Unit 7 Memorycognition - Unit 12 Therapies

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Name:
Cognition
MultipleChoice
Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.
1.Youaredaydreaminginthemiddleofalecture.Areyouactuallythinking?
a. Yes.
b. No.
c. No,butdaydreamingisanexampleofcognition.
d. Yes,youarethinkinganddaydreamingisanexampleofcognition.
2.Computerprogramscapableofdoingthingsthatrequireintelligencewhendonebypeopleare
associatedwith
a. artificialintelligence.
b. proxemics.
c. cerebronics.
d. computerizedcreativity.
3.__________isthestudyofthemeaningofwordsandlanguage.
a. Linguistics
b. Encoding
c. Semantics
d. Syntax
4.Representationsusedinthinkinginclude
a. mnemonicdevices.
b. kinesthesis.
c. concepts.
d. primarilyfigmentsoftheimagination.
5.Basicspeechsoundsarecalled
a. morphemes.
b. syllables.
c. phonemes.
d. syntax.
6.Asolutionthatcorrectlystatestherequirementsforsuccessinsolvingaproblembutnotin
sufficientdetailforfurtheractioniscalleda(n)__________solution.
a. heuristic
b. general
c. functional
d. specific
7.Fluency,flexibility,andoriginalitywouldbemostcharacteristicofwhichtypeofthought?
a. convergentthinking
b. mechanicalproblemsolving
c. roteproblemsolving
d. brainstorming
http://www.appsychology.com/HowPass/MC%20quizes/Cognition/cognition.htm
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8.Whattypeofconceptis"uncle"?
a. conjunctive
b. relational
c. relative
d. disjunctive
9.Theinabilitytoseenewusesforfamiliarobjectsistermed
a. nonflexiblethinking.
b. functionalfixedness.
c. proactiveinhibition.
d. interference.
10.Apersonwhoisconcernedabouthealth,butwhocontinuestosmokecigarettes,ismakingan
errorinjudgmentcalled
a. functionalfixedness.
b. ignoringthebaserate.
c. representativeness.
d. framing.
11.Languageistermedproductiveifit
a. allowsforcommunicationofthoughtsandideas.
b. iscapableofgeneratingnewideasandpossibilities.
c. increasesone'sadaptationtoachangingenvironment.
d. providesasetofrulesformakingsoundsintowordsandwordsinto
sentences.
12.Whichofthefollowingisusuallyassociatedwithcreativity?
a. convergentthinking
b. divergentthinking
c. modeling
d. syntax
13.Atruckgetsstuckunderabridge.Severaltowtrucksareunabletopullitout.Atlastalittle
boywalksupandaskstheredfacedadultstryingtofreethetruckwhytheyhaven'tlettheair
outofthetruck'stires.Theiroversightwasdueto
a. divergentthinking.
b. cognitivestyle.
c. synesthesia.
d. fixation.
14.Heuristicsareproblemsolvingstrategieswhich
a. useatrialanderrorapproach.
b. userandomsearchstrategies.
c. guaranteesuccessinsolvingaproblem.
d. reducethenumberofalternatives.
15.Characterisiticsofcreativityinclude
a. convergence.
b. flexibility.
c. genderdifferences.
d. rigidpersonalityfactors.
16.Aperceptualsetthatcausesonetobecomehunguponwrongsolutionsorremainblindto
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alternativesiscalled
a. inhibition.
b. fixation.
c. conditionalthinking.
d. incubation.
17.If98outof100peoplerespond"GoldenRetriever"whenaskedtonamewhatdogbest
representstheconcept"dog,"thenagoldenretrieverwouldbecalleda
a. denotativeconcept.
b. prototype.
c. relationalconcept.
d. feature.
18.Therulesfororderingwordsinsentencesarecalled
a. grammar.
b. syntax.
c. semanticdifferential.
d. heuristics.
19.Thesolutiontoarithmeticproblemsrequires
a. mechanicalsolutions.
b. convergentthinking.
c. insight.
d. brainstorming.
20.ApersonwouldhavetheLEASTdifficultyinclassifying__________asatreeorshrub.
a. acactus
b. afern
c. anoak
d. apalm
21.Astudentwhotakesamultiplechoicetestbyreadingthestemofeachitem,generatingthe
correctresponsebeforelookingatthechoices,andthenchoosingtheresponseclosesttothe
answerisusing
a. aheuristic.
b. an"ideal"solution.
c. vicariousproblemsolving.
d. analgorithmicsearchstrategy.
22.Inbaseball,an"out"isa
a. conjunctiveconcept.
b. relationalconcept.
c. disjunctiveconcept.
d. prototype.
23.Thestageofcreativethoughtduringwhichproblemsolvingproceedsatasubconsciouslevelis
the__________stage.
a. incubation
b. orientation
c. preparation
d. illumination
24.Apersonisaskedtodecideonamajorinschoolanotherisaskedtodecideonacareer.We
maysaythatthedifferentanswerstheygivetobroadandspecificquestionsarebecauseof
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a. differencesinrepresentativeness.
b. baseratedifferences.
c. differencesinframing.
d. differencesassociatedwithirrationalpersonalities.
25.ThecorrelationbetweenIQandcreativityis
a. veryhigh.
b. verylow.
c. zero.
d. morepositivelycorrelatedthehighertheIQ.
26.Oversimplifiedconceptsofgroupsofpeoplearereferredtoas
a. groupthinking.
b. socialstereotypes.
c. relationalstereotypes.
d. disjunctivestereotypes.
27.Thoughtthatisintuitive,haphazard,orpersonalistermed
a. inductivethought.
b. deductivethought.
c. logicalthought.
d. illogicalthought.
28.__________arethesmallestmeaningfulunitsofspeech.
a. Morphemes
b. Phonemes
c. Pheromones
d. Concepts
29.Theabilitytospeaktwolanguagesisreferredtoas
a. bilanguagism.
b. fluency.
c. bilingualism.
d. noneofthese.
30.Thetwomostbasicunitsofspeechare
a. wordsandrulesofgrammar.
b. ideasandconcepts.
c. morphemesandphonemes.
d. connotativeanddenotativemeaning.
31.Wordsorideasrepresentingaclassofobjectsarecalled
a. abstractions.
b. attributes.
c. thoughts.
d. concepts.
32.PsychologistWolfgangKhlerbelievedthatthesolutionofamultiplestickproblemin
chimpanzeesrevealed
a. howreinforcementstronglyguidedtheirbehavior.
b. anabilityforversatileandappropriatebehaviortochangingcircumstances.
c. acapacityforinsight.
d. thesameproblemsolvingabilitiesinchimpsasingorillas.
33.
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33."Anti"isanexampleof
a. aphoneme.
b. syntax.
c. surfacestructure.
d. amorpheme.
34.Normalproblemsolvingislikelytouse
a. mentalimages.
b. olfactorysensations.
c. synesthesia.
d. semanticrepression.
35.Adetailed,practical,andworkablesolutiontoaproblemiscalleda(n)__________solution.
a. heuristic
b. general
c. functional
d. specific
36.Thefactthat"Dogbitesman"hasaverydifferentmeaningfrom"Manbitesdog"demonstrates
theimportanceof
a. connotation.
b. syntax.
c. conditionalrelationships.
d. linguisticdeterminism.
37.Ifyouwantedtoenhancecreativity,youwouldwantto
a. isolateyourself.
b. makearashdecision.
c. digdeeperintoaproblemwithlogic.
d. lookforanalogies.
38.Drawingconclusionsonthebasisofformalprinciplesofreasoningistermed
a. inductivethought.
c. logicalthought.
d. illogicalthought.
39.Thoughtthatinvolvesgoingfromgeneralprinciplestospecificsituationsiscalled__________
reasoning.
a. deductive
b. inductive
c. divergent
d. intuitive
40.Arigidmentalsetcanbeabarriertoproblemsolving.Whichofthefollowingreferstoa
similarbarriertoproblemsolving?
a. oversimplification
b. invalidreasoning
c. functionalfixedness
d. divergentproblemsolving
41.AmericanSignLanguageis
a. atruelanguagewithasyntaxandgrammar.
b. apseudolanguagewithnosyntaxorgrammar.
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c. acodesystem.
d. aneasilyunderstoodpantomime.
42.Theterm"cognition"includes
a. thinking,problemsolving,reasoning,anddreaming.
b. classicalandinstrumentalconditioning.
c. theuseofmemorysystems.
d. anactiveprocessbywhichsensoryinputisselected,organized,and
integrated.
43.Atendencytoselectwronganswersbecausetheyseemtomatchpreexistingmentalcategories
iscalled
a. intuition.
b. representativenessheuristic.
c. baserate.
d. framing.
44.Asetofrulesforstructuringsentencesiscalled
a. linguisticdeterminants.
b. grammar.
c. semantics.
d. morphemes.
45.Thestudyofthemeaningofwordsisimportantbecause
a. itrevealstheconnectionbetweenlanguageandthought.
b. peoplespeakdifferentlanguagesandtranslationbecomesimportant.
c. itisnecessarytofollowthedevelopmentofphonemesbyagrowingchild.
d. itmeasurestheemotionalcontentoflanguage.
46.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutanimalcommunication?
a. Animalsexhibitvariedcries,gestures,andmatingcalls,buteventhese
communicationsareoftennotunderstoodbyotheranimalsofthesame
species.
b. Althoughanimalcommunicationislimited,theycanlearntousehuman
languagewitheaseandeventuallyattainthecommunicationskillsofthe
averagehighschoolsophomore.
c. Animalcommunicationcantrulybecalledalanguagebecauseitconsists
ofsymbols,grammar,and,mostimportantly,itisproductive.
d. Whilepsychologistsdon'tdoubtthatanimalscommunicate,thereis
disagreementastowhetherornotanimalscanactuallybetaughta
language.
47.Aconceptreferringtoanobjecthavingatleastoneofanumberoffeaturesisa__________
concept.
a. relational
b. conjunctive
c. disjunctive
d. categorical
48.Goingfromgeneralprinciplestospecificsituationsiscalled
a. logicalthought.
c. illogicalthought.
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d. inductivethought.
49.Fluency,flexibility,andoriginalityarecharacteristicofwhichtypeofthought?
a. divergentthinking
b. mechanicalproblemsolving
c. logic
d. deductivereasoning
50.Thewayaquestionisstatedbeforeproblemsolvingbeginsisknownas
a. representativeness.
b. framing.
c. incubation.
d. definingthebaserate.
51.Conceptformationrefersto
a. theorganizationofphonemesandmorphemesintomeaningfulthoughts.
b. theapplicationoftransformationrulestobasicsentences.
c. inductiveasopposedtodeductivethinking.
d. organizingexperiencesintomeaningfulcategories.
52.__________thinkinggoesfromspecificfactstogeneralprinciples.
a. Deductive
b. Inductive
c. Divergent
d. Convergent
53.Ifyoutranslated"Pepsiisfortheyoungergeneration"intoSpanishandthetranslationreads
"Pepsireversesaging,"youhaveaproblemwith
a. morphemes.
b. phonemes.
c. semantics.
d. grammar.
54.Therulesthatdeterminehowwordsinalanguagecanbeputtogethertomakesentencesare
called
a. structuralsemantics.
b. allophonetics.
c. syntax.
d. phonemes.
55.Classifyingthingsasabsolutelyrightorwrongtypifies
a. goodbadorallornothingthinking.
b. multidimensionalthinking.
c. complexthinking.
d. conceptualcategoricalthinking.
56.AccordingtoChomsky,weareabletoexpressideasinavarietyofwaysbyapplying
__________rules.
a. functional
b. generative
c. disjunctive
d. transformation
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Name:
Memory
MultipleChoice
1.Thetendencyforpriorlearningtoinhibitrecalloflaterlearningiscalled
a. encodingfailure.
b. repression.
c. retroactiveinterference.
d. proactiveinterference.
2.Thingsthatareheardareheldasabrief__________inthesensoryregister.
a. echo.
b. icon.
c. image.
d. engram.
3.Twentyyearsaftergraduating,asubjectisabletocorrectlyidentifyphotographsofstudents
sheattendedhighschoolwithfromalargergroupofstrangers.Todososhehasused
a. recall.
b. recognition.
c. eideticimagery.
d. reminiscence.
4.Memoriesoutsideofconsciousawarenessarecalled
a. proactivememories.
b. reactivememories.
c. explicitmemories.
d. implicitmemories.
5.Theimagethatpersistsforaboutonehalfsecondafterbeingseenisa(n)
a. sensation.
b. echo.
c. icon.
d. illusion.
6.Cuedependent(orcontextdependent)theoriesofmemorysuggestthatyouwoulddobeston
yourchemistrytestifyoucouldbetested
a. intheroomwhereyoustudied.
b. inachemistrylaboratory.
c. withalargegroupofchemistrymajors.
d. withstudentswhoshareyourinterests.
7.Thepartofthebrainthatfunctionsasa"switchingstation"betweentheSTMandLTMisthe
a. hippocampus.
b. cerebralcortex.
c. RS.
d. engramswitchingcenter.
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8.Thefactthatabodilystatethatexistsduringlearningcanbeastrongcueforlatermemoryis
knownas
a. eideticimagery.
b. redintegration.
c. statedependentlearning.
d. thetipofthetonguephenomenon.
9.__________concentratesonthemeaningofinformationyouwanttoremember.
a. Dualmemory
b. Elaborativerehearsal
c. Longtermmemory
d. Maintenancerehearsal
10.Criticismofrecoveredmemorieshascenteredonthefactthat
a. itisreasonabletosuspecthiddenabusewhenapersonisdepressed,has
lowselfesteem,orsexualproblems.
b. mostvictimsofsexualabuserarelyrememberhavingbeenmolested.
c. apatientguidedbyanincompetenttherapistmightconfusedreamswith
memories.
d. personallyimportantortraumaticmemoriescannotbecreatedthrough
suggestion.
11.Transformingincominginformationintoausableformisthestageofmemorycalled
a. retrieval.
b. encoding.
c. storage.
d. organization.
12.Helenhasasixmonth"gap"inhermemoriesofgradeschool.Her"gap"correspondstothe
periodimmediatelyafterherfather'sdeath.Helen'smemorylossismostlikelyaccountedfor
by
a. cuedependentforgetting.
b. repression.
c. retroactiveinhibition.
d. decayofmemorytraces.
13.Memoriesofhistoricalfactsareto__________memory,asmemoriesofyourbreakfastthis
morningareto__________memory.
a. episodicprocedural
b. proceduralsemantic
c. semanticepisodic
d. longtermshortterm
14.Thestoragecapacityoflongtermmemoryisbestdescribedas
a. asingleitem.
b. aboutsevenitems.
c. aboutsevenvolumes.
d. limitless.
15.Thedefinitionofmemoryisthatitisanactivesystemthatreceives,organizes,and
a. storesinformation.
b. decaysinformation.
c. filtersallincominginformation.
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d. discardsoldinformation.
16.Psychologistshaveconcludedthatlongtermmemoriesfallintothefollowingtwocategories:
a. factmemoryandmnemonicmemory.
b. proceduralmemoryandfactmemory.
c. semanticmemoryandfactmemory.
d. semanticmemoryandredintegrationmemory.
17.Decaytheoriesofmemorylossseemtobemostappropriatefor
a. memorybasedonvisualimages.
b. longtermmemory.
c. shorttermmemoryandsensorymemory.
d. muscularmemory.
18.Essayquestionstendtobemoredifficultthanmultiplechoicebecausewithanessayquestion,
a. therearemorecuestostimulatememory.
b. recallisrequiredratherthanrecognition.
c. thereismoreproactiveinhibition.
d. thereismoreinterferencepossible.
19.Thefirststepinplacinginformationintomemorystorageis
a. mnemonicmemory.
b. shorttermmemory.
c. sensorymemory.
d. rehearsal.
20.Anintelligencetestforadultsfrequentlyhasageneralknowledgesectionwhichtestsfor
a. episodicmemory.
b. echoicmemory.
c. proceduralmemory.
d. semanticmemory.
21.Theprocessofholdinginformationinmemoryisreferredtoas
a. retrieval.
b. encoding.
c. storage.
d. organization.
22.Recoding,chunking,andrehearsalareespeciallyimportantfortheimprovementof
a. shorttermmemoryefficiency.
b. eideticimagery.
c. sensorymemory.
d. longtermmemorytraces.
23.Theimprovementofmemorytotrulyexceptionallevelsinvolves
a. learningtechniquesfororganizingor"chunking"information.
b. replacingmemorybasedonmeaningwithmemorythatutilizesimages.
c. improvementsinshorttermmemory.
d. improvementsintheneuralsubstratesofmemorythroughdrugsand
nutrition.
