(2013-II) 2da Practica - CuS (Funda II)

Cu(+2a) + H2S(a) = CuS + 2H(+a)
T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
H
kJ
-78.715
-79.514
-80.261
-80.969
-81.648
-82.300
-82.927
-83.531
-84.112
-84.671
-85.211
-85.734
-86.242
-86.736
-87.213
-87.674
-88.118
-88.547
-88.960
-89.356
-89.735
S
J/K
51.853
48.952
46.292
43.812
41.476
39.270
37.184
35.208
33.338
31.565
29.882
28.277
26.739
25.268
23.868
22.535
21.267
20.061
18.916
17.833
16.810
G
kJ
-92.878
-93.130
-93.368
-93.593
-93.807
-94.008
-94.199
-94.380
-94.552
-94.714
-94.868
-95.013
-95.150
-95.280
-95.403
-95.519
-95.629
-95.732
-95.829
-95.921
-96.008
K
5.790E+017
3.095E+017
1.682E+017
9.282E+016
5.203E+016
2.960E+016
1.708E+016
9.995E+015
5.928E+015
3.562E+015
2.167E+015
1.335E+015
8.315E+014
5.240E+014
3.339E+014
2.150E+014
1.399E+014
9.189E+013
6.096E+013
4.082E+013
2.758E+013
Cu(+2a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H(+a)

T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
H
kJ
-109.791
-108.499
-107.391
-106.427
-105.570
-104.792
-104.068
-103.380
-102.715
-102.062
-101.416
-100.776
-100.142
-99.506
-98.860
-98.202
S
J/K
80.676
85.365
89.311
92.688
95.637
98.270
100.678
102.927
105.069
107.137
109.151
111.119
113.036
114.930
116.826
118.729
G
kJ
-131.827
-132.243
-132.680
-133.135
-133.606
-134.091
-134.588
-135.097
-135.617
-136.148
-136.689
-137.239
-137.800
-138.370
-138.949
-139.538
K
1.628E+025
6.860E+024
3.009E+024
1.368E+024
6.433E+023
3.120E+023
1.557E+023
7.986E+022
4.201E+022
2.264E+022
1.249E+022
7.038E+021
4.050E+021
2.377E+021
1.421E+021
8.656E+020
80
85
90
95
100
-97.530
-96.840
-96.131
-95.399
-94.640
120.646
122.585
124.553
126.556
128.601
-140.136
-140.744
-141.362
-141.990
-142.628
5.363E+020
3.378E+020
2.162E+020
1.405E+020
9.271E+019
CuOH(+a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H2O

T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
H
kJ
-161.686
-154.627
-153.681
-152.816
-152.011
-151.249
-150.515
-149.800
-149.094
-148.392
-147.690
-146.987
-146.285
-145.578
-144.862
-144.134
-143.393
-142.638
-141.867
-141.077
-140.267
S
J/K
58.185
83.994
87.366
90.395
93.164
95.742
98.182
100.523
102.796
105.021
107.209
109.366
111.490
113.596
115.699
117.805
119.917
122.040
124.179
126.339
128.525
G
kJ
-177.579
-177.990
-178.419
-178.863
-179.322
-179.794
-180.279
-180.776
-181.284
-181.804
-182.335
-182.876
-183.428
-183.991
-184.564
-185.148
-185.742
-186.347
-186.963
-187.589
-188.226
K
9.150E+033
2.680E+033
8.257E+032
2.668E+032
9.015E+031
3.176E+031
1.164E+031
4.426E+030
1.744E+030
7.104E+029
2.988E+029
1.296E+029
5.783E+028
2.653E+028
1.250E+028
6.039E+027
2.989E+027
1.514E+027
7.843E+026
4.150E+026
2.242E+026
T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Cu(OH)3(-a) + HS(-a) + 2H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-270.040
22.182
-276.100
6.354E+052
-248.994
99.135
-276.568
8.748E+051
-246.057
109.599
-277.090
1.321E+051
-243.186
119.651
-277.663
2.177E+050
-240.361
129.372
-278.286
3.893E+049
-237.565
138.829
-278.957
7.518E+048
-234.785
148.075
-279.674
1.562E+048
35
-232.011
157.152
-280.437
3.475E+047
40
-229.234
166.090
-281.245
8.255E+046
45
-226.450
174.910
-282.098
2.086E+046
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-223.655
-220.848
-218.031
-215.197
-212.343
-209.467
-206.568
-203.645
-200.695
-197.717
-194.709
183.627
192.246
200.768
209.210
217.588
225.909
234.176
242.397
250.576
258.720
266.834
-282.994
-283.934
-284.916
-285.941
-287.008
-288.117
-289.267
-290.459
-291.691
-292.965
-294.279
5.592E+045
1.585E+045
4.740E+044
1.491E+044
4.924E+043
1.703E+043
6.156E+042
2.321E+042
9.114E+041
3.720E+041
1.575E+041
T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Cu(OH)3(-a) + S(-2a) + 3H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-318.671
105.890
-347.595
2.995E+066
-298.075
181.209
-348.478
2.800E+065
-295.391
190.771
-349.408
2.904E+064
-292.607
200.515
-350.386
3.325E+063
-289.731
210.411
-351.413
4.182E+062
-286.769
220.431
-352.490
5.754E+061
-283.726
230.551
-353.618
8.622E+060
-280.608
240.751
-354.796
1.402E+060
-277.421
251.011
-356.025
2.462E+059
-274.169
261.315
-357.306
4.659E+058
-270.855
271.648
-358.638
9.460E+057
55
-267.485
281.999
-360.022
2.055E+057
60
-264.061
292.354
-361.458
4.762E+056
65
-260.586
302.706
-362.946
1.174E+056
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-257.064
-253.497
-249.888
-246.238
-242.550
-238.826
-235.066
313.045
323.365
333.658
343.920
354.146
364.332
374.475
-364.485
-366.076
-367.719
-369.413
-371.158
-372.954
-374.801
3.069E+055
8.488E+054
2.478E+054
7.617E+053
2.460E+053
8.331E+052
2.952E+052
T
C
0
5
10
15
Cu(OH)4(-2a) + S(-2a) + 4H(+a) = CuS + 4H2O

