History of Shorthorn Cattle

History of Shorthorn cattle
by
James Sinclair
1907
ii
Version history
Version Date Comments

0.3.5 20th January 2007 Mark-up index for chapter 5.
0.3.4 4th January 2007 Mark-up index for chapter 4.
0.3.3 31st December 2006 Mark-up index for chapter 3.
0.3.2 29th December 2006 Mark-up index for chapters 1,2.
0.3.0 21st October 2006 Mid-level structuring for appendix.
0.2.20 3rd September 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapter 20.
0.2.19 27th August 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapters 16-19.
0.2.15 22nd July 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapter 15.
0.2.14 18th July 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapter 13, and 14.
0.2.12 15th July 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapter 8-12.
0.2.7 24th June 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapter 6, and 7.
0.2.5 23rd June 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapter 4, and 5.
0.2.3 20th June 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapter 3. Changed to
11pt text.
0.2.2 11th June 2006 Mid-level structuring for chapter 1, and 2.
0.2.0 10th June 2006 Added images for chapters 11 - 20.
0.1.10 21st May 2006 Added images for chapters 1 - 10.
0.1.0 20th May 2006 Added chapter 13 - 20 plus the appendix with high
level structure.
0.0.12 19th May 2006 Added chapter 12 with high level structure; intro-
duced version history page; new title page.
0.0.11 18th May 2006 Added chapter 11 with high level structure.
0.0.10 15th May 2006 Added chapter 10 with high level structure.
0.0.09 14th May 2006 Basic document structure, included preface, and
chapters 1 to 9 with high level (chapters, sections,
subsections, and subsubsections) structuring.
The version number is in the form x.y.z. The number x = 0, or 1; when

x = 1 the document will be complete. The number y represents various
milestones in the project. These are:
0 Inclusion of material and high level structuring.

1 Inclusion of images.
2 Mid level structuring (paragraphs, tables, etc.)
3 Index.
4 Bibliography.
5 Low level structuring (sentences, spelling, punctuation etc.)
These will be tackled in the order given in the table. The number z usually
represents a chapter number, and thus gives an indication of how far we are
iii
from completing a particular milestone. There are twenty chapters in the

book.
Robert Scarth,
Zurich,
March 18, 2007
iv
Preface
It will be generally acknowledged that the development and spread of Im-

proved Shorthorn Cattle rank among the most notable achievements of the
breeders of live stock in the United Kingdom, the stud farm of the world;
and it is somewhat remarkable that hitherto no comprehensive attempt has
been made in the country of its origin to chronicle in detail the successive
stages in the rise and progress of the breed, although several such works
have been published in the United States of America. Shorthorns, it is true,
have enjoyed a plentiful harvest of literature, and many able writers have
dealt most attractively with sections of their history and with the careers
of some of the great breeders who have helped to build up their reputation.
So long ago as 1825 the Rev. Henry Berry began to write a history of the
breed, but it does not appear to have been issued as a separate publication.
Others, well qualified for the task, have made tentative efforts in the same
direction, but the results have been chiefly the production of books that
deal admirably with certain tribes and strains. The fact remains that in
this country no book has before been issued that contains within its covers
a consecutive description of the labours of those who have spent the greater
part of their lives in the improvement of this important and widely known
race of cattle which has helped so much to increase the food supply, with
consequent benefit to the people of all lands.
The chief causes for the absence of such a book have probably been
that the task was found to be beyond the powers of any one individual,
and that the considerable time required for its compilation could not be
bestowed with any prospect of adequate return. Since, about a quarter of
a century ago, the Live Stock Y ournai devoted itself wholly to the inter-
ests of breeders and owners of live stock, opportunities have from time
to time been afforded of securing information on the subject possessed by
several well-known authorities who were either invited or encouraged to put
what they knew into shape for ultimate publication in this form. These
special contributions by Mr. William Housman, Mr. Thomas F. Jamieson,
LL.D., Mr. John Downing, Mr. William Warfield, M. L. Grollier, and
Mr. G. A. Brownrepresenting, in their researches into Shorthorn lore, Eng-
land, Scotland, Ireland, America, France, and Australiahave been utilised
in the preparation of the present volume, which takes the shape of histori-
v
vi
cal description and biographical notices of eminent breeders in all countries,

together with accounts of many of their herds.
The object has been to place on record as many facts as could be obtained
regarding the work of the early breeders, and the development of the breed
throughout the wide regions where it is cultivated. No attempt has been
made, or, indeed, could have been made, in a single volume of reasonable size
to also furnish detailed accounts of existing herds or of those recently broken
up. A good many of them have, however, been briefly alluded to, and a list
of existing herds in the United Kingdom is also printed. For this purpose
owners of herds were invited to fill up a brief form giving particulars as to
their stock, and the list includes those who responded. But as references to
herds of the present day can be obtained in contemporary publications, it
was decided that the bulk of this book should deal chiefly with breeders and
herds that have become historic.
There has been sufficient evidence during the last few years that such
information as it has been attempted to furnish in these pages is required.
Several of the older books are out of print, and others dealing with the
past are not easily accessible; so that beginners in Shorthorn breeding have
experienced difficulty in obtaining the information which they require con-
cerning the foundation and early history of the breed, past herds, and the
establishment and progress of many of the tribes that are still in flourishing
existence. More experienced and better-informed breeders who peruse or re-
fer to this book may also perhaps be reminded of some facts and incidents
that have escaped their memory.
Acknowledgments have been made in the text of obliga- tions to various
sources of information. Coatess Herd Book comes first of all in this category.
Particularly useful, too, has been found that well-known work of reference,
Thorn- tons Shorthorn Circular, which has been published quarterly since
1868. Many other books, numerous catalogues of sales, newspapers, journals
of agricultural societies, and magazines have been consulted and are referred
to elsewhere. To Mr. Robert Bruce, Mr. E. J. Powell, Mr. Win. Parlour,
Mr. Frank P.Matthews, Mr. John Neilson, Mr. J. R. Barclay, Mr. W.A.
Fraser, and Mr. J. H. D. Beales, thanks are due for friendly help.
With regard to the illustrations, Mr. Thornton kindly placed at our
disposal some of the pictures in his possession, and in this section aid has
also been given by Mr. Richard Booth, Mr. Robert Redpath, Mr. Thomas
Parrington, Mr. F.Babbage, and others. A few of the portraits of notable
Shorthorns have been reproduced from Mr. A. M. Williams etchings.
It is hoped that the information given in this History concerning Short-
horns in the United Kingdom, the Colonies, and foreign countries may tend
in some measure to promote the interests of the breed at home and abroad,
and that it may prove a useful book of reference to the increasing number
of those in all parts of the world who have adopted the Shorthorn as the
most valuable race of cattle for the supply of beef and milk to satisfy the
vii
requirements of a steadily growing population, as well as on account of their

admiration of one of the greatest triumphs of the breeders art that has ever
been evolved.
J.S.
viii
Contents
1 Origin of the breed 1

1.1 Ancestry of British cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Foundations of domesticated breeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Early references to larger cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Formation of distinct breeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 The dawn of improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.6 Provision of winter food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.7 Improvement of varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.8 Early breeders of short-horned cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.9 Cully’s testimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.10 The Dutch importations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.11 Struggle between Shorthorns and Longhorns . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.12 Improvement by the brothers Colling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.13 Evidence of other old writers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.14 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2 Systematic Improvement 31
2.1 More about the pioneers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2 The Studley bull 626 to Hubback 319 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.3 Hubuack 319 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.4 Hubback’s stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.5 Another account of early Shorthorns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 The brothers Colling 47

3.1 The bull Favourite 252 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2 The Ketton herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3 The Galloway alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.4 Some of Mr. C. Colling’s tribes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.5 The Ketton sale 1810 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.6 The thousand guineas’ bull, Comet 155 . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.7 Purchasers at Ketton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.8 After the Ketton sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.9 The Barmpton Hero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
ix
x CONTENTS
3.10 Barmpton Tribes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

3.11 Close of the Colling period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4 From Barmpton to Chilton and Wiseton 73

4.1 Barmpton-Chilton period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.2 Mr Whitaker. The Herd Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.3 Mr. Christopher Mason’s herd at Chilton . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.4 The Wiseton herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5 The Booth herds 89

5.1 The House of Warlaby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.2 Killerby and Warlaby tribes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.3 Warlaby: thirty years from the beginning . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.4 From Pilot 496 to Leonard 4210 and Buckingham 3239 . . . . 100
5.5 More about Warlaby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.6 The Booth herds down to 1864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.7 Later years of Warlaby and Killerby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6 The Bates herds 121

