
Listening to the music, he forgot the
time.
He visited his sister on the occasion of
her birthday.
He had worked for an hour when it got
too dark.
He has always been a violent man.
He looked older than he was.
Where's my Phone? It was on my desk
a minute ago.
Parents gave me a bike for my birthday.
It is very modern and beautiful.
7: - What, that
The word "" is a question pronoun that means "what"". It can be phrased simply as a
question "What?". The pronoun takes the following forms.
English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case
What
For example
?
, ?
?
?
Like in English "" can also be a relative pronoun (similar to a conjunction) . It can mean
'what'. It is preceded by a comma.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
, .
"" is also used for the conjunction "that". In Russian "" can not be omitted.
, .
,
, ,
.
, .
8: () - With, from
"" has different meanings depending on the following case. It is usually pronounced as
though it is part of the following word. When "" it is followed by two or more consonants,
"" is normally used.
"" means "with" or "accompanied by" when it is followed by the instrumental case (see
Lesson 14).
.
.
Merry Christmas
Happy birthday
Happy new year
.
.
days.
This is a bed-spread for a single bed.
12: (, , ) - All
"" is the Russian word for "all", or "the whole". It takes a number of different forms
depending on it's place in the sentence.
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case
Masc.
, .
.
,
.
. .
?
.
Fem.
Neut.
Plural
All day.
Everything was very clean
The whole apartment consisted of two
rooms.
We are all from Lipetsk
All animals have to eat in order to live.
All my friends agree.
All I need is a roof over my head and a
decent meal.
Theres no cake left. Theyve eaten it all.
Have you spent all your money?
All the family gathered around the table.
13: - They
is the personal pronoun for the third person plural.
They work
They meet in the cafe
They wish the new family happy life
.
together.
Did they take French lessons last year?
?
They are going to live in an enormous
.
house.
.
They married last week.
.
They dug their potatoes last week.
.
They chose the largest carpet.
14: - She
is the personal pronoun for the third person (feminine).
-
.
.
,
.
.
.
?
In Russian '' is also used to make comparisons (similies). In this case it translates to 'as' or
'like'...
,
As white as snow
He speaks Russian like a native
Russian
, .
I can't run as fast as you.
, .
It's not as good as it used to be.
, .
I invested the money as you suggested.
, .
It was a small animal like a rat.
,
No one could play football like him.
- I went and bought myself a new pen
.
just like yours.
" " is a conjuction meaning 'since'. It is commonly used at the start of a sentence
,
.
16: - We
is the personal pronoun for the first person plural.
-
We understand
We don't speak Russian
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
17: () - Towards, to
translates to 'towards'. It is followed by the dative case. '' is used when two or more
consonants follow.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
I have a sister
Do you have vodka?
I dont have brothers or sisters.
They have a dacha (summer house) near Moscow.
When the preposition "" is not used in the above construction it means "by" or "near".
Again, it is used with the genitive case.
.
.
.
? ,
.
.
.
.
19: - You
"" is the Russian pronoun for the second person plural. It is used when addressing a group
of people. There is no English equivalent so English speakers may be tempted to use "yous",
or "you all" in colloquial speech.
"" is also used for the first person singular when you wish to address someone formally.
"" is usually reserved for friends and children. It is common to write with a capital
letter when writing to someone as it is more formal.
-?
.
...
,
.
, ?
?
,
.
?
, ,
.
20: (, , ) - This
"" is a demonstrative pronoun meaning "this". It declines based on case and gender. In
some forms it has the same spelling as word 9 "" which means "this is".
English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Masc.
This
Fem.
Neut.
Plural
Prepositional Case
, .
,
.
.
.
?
?
.
.
- ?
"" is used with the accusative case when following verbs of motion because it has a sense of
direction. In this case it still means "behind"
"" can also mean "for". It is used with the accusative to express thanks or the reason for a
payment. In this meaning it has a sense of "in exchange for". " +(accusative)" can also
mean "for" in the sense of "in support of" (opposite of "against").
.
.
.
900.
15
.
.
"" followed by the instrumental can mean "for" in the sense of "to get".
.
22: (, , ) - That
"" is the Russian demonstrative pronoun meaning "that". It is very similar to "" (this).
English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case
Masc.
That
Fem.
Neut.
Plural
23: - But
"" is the Russian conjunction meaning "but". It is used when two parts of a sentence
contradict one another. Remember that "" (word 11) is used when the clauses contrast one
another but don't contradict.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
, .
,
.
Do you understand?
Do you like oranges?
Are you still single?
I came to ask how you are.
You have disappointed me.
Do you see a little girl with a big ball in
her hands?
If you want your bread to be fresh, keep
it only in the refrigerator.
.
.
.
"" is normally used in expressions of place. '' (from) is the opposite of '' (to). '' is
normally used in expressions of place. For example... "from America", "from school". (Refer
to '' and '' to translate 'from' in relation to time, distance and person.