24.Workingmemoryisassociatedwithwhichofthefollowing?
a. sensorymemory
b. shorttermmemory
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c. longtermmemory
d. integratedmemory
25.__________determineswhatinformationmovesfromsensorymemorytoshorttermmemory.
a. Encodingfailure
b. Selectiveattention
c. Repression
d. Eideticencoding
26.Studentsoftenassumethatbecausetheycananswerallthestudyquestionsonce,theyhave
sufficientlypreparedforatest.Thismistakenattitudeoverlookstheimportanceof__________
forimprovingmemory.
a. overlearning
b. spacedpractice
c. recitation
d. organization
27.__________referstothefadingofmemorytracesfromshorttermmemory.
a. Encodingfailure
b. Decay
c. Disuse
d. Decodingfailure
28.Themajorproblemwithusinghypnosisinpoliceworkis
a. vicariousinhibition.
b. thatthereislittleevidencethatinformationgatheredbyhypnosishasever
helpedsolveapolicecase.
c. theoccurrenceoffalsememories.
d. aperson'sabilitytobehypnotized.
29.Eideticimageryisfoundmoreoftenin
a. childrenthaninadults.
b. adultsthaninchildren.
c. menthaninwomen.
d. womenthaninmen.
30.Amailclerkhastorearrangemailboxesinastudentdormitoryandforafewdayshasdifficulty
sortingthemail.Thisillustrates
a. retroactiveinterference.
b. proactiveinterference.
c. relearning.
d. memorydecay.
31.__________primarilykeepsmemoriesactiveinshorttermmemory.
a. Dualmemory
b. Elaborativerehearsal
c. Longtermmemory
d. Maintenancerehearsal
32.Whichofthefollowingdetermineswhatinformationmovesfromsensorymemorytoshort
termmemory?
a. consolidation
b. anengram
c. workingmemory
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d. selectiveattention
33.Whenstudentswhogotograduateschoolhavetobrushuponaforeignlanguagetheylearned
before,theyfinditeasierthesecondtimearound.Thisillustrates
a. rehearsal.
b. recall.
c. redintegration.
d. relearning.
34.Organizinginformationintolargerunitsasawayofimprovingtheefficiencyofshortterm
memoryiscalled
a. chunking.
b. categorization.
c. verballabeling.
d. symbolization.
35.Whichofthefollowingistrueofshorttermmemory?
a. Ithasanunlimitedstoragecapacity.
b. Itdealswithinformationforlongerperiodsoftime,usuallyforatleast30
minutes.
c. Itisseriouslyaffectedbyanyinterruptionorinterference.
d. OnceinformationisplacedinSTM,itispermanentlystored.
36.Informationisrememberedwithoutexplicitcuesorstimuli,oftenverbatimin
a. recall.
b. recognition.
c. relearning.
d. redintegration.
37.Statedependentlearningisatermwhichreferstothefactthat
a. bodilystatescanbeastrongcueforlatermemory.
b. learningandmemorycanbeincreasedwiththeuseofdrugs.
c. happypeoplehavebettermemories.
d. adultsloseanyeideticmemoryastheygrowolder.
38.Rememberingthefirstandlastitemsofalistbetterthanitemsinthemiddleisdueto
a. thetipofthetonguephenomenon.
b. redintegration.
c. theserialpositioneffect.
d. thepseudomemoryeffect.
39.Whichofthefollowingcanhelptocreatefalsememories?
a. hypnosis
b. ageregression
c. suggestion
d. alloftheabove
40.Consolidationreferstothe
a. timetakenforshorttermmemorytobecomplete.
b. abilitytoseerelationshipsbetweenobjectsorevents.
c. processwherebymemorystorageisspeededbytheuseof
electroconvulsiveshocktreatment.
d. formingofalongtermmemory.
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41.Proceduralmemorywouldbeaffectedbydamagetothe
a. cerebrum.
b. cerebellum.
c. motorcortex.
d. limbicsystem.
42.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeanexampleofshorttermmemory?
a. rememberingthelettersofthealphabet
b. lookingupaphonenumberandrememberingitwhileyoudial
c. rememberingyourname
d. rememberinghowtorideabicycle
43.Accordingtotheinterferencetheoryofforgetting,
a. memorycapacityislimitedsothatwhennewinformationisbroughtin,
oldermemoriesmustberemoved.
b. newlearningcaninhibittheretrievalofstoredmemory,andviceversa.
c. forgettingisdirectlyrelatedtothecomplexityandmeaningfulnessofthe
incominginformation.
d. cuespresentatthetimeoflearninginterferewithmemoryretrieval.
44.Whichofthefollowingistrueofrehearsalofinformation?
a. Rehearsalisanaidtomaintaininginformationinsensorymemory.
b. After45secondswithoutrehearsal,informationisgonefromSTM.
c. RehearsalinterfereswithchunkingandrecodingofinformationinSTM.
d. RehearsalaidsthetransferofinformationfromSTMtoLTM.
45.The"magicnumber"__________representstheaveragenumberof"bits"ofinformationthat
shorttermmemorycanusuallyhandle.
a. three
b. six
c. seven
d. nine
46.__________memoryisthatpartoflongtermmemorycontainingfactualinformation.
a. Episodic
b. Semantic
c. Declarative
d. Procedural
47.Evolutionaryexplanationsfortheefficiencyofmemoryargue
a. itisimportanttoretrieveallpastmemories.
b. totalrecallwouldparalyzeusmentally.
c. pastepisodicmemoriesarehighlyaccurateanddetailed.
d. environmentalexperiencesarerecalledwiththehighestdegreeofaccuracy.
48.Thekindofmemorythatlastsforonlyasecondortwois
a. longtermmemory.
b. shorttermmemory.
c. eideticmemory.
d. sensorymemory.
49.Whennewlearningdisruptstheabilitytorecallpast,storedinformation,__________hasbeen
saidtooccur.
a. proactiveinterference
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b. disinhibition
c. retrogradeamnesia
d. retroactiveinterference
50.__________isknownformemorizingnonsensesyllablesandplottingacurveofforgetting.
a. Luria
b. Mnemonic
c. Ebbinghaus
d. Loftus
51.Whichtermreferstotheobservationthatwealtermemoriesbyfillingingapsorbyadding
newinformation?
a. redintegration
b. constructiveprocessing
c. logicalinference
d. informationprocessing
52.Whenapersonfillsingapsinmemorywithlogictheprocessiscalled
a. remembering.
b. constructiveprocessing.
c. reconstruction.
d. imagination.
53."Flashbulb"memories,whicharevivid,lastingimagesofeventsassociatedwithpersonal
tragedy,maybeproducedinpartby
a. increasedsecretionofthehormoneACTH.
b. decreasedserotoninlevels
c. disinhibition.
d. positivetransfer.
54.Asnewmemoriesareformed,oldermemoriesareoften__________.
a. updated
b. unchanged
c. decayed
d. deconstructed
55.Thecorrectorderforthethreestagesofmemoryis
a. shorttermmemory,longtermmemory,retrieval.
b. workingmemory,sensorymemory,longtermmemory.
c. sensorymemory,shorttermmemory,longtermmemory.
d. shorttermmemory,sensorymemory,longtermmemory.
56.Let'ssayyouhaveafriend,Harriet,whoishavingtroublememorizinginformationforan
anatomyclass.Thesimplestandmosthelpfulthingyoucoulddowouldbetoexplain
__________toher.
a. mnemonics
b. thetipofthetonguephenomenon
c. consolidation
d. repression.
57.Anareaofthebrainofparticularimportanceformemorystorageisthe
a. hippocampus.
b. parietallobe.
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c. thalamus.
d. medulla.
58.Thememorysystemusedforrelativelypermanentstorageofmeaningfulinformationiscalled
__________memory.
a. sensory
b. shortterm
c. longterm
d. tactile
59.Often,memoriesappeartobeavailablebutnotaccessible,asin
a. thetipofthetonguephenomenon.
b. sensorymemoryfailure.
c. engramdecay.
d. interference.
60.Thefactthatmanypeopledon'tknowwhichwayLincolnisfacingonthepennyisprobably
dueto
a. displacement.
b. cuedependentforgetting.
c. interference.
d. encodingfailure.
61.JoanrepeatsalistofvocabularywordsfortheSpanishtesttomovethemfromhershortterm
tolongtermmemory.Thisrepetitioniscalled
a. redundancy.
b. chunking.
c. encoding.
d. rehearsal.
62.Usingavarietyof__________canopenapathwaytomemory.
a. cues
b. recall
c. hints
d. recognition
63.Anexperttypistwhocannotdescribetheexactlocationoflettersonatypewriterkeyboardis
demonstratingtheimportanceof
a. implicitmemories.
b. redintegrativememories.
c. explicitmemories.
d. recognitionmemories.
64.TheEbbinghauscurveofforgettingshowsthatforgettingismostrapid
a. immediatelyafterlearning.
b. onehourafterlearning.
c. afteroneweek.
d. afewmonthsafterlearning.
65.Theinabilitytorecalleventsprecedinganaccidentinvolvinginjuriestotheheadiscalled
a. retrogradeamnesia.
b. progradeamnesia.
c. motivatedforgetting.
d. cognitiveblockage.
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66.Pseudomemoriesare
a. thosememoriesrecalledafteramnesia.
b. falsememoriesresultingfromconstructiveprocessing.
c. delusionsassociatedwithmentalillness.
d. shorttermmemories.
67.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredanepisodicmemory?
a. 47=28
b. thesixteenthpresident
c. theaccidentyousawthreeweeksago
d. numberofCDsowned
68.Rehearsalworksbestwhen
a. theinformationtoberememberedisrepeatedoverandover.
b. itisusedtolinknewinformationwithexistingmemoriesandknowledge.
c. memoriesareupdatedorreorganizedonthebasisoflogic,reasoning,or
theadditionofnewinformation.
d. partofamemoryisusedtoreconstructanentirecomplexmemory.
69.Amemorythatapersonisawareofhaving,oramemorythatisconsciouslyretrieved,iscalled
a. explicitmemory.
b. implicitmemory.
c. priming.
d. eideticimagery.
70.Activatingimplicitmemoriesbyprovidingpartialinformationthatislinkedwiththemiscalled
a. priming.
b. repression.
c. redintegration.
d. forgetting.
71.Asshownbythecurveofforgetting,memorylossoccurs
a. aslearningisstillgoingon.
b. veryrapidlyatfirstandthenlevelsofftoaslowdecline.
c. notuntilthreetofourhoursafterthelearningtrialisover.
d. slowlyatfirstbutisessentiallycompletewithinonehour.
72.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredasemanticmemory?
a. yourfirstcar
b. thesixteenthpresident
c. yourthirdjob
d. theaccidentyousawthreeweeksago
73.Thewordusedtodescribehowinformationgetsintothememorysystemis
a. retrieval.
b. displacement.
c. encoding.
d. recall.
74.Inorderforamemorytobeuseful,itmustbe
a. filed.
b. episodic.
c. decodedasanimage.
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Memory
d. retrieved.
75.Yourrecollectionsaboutyourlastbirthdayarestoredinyour__________memory.
a. episodic
b. semantic
c. retroactive
d. shortterm
76.Ifyouwitnessedacrimeandwereaskedtopickoutthecriminalfromalineup,youwouldbe
doingwhatkindofmemorytask?
a. eideticimagery
b. relearning
c. recall
d. recognition
77.Informationinlongtermmemorycanberetainedupto
a. 30seconds.
b. 1hour.
c. manyyears.
d. 2seconds.
78.__________memoryisthatpartoflongtermmemorymadeupofconditionedresponsesand
learnedskills.
a. Episodic
b. Semantic
c. Fact
d. Skill
79.Consciouslyforcingpainfuloranxietyproducingthoughtsfrommemoryiscalled
a. proactiveinhibition.
b. repression.
c. suppression.
d. continuedavoidance.
80.Eideticmemorizers'longtermmemoryhasproventobe
a. farbetterthanaverage.
b. slightlybetterthanaverage.
c. average.
d. nobetterthanaverage.
81.Abraininjuredpatientwhocanstillexecuteaperfectgolfswingorahighdivebutisunableto
recallorrelearneventhebroadoutlinesofAmericanhistoryissuperiorin
a. proceduralmemory.
b. semanticmemory.
c. episodicmemory.
d. factmemory.
82.Interferencetheoriesofforgettingsuggestthatretentionwillbebestwhenstudyisfollowedby
a. sleep.
b. lightreadingorwatchingTV.
c. studyingsimilarsubjectmatter.
d. studyingdifferentsubjectmatter.
83.Amultiplechoicequestion(likethisone)makesgreatestuseofwhichtypeofmemory?
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Memory
a.
b.
c.
d.
recall
recognition
relearning
redintegration
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Motivation and Emotion
Name:
MotivationandEmotion
MultipleChoice
1.Gorgingonfoodandthenvomitingortakinglaxativestoavoidgainingweightiscalled
a. behavioraldieting.
b. faddieting.
c. purging.
d. bulimianervosa.
2.Youandafriendplaythreehoursofracquetball.Afterwards,youaremostlikelytoprefer
a. plainwater.
b. aslightlysaltyliquid.
c. abeveragecontainingsomealcohol.
d. milk.
3.Bufordcomplainsthathecanplayhistubabeautifullyathome,buteachtimehetriestoplayat
thelocaltalentshowhesoundslikeabullelkinruttingseason.Hisproblemisexplainedby
a. theYerkesDodsonLaw.
b. theeffectsofhomeostasis.
c. habituation.
d. biorhythms.
4.Whichisacauseofanorexia?
a. siblingrivalry
b. anoverlyrealisticviewofnormalsize
c. foodallergies
d. perfectionism
5.Atthehighestlevelsofarousal,
a. theindividualbecomesemotional,frenzied,anddisorganized.
b. onlybiologicalneedscanbemet.
c. performanceonthemostcomplextasksimproves.
d. intellectualproductsexhibitgreatcreativity.
6.AccordingtotheCannonBardtheory,
a. thethalamusplaysacentralroleinproducingemotions.
b. thecerebellummustgivethegoaheadforemotion.
c. activityintheoccipitalandparietallobeshappenssimultaneouslyto
produceemotion.
d. thesympatheticandparasympatheticnervoussystemsworkinconcert.
7.Peoplefromdifferentculturescanrecognizewhichfacialexpressions?
a. fear
b. anger
c. disgust
d. allofthese
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8.Youarefeelingalotoffear,thebrainsitemostlikelyinvolvedis
a. themidbrain.
b. thelefthemisphere.
c. therighthemisphere.
d. theamygdala.
9.Ifthelateralhypothalamusisdestroyed,aratwill
a. drinkmorewaterthanbiologicallyneeded.
b. refusetodrinkuntilforcedtodoso.
c. eatuntilitbecomesobese.
d. refusetoeatuntilforcefed.
10.Cuttingsensorynervesfromthestomach,orremovingitentirely,causes
a. atotallossofappetite.
b. eatingbasedonrecognizedneed,notinternalfeelingsofhunger.
c. somechangesineating,buthungerstilloccurs.
d. theneedforpatientstobe"trained"toeatotherwise,theywould
inadvertentlystarvetodeath.
11.WhichisTRUEregardingtheinfluenceofculturalvaluesoneatingbehaviors?
a. Theyaretheprimarycauseofinnatetasteaversion.
b. Theygreatlyaffecttheincentivevalueofvariousfoods.
c. Theydetermineaperson'ssetpointforvariousfoods.
d. Theyhaveahomeostaticinfluenceonamountoffoodconsumed.
12.Kinesicsreferstothestudyof
a. bodylanguage.
b. emotionalexpression.
c. ANSarousalduringemotionalstates.
d. emotionalexpressioninanimalsandhumans.
13.Stimulusmotivesare
a. needsthatarelearned,suchastheneedsforpowerorforachievement.
b. innatebutnotnecessaryforsurvival.
c. notinnatebutnecessaryforsurvival.
d. innateandnecessaryforsurvival.
14.Thepolygraphor"liedetector"primarilymeasureswhichcomponentofemotion?
a. attribution
b. emotionalexpression
c. physiologicalarousal
d. vocalmodulation
15.Iftheventromedialhypothalamusisdestroyed,aratwill
a. eatuntilitbecomesobese.
b. refusetoeatuntilforcedtodoso.
c. drinkexcessively.
d. refusetodrinkuntilforcedtodoso.
16.Thechiefantidotefortestanxietyis
a. overpreparation.
b. thoughtsuppression.
c. regression.
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d. discussingtheproblemwithyourprofessor.