6.1 Mr. Thomas Bates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.2 The House of Kirklevington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6.3 Duchesses, Oxfords, and Roses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6.4 The Waterloo, Wild Eyes, and Foggathorpe tribes . . . . . . 132
6.5 The Kirklevington sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.6 Bell-Bates and Harvey-Bates tribes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
6.7 Prizes and prices of Kirklevington cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
6.8 Earl Ducie’s sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
6.9 Other famous sales of Bates cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
7 Famous early breeders and historic herds 149

7.1 Colonel Towneley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
7.2 Mr. Richard Eastwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
7.3 Sir Charles Knightley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7.4 George Coates’ herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
7.5 Mr. George Baker, of Elemore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
7.6 Mr. Wilkinson, of Lenton, and his herd . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
7.7 Mr. W. Wetherell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
7.8 Mr. Thomas Chrisp, of Hawkhill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
7.9 Mr. Sam Wiley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
7.10 Mr. Anthony L. Maynard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
7.11 Mr. John Charles Maynard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
7.12 Mr. Henry Ambler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
7.13 Mr. John Caleb Adkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
7.14 Mr. Benjamin Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
CONTENTS xi
7.15 Mr. Robert Fletcher Housman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

7.16 The second Earl of Zetland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
7.17 Mr. J. Mason Hopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
7.18 Mr. Champion, of Blyth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
7.19 Mr. H. Watson, Walkeringham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
7.20 Messrs. Crofton, Holywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
7.21 Mr F. H. Fawkes, of Farnley Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
7.22 Mr. R. M. Jaques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
7.23 Mr. Thomas Lax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
7.24 Mr. Unthank, Netherscales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
7.25 Mr. Jonathan Binns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
8 Another group of notable breeders 193

8.1 Mr. T. E. Pawlett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
8.2 The Seventh Duke of Devonshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
8.3 Mr. Raymond Bruere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
8.4 Mr. Torr, of Aylesby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
8.5 Mr. Hugh Aylmer, West Dereham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
8.6 Mr. S. E. Bolden and the Grand Duchesses . . . . . . . . . . 203
8.7 Mr. David McIntosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
8.8 The Earl of Bective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
8.9 Mr. E. H. Cheney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
8.10 The Rev. Thomas Staniforth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
8.11 Lady Emily Pigot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
8.12 Mr. John Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
8.13 Mr. John Booth, of Cotham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
8.14 Mr. Edward Bowly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
8.15 Mr. Stewart Marjoribanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
8.16 Mr. W. F. Paley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
8.17 The other Collings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
8.18 Mr. Stiles Rich, of Didmarton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
8.19 Mr. John Gamble, of Shouldhamthorpe . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
8.20 Mr. Jonas Webb, Babraham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
8.21 Mr. Ewan Troutbeck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
8.22 Mr. Watkin, Plumpton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
8.23 Mr. R. W. Saunders, Nunwick Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
8.24 West Rasen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
8.25 Some early Northumberland breeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
8.26 The late Earl of Lonsdale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
8.27 Mr. T. Willis, Carperby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
9 Landmarks - prominent herds 233

xii CONTENTS
10 Herds in England past 285

10.1 The Royal herds at Windsor and Sandringham . . . . . . . . 285
10.2 Sandringham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
10.3 Duncombe Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
10.4 The Stratton Herds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
10.5 Wetherby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
10.6 Manor House, Catterick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
10.7 Bapton Manor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
10.8 Messrs. Hobbs’ herds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
10.9 Messrs. Arkells’ herds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
10.10Messrs. Garnes’ herds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
10.11Other herds in England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
11 The breed in Scotland 347

11.1 The Ladykirk Herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
11.2 Phantassie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
11.3 Pitcorthie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
11.4 Captain Barclay of Ury and his herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
11.4.1 Early Purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
11.4.2 The 1838 Sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
11.4.3 The second herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
11.5 The Sittyton herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
11.5.1 Sketch of the brothers Cruickshank . . . . . . . . . . . 360
11.5.2 Sittyton and its surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
11.5.3 First purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
11.5.4 Sires selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
11.5.5 Females purchased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
11.5.6 Aims at Sittyton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
11.5.7 Home bred sires used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
11.5.8 Amos Cruickshank’s work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
11.5.9 Closing events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
11.6 Uppermill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
11.6.1 Commencement of the herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
11.6.2 Sires used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
11.6.3 Dispersion of the herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
11.7 Mr. Grant, Duff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
11.8 Mr. Hay of Shethin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
11.9 The Kinellar herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
11.10 Mr. Douglas of Athelstaneford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
11.11The Dunmore herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
11.12Dalkeith Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
11.13Keir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
11.14Mains of Pitfour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
11.15Monyruy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
CONTENTS xiii
11.16Rettie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
11.17Mr. Andrew Mitchell, Alloa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
11.18Broadland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
11.19Inverquhomery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
11.20Mertoun, St. Boswells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
11.21Lethenty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
11.22Other breeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
11.23Progress from 1889 to 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
11.24Mr. William Duthie, Collynie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
11.25Mr. A. M. Gordon of Newton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
11.26Mr. Wilson, Pirriesmill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
11.27Mr. McWilliam, Stoneytown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
11.28Some other herds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
12 The breed in Ireland 459

12.1 Its introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
12.2 Importations from Chilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
12.3 Mr. Robert Holmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
12.4 Mr. Robert La Touche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
12.5 Mr. Thomas Barnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
12.6 Mr. Richard Chaloner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
12.7 Mr. J. G. Grove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
12.8 Mr. Richard Welsted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
12.9 Mr. Talbot-Crosbie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
12.10Straffan House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
12.11Mr. Robert Archbold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
12.12Mr. Fox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
12.13Mr. A. H. C. Pollock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
12.14Mr. Joseph Lambert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
12.15Other herds in Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
12.15.1 Leinster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
12.15.2 Munster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
12.15.3 Connaught . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
12.15.4 Ulster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
12.16Recent Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
13 The breed abroad 521

13.1 Shorthorns in the United States and Canada . . . . . . . . . 521
13.1.1 Introduction of the breed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
13.1.2 The early importations to the seaboard states, 1815-24 526
13.1.3 The planting of the shorthorn in Kentucky: the im-
portation of 1817 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
13.1.4 The beginning of the national interest: the Powell,
Whitaker, and Dene importations . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
xiv CONTENTS
13.1.5 The Ohio Company’s importations and the founda-

tions of great families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
13.2 The development of american types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
13.2.1 The Renick herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
13.2.2 Growth of the Bates Fancy - the Woodburn and New
York Mills herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
13.3 Canadian importations and leading herds . . . . . . . . . . . 552
13.3.1 Expansion and the colour craze . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
13.4 The Grasmere herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
13.4.1 Later incidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
13.5 The breed in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
13.5.1 Victoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
13.5.2 The stud farm of the Australian colonies . . . . . . . . 568
13.5.3 Queensland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
13.5.4 Value of the breed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
13.5.5 Progress of the dairy cow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
13.5.6 Milking qualities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
13.5.7 Shorthorn crosses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
13.5.8 Shorthorns in Victoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
13.5.9 The most famous of the old stud herds . . . . . . . . . 571
13.5.10 Other herds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
13.5.11 The Bolinda herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
13.5.12 The Arundel herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
13.5.13 Mertoun Park herd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
13.5.14 Master Butterfly 13,312 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
13.5.15 New South Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
13.5.16 South Austrlia - Mr. J. Angas’ herd . . . . . . . . . . 575
13.6 The breed in France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
13.7 The breed in South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
13.8 The breed in other countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
14 Some impressive sires 1863-1898 595
15 Registration and literature 607

15.1 Shorthorn Society of Great Britain and Ireland . . . . . . . . 607
15.2 Conditions of Entry in Coates’s Herd Book . . . . . . . . . . 610
15.3 Conditions of entry in other Shorthorn herd books . . . . . . 610
15.4 Shorthorn Club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
15.5 Shorthorn literature - authors and writers . . . . . . . . . . . 611
15.6 Some artists and photographers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
16 The breed in the show-yard 621

CONTENTS xv
17 Characteristics of the breed 655

17.1 Beef production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
17.2 Milking properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
17.3 Notes on yields of milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
17.4 Dairy Shorthorns (Coates’s Herd Book) Association . . . . . 676
17.5 The plan of pedigrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
17.6 Confirmation and quality of Shorthorns . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
17.7 Lincolnshire Red Shorthorn cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
17.8 Polled Durhams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684
17.9 Dexter Shorthorns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684
18 Systems of management 685

