PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

REF. NO.

: REIPL/11405

MANUAL CALCULATIONS FOR DESIGN OF REINFORCED EARTH WALL

I)

DEFINITIONS AND NOTATIONS :

24.0 kPa

Dp

H2

(Road crust)

Wr
Pqv

8.830 m

Wm

H1 Hm

1
0.3

Pq
Pqh
Pv

Soil - 1
1, 1

P
Ph

Soil - 2
2, 2

L = 6.2 m
Foundation : 3, c3 and 3
Figure : 1

R. E. Structure :
=
=

3
15.00 kN/m
3
13.50 kN/m

1 (Max.)

Unit weight of the fill

1 (Min.)

Unit weight of the fill

Wr

Angle of internal friction =

32 0
Weight of the road crust ( = 20kN/m3)

2 (Max.)

Unit weight of the fill

2 (Min.)

Unit weight of the fill

=
=

Angle of internal friction

K2
P
Pq

=
=
=
=

Inclination of earth pressure

Coefficient of active earth pressure
Earth pressure due to backfill
Earth pressure due to surcharge
=
Terrace slope
0

[Ref No. 1]

Angle of internal friction

Bore Hole No. 3

Unit weight of the soil

c3
qu

=
=

Cohesion
=
Ultimate bearing capacity

Backfill :
3

15.00 kN/m
3
13.50 kN/m
32

Foundation Soil :

DATE : 2/3/2012

SUBJECT :

=
=

3
0.00 kN/m
3
0.00 kN/m

0 kN/m

PAGE : 1 of 10

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

II)

REF. NO.

: REIPL/11405

DESIGN INPUT

x=
-3.87419
y = -11.185096
S = 3.6754E-17

Wall Geomerty
CROSS SECTION TYPE - RECTANGULAR

RE Backfill Height H1

8.230 m

Facing Height Hf

8.230 m

Free board Ht

0m

Coping height Hc

0m

Facing Thickness E

0.18 m

Slope height H2
Set back F
Slope angle
Terrace angle
Angle at Toe s

0.60 m
0m
90 0
00
00

RE Backfill :
Max. Dry density 1max

Min. Dry density 1min

15 kN/m
3
13.5 kN/m

Angle of internal friction 1

Coefficient of uniformity Cu

=
=
=
=

Mechanical ht. Hm

=
=

SOIL PROPERTIES

8.830 m

6.2 m
Economic ramification factor (f n)
=
1.1
GeoStrip length L (m)

Surcharge
Live load surcharge q =
Type
: Road traffic

General Backfill :
Max. Dry density 2
Angle of internal friction 2

24 kPa

Foundation Soil :
Max. Dry density f

Durability
Life of structure
Site Cond

:
:

100 Yrs
DRY

3
15 kN/m

(Pave) =
III)

H = 8.830

32
2

3
15 kN/m
32 0

3
0 kN/m

00
2
0 kN/m

Angle of internal friction f

Cohesion c

Depth of Pavement Dp

0.6 m

Df

0m

EXTERNAL STABILITY
a) Earth Pressure :
Inclination of Earth Pressure at back of RE Wall
=
=

(1.2 - L/H) 2 or 0.8(1 - 0.7L/H)1 (for = 90 )

13.02

Coefficient K2

(Figure 24, BS:8006)

(From coulomb)
2

K2 =
=
Ka1 =
=

DATE : 2/3/2012

(Cos 2) /Cos
[1 + {Sin (+) Sin (-) / Cos . Cos }1/2]2

0.281
2

(Cos 2) /Cos
[1 + {Sin (+) Sin (-) / Cos . Cos }1/2]2
0.307

K01 =
1 - Sin 1
=
0.470
SUBJECT :

PAGE : 2 of 10

reinforced earth

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

REF. NO.