What time does the flight from Amsterdam
arrive?
.
He took a handkerchief from his pocket.
She took her hairbrush from her handbag and
.
began to brush her hair.
?
27: (, ) - About
"" means "about" or "concerning" when it is used with the prepositional case. ", " and
are used for readability when a word starting with a vowel or multiple consonants follows.
,
.
, .
.
,
.
- ,
?
- ?
,
.
"" is the Russian reflexive possessive pronoun. It is used when the owner of something
is also the subject. (Its use is required in the 3rd person, and optional in the 1st and 2nd.
Although it is almost always used if the subject is ). More information about reflexives can
be found in the Reflexive Verbs grammar lesson.
English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case
Masc.
Fem.
My own, his own, her own
.
,
.
-,
.
,
.
?
.
.
Neut.
Plural
29: - So
"" translates to 'so' and it's use in Russian is quite similar to English.
I'm so tired that I could sleep in this
chair!
, .
Im so glad you could come.
She so loved watching the children
, .
play.
, He was born in France, so he also has a
.
French passport.
,
Yesterday I went to visit friends, it was
.
so funny.
.
You should not do so.
, !
" " is a conjuction meaning 'since'. It is commonly used at the start of a sentence.
, Since Anna wanted to go to the cinema,
.
they went.
30: (, ) - One
"" is the number 1.
, .
.
.
?
.
,
.
- -
.
told me.
can also mean "who" (or "whom" in formal English), usually in the sense of "the
person who..."
,
33: - Our
"" is the Russian possessive pronoun for the plural 1st person. It means "our".
English
Nominative Case
Accusative Case
(animate)
Genitive Case
Dative Case
Instrumental Case
Prepositional Case
Masc.
Our
Fem.
Neut.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Plural
34: - Only
"" is Russian for 'only'.
.
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
.
.
"" translates to the adverb 'still' or 'yet' depending on it's position in the sentence.
.
.
?
?
.
.
.
36: - From
"" is one of the Russian words that translates to 'from' (refer also '' and ''). "" is
usually used with the genitive case. "" (+genitive) is used when receiving something from
someone, 'from a person'.
.
.
.
Other expressions that still mean 'from a person' or 'from a persons place' also use "".
.
Expressions of distance commonly use "". Note that construction " ... " is used to
express distance from one place to another.
950 .
.
37: - Such
"" means 'such' and it's use is quite similar to English. However it worth noting that the
negative ' ' can mean 'different'.
?
.
, ?
, .
, , .
, ,
, .
39: - Speak
"" means 'to speak'. It's perfective form is which is listed as word 40. (View
Conjugations)
.
.
.
?
, .
-?
?
40: - Say
"" means 'to say'. It is the perfective form of "". (View Conjugations)
, .
41: - For
"" translates to 'for' in the sense of "for the benefit of". It is followed by the genitive case.
(Note: dependant on meaning, 'for' can also be translated using '' or simply only the dative
case).
.
, ?
.
,
.
.
.
42: - Already
is the Russian adverb 'already'.
?
24,
.
,
.
43: - Know
means 'to know'. There is no perfective form of this verb. (View Conjugations)
, .
,
.
?
, .
, .
,
.
44: - Yes
Usually one of the first words people learn in Russian. "" simply means 'yes'.
.
, ? , .
? , .
? , .
.
? , .
46: - When
means 'when' it can be used as a question word.
c ?
?
?
?
.
?
?
?
Like English you will also find this word in the middle of a sentence.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
, .
48: - First
The adjective "" means 'first'.
.
.
-.
.
.
.
The conjunction "" means 'in order to' or 'so that'. Sometime in English it is possible to
contract 'in order to' to 'to. In this case the meaning is the same and "" should still be
used.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
It is also possible that "" can be the conjunction 'to'. It is commonly used to indicate
what someone wants someone else to do.
, .
50: - His
"" is the possessive pronoun for the masculine third person. It means 'his'. It is pronounced
"yevo".
.
?
.
, ,
.
.
51: - Year
"" means 'year'. The plural is irregular. The plural is based on the last digit of the number.
1:
2-4:
5-0:
?
.
.
.
.
!
52: - Who
?
?
,
.
, Bramwell ,
.
?
, .
54: - No
"" is Russian for 'no'
.
.
.
? ,
. .
,
.
, .
55: - Her
"" is the possessive pronoun for the feminine third person. It means 'her'.
.
.
.
.
.
.
56: - Very
"" is Russian for 'very'
.
58: - New
"" is Russian for 'New'
.
We became friends.
They will become teachers.
He became a teacher at eighteen years of age.
Dimitri will become a business man.
It became stuffy.
The night became cold.