17.Tasteaversionsareatypeofclassicalconditioning,andifthereisalongdelaybetweentheCS
andUS,conditioningisusuallyprevented.Thefactthatpeopleandanimalscandeveloptaste
aversionseventhoughsicknessoccurslongaftereatingindicatesthat
a. tasteaversionsarereallymorelikeoperantconditioning.
b. tasteaversionscanbeunlearnedaswell.
c. thereisabiologicaltendencytoassociatesicknesswithanyfoodeaten
earlier.
d. thereislessaversionassociatedwiththeactualsicknessthanwith
whatevercausedthesicknessinthefirstplace.
18.Themostuniversallyrecognizedfacialexpressionis
a. pursedlips.
b. smiling.
c. stickingoutyourtongue.
d. raisingyoureyebrows.
19.Intrinsicmotivationoccurswhen
a. obligationsorapprovalarefactors.
b. thereisnoobviousexternalrewardforone'sbehavior.
c. thereareobviousexternalfactorscontrollingbehavior.
d. extrinsicmotivationisalsohigh.
20.Acompetitivediverapproachestheendoftheboardwithrapidlybeatingheartandadry
mouth,aresultofincreased
a. adrenaline.
b. amines.
c. cortisone.
d. endorphins.
21.Ifafoodcausessickness,orsimplyprecedessicknesscausedbysomethingelse,alearned
__________mayresult.
a. psychosomaticillness
b. tasteaversion
c. anorexia
d. specifichunger
22.Thehypothalamushas__________hungercenter(s).
a. nocontrolover
b. totalcontrolover
c. themostdirectcontrolover
d. one
23.Whenapolygraphoperatorasksasubject,"Haveyoueverliedtoyourparents?"heorsheis
using
a. acontrolquestion.
b. acriticalquestion.
c. deception.
d. anirrelevantquestion.
24.Apersongotverysickaftereatingacheesedanish.Itislikelythatthepersonwill
a. eventuallyeatanothercheesedanish.
b. eatanotherkindofdanish.
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c. nevereatanothercheesedanish.
d. onlyeatcheesedanishsfromnowon.
25.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectsequenceforthemotivationalprocess?
a. reinforcementneedbehavioralresponse
b. needdrivebehavioralresponse
c. drivebehavioralresponseneed
d. behavioralresponsedriveneed
26.Pushistopullas__________isto__________.
a. goalneed
b. responseneed
c. episodiccyclic
d. needgoal
27.Themostcriticalphysiologicalfactorcontrollinghungeristhe
a. levelofbloodsugar.
b. presenceofstomachcontractions.
c. tasteoffood.
d. presenceofweaknessorfatigue.
28.Researchersarecertainthatfacialexpressionsof__________arerecognizedbypeopleofall
cultures,buttheyarenotsocertainthatfacialexpressionsof__________areuniversal.
a. fearinterest
b. sadnesssurprise
c. angercontempt
d. disgusthorror
29.Themaintenanceofsteadystatesoftemperatureandbloodpressureareexamplesof
a. thermostasis.
b. homeostasis.
c. intrinsicmotivation.
d. biologicalrhythm.
30.TheemployeesatafactorywereexcellentworkersuntilaweekbeforeChristmaswhena
rumorspreadthateconomicconditionswouldforcetheplanttocloseinfourdays.Thequality
andquantityofworktookadownturnastheworkersspenttimediscussingamongthemselves
theplausibilityoftherumorandwhattheywoulddoifitweretrue.Maslowwouldsaythat
theseworkersweremotivatedby
a. metaneeds.
b. intrinsicmotivation.
c. esteemandselfesteem.
d. safetyandsecurity.
31.Unlearnedbiologicalmotivesnecessaryforsurvivalaretermed
a. primarymotives.
b. secondarymotives.
c. drives.
d. stimulusmotives.
32.WhichtheoryofemotionholdstheviewthatbodilychangesPRECEDEemotionandthatwe
experienceanemotionAFTERourbodyreacts?
a. thecommonsensetheory
b. theCannonBardtheory
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c. attributiontheory
d. theJamesLangetheory
33.Sensorydistortionsanddisturbedthinkingreportedbypeoplewhohaveundergonesensory
deprivationsupportthe__________theoryofmotivation.
a. drivereduction
b. arousal
c. episodic
d. opponentprocess
34.Inhunger,asetpointis
a. similartoabody'sthermostatforbloodsugar.
b. theweightyoumaintainwhenyouattempttodiet.
c. relatedtotheproportionofbodyfatyourbodynormallymaintains.
d. determinedbyadulteatinghabits.
35.Thepolygraph'smostcommonerroristo
a. failtodetectpersonswhocanliewithoutanxiety.
b. failtodetectpersonswhoareguilty.
c. identifyasguiltypersonswhoareinnocent.
d. identifyasinnocentpersonswhoareeasilyaroused.
36.Whichofthefollowingisasecondarymotive?
a. curiosity
b. thedesireformoney
c. physicalcontact
d. thirst
37.WhatisthecorrectorderofneedsinMaslow'shierarchy?
a. physiologicalesteemsafetyselfactualizationloveandbelonging
b. selfactualizationphysiologicalsafetyloveandbelongingesteem
c. physiologicalsafetyloveandbelongingesteemselfactualization
d. selfactualizationsafetyloveandbelongingesteemphysiological
38.Stimulusmotivesdifferfromprimarymotivesinthatthey
a. areunlearnedandnecessaryforsurvival.
b. appeartobeinnate,butarenotnecessaryforsurvival.
c. areacquiredthroughvariousformsofconditioningandlearning.
d. includeneedsforsecurity,status,approval,andachievement.
39.Motivationistheprocessofinitiating,__________,anddirectingactivitiesoftheorganism
a. supplying
b. sustaining
c. surveying
d. suspending
40.AccordingtoMaslow'stheory,thebasicneedsinclude
a. physiologicalneeds,safety,andsecurity.
b. safety,love,andbelonging.
c. physiologicalneedsandbelonging.
d. securityandesteem.
41.Inbothmalesandfemales,pupilsizeisrelatedto
a. attractivenesstoothers.
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b. perceivedintelligence.
c. perceivedlocusofcontrol.
d. desirabilityasaleader.
42.Thequestion,"Isyouraddress(person'saddress)?"askedduringtheadministrationofalie
detectortest,isa(n)__________question.
a. control
b. critical
c. relevant
d. irrelevant
43.Whichtheoryholdsthatweareafraidbecausewerunorareangrybecausewestrike?
a. attribution
b. JamesLange
c. CannonBard
d. cognitive
44.Peoplewhohavehadtheirstomachssurgicallyremoved
a. reporttheystillhavehungerpangs.
b. mayfailtoeatregularly.
c. mustbeforcefed.
d. stillexperiencehunger.
45.AtthetopofMaslow'shierarchyofmotivesare
a. loveandbelonging.
b. esteemandselfesteem.
c. selfactualization.
d. safetyandsecurity.
46.IfyousawGeorgewithhispupilsdilated(enlarged),youwouldmostlikelyassumethathewas
a. angry.
b. disgusted.
c. happy.
d. scared.
47.Ifanoverweightadultwasoverfedasachild,asanadultheorshewillhave__________fat
cells.
a. larger
b. moreandlarger
c. more
d. thesamenumberof
48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesexdriveisTRUE?
a. Thesexdriveisgreatlyaffectedbyhormonelevelsinhumans.
b. Thesexdriveisnecessaryforindividualsurvival.
c. Thesexdriveishomeostatic.
d. Theinfluenceofhormonesdecreasesasweascendthebiologicalscale.
49.Moods
a. arethemostextremeformsofvariousemotions.
b. aresubtleemotionalundercurrents.
c. reflectbasephysiologicalchanges.
d. reflectonlypositiveemotions.
50.
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50.Afterananimalisallowedtocopulateuntilithasnofurtherinterest,itwillresumesexual
activitywhenanewpartnerisprovided.Thisiscalled
a. astimulusneed.
b. acuriositydrive.
c. theCoolidgeeffect.
d. anepisodicdrive.
51.Youarefeelinghappyandsadatthesametime.Researchintobrainactivitywouldindicate
thatprocessingisprimarilyoccurringin
a. themidbrain.
b. thelefthemisphere.
c. therighthemisphere.
d. bothhemispheres.
52.Whichtheoryclaimsthatemotionsareorganizedinthebrainandthatemotionalfeelingsand
bodilyexpressionsoccursimultaneously?
a. thecommonsensetheory
b. theCannonBardtheory
c. attributiontheory
d. theJamesLangetheory
53.InanearlyexperimentbyCannonandWashburn,Washburnswallowedaballoonsothatthey
couldmeasurehunger.Theirconclusionwasthat
a. theballoonpreventedhungerbyfillingupthestomach.
b. theballoonrecordedhungerpangsorcontractions.
c. theballoonstoppeddigestion,andsonothingcouldbesaidofnormal
hunger.
d. hungerhadnothingtodowithstomachcontractions.
54.Thesatietysystemistothefeedingsystemasthe__________hypothalamusistothe
__________hypothalamus.
a. ventromediallateral
b. lateralventromedial
c. nonhomeostatichomeostatic
d. cyclicepisodic
55.Ifyourbodyisdehydrated,butyouarenotthirsty,wewouldsaythatyouhave
a. adrivebutnotaneed.
b. aneedbutnotadrive.
c. bothadriveandaneed.
d. neitheraneednoradrive.
56.Whichofthefollowingcanalterthebody'ssetpoint?
a. overfeedinginchildhood
b. externaleatingcues
c. severedieting
d. lowselfesteem
57.Apartofthenervoussystemthatpreparesthebodyforemergenciesisthe__________
division.
a. parasympathetic
b. sympathetic
c. somatic
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d. adaptive
58.Acircadianrhythmreferstoacycle
a. ofsexualreceptivitycausedbyhormonecycles.
b. ofbodilyactivityapproximately24hoursinlength.
c. ofemotionalarousal.
d. duringwhichvariousbodilysystemsareinphase.
59.Unlikeotherdrives,painischaracterizedby
a. avoidanceratherthanpositivegoalseeking.
b. cyclicaloccurrences.
c. freedomfromtheinfluenceoflearning.
d. astronglinktoestrogenlevelsinthebody.
60.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofbulimianervosa?
a. Vomiting,laxatives,ordiureticsareusedtoloseweight.
b. Therearerepeatedattemptstoloseweightbyseveredieting.
c. Itoccursequallyinmalesandfemales.
d. Itisanadolescentgrowthphasethatafewwomengothroughandlater
disappears.
61.The__________describestherelationshipbetweenarousallevel,taskdifficulty,and
efficiencyofperformance.
a. arousaltheory
b. drivereductiontheory
c. YerkesDodsonLaw
d. invertedUfunction
62.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionofarousaltheory?
a. Zerolevelofarousalisthemostdesirable.
b. Highlevelsofarousalarethemostdesirable.
c. Optimallevelsofarousalexistforeachperson.
d. Optimallevelsofarousalexistforvariousactivities.
63.Secondarymotivesare
a. needsthatarelearned,suchastheneedsforpowerorforachievement.
b. innatebutnotnecessaryforsurvival.
c. notinnatebutnecessaryforsurvival.
d. innateandnecessaryforsurvival.
64.Whichofthefollowingisaprimarymotive?
a. curiosity
b. thedesireformoney
c. physicalcontact
d. thirst
65.Electricallystimulatingthelateralhypothalamuswillcausearatto
a. starteating.
b. stopeating.
c. startdrinking.
d. stopdrinking.
Thepartoftheautonomicnervoussystemresponsibleforrestoringthebodyandconserving
66.energyisthe
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a. somaticnervoussystem.
b. limbicsystem.
c. parasympatheticdivision.
d. sympatheticdivision.
67.TheinvertedUfunctiondescribestherelationshipbetween
a. deprivationandsexdrive.
b. stimulationandcuriosity.
c. arousalandperformance.
d. sexdriveandsatisfiers.
68.Thebodystructuremostcloselyassociatedwiththirstisthe
a. pancreas.
b. pituitarygland.
c. hypothalamus.
d. limbicsystem.
69.Themostappropriatenameforthepolygraphis
a. liedetector.
b. arousalrecorder.
c. mindreader.
d. guiltmeter.
70.Extrinsicmotivationstemsfrom
a. obviousexternalfactors.
b. intrinsicmotivation.
c. primarydrives.
d. selfactualization.
a. Thesexdriveinfemalesiscloselytiedtothemenstrualcycle.
b. Thesexdriveinhumansiscompletelyliberatedfromtheinfluenceof
hormones.
c. Thesexdriveinhumanscanbearousedatvirtuallyanytimebyalmost
anything.
d. Recentsexualactivitypreventssexualdesirefromoccurringagainaftera
certainamountoftime.
72.Peoplewithweightproblemsaremorelikelytoeatwhenexperiencingtheemotionof
a. anxiety.
b. anger.
c. sadness.
d. anyofthese
73.Theneedforachievement
a. isgreatestforbehaviorsleadingtofinancialandmaterialsuccess.
b. doesnotoccurinprimitivecultures.
c. isdefinedasthedesiretomeetinternalizedstandardsofexcellence.
d. isgreaterinwomenthaninmen.
74.Lifethreateningweightlossduetoselfinflictedstarvationiscalled
a. fasting.
b. malnutrition.
c. anorexianervosa.
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d. hypoglycemia.
75.Thequestion,"Didyourobtheliquorstore?"askedduringtheadministrationofaliedetector
test,isa(n)__________question.
a. control
b. deceptive
c. relevant
d. irrelevant
a. Mostpsychologistsbelievethatsexisaprimarymotivebecauseitis
necessaryforindividualsurvival.
b. Normalmaleanimalsarealwaysreadytomate.
c. Normalfemaleanimalsarealwaysreadytomate.
d. Thesexdriveisconsideredaprimarymotivebecauseitisprimarily
homeostaticinnature.
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Developmental Psychology
Name:
DevelopmentalPsychology
MultipleChoice
1.AccordingtoErikson,amajorconflictinthefirstyearoflifeisthatbetween
a. trustversusmistrust.
b. initiativeversusguilt.
c. autonomyversusshameanddoubt.
d. relatednessversusisolation.
2.ADHDinchildrenismostoftentreatedwiththedrug
a. Haldol.
b. Thorazine.
c. Ritalin.
d. Valium.
3.ForchildrenwithADHD,theabilitytolearnisseverelylimitedbecausethey
a. aremildlyretarded.
b. actonimpulseandcannotconcentrate.
c. musttakestimulantswhichshortenattentionspan.
d. aregivensedativeswhichmakethemlistless.
4.Lackofbowelcontrolinchildrenisknownas
a. enuresis.
b. analism.
c. encopresis.
d. anorexianervosa.
5.Inpassiveeuthanasia
a. aperson'sbodyisfrozenupondeath.
b. drugsareadministeredtohastendeath.
c. bodytemperatureisloweredtodelaydeath.
d. deathisallowedbutnotcaused.
6.AccordingtoErikson,failuretoresolvethetasksofmiddleadulthoodleadstoasenseof
__________involvingaconcernforone'sownneedsandcomfortsonly.
a. apathy
b. selfabsorption
c. despair
d. stagnation
7.Acommonmistakemadebymanyconcernedparentsislikelytobe
a. deliberatelycreatinghighlevelsofstressfortheirchild.
b. unintentionallycreatinghighlevelsofstressfortheirchild.
c. attemptingtoprotecttheirchildrenfromallstress.
d. unintentionallyrewardingtheirchildrenforcreatingstress.
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8.Accordingto__________,wefaceaspecificpsychosocialdilemmaateachstageoflife.
a. JamesColeman
b. LawrenceKohlberg
c. ErikErikson
d. SigmundFreud
9.Adriver'slicenseoraweddingringarewhatElkindcalls
a. statussymbols.
b. socialmarkers.
c. tokens.
d. identitysigns.
10.Fromtheperspectiveofthelifespanpsychologist,lifestagesareimportantbecause
a. theyrepresenttheoutcomeofmajorbiologicalchanges.
b. theypresentasetofdevelopmentaltaskstobemastered.
c. theyprovideinsightintothevaluesandaspirationsofparticularcultures.
d. theirbeginningandendareperfectlycorrelatedwithchronologicalage.
11.LawrenceKohlbergisknownforhisresearchintheareaof__________development.
a. cognitive
b. physical
c. moral
d. motor
12.Identificationwithpeergroups
a. decreasesduringadolescence.
b. givesanadolescentameasureofsecurityandasenseofidentity.
c. reducesselfesteemandselfworth.
d. seemstoalwaysleadtoincrediblydestructivebehaviors.