18.1 Practice of breeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
18.2 Other breeders’ methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
19 Review of progress 723
20 Existing herds in the United Kingdom 741
A Some historic sales 777

A.1 Ketton, 1810 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
A.2 Barmpton, 1818 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
A.3 Chilton, 1829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
A.4 Kirklevington, 1850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
A.5 Tortworth Court, 1853 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
A.6 Towneley Park, 1864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
A.7 Beeston, 1872 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
A.8 New York Mills, 1873 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
A.9 Underley Hall, 1874 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
A.10 Dunmore, 1875 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
A.11 Aylesby Manor, 1875 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
A.12 Millbeckstock, 1877 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
A.13 Gaddesby Hall, 1877 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
A.14 Holker Hall, 1878 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
A.15 Sholebroke, 1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808
A.16 Killerby, 1886 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
A.17 Whittlebury, 1889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
A.18 Warlaby, 1895 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
A.19 Uppermill, 1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
A.20 Ruddington Hall, 1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
General Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
Index of Existing Herds in the United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . 831
xvi CONTENTS
List of Figures
xvii
xviii LIST OF FIGURES
List of Tables
5.1 Mr. T.C. Booth’s purchases at the Aylesby sale, 1875 . . . . 116
6.1 Comparison of prices at Kirklevington sale and Tortworth sale 140
7.1 Summary of Fawsley sale, 1856 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
11.1 Buyers of females of the Sittyton herd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

11.2 Results of annual sales of Collynie bull calves 1883-1907. . . . 450
13.1 Exportations of Shorthorns 1882-1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

13.2 The Ohio company’s sale, bulls, October 1836. . . . . . . . . 536
13.3 The Ohio company’s sale, bulls, April 1837. . . . . . . . . . . 537
13.4 The Ohio company’s sale, females, October 1836. . . . . . . . 537
13.5 The Ohio company’s sale, females, April 1837. . . . . . . . . . 537
13.6 Selection of lots sold to English breeders at the New York
Mills sale, September 1873. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
13.7 Selection of lots sold to American breeders at the New York
Mills sale, September 1873. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
13.8 Summary of New York Mills sale, September 1873. . . . . . . 551
13.9 Summary of public sales of Shorthorns in the United States,
1870 - 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
15.1 Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Shorthorn Society 1875-

1908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
16.1 Prizes won by different breeds at the Smithfield Club Shows . 623
17.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
17.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
17.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
19.1 Summary of home sales of Shorthorns in the United Kingdom

1868-1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
xix
xx LIST OF TABLES
Chapter 1
Origin of the breed
History of Improved Shorthorn Cattle, while it must appeal chiefly to breed-

ers of this cosmopolitan variety, ought also to possess some measure of inter-
est to all who, as owners or occupiers of land, are connected with agriculture,
as well as to those xvho are less directly identified with rural affairs. It is
not too much to claim that the rise and progress of the breed are closely as-
sociated with the industrial development, not only of the United Kingdom,
but likewise of those numerous countries abroad, xvhere its introduction has
been followed by a beneficial revolution in the character of the live stock,
similar to that which it has exercised at home. Partly through its instrumen-
tality it has been rendered possible to materially raise the standard of living
of the toiling millions by means of the resulting increased production of beef
and milk. The work of the men who devoted their lives to the improvement
of this world-renowned breed has, therefore, had far-reaching results, and it
will be one of the aims of this book to endeavour to do justice to the labours
of the pioneers of Shorthorn breeding, as it is considered that by the success
of their efforts they are entitled to rank among those who have promoted
the progress of the human race throughout the world.
It is a remarkable story that tells how this breed of cattle, developed
more than two hundred years ago in a comparatively small portion of the
north-east of England, was gradually improved until it became the chief
agency for increasing the animal wealth of the greater part of England,
Scotland, and Ireland; how it next spread over to parts of the continent of
Europe, where it also left its beneficial mark, and subsequently was exported
to North and South America, Australasia, and other lands, carrying its
ameliorative impression wherever it went, and stamping its character on
the greater number of the cattle of these many lands. No parallel can be
found to the influence of the Shorthorn among domesticated animals, and
if the monetary value of the improvements which it has effected could be
ascertained, it would rank as one of the greatest sources of financial profit
that has ever been discovered.
1
2 CHAPTER 1. ORIGIN OF THE BREED
1.1 Ancestry of British cattle

Though a great deal of patient research has been devoted to attempts to
elucidate the origin of our breeds of cattle, it must be confessed that the
subject remains in a state of comparative obscurity. There is no necessity
here to enter with minute detail into a discussion of the question, as its
practical value is not considerable; but it is impossible to altogether pass
over this branch of the subject. It will be sufficient to briefly set forth
the various theories and speculations that from time to time have been
advanced.
All our breeds of domesticated cattle are clearly descended from two
prehistoric types Bos urus (called alternatively Bos primigenius) and Bos
longifrons. These two types and their modified descendants differed mainly
in sizethe urns being of gigantic dimensions, and the longifrons compara-
tively small, and known in Britain as the Celtic shorthorn ox. The urus is
not believed ever to have been domesticated in Britain, though it was known
here in a wild state in prehistoric times. The longifrons type was, however,
found domesticated when the Romans first landed in the year 55 before the
beginning of the Christian era; and, in his account of the Island, Julius Ca sar
left it on record that The number of its cattle was great. The remains of
Bos ion Jfrons have also been discovered in large quantities among the fossil
deposits, tracing to the time of the departure of the Roman legionaries from
this country, in the year 420. These cattle formed part of the food of the
Roman coloni during their occupation. Whether they were domesticated
by the people who occupied the country prior to the Roman conquest, or
whether they were imported in a domesticated state even before that time,
is a question that cannot be settled. These were apparently the only cattle
in the country when the Romans landed, the urns having become extinct in
Britain before that period. Sir Richard Owen* favoured the idea that the
Roman coloni first introduced the *A History of British Fossils, Mammals
and Birds. By Richard Owen, F.R.S., F.G.S., 1846. domesticated type of
Bos longifrons, but this view is hardly confirmed by history, and in opposi-
tion to his opinion there is the specific assertion of Ca sar that at the time
when the country was invaded its cattle were found to be numerically large.
It should be noted that wild animals (including cattle) could not have found
their way unaided by man into Britain after the time (at the close of the
Pleistocene age), when it was severed from the Continent, and their advent
therefore, as Professor Boyd Dawkins points out, must date back to a period
before that separation took place.
In a paper by Professor McKenny Hughes, of Cambridge University, the
view is adopted that the cattle in this country at the time of the Roman
invasion were the domesticated longifrons or small Celtic shorthorns, but
he states that in the fossil remains of the period of the Roman occupation,
especially during the latter part of it, he has found a variation in the shape
1.1. ANCESTRY OF BRITISH CATTLE 3
and size of the head and horn, to account for which he suggests that the
Romans brought cattle with them, or introduced them during the four
hundred years of their occupation. This theory may be well founded, but it
does not seem to be very strongly supported. The Romans effected many
changes, and they probably devoted attention to the improvement of the na-
tive cattle. As they occupied enclosed or fortified places the animals within
these would probably have been subjected to an amount of restraint to which
they had formerly been unaccustomed; and their food would also have been
improved. These three influences-selection, restraint, and improved feeding-
invariably result in modifications of the character of live stock. If the horns
were not required for the purposes of active offence or defence as formerly,
the probable effect would be that variations in their form and size would
occur. There is no direct evidence to show that the Romans (who came as
fighting men, and not as peaceful colonists) did actually encumber them-
selves with cattle during their invasion of Britain, or that they sent for them
during their occupation of parts of the Island. But, on the other hand, there
is no proof that they did not, and the occupation was sufficiently long to
have enabled them to import cattle, if they wished to do so. Except from
the antiquarian point of view the matter is not, perhaps, of great moment,
because the author goes on to show that the cattle reverted to the original
longifrons type after the departure of the Roman invadersthat is, about the
year 420. This fact would also appear to support the view that the changes
were temporary and artificially produced, otherwise, if these characters had
been fixed, they would not so easily have been lost.
But a much more important introduction, and one that undoubtedly left
a marked impression on British cattle, has next to be referred to. Although
the Bos urus appears to have been known in Britain only in a wild state, it
is alleged that it was domesticated elsewhere, probably originally in Asia,
whence its tame descendants spread westward and assumed a well-defined
character as the principal variety of domesticated cattle on the continent of
Europe. This speculation is chiefly based upon a statement of Rutimeyer,
which, however, is accepted by some authorities and rejected by others. But
a larger type of domesticated cattle than the Bos longifrons undoubtedly
existed in Europe at a very early period. Sup- posing that domestication of
the urns took place in Asia, the probability is that very many years would
have been occupied in the process, and it is not impossible that during that
long time the change of the conditions in the life of the animals might have
effected great alterations, even if the smaller longifrons type had supplied
part of the materials. But if one accepts the theory as to the domestication
of the urns the existence of the larger race of cattle is more easily accounted
for. These larger cattle were especially known in North Germany, and there
is good ground for the opinion that they were brought into Britain by the
English people from the opposite shores of Jutland, Holstein, and Friesland,
when they invaded the country in the interval between the years 449 and 66o.
This invasion was of a kind very different from that of the Romans, who came
as bodies of fighting men. Our forefathers, the English, were, on the other
hand, really colonists, and brought with them their wives and their children,
and their household stuff and their cattle. As Professor Boyd Dawkins
remarks,* The three keels which landed at Richborough, full of armed men
from Jutland, were the advance guard of a great migration, which was so
complete that, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the ancient home of
the old race was left desolate for four centuries afterwards. They effected as
great a revolution in the farming of Britain as in its language and political
system, and with them appeared the larger type of cattle from which, by
a continual process of selection, our large and more valuable breeds are
descended. *Pleistocene Mammalia(s878), and Early Man in Britain (x88o).
By Professor W. Boyd lJawkins, M.A., F.R.S., EQS, F.S.A. Macmillan et
Co., London.
1.2 Foundations of domesticated breeds

