Biology 20

Unit 4: Respiratory System & Muscles

November,
2015

Explain how the human respiratory system exchanges energy and matter with
the environment.
Explain the role of the motor system in the function of other body systems
Key Concepts:
Structure and function of
respiratory system
Gas Exchange
Composition of blood
Muscle contraction

U4-CH 9

Specific Outcomes for Knowledge:

- Identify the principal structures of
the respiratory system:
o Nasal passages, pharynx,
larynx, epiglottis, trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli,
diaphragm, rib muscles,
pleural membranes.
explain enzyme action and factors
influencing their action; i.e.,
temperature, pH, substrate
concentration, feedback inhibition,
competitive inhibition
explain the exchange of matter and
the transfer of thermal energy
between the body and the
environment, using the mechanism
of breathing in gas exchange,
removal of foreign material and heat
loss
explain how the motor system
supports body functions, referencing
smooth, cardiac and striated muscle
describe, in general, the action of
actin and myosin in muscle
contraction and heat production

Lesson One: November 13, 2015

Structures of the Respiratory System
Objectives:
- Identify the principal structures of the respiratory system:
o Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm, rib muscles, pleural membranes.
Methodology
Discrepant Event: YouTube clip on Respiratory System (3.5 minutes)
Lesson:
- Prezi: Go over structures of the respiratory system (70 minutes)
- Closure (7 minutes)

Diversification:
- Notes are provided in text form so students can read the material and make
their own notes. Then, the notes are described, with more details.
- The inclusion of videos engages and supports visual learners.
Assessment:
- No summative assessment for this lesson.
- Formative assessment is in the form of asking students questions about why
the structures are shaped the way they are, and recapping their
understandings from previous units.
Learning Extension: For students to understand this content, they need to really
understand the function of these structures. Asking the students leading questions
forces them to apply the knowledge. The structures help explain the function of the
respiratory system.
Lesson Two: November 16, 2015
Gas Exchange & Breathing and Respiration
Objectives:
- Explain the exchange of matter and the transfer of thermal energy between
the body and the environment, using the mechanism of breathing in gas
exchange, removal of foreign material and heat loss
Methodology
Discrepant Event: Recap from last Friday. Ask students questions. (5 minutes)
Lesson:
- Why do we breathe?
- Why do we need oxygen?
- Go over path of oxygen from inhalation to exhalation.
Part I: PowerPoint: 45 minutes
- Go over (in detail) the processes that occur in gas exchange.
Part II:
- Have students feel ribs and chest as they inhale and exhale. (2 minutes)
- Go over the different inspiration/expiration volumes as they practice
themselves. (25 minutes)
Diversification:
- Notes are provided in text form so students can read the material and make
their own notes. Then, the notes are described, with more details.
- The inclusion of videos engages and supports visual learners.
Assessment:
- No summative assessment for this lesson.
- Formative assessment is in the form of asking students questions about why
the structures are shaped the way they are, and recapping their
understandings from previous units.
Learning Extension: Ask students how carbon monoxide affects breathing rates.
Students understand that carbon monoxide has a great affinity for carbon monoxide
than oxygen, but they need to apply how this would affect the body and breathing
rates.

Lesson Four: November 18, 2015

Review of the Respiratory System!
Objectives:
- Identify the principal structures of the respiratory system:
o Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli, diaphragm, rib muscles, pleural membranes.
- explain enzyme action and factors influencing their action; i.e., temperature, pH,
substrate concentration, feedback inhibition, competitive inhibition
- explain the exchange of matter and the transfer of thermal energy between the
body and the environment, using the mechanism of breathing in gas exchange,
removal of foreign material and heat loss
- explain how the motor system supports body functions, referencing smooth,
cardiac and striated muscle
- describe, in general, the action of actin and myosin in muscle contraction and
heat production
Methodology
Discrepant Event: Introducing activity!
Lesson: Jeopardy!/game show. (~45 minutes)
- PowerPoint on muscles (40 minutes)
- Includes video that describes what is in the PowerPoint (video is 10 minutes)
o Using video intermittently, to introduce the topics that I will explain
more clearly after.
Diversification:
- The game show used in this lesson provides an opportunity for students to
review what they have been learning in class in a fun way. This is a
collaborative way for students to share their understandings with their
classmates.
- The YouTube video brings auditory and visual support to learners.
- The video also provides a more in-depth explanation of muscle contraction
for students that wish to understand more of the mechanisms.
- This lesson allows students to teach each other!
Assessment:
- No summative assessment for this lesson.
- Formative assessment is in the success (or lack of success) of students to
answer the questions!
Learning Extension:
- Students have to be able to recall what they have learned over the past
week. Inform students the chapters that will be on the quiz tomorrow (9.19.3).
- Assure students that we will go over the actin/myosin relationship again
tomorrow.

Lesson Four: November 19, 2015

Respiratory System Quiz & Muscles Continued
Objectives:
- Identify the principal structures of the respiratory system:
o Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli, diaphragm, rib muscles, pleural membranes.
- explain enzyme action and factors influencing their action; i.e., temperature, pH,
substrate concentration, feedback inhibition, competitive inhibition
- explain the exchange of matter and the transfer of thermal energy between the
body and the environment, using the mechanism of breathing in gas exchange,
removal of foreign material and heat loss
- explain how the motor system supports body functions, referencing smooth,
cardiac and striated muscle
- describe, in general, the action of actin and myosin in muscle contraction and
heat production
Methodology
Discrepant Event: Myosin is thick, Actin is thin video
Lesson:
- Quiz: (45 minutes)
o Contains questions on the respiratory system. Specifically; structures,
gas exchange, gas transport, mechanisms, and respiratory control.
- YouTube video (2.5 minutes)
- PowerPoint on muscles (40 minutes)
Diversification:
- The YouTube clip is a catchy (albeit annoying) way to remember the
relationships between actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, and calcium.
Assessment:
- The summative assessment in this lesson is the quiz. Students will have to
show their understanding using a multiple choice and written response quiz.
Learning Extension: As the day after is a long weekend, we will likely have to
review these concepts again on Monday. The students are aware of the unit test
coming up.
- Monday will also be a continuation of the respiratory disorders.