Ecuaii trigonometrice

1.Ecuaii trigonometrice elementare

Forma general: (trig(f(x)) = a )
a) Ecuaii de forma : sin x = a
a[-1,1]
Rezolvare:
Metoda I :
sin x = a x 'k arcsin a 2k sau x 'k' arcsin a 2k
Metoda II :
sin x = a xk = (-1)karcsin a + k , kZ
Mulimea soluiilor se scrie:

-arcsin a
a

x{arcsin a + 2k | kZ} { arcsin a + 2k | kZ}

Relaii utile:
arcsin (-a) = - arcsin a
sin (-x) = - sin x
sin (arcsin x) = x
x[-1,1]

arcsin (sin x) = x
x ,
2 2
b)Ecuaii de forma : cos x = a
a[-1,1]
Rezolvare:
cos x =a xk = arccos a + 2k
x 'k = arccos a + 2k i
x 'k' = - arccos a + 2k
Mulimea soluiilor se scrie:
x{arccos a + 2k | kZ} {- arccos a + 2k | kZ}
Relaii utile:
arccos (-a) = arccos a
cos (-x) = cos x
cos (arccos x) = x
x[-1,1]
arccos (cos x) = x
x[0,]

c)Ecuaii de forma : tg x = a
aR \ (2k 1)
k Z
2

Rezolvare :
tg x = a xk= arctg a + k
Mulimea soluiilor se scrie:
x{arctg a + k | kZ}
Relaii utile :
arctg (-a) = - arctg a
tg (-x) = - tg x
tg (arctg x) = x
xR

arctg (tg x) = x
x ,
2 2
d)Ecuaii de forma : ctg x =a
aR \ { k | kZ }
Rezolvare:
ctg x = a xk= arcctg a + k

arcsin a

arcsin (-a)

-arccos a
-a

arccos a
-arccos a

Mulimea soluiilor se scrie:

x{arcctg a + k | kZ}
Relaii utile :
arcctg (-a) = arcctg a
ctg (arcctg x) = x
xR

ctg (-x) = - ctg x

arcctg (ctg x) = x

x(0,)

2.Forma general: trig(f(x))=trig(g(x))

a)Ecuaii de forma : sin ax = sin bx
Rezolvare:
Metoda I:
sin ax = sin bx ax = bx + 2k , kZ
Metoda II:
sin ax = sin bx ax=(-1)kbx + k ,kZ
Mulimea soluiilor se scrie:

sau

ax = bx + 2k , kZ

ax{bx + 2k | kZ} { bx + 2k | kZ}

b) Ecuaii de forma : cos ax = cos bx
Rezolvare:
cos ax = cos bx ax = bx + 2k
Mulimea soluiilor se scrie:
ax{bx + 2k | kZ} { bx + 2k | kZ}
c) Ecuaii de forma : tg ax = tg bx
Rezolvare:
tg ax = tg bx ax = bx + k
cos ax 0 , cos bx 0
Mulimea soluiilor se scrie:
ax{bx + k | kZ}
d) Ecuaii de forma : ctg ax = ctg bx
Rezolvare:
ctg ax = ctg bx ax = bx + k
sin ax 0 , sin bx 0
Mulimea soluiilor se scrie:
ax{bx + k | kZ}

3.Ecuatii de forma: atrig2(f(x)) + btrig(f(x)) + c =0

Substituie: trig(f(x)) = y
Ecuaia rezolvent: ay2 + by + c =0
Se ajunge la ecuaiile elementare:

trig(f(x))=y1
trig(f(x))=y2

4.Ecuatii omogene in sin x si cos x

Forma general: asin2 x + bsin xcos x + ccos2 x = 0
Rezolvare:
Pentru cos x=0
Dac a=0
a0

asin2 x = 0
sin x = 1

x=

+ 2k
2

sin2 x = 0
sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 => Imposibil 01

Pentru cos x 0
asin2 x + bsin xcos x + ccos2 x = 0 |:cos2 x

 sin x 2
sin x
a
+ b
+c=0
cos x
cos x
sin x
atg2 x + btg x + c = 0

=tg x
cos
x

Substituie: tg x = t
Ecuaia rezolvent: at2 + bt + c = 0
Se ajunge la ecuaiile elementare:
tg x = t1
tg x = t2

5.Ecuatia liniar in sin x, cos x

Forma general: asin x + bcos x = c
Rezolvare:
I.Metoda unghiului auxiliar:
sin x + 3 cos x = 2 | : 2 (: a2 b2 )
1
3
sin x +
cos x = 1
2
2

+ sin cos x = 1
3
3

sin x = 1
xk +
=
+ 2k
3
2
3

II.Substituia universal
x
2
tg = t
cos x = 1 t
2
2
1
sin xcos

xk =

+ 2k
6

sin x = 2t

1 t

x (2k 1)

2
2

x (2k 1)

Observaie: n cazul utilizrii substituiei universale, nainte de a ncepe nlocuirea n

ecuaie i rezolvarea propriu-zis, se verifica dac x = (2k+1) este soluia.

Relaii utile:
cos (arcsin x) = 1 sin 2 (arcsin x) 1 x 2

x[-1,1]

sin (arccos x) = 1 cos 2 (arccos x) 1 x 2

x[-1,1]
sin (arcsin x + arcsin y) =sin (arcsin x) cos (arcsin y) + sin (arcsin y) cos (arcsin x) =
=x cos (arcsin y) + y cos (arcsin x) = x 1 y 2 y 1 x 2
arcsin x + arcsin y =arcsin ( x 1 y 2 y 1 x 2 )
cos (arcsin x + arcsin y) =cos (arcsin x) cos (arcsin y) sin (arcsin x) sin (arcsin y) =
= 1 x 2 1 y 2 xy
arcsin x + arcsin y =arccos( 1 x 2 1 y 2 xy )
1
1
1
1
tg (arcctg x) =
=
ctg (arctg x) =
=
tg (arctg x) x
ctg (arcctg x) x

arcsin x + arccos x =
arcsin x =

x[-1,1]

arccos x

x =sin arccos x =cos (arccos x) x = x

2

arctg x + arcctg x =
arctg x =

xR

- arcctg x
2

x = tg arcctg x ctg (arcctg x) x

2