Here, then, we seem to have the foundations of the domesticated breeds
of cattle in Britain :(i) The descendants of the Bos longifrons, or small
Celtic shorthorn ox, which formed the only stock of the inhabitants of the
country at the time of the Roman invasion, while it is possible that during
their occupation the Romans may have imported cattle, apparently of the
longifrons type; and (2) The larger race brought over from the Continent of
Europe in a domesticated state by the English people at various times from
the fifth to the seventh centuries, and very probably augmented from later
importations by the Danes and others. The Celtic cattle were driven with
their masters into the more remote and inaccessible parts of the country, and
it is thought that they are probably to be found in their purest state in Wales
and the Highlands of Scotland; but it is not likely that they were all banished
to these regions. A portion of them, it is reasonable to suppose, would have
been retained and crossed with the larger imported breed. The landing-
places of the English were chiefly along the east coast, but the invaders
also appeared in the west, and in Ireland. Generally speaking, however, the
mark of the larger breed was left most conspicuously on the cattle of the
east coast of England, and subsequent introductions were no doubt made
by the later settlers and others. The largest oxen in Europe are to be
found extending westward by the Ukraine and the rich valley of the Danube,
through Hungary, the more fertile districts of Germany, part of Denmark,
Holland, and to England.
What happened to the early British domesticated breed during the pe-
riod of the Scandinavian invasions, from about AD. 500 to 1000, can only
be conjectured. Professor Boyd Dawkins in his work, Early Man in Britain
remarks that in the long and deadly warfare which followed the landing of
1.2. FOUNDATIONS OF DOMESTICATED BREEDS 5
the three keels of English invaders in the Isle of Thanet, in the year 449, the
tide of conquest flowed steadily to the west, and the borders of England were
enlarged until they extended to the western shores. The Roman civilisation
was destroyed, the cities were burnt and their inhabitants driven away to-
wards the west, taking such of their cattle as they were able to remove in
the face of the onslaughts of a relentless foe. The large cattle introduced
by them, he adds, are distributed throughout every part of Britain con-
quered by the English; while the native Celtic shorthorn only survives in
those districts in which the British had taken refuge. Sir. R. Owen puts
the matter very clearly when he says that the domesticated descendants of
a primitive wild race of cattle were more likely to be met with in the moun-
tains than in the lowlands of Britain, because the aborigines, retaining their
ground longest in the mountain fastnesses, may be supposed to have driven
thither such domestic cattle as they possessed before the foreign invasion,
and which we may presume therefore to have been derived from the subju-
gation of a native species of Bos. Professor David Low writes in his book
on Domesticated Animals *
The ancient Britons, it is known, when their country was over-

whelmed by the Roman power, made a brave defence in the
mountains beyond the Severn, preserving their flocks and herds,
in all times the cherished possession of the Celtic nations. Al-
though overrun for a season by the Roman legions they defended
themselves against the Saxon nations with determined courage,
and only yielded at length, at a long posterior period, to the
English power when it became too strong to be resisted, and
even then they retained their customs, their language and their
national feelings. It is here, as in the countries beyond the
Grampians, that we must look for the older races of the domestic
oxen of the country.
The opinions here stated as a reasonable explanation of the origin of

British cattle are largely founded upon the investigations and conclusions
of Professor Boyd Dawkins, who has devoted much attention to the sub-
ject. These views are put forward without dogmatism, as the question is
very obscure. They appear to harmonise with the recorded history of the
country at the time and, as they have been supported by the results of the
examination of fossil remains, they furnish good testimony on points which,
when all is said, cannot yet be considered to have been placed upon an
altogether satisfactory footing.
Leaving the times when fossil remains and ancient general history form
the chief foundations of our imperfect knowledge of the agriculture and live
stock of the country, there is a further long interval, concerning which we
are again left very much in the dark as to any specific measures adopted
for the improvement of cattle. There is to be found a good deal of leg-

end, but very few facts. The country was not in a condition favourable
to the development of the peaceful arts. A succession of internecine wars
followed the English, Danish, and Norman invasions, and the position was
one of perpetual struggle for supremacy. Amid these wars, and rumours of
wars, history is almost silent as to what was being done in reference to the
breeding of live stock. An important work *Domesticated Animals of the
British Islands. By David Low. 1845. on the subject was undertaken by
the Rev. John Storer,* but before it was completed the pen of the gifted
author was arrested by death, so that his valuable book on The Wild White
Cattle of Great Britain, while highly interesting and instructive, was left
unfinished, and one can only to some extent guess at the conclusions he
would ultimately have drawn from the enquiries which he had carried out
with great intelligence and rare assiduity. What these were will be indicated
subsequently.
As already mentioned, Professor Boyd Dawkins has also aided in endeav-
ouring to elucidate this dark era of live stock history. From his investigations
useful facts have been gleaned as to the origin and development of the lead-
ing varieties of cattle.
History, however, throws but little light, from a practical point of view,
on the methods of breeding adopted during the many years of stress and
conflict before the country had settled down to the avocations of peace, and
to industrial progress.
1.3 Early references to larger cattle

The first written references to a larger variety of cattle in this country,
differing in size from the small dark Celtic shorthorn, is contained in the
Venedotian Code of Laws ascribed to Howel Dha, and which probably is of
the tenth, or perhaps the eleventh, century, the usage implied by the laws
being thought to be much earlier than the codification. By these laws the
fine to be paid for injury done to the King of Aber- fraw was fixed at a
hundred cows for each hundred townships, and a white bull with red ears
to each hundred cows. In a later translation of the Welsh laws a hundred
white cows with red ears were considered equal in value to a hundred and
fifty black cattle. A reference to cattle is also contained in an account of
The Custom of Knightlow Cross, practised at the northern extremity of the
village of Stretton- on-Dunsmore, near Dunchurch, where stands in a field
a stone, the mortice-stone of the ancient Cross of Knightlow. On this spot
every year, on November iith, there took place an ancient ceremony, which is
said to date from a period anterior to the Norman Conquest, AD. io66. This
custom was the payment to the Lord of the Hundred of Knightlow of wroth or
ward money otherwise called swart money and it *The XVild White Cattle
1.3. EARLY REFERENCES TO LARGER CATTLE 7
of Great Britain: an account of their origin, history, and present state. By