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-374.732
190.064
-426.648
3.934E+081
-347.285
290.433
-428.069
2.483E+080
-343.749
303.032
-429.552
1.775E+079
-340.104
315.791
-431.099
1.427E+078
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-336.358
-332.517
-328.586
-324.572
-320.480
-316.314
-312.078
-307.776
-303.413
-298.990
-294.511
-289.978
-285.394
-280.761
-276.081
-271.355
-266.585
328.680
341.673
354.745
367.878
381.051
394.250
407.460
420.669
433.867
447.044
460.193
473.307
486.379
499.406
512.383
525.307
538.176
-432.710
-434.386
-436.127
-437.934
-439.806
-441.744
-443.749
-445.819
-447.955
-450.158
-452.426
-454.759
-457.159
-459.623
-462.153
-464.747
-467.406
1.284E+077
1.285E+076
1.425E+075
1.740E+074
2.331E+073
3.410E+072
5.425E+071
9.354E+070
1.741E+070
3.487E+069
7.489E+068
1.720E+068
4.210E+067
1.096E+067
3.023E+066
8.825E+065
2.718E+065
Log(K)
17.763
17.491
17.226
16.968
16.716
16.471
16.233
16.000
15.773
15.552
15.336
15.125
14.920
14.719
14.524
14.332
14.146
13.963
13.785
13.611
13.441
Log(K)
25.212
24.836
24.478
24.136
23.808
23.494
23.192
22.902
22.623
22.355
22.096
21.847
21.607
21.376
21.153
20.937
[H(+a)]
1.00E+00
3.16E-01
1.00E-01
3.16E-02
1.00E-02
3.16E-03
1.00E-03
3.16E-04
1.00E-04
3.16E-05
1.00E-05
3.16E-06
1.00E-06
3.16E-07
1.00E-07
3.16E-08
1.00E-08
3.16E-09
1.00E-09
3.16E-10
1.00E-10
3.16E-11
1.00E-11
3.16E-12
1.00E-12
3.16E-13
1.00E-13
3.16E-14
1.00E-14
3.16E-15
1.00E-15
3.16E-16
1.00E-16
3.16E-17
1.00E-17
3.16E-18
1.00E-18
3.16E-19
1.00E-19
3.16E-20
1.00E-20
pH
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.729
20.529
20.335
20.148
19.967
Diagram
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
Log(K)
33.961
33.428
32.917
32.426
31.955
31.502
31.066
30.646
30.241
29.851
29.475
29.112
28.762
28.424
28.097
27.781
27.476
27.180
26.894
26.618
26.351
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
% Concentracin
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0
Diagra
3H2O
Log(K)
0
52.803
51.942
51.121
50.338
49.590
48.876
48.194
0
-5
-10
-15
47.541
-20
46.917
-25
46.319
log[CuT]
-30
-35
-20
-25
45.748
45.200
44.676
44.174
43.692
43.231
42.789
42.366
41.960
41.570
41.197
log[CuT]
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
-65
3H2O
Log(K)
66.476
65.447
64.463
63.522
62.621
61.760
60.936
60.147
59.391
58.668
57.976
Diagra
0
1.000E+001
1.000E-004
1.000E-009
57.313
1.000E-014
56.678
1.000E-019
56.070
55.487
54.929
54.394
53.882
53.391
52.921
52.470
1.000E-024
log[CuT]
1.000E-029
1.000E-034
1.000E-039
1.000E-044
1.000E-049
4H2O
Log(K)
1.000E-054
81.595
80.395
79.249
78.154
1.000E-059
1.000E-064
1.000E-059
1.000E-064
77.108
76.109
75.154
74.241
73.367
72.533
71.734
70.971
70.241
69.542
68.874
68.235
67.624
67.040
66.480
65.946
65.434
H2S(a)/HS(-a)/S(-2a)
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
[Cu(+2a)]
3.379E-014
3.379E-015
3.379E-016
3.379E-017
3.379E-018
3.379E-019
3.379E-020
3.380E-021
3.382E-022
3.389E-023
3.411E-024
3.480E-025
3.699E-026
4.392E-027
6.584E-028
1.352E-028
3.543E-029
1.047E-029
3.239E-030
1.017E-030
3.209E-031
1.014E-031
3.206E-032
1.014E-032
3.206E-033
1.014E-033
3.205E-034
1.014E-034
3.205E-035
1.014E-035
3.205E-036
1.014E-036
3.205E-037
1.014E-037
3.205E-038
1.014E-038
3.205E-039
1.014E-039
3.205E-040
1.014E-040
3.205E-041
[CuOH(+a)]
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
3.149E-029
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
1.3301138E-046 7.78029628E-074
1.3301138E-045 7.78029628E-072
1.3301138E-044 7.78029628E-070
1.3301138E-043 7.78029628E-068
1.3301138E-042 7.78029628E-066
1.3301138E-041 7.78029628E-064
1.3301138E-040 7.78029628E-062
1.3301138E-039 7.78029628E-060
1.3301138E-038 7.78029628E-058
1.3301138E-037 7.78029628E-056
1.3301139E-036 7.78029628E-054
1.3301139E-035 7.78029628E-052
1.3301140E-034 7.78029628E-050
1.3301144E-033 7.78029628E-048
1.3301156E-032 7.78029628E-046
1.3301193E-031 7.78029628E-044
1.3301312E-030 7.78029628E-042
1.3301688E-029 7.78029628E-040
1.3302876E-028 7.78029628E-038
1.3306634E-027 7.78029628E-036
1.3318518E-026 7.78029628E-034
1.3356099E-025 7.78029628E-032
1.3474938E-024 7.78029628E-030
1.3850741E-023 7.78029628E-028
1.5039134E-022 7.78029628E-026
1.8797164E-021 7.78029628E-024
3.0681098E-020 7.78029628E-022
6.8261395E-019 7.78029628E-020
1.8710073E-017 7.78029628E-018
5.6290371E-016 7.78029628E-016
1.7512971E-014 7.78029628E-014
5.5093268E-013 7.78029628E-012
1.7393260E-011 7.78029628E-010
5.4973558E-010 7.78029628E-008
1.7381289E-008 7.78029628E-006
5.4961587E-007 0.0007780296
1.7380092E-005 0.0778029628
0.0005496039
7.7802962777
0.0173799725 778.0296277663
0.5496027012 77802.96277663
17.3799605633 7780296.277663
Diagrama de Predominancia
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
tracin
55%
[Cu(+2
50%
[CuOH
[Cu(OH
45%
[Cu(OH
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH
Diagrama de Bjerrum
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
log[Cu(+
log[CuOH
log[Cu(O
log[Cu(O
-20
-25
log[Cu(+
log[CuOH
-30
log[Cu(O
log[Cu(O
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
-65
pH
Diagrama de Bjerrum
0
10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1.000E+001
1.000E-004
1.000E-009
1.000E-014
1.000E-019
1.000E-024
[Cu(+2
[CuOH
1.000E-029
[Cu(OH
[Cu(OH
1.000E-034
1.000E-039
1.000E-044
1.000E-049
1.000E-054
1.000E-059
1.000E-064
pH
1.000E-059
1.000E-064
pH
[CuT]
3.379E-014
3.379E-015
3.379E-016
3.379E-017
3.379E-018
3.379E-019
3.379E-020
3.380E-021
3.382E-022
3.389E-023
3.411E-024
3.480E-025
3.702E-026
4.424E-027
6.899E-028
1.668E-028
6.825E-029
5.526E-029
1.678E-028
1.363E-027
1.335E-026
1.336E-025
1.348E-024
1.385E-023
1.505E-022
1.887E-021
3.146E-020
7.604E-019
2.649E-017
1.341E-015
9.532E-014
8.331E-012
7.954E-010
7.835E-008
7.798E-006
7.786E-004
7.782E-002
7.781E+000
7.780E+002
7.780E+004
7.780E+006
[Cu(+2a)]/[CuT]
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
9.999E-001
9.991E-001
9.929E-001
9.543E-001
8.104E-001
5.192E-001
1.895E-001
1.931E-002
7.461E-004
2.404E-005
7.590E-007
2.379E-008
7.318E-010
2.130E-011
5.370E-013
1.019E-014
1.333E-016
1.210E-018
7.559E-021
3.363E-023
1.217E-025
4.030E-028
1.294E-030
4.111E-033
1.302E-035
4.119E-038
1.303E-040
4.120E-043
1.303E-045
4.120E-048
[CuOH(+a)]/[CuT]
9.319E-016
9.319E-015
9.319E-014
9.319E-013
9.319E-012
9.319E-011
9.319E-010
9.317E-009
9.311E-008
9.292E-007
9.232E-006
9.047E-005
8.505E-004
7.118E-003
4.564E-002
1.888E-001
4.614E-001
5.698E-001
1.877E-001
2.310E-002
2.359E-003
2.357E-004
2.337E-005
2.273E-006
2.093E-007
1.668E-008
1.001E-009
4.141E-011
1.189E-012
2.348E-014
3.304E-016
3.780E-018
3.959E-020
4.019E-022
4.038E-024
4.044E-026
4.046E-028
4.047E-030
4.047E-032
4.047E-034
4.047E-036
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]/[CuT]
3.937E-033
3.937E-031
3.937E-029
3.937E-027
3.937E-025
3.937E-023
3.936E-021
3.936E-019
3.933E-017
3.925E-015
3.900E-013
3.822E-011
3.593E-009
3.007E-007
1.928E-005
7.976E-004
1.949E-002
2.407E-001
7.930E-001
9.762E-001
9.976E-001
9.998E-001
1.000E+000
9.999E-001
9.995E-001
9.959E-001
9.753E-001
8.977E-001
7.063E-001
4.198E-001
1.837E-001
6.613E-002
2.187E-002
7.016E-003
2.229E-003
7.059E-004
2.233E-004
7.064E-005
2.234E-005
7.064E-006
2.234E-006
Diagra
0
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
[Cu(+2a)]/[CuT]
[CuOH(+a)]/[CuT]
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]/[CuT]
-25
log[CuT]
-30
-35
[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]/[CuT]
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
-65
-70
-75
-80
17 18 19 20
18
15
Diagra
19
20
10
-5
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
log[CuT]
-10
-15
-5
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[CuT]
log[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Diagra
0
7 18 19 20
[Cu(+2a)]
[CuOH(+a)]
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
log[CuT]
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23
-24
-25
-26
-27
-28
-29
-27
-28
-29
2.303E-060
2.303E-057
2.303E-054
2.303E-051
2.303E-048
2.303E-045
2.302E-042
2.302E-039
2.301E-036
2.296E-033
2.281E-030
2.235E-027
2.101E-024
1.759E-021
1.128E-018
4.665E-016
1.140E-013
1.408E-011
4.638E-010
5.708E-009
5.828E-008
5.824E-007
5.774E-006
5.617E-005
5.171E-004
4.122E-003
2.473E-002
1.023E-001
2.937E-001
5.802E-001
8.163E-001
9.339E-001
9.781E-001
9.930E-001
9.978E-001
9.993E-001
9.998E-001
9.999E-001
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
log[CuT]
-13.4712435322
-14.4712434431
-15.4712431614
-16.4712422704
-17.4712394532
-18.4712305442
-19.4712023727
-20.4711132959
-21.4708317058
-22.469942191
-23.4671387613
-24.4583666089
-25.4315108394
-26.3541943096
-27.1611983233
-27.7778694812
-28.1658858283
-28.2575552502
-27.7753215223
-26.8654504219
-25.8745080615
-24.8742174248
-23.8704605606
-22.8585016126
-21.8225524545
-20.7241137924
-19.5022533303
-18.1189482315
-16.5769119865
-14.872592813
-13.0208344949
-11.07929093
-9.0994019164
-7.1059460424
-5.1080347268
-3.1086971784
-1.1089068601
0.8910268131
2.8910058368
4.8909992033
6.8909971056
log[Cu(+2a)]
-13.4712435322
-14.4712434431
-15.4712431614
-16.4712422704
-17.4712394532
-18.4712305443
-19.4712023731
-20.4711133
-21.4708317462
-22.4699425945
-23.4671427706
-24.4584059021
-25.4318803515
-26.3572966832
-27.181494847
-27.8691720841
-28.4505853535
-28.9798670436
-29.4895532415
-29.9926617982
-30.4936494588
-30.9939622526
-31.4940612135
-31.9940925124
-32.4941024105
-32.9941055406
-33.4941065304
-33.9941068434
-34.4941069424
-34.9941069737
-35.4941069836
-35.9941069867
-36.4941069877
-36.994106988
-37.4941069881
-37.9941069882
-38.4941069882
-38.9941069882
-39.4941069882
-39.9941069882
-40.4941069882
log[CuOH(+a)]
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
-28.5018531289
Diagrama de Solubilidad
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
log[CuT
log[Cu(
log[CuO
log[Cu(
log[Cu(
ECA A1
pH
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
log[C
ECA A
log[C
ECA A
pH
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
log[C
ECA
pH
pH
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
-45.87611119
-44.87611119
-43.87611119
-42.87611119
-41.8761111899
-40.8761111899
-39.8761111899
-38.8761111898
-37.8761111894
-36.8761111882
-35.8761111843
-34.876111172
-33.8761111332
-32.8761110105
-31.8761106225
-30.8761093955
-29.8761055153
-28.8760932453
-27.8760544465
-26.8759317767
-25.8755440886
-24.8743203839
-23.8704732269
-22.8585269949
-21.8227771638
-20.7259076692
-19.5131291083
-18.1658248397
-16.7279245165
-15.2495658917
-13.756640181
-12.258901464
-10.7596190017
-9.2598461541
-7.7599180107
-6.2599407362
-4.7599479229
-3.2599501955
-1.7599509142
-0.2599511415
1.2400487867
log[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
-73.1090038645
-71.1090038645
-69.1090038645
-67.1090038645
-65.1090038645
-63.1090038645
-61.1090038645
-59.1090038645
-57.1090038645
-55.1090038645
-53.1090038645
-51.1090038645
-49.1090038645
-47.1090038645
-45.1090038645
-43.1090038645
-41.1090038645
-39.1090038645
-37.1090038645
-35.1090038645
-33.1090038645
-31.1090038645
-29.1090038645
-27.1090038645
-25.1090038645
-23.1090038645
-21.1090038645
-19.1090038645
-17.1090038645
-15.1090038645
-13.1090038645
-11.1090038645
-9.1090038645
-7.1090038645
-5.1090038645
-3.1090038645
-1.1090038645
0.8909961355
2.8909961355
4.8909961355
6.8909961355
log([Cu(+2a)]/[CuT])
-3.857309866213E-016
-4.050175359524E-015
-4.050175359524E-014
-4.047282377126E-013
-4.047378809890E-012
-4.047267912401E-011
-4.047003206208E-010
-0.000000004
-4.043550844685E-008
-4.035279090401E-007
-4.009331505718E-006
-3.929322013258E-005
-0.000369512
-0.0031023736
-0.0202965237
-0.0913026029
-0.2846995252
-0.7223117934
-1.7142317193
-3.1272113763
-4.6191413974
-6.1197448277
-7.6236006529
-9.1355908998
-10.671549956
-12.2699917482
-13.9918532001
-15.8751586119
-17.9171949559
-20.1215141607
-22.4732724887
-24.9148160567
-27.3947050713
-29.8881609456
-32.3860722613
-34.8854098097
-37.3852001281
-39.8851338013
-42.385112825
-44.8851061915
-47.3851040938
log([CuOH(+a)]/[CuT])
-15.0306095967
-14.0306096858
-13.0306099675
-12.0306108584
-11.0306136757
-10.0306225846
-9.0306507562
-8.0307398329
-7.0310214231
-6.0319109379
-5.0347143676
-4.0434865199
-3.0703422894
-2.1476588193
-1.3406548055
-0.7239836476
-0.3359673005
-0.2442978787
-0.7265316066
-1.636402707
-2.6273450674
-3.627635704
-4.6313925682
-5.6433515162
-6.6793006744
-7.7777393365
-8.9995997986
-10.3829048973
-11.9249411424
-13.6292603159
-15.481018634
-17.4225621988
-19.4024512124
-21.3959070864
-23.3938184021
-25.3931559504
-27.3929462688
-29.392879942
-31.3928589657
-33.3928523322
-35.3928502345
ECA Cu
mg/L
mg/L
17
18
19
ECA Mn
mol/L
mol/L
20
ECA Mn
log[mol/L]
log[mol/L]
log[CuT]
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
17
18
19
20
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
Para este caso, el rango de