13.Stutteringisconsidereda
a. sideeffectofauthoritarianparenting.
b. resultoffixationcausedbyconflictsduringtoilettraining.
c. psychologicalconsequenceofpermissiveparenting.
d. problemwithaphysicalorigin.
14.Afailuretodevelopaconsistentidentityresultsin
a. isolation.
b. inferiority.
c. roleconfusion.
d. stagnation.
15.AccordingtoKblerRoss,themostcommonorderofemotionalreactionsinpreparingfor
deathis
a. anger,depression,bargaining,denial,acceptance.
b. denial,anger,bargaining,depression,acceptance.
c. anger,depression,denial,bargaining,acceptance.
d. depression,anger,denial,bargaining,acceptance.
16.Onerecommendedwayforparentstohandleproblemsofoccasionalbedwettinginchildrenis
to
a. limittheamountofwatertheydrinkintheevening.
b. punishthemfor"wet"nights.
c. wakethemupduringthenighttousethetoilet.
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d. considermedicationorpsychotherapy.
17.Griefrefersto
a. theperiodofemotionaladjustmentthatfollowsthedeathofalovedone.
b. theintenseemotionalstatethatfollowsthedeathofalover,friend,or
relative.
c. theperiodduringwhichapersonseemsdazedornumbandshowslittle
emotion.
d. demoralizationanddiscouragement.
18.Initiativeandindependencearefosteredby
a. restrictingachild'sfreedomtoplay,touseimagination,andtochoose
activities.
b. identityversusroleconfusion.
c. encouragementfromparentswhenachildplansandcarriesoutatask.
d. masteringpsychomotorskills.
19.Generativityrefersto
a. concernforwelfareofothersandsocietyasawhole.
b. thedesiretohavechildrenandtherebyensuresurvivalofthespecies.
c. theabilitytoestablishadequatesocialandfinancialsecurity.
d. activeacceptanceofagingandthesocialchangesitbrings.
20.Vocabularyandstoredknowledge
a. reachtheirpeakafewyearsafterhighschoolorcollege.
b. areexamplesoffossilizedintelligence.
c. areexamplesoffluidintelligence.
d. areexamplesofcrystallizedintelligence.
21.Teachers,peers,andadultsoutsidethehomebecomeimportantinshapingattitudestoward
oneselfinErikson'sstageof
a. trustversusmistrust.
c. industryversusinferiority.
d. integrityversusdespair.
22.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecommonlifestages?
a. infancy
b. lateadolescence
c. lateradulthood
d. oldadulthood
23.Themenopauseandclimactericaretoagingas
a. integrityistoautonomy.
b. birthistodeath.
c. activityistoageism.
d. pubertyistoadolescence.
24.Mutism,selfdestructivebehavior,andecholaliaaresymptomsof
a. childhoodautism.
b. anorexianervosa.
c. ADHD.
d. dyslexia.
25.
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25.
Conformingtotheexpectationsofothersortosociallyacceptedrulesandvaluesdescribesa
personatthe__________levelofmorality.
a. obedience
b. concrete
c. postconventional
d. conventional
26.Lackofbladdercontroliscalled
a. colitis.
b. anorexia.
c. enuresis.
d. encopresis.
27.Inthe__________levelofmoraldevelopment,moralchoicesaredeterminedbythedirect
consequencesofactions.
a. preconventional
b. conventional
c. concrete
d. postconventional
28.Puberty
a. isthesameasadolescence.
b. occursearlierforboysthanforgirls.
c. istheperiodofgrowthandhormonalchangesthatleadtosexualmaturity.
d. involvesagrowthspurtof12yearsduringwhichboysaretallerthangirls.
29.Withagingthereisadeclineof__________intelligence,butnotof__________intelligence.
a. fluidfixed
b. fixedfluid
c. fluidcrystallized
d. crystallizedfluid
30.Whichofthefollowingisnotcharacteristicofchildhoodautism?
a. violenttempertantrumsandrepetitiveactions
b. sensoryblockingandecholalia
c. languageandlearningdeficiencies
d. encopresisandovereating
31.IfherparentsencouragelittleTanyatoaskquestions,touseherimagination,andgiveherthe
freedomtochoosesomeactivities,accordingtoErikson,theyareencouraging
a. industry.
b. identity.
c. generativity.
d. initiative.
32.Thefirstemotionalreactiontoimpendingdeathisusually
a. anger.
b. denial.
c. bargaining.
d. depression.
33.AccordingtoGould,a"crisisofurgency"andthe"attainmentofstability"arecharacteristicof
a. lateadolescence.
b. youngadulthood.
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c. middleadulthood.
d. thedisengagementperiod.
34.Kohlbergidentifiedthethreelevelsofmoraldevelopmentasthe
a. preconventional,conventional,andpostconventional.
b. conditional,unconditional,andpostconditional.
c. selfinterested,social,andpersonal.
d. premoral,conventional,andpostethical.
35.Girlswhomatureearlyaremorelikely
a. toengageinearliersexualrelations.
b. tobesociallyostracizedinmiddleandhighschool.
c. towithdrawandbecomesociallyisolated.
d. tobecometallandthin.
36.Hyperactivityisaseriouschildhoodproblembecause
a. ofitsassociationwithseverebraindamageandretardation.
b. itcannotbetreated.
c. itinterfereswithsuccessinschoolandlearningingeneral.
d. hyperactivechildrentendtobeselfdestructiveandwithdrawn.
37.Achildwhoisjuststartingschool,tryingtolearngoodhabitsandtodowell,isinErikson's
stageofdevelopmentcalled
a. initiativeversusguilt.
b. industryversusinferiority.
c. generativityversusstagnation.
d. integrityversusdespair.
38.ThefastestgrowinggroupinAmericansocietyisrepresentedby
a. infants.
b. elementaryschoolagedchildren.
c. adolescents.
d. theaged(thoseoverage65).
39.FromtheperspectiveofErikErikson,lifestagesareimportantbecause
a. eachinvolvesacrisisordilemma.
b. eachsignalsanewstageofcognitivedevelopment.
c. eachisanexpressionofbiologicalprogramming.
d. theirfailuretoappearisevidenceofpsychopathology.
40.AccordingtoGould,a"crisisofquestions,"whereanindividualpondersthemeaningoflife,
occursduring
a. adolescence.
b. earlyadulthood.
c. middleadulthood.
d. oldage.
41.Aschildrenbegintheirelementaryschoolyears,theyenterErikson'sstageof
a. initiativeversusindependence.
b. industryversusinferiority.
c. educationversusindolence.
d. autonomyversusconformity.
42.Thesinglemostimportantthingyoumightdoforadyingpersonisto
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a. avoiddisturbingthatpersonbynotmentioningdeath.
b. allowthatpersontotalkaboutdeathwithyou.
c. tellthatpersonaboutthestagesofdying.
d. keepyourvisitsshortandinfrequentinordertoavoidtiringthatperson.
43.WhichpairingsofstagesfromErikson,Gould,andLevinsonarecomparable?
a. identityescapefromdominanceage30transition
b. generativityleavingthefamilyage50transition
c. generativitycrisisofurgencymidlifetransition
d. intimacycrisisofquestionsmidlifetransition
44.Theonsetofpubertyforboysisbetween__________yearsforgirlsitisbetween__________
yearsofage.
a. 9131012
b. 13161114
c. 811913
d. 11141316
45.Somechildrengothroughaperiodofintenseappetitewhentheyeatorchewonallsortsof
inediblesubstances.Thisiscalled
a. pica.
b. enuresis.
c. encopresis.
d. anorexia.
46.ElizabethKblerRossisknownforherresearchintheareaof
a. eatingdisorders.
b. adolescentbehavior.
c. copingwithstress.
d. deathanddying.
47.UsingastorysuchasThePorcupineandtheMoles,Gilliganwasabletodemonstratethat
a. Kohlberg'ssystemisconcernedmainlywiththeethicsofjustice.
b. boystendtouseanethicinvolvingcareandresponsibility.
c. girlstendtochooseasolutionbasedonjustice.
d. Kohlberg'smoralitysystemistrueforbothboysandgirls.
48.Discriminationorprejudiceonthebasisofageiscalled
a. gerontism.
b. autism.
c. ageism.
d. senilism.
49.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofageism?
a. beingconsideredunqualifiedforajob
b. beingconsideredtooexperiencedforajob
c. voluntaryretirement
d. inJapanthestatusandrespecttheelderlyenjoy
50.Conformitytopeervaluesoften
a. peaksinlateadolescence.
b. inhibitspersonalgrowth.
c. assuresanindividualofacceptance.
d. inhibitsamemberofsocietyperspective.
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51.Kohlbergstudiedmoraldevelopmentby
a. havingsubjectskeepadailyjournaloftheiractions.
b. evaluatingcriminalanddelinquentperson'scourtrecords.
c. posingmoraldilemmastochildrenofdifferentages.
d. havingsubjectsperformvariouslegalorillegalbehaviors.
52.Asuccessfulalternativetodrugtreatmentforhyperactivityis
a. psychotherapy.
b. behaviormodificationorbehaviormanagement.
c. punishment.
d. progressiveinhibition.
53.Atoddlerlearningtousethetoiletwhosometimesfeelsbadwhenheorshe"messesup"isat
Erikson'sstagecalled
a. identityversusroleconfusion.
c. autonomyversusshameanddoubt.
d. intimacyversusisolation.
54.Bereavementrefersto
a. theperiodofemotionaladjustmentthatfollowsthedeathofalovedone.
b. theintenseemotionalstatethatfollowsthedeathofalover,friend,or
relative.
c. theperiodduringwhichapersonseemsdazedornumbandshowslittle
emotion.
d. demoralizationanddiscouragement.
55.Ifyouareayoungadult,youareinterestedindeveloping
a. intimacy.
b. generativity.
c. integrity.
d. initiative.
56.Amotherwhocomplainsthathersonclingstoherconstantlyandcriesandcomplainswhen
sheisgoneshouldbeadvisedthat
a. thisisnormalbehavioratcertainstagesofdevelopment.
b. thisisanunfortunateconsequenceofanundesirableparentingstyle.
c. attachmentbehaviorisclearlyafunctionofdelayedcognitive
development.
d. suchbehaviorshouldbequicklydiscouragedbecauseitleadsto
dependencyasanadult.
57.Whichofthefollowingisthelongeststageofgrievingformostpeople?
a. shock
b. anger
c. depression
d. agitation
58.Overeatinginchildren
a. sometimesisencouragedbyaparentwhoisanorexic.
b. maybediscouragedbecausetheparentconsidersafatbabyunhealthyor
undesirable.
c. leadstothedevelopmentofeatinghabitsandconflictsthathavelifelong
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consequences.
d. promotesthedevelopmentofahealthydiet.
59.Initiativeandindependencearefosteredby
a. givingachildfreedomtoplay,touseimagination,andtochooseactivities.
b. achild'sexperiencewithtoilettraining.
c. acquiringpersonalautonomy.
d. learningasenseofindustry.
60.AccordingtoErikson,achildenteringadolescencecanexpectmajordevelopmentaltask
demandstocenteraroundtheneedto
a. developtrustinothers.
b. achieveintimacywithanother.
c. acquirepersonalautonomy.
d. developasenseofone'sself.
61.Thestatedpurposeofcryonicsuspensionisto
a. speeddeathfortheterminallyandirreversiblyill.
b. allowdeathtooccurwithaminimumofsuffering.
c. placetheterminallyillinsuspendedanimationuntilacurecanbefound.
d. preservethebodyafterdeathinhopesthatfuturerevivalwillbecome
possible.
62.AfrequentlyusedtreatmentforADHDis
a. useofseverepunishment.
b. administrationofstimulantdrugs.
c. administrationoftranquilizerstoslowthechilddown.
d. ahighproteindiet.
63.Iaminmylateforties.IfIdonotreachouttoothers,especiallytoyoungpeople,Eriksonsays
Iwillexperience
a. shame.
b. isolation.
c. stagnation.
d. guilt.
64.Behaviordirectedbyselfacceptedmoralprinciplesrepresentsthe__________levelofmoral
development.
a. preconventional
b. postconventional
c. unconventional
d. conventional
65.Whichofthefollowingisamythaboutaging?
a. Mostolderindividualsarethebestdriversontheroad.
b. Mostoftheelderlyshowsignsofsenilityandmentaldecay.
c. Theelderlywholivealonearetypically"socialbutterflies."
d. Olderindividualsarejustassexuallyactiveaswhentheywere30.
66.Aspecialistindeathanddying,oronewhostudiesdeath,isreferredtoasa
a. bereavementcounselor.
b. thanatologist.
c. funerologist.
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d. terminologist.
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Personality
Name:
Personality
MultipleChoice
1.Idisto"Justdoit"assuperegoisto
a. "Waittilllater."
b. "Doyourownthing."
c. "Don'tdoit."
d. "Oh,sitonit."
2.Theunconsciouscontains
a. materialthatcaneasilybebroughttoawareness.
b. everythingweareawareofatagivenmoment.
c. repressedmemoriesandemotions.
d. thoughts,perceptions,andmemories.
3.Behavioraltheoriesofpersonalityareoftencriticizedfortheir
a. inabilitytotestorverifyconcepts.
b. limitedrecognitionoftemperament,emotion,andsubjectivefactors.
c. abilitytoexplainbehaviorafterthefactonly.
d. emphasisontheconditionsunderwhichbehaviorsoccur.
4.Theconceptoftraitsisusedtoaccountforpersonalcharacteristicsthatare
a. biologicallydetermined.
b. relativelypermanentandenduring.
c. situationspecific.
d. sharedbyagroup.
5.Thefivefactormodelofpersonalityincludes
a. socialinteractionism.
b. neuroticism.
c. agreeableness.
d. senseofhumor.
6.Apersonalitytheoryisa(n)
a. categoryusedtodescribepersonality.
b. interrelatedsystemofconceptsusedtoexplainpersonality.
c. relativelypermanentsetofbehaviorpatterns.
d. subjectiveevaluationofaperson.
7.Whichofthefollowingisanunconsciouspersonalitystructuremadeupofbiologicalurges
seekingfulfillment?
a. ego
b. id
c. superego
d. subconscious
http://www.appsychology.com/HowPass/MC%20quizes/Personality/personality.htm
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Personality
8.CriticismsofFreud'sdevelopmentaltheoryhavecenteredon
a. theoveremphasisonsexualityinpersonalitydevelopment.
b. Freud'streatmentoffatherdaughterrelationship.
c. theneedforasternorthreateningmotherinthedevelopmentof
conscience.
d. theunimportanceofthefirstyearsoflifeintheformationofpersonality.
9.Oneproblempsychologistshavewithpersonalitytypesisthey
a. arehypotheticalconstructs.
b. oversimplifypersonality.
c. describecharacter,notpersonality.
d. arenotobservableormeasurable.
10.Freudbelievedthatpersonalitywastypifiedby
a. adelicatebalanceofpoweramongthethreepersonalitystructures.
b. alackofstruggleamongthethreepersonalitystructuresinthehealthy
individual.
c. alackofstruggleamongthethreepersonalitystructuresintheunhealthy
individual.
d. astateofstruggleamongthethreepersonalitystructuresinwhichtheid
getscaughtinthemiddle.
11.Tounderstandpersonality,traittheoristsattemptto
a. createtraitsthatfitpeople.
b. increasethenumberofbasictraitsthathavebeenidentified.
c. classifytraitsanddiscoverhowtheyarerelatedtobehavior.
d. reducethecommontraitstomeasuresoftemperament.
12.AccordingtoFreud,theenergyfromlifeinstinctsthatdrivespersonalityiscalledthe
a. ego.
b. libido.
c. lifeforce.
d. eros.
13.AccordingtoFreud,theidisgovernedbythe
a. pleasureprinciple.
b. realityprinciple.
c. egoideal.
d. creaturecomfortprinciple.
14.Learningtheorists
a. haveremovedthe"person"frompersonality.
b. emphasizesituationaldeterminantsofbehavior.
c. stresstheroleoftheunconscious.
d. wouldviewatraitasstableinallsituations.
15.IntheFreudianviewofpersonality,whichsystemistotallyunconsciousanddominatedby
biologicalinstincts?
a. id
b. ego
c. superego
d. libido
16.__________theorymaximizedand__________theoryminimizedtheroleoftheunconscious.
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Personality
a. Traithumanistic
b. Psychoanalyticbehaviorist
c. Psychoanalytichumanistic
d. Traitbehaviorist
17.AccordingtoFreud,theegoisgovernedbythe
b. realityprinciple.
c. egoideal.
d. partialegoprinciple.