the late Rev.John Storer, M.A., of Hellidon, Northampton. hire. Edited by
his son, John Storer. Published by Cassell and Co., London. was prescribed
that in default of payment, the forfeit will be twenty shillings for every
penny, and a white bull with red ears and nose. An early historic allusion is
made to the slaughter of a wild cow by Guy, Earl of Warwick, about 925 to
941. Fitz Stephen, writing about ii7 , in describing the country immediately
beyond the suburbs of London says: Close at hand lies an immense forest,
woody ranges, hiding- places of wild beasts, of stags, of fallow deer, of boars
and of forest bulls. The late Mr. Cadwallader John Bates, in his learned
work entitled Thomas Bates and the Kirklevington Shorthorns * (which
contains much interesting information as to the early development of the
Shorthorn breed), points out that, after the English conquest, a cream-
coloured, short-horned ox is found associated with St. Luke in the splendid
Gospels written in the seventh century by Eadfrid, afterwards Bishop of
Lindis- fame. It was a dun cow that, according to local tradition, the family
of St. Cuthbert found browsing on the site of Durham Cathedral when they
ended their long series of wanderings with his shrine in the year 995. The
figure of a cow was certainly carved in the northwest corner tower of the Nine
Altars, or eastern chapel of Durham Cathedral, about the year 1300. This
statuary was restored about 1778 from the Gothic original, representing a
good-pointed cow of the Short-horned breed, attended by two portly dames
in the costume of the reign of George III. The regular presents of cattle made
by the Cambrian Princes to the Kings of England consisted of specimens of
the large white breed. White, too, with red ears, was the herd of 400 oxen
from the wilds of Brecknock with which Maud de Breos made satisfaction
for her offending lord to King John.
Mr. Bates states that the comparative antiquity of shorthorned cattle
in the North Riding of Yorkshire is attested by the will of John Percy, of
Haram, near Helmsley, made in the year 1400
To my son John I bequeath two stots with short horns; to John
Webster a small horned stot; to John Belby, a cow with a white
leske; to my son John, a heifer with a white head; to Thomas
Peke, a heifer called Meg, and to Margaret Percy, another heifer.
This specific mention of Short-horned stots, adds Mr. Bates, points to
their having been something out of the common at that time, and possibly
possessed of especial value. The white leske of the cow and the white head
of the heifer show, too, that these cattle xvere not all of whole colours.
*Thomas Bates and the Kirklevington Shorthorns A Contribution to the
History of Pure Durham Cattle. By Cadwallader John Bates. Published by
Robert Redpatb, Newcastle-on-Tyne, i897.
It is not necessary here to quote all the casual and fragmentary allusions
to cattle in old historical books. They deal largely with the park cattle,
white with red or dark ears, considered by some to have been originally
a domestic variety, and to have afterwards been allowed to become feral,
while others regard them as the direct descendants of the aboriginal British
cattle, and as the chief source of the Shorthorn breed. They were at one
time called Bos sylves/ris, and the great landowners evidently took a pride
in having a herd of these cattle running wild in their extensive parks or
forests, just as some now do in having herds of deer. On the rich land
attached to the monasteries a superior breed of cattle was evidently kept
from a very early period, and it is almost certain that from both these
sources (the feudal and the ecclesiastical establishments) the ordinary stock
of the country were improved and colour markings accentuated, although it
should be remembered that colour is one of the external characters of animals
that is the least to be regarded as indicative of specific distinction. Darwin,
indeed, describes it as the most fleeting of characters; while he mentions that
cattle allowed to go wild have a tendency to assume a white colour with red
ears. Professor Boyd Dawkins says there is no doubt as to the breed which
is meant in the ancient references. It is that preserved in many parks in this
country, among which those of Chillingham and Chartley are conspicuous.
It is obviously, he adds, a domestic breed, resulting from the care taken in
selecting and preserving the white animals with red or dark ears, and not
using the off-coloured ones for the purposes of breeding. In other words the
breed has been originally formed in the same way as it has been preserved
in somewhat of its original purity at Chillingham and Chartley, by killing
the off-coloured calves. The question of red or dark ears and extremities is
in my opinion merely the result of selection. The pure white colour of this
breed, which is out of harmony with its surroundings, and which renders it
impossible to be concealed from its enemies, implies domestication. There
is no known case of any white animal at all approaching its size living in a
wild state, with the exception of the Polar bear, and this animal is snowy
white because it lives in the regions of snow. These views may be contrasted
with those next quoted from Mr. Storers book on the Wild White Cattle.
Mr. Storers belief was that the wild white cattle of Great Britain the
Chillingham, Chartley, the Cadzow, and other stocks clearly traced to the
Bos prim g-enius or urus; either by direct descent through wild animals from
the wild bull, or less directly through domesticated cattle deriving their
blood principally from him. He held that the colour of the urus was white.
He felt confident that many of our modern breeds of cattle owed to some
extent their present value and improvement to these most ancient races,
the wild white herds preserving in Great Britain alone in some degree their
former character. Four places in the county of Durhamthe parks of Bishop
Auckland, Barnard Castle, Raby Castle, and Beau- repaireare mentioned by
Mr. Storer as having been, either certainly, or on strong evidence, regarded
as probably, the ancient homes of cattle of that race which is still represented
in the park of the Earl of Tankerville, at Chillingham, in the adjoining county
1.4. FORMATION OF DISTINCT BREEDS 9
of Northumberland. But it is probable, according to the same authority, that

the same race of cattle was kept in many of the parks and forests belonging to
the bishops of Durham. It is certain that a herd, of unknown antiquity, was
preserved by the Bishop of Durham in the park at Bishop Auckland. Leland
refers to the fallow deer, wild bulls, and kine kept there in his day; and Sir
William Brereton, in the year 1635, saw in the same daintie stately parke
about twenty wild bulls and kine, all white, the descendants, apparently,
of those which Leland had described about a century earlier. They are
supposed to have been destroyed during the Civil War, in which shortly
afterwards Sir William was himself a prominent actor as a general in the
Parliamentary army. Evidence of the existence of so-called wild cattle in the
parks belonging to Barnard Castle is found in a special reference to them,
contained in a grant by King Charles I., dated March, 1626, assigning the
castle and parks, and the animals contained in the latter, to Samuel Cordwell
and Henry Dingley, in trust for Sir Henry Vane. Mr. Storer, referring to this
direct mention of the cattle, points to the fact that Barnard Castle had at
one time belonged to a branch of the Nevill family, and that the head of the
family was the Earl of Westmorland, whose great feudal residence was Raby
Castle. He observes that the house of Nevill has borne as its crest for at least
650 years Britains white wild bull. From these and other circumstances he
infers the probabilty that Raby Castle had also the white cattle in its parks
and chases. Before I leave this county of the wild cattle, he adds (showing
his opinion that Durham was one of the principal and long-lasting strong-
holds of the race), I must briefly allude to the beautiful park of the priors of
the monastery of Durham, Beaurepaire vulgarly, Bear-parktwo miles north-
west of that city. He shows that it was enclosed between 1258 and 1274, and
that the object of enclosure was evidently the preservation of wild animals.
Elsewhere he calls it the hunting park of the priors of Durham. Its game,
and even cattle, are mentioned in old records. There is no description of
the latter as cattle of a wild race, but the presumption, according to Mr.
Storers view, is that they were wild, and of the same race which prevailed
in the forests and in other parks of the same county. A powerful old race of
cattle, once extensively distributed over the county, sheltered in its ancient
forests and afterwards preserved in the parks of the bishops and priors,
would probably leave its impress upon the domestic cattle of Durham.
1.4 Formation of distinct breeds

It may be assumed that during these hundreds of years as to which, in this
connection, tradition and not history is the uncertain guide, the various
native breeds were being gradually built up. The process was slow, for the
open field, common or intermixed system of agriculture, which prevailed in
many parts down to the middle of the eighteenth century, was not conducive
to improvement of live stock. As Mr. R. E. Prothero remarks,* No open-field

farmers could farm with spirit. Unless all moved together, no one could move
hand or foot, and what was every mans business was no mans business. They
could make no use of improved methods of cultivation, new crops, better live
stock, or mechanical inventions. No doubt, however, there were, even prior
to the dawn of general agricultural improvement, a number of landowners
and farmers who took a pride in their cattle, which were then valued chiefly
for large size and for their working power as plough oxen. The earliest live
stock improvers were the sheep breeders, whose efforts were stimulated by
the importance and value of wool, fostered by legislation. The day for the
systematic improvement of cattle had not yet arrived. Still, something was
being done, perhaps unconsciously, in this direction. It is believed that
Darwin, in the following sentence in his work on Animals and Plants under
Domestication, rightly traces the origin of many of the distinct breeds of
cattle which were to be found scattered throughout the country. I conclude,
he says, that although slight differences in the nature of the climate, food,
etc., as well as changed habits of life, aided by correlation of growth and
the occasional appearance, from unknown causes, of considerable deviations
of structure, have all probably played their parts, yet that the occasional
preservation in each district of those *Landmarks of British Farming. By
R. E. Prothero. R. A. S. E. Jo-urmd, 1877. individual animals which were
most valued by each owner has perhaps been more effective in the production
of the several British breeds. As soon as two or more breeds were formed
in any district, or when new breeds, descended from distinct species were
introduced, their crossing, especially if aided by some selection, will have
multiplied the number and modified the characters of the older breeds. The
fact that the country was not liable to the introduction of alien breeds, except
when they were brought on account of their superiority, must have exercised
great influences in keeping varieties distinct, and not only the soil and the
climate (which are undoubtedly favourable to the development of healthy
and vigorous stock), but the insular position formed powerful agencies in the
preservation and development of breeds, the difficulty of communication
from one part of the Island to another being another contributory cause in
preventing promiscuous crossing. Though records of proceedings of breeders
are scanty, it is evident that a certain amount of selection was practised, and
at a very early stage special localities became noted for the excellence of their
breeds of stock.
It would be difficult to overestimate the influence of soil in the evolution
of breeds. Mr. P. McConnell has dealt with this subject in a very instructive
manner in his useful book on Agricultural Geology. * He says: Within the
last thousand or fifteen hundred years there has sprung up such a vast
diversity of breeds within our Islands as cannot be matched elsexvhere on
the surface of the earth on an equal area. That the complex geological
structure of these Islands is at the bottom of this divergence is the belief
1.5. THE DAWN OF IMPROVEMENT 11
of the present writer. On this special subject he dwells on the influence

of specific formations on individual breedssuch as that of the carboniferous
limestone on the Shorthorns.
1.5 The dawn of improvement