No es necesario elevar el p
est dentro del rango perm
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
15
16
17
18
Observamos en la grfica a
el pH=8,4. Respecto a nues
conveniente llegar a este m
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
log([Cu(OH)3(-a)]/[CuT])
log([Cu(OH)4(-2a)]/[CuT])
-32.4048676578
-30.4048677469
-28.4048680286
-26.4048689195
-24.4048717368
-22.4048806457
-20.4049088172
-18.4049978938
-16.4052794836
-14.4061689972
-12.408972423
-10.4177445631
-8.4446002938
-6.5219167009
-4.7149122992
-3.0982399142
-1.7102196869
-0.6185379951
-0.1007329242
-0.0104813548
-0.0010360272
-0.0001029591
-1.26662807525204E-005
-2.53822684688684E-005
-0.0002247093
-0.0017938769
-0.010875778
-0.0468766082
-0.15101253
-0.3769730787
-0.7358056861
-1.1796105339
-1.6602170853
-2.1539001116
-2.6518832839
-3.1512435577
-3.6510410628
-4.1509770087
-4.650956751
-5.1509503448
-5.6509483189
-59.6377603324
-56.6377604215
-53.6377607032
-50.6377615941
-47.6377644114
-44.6377733203
-41.6378014919
-38.6378905686
-35.6381721587
-32.6390616736
-29.6418651033
-26.6506372556
-23.6774930251
-20.754809555
-17.9478055412
-15.3311343833
-12.9431180362
-10.8514486144
-9.3336823423
-8.2435534427
-7.2344958031
-6.2347864397
-5.2385433039
-4.2505022519
-3.28645141
-2.3848900722
-1.6067505342
-0.990055633
-0.5320918781
-0.2364110516
-0.0881693697
-0.0297129345
-0.0096019481
-0.0030578221
-0.0009691377
-0.0003066861
-9.70044705945794E-005
-3.06776890689973E-005
-9.70135531293524E-006
-3.06785974201144E-006
-9.70144615106007E-007
A1
A2
A3
2
2
2
A1
A2
A3
3.15E-05
3.15E-05
3.15E-05
A1
A2
A3
-4.50202
-4.50202
-4.50202
aso, el rango de pH permisible es enorme (de 0 o quizs menos a 17,2).

sario elevar el pH o analizar mucho este caso, dado que el pH fluctuante
del rango permisible (6 a 8).
s en la grfica adjunta que existe un mnimo log[CuT]=-28,3 cuando

Respecto a nuestra anterior conclusin, podemos decir que es
te llegar a este mnimo (utilizando rocas carbonatadas).
os a 17,2).
H fluctuante
cuando
Cu(+2a) + H2S(a) = CuS + 2H(+a)

T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
H
kJ
-78.715
-79.514
-80.261
-80.969
-81.648
-82.300
-82.927
-83.531
-84.112
-84.671
-85.211
-85.734
-86.242
-86.736
-87.213
-87.674
-88.118
-88.547
-88.960
-89.356
-89.735
S
J/K
51.853
48.952
46.292
43.812
41.476
39.270
37.184
35.208
33.338
31.565
29.882
28.277
26.739
25.268
23.868
22.535
21.267
20.061
18.916
17.833
16.810
G
kJ
-92.878
-93.130
-93.368
-93.593
-93.807
-94.008
-94.199
-94.380
-94.552
-94.714
-94.868
-95.013
-95.150
-95.280
-95.403
-95.519
-95.629
-95.732
-95.829
-95.921
-96.008
K
5.790E+017
3.095E+017
1.682E+017
9.282E+016
5.203E+016
2.960E+016
1.708E+016
9.995E+015
5.928E+015
3.562E+015
2.167E+015
1.335E+015
8.315E+014
5.240E+014
3.339E+014
2.150E+014
1.399E+014
9.189E+013
6.096E+013
4.082E+013
2.758E+013
Cu(+2a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H(+a)

T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
H
kJ
-109.791
-108.499
-107.391
-106.427
-105.570
-104.792
-104.068
-103.380
-102.715
-102.062
-101.416
-100.776
-100.142
-99.506
-98.860
-98.202
S
J/K
80.676
85.365
89.311
92.688
95.637
98.270
100.678
102.927
105.069
107.137
109.151
111.119
113.036
114.930
116.826
118.729
G
kJ
-131.827
-132.243
-132.680
-133.135
-133.606
-134.091
-134.588
-135.097
-135.617
-136.148
-136.689
-137.239
-137.800
-138.370
-138.949
-139.538
K
1.628E+025
6.860E+024
3.009E+024
1.368E+024
6.433E+023
3.120E+023
1.557E+023
7.986E+022
4.201E+022
2.264E+022
1.249E+022
7.038E+021
4.050E+021
2.377E+021
1.421E+021
8.656E+020
80
85
90
95
100
-97.530
-96.840
-96.131
-95.399
-94.640
120.646
122.585
124.553
126.556
128.601
-140.136
-140.744
-141.362
-141.990
-142.628
5.363E+020
3.378E+020
2.162E+020
1.405E+020
9.271E+019