: REIPL/11405

b) Vertical loads
Wr

=
=
=

Weight of Road Crust above RE mass

(Fp = 1.5; partial factor for loads, Table - 16, BS:8006)
Dp x x L x F p
Max.
83.70
kN/m
Min.
75.33
kN/m

Wm

=
=
=
=

Weight of RE block mass

H1 x 1 x L x Fp
Max.
1148.09 kN/m
Min.
1033.28 kN/m

Wq

=
=
=

Traffic load above RE mass

L x q x Fp
223.20 kN/m

Pqv

=
=
=
=

Vertical component of pressure due to surcharge behind RE mass

Pq Sin x Fp
(K2q) H Sin x Fp
20.13
kN/m

Pv

=
=
=

Vertical component of Earth pressure behind RE mass

2
K2 1/2 2 H Sin x Fp
55.554 kN/m

c) Horizontal Loads :
Pqh

=
=
=

Ph

=
=
=

DATE : 2/3/2012

SUBJECT :

Horizontal component of pressure due to surcharge behind RE mass

(K2q) H Cos x Fp
87.08
kN/m

Horizontal component of Earth pressure behind RE mass

2
K2 1/2 2 H Cos x Fp
240.30 kN/m

PAGE : 3 of 10

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

REF. NO.

: REIPL/11405

d) Claculation for resisting and driving moments :

CASE - A
Table - 1

(Fp : partial factor for loads, Table - 16, BS:8006, 1995)

Vertical FOS (Fp) Horizontal

loads taken for
Loads
Calc.
(kN/m)
(kN/m)

S. No.

Wr =

W m(max.) =

Lever Arm
(m)

Moment
(kNm/m)

83.70

1.5

3.10

259.47

1148.09

1.5

3.10

3559.06

Wq =

223.20

1.5

3.10

691.92

Pqv =

20.13

1.5

6.20

124.82

Pv =

55.55

Pqh =
Ph =

1.5

6.20

1.5

87.08

4.42

-384.48 8.31595

1.5
Rh =

240.30

2.94
M =

-707.28 2.94333

Rv = 1530.67

327.38

344.44

3887.96

Resulting force acts to a distance of the toe of the wall

M / Rv
x
=
=
2.540 m
Therefore, eccentricity = e = L/2 - x
=

0.560 m

Reference vertical stress at the base of the wall computed according to Meyerhof :
qreq
Rv / L-2e
=
=

CASE - B
Table - 2

301.31

kN/m2

(Fp : partial factor for loads, Table - 16, BS:8006, 1995)

Vertical FOS (Fp)

loads taken for
Calc.
(kN/m)

S. No.

Horizontal
Loads
(kN/m)

Lever Arm
(m)

Moment
(kNm/m)

W r (min) =

50.22

1.0

3.10

155.68

W m(min) =

688.85

1.0

3.10

2135.44

Wq =

0.00

0.0

3.10

0.00

Pqv =

20.13

1.5

6.20

124.82

Pv =

55.55

1.5

6.20

344.44

Pqh =
Ph =

1.5

87.08

4.42

-384.48

1.5
Rh =

240.30

2.94
M =

-707.28

Rv = 814.76

DATE : 2/3/2012

SUBJECT :

327.38

1668.63

PAGE : 4 of 10

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

REF. NO.

CASE - C
Table - 3

(Fp : partial factor for loads, Table - 16, BS:8006, 1995)

Vertical FOS (Fp) Horizontal

loads taken for
Loads
Calc.
(kN/m)
(kN/m)

S. No.

Wr =

W m(max.) =

Wq =

Pqv =

Pv =

Pqh =
Ph =

: REIPL/11405

Lever Arm
(m)

Moment
(kNm/m)