18.Thefivefactormodelofpersonalityincludes
a. socialinteractionism.
b. conscientiousness.
c. senseofhumor.
d. neuroticism.
19.AccordingtoJung,art,religion,myths,anddramaareimportanttoindividualfunctioning
becausethey
a. facilitateconsciousdevelopment.
b. aresymbolsthatappealtobasicarchetypes.
c. providethemeansforachievingcontroloverahostileenvironment.
d. transmitspecificinformationforsolvingdevelopmentaltasks.
20.OneofFreud'smajorcontributionswashis
a. beliefthatthefirstyearsoflifehelptoshapepersonality.
b. beliefintheconceptoflibido,sexualdesires,andbiologicalinstincts.
c. discoveryofcomplexesduringthegenitalstage.
d. elaborationofthehumanisticapproachtopersonalitydevelopment.
21.Whatdopsychologistsmeanbythetermtraitsituationinteraction?
a. Situationschangetraits.
b. Situationscreatenewtraits.
c. Traitsdeterminesituations.
d. Situationsaffecthowtraitsareexhibited.
22.Anadjectivechecklistwouldmostlikelybeusedbya
a. psychodynamictherapist.
b. behaviorist.
c. humanistictherapist.
d. traittheorist.
23.The"amazingsimilarities"ofidenticaltwinsmaybearesultof
a. thefallacyofpositiveinstances.
b. deliberatedeceitbythetwins.
c. deliberatedeceitbytheresearchers.
d. theBarnumeffect.
24.Psychologistswhobelievethatpeoplegrowanddevelopthroughouttheirlivesandthatpeople
areinherentlygoodare
a. psychoanalysts.
b. radicalbehaviorists.
c. sociallearningtheorists.
d. humanists.
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Personality
25.ConnieandSueareidenticaltwinsrearedapartandrecentlyreunited.CarlandFredare
unrelatedstudentsatamajoruniversity.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthese
pairings?
a. ConnieandSuewillprobablyshowalonglistofamazingsimilarities,
whileCarlandFredwillonlyshareacoupleofsimilarities.
b. ConnieandSuewillprobablysharemanysimilaritiesCarlandFredmay
sharemanysimilaritiesbutareprobablynotmotivatedenoughtodiscover
them.
c. ConnieandSuewillnotshareasmanysimilaritiesaswillCarlandFred.
d. ConnieandSuewillhavemoredifferencesthanwillCarlandFred.
26.Accordingtothehumanists,__________occurswhenpeoplearefreefromdependenceon
externalauthorityoronotherpeople.
a. autonomy
b. spontaneity
c. peakexperience
d. taskcentering
27.Apsychiatristwhoexplainspathologicalbehaviorasaconflictbetweenunderlying
psychologicalforcesisusingthe__________model.
a. psychoanalytic
b. behavioral
c. medical
d. humanistic
28.Accordingtobehaviorists,
a. hostile,generous,ordestructiveimpulsesariseintheunconscious.
b. personalityisacquiredthroughconditioningandobservationallearning.
c. personalityisstronglyinfluencedbyone'sselfimage.
d. personalitydevelopsfrominitialfeelingsofinferiority.
29.Thepartofthemindthatisbeyondawarenessiscalledthe
a. unconscious.
b. conscious.
c. postconscious.
d. preconscious.
30.The__________containsmaterialofwhichyoumaybeunawarebutthatcaneasilybebrought
toawareness.
a. subconscious
b. preconscious
c. unconscious
d. conscious
31.AccordingtoFreud,thekeytomentalhealthis
a. anoverpoweringsuperego.
b. anunrestrainedid.
c. dominanceofthepleasureprinciple.
d. balanceamongmentalprocesses.
32.Ifyouknowthepersonalityofanidenticaltwin,youcanexpectthepersonalityoftheother
twintobe
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Personality
a. unrelated.
b. similar.
c. identical.
d. conflicting.
33.The__________beginswithpubertyandendswithamaturecapacityforloveandthe
realizationoffulladultsexuality.
a. latencyperiod
b. OedipalandElectraconflicts
c. genitalstage
d. phallicstage
34.WhichisincludedasoneofthetraitsMaslowtheorizedwerepossessedbyselfactualizers?
a. egocentrism
b. extraversion
c. superiorintelligence
d. capacitytolaughatoneself
35.Weeachhaveaperceptionofourownpersonalitytraits.Thisperceptionstronglyinfluences
ourbehavior.Psychologistscallthisperception
a. selfevaluation.
b. innerconcept.
c. selfconcept.
d. selfesteem.
36.AkeyelementofCarlRogers'personalitytheoryistheconceptof
a. metaneeds.
b. theselforselfimage.
c. selfreinforcement.
d. thepleasureprinciple.
37.AccordingtoFreud,theOedipalandElectraconflictsendwhenachildtakesonthevaluesand
behaviorsofthesamesexparentinaprocesscalled
a. fixation.
b. imitation.
c. observation.
d. identification.
38.Betweentheagesof1and3years,thechildissaidtogothroughthe__________stage.
a. phallic
b. latency
c. anal
d. genital
39.Thepositionthatpersonalityiscomposedoflearnedpatternsisheldby
a. neoFreudians.
b. humanists.
c. behavioristsorbehavioralpersonalitytheorists.
d. psychoanalytictheorists.
40.WhichtheoryofpersonalitywasdevelopedbySigmundFreud?
a. psychoanalytic
b. behavioristic
c. humanistic
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Personality
d. psychosocial
41.Freudbecameinterestedinthestudyofpersonalitywhenherealizedthat
a. hispatientslackedphysicalcausesfortheirproblems.
b. thetreatmentofpsychologicaldisorderswasmoreadvancedthanthosefor
physicaldisorders.
c. manyofhispatientswerefakingsymptoms.
d. nocomprehensivetheoriesofthemindwerewidelyaccepted.
42.Jungbelievedthattherearebasicuniversalconceptsinallpeopleregardlessofculturecalled
a. persona.
b. collectiveconsciousness.
c. archetypes.
d. mandalas.
43.Thedescriptionofaperson'scharacterimplies
a. theuseofratingscales.
b. theuseofmultipleobservers.
c. theuseofsituationaltesting.
d. judgmentaboutthedesirabilityoftraits.
44.Themaincriticismofhumanistictheoryisthat
a. itemphasizesthenegativedimensionsofpersonality.
b. itisresearchratherthanexperienceoriented.
c. itsconceptsareimpreciseanddifficulttostudyobjectively.
d. itsapproachismoreempiricalthanphilosophical.
45.Ifselfesteemistoohigh,thepersonmaybe
a. boring.
b. ineffective.
c. dull.
d. arrogant.
46.Behavioristsaretotheexternalenvironmentashumanistsareto
a. stress.
b. personalgrowth.
c. humankind.
d. internalconflicts.
47.Freudbelievedthatateachpsychosexualstageadifferentpartofthebodybecomes
a. idfixated.
b. archetypical.
c. anerogenouszone.
d. asourceformodeling.
48.Selfactualizationrefersto
a. atendencythatcauseshumanpersonalityproblems.
b. whatitisthatmakescertainmenandwomenfamous.
c. anyonewhoismakingfulluseofhisorherpotentials.
d. therequirementsnecessaryforbecomingfamous,academically
distinguished,orrich.
49.Thetermpersonalityrefersto
a. thehereditaryaspectsofone'semotionalnature.
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Personality
b. uniqueandenduringbehaviorpatterns.
c. favorableandunfavorablepersonalcharacteristics.
d. charisma,character,ortemperament.
50.__________theoriesstressprivate,subjectiveexperienceandpersonalgrowth.
a. Trait
b. Humanistic
c. Behavioristic
d. Psychodynamic
51.Duringthefirstyearoflife,thechildissaidtogothroughthe__________stage.
a. oral
b. anal
c. genital
d. phallic
52.Criticsofpsychoanalyticpersonalitytheorynoteitsfailureto
a. beabletopredictfuturebehavior.
b. providearoleforbiologicalinstinctsinpersonalitydevelopment.
c. explainpsychologicaleventsaftertheyhaveoccurred.
d. emphasizetheimportanceofhumansexuality.
53.Learningsexappropriatebehaviorisgreatlyinfluencedby
a. selfreinforcementandresolutionofunconsciousconflicts.
b. identificationandimitation.
c. toilettrainingandearlyfeedingcontacts.
d. valuingandselfregard.
54.WhichofthefollowingisPOORadviceforapersonwhowishestopromoteselfactualization?
a. Seekpeakexperiences.
b. Takeresponsibility.
c. Bewillingtochange.
d. Trytoliveuptowhatothersthinkyoushouldbe.
55.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribethepersonalityofyourbestfriend,andyousaidshewas
optimistic,reserved,andfriendly,youwouldbeusingthe__________approach.
a. psychodynamic
b. analytical
c. humanistic
d. trait
56.Thehaloeffectrefersto
a. thetechniqueinwhichthefrequencyofvariousbehaviorsisrecorded.
b. theuseofambiguousorunstructuredstimuli.
c. theprocessofadmittingexperienceintoconsciousness.
d. thetendencytogeneralizeafavorableorunfavorablefirstimpressionto
unrelateddetailsofpersonality.
57.AccordingtoRogers,the__________selfrepresentsaveryidealizedselfimage.
a. phenomenal
b. incongruent
c. archetypal
d. ideal
58.
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Personality
58.InFreudiantheory,the__________isthe"executive"structurethatisdirectedbythereality
principle.
a. id
b. ego
c. superego
d. libido
59.AccordingtoFreud,theOedipusandElectraconflictsoccurduringthe
a. analstage.
b. oralstage.
c. phallicstage.
d. genitalstage.
60.Characteristicsthataresharedbymostmembersofaculturearetermed
a. cardinaltraits.
b. ethnictraits.
c. generaltraits.
d. commontraits.
61.Therole"possibleselves"playinourlivesisto
a. provideabasisforcomparingselfimageandtrueself.
b. giveusmodelsforidentification.
c. directourbehaviortowardanimaginedfuture.
d. remindusthatallthingsarealwayspossible.
62.InAdler'sview,themainstrivingofpersonalityisfor
a. dominance.
b. sophistication.
c. instincts.
d. superiority.
63.Anoverlystrictorharshsuperegowillcause
a. increasinglevelsofprimaryprocessthinking.
b. anantisocialpersonality.
c. inhibition,rigidity,orintolerableguilt.
d. abreakdownofthelibido.
64.Concerningpureextroversionandpureintroversion,itismostaccuratetosay
a. apersoniseitheroneortheother.
b. mostpeoplefallsomewherebetweentheseextremes.
c. thesetermswerecoinedbythefamousSwisspsychologist,Gordon
Allport.
d. theyrepresentbasicphysicaltraits.
65.ClassifyingpeopleashavingeitheraTypeAorTypeBpersonalityhasbeenusedtopredict
a. competencyasaparent.
b. chancesofsufferingaheartattack.
c. successineducation.
d. chancesofdevelopingaseriousmentalillness.
66.Rogerscallstheimageofthepersonyouwouldliketobethe
a. egoideal.
b. selfarchetype.
c. idealself.
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Personality
d. reinforcedself.
67.Whichpersonalitytheoriesattempttoexplainbehaviorbyfocusingontheinnerworkingsof
thepersonalityincludinginternalconflicts?
a. trait
b. behavioristic
c. psychodynamic
d. humanistic
68.Delayingactionuntilitisappropriatedescribestheego'suseofthe
b. moralityprinciple.
c. egoideal.
d. realityprinciple.
69.Thepsychologicalsituation,expectancy,andreinforcementvalueareimportantconceptsin
a. sociallearningtheory.
b. Gestalttheories.
c. radicalbehaviorism.
d. instrumentalconditioning.
70.__________theoristsbelievehumanshavefreewill.
a. Humanistic
b. Behavioristic
c. Psychoanalytic
d. Trait
71.Inpsychoanalytictheory,consciouscontrolisexperiencedbythe
b. id.
c. ego.
d. libido.
72.Temperamentrefersto
a. charismaorcharacter.
b. uniqueandenduringbehaviorpatterns.
c. learnedtraitsofemotionalresponse.
d. hereditaryemotionaltraits.
73.AbrahamMaslowdevelopedtheconceptofselfactualizationbyinitiallystudying
a. themazelearningabilitiesofratswithsubcorticallesions.
b. hisownpatients.
c. howchildrenreactedtoviewingaggressiverolemodelsontelevision.
d. peoplewholivedunusuallyeffectivelives.
74.Freudcalledanunresolvedconflictcausedbyoverindulgenceorfrustrationa(n)
a. fixation.
b. retentiveness.
c. incongruency.
d. expressiveness.
75.ThemessyanddisorderlypersonisdescribedbyFreudasbeing
a. orallyretentive.
b. anallyretentive.
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Personality
c. aphallicpersonality.
d. anallyexpulsive.
76.__________traitsarepersonalitytraitsthecompriseaperson'suniqueindividualqualities.
a. Central
b. Secondary
c. Cardinal
d. Individual
77.WhichpersonalitytheoriststronglyrejectedSigmundFreud'sclaimthatmalesaredominantor
superiortofemales?
a. AlfredAdler
b. KarenHorney
c. CarlJung
d. ErichFromm
78.ForFreud,thetimeduringwhichpsychosexualdevelopmentisinterruptediscalledthe
a. phallicstage.
b. latencyperiod.
c. Oedipalperiod.
d. genitalstage.
79.Atwhatagedoespersonalitybecomequitestable?
a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 50
80.Supposetheegowereahungrypersoninacrowdedcafeteria.Theegowouldmostlikely
a. donothing.
b. waitinline.
c. pushtotheheadoftheline.
d. feelguiltyaboutbeingsohungry.
81.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderingofFreud'spsychosexualstages?
a. anal,phallic,oral,genital
b. oral,anal,phallic,genital
c. genital,phallic,oral,anal
d. anal,oral,phallic,genital
82.Thepopularityofpoliticianswhoarephysicallyattractivemaybeaconsequenceofthe
a. androgynyeffect.
b. Hawthorneeffect.
c. haloeffect.
d. ordinaleffect.
83.Whichofthefollowingcouldaccountforamajorpersonalitychangeinmiddleadulthood?
a. movingtoanewcity
b. changingyourlooks
c. makingnewfriends
d. apersonaltragedy
84.AccordingtoJung,amentalstorehouseforunconsciousideasandimagessharedbyallhumans
is
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Personality
a. thepersona.
b. thepersonalunconscious.
c. thecollectiveunconscious.
d. theanima.
85.Adefiningcharacteristicoftraitsisthattheyare
a. fixed.
b. observed.
c. evaluative.
d. enduring.
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Intelligence
Name:
Intelligence
MultipleChoice
1.IfJane'sintelligencequotientis100,weknowthatshehasa
a. perfectscoreonasetofagerelatedtests.
b. testperformancesuperiorto90%ofotherchildrenthesameagewhotook
thetest.
c. mentalagetypicalofchildrenwhohavethesamechronologicalage.
d. mentalagebelowthoseofchildrenwiththesamechronologicalage.
2.__________involve(s)anabilitytomanageyourownthinkingandproblemsolving.
a. Metacognitiveskills
b. Experientialintelligence
c. Speedofprocessing
d. Framesofmind
3.Theintelligencetestscoresofidenticaltwinsare
a. lowerwhentheyareraisedtogetherthanwhentheyareraisedapart.
b. greaterthanthatforfraternaltwinsraisedtogether.
c. lowerthanthatforanyotherbloodrelatives.
d. thesamewhethertheyarerearedtogetherorapart.
4.__________intelligencetestsassessawidevarietyofmentalabilities.
a. IQ
b. Special
c. Multiple
d. General
5.Whichisthemostcloselyrelatedtopoverty?
a. metabolicdisorders
b. familialretardation
c. birthinjuries
d. fetaldamage
6.Having47chromosomesineachcellinsteadof46isacharacteristicof
a. Downsyndrome.
b. cretinism.
c. hydrocephaly.
d. microcephaly.
7.WhichofthefollowingispartofWechsler'sdefinitionofintelligence?
a. naturalisticintelligence
b. iconicmemoryandeideticimagery
c. abilitytodealeffectivelywiththeenvironment
d. spatialandkinestheticabilities
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8.InBinet'stestofintelligence,itemsincludedateachagelevelwerethosewhich
a. couldbeansweredbyanaveragechildofthatage.
b. measuredrotelearningandmemory.
c. revealedachild'sgradelevelinschool.
d. requiredcreativeaswellascorrectanswers.