T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
H
kJ
-161.686
-154.627
-153.681
-152.816
-152.011
-151.249
-150.515
-149.800
-149.094
-148.392
-147.690
-146.987
-146.285
-145.578
-144.862
-144.134
-143.393
-142.638
-141.867
-141.077
-140.267
S
J/K
58.185
83.994
87.366
90.395
93.164
95.742
98.182
100.523
102.796
105.021
107.209
109.366
111.490
113.596
115.699
117.805
119.917
122.040
124.179
126.339
128.525
G
kJ
-177.579
-177.990
-178.419
-178.863
-179.322
-179.794
-180.279
-180.776
-181.284
-181.804
-182.335
-182.876
-183.428
-183.991
-184.564
-185.148
-185.742
-186.347
-186.963
-187.589
-188.226
K
9.150E+033
2.680E+033
8.257E+032
2.668E+032
9.015E+031
3.176E+031
1.164E+031
4.426E+030
1.744E+030
7.104E+029
2.988E+029
1.296E+029
5.783E+028
2.653E+028
1.250E+028
6.039E+027
2.989E+027
1.514E+027
7.843E+026
4.150E+026
2.242E+026
T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-270.040
22.182
-276.100
6.354E+052
-248.994
99.135
-276.568
8.748E+051
-246.057
109.599
-277.090
1.321E+051
-243.186
119.651
-277.663
2.177E+050
-240.361
129.372
-278.286
3.893E+049
-237.565
138.829
-278.957
7.518E+048
-234.785
148.075
-279.674
1.562E+048
35
-232.011
157.152
-280.437
3.475E+047
40
-229.234
166.090
-281.245
8.255E+046
45
-226.450
174.910
-282.098
2.086E+046
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-223.655
-220.848
-218.031
-215.197
-212.343
-209.467
-206.568
-203.645
-200.695
-197.717
-194.709
183.627
192.246
200.768
209.210
217.588
225.909
234.176
242.397
250.576
258.720
266.834
-282.994
-283.934
-284.916
-285.941
-287.008
-288.117
-289.267
-290.459
-291.691
-292.965
-294.279
5.592E+045
1.585E+045
4.740E+044
1.491E+044
4.924E+043
1.703E+043
6.156E+042
2.321E+042
9.114E+041
3.720E+041
1.575E+041
T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Cu(OH)3(-a) + S(-2a) + 3H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-318.671
105.890
-347.595
2.995E+066
-298.075
181.209
-348.478
2.800E+065
-295.391
190.771
-349.408
2.904E+064
-292.607
200.515
-350.386
3.325E+063
-289.731
210.411
-351.413
4.182E+062
-286.769
220.431
-352.490
5.754E+061
-283.726
230.551
-353.618
8.622E+060
-280.608
240.751
-354.796
1.402E+060
-277.421
251.011
-356.025
2.462E+059
-274.169
261.315
-357.306
4.659E+058
-270.855
271.648
-358.638
9.460E+057
55
-267.485
281.999
-360.022
2.055E+057
60
-264.061
292.354
-361.458
4.762E+056
65
-260.586
302.706
-362.946
1.174E+056
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-257.064
-253.497
-249.888
-246.238
-242.550
-238.826
-235.066
313.045
323.365
333.658
343.920
354.146
364.332
374.475
-364.485
-366.076
-367.719
-369.413
-371.158
-372.954
-374.801
3.069E+055
8.488E+054
2.478E+054
7.617E+053
2.460E+053
8.331E+052
2.952E+052
T
C
0
5
10
15
Cu(OH)4(-2a) + S(-2a) + 4H(+a) = CuS + 4H2O