"" can also mean 'begin'. Much like the verb "". In many cases the are ""
and "" interchangeable. However there are some differences. "" is only used in
the perfective, so it is not used in the present tense. Using "" may infer that the action is
an ongoing one and will likely continue without change. "" on the other hand may
infer the action will develop into something. Here are some examples of using both words
"" and "".
c .
She began to read a book.
, The meeting began promisingly, but then
.
things started to go wrong.
It all began on one stormy night in May 1998.
1998 .
?
What time does the concert begin?
60: - Work
"" is Russian for 'work'. It is a noun. The verb "" (to work) is word 83.
.
.
.
.
?
work.
61: - Now
"" is Russian for 'now'.
,
.
, !
,
.
? - .
?
?
62: - Time
"" is Russian for 'time'.
How much time do you usually spend on
?
this kind of work?
. I didnt have time to ask all my questions.
,
I couldnt do it last week, I had no time.
.
,
I had very little time, and I had to take a
.
taxi.
Ive got a little free time today.
.
,
A lot of people are listening to the music
.
and they are really having a good time.
He reads all the time and does not like to
.
watch TV.
63: - Person
"" is Russian for 'person'. The plural is "" (people) (word 76).
$ 70
.
just as my teacher.
It is also worth noting that the phrase " " means 'young man' and is
commonly used to address men
65: - If
"" is Russian for 'if'.
There are plenty of taxis here if youre in a
hurry.
, If you really want to know, Im tired of
.
this stupid job.
100 C,
If water is heated to 100C it turns to
.
steam.
If I don't get enough sleep I get a
, .
headache.
, Are you planning to return to work, and if
, ?
so, who is going to look after the baby?
,
We are ready to fight for our rights if
.
necessary.
, .
66: () - Two
"" is Russian for the number 2.
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
67: - My
"" is Russian for 'my'.
.
68: - Life
"" is Russian for 'life'.
?
.
,
.
.
.
.
69: - Until
"" is Russian for 'until'.
1999 .
.
.
?
, .
70: - Where
72: - Most
"" is Russian for 'most'.
, .
.
.
.
.
,
.
73: - Want
"" is Russian for 'want'.
,
.
?
,
.
,
.
.
.
?
74: - Here
"" is Russian for 'here'. Refer also: "" (word 31)
, , -
.
.
.
, , .
.
.
.
76: - People
"" is Russian for 'people'.
,
.
.
,
.
, ?
,
, .
, ?
77: - Now
"" is Russian for 'now'.
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
78: - House
"" is Russian for 'House'.
.
, ,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
friends.
Wearing a coat, he went to look at cars
passing by.
Tom went up to the laughing girl.
81: - Day
"" is Russian for 'Day'.
.
.
, ,
.
.
.
,
.
82: - Or
"" is Russian for 'or'.
Which do you want, a book or
magazine?
?
Are these pens or are they pencils?
You can pay now or when you come
, .
back to pick up the paint.
- Did she go to the St.Petersburg or to
?
Moscow last week?
They spent an hour or so searching for
.
the missing file.
, ?
- , ,
?
, , .
83: - Work
"" is the Russian verb for 'work'. (View Conjugations)
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
85: - There
"" is Russian for 'there'.
.
, .
,
.
.
.
86: - Word
87: - Eye
"" is Russian for 'eye'.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
89: - See
"" is the Russian for 'see'. (View Conjugations)
, .
,
.
,
.
, ?
.
.
90: - Their
"" is Russian for 'their'.
.
.
.
,
.
.
, .
91: - Under
"" is Russian for 'under'.
.
.
92: - Even
"" is Russian for 'even'. (It is not the opposite of 'odd')
, .
-
, .
, .
.
.
, ,
.
93: - Think
"" is Russian for 'think'. (View Conjugations)
, ?
, .
, .
,
.
, .
, .
95: - It is possible
"" is Russian for 'it is possible' or 'can'.
?
-
.
,
.
,
.
96: - Here
"" is Russian for 'here'.
.
?
?
, ,
.
.
97: - Thousand
"" is Russian for 'thousand'.
, , These old legends must have been composed
.
about a thousand years ago.
This meeting was attended by thousands of
.
people.
The population of this small town is about one
.
thousand people.
I spent twenty thousand dollars to buy a new
.
car.
The temperature of the sun is about several
.
thousand degrees.
98: - Whether
"" is Russian for 'whether'.
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
, ,
.
99: - Water
"" is Russian for 'water'.
.
.
.
.
- .
?
100: () - Nothing
'' means 'nothing'. This word declines like the word ''. Like most negatives in
Russian the genitive case is commonly used, so the form '' is most common.
There is no point
When '' is used with a preposition the word is split into two. (This also occurs with
'/')
.
Conclusion
Wow! That is our biggest Russian lesson to date. These are Russian's 100 most used words.
There are well over 750 examples. Many of these examples are quite complex, but you don't
have to learn them all. It just provides you with the opportunity to learn Russian in context. It
will also help you passively learn more Russian vocabulary.
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