9.Whichofthefollowingisanapproachtomeasuringreliability?
a. negativecorrelation
b. doubleblind
c. content
d. testretest
10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtherelationshipbetweeninspectiontimeandIQ
istrue?
a. Thelongertheinspectiontime,thegreatertheintelligence.
b. Thelongertheinspectiontime,thelowertheintelligence.
c. Theshortertheinspectiontime,thelowertheintelligence.
d. Inspectiontimeandintelligencearenotrelated.
11.Termanshowedthatmentallygiftedchildren
a. haveagreatersusceptibilitytomentalillnessinadulthood.
b. scoreintheaverageIQrangeasadults.
c. aresuccessfulduringtheiryouthbutfailtoreachtheirpotentialin
adulthood.
d. aregenerallysuccessfulintheirchosenoccupationsasadults.
12.WhichofthefollowingisoneofGardner'stypesofintelligence?
a. executiveskills
b. ethics
c. music
d. creativity
13.WhowouldbethebestnormgroupfortheACTorSATcollegeentrancetests?
a. lawyers
b. highschoolseniors
c. collegegraduates
d. collegesophomores
14.__________isthecapacityforlearningcertainandspecificabilities.
a. Achievement
b. Intelligence
c. Aptitude
d. Scholastics
15.Mentalretardationcausedbybirthinjuriesorfetaldamageiscalled__________retardation.
a. organic
b. familial
c. incidental
d. medical
16.Selectivebreedingfordesirablecharacteristicsiscalled
a. cretinism.
b. adaptivebehavior.
c. microcephaly.
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d. eugenics.
17.Itcanbearguedthatstandardizedtesting(suchastheSAT)isbeneficialbecause
a. itcanhelplabelpeopleasgeniusandgifted.
b. thereisaperfectcorrelationbetweenstandardizedtestsandacademic
performance.
c. theypredictfutureoccupationalsuccess.
d. theyarefairerandmoreobjectivethanadmissionofficers'judgments.
18.Thefactthatfraternaltwinsaremoresimilarinintelligencethanordinarysiblingssuggeststhe
importanceof
a. commonhereditaryfactors.
b. commonenvironmentalfactors.
c. geneticeffects.
d. effectsofintrauterineenvironment.
19.AschoolcurriculumbuiltonHowardGardner'stheoryofintelligencewouldprovide
a. neuromusculartrainingbecausesuchskillsunderliegeneralintelligence.
b. traininginlogic,rhetoric,philosophyandmathtostrengthenthegeneral
factorinintelligence.
c. emphasisoncreative,artisticabilitiesratherthanthetraditionalemphasis
oncognitiveabilities.
d. adiversecurriculumwitheducationinskillsnottraditionallyassociated
withIQ.
20.Standardizationincludesformalizingtestingproceduresandestablishing
a. goals.
b. plans.
c. norms.
d. forms.
21.Whichofthefollowingisafactorthatinfluencessuccessforthegifted?
a. extrinsicmotivation
b. levelofadjustment
c. persistence
d. siblingrivalry
22.Thepersonresponsibleforthedevelopmentanddesignofthefirstusefulindividualtestof
intelligenceis
a. Freud.
b. Terman.
c. Binet.
d. Wechsler.
23.Theitemsactuallyselectedforanintelligencetestprovidea(n)__________definitionof
intelligence.
a. functional
b. valid
c. reliable
d. operational
24.Speedofprocessinghasbeenmeasuredbywhichofthefollowingtechniques?
a. thenumberofmistakesapersonmakes
b. theamountoftimeapersonneedstoclaptheirhandswheninstructed
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c. thebrainactivitythatfollowsexposuretoastimulus
d. howquicklyapersoncanblinktheireyesafterbeingtoldtodoso
25.ThedistributionofIQscores
a. isapproximatelynormalorbellshaped.
b. showsthatmostpeoplescorebetween80and100.
c. revealsadifferenceintheaverageformenandwomen.
d. fallsoffabruptlyabove100.
26.Whenthesameproceduresareusedingivingatesttoallpeople,thetesthasbeen
a. validated.
b. normalized.
c. operationalized.
d. standardized.
27.Theterm"gfactor,"writtenaboutbyNeisser,refersto
a. generationfactors.
b. generalabilities.
c. Gardnerfactors.
d. groupfactors.
28.Thebestsummarystatementregardingtheroleofheredityonhumanintelligenceisthat
a. hereditymayimposeupperlimitsonintelligence.
b. hereditymayimposelowerlimitsonintelligence.
c. intelligenceisalmostcompletelyrelatedtogeneticinheritance.
d. thesimilarityinIQscoresamongmaternalrelativesisgreaterthanthat
amongpaternalrelatives.
29.Apsychologistadministersanintelligencetestto100fourthgraders.Onemonthlaterthe
psychologistreturnsandreadministersthetest.Thepsychologistisprobablyinterestedin
a. thevalidityofthetest.
b. anoperationaldefinitionof"intelligence."
c. thecreationofa"culturefair"test.
d. thereliabilityofthetest.
30.HowardGardnerhastheorizedallofthefollowingtypesofintelligenceEXCEPT
a. language.
b. creativity.
c. interpersonalskills.
d. intrapersonalskills.
31.TheStanfordBinetIntelligenceScale
a. wasspecificallydesignedtotestadultintelligence.
b. providesseparatescoresforperformanceintelligenceandverbal
intelligence.
c. iscompletelyculturallyfair,inthatchildrenofdifferentculturesdojustas
wellaschildreninthisculture.
d. assumesthatintellectualabilityinchildhoodimprovesasageincreases.
32.Whichformofretardationcanbecontrolledbyaspecialdiet?
a. microcephaly
b. hydrocephaly
c. PKU
d. Downsyndrome
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33.Sandraisbelownormalintelligencebutsheisabletotellyoutheexactdayoftheweekof
September13,1957.Shehas__________syndrome.
a. genius
b. savant
c. giftedness
d. calendarassessment
34.Ifonepsychologistadministersatestsimultaneouslytoseveralpeople,itmustbea
__________test.
a. reliable
b. individual
c. performance
d. group
35.Whenapersonoflimitedintelligenceshowsexceptionalabilitiesinart,music,mental
arithmetic,orcalendarcalculations,itiscalled
a. genius.
b. giftedness.
c. discalcula.
d. savantsyndrome.
36.IQmaybedefinedas
a. MA/CA100.
b. CA/MA100.
c. MA/100CA.
d. MAxCA100.
37.Ageneticallyinducedlackofanenzymethatisacauseofatypeofmentalretardation
describes
a. microcephaly.
b. cretinism.
c. hydrocephaly.
d. phenylketonuria.
38.Theaveragetwelveyearoldchildhasamentalageequalto
a. 100.
b. 120.
c. 10.
d. 12.
39.Billyhasamentalageof8andachronologicalageof10.Billy'sIQis
a. 108.
b. 125.
c. 80.
d. 92.
40.HowardGardnertheorizesthatthereare__________differentkindsofintelligence.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 8
d. 120
41.
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41.Crossculturalstudiesduringthelastthirtyyearsshow
a. virtuallynochangesinmeasuredintelligence.
b. IQgainsofabout5points.
c. evidenceofgeneticdrift.
d. IQgainsthataretypically15points.
42.Alargenumberofpeoplewereaskedtoansweronlytheoddnumberedquestionsonatest.
Later,theyareaskedtoansweronlytheevennumberedquestions.Bycomparingeachperson's
twoscores,adeterminationofthetest's__________reliabilitycouldbemade.
a. splithalf
b. equivalentform
c. testretest
d. alternativeform
43.Atestissaidtobereliableifit
a. measurestheskillitclaimstotest.
b. isunaffectedbyexternalfactorssuchasthetimeofadministration.
c. givesaboutthesamescoretoapersonwhengivenondifferentoccasions.
d. allowsonetocorrectlypredictwhowillbesuccessfulwhenplacedina
reallifesituation.
44.Helenatooka(n)__________testwhichindicatedthatshecouldexcelinteachingEnglishasa
secondlanguage.
a. intelligence
b. specialaptitude
c. multipleaptitude
d. achievement
45.Whichofthefollowingisanotherwordforreliability?
a. dependence
b. consistency
c. relevance
d. validity
46.Thecorrelationofintelligencetestscoresbetweenidenticaltwinsis
a. higherwhentheyareraisedtogetherthanwhentheyareraisedapart.
b. lowerthanthatforfraternaltwinsraisedtogether.
c. thesameasthatforanyotherbloodrelatives.
d. thesamewhethertheyarerearedtogetherorapart.
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Psychological Disorders
Name:
PsychologicalDisorders
MultipleChoice
1.Thechiefdistinguishingfeatureofpsychoticdisordersis
a. confusionoffantasyandreality.
b. antisocialconduct.
c. overwhelminganxiety.
d. obsessivebehavior.
2.Acommonformofmentaldisorderafflicting1020%ofthepopulationis
a. schizophrenia.
b. seniledementia.
c. depression.
d. delusionaldisorder.
3.BobhasnevermetMadonnabutheisconvincedthatsheisdeeplyinlovewithhim.Bobis
sufferingfrom
a. grandiosedelusions.
b. jealousdelusions.
c. obsessivecompulsivedisorder.
d. erotomanicdelusions.
4.Ifyoumetanindividualwhoappearedtobeverycharmingatfirst,butlateryoudiscovered
thatheorshemanipulatedpeople,causedothershurtwithoutasecondthought,andcouldnot
bedependedupon,youmightsuspecthimofbeing
a. dependent.
b. narcissistic.
c. paranoid.
d. antisocial.
5.AmuchfearedoutcomeofAlzheimer'sdiseaseis
a. functionalpsychosis.
b. paranoia.
c. generalparesis.
d. seniledementia.
6.Multiplepersonalityordissociativeidentitydisorderoftenbegins
a. asaresultofcombatexhaustion.
b. inadulthoodasaresponsetounremittingphobias.
c. asaconsequenceofposttraumaticstressdisorders.
d. inchildhoodasaresultofunbearableexperiences.
7.Apersonwhohasanextremelackofselfconfidenceandwhoallowsotherstorunhisorher
lifeissaidtohavea(n)__________personality.
a. dependent
b. narcissistic
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c. paranoid
d. antisocial
8.InsouthandeastAsia,amanmayexperienceKoro,whichis
a. schizophrenia.
b. insanity.
c. anxietyabouthispenisrecedingintohisbody.
d. depression.
9.Becausethereisconsiderableoverlapamongthetypesofschizophrenia,andbecausepatterns
ofbehaviorshiftovertime,manypatientsaresimplyclassifiedassufferingfrom__________
schizophrenia.
a. borderline
b. atypical
c. mixed
d. undifferentiated
10.Retreatfromrealitybyhallucinationsanddelusionsandbysocialwithdrawaltypically
characterizes
a. somatoformdisorders.
b. anxietydisorders.
c. psychoticdisorders.
d. personalitydisorders.
11.Personswhosufferfromparaphiliasarecategorizedashaving
b. generalizedanxiety.
c. sexualdisorders.
12.Whichofthefollowingisrelatedtorecentattemptstofindbiochemicalexplanationsfor
schizophrenia?
a. schizotaxin
b. psychotropin
c. dopamine
d. diazepam
13.Whichofthefollowingisonereasongiventhatmorewomenthanmenaretreatedfor
psychologicalproblems?
a. Womenaresubjecttogreaterstressthanmen.
b. Asaresultofculturalnorms,womenmaybemorewillingtoadmit
distress.
c. Someformsofmentaldisordersaresexlinkedrecessive.
d. Developmentaltasksrequiredofwomenarefarmoredifficultthanthose
requiredofmen.
14.TheFreudianexplanationofanxietydisordersemphasizes
a. theavoidanceparadox.
b. learnedhabitsofselfdefeatingbehavior.
c. forbiddenimpulsesthatthreatenalossofcontrol.
d. thedevelopmentofafaultyorinaccurateselfimageanddistortedself
perceptions.
15.Statisticalapproachestoabnormalitydefineas"abnormal"thosewho
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a. showevidenceoflossofcontactwithreality.
b. areunhappy,withdrawn,anddepressed.
c. deviatefromtypicaloraveragepatternsofbehavior.
d. aredisabledbyanxiety.
16.Arareconditioninwhichseparatepersonalitiesexistinthesamepersoniscalled
a. dissociativeidentitydisorder.
b. splitpersonality.
c. schizophrenia.
d. amnesia.
17.APETscaninvolvestheinjectionof
a. radioactivesugar.
b. iodine.
c. metalparticles.
d. xenongas.
18.Ifapersonsufferingfromschizophreniahasanidenticaltwin,thattwin
a. willhavea46percentchanceofbecomingschizophrenic.
b. willbenomorelikelythananyoneelsetobecomeschizophrenic.
c. isalmostsuretobecomeschizophrenic.
d. isalsolikelytohavemorethanonepersonality.
19.Themostseverepsychologicaldisorderisa(n)
a. personalitydisorder.
b. psychosomaticillness.
c. anxietydisorder.
d. psychosis.
20.Personswhoareexcessivelynarcissistic,dependent,orantisocialarecharacterizedashaving
b. generalizedanxiety.
c. conversionreactions.
21.Mooddisordersarethoseinwhichthepersonmay
a. experienceseveredepressionandthreatensuicide.
b. exhibitsymptomssuggestingphysicaldiseaseorinjurybutforwhichthere
isnoidentifiablecause.
c. exhibitbehaviorthatistheresultofanorganicbrainpathology.
d. experiencedelusionsandhallucinations.
22.Schizophreniaismostcommonlyfoundin
a. adolescents.
b. youngadults.
c. themiddleaged.
d. theelderly.
23.Thefamousrulingthatledtothepresentdaypleaof"notguiltybyreasonofinsanity"isthe
a. commonlawdefense.
b. Harrisondecision.
c. M'Naghtenrule.
d. Twinkiedefense.
24.
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24.
__________schizophrenicsshiftfromonepatternofschizophrenicbehaviortoanother.
a. Catatonic
b. Disorganized
c. Paranoid
d. Undifferentiated
25.DSMstandsfor
a. diagnosticscheduleofmedicine.
b. diagnosticandstatisticalmanual.
c. depressivescalemodalities.
d. doctorofsurgicalmedicine.
26.Conversiondisorderandhypochondriasisareclassifiedas
a. physiomentaldisorders.
b. somatoformdisorders.
c. psychosomaticdisorders.
d. somatizationdisorders.
27.Inmostanxietydisorders,theperson'sdistressis
a. focusedonaspecificsituation.
b. relatedtoordinarylifestresses.
c. greatlyoutofproportiontothesituation.
d. basedonaphysicalcause.
28.Anunusualstatecalled"waxyflexibility"issometimesobservedin__________
schizophrenia.
a. borderline
b. disorganized
c. catatonic
d. paranoid
29.Rogerhasbeenextremelyanxiousformuchofthepastyear,butcan'texplainwhy.Thereisa
goodchancethatheisexperiencing
a. ageneralizedanxietydisorder.
b. sociopathy.
c. psychosis.
d. anervousbreakdown.
30.Irrationalandveryspecificfearsthatpersistevenwhenthereisnorealdangertoapersonare
called
a. anxieties.
b. dissociation's.
c. phobias.
d. obsessions.
31.Insomecountries,itisnormaltodefecateorurinateinpublic.Thismakesitclearthat
judgmentsofthenormalityofbehaviorare
a. culturallyrelative.
b. statistical.
c. amatterofsubjectivediscomfort.
d. relatedtoconformity.
32.ThreeyearoldShawnateleadpaintwhichwaschippingoffthewallsinanolderhome.
Consequently,hedevelopedapsychosisbasedonbraindamageduetoleadpoisoning.Shawn's
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psychosiswouldbecalleda(n)
a. functionalpsychosis.
b. organicpsychosis.
c. neuralpsychosis.
d. neocorticalpsychosis.
33.Falsebeliefsthatareheldevenwhenthefactscontradictthemarecalled
a. fantasies.
b. hallucinations.
c. illusions.
d. delusions.
34.Jimisinaconstantstateofanxietyandalsohasbrief,suddenperiodsofpanic.Healso
believestheseperiodsofpanicwilloccurwhenhe'sinapubliclocationtherefore,Jimisafraid
toleavehishouse.Jim'sdiagnosisis
a. agoraphobia.
b. panicdisorder.
c. panicdisorderwithagoraphobia.
d. panicdisorderwithoutagoraphobia.
35.MarybelievesthatsheistheQueenofEngland.Sheishaving
a. depressivedelusions.
b. delusionsofgrandeur.
c. delusionsofreference.
d. delusionsofpersecution.