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-374.732
190.064
-426.648
3.934E+081
-347.285
290.433
-428.069
2.483E+080
-343.749
303.032
-429.552
1.775E+079
-340.104
315.791
-431.099
1.427E+078
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-336.358
-332.517
-328.586
-324.572
-320.480
-316.314
-312.078
-307.776
-303.413
-298.990
-294.511
-289.978
-285.394
-280.761
-276.081
-271.355
-266.585
328.680
341.673
354.745
367.878
381.051
394.250
407.460
420.669
433.867
447.044
460.193
473.307
486.379
499.406
512.383
525.307
538.176
-432.710
-434.386
-436.127
-437.934
-439.806
-441.744
-443.749
-445.819
-447.955
-450.158
-452.426
-454.759
-457.159
-459.623
-462.153
-464.747
-467.406
1.284E+077
1.285E+076
1.425E+075
1.740E+074
2.331E+073
3.410E+072
5.425E+071
9.354E+070
1.741E+070
3.487E+069
7.489E+068
1.720E+068
4.210E+067
1.096E+067
3.023E+066
8.825E+065
2.718E+065
Log(K)
17.763
17.491
17.226
16.968
16.716
16.471
16.233
16.000
15.773
15.552
15.336
15.125
14.920
14.719
14.524
14.332
14.146
13.963
13.785
13.611
13.441
Log(K)
25.212
24.836
24.478
24.136
23.808
23.494
23.192
22.902
22.623
22.355
22.096
21.847
21.607
21.376
21.153
20.937
[H(+a)]
1.00E+00
3.16E-01
1.00E-01
3.16E-02
1.00E-02
3.16E-03
1.00E-03
3.16E-04
1.00E-04
3.16E-05
1.00E-05
3.16E-06
1.00E-06
3.16E-07
1.00E-07
3.16E-08
1.00E-08
3.16E-09
1.00E-09
3.16E-10
1.00E-10
3.16E-11
1.00E-11
3.16E-12
1.00E-12
3.16E-13
1.00E-13
3.16E-14
1.00E-14
3.16E-15
1.00E-15
3.16E-16
1.00E-16
3.16E-17
1.00E-17
3.16E-18
1.00E-18
3.16E-19
1.00E-19
3.16E-20
1.00E-20
pH
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
Diagram
100%
20.729
20.529
20.335
20.148
19.967
Diagram
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
Log(K)
33.961
33.428
32.917
32.426
31.955
31.502
31.066
30.646
30.241
29.851
29.475
29.112
28.762
28.424
28.097
27.781
27.476
27.180
26.894
26.618
26.351
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
% Concentracin
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0
Diagra
3H2O
Log(K)
0
0
52.803
51.942
51.121
50.338
49.590
48.876
48.194
-5
-10
-15
-20
47.541
46.917
-25
46.319
-30
log[CuT]
-35
-40
-20
-25
-30
45.748
45.200
44.676
44.174
43.692
43.231
42.789
42.366
41.960
41.570
41.197
log[CuT]
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
-65
-70
3H2O
Log(K)
66.476
65.447
64.463
63.522
62.621
61.760
60.936
60.147
59.391
58.668
57.976
Diagra
0
1.000E+001
1.000E-004
1.000E-009
57.313
1.000E-014
56.678
1.000E-019
56.070
55.487
54.929
54.394
53.882
53.391
52.921
52.470
1.000E-024
log[CuT]
1.000E-029
1.000E-034
1.000E-039
1.000E-044
1.000E-049
4H2O
Log(K)
1.000E-054
81.595
80.395
79.249
78.154
1.000E-059
1.000E-064
1.000E-059
1.000E-064
77.108
76.109
75.154
74.241
73.367
72.533
71.734
70.971
70.241
69.542
68.874
68.235
67.624
67.040
66.480
65.946
65.434
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
[Cu(+2a)]
3.231E-015
3.231E-016
3.231E-017
3.231E-018
3.231E-019
3.231E-020
3.231E-021
3.232E-022
3.233E-023
3.236E-024
3.246E-025
3.277E-026
3.377E-027
3.692E-028
4.689E-029
7.841E-030
1.781E-030
4.933E-031
1.490E-031
4.642E-032
1.461E-032
4.613E-033
1.458E-033
4.610E-034
1.458E-034
4.610E-035
1.458E-035
4.609E-036
1.458E-036
4.609E-037
1.458E-037
4.609E-038
1.458E-038
4.609E-039
1.458E-039
4.609E-040
1.458E-040
4.609E-041
1.458E-041
4.609E-042
1.458E-042
[CuOH(+a)]
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
3.732E-031
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
1.1431801E-049 4.02691741E-078
1.1431801E-048 4.02691741E-076
1.1431801E-047 4.02691741E-074
1.1431801E-046 4.02691741E-072
1.1431801E-045 4.02691741E-070
1.1431801E-044 4.02691741E-068
1.1431801E-043 4.02691741E-066
1.1431801E-042 4.02691741E-064
1.1431801E-041 4.02691741E-062
1.1431801E-040 4.02691741E-060
1.1431801E-039 4.02691741E-058
1.1431801E-038 4.02691741E-056
1.1431802E-037 4.02691741E-054
1.1431802E-036 4.02691741E-052
1.1431805E-035 4.02691741E-050
1.1431812E-034 4.02691741E-048
1.1431837E-033 4.02691741E-046
1.1431914E-032 4.02691741E-044
1.1432158E-031 4.02691741E-042
1.1432931E-030 4.02691741E-040
1.1435373E-029 4.02691741E-038
1.1443095E-028 4.02691741E-036
1.1467515E-027 4.02691741E-034
1.1544737E-026 4.02691741E-032
1.1788936E-025 4.02691741E-030
1.2561162E-024 4.02691741E-028
1.5003153E-023 4.02691741E-026
2.2725407E-022 4.02691741E-024
4.7145318E-021 4.02691741E-022
1.2436786E-019 4.02691741E-020
3.6856697E-018 4.02691741E-018
1.1407924E-016 4.02691741E-016
3.5827835E-015 4.02691741E-014
1.1305037E-013 4.02691741E-012
3.5724949E-012 4.02691741E-010
1.1294749E-010 4.02691741E-008
3.5714660E-009 4.02691741E-006
1.1293720E-007 0.0004026917
3.5713631E-006 0.0402691741
0.0001129362
4.0269174078
0.0035713528 402.6917407759
100%
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
ntracin
55%
[Cu(+
50%
[CuOH
[Cu(O
45%
[Cu(O
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH
Diagrama de Bjerrum
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
log[Cu(+
log[CuO
log[Cu(O
log[Cu(O
-20
-25
log[Cu(+
-30
log[CuO
log[Cu(O
-35
log[Cu(O
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
-65
-70
pH
Diagrama de Bjerrum
0
10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1.000E+001
1.000E-004
1.000E-009
1.000E-014
1.000E-019
1.000E-024
[Cu(+
[CuO
1.000E-029
[Cu(O
[Cu(O
1.000E-034
1.000E-039
1.000E-044
1.000E-049
1.000E-054
1.000E-059
1.000E-064
pH
1.000E-059
1.000E-064
pH
[CuT]
3.231E-015
3.231E-016
3.231E-017
3.231E-018
3.231E-019
3.231E-020
3.231E-021
3.232E-022
3.233E-023
3.236E-024
3.246E-025
3.277E-026
3.377E-027
3.696E-028
4.726E-029
8.214E-030
2.155E-030
8.779E-031
6.365E-031
1.563E-030
1.182E-029
1.148E-028
1.147E-027
1.155E-026
1.179E-025
1.257E-024
1.504E-023
2.313E-022
5.117E-021
1.646E-019
7.713E-018
5.168E-016
4.385E-014
4.140E-012
4.063E-010
4.038E-008
4.030E-006
4.028E-004
4.027E-002
4.027E+000
4.027E+002
[Cu(+2a)]/[CuT]
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
9.999E-001
9.990E-001
9.921E-001
9.546E-001
8.263E-001
5.619E-001
2.341E-001
2.970E-002
1.236E-003
4.018E-005
1.271E-006
3.993E-008
1.236E-009
3.668E-011
9.690E-013
1.993E-014
2.849E-016
2.800E-018
1.890E-020
8.920E-023
3.324E-025
1.113E-027
3.588E-030
1.141E-032
3.617E-035
1.144E-037
3.619E-040
1.145E-042
3.620E-045
[CuOH(+a)]/[CuT]
1.155E-016
1.155E-015
1.155E-014
1.155E-013
1.155E-012
1.155E-011
1.155E-010
1.155E-009
1.154E-008
1.153E-007
1.150E-006
1.139E-005
1.105E-004
1.010E-003
7.897E-003
4.543E-002
1.732E-001
4.251E-001
5.863E-001
2.388E-001
3.156E-002
3.251E-003
3.253E-004
3.232E-005
3.165E-006
2.970E-007
2.481E-008
1.614E-009
7.293E-011
2.267E-012
4.839E-014
7.222E-016
8.510E-018
9.014E-020
9.186E-022
9.242E-024
9.259E-026
9.265E-028
9.267E-030
9.267E-032
9.267E-034
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]/[CuT]
3.538E-035
3.538E-033
3.538E-031
3.538E-029
3.538E-027
3.538E-025
3.538E-023
3.538E-021
3.536E-019
3.533E-017
3.522E-015
3.488E-013
3.385E-011
3.093E-009
2.419E-007
1.392E-005
5.305E-004
1.302E-002
1.796E-001
7.315E-001
9.672E-001
9.967E-001
9.997E-001
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
9.997E-001
9.973E-001
9.826E-001
9.213E-001
7.554E-001
4.779E-001
2.208E-001
8.170E-002
2.731E-002
8.794E-003
2.797E-003
8.861E-004
2.804E-004
8.868E-005
2.804E-005
8.869E-006
Diagra
0
Diagra
0
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
[Cu(+2a)]/[CuT]
[CuOH(+a)]/[CuT]
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]/[CuT]
-30
log[CuT]
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
-65
-70
-75
-80
-85
17 18 19 20
Diagra
18
19
20
0
5
-5
-10
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
log[CuT]
-15
17 18 19
-10
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[CuT]
log[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Diagra
0
20
[Cu(+2a)]
[CuOH(+a)]
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
log[CuT]
1.246E-063
1.246E-060
1.246E-057
1.246E-054
1.246E-051
1.246E-048
1.246E-045
1.246E-042
1.246E-039
1.245E-036
1.241E-033
1.229E-030
1.192E-027
1.090E-024
8.521E-022
4.903E-019
1.869E-016
4.587E-014
6.327E-012
2.577E-010
3.406E-009
3.508E-008
3.510E-007
3.488E-006
3.416E-005
3.205E-004
2.677E-003
1.741E-002
7.869E-002
2.446E-001
5.221E-001
7.792E-001
9.183E-001
9.727E-001
9.912E-001
9.972E-001
9.991E-001
9.997E-001
9.999E-001
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
log[CuT]
-14.4906533825
-15.4906533402
-16.4906532062
-17.4906527826
-18.4906514429
-19.4906472065
-20.49063381
-21.4905914491
-22.4904575161
-23.4900342239
-24.4886980575
-25.484496538
-26.4714419795
-27.4322971551
-28.3255026601
-29.0854524889
-29.6665345546
-30.0565630217
-30.1961948456
-29.8060678315
-28.9272659248
-27.9400249853
-26.9403886794
-25.9376003772
-24.9285091679
-23.9008308578
-22.8226533499
-21.6358600697
-20.2909656104
-18.7834724721
-17.1127999178
-15.2867018848
-13.3580110148
-11.3830030386
-9.3911914079
-7.3938108682
-5.3946422734
-3.3949054944
-1.394988763
0.6049849021
2.6049765739
log[Cu(+2a)]
-14.4906533825
-15.4906533402
-16.4906532062
-17.4906527826
-18.4906514429
-19.4906472065
-20.49063381
-21.4905914496
-22.4904575212
-23.4900342739
-24.4886985569
-25.4845014835
-26.4714899731
-27.4327359232
-28.3289457916
-29.1056530701
-29.749395954
-30.3069247445
-30.8268259657
-31.3333139275
-31.8353859377
-32.3360432275
-32.836251288
-33.3363171032
-33.8363379179
-34.3363445003
-34.8363465819
-35.3363472401
-35.8363474483
-36.3363475141
-36.8363475349
-37.3363475415
-37.8363475436
-38.3363475442
-38.8363475445
-39.3363475445
-39.8363475445
-40.3363475445
-40.8363475445
-41.3363475445
-41.8363475445
log[CuOH(+a)]
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
-30.4280670906
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
log[Cu
log[Cu
log[Cu
log[Cu
log[Cu
ECA A
pH
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
log[C
ECA
log[C
ECA
pH
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
log[C
ECA
pH
pH
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
-48.941885338
-47.941885338
-46.941885338
-45.941885338
-44.941885338
-43.941885338
-42.941885338
-41.941885338
-40.9418853379
-39.9418853376
-38.9418853366
-37.9418853337
-36.9418853244
-35.9418852951
-34.9418852023
-33.941884909
-32.9418839812
-31.9418810476
-30.9418717706
-29.9418424357
-28.9417496834
-27.9414565054
-26.9405306953
-25.937615948
-24.9285253778
-23.9009701927
-22.8238174661
-21.6434883334
-20.32656143
-18.9052918462
-17.4334835875
-15.9427933931
-14.4457794356
-12.946727994
-11.4470283862
-9.9471234218
-8.447153479
-6.9471629844
-5.4471659903
-3.9471669408
-2.4471672414
17
18
19
20
log[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
-77.3950272777
-75.3950272777
-73.3950272777
-71.3950272777
-69.3950272777
-67.3950272777
-65.3950272777
-63.3950272777
-61.3950272777
-59.3950272777
-57.3950272777
-55.3950272777
-53.3950272777
-51.3950272777
-49.3950272777
-47.3950272777
-45.3950272777
-43.3950272777
-41.3950272777
-39.3950272777
-37.3950272777
-35.3950272777
-33.3950272777
-31.3950272777
-29.3950272777
-27.3950272777
-25.3950272777
-23.3950272777
-21.3950272777
-19.3950272777
-17.3950272777
-15.3950272777
-13.3950272777
-11.3950272777
-9.3950272777
-7.3950272777
-5.3950272777
-3.3950272777
-1.3950272777
0.6049727223
2.6049727223
-4.821637332766E-017
-5.303801066043E-016
-5.062719199405E-015
-5.014502826077E-014
-5.015949317280E-013
-5.016045750053E-012
-5.015925209380E-011
-5.015435815797E-010
-0.000000005
-5.009005050104E-008
-4.993620443132E-007
-4.945568764278E-006
-4.799360024973E-005
-0.0004387681
-0.0034431315
-0.0202005812
-0.0828613994
-0.2503617228
-0.6306311201
-1.5272460959
-2.9081200129
-4.3960182422
-5.8958626086
-7.398716726
-8.90782875
-10.4355136425
-12.013693232
-13.7004871704
-15.5453818379
-17.552875042
-19.7235476171
-22.0496456567
-24.4783365288
-26.9533445057
-29.4451561365
-31.9425366764
-34.4417052712
-36.9414420501
-39.4413587815
-41.9413324466
-44.4413241185
-15.9374137081
-14.9374137504
-13.9374138844
-12.937414308
-11.9374156477
-10.9374198841
-9.9374332806
-8.9374756415
-7.9376095745
-6.9380328667
-5.9393690331
-4.9435705526
-3.9566251111
-2.9957699355
-2.1025644305
-1.3426146017
-0.761532536
-0.3715040689
-0.231872245
-0.6219992591
-1.5008011658
-2.4880421053
-3.4876784112
-4.4904667134
-5.4995579227
-6.5272362328
-7.6054137407
-8.7922070209
-10.1371014802
-11.6445946185
-13.3152671728
-15.1413652058
-17.0700560758
-19.045064052
-21.0368756827
-23.0342562224
-25.0334248172
-27.0331615962
-29.0330783276
-31.0330519927
-33.0330436645
ECA Cu
mg/L
mg/L
17
18
19
20
ECA Mn
mol/L
mol/L
ECA Mn
log[mol/L]
log[mol/L]
log[CuT]
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[Cu(OH)4(-2a)]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
16
17
18
19
20
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
Para este caso, el rango de