The improvement of the Shorthorn breed, when it took place, was not acci-
dental or fortuitous. It formed a well-defined part in the agricultural progress
which began immediately after the union of England and Scotland in 1707,
with the resulting mitigation of civil war. But the Union did not all at once
establish peace. In the year 1746 the battle of Culloden brought internecine
conflict in Great Britain to an end, and that, too, is the date when the real
improvement in the agriculture of the country commenced, though there
had been much prior preparation by men whose services to the State have
been *The Elements of Agricultural Geology. By Primrose McConnell, B.Sc.
Crosby Lockwood et Son, London. strangely overlooked. Among those who,
by their writings and labours, did much to lay the foundations of improved
English husbandry a few may be namedFitzherbert, Tusser, Weston, Blythe,
Gervaise Markham, Mascall, Hartlib, Evelyn, Bradley, etc. But the times
were then scarcely ripe for the vast changes that were about to follow. The
population was gradually increasing in number, and the food of the people
was becoming of improved kind and quality. Beef, milk, and mutton were
required in larger quantities. But the cattle had been kept mainly for pur-
poses of draught on the farm because oxen cost less than horses. They, it
was remarked, were shod only in the fore feet, did more on hilly ground, and
their winter keep was less expensive; they were mannes meat when dead,
while the horse is carrion. Moreover, as Mr. Prothero points out, No winter
keep for stock was provided, the common-field farmer could only fatten cat-
tle at the wane of summer. Then they had the aftermath of the meadows,
the stubble or haulm of the arable fields. After Michaelmas they steadily
declined, and only survived the winter in a state of semi-starvation. Hence
worn-out oxen or aged coxvs xvere slaughtered in the autumn and salted
for winter consumption. For Easter, at Martylmas, hang up a beef, is the
advice of Tusser.
1.6 Provision of winter food

This absence of winter food is the important fact which, along with the
prevalence of commons, accounts for the backward condition of cattle breed-
ing down to the period indicated. When clover and turnips were introduced
as field crops, one of the chief obstacles to cattle improvement was removed.
Jethro Tull (1691-1740) invented the seed drill which greatly facilitated the
field cultivation of turnips. He wrote :- I introduced turnips into the field
in King Williams reign, but the practice did not travel beyond the hedges
of my estate till after the peace of Utrecht ; which it may be noted was
concluded in 1713. A similar prejudice existed against clover. It was left
to Viscount Townshend, when he gave up high offices in the Government
and retired to his Norfolk estate from 1730 to 1738, to demonstrate that the
field cultivation of turnips and clover was practicable. This was followed by
a great revolution in British agriculture, due to the wide adoption of the
system of turnip husbandry. The largely increased population engaged in
industry, and in the receipt of good wages, required more animal food, and
it was now possible, by the provision of winter keep for stock, for farmers to
supply it, if they could obtain the materials for so doing.
1.7 Improvement of varieties

But the cattle then in existence were generally of a character unsuitable for
the purpose. Hitherto, as has been shown, they had been used mainly for
draught, and were remarkable for great size and roughnesscompactness of
form, good quality and early maturity being, in most cases, wholly absent.
No doubt there were individual herds in the hands of some private oxvners
which were far superior to the prevailing type, and there were also districts
of considerable extent in which something approaching to fine stock had
been developed. Gervaise Markham, in his book, A Way to get Wealth,
published in 1695, wrote :
I think fittest in this place, where I intend to treat of horned cat-

tle and meat, to speak first of the choice of a fair bull, being the
breeders principal instrument of profit. You shall understand,
then, that of our English cattle (for I will not speak of those of
Italy and other foreign countries) the best are bred in York-
shire, Derbyshire, Lancashire and Staffordshire, Lincolnshire,
Gloucestershire, and Somersetshire. Those bred in Yorkshire,
Derbyshire, Lancashire, and Staffordshire are generally all black
of colour, and they whose blackness is purest, and their hairs
like velvetwhite, with black tips; they are of stately shape, big,
round, and xvell huckled together in every member, short-jointed
and most comely to the eye, in that they are esteemed excellent
in the market. Those in Lincolnshire are, for the most part,
pyde, with more white than the other colours; their horns lit-
tle and crooked, of bodies exceeding tall, long, and large, lean
and thin-thighed, strong hoved, not apt to sorbate, and are in-
deed fittest to labour and draught. Those in Somersetshire and
Gloucestershire are generally of a blood-red colour, in all shapes
like unto those in Lincolnshire, and fittest for their uses. Now, to
mix a race of these and the black ones together is not good, for
1.8. EARLY BREEDERS OF SHORT-HORNED CATTLE 13
their shapes and colours are so contrary that their issues are very
uncomely. Therefore, I would wish all men to make their breeds
either simply from one and the same kind, or else to mix York-
shire with Staffordshire, Staffordshire with Lancashire, or Der-
byshire with one of the black races, and so likewise Lincolnshire
with Somersetshire, or Somersetshire with Gloucestershire.
These remarks, with their quaint expressions, are quoted merely to show
that various counties were then noted for the merit of their breeds, and
that some ideas were being discussed as to methods of breeding or crossing.
The generalities as to black and other colours are probably not of much
importance, as it is unlikely that the author would know more than super-
ficially the character of the cattle throughout the various districts of the
country. The phrase, black cattle, employed by some early writers was used
to distinguish that class of stock from horses, and did not apply exclusively to
the colour of the hair of the animals. Then, there were other local meanings
of the word black, further confusion arising from the use of blake a blake
nose meaning one that was dark yellow or flesh coloured, tinged with black.
In proof, however, of the fact that different districts had special breeds, it
may be noted that Craven, in Yorkshire, was celebrated for its Longhorns,
and the Teesxvater district of Durham and Yorkshire for its Shorthorns.
Reference will be made to the former variety again, but it is with the Short-
horns that we are mainly concerned here, and we have now reached the stage
when, instead of vague legend and speculation, it is possible to quote from
records that are well authenticated.
1.8 Early breeders of short-horned cattle

Enquiry will now be made as to the resources which the farmers of the
north-east of England, the eastern portions of the counties of York, Durham,
Northumberland, and also Lincoln, possessed for meeting the increased de-
mand for good cattle of a quick-feeding description, adapted for grazing,
milk production, and fattening, rather than for undergoing the labours of
the yoke. The names of the breeders, the record of whose services in connec-
tion with the early movement have not been wholly lost, may be mentioned,
and some indication given of the characters of their stock.
Writing in 1744, William Ellis, of Little Tuddesdon, in his book entitled
The Modern Husbandman, says : Of all the cows in England, I think none
come up to the Holderness breed for their wide bags, short horns, and large
bodies, which render them (whether black or red) the most profitable beasts
for the dairyman, grazier, and butcher. Some of them have yielded two or
three gallons at a meal. This is an early record of much value, and clearly
points to the existence, in one of the districts where the Shorthorn breed
was shortly afterwards established, of a race of cattle of considerable merit.
Then there is a well-supported tradition that the family of Smithson had