36.Trueparanoidsarerarelytreatedoradmittedtohospitalsbecause
a. theyarepotentiallyharmfulanddangeroustoothers.
b. theyresisttheattemptsofotherstoofferhelp.
c. theirseverehallucinationsmakereasoningwiththemimpossible.
d. psychiatrichospitalsareprimarilyforpsychotics.
37.Themostwidelyusedsystemofpsychologicalclassificationtodayis
a. theFreudianPsychoanalyticSystem(FPS).
b. foundintheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(DSM
IV).
c. thesystemdesignedbyEmilKraepelinandEugenBleuler.
d. tobefoundintheFederalUniformCodeofPsychopathology(UCP).
38.TheinsanitydefensedatesbacktotheEnglishcourts,whereitwasoriginallyheldthattobe
responsibleforanact,thedefendantmust
a. understandthewrongfulnessoftheact.
b. beinastateofdiminishedcapacity.
c. haveactedonanirresistibleimpulse.
d. beabletorecallthecriminalact.
39.Behavioristswouldsaythatselfdefeatingbehaviorsaremaintainedbyimmediate
reinforcementintheformof
a. relieffromanxiety.
b. defendingtheego.
c. protectingone'sselfimage.
d. avoidingexistentialanxiety.
Whenaperson'ssexualidentitydoesnotmatchhisorherphysicalgender,thediagnosisis
40.
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40.a. paraphilia.
b. sexualdysfunction.
c. genderidentitydisorder.
d. androgyny.
41.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatallmajorantipsychoticdrugs
a. blocktheactionofdopamine.
b. facilitatetheactionofdopamine.
c. increaselevelsofdopamine.
d. decreaselevelsofdopamine.
42.Aninabilitytobehaveinwaysthatfosterthewellbeingoftheindividualandultimatelyof
societydefines
a. insanity.
b. psychopathology.
c. selfdestructiveness.
d. socialnonconformity.
43.Discomfortinsocialsituations,fearofevaluation,andtimidityarecharacteristicofwhat
personalitydisorder?
a. histrionic
b. obsessivecompulsive
c. schizoid
d. avoidant
44.Thetermschizophreniacanbeinterpretedtomean
a. asplitbetweenthoughtandemotion.
b. havingmorethanonepersonality.
c. thesamethingasadissociativereaction.
d. thatapersonisinsane.
45.Carsonrecentlylosthisjobandhasagreatdebtaccumulatedfromgambling.Healsohasbeen
feelingextremepressureaboutnotbeingabletotakecareofhiseightchildren.Afterhaving
toomuchtodrink,Carsonranoverachildcrossingthestreet.Immediatelyfollowingthis
episode,Carsoncouldnotrememberwhohewas.Thisexampleillustrates
a. dissociativeamnesia.
b. dissociativefugue.
c. dissociativeidentitydisorder.
d. multiplepersonalitydisorder.
46.Apersonwhoexperiencesalongseriesofimaginedphysicalcomplaintssuffersfrom
a. aconversionreaction.
b. somatizationdisorder.
c. atraumaticdisorder.
d. anobsession.
47.WhenSarareturnedfromcombatintheGulfWar,shebeganexperiencinghighanxietythat
haspersistedwithoutanyimprovement.Thisexampleillustrateswhichanxietyrelated
disorder?
a. panic
b. posttraumaticstress
c. phobia
d. obsessivecompulsive
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48.Gregoryhasbeenhomelessforthepast3years.Thestressofbeinghomelessseemstohave
contributedtotheonsetofpsychosis.Thisexampleillustrateswhatriskfactorformental
disorders?
a. social
b. family
c. psychological
d. biological
49.Aresearcherseekinganorganicbasisforschizophreniawouldbewelladvisedtoinvestigate
theroleof
a. amphetaminesandamphetaminereceptors.
b. adrenalineandnoradrenaline.
c. histamineandantihistamine.
d. dopamineanddopaminereceptors.
50.Whichofthefollowingischaracteristicofadissociativedisorder?
a. phobicdisorder
b. amnesia
c. paranoia
d. depression
51.__________schizophreniausuallyinvolvesdelusionsofpersecutionandgrandeur.
a. Catatonic
b. Disorganized
c. Paranoid
d. Undifferentiated
52.Apsychosisarisingfromanadvancedstageofsyphilis,inwhichthediseaseattacksbraincells,
iscalled
a. Korsakoff'ssyndrome.
b. deliriumtremens.
c. schizotypicalpsychosis.
d. generalparesis.
53.Adisordercharacterizedbycontinuoustensionandoccasionalanxietyattacksinwhichpersons
thinktheyaregoinginsaneorareabouttodieiscalleda
a. panicdisorder.
b. phobia.
c. depressivepsychosis.
d. hystericalreaction.
54.Theextremereactionknownasfuguerefersto
a. physicalflighttoescapeconflict.
b. severedepression.
c. hallucinations.
d. obsessivebehavior.
55.Disorganizedschizophreniaischaracterizedby
a. attacksoffearorpanic.
b. silliness,laughter,andbizarrebehavior.
c. delusionsofpersecution.
d. severedepression.
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56.IntheUnitedStatesandLatinAmerica,Latinosusetheterm__________torefertochronic
psychosis.
a. mania
b. hispania
c. locura
d. agua
57.Theterm"nervousbreakdown"
a. referstoveryseverepsychoticbehaviorepisodes.
b. isalegal,notapsychological,term.
c. hasnoformalpsychologicalmeaning.
d. referstoasevere,buttransient,depression.
58.Psychologicaldependenceonmoodorbehavioralteringdrugsisknownas
a. drugpsychosis.
b. asubstancerelateddisorder.
c. anorthopsychosis.
d. apsychotropicdisorder.
59.Grace'sactionsresemblemoviestereotypesof"crazy"behavior.Herpersonalitydisintegration
isextreme.Sheengagesinsillylaughter,bizarremannerisms,andobscenebehavior.Her
diagnosisisprobably
a. paranoidschizophrenia.
b. borderlineschizophrenia.
c. catatonicschizophrenia.
d. disorganizedschizophrenia.
60.Whichofthefollowingisclassifiedasamooddisorder?
a. bipolardisorder
b. multiplepersonalitydisorder
c. delusionaldisorder
d. dissociativedisorder
61.CurrentresearchsuggeststhecauseofAlzheimer'sdiseaseis
a. brainpathology.
b. atraumaticchildhood.
c. inconsistentandineffectiveparenting.
d. persistentdelusionalthoughts.
62.Dysthymicdisorderandcyclothymicdisorderaretwovarietiesof
a. mooddisorder.
b. conversiondisorder.
c. schizophrenia.
d. somatoformdisorder.
63.Whichofthefollowingisadissociativedisorder?
a. depression
b. phobicdisorder
c. multiplepersonality
d. paranoia
64.Theantisocialpersonality
a. avoidsotherpeopleasmuchaspossible.
b. isrelativelyeasytotreateffectivelybypsychotherapy.
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c. tendstobeselfishandlackingremorse.
d. usuallygivesabadfirstimpression.
65.Beliefthatone'sbodyis"rotting"andravagedbydiseasewouldbeclassifiedas
a. somaticdelusions.
b. delusionsofgrandeur.
c. delusionsofinfluence.
d. delusionsofpersecution.
66.Thedistinctionbetweenobsessionsandcompulsionsisthedistinctionbetween
a. engaginginbehaviorsthataremerelyinconvenientandthosethatare
severelydisruptive.
b. havingpositiveandnegativefeelingstowardanobjectorevent.
c. thoughtsthatareevidenceofneurosisorthosethatareevidenceof
psychosis.
d. havingrepetitiousthoughtsorengaginginrepetitiousactions.
67.Hearingvoicesthatarenotreallytherewouldbecalleda(n)
a. hallucination.
b. delusion.
c. auditoryregression.
d. depressivepsychosis.
68.Behavioralproblemsinwhichthepersonexhibitssymptomssuggestingphysicaldiseaseor
injury,butforwhichthereisnoidentifiablecause,arecalled
a. mooddisorders.
b. schizophrenia.
c. organicbrainpathologies.
d. somatoformdisorders.
69.Mutism,stupor,andamarkeddecreaseinresponsivenesstotheenvironmentareoftenseenin
a. catatonicepisodes.
b. paranoidschizophrenia.
c. manicepisodes.
d. borderlineschizophrenia.
70.Obsessivecompulsivebehavior,panic,andphobiasareformallyclassifiedas__________
disorders.
a. psychotic
b. manic
c. anxiety
d. mood
71.Robertwasfoundwanderingnakedinthecampusparkinglot,proclaiminghimselftobe
"FatherTime."Heshowsevidenceofa(n)__________disorder.
a. anxiety
b. psychotic
c. personality
d. affective
72.Apersonwhomistrustsothersandishypersensitiveandguardedmaybeclassifiedasa(n)
__________personality.
a. dependent
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b. antisocial
c. narcissistic
d. paranoid
73.Delusionalthinkingischaracteristicof
a. psychosis.
b. obsessivecompulsivedisorder.
c. conversiondisorder.
d. fugue.
74."IbelieveAmanda'sanxietyanddefensivenessaretheresultofanunrealisticselfimageandan
inabilitytotakeresponsibilityforherfeelings."Thisstatementwouldmostlikelyhavebeen
madebya
a. psychodynamictheorist.
b. Freudiantherapist.
c. humanisticpsychologist.
d. behavioristictheorist.
75.Apersonwhoispreoccupiedwithfearsofhavingaseriousdiseasesuffersfrom
a. aconversionreaction.
b. hypochondriasis.
c. atraumaticdisorder.
d. anobsession.
76.Sensoryexperiencesthatoccurintheabsenceofastimulusarecalled
a. illusions.
b. hallucinations.
c. delusions.
d. affectepisodes.
77.Ingeneral,schizophreniaischaracterizedby
a. rapidandunpredictablechangesinemotion.
b. delusionsofpersecutionandsomaticcomplaints.
c. bluntedorinappropriateemotionsandwithdrawal.
d. highlevelsofanxietycoupledwithalackofconscience.
78.Onewhoisquiteconcernedwithorderliness,perfectionism,andarigidroutinemightbe
classifiedasa(n)__________personality.
a. histrionic
b. obsessivecompulsive
c. schizoid
d. avoidant
79.Irrationalactsapersonfeelsdriventorepeatarecalled__________.Theyhelpcontrolanxiety
causedby__________.
a. obsessionscompulsions
b. compulsionsobsessions
c. compulsionsdefensemechanisms
d. defensemechanismsobsessions
80.Suddentemporaryamnesiaorinstancesofmultiplepersonalityare__________disorders.
a. dissociative
b. anxiety
c. psychotic
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d. schizophrenic
81.Johnhasalackofinterestinfriendsorloversandexperiencesverylittleemotion.Hecanbe
describedashavingwhichofthefollowingpersonalitydisorders?
a. avoidant
b. schizoid
c. borderline
d. paranoid
82.Amnesia,fugue,andmultiplepersonalityareallclassifiedaswhichbehaviordisorder?
a. obsessivecompulsivedisorder
b. organicbrainsyndrome
c. affectivedisorder
d. dissociativedisorder
83.Obsessivecompulsivedisordersinvolve
a. lossofcontactwithreality.
b. unresolvedanger.
c. unresolvedOedipalconflict.
d. highlevelsofanxiety.
84.Whensadnessanddespondencyareexaggeratedorprolongedandanextremelynegativeself
imageprevails,wewouldsuspecta(n)
a. dissociativereaction.
b. mooddisorder.
c. somatoformdisorder.
d. anxietydisorder.
85.Thedopaminepsychosislinkisbasedontheobservationthat
a. lowdopaminelevelsofactivityinthebrainseemtoproducepsychotic
symptoms.
b. therearehighlevelsofdopamineactivityinthebrainsofpsychoticpeople.
c. therearehighlevelsofamphetamineinthebrainsofschizophrenics.
d. dopamineinteractswithserotonincreatingpsychosis.
86.Theantisocialpersonalityisonewho
a. isirresponsibleandseemstolackremorse.
b. isfrequentlydangerousandoutofcontactwithreality.
c. isalwaysadelinquentorcriminal.
d. benefitsgreatlyfromhumanisticandpsychoanalytictherapies.
87.Behavioralproblemscausedbysenility,drugdamage,braininjuryordisease,andthetoxic
effectsofpoisonsareclassifiedas__________disorders.
a. organic
b. psychotic
c. somatic
d. substanceuse
88.Whichofthefollowingpersonalitydisordersdescribesapersonwhohasanextremelyunstable
selfimage,ismoody,anddoesnotdevelopstablerelationships?
a. borderline
b. histrionic
c. narcissistic
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d. schizoid
89.Phobiasdifferfromordinaryfearsinthattheyfrequentlyinvolve
a. specificobjectsorsituations.
b. bugsandcrawlingthings.
c. intensereactionslikevomitingorfainting.
d. heightsandunfamiliarplaces.
90.Juliecan'tstopthinkingaboutgermsanddirt.Shespendsalldaycleaningherhouse.Sheis
sufferingfrom
a. phobicdisorder.
b. paranoia.
c. delusionaldisorder.
d. obsessivecompulsivedisorder.
91.Whichofthefollowingpersonalitydisordersdescribesapersonwhohasanexaggeratedsense
ofselfimportanceandwhoneedsconstantadmiration?
a. dependent
b. histrionic
c. narcissistic
d. schizoid
92.CTscansofthebrainsofsomeyoungschizophrenicsshow__________thannormal.
a. widerventricles
b. smallerfissures
c. smallerventricles
d. fewerfissures
93.Acorefeatureofallabnormalbehavioristhatitis
a. culturallyabsolute.
b. learned.
c. maladaptive.
d. dependentonage.
94.Themosteffectivemethodofpredictingthatamentalpatientwillcommitanactofviolenceis
by
a. psychologicaltests.
b. psychiatricinterviews.
c. psychologicalinterviews.
d. Thereisnoeffectivemethod.
95.FailureofhospitalstafftodetectfakepatientsinDavidRosenhan'sstudiescanbeattributedto
the
a. actingabilityofthepseudopatients.
b. generallylowqualityoftrainingofhospitalstaffmembers.
c. effectsoflabelingandcontext.
d. factthatpseudopatientsweresoheavilydrugged.
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Name:
Therapies
MultipleChoice
1.Freud'stheorywasbasedonthebeliefthatneuroseswerecausedby
a. repressedmemories,motives,andconflicts.
b. learnedmaladaptivebehaviors.
c. negativeselfregard.
d. destructiveinterpersonalrelationships.
2.Inaninstitutionfordelinquentadolescents,abehavioralsystemhasbeenimplementedin
whichtheadolescentsearnpointsfortargetbehaviorslikegettingupontime,makingbeds,
attendingclass,etc.Theyareallowedtoexchangetheirearnedpointsforprivileges,activities,
etc.Thissystemiscalled__________andisbasedon__________.
a. systematicdesensitizationgradualexposure.
b. timeoutextinction.
c. atokeneconomyreinforcement.
d. primaryreinforcementnonreward
3.Freudconsideredthedistinctionbetweenmanifestcontentandlatentcontentessentialfor
a. freeassociation.
b. dreamanalysis.
c. resistance.
d. transference.
4.Inpsychoanalysis,patientsavoidtalkingaboutcertainsubjects.Thisiscalled
a. avoidance.
b. transference.
c. analysis.
d. resistance.
5.Inpsychoanalysis,anemotionalattachmenttothetherapistthatsymbolicallyrepresentsother
importantrelationshipsiscalled
a. resistance.
b. transference.
c. identification.
d. empathy.
6.Aformoftherapythatencouragesonetobecomeawareofemotionsinthe"hereandnow"and
torebuildthinking,feeling,andactingintoconnectedwholesis
a. existentialtherapy.
b. Gestalttherapy.
c. transactionalanalysis.
d. nondirectivetherapy.
7.AccordingtoAaronBeck,negative,__________underliedepression.
a. unconsciousmotives
http://www.appsychology.com/HowPass/MC%20quizes/Therapies/therapies.htm
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b. unrealisticgoals
c. irrationalfears
d. selfdefeatingthoughts
8.__________isanytechniqueinvolvingsurgicalalterationofthebrain.
a. Ablationlesioning
b. Psychosurgery
c. DeepECT
d. Psychicsurgery
9.ApsychoanalystwhobelievesinthetheoriesofFreudwouldseepsychopathologyascaused
by
a. birthtrauma.
b. repressedsexualityandaggression.
c. bizarredreams.
d. immaturepersonalrelationships.
10.Aparentwhocopeswithquarrelingamongyoungchildrenbyplacingtheminseparaterooms
isusing
a. punishment.
b. reinforcement.
c. timeout.
d. shaping.