No es necesario elevar el p
est dentro del rango perm
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
16
17
18
19
Observamos en la grfica a
el pH=8,9. Respecto a nues
conveniente llegar a este m
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
log([Cu(OH)4(-2a)]/[CuT])
-34.4512319555
-32.4512319978
-30.4512321318
-28.4512325555
-26.4512338951
-24.4512381315
-22.451251528
-20.4512938889
-18.4514278217
-16.4518511137
-14.4531872791
-12.4573887957
-10.4704433449
-8.50958814
-6.6163825422
-4.8564324201
-3.2753494267
-1.8853180258
-0.745676925
-0.1357746041
-0.0144837586
-0.0014315201
-0.0001420159
-1.55708267627637E-005
-1.62098686641304E-005
-0.0001393349
-0.0011641162
-0.0076282636
-0.0355958197
-0.1218193741
-0.3206836697
-0.6560915083
-1.0877684209
-1.5637249554
-2.0558369783
-2.5533125536
-3.0525112056
-3.55225749
-4.0521772273
-4.5521518429
-5.0521438153
-62.9043738952
-59.9043739375
-56.9043740715
-53.9043744951
-50.9043758348
-47.9043800712
-44.9043934677
-41.9044358286
-38.9045697616
-35.9049930538
-32.9063292202
-29.9105307397
-26.9235852982
-23.9627301226
-21.0695246176
-18.3095747888
-15.7284927231
-13.338464256
-11.1988324321
-9.5889594462
-8.4677613529
-7.4550022924
-6.4546385983
-5.4574269005
-4.4665181098
-3.4941964199
-2.5723739278
-1.759167208
-1.1040616673
-0.6115548056
-0.2822273599
-0.1083253929
-0.0370162629
-0.0120242391
-0.0038358698
-0.0012164095
-0.0003850043
-0.0001217833
-3.85146841997976E-005
-1.21797551644637E-005
-3.85161103015222E-006
A1
A2
A3
2
2
2
A1
A2
A3
3.15E-05
3.15E-05
3.15E-05
A1
A2
A3
-4.50202
-4.50202
-4.50202


os a 18,2).
H fluctuante
cuando
Cu(+2a) + H2S(a) = CuS + 2H(+a)

T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
H
kJ
-78.715
-79.514
-80.261
-80.969
-81.648
-82.300
-82.927
-83.531
-84.112
-84.671
-85.211
-85.734
-86.242
-86.736
-87.213
-87.674
-88.118
-88.547
-88.960
-89.356
-89.735
S
J/K
51.853
48.952
46.292
43.812
41.476
39.270
37.184
35.208
33.338
31.565
29.882
28.277
26.739
25.268
23.868
22.535
21.267
20.061
18.916
17.833
16.810
G
kJ
-92.878
-93.130
-93.368
-93.593
-93.807
-94.008
-94.199
-94.380
-94.552
-94.714
-94.868
-95.013
-95.150
-95.280
-95.403
-95.519
-95.629
-95.732
-95.829
-95.921
-96.008
K
5.790E+017
3.095E+017
1.682E+017
9.282E+016
5.203E+016
2.960E+016
1.708E+016
9.995E+015
5.928E+015
3.562E+015
2.167E+015
1.335E+015
8.315E+014
5.240E+014
3.339E+014
2.150E+014
1.399E+014
9.189E+013
6.096E+013
4.082E+013
2.758E+013
Cu(+2a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H(+a)

T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
H
kJ
-109.791
-108.499
-107.391
-106.427
-105.570
-104.792
-104.068
-103.380
-102.715
-102.062
-101.416
-100.776
-100.142
-99.506
-98.860
-98.202
S
J/K
80.676
85.365
89.311
92.688
95.637
98.270
100.678
102.927
105.069
107.137
109.151
111.119
113.036
114.930
116.826
118.729
G
kJ
-131.827
-132.243
-132.680
-133.135
-133.606
-134.091
-134.588
-135.097
-135.617
-136.148
-136.689
-137.239
-137.800
-138.370
-138.949
-139.538
K
1.628E+025
6.860E+024
3.009E+024
1.368E+024
6.433E+023
3.120E+023
1.557E+023
7.986E+022
4.201E+022
2.264E+022
1.249E+022
7.038E+021
4.050E+021
2.377E+021
1.421E+021
8.656E+020
80
85
90
95
100
-97.530
-96.840
-96.131
-95.399
-94.640
120.646
122.585
124.553
126.556
128.601
-140.136
-140.744
-141.362
-141.990
-142.628
5.363E+020
3.378E+020
2.162E+020
1.405E+020
9.271E+019

T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
H
kJ
-161.686
-154.627
-153.681
-152.816
-152.011
-151.249
-150.515
-149.800
-149.094
-148.392
-147.690
-146.987
-146.285
-145.578
-144.862
-144.134
-143.393
-142.638
-141.867
-141.077
-140.267
S
J/K
58.185
83.994
87.366
90.395
93.164
95.742
98.182
100.523
102.796
105.021
107.209
109.366
111.490
113.596
115.699
117.805
119.917
122.040
124.179
126.339
128.525
G
kJ
-177.579
-177.990
-178.419
-178.863
-179.322
-179.794
-180.279
-180.776
-181.284
-181.804
-182.335
-182.876
-183.428
-183.991
-184.564
-185.148
-185.742
-186.347
-186.963
-187.589
-188.226
K
9.150E+033
2.680E+033
8.257E+032
2.668E+032
9.015E+031
3.176E+031
1.164E+031
4.426E+030
1.744E+030
7.104E+029
2.988E+029
1.296E+029
5.783E+028
2.653E+028
1.250E+028
6.039E+027
2.989E+027
1.514E+027
7.843E+026
4.150E+026
2.242E+026
T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-270.040
22.182
-276.100
6.354E+052
-248.994
99.135
-276.568
8.748E+051
-246.057
109.599
-277.090
1.321E+051
-243.186
119.651
-277.663
2.177E+050
-240.361
129.372
-278.286
3.893E+049
-237.565
138.829
-278.957
7.518E+048
-234.785
148.075
-279.674
1.562E+048
35
-232.011
157.152
-280.437
3.475E+047
40
-229.234
166.090
-281.245
8.255E+046
45
-226.450
174.910
-282.098
2.086E+046
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-223.655
-220.848
-218.031
-215.197
-212.343
-209.467
-206.568
-203.645
-200.695
-197.717
-194.709
183.627
192.246
200.768
209.210
217.588
225.909
234.176
242.397
250.576
258.720
266.834
-282.994
-283.934
-284.916
-285.941
-287.008
-288.117
-289.267
-290.459
-291.691
-292.965
-294.279
5.592E+045
1.585E+045
4.740E+044
1.491E+044
4.924E+043
1.703E+043
6.156E+042
2.321E+042
9.114E+041
3.720E+041
1.575E+041
T
C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Cu(OH)3(-a) + S(-2a) + 3H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-318.671
105.890
-347.595
2.995E+066
-298.075
181.209
-348.478
2.800E+065
-295.391
190.771
-349.408
2.904E+064
-292.607
200.515
-350.386
3.325E+063
-289.731
210.411
-351.413
4.182E+062
-286.769
220.431
-352.490
5.754E+061
-283.726
230.551
-353.618
8.622E+060
-280.608
240.751
-354.796
1.402E+060
-277.421
251.011
-356.025
2.462E+059
-274.169
261.315
-357.306
4.659E+058
-270.855
271.648
-358.638
9.460E+057
55
-267.485
281.999
-360.022
2.055E+057
60
-264.061
292.354
-361.458
4.762E+056
65
-260.586
302.706
-362.946
1.174E+056
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-257.064
-253.497
-249.888
-246.238
-242.550
-238.826
-235.066
313.045
323.365
333.658
343.920
354.146
364.332
374.475
-364.485
-366.076
-367.719
-369.413
-371.158
-372.954
-374.801
3.069E+055
8.488E+054
2.478E+054
7.617E+053
2.460E+053
8.331E+052
2.952E+052
T
C
0
5
10
15
CuO2(-2a) + S(-2a) + 4H(+a) = CuS + 2H2O