55.80

3.10

172.98

765.39

3.10

2372.71

3.10

0.00

6.20

0.00

6.20

229.62

4.42

0.00

37.04

Rv = 858.23

1
Rh =

160.20

160.20

2.94
M =

M
kNm/m
3887.96
1668.63
2303.79

e
m
0.560
1.052
0.416

-471.52

2303.79

Summary Table:
Table - 4

Case
A
B
C

Rv
Rh
kN/m
kN/m
1530.67 327.38
814.76 327.38
858.23 160.20

qref
kPa
301.31
198.92
159.86

e) Sliding on Base and Overturning

CASE - A
- Check for Sliding

Partial factor of safety for sliding (soil - to - soil) = 1.2 (Table - 16, BS 8006, 1995)

Rv tan 1
Rh

2.92

F.O.S. for Sliding at Base = Rv tan f + cL

Rh
(Slip in foundation)

0.00

2.43

0.00

F.O.S. for Sliding at Base =

(Slip in RE)

Over design F.O.S.

(Slip in RE)

Over design F.O.S.

(Slip in foundation)

- Check for Overturning

Rv tan 1
1.2Rh
Rv tan f + cL
1.2R h

Partial factor of safety for Overturning = 1.5

F.O.S. for Overturning at Toe

DATE : 2/3/2012

SUBJECT :

Resisting Moment (+ive)

Disturbing Moment (-ive)

4.56

PAGE : 5 of 10

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

REF. NO.

: REIPL/11405

Summary Table:
Table - 5
SlLIDING ON THE
BASE

Case
A

IV)

Over design factor

Slip in
Slip in
RE
found.
2.43
0.00

1.30

0.00

2.79

0.00

OVERTURNING

Minimum Value
Cohesion
0
( )
(kPa)
14.39
63.36
25.74
63.36
12.63
31.01

Overdesign
factor
3.04
1.69
3.92

Bearing Capacity Calculation :

qu = cNc + Dr Nq + 0.5 B N
and for c =
for =
for =
Df =

0
0
19
0

Therefore, qu = 0.5xxBx10.88

F.O.S. =

DATE : 2/3/2012

SUBJECT :

(From Terzaghi's bearing capacity equation)

2.13

N = 10.88

640.83 kN/m2 for B

6.20

HENCE SAFE

PAGE : 6 of 10

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

REF. NO.

IV)

: REIPL/11405

INTERNAL STABILITY
Typical calculation for tension in Strip
(Case-1 layer @
5.615 m below top of panel)

Wr

Pqv

Pq

zi

Pqh Pv

Wm

Ph

Hm

H1

Ko

(Road crust)

Dp

H2

Steel Strip
reinforcement
85%

0.3

Soil - 1
1, 1

Soil - 2
2, 2
Ka

6.2 m
Foundation : 3, c3 and 3

Variation of K with depth

(Refer BS 8006, 1995,
Fig.36, Page-76)

100%
Connection Strength (%)
(Refer BS 8006, 1995, Table25, Page-59)

Figure : 2

Calculation Width
a) Vertical loads

Wr

Wm

=
=
=

Wq

=
=
=
=

Pqv

=
=
=
=

Pv

3.00 m

Weight of Road Crust above RE mass

(Fp = 1.5; partial factor for loads,
Dp x x L x Fp
83.70
kN/m
Weight of RE block mass
zi x 1 x L x Fp
Max.
783.29
kN/m
Min.
704.96
kN/m
Traffic load above RE mass
L x q x Fp

Table - 16, BS:8006)

223.20
kN/m
Vertical component of pressure due to surcharge behind RE mass
Pq Sin x Fp

=
=

(K2q) zi Sin x Fp

Vertical component of Earth pressure behind RE mass

K2 1/2 2 zi2 Sin x Fp
27.52
kN/m

=
=
DATE : 2/3/2012

0.6Hm

6m

14.17

SUBJECT :

kN/m

PAGE : 7 of 10

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

REF. NO.

: REIPL/11405

b) Horizontal Loads :
Pqh

Ph

Horizontal component of pressure due to surcharge behind RE mass

=
=

(K2q) zi Cos x Fp

Horizontal component of Earth pressure behind RE mass

2
K2 1/2 2 zi Cos x Fp
119.05
kN/m

=
=

61.29

kN/m

c) Claculation for resisting and driving moments :

CASE - A
Table - 6

(Fp : partial factor for loads, Table - 16, BS:8006, 1995)

Vertical
loads
(kN/m)

S. No.

FOS (Fp)
taken for
Calc.