11.Ifignoringcausesachild'stempertantrumstocease,apsychologistwouldcallthiseffect
a. shaping.
b. punishment.
c. timeout.
d. extinction.
12.Whenelectricshockisusedtomakethesightandsmellofalcoholconditionedstimuliforan
aversionresponse,theelectricshockservesasthe
a. conditionedresponse.
b. unconditionedstimulus.
c. unconditionedresponse.
d. conditionedhierarchy.
13.Rolereversalandthemirrortechniqueareassociatedwith
a. Gestalttherapy.
b. psychodrama.
c. logotherapy.
d. psychoanalysis.
14.Theprefrontallobotomyhasbeenreplacedby
a. electroconvulsiveshock.
b. deeplesioningtechniques.
c. PETscans.
d. Xraytherapy.
15.Virtualrealityexposurerefersto
a. asexualdisorderinvolvingflashinginordertoshockandgetattention
b. havingapersonvividlyimaginedistressingimages
c. presentationoffearedstimuliinathreedimensional,computergenerated
world
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d. anotherformofroleplaying
16.Exorcismofteninvolved
a. religiouscatharsis.
b. boringaholeinthejaw.
c. theuseofphysicaltorture.
d. hypnotism.
17.Inrationalemotivetherapy,
a. clientsareencouragedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirownchoices.
b. clientslearntochallengeirrationalbeliefs.
c. thetherapistseekstohavetheclientdiscoverrationalinsightsonhisorher
own.
d. irrationalelementsoftheunconsciousaremadetoconformtoreality.
18.Themostappropriateuseofelectroconvulsivetherapyisasa
a. preferredmeansoftreatmentforallcasesofdepression.
b. preferredmeansoftreatmentfororganicpsychosesinwhichbrain
pathologyexists.
c. preferredmeansoftreatmentforantisocialdisorders.
d. lastresortafterothermethodshavefailedandthelikelihoodofself
destructivebehaviorisgreat.
19.Harriet,astudentnurse,wasatfirstextremelyuncomfortableatthesightofblood.Aftera
monthofexperienceworkingintheemergencyroom,sheisnolongerupsetwhenconfronted
withseriousinjuries.Harriethasundergone
a. timeout.
b. shaping.
c. desensitization.
d. trialanderrorlearning.
20.Aproblemwithaversiontherapyis
a. constructingarealistichierarchy.
b. transferoflearningtotherealworld.
c. identifyingandremovingrewards.
d. theoveruseofhabituation.
21.Whichisamythregardingpsychotherapy?
a. Psychotherapyprovidesacompletetransformationofthepsyche.
b. Chancesforimprovementaregoodwithphobias,somesexualproblems,
andmaritalconflicts.
c. Psychotherapydoesnotbringaboutdramaticchangesinbehavior.
d. Psychotherapy'smajorbenefitisthatitprovidesthepersoncomfortand
support.
22.Whenatherapistattemptstoseetheworldthroughtheclient'seyesandtofeelsomepartof
whatheorsheisfeeling,thetherapistisusing
a. authenticity.
b. empathy.
c. reflection.
d. egocentering.
23.Trepanning,oneofthemoreprimitivepracticesinvolvingboringaholeintotheskull,was
usedto
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a. release"evilspirits."
b. shockpatientsintoaremissionofsymptoms.
c. coerceandcontroldisruptivepatients.
d. punishthosewhohadcommittedcrimes.
24.Thekeyaspectofexistentialtherapyis
a. resolvingunconsciousconflicts.
b. eliminatingsymptoms.
c. believingyouarecapableofmakingchoicesaboutwhoyouwanttobe.
d. aholisticanalysis.
25.Theownerofachickenranchendsapetdog'shabitofstealingandeatingeggsbyallowingthe
dogto"find"andeatseveraleggslacedwithTabascosauce.Theranchowner'sapproachis
similarto
a. covertsensitization.
b. aversiontherapy.
c. implosivetherapy.
d. desensitizationtechniques.
26.Freudcalledwhichofthefollowingthe"royalroadtotheunconscious"?
a. analysisoftransference.
b. analysisofresistance.
c. dreamanalysis.
d. freeassociation.
27.Psychoanalysis,desensitization,realitytherapy,behaviortherapy,andclientcenteredtherapy
areallformsof
a. somatotherapy.
b. psychictherapy.
c. grouptherapy.
d. psychotherapy.
28.Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingtheuseofdrugsfortreatingschizophreniais
TRUE?
a. Thebestnewdrugsarecurealls.
b. Acombinationofmedicationandpsychotherapyalmostalwaysworksbest.
c. Drugsworkforallpeople.
d. Medicationworkseffectivelyfor90%ofthecases.
29.WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTlikelyoutcomeforpsychotherapy?
a. acompletepersonaltransformation
b. arenewalofintellectualandcreativeabilities
c. overcomingtheeffectsofearlypsychologicallydamagingexperiences
d. learningskillstobettercopewithstress
30.Thefirsttruepsychotherapywasdevelopedby__________aroundtheturnofthecenturyto
treatcasesof__________.
a. Freudhysteria
b. Pinelpsychosis
c. Eysenckneurosis
d. Bictrehysteria
31.Traditionalpsychoanalysiscanbeobjectivelycriticizedas
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a. requiringlargeamountsoftimeandmoney.
b. effectiveonlyintreatingpsychosis.
c. nobetterthannotreatmentatall.
d. placingtoomuchresponsibilityontheclient.
32.Whichofthefollowingisidentifiedwithclientcenteredtherapy?
a. providingadvice,settinggoals,andgivinginterpretations
b. dreamanalysis,transference,andanalysisofresistance
c. unconditionalpositiveregard,empathy,authenticity,andreflection
d. goalsetting,desensitization,modeling,andrecentering
33.Majortranquilizersarealsoknownas
a. stimulants.
b. energizers.
c. psychoactives.
d. antipsychotics.
34.Thepracticeofdrillingaholeinaperson'sheadtolettheevilspiritsoutiscalled
a. ECT.
b. envaraging.
c. subduralrelief.
d. trepanning.
35.Freudcalledhisformofpsychotherapy
a. hysteriatherapy.
b. somatotherapy.
c. psychoanalysis.
d. transferencetherapy.
36.Unconditionalpositiveregardispartofwhattherapy?
a. logotherapy
b. psychoanalysis
c. clientcenteredtherapy
d. Gestalttherapy
37.Humanetreatmentoftheemotionallydisturbedwasspearheadedby__________,who
personallyunchainedinmatesattheBictreAsylum.
a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Rogers
d. Frankl
38.Psychoanalysisistoinsightasbehaviortherapyisto
a. motivation.
b. action.
c. medical.
d. understanding.
39.Dr.Hochmanisatherapistwhotriestolendsupporttoclientswhoarehavinganemotional
crisisandwanttosolvedailylifeproblems.Hemostlikelypractices__________therapy.
a. insight
b. action
c. directive
d. supportive
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40.Whichofthefollowingpromotesmentalhealth?
a. identityconfusion
b. personalautonomy
c. lackofselfcontrol
d. TypeApersonality
41.Thebehavioraltechniquethathasbeenmosteffectiveintreatingdepressionis
a. aversiontherapy.
b. atokeneconomy.
c. cognitivetherapy.
d. covertsensitization.
42.Whichformoftherapyplacesresponsibilityforthecourseoftherapyontheclient?
a. insighttherapy
b. actiontherapy
c. directivetherapy
d. nondirectivetherapy
43.Tardivedyskinesiaisaneurologicaldisorderthatmaybecausedby
a. takingmajortranquilizersforextendedperiods.
b. anundersecretionofthebody'snaturaldopamine's.
c. alackofdopaminereceptorsinthelimbicsysteminthebrain.
d. abuseofamphetamines.
44.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyconsequenceofpunishment?
a. eliminationofthepunishedresponse
b. increaseinthefrequencyoftheresponse
c. suppressionofthepunishedresponse
d. nochangeintheimmediateorlongtermfrequencyoftheresponse
45.Inaversiontherapyaperson__________toassociateastrongaversionwithanundesirable
habit.
a. knows
b. learns
c. wants
d. hopes
46.Sayingwhatevercomestomind,evenifitseemssenseless,painful,orembarrassing,ispartof
theFreudiantechniqueknownas
a. unconditionalregard.
b. nondirectivetherapy.
c. freeassociation.
d. transactionalanalysis.
47.Theuseofclassicalconditioningtoalleviatehumanproblemsiscalled
a. radicaltherapy.
b. behaviormodification.
c. aversiontherapy.
d. reciprocalinhibition.
48.Ergotismrefersto
a. aprimitiveformofdrugtherapy.
b. aformofpossessionormadness.
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c. reactionstochemicalsfoundinafungus.
d. atreatmentdesignedtoexpandsensoryexperience.
49.Thedisappearanceofsymptomsduetothemerepassageoftimeistermed
a. spontaneousremission.
b. catharsis.
c. activeremediation.
d. reversal.
50.Behaviormodificationmightbeconsideredoptimisticbecauseitviewsmentaldisordersas
a. biochemicalimbalancesthatcanbebalanced.
b. learnedresponsesthatcanbeunlearned.
c. anexpressionofrepressedimpulsesthatcanbefreed.
d. theresultofonlytemporaryblockagestoanaturaltendencyforgrowth.
51.Thosewhodecidethatnoonewilleverlovethemagainbecausetheyhavebeenrejectedbya
"significantother"andare,therefore,unlovableareillustrating
a. allornothingthinking.
b. overgeneralization.
c. selectiveperception.
d. minimizingtheimportanceofanundesirableevent.
52.Carenahasabadhabitofbitingherfingernailsandpullingathercuticlesuntilherfingers
bleedandhavesores.Hertherapististeachingherhowtonotbiteandpickatherfingernails
usingvariouslearningprinciples.Hertherapistisusing
a. behaviortherapy.
b. humanistictherapy.
c. psychoanalysis.
d. logotherapy.
53.Thebasicassumptionofbehaviortherapyisthat
a. deepunderstandingofone'sproblemsleadstobehaviorchange.
b. pastexperiencesandemotionaltraumamustbeprobedbeforebehaviorcan
bechanged.
c. learnedresponsecausesproblems,therefore,behaviorcanbechangedby
relearning.
d. phobiascanbecreatedanddismantled.
54.CarlRogersisresponsiblefor
a. clientcenteredtherapy.
b. psychoanalysis.
c. directivetherapy.
d. existentialtherapy.
55.Behaviormodificationinvolves
a. applyingnondirectivetechniquessuchasunconditionalpositiveregardto
clients.
b. psychoanalyticapproachestospecificbehaviordisturbances.
c. theuseoflearningprinciplestochangebehavior.
d. theuseofinsighttherapytochangeupsettingthoughtsandbeliefs.
56.Theobviousandvisibleaspectsofadreamcompriseits
a. manifestcontent.
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b. lucidcontent.
c. consciouscore.
d. latentcontent.
57.Cognitivetherapistsareinterestedin
a. onlymaladaptiveactions.
b. unconsciousthoughtsofsexandaggression.
c. whatpeoplethink,believe,andfeel.
d. onlyvisiblebehaviors.
58.Accordingto__________,perception(awareness)becomesdisjointedandincompleteina
maladjustedperson.
a. logotherapists
b. existentialists
c. Gestalttherapists
d. Rogerians
59.Whichofthefollowingpsychotherapeutictechniquesismostlikelytobeusedbyaclient
centeredtherapist?
a. reflectionoffeelings
b. interpretationofunconsciousresistance
c. challengingtheclienttomakecourageouslifechoices
d. probingexperiencesofearlychildhood
60.Freud'smethodofpsychotherapystressed
a. bringinganendtoirrationalandselfdefeatinginternaldialogue.
b. unconditionalpositiveregardandempathy.
c. freeassociation,dreamanalysis,andtransference.
d. pharmacology.
61.Desensitizationisprimarilyusedto
a. alleviatephobiasandanxieties.
b. overcomedestructivehabits.
c. symbolicallyrewardpositivebehavior.
d. decreasefreefloatinganxiety.
62.Freeassociationisabasictechniquein
a. psychoanalysis.
b. actiontherapy.
c. logotherapy.
d. directivetherapy.
63.YourfriendKikicomestoyouwithapersonalproblem.Thefirstthingyoushoulddoto
counselheristo
a. giveheradviseonwhatsheshoulddo.
b. askclosedquestionstogethertalking.
c. tellherwhatyouwoulddoinhersituation.
d. activelylistentotrytoclarifytheproblem.
64.Theriskbenefitratiointreatingschizophreniarefersto
a. theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhospitalization.
b. thebenefitsofmedicationinalleviatingpsychoticsymptomsversusthe
adverseeffects.
c. boththeadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhospitalizationandthebenefits
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versustheadverseeffectsofmedication.
d. neithertheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhospitalizationnorbenefitsof
medicationversustheadverseeffects.
65.Averbalinteractionbetweenatrainedmentalhealthprofessionalandseveralclientsiscalled
a. psychoanalysis.
b. individualtherapy.
c. insighttherapy.
d. grouptherapy.
66.Electroconvulsivetherapy(ECT)ismostlikelytobeused,asalastresort,withwhichtypeof
problem?
a. hyperactivityandagitation
b. conversionreactions
c. paranoia
d. severedepressionthatdoesnotrespondtoanyothertreatment
67.Achildwhohasanintensefearofadogasaresultofsometraumaticexperienceinthedog's
presencewouldbeacandidatefor
a. aversiveconditioning.
b. punishmenttraining.
c. desensitization.
d. stimuluscontrol.
68.Thedrugsusedtocontrolhallucinationsandotherpsychoticsymptomsarecalled
a. antidepressants.
b. energizers.
c. minortranquilizers.
d. antipsychotics.
69.Accordingto__________,eachpersoncreateshisorherprivateworldbymakingchoicesin
ordertoconfrontandovercomefeelingsofmeaninglessnessandisolation.
a. existentialtherapists
b. Gestalttherapists
c. psychoanalysts
d. CarlRogers
70.Atherapistguidesaclientbygivinginstructions,interpretations,orsolutions,andbymaking
decisions.Thetherapist'sapproachcanbedescribedas__________therapy.
a. directive
b. action
c. nondirective
d. individual
71.Humanistictherapiesgenerallyemphasize
a. makingfulluseofone'spotential.
b. anindepthanalysisofunconsciousforceswithinthepersonality.
c. alterationoflongestablishedhabits.
d. thevalueofspontaneousremissions.
72.Freud'stheoryofdreamanalysisisbasedontheassumptionthatthetruemeaningofdreamsis
foundintheir
a. latentcontent.
b. manifestcontent.
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c. neuroticcontent.
d. consciouscore.
73.Regardingrationalemotivetherapy,itcanbesaidthat
a. criticssuggestthatitisreallyatypeofpsychoanalysis.
b. havingirrationalbeliefsisrelatedtofeelingsofunhappiness.
c. surrenderingone'sirrationalbeliefsisbestachievedbyoperantshaping.
d. mostirrationalbeliefsoccurattheunconsciouslevelandcan'tbestopped.
74.Frankconsidershimselftobeatotalfailureandaworthlesspersonbecausehefailedoneclass.
Frank'sbehaviorexemplifiesthedistortionofthinkingbehavioraltherapistscall
a. allornothingthinking.
b. magnification.
c. overgeneralization.
d. selectiveperception.
75.Acognitivetherapistisconcernedprimarilywithhelpingclientschangetheir
a. thinkingpatterns.
b. behaviors.
c. lifestyles.
d. habits.
76.Thetherapeutictechniqueofassociatingadiscomfortwithabadhabitisbasedonwhichtype
ofconditioning?
a. instrumental
b. classical
c. operant
d. token
77.Symbolicrewardsusedtoencouragepositivechangesinbehaviorarecalled
a. operants.
b. tokens.
c. chips.
d. strokes.
78.IfyougetpraisedbyyourparentsformakingA'sinyourcollegecourses,thegradesare
a. anexampleofstimuluscontrol.
b. anexampleoftimeout.
c. positivereinforcers.
d. situationallycontrolled.
79.Atherapeutictechniqueforpsychologicaldisordersthatproducesseizures,decreased
emotionalresponses,andevenstuporassideeffectsis
a. lobotomy.
b. chemotherapy.
c. hospitalization.
d. immunotherapy.
80.Inclientcenteredtherapy,thetroubledindividualis
a. askedtofreeassociatetobringhiddenconflictsintoawareness.
b. strippedofegodefensesandunrealisticbeliefs.
c. engagedinawarenesstrainingthroughuseofthe"hotseat,""emptychair,"
andrelatedtechniques.
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d. encouragedtoexploreconsciousthoughtsandfeelings.
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