K
H
S
G
kJ
J/K
kJ
-376.129
223.065
-437.060
3.856E+083
-360.970
278.461
-438.424
2.187E+082
-357.975
289.135
-439.843
1.405E+081
-355.083
299.257
-441.314
1.015E+080
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-352.257
-349.466
-346.684
-343.893
-341.080
-338.237
-335.362
-332.455
-329.522
-326.555
-323.547
-320.497
-317.406
-314.271
-311.092
-307.867
-304.593
308.980
318.423
327.676
336.807
345.863
354.868
363.836
372.763
381.634
390.473
399.303
408.126
416.942
425.755
434.570
443.391
452.224
-442.835
-444.404
-446.019
-447.680
-449.387
-451.139
-452.935
-454.777
-456.663
-458.593
-460.568
-462.586
-464.649
-466.756
-468.906
-471.101
-473.340
8.178E+078
7.314E+077
7.215E+076
7.812E+075
9.241E+074
1.189E+074
1.658E+073
2.495E+072
4.038E+071
7.008E+070
1.300E+070
2.569E+069
5.398E+068
1.202E+068
2.831E+067
7.037E+066
1.841E+066
Log(K)
17.763
17.491
17.226
16.968
16.716
16.471
16.233
16.000
15.773
15.552
15.336
15.125
14.920
14.719
14.524
14.332
14.146
13.963
13.785
13.611
13.441
Log(K)
25.212
24.836
24.478
24.136
23.808
23.494
23.192
22.902
22.623
22.355
22.096
21.847
21.607
21.376
21.153
20.937
[H(+a)]
1.00E+00
3.16E-01
1.00E-01
3.16E-02
1.00E-02
3.16E-03
1.00E-03
3.16E-04
1.00E-04
3.16E-05
1.00E-05
3.16E-06
1.00E-06
3.16E-07
1.00E-07
3.16E-08
1.00E-08
3.16E-09
1.00E-09
3.16E-10
1.00E-10
3.16E-11
1.00E-11
3.16E-12
1.00E-12
3.16E-13
1.00E-13
3.16E-14
1.00E-14
3.16E-15
1.00E-15
3.16E-16
1.00E-16
3.16E-17
1.00E-17
3.16E-18
1.00E-18
3.16E-19
1.00E-19
3.16E-20
1.00E-20
pH
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
Diagram
100%
20.729
20.529
20.335
20.148
19.967
Diagram
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
Log(K)
33.961
33.428
32.917
32.426
31.955
31.502
31.066
30.646
30.241
29.851
29.475
29.112
28.762
28.424
28.097
27.781
27.476
27.180
26.894
26.618
26.351
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
% Concentracin
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0
Diagr
3H2O
Log(K)
0
0
52.803
51.942
51.121
50.338
49.590
48.876
48.194
-5
-10
-15
47.541
-20
46.917
46.319
-25
log[CuT]
-30
-35
-20
-25
45.748
45.200
44.676
44.174
43.692
43.231
42.789
42.366
41.960
41.570
41.197
log[CuT]
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
3H2O
Log(K)
66.476
65.447
64.463
63.522
62.621
61.760
60.936
60.147
59.391
58.668
57.976
Diagr
0
1.000E+001
1.000E-004
1.000E-009
57.313
1.000E-014
56.678
56.070
55.487
54.929
54.394
53.882
53.391
52.921
52.470
1.000E-019
1.000E-024
log[CuT]
1.000E-029
1.000E-034
1.000E-039
1.000E-044
2H2O
Log(K)
1.000E-049
83.586
82.340
81.148
80.006
1.000E-054
1.000E-059
1.000E-054
1.000E-059
78.913
77.864
76.858
75.893
74.966
74.075
73.220
72.397
71.606
70.846
70.114
69.410
68.732
68.080
67.452
66.847
66.265
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
[Cu(+2a)]
2.450E-011
2.450E-012
2.450E-013
2.450E-014
2.450E-015
2.450E-016
2.451E-017
2.452E-018
2.457E-019
2.473E-020
2.521E-021
2.675E-022
3.162E-023
4.700E-024
9.565E-025
2.495E-025
7.360E-026
2.275E-026
7.140E-027
2.253E-027
7.118E-028
2.250E-028
7.116E-029
2.250E-029
7.115E-030
2.250E-030
7.115E-031
2.250E-031
7.115E-032
2.250E-032
7.115E-033
2.250E-033
7.115E-034
2.250E-034
7.115E-035
2.250E-035
7.115E-036
2.250E-036
7.115E-037
2.250E-037
7.115E-038
[CuOH(+a)]
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
2.409E-024
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
[CuO2(-2a)]
2.6884973E-039 1.421120E-064
2.6884973E-038 1.421120E-062
2.6884973E-037 1.421120E-060
2.6884973E-036 1.421120E-058
2.6884973E-035 1.421120E-056
2.6884973E-034 1.421120E-054
2.6884973E-033 1.421120E-052
2.6884973E-032 1.421120E-050
2.6884974E-031 1.421120E-048
2.6884977E-030 1.421120E-046
2.6884985E-029 1.421120E-044
2.6885011E-028 1.421120E-042
2.6885093E-027 1.421120E-040
2.6885352E-026 1.421120E-038
2.6886173E-025 1.421120E-036
2.6888769E-024 1.421120E-034
2.6896976E-023 1.421120E-032
2.6922930E-022 1.421120E-030
2.7005003E-021 1.421120E-028
2.7264541E-020 1.421120E-026
2.8085273E-019 1.421120E-024
3.0680656E-018 1.421120E-022
3.8887978E-017 1.421120E-020
6.4841808E-016 1.421120E-018
1.4691503E-014 1.421120E-016
4.0645333E-013 1.421120E-014
1.2271855E-011 1.421120E-012
3.8225685E-010 1.421120E-010
0.000000012 1.421120E-008
3.7983720E-007 1.421120E-006
1.2005694E-005 0.000142112
0.0003795952 0.0142112045
0.0120032741 1.4211204531
0.3795710418 142.112045308
12.0030321251 14211.2045308
379.568622108 1421120.45308
12003.0079286 142112045.308
379568.380143 14211204531
12003005.509 1421120453083
379568355.947 1.421120E+014
12003005267 1.421120E+016
100%
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
ntracin
55%
[Cu(+2
50%
[CuOH
[Cu(OH
45%
[CuO2
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH
Diagrama de Bjerrum
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
log
log
log
log
-20
log
-25
log
log
-30
log
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
pH
Diagrama de Bjerrum
0
1.000E+001
1.000E-004
1.000E-009
1.000E-014
1.000E-019
1.000E-024
1.000E-029
1.000E-034
1.000E-039
1.000E-044
1.000E-049
1.000E-054
1.000E-059
pH
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1.000E-054
1.000E-059
pH
[CuT]
2.450E-011
2.450E-012
2.450E-013
2.450E-014
2.450E-015
2.450E-016
2.451E-017
2.452E-018
2.457E-019
2.473E-020
2.524E-021
2.699E-022
3.403E-023
7.136E-024
3.635E-024
5.348E-024
2.938E-023
2.717E-022
2.703E-021
2.727E-020
2.809E-019
3.068E-018
3.890E-017
6.498E-016
1.483E-014
4.207E-013
1.369E-011
5.244E-010
2.624E-008
1.801E-006
1.541E-004
1.459E-002
1.433E+000
1.425E+002
1.422E+004
1.422E+006
1.421E+008
1.421E+010
1.421E+012
1.421E+014
1.421E+016
[Cu(+2a)]/[CuT]
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
9.999E-001
9.990E-001
9.911E-001
9.291E-001
6.586E-001
2.632E-001
4.666E-002
2.505E-003
8.373E-005
2.642E-006
8.261E-008
2.534E-009
7.334E-011
1.829E-012
3.463E-014
4.797E-016
5.349E-018
5.196E-020
4.291E-022
2.712E-024
1.249E-026
4.617E-029
1.542E-031
4.965E-034
1.579E-036
5.003E-039
1.583E-041
5.006E-044
1.583E-046
5.007E-049
1.583E-051
5.007E-054
[CuOH(+a)]/[CuT]
9.834E-014
9.834E-013
9.834E-012
9.834E-011
9.834E-010
9.833E-009
9.831E-008
9.825E-007
9.805E-006
9.744E-005
9.547E-004
8.926E-003
7.081E-002
3.376E-001
6.629E-001
4.505E-001
8.201E-002
8.869E-003
8.914E-004
8.836E-005
8.579E-006
7.853E-007
6.193E-008
3.708E-009
1.624E-010
5.728E-012
1.760E-013
4.595E-015
9.182E-017
1.338E-018
1.563E-020
1.651E-022
1.681E-024
1.691E-026
1.694E-028
1.695E-030
1.695E-032
1.695E-034
1.695E-036
1.695E-038
1.695E-040
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]/[CuT]
1.097E-028
1.097E-026
1.097E-024
1.097E-022
1.097E-020
1.097E-018
1.097E-016
1.096E-014
1.094E-012
1.087E-010
1.065E-008
9.961E-007
7.901E-005
3.767E-003
7.397E-002
5.028E-001
9.155E-001
9.910E-001
9.991E-001
9.999E-001
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
9.996E-001
9.978E-001
9.904E-001
9.662E-001
8.962E-001
7.290E-001
4.584E-001
2.109E-001
7.790E-002
2.602E-002
8.376E-003
2.664E-003
8.439E-004
2.670E-004
8.445E-005
2.671E-005
8.446E-006
2.671E-006
8.446E-007
Diagram
0
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
[Cu(+2a)]/[CuT]
[CuOH(+a)]/[CuT]
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]/[CuT]
-15
log[CuT]
-20
-25
[CuO2(-2a)]/[CuT]
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
-65
-70
17 18 19 20
Diagram
17
18
19
20
0
20
15
10
5
0
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[CuO2(-2a)]
log[CuT]
-5
5
0
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[CuT]
-5
log[CuO2(-2a)]
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
Diagram
16
17
18
19
20
0
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
[Cu(+2a)]
-12
[CuOH(+a)]
-13
[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
[CuO2(-2a)]
log[CuT]
-14
-15
-16
-17
-18
-19
-20
-21
-22
-23
-24
-23
-24
[CuO2(-2a)]/[CuT]
5.800E-054
5.800E-051
5.800E-048
5.800E-045
5.800E-042
5.800E-039
5.799E-036
5.795E-033
5.784E-030
5.747E-027
5.631E-024
5.265E-021
4.176E-018
1.991E-015
3.910E-013
2.657E-011
4.837E-010
5.231E-009
5.258E-008
5.212E-007
5.060E-006
4.632E-005
3.653E-004
2.187E-003
9.580E-003
3.378E-002
1.038E-001
2.710E-001
5.416E-001
7.891E-001
9.221E-001
9.740E-001
9.916E-001
9.973E-001
9.992E-001
9.997E-001
9.999E-001
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
1.000E+000
log[CuT]
-10.6108278061
-11.6108275334
-12.610826671
-13.6108239437
-14.6108153193
-15.610788045
-16.6107017811
-17.6104288407
-18.6095642341
-19.6068153392
-20.5979800931
-21.5687751324
-22.4681670672
-23.1465235571
-23.4395231596
-23.2718285105
-22.5319489418
-21.565972041
-20.568167299
-19.5643631665
-18.5515154198
-17.513114896
-16.4100259301
-15.1871940912
-13.8287530095
-12.376064105
-10.8635021714
-9.2803630774
-7.5810180507
-5.7444964981
-3.8121473708
-1.8359209024
0.1562836864
2.1537893129
4.1529975479
6.1527468707
8.1526675696
10.1526424894
12.1526345581
14.1526320499
16.1526312568
log[Cu(+2a)]
-10.6108278061
-11.6108275334
-12.610826671
-13.6108239438
-14.6108153197
-15.6107880493
-16.6107018238
-17.6104292674
-18.6095684926
-19.6068576572
-20.5983949329
-21.5726696838
-22.5000976548
-23.3278930484
-24.0192985458
-24.6029176076
-25.1331025612
-25.6431016484
-26.1463121563
-26.6473323673
-27.1476554858
-27.6477577149
-28.1477900476
-28.6478002725
-29.147803506
-29.6478045285
-30.1478048519
-30.6478049541
-31.1478049865
-31.6478049967
-32.1478049999
-32.647805001
-33.1478050013
-33.6478050014
-34.1478050014
-34.6478050014
-35.1478050014
-35.6478050014
-36.1478050014
-36.6478050014
-37.1478050014
log[CuOH(+a)]
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
-23.6180962886
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
-38.5704903974
-37.5704903974
-36.5704903974
-35.5704903974
-34.5704903972
-33.5704903968
-32.5704903955
-31.5704903913
-30.570490378
-29.5704903361
-28.5704902035
-27.5704897843
-26.5704884585
-25.570484266
-24.5704710085
-23.5704290871
-22.5702965466
-21.5698776827
-20.5685557714
-19.5644018057
-18.5515213442
-17.513135353
-16.4101846364
-15.1881448828
-13.8329337858
-12.3909893181
-10.9110897859
-9.4176447227
-7.9197383361
-6.4204025007
-4.9206127396
-3.4206792441
-1.9207002769
-0.4207069282
1.0792909685
2.5792903033
4.079290093
5.5792900265
7.0792900054
8.5792899988
10.0792899967
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
log[CuT]
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a
log[CuO2(-2a)]
ECA A1, A2 y A
pH
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A
pH
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y
pH
pH
log[CuO2(-2a)]
-63.84736911
-61.84736911
-59.84736911
-57.84736911
-55.84736911
-53.84736911
-51.84736911
-49.84736911
-47.84736911
-45.84736911
-43.84736911
-41.84736911
-39.84736911
-37.84736911
-35.84736911
-33.84736911
-31.84736911
-29.84736911
-27.84736911
-25.84736911
-23.84736911
-21.84736911
-19.84736911
-17.84736911
-15.84736911
-13.84736911
-11.84736911
-9.84736911
-7.84736911
-5.84736911
-3.84736911
-1.84736911
0.15263089
2.15263089
4.15263089
6.15263089
8.15263089
10.15263089
12.15263089
14.15263089
16.15263089
-4.271970676831E-014
-4.270524185633E-013
-4.270909916639E-012
-4.270827948993E-011
-4.270742125739E-010
-4.270473868734E-009
-4.269625912321E-008
-4.266945360690E-007
-4.258478260378E-006
-0.000042318
-0.0004148398
-0.0038945513
-0.0319305875
-0.1813694912
-0.5797753862
-1.3310890971
-2.6011536194
-4.0771296073
-5.5781448573
-7.0829692008
-8.5961400659
-10.1346428189
-11.7377641174
-13.4606061813
-15.3190504965
-17.2717404235
-19.2843026805
-21.3674418768
-23.5667869358
-25.9033084986
-28.3356576291
-30.8118840986
-33.3040886876
-35.8015943143
-38.3008025493
-40.8005518721
-43.300472571
-45.8004474908
-48.3004395595
-50.8004370513
-53.3004362582
-13.0072684825
-12.0072687552
-11.0072696176
-10.0072723449
-9.0072809693
-8.0073082436
-7.0073945075
-6.0076674478
-5.0085320545
-4.0112809494
-3.0201161955
-2.0493211562
-1.1499292214
-0.4715727314
-0.178573129
-0.3462677781
-1.0861473468
-2.0521242475
-3.0499289896
-4.053733122
-5.0665808687
-6.1049813926
-7.2080703585
-8.4309021974
-9.789343279
-11.2420321836
-12.7545941172
-14.3377332112
-16.0370782379
-17.8735997904
-19.8059489177
-21.7821753862
-23.7743799749
-25.7718856015
-27.7710938364
-29.7708431592
-31.7707638582
-33.770738778
-35.7707308466
-37.7707283385
-39.7707275453
ECA Cu
mg/L
mg/L
ECA Mn
mol/L
mol/L
ECA Mn
log[mol/L]
log[mol/L]
log[CuT]
log[Cu(+2a)]
log[CuOH(+a)]
log[Cu(OH)3(-a)]
log[CuO2(-2a)]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
Para este caso, el rango de pH permisible e