been in possession of a fine breed of Shorthorns at Stanwick from the time
they obtained the estate in the middle of the seventeenth century. Sir Hugh
Smithson, who married the heiress of the Percy estates, was created Duke
of Northumberland in 1765. He paid much attention to cattle breeding
at Stanwick, being known as the Yorkshire grazier. He was in the habit
of weighing his cattle and the food they consumed, so as to ascertain the
improvement they had made. Sir Edward Blackett, of Newby, near Ripon,
prior to 1702, had a valuable herd of Shorthorns, which he is said to have
inherited from his father. Mr. C. J. Bates states that Sir E. Blackett acted
in concert with the Aislabies, of Studley Royal, near Ripon, Yorkshire, and
the entrance hail of the splendid mansion which he built from the designs
of Sir Christopher Wren, was hung round with portraits of his celebrated
Short- horns. Their descendants remained at Newby until the sale of the
property about 1750. The Aislabie herd at Studley Royal was kept up for a
considerable time longer. From repeated references by early authorities to
their colour, it appears that the Studley Shorthorns were a white breed. Mr.
Storer mentions in Wild White Cattle of Great Britain that at the beginning
of the eighteenth century the Tankerville family were intimate, and, indeed
connected, with the family of Ais- labie, of Studley Royal, near Ripon, whose
celebrated white herd was destined later in the century to become the great
source of renovation and improvement in the old Teeswaters. It was derived
from unknown sources, but almost certainly not from the general cattle of
the adjoining county; it was much more likely that it originated from the
cattle of the monks of Fountains Abbey close by.
Michael Dobinson, of Witton Castle, in the county of Durham, had a
very fine herd which he improved by the importation of bulls from Holland.
George Culley, it may be noted, is the authority for the latter statement,
whick will be referred to again. About the year 1730, John Bates, of Aydon
(grandfather of the celebrated Thomas Bates, of Kirklevington), bought six
cows and a white bull of this herd from Dobinsons brother, who lived at the
Isle, near Sedge- field. Sir William St. Quintin, of Scampston, near Malton,
and Sir James Pennyman (who had estates and residences at Beverley Park
and at Ormesby in Cleveland) owned good herds, crossed with Dutch blood.
Their herds are said to have been derived from the stock of Mr. Aislabie, of
Studley Royal.
Mr. Milbank of Barningham, a village situated between Richmond and
Barnard Castle, obtained some of his stock from the Blacketts of Newby.
Among his purchases from Studley was the red and white Studley Bull (No.
626 in Coatess Herd Book ) stated to have been calved in 1737 and which
is described as having had a wonderful girth and depth of fore-quarter, very
short legs, a neat frame, and light offal. Mr. Sharter was a son of the
steward at Barningham, and on entering on Mr. Milbanks farm at Chilton,
he took with him Studley Bull 626, and some cows from Barningham. A
1.8. EARLY BREEDERS OF SHORT-HORNED CATTLE 15
five-year-old ox, bred and fed by Mr. Milbank, and killed at Barnard Castle
in April, 1789, weighed 177 stones, 11 lb. (the four quarters 150 stones, 4
lbs.; tallow, i6 stones; and hide, i6 stones, i lbs.).
George Culley (born 1730, author of Observations on Live Stock, pub-
lished in 1785) and his brother Matthew, when they removed from Denton,
near Darlington, in 1767, to Fenton, North Northumberland, brought with
them a herd of Shorthorns, which was regarded by Robert Colling as the
best lot he ever saw together. In the valuable article on Ancient Shorthorns,
published in Mr. Thornton’s Shorthorn Circular (1868), Mr. John Wright
(born at Lowfields, near Catterick, in 1784, and a well-known judge, orig-
inally proposed as the editor of the Herd Book) is quoted as saying that
his earliest recollections of Shorthorns were that they were large, massive,
expansive cows with great width and substance, hardy constitutions, mostly
red and white spotted, white bodies, necks spotted with red or roan, ears
red and head white, frequently black noses and rather long waxy horns. A
note is also made in the same article with reference to George Cowling, of
Ricknall Grange, Darlington, who bred from Teeswater cattle far back into
the eighteenth century.
Mr. John Maynard, of Eryholme, Darlington, seems to have had a su-
perior herd, as it was from it that Charles Colling bought the famous cow,
Favourite (got by R. Alcocks Bull 17), and her daughter, Young Strawberry,
by Dalton Duke 188; these traced back to a gray-coloured cow at Eryholme
in 1745. Other noted breeders of that early period were Mr. Marmaduke
Wetherell, of Dalton-on-Tees; Mr. Harrison, of Barmpton; Mr. Waistell, of
Great Burdon; Mr. Croft, of Barforth; Mr. Fawcett, of Haughton Hill; Mr.
Stephenson, of Ketton (who was breeding Shorthorns about 1739, and sold
his herd in 1769); Mr. John Hunter, of Hurworth (who bred the famous
bull Hubback 319 in 1777); Mr. Banks, of Hurworth; Mr. Alexander Hall,
of Haughton, near Darlington (the breeder of Haughton, dam of Foljambe,
263); Messrs. Best, Watson and Wright, of Manfield; Mr. Thomas Appleby,
tenant from 1756 of the lands of Stanwick (whence came the renowned fam-
ily of Duchesses); Mr. George Snowdon (who went to Hurworth in 1774,
and was the breeder of Snowdons Bull 612); Mr. John Charge, of Newton
Morrell (who repeatedly visited Bakewell prior to 1760; it was to him the
great breeder expressed his opinion that from the West Highland heifer the
best breed of cattle might be produced); Mr. Christopher Hill, of Blackwell;
Mr. Hollon, of Stressholmes, near Blackwell; Mr. R. Barker, of Oxon-le- C
Field; Mr. Thomas Hutchinson, of Sockburn; Mr. Robert Charge, of Low-
fields; Mr. Ralph Alcock, the owner, and Mr. Michael Jackson, the breeder
of the sire of Maynards cow, Favourite; Mr. Jacob Smith, Givendale, near
Brough; Mr. Jolly, of Worsall; the Joblings, of Northumberland, etc.
Without extending this list further, enough has been said to show that
a number of agriculturists were at work, some of them prior to the middle
of the eighteenth century, improving the cattle subsequently known as the
Shorthorn breed, and that their efforts had been crowned with sufficient
success to attract attention at a time when little notice was taken of the
doings of those engaged in this branch of agricultural progress. It is not
probable that they were all consciously carrying out the principles which
Robert Bakewell adopted about 1750 but in a less ambitious way they were
laying the foundations which enabled those who came after them to evolve a
breed that ultimately took the foremost rank as the great improving variety
of British cattle as regards the production both of meat and milk.
1.9 Cully’s testimony

Of course, the general stock of the districts in which these pioneers resided
was far inferior to that possessed by themselves. Of what that stock con-
sisted we learn from George Culley, whose Observations on Live Stock, pub-
lished in 1785, is one of the earliest authentic treatises on the subject, and
on which a great deal of the written history of British breeds of domesticated
animals has been based. Culley, as has been remarked, was born in 1730,
and became the intimate friend of Robert Bakewell, whose proceedings are
very fully described by him in his book. Under the heading, Neat Cattle,
he specifies six breeds.
The Short-horned, or Dutch kind, differ from other breeds in
the shortness of their horns, and in being wider and thicker in
their mould, consequently feed to the most weight; in affording
by much the greatest quantity of tallow when fattened; in having
very thin hides and much less hair upon them than any other
breed, Alderneys excepted. But the most essential difference
consists in the quantity of milk they give beyond any other breed;
the great quantity of milk, thinness of their hides, and little hair
is probably the reason why they are tenderer than other kinds,
Alderneys excepted.
Culley also stated that there were instances of cows giving thirty-six quarts
of milk per day, and of forty-eight firkins of butter being made from a dairy
of twelve cows, but the more general quantity was three firkins per cow in a
season, and twenty-four quarts of milk per day. He then added
It is said of this kind, and, I suppose, very justly, that they eat
more food than any of the other breeds, nor shall we wonder
at this when we consider that they excel in those three valuable
particulars, viz., in affording the greatest quantity of beeg tallow,
and milk. Their colours are much varied, but generally are red
and white mixed, or what the breeders call flecked; and when
properly mixed is a very pleasing and agreeable colour. There
are many reasons for thinking this breed has been imported from
1.9. CULLY’S TESTIMONY 17
the Continent. First, because they still, in many places, are