Horizontal
Loads
(kN/m)

Lever
Arm
(m)

Moment
(kNm/m)

Wr =

83.70

1.5

3.10

259.47

W m(max.) =

783.29

1.5

3.10

2428.21

Wq =

223.20

1.5

3.10

691.92

Pqv =

14.17

1.5

6.20

87.86

Pv =

27.52

1.5

6
7

Pqh =
Ph =

1.5
1.5
Rh =

Rv = 1131.88

61.29
119.05
180.34

6.20

170.64

3.11
2.07
M =

-190.47
-246.62

7.034352364
2.071666667

3201.00

Resulting force acts to a distance of the toe of the wall

M / Rv
x
=
=
2.828
m
Vertical pressure v =
=

Rv /2x
200.12

kPa

Hence horizontal pressure h

=
=

v x K0.93
61.49

kPa

Total Tension in synthetic strip

h x 4.0 x 0.93
=
=
138.35
kN
Tension per strip, Tmax
=
DATE : 2/3/2012

17.29

SUBJECT :

(See Figure - 2 and Table : 7)

(See Figure - 2 and Table : 7)

kN
PAGE : 8 of 10

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

REF. NO.

: REIPL/11405

Table - 7

Height from Top

(m)

Ki

Delta i
(m)

5.615

0.307

0.750

Number of
Force at Coefficient
strips
Adherence
Connection
(for 4.0m
of friction
Length
(in %)
width)
La
fo
8
88.89
0.500
4.89

Type of
Reinforcement
used

37.50

d) Calculations for Connection strength

Tension in strip at connection To
=
=

% Force x Tmax
15.37
kN

Residual strength of synthetic Strip (Tr) =

Residual strength of synthetic Strip at connection (Tro)

19.52 kN
19.52 kN

e) Calculations for F.O.S.

Over design factors (strip length) :
Tr/(Tmax x fn)
=
1.03
=
Over design factors (connection) :
Tro/(Tmax x fn)
=
=
1.15
Typical calculation for Adherence capacity
0.3 Hm

Refer BS 8006 : 1995, Fig. 40, Page 77)

f*o

zi
6.0m
H

Hm

Lo

La
1

0.3

0.4 Hm

Soil - 1
1, 1

Soil - 2
2, 2
tan1

0.2 Hm

Refer French Standard NF P 94-220 : 1992, Fig.

8)

Foundation : 3, c3 and 3
Figure -3 : Variation of coefficient of friction with depth

DATE : 2/3/2012

SUBJECT :

PAGE : 9 of 10

PROJECT : Construction of RE wall at RVNL site,Kolkata

reinforced earth

REF. NO.

: REIPL/11405

Coefficient of friction : f*

f*o

1.10

(See Figure - 3)

f*6+

=
=

0.8 tan 1
0.500

(See Figure - 3)

f*o = Friction factor at the "mechanical height" of the RE structure.

f*6+ = Friction factor at the 6.0m and greater depth below the "mechanical height" of the RE structure.
Weight of fill on 'Tail of Strip (La)'
Height of fill above strip on La
=
=

(See figure - 3)

zi + ai tan
6.215

Weight of fill on 'tail' of strip (La) W st

=
6.215 x La x 1max x 1.5
=
684.155 kN/m

Wq

=
=
=

Traffic load above Strip

La x q x Fp
176.13

Hence, Tf per strip for 37.5kN (49mm minimum design width)

=

DATE : 2/3/2012

[(W st + W q) x fo x 2 x 0.049]/1.3*1.1

Tf

29.47 kN

Tmax

17.29 kN

Tf / Tm

SUBJECT :

1.70

PAGE : 10 of 10

kN/m