No es necesario elevar el pH o analizar muc
est dentro del rango permisible (6 a 8).
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
Observamos en la grfica adjunta que exist

el pH=7,0. Respecto a nuestra anterior conc
conveniente llegar a este mnimo (utilizand
log[CuT]
ECA A1, A2 y A3
log([CuO2(-2a)]/[CuT])
-27.9596625913
-25.959662864
-23.9596637265
-21.9596664536
-19.9596750779
-17.9597023518
-15.9597886144
-13.9600615506
-11.960926144
-9.9636749969
-7.9725101104
-6.0017146519
-4.1023213913
-2.4239607089
-1.1309478489
-0.2986005765
-0.0383476048
-0.0039056417
-0.0003884724
-3.8639192101658E-005
-5.92431175273275E-006
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enos a 14,8).
pH fluctuante
,44 cuando

(2013-II) 2da Practica - CuS (Funda II)

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Cu(+2a) + H2S(a) = CuS + 2H(+a)

Cu(+2a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H(+a)

CuOH(+a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H2O

Cu(OH)3(-a) + HS(-a) + 2H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

Cu(OH)3(-a) + S(-2a) + 3H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

Cu(OH)4(-2a) + S(-2a) + 4H(+a) = CuS + 4H2O

Para este caso, el rango de

aso, el rango de pH permisible es enorme (de 0 o quizs menos a 17,2).

s en la grfica adjunta que existe un mnimo log[CuT]=-28,3 cuando

Cu(+2a) + H2S(a) = CuS + 2H(+a)

Cu(+2a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H(+a)

CuOH(+a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H2O

Cu(OH)3(-a) + HS(-a) + 2H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

Cu(OH)3(-a) + S(-2a) + 3H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

Cu(OH)4(-2a) + S(-2a) + 4H(+a) = CuS + 4H2O

Para este caso, el rango de

aso, el rango de pH permisible es enorme (de 0 o quizs menos a 18,2).

s en la grfica adjunta que existe un mnimo log[CuT]=-30,2 cuando

Cu(+2a) + H2S(a) = CuS + 2H(+a)

Cu(+2a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H(+a)

CuOH(+a) + HS(-a) = CuS + H2O

Cu(OH)3(-a) + HS(-a) + 2H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

Cu(OH)3(-a) + S(-2a) + 3H(+a) = CuS + 3H2O

CuO2(-2a) + S(-2a) + 4H(+a) = CuS + 2H2O

Para este caso, el rango de pH permisible e

Observamos en la grfica adjunta que exist

aso, el rango de pH permisible es enorme (de 0 o quizs menos a 14,8).

s en la grfica adjunta que existe un mnimo log[CuT]=-23,44 cuando

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