Drilling machine

Introduction

Drilling is a metal cutting process carried

out by a rotating cutting tool called twist drill
to make circular holes in solid materials.

Drilling machine

A power operated machine tool which holds

the drill in its spindle rotating at high speeds
and when actuated move linearly against
the work piece produces a hole.

Types of drilling machine.

Portable drilling machine

Bench drilling machine
Radial drilling machine
Pillar drilling machine
Gang drilling machine
Multiple drilling machine

Portable drilling machine

Bench drilling machine

These are light duty machines used in

small workshops.
Also called Sensitive drilling machines
because of its accurate and well balanced
spindle.
Holes of diameter 1 mm to 15 mm.

Bench drilling machine

parts

Vertical main column

Base
Moving drill head
Work table
Electric motor
Variable speed gear
box and spindle feed
mechanism.

working
Work piece with the exact location marked on
it with the centre punch is clamped rigidly on
the work table.
spindle axis and center punch indentation are
in same line.
Machine is started and drill bit is lowered by
rotating feed handle.
Drill bit touches the work and starts removing
material.

Bench drilling machine

Radial drilling machine

These are heavy duty and versatile drilling

machine used to perform drilling operate on
large and heavy work piece.
Holes up to 7.5 cm.

Radial drilling machine

parts

Heavy base
Vertical column
Horizontal arm
Drilling head

working

Work piece is marked for exact location and

mounted on the work table.
Drill bit is then located by moving the radial
arm and drill to the marked location.
By starting drill spindle motor holes are
drilled.

Upright/Pillar Drilling Machine

This machine is quite
similar to the bench
drilling machine but of
little larger size and
higher capacity and is
fixed on the floor
foundation.
This drilling machine is
able to take larger drills.

Gang Drilling Machine

Each drill head has its
own power unit and
carries a tool to
perform an operation
on a job in sequence.
DESIGNED FOR
MASS
PRODUCTION
Gang drilling machines
are useful when several
different machining cuts
with different tool are to
be taken on sufficiently
large number of work
pieces.

A
Gang
drill
machine has a
number of drill
heads
arranged
with a common
base and table.
The spindle may
be set up with drills
of
different
diameter or other
tools as required.
The job is moved
from one spindle to
the other spindle
for
performing
various operations.

16

Multi-spindle
Drilling
Machine

They may be built

as specific jobs
with their spindles
fixed in specific
positions
or
as
general
purpose
machines in which
the relative distance
between
the
spindles can be
changed within a
range.

Multi-spindle drilling
machines with two
or more spindles
driven by a common
head.
This machine are
used for drilling a
numbers of holes
simultaneously in a
work piece.
Multi-spindle
machines are high
production
rate
machines and lead to
considerable saving
for large quantity jobs.

17

Automatic
Drilling
Machine
After one operation

is
completed
at
one
workstation the work
piece is automatically
transferred to the next
work station.
Because all operation
are done automatically
the
preciseness
is
higher and production
time is lower.

These
are
high
performance automatic
machine designed for
variety of operations
being done on the
work piece.
A
number
of
machines
are
arranged in series to
perform variety of
different operations
on the workpiece at
successive
work
stations.

18

Drilling machine operation

Drilling
Reaming
Boring
Counter boring
Counter sinking
Spot facing
Tapping

Drilling
It is a process of creating or
originating a hole in a solid
work piece using a tool
called Twist drill.

Reaming

It is a process of smoothing the surface of

drilled holes with a tool.
Tool is called as reamer.
Initially a hole is drilled slightly smaller in
size.
Drill is replaced by reamer.
Speed is reduced to half that of the drilling.

Reaming

Boring

It is process carried on a
drilling machine to
increase the size of an
already drilled hole.
Initially a hole is drilled
to the nearest size and
using a boring tool the
size of the hole is
increased.

Counter boring

This process involves

increasing the size of a
hole at only one end.
Cutting tool will have a
small cylindrical portion
called pilot.
Cutting speed = twothirds of the drilling
speed for the same hole.

Counter sinking

This is an operation of
making the end of a
hole into a conical
shape.
Cutting speed = half of
the cutting speed of
drilling for same hole.

Spot facing

It is a finishing
operation to produce
flat round surface
usually around a drilled
hole, for proper seating
of bolt head or nut.
It is done using a
special spot facing tool.

Tapping

Process of cutting
internal threads with a
thread tool called as tap.
Tap is a fluted threaded
tool used for cutting
internal thread
Cutting speed is very
slow.

Trepanning

Trepanning is the process for making large holes in

sheet metal.
A small diameter hole is drilled in center for drilling large
diameter hole.
The pilot of trepanning tool is fitted into this hole and the
length of the adjustable arm is set to the radius of the
hole to be cut.
Holes up to a diameter of 350 mm can be cut by this
arrangement.

31

Specification of Drilling machine

I) The size of the working table and capacity of the machine.
2) Maximum size of the work piece on the particular machine.
3) Maximum diameter of drill on the particular machine.
4) Number of spindles on the particular machine.
5) Length of arm and column diameter must be specified for
radial drilling machine

Specification of a radial drilling

machine

Power capacity eg:

1.5 hp for drilling
motor and 0.5 hp for
elevating motor.
The range of speed
of spindle eg: 50 to
2800 rpm.

Length of arm on
which drill head can
traverse. eg: 600 mm.
Vertical movement of
the arm eg: 500 mm.
Angular swing of arm
eg: 360

Range to which drill

bit can reach eg: 350
mm to 900 mm.
Drill depth eg: 32 mm
for steel.