called the Dutch breed; secondly, because we find very few of
these cattle anywhere in this Island except along the eastern
coast, facing those parts of the Continent where the same kind of
cattle are still bred, and reaching from the southern extremity of
Lincolnshire, and the borders of Scotland. The Longhorns and
these have met upon the mountains which separate Yorkshire
from Lancashire, and by crossing have produced a mixed breed,
called half-longhorns, a very heavy, strong, and not unuseful kind
of cattle, but we do not find that the one kind have spread further
west nor the others further east. But, thirdly, I remember a
gentleman of the county of Durham (Mr. Michael Dobinson)
who went, in the early part of his life into Holland in order to buy
bulls; those he brought over were of much service in improving
the breed, and this Mr. Dobinson and his neighbours, even in
my days, were noted for having the best breed of Short-horned
cattle, and sold their bulls and heifers for very great prices. But,
afterwards, some other persons, of less knowledge, going over
brought over some bulls that in all probability introduced along
that coast the disagreeable cattle well known to the breeders
adjoining the River Tees by the appellation of lyery, or double
lyered, that is, black fleshed; for, notwithstanding, one of these
creatures will feed to a vast weight, and though fed ever so long,
yet will not have, one pound of fat about it, neither within nor
without, and the flesh (it does not deserve to be called beef)
is as black and coarse grained as horse flesh. However, by the
pains of breeders, this useless, disagreeable variety is now pretty
well out of the country; no man will buy one of this kind if he
knows anything of the matter, and if he should become taken
in he will remember it for the future. People conversant with
cattle very readily find them out by their round form all over,
particularly their buttocks, which are turned like a black coach
horse, and the smallness of their tails. But they are best known
to the graziers and dealers in cattle by the feel or touch of the
fingersindeed, it is this nice touch or feel of the hand that in a
great measure constitutes the judge of cattle. This breed, like
most others, is better or worse in different djstricts, not so much,
I apprehend, from the good or bad quality of the land, as from a
want of attention in the breeders. In Lincolnshire, which is the
furthest south that one meets with any number of this breed of
cattle, they are, in general, more subject to lyer or black flesh
than those bred further north, and in that rich part of Yorkshire,
called Holderness, they are much the same as those of which we
have been speaking.
In the later edition of his book, published in 1792, Culley remarks, that
in a journey through Lincoinshire in 1784 he was happy to find that many
sensible breeders had improved their breed of Short-horned cattle very much
since his tour in that fine county ten years previously, by using good bulls
and heifers brought from the counties of Durham and York on both sides of
the Tees, where the best were confessedly bred.
Continuing the account of the breed in the original edition of his book,
Culley says :
It is a fact that as soon as we cross the Yorkshire wolds northward

we find this breed alter for the better ; they become finer in
the bone, in the carcase, and in a great measure free from that
disagreeable lyery sort which has brought such an odium upon
this, perhaps the most valuable breed. When you reach that fine
country on both sides of the River Tees you are then in the centre
of this breed of cattle, a country that has long been eminent for
good stock of all kinds, the country where the Dobinsons first
raised a spirit of emulation amongst the breeders, which is still
kept up by Messrs. Hill, the Charges, the Collings, Maynard, etc.
The object of extraordinary large size is not now so much the
pursuit of the enlightened breeders of this neighbourhood, as the
more valuable property of getting fat at an early age, and they
have, so far, obtained this end as frequently to sell their three-
year-old steers to the butchers exceeding fat in May at twenty
pounds apiece.
1.10 The Dutch importations

These somewhat lengthy quotations from George Culleys writings have been
made because he is a good witness, familiar with his subject and with the
district, while he seems to have endeavoured to give the best information he
could personally obtain. It is very likely that in some parts inaccuracies have
crept in, and it seems probable that he attached an exaggerated importance
to the influence of the Dutch importations, which were not apparently so
great as he supposed. His statement that any Dutch cattle were imported
has indeed been widely challenged. The first to enter a protest against it
was Mr. John Hutchinson, of Sockburn, in his entertaining pamphlet on the
Sockburn Shorthorns. Mr. Hutchinson called in question the assertion that
Michael Dobinson, or any one else, imported Dutch cattle, and quoted the
Act of Charles II. (1666), prohibiting the importation of all great cattle as
a common nuisance, while he claimed that no official record had been found
of cattle having been landed from Holland. There can, however, scarcely
be any doubt that Culleys testimony is sufficient to establish the fact of
the importations, although, as already mentioned, he probably attached
1.10. THE DUTCH IMPORTATIONS 19
too much importance to the effect of the infusion of Dutch blood. William
Ellis, in the Modern Husbandman (1744), also referred to Dutch or Flanders
white cows that had been imported prior to that date, and another author
in 1756 wrote about the fine Dutch breed, having large legs, short horns,
and a full body. They are to be had in Kent and Sussex, and some other
places, where they are still carefully kept without mixture in colour; they
will yield two gallons at a milking but, in order to do this, they require
great attendance and the best of food. The introduction of the murrain into
England about 1745 was attributed to traders bringing over to Essex some
calves which they had purchased in the Low Countries. We have already seen
that cattle were imported from the North of Europe at a very early period
in the history of the country, and it is supposed that there were frequent
interchanges of these between Britain and the opposite shores. Of course the
cattle imported by Dobinson and others about the middle of the eighteenth
century did not resemble the well-known black and white Dutch breed that
is now so famous for its deep milking properties. The cattle imported were
no doubt of the same type as those represented in the pictures of Paul
Potter, Rubens, Cuyp, and Tenniers, of unimproved Shorthorn character,
and in this connection it is interesting to read in Mr. Thorntons paper on
Ancient Shorthorns, already quoted, that so recently as 1838 the late Mr.
William Torr, when travelling in Holland, visited the Utrecht fair and saw
a large number of animals fully resembling ordinary Shorthorns; they were
rare milkers, had tolerable formation, a good skin, mellow handle, and nice,
waxy horns, and with every variety of colour.
It is quite clear that these imported Dutch cattle did not create the
Shorthorn breed and that the alternative title of Teeswater or Dutch, given
by Culley, is a complete misnomer. The Dutch bulls of superior stamp
brought over by Michael Dobinson would seem to have helped to improve
the breed and these animals, having been bred from milking strains, the
dairy properties especially appear to have benefited; but these infusions
made no more real difference in the general character of the breed than
the various other ingredients which were used in the composition of this
remarkable race of cattle. The murrain in i7z devastated the herds of
Holland, destroying more than two hundred thousand cattle, and to a large
extent the old breed was then lost. This is, perhaps, the explanation of
the inferiority of the animals that were subsequently introduced from that
country, and which, in so far as they were used, evidently exercised a most
adverse influence on the Shorthorn breed. Before the time of the Collings,
about 1783, importations had wholly ceased.
1.11 Struggle between Shorthorns and Longhorns

The next stage of improvement brings us to the time when there was a great
struggle for supremacy between the Short- horn and the Longhorn breeds.
The latter is supposed to have been much improved in Ireland, the humid
climate of which country admirably suited its development. Early in the
eighteenth century it was famous, as has been seen, in the Craven district
of Yorkshire and throughout Lancashire. It spread all over the Midlands,
and there were indeed few counties in which a cross had not been tried
between it and the native stocks. It was certainly the predominant breed
at the period when the demand arose for finer cattle and more of them.
Robert Bakewell quickly apprehended the new era that xvas opening for
stock breeding. He was born in 1725 and died in 1794. It is generally
believed that he commenced his operations as a breeder about 1750, soon
after Jethro Tull and Lord Townshend had s sively cultivatincx turnips hown
the practicability of exten- and clovers in the field, which, as stated, effected
a revolution in the breeding and management of stock. Bakewell adopted the
Longhorn breed as being the most widely distributed in his day, and to them
he applied those principles of breeding which are now so familiar. Culley
(himself a Shorthorn breeder) was a great admirer of Bakewell, and he gives
in his book, published in 1785, a comparison between the Shorthorns and
the Longhorns, the latter of which, he remarked, were then in possession of
the best and greatest part of the Island. He then proceeds to observe
These two rival breeds (between whom it has long been a dispute
with the breeders of both which are the best and most advanta-
geous) have been variously intermixed in different parts of Great
Britain ; but it is the two unmixed distinct breeds that we now
mean to compare; and to the best of our knowledge point out
their different perfections and imperfections, and then leave the
candid, experienced reader to form his own judgments. We have
already observed that the Longhorns excel in the thickness and
firm texture of the hide, in the length and closeness of the hair,
in their beef being finer grained and more mixed and marbled
than that of the Short- horns, in weighing more in proportion
to their size and in giving richer milk. But they are inferior to
the Shorthorns in giving a less quantity of milk, in weighing less
upon the whole, in affording less tallow when killed, in being
generally slower feeders, and in being coarser made, and more
leathery or bullish in the underside of the neck. In a few words,
the Longhorns excel in the hide, hair, and quality of the beef;
the Shorthorns in the quantity of beef, tallow, and milk. Each
breed has long had, and probably may have, their particular ad-
vocates; but, if I may hazard a conjecture, is it not probable that
1.12. IMPROVEMENT BY THE BROTHERS COLLING 21
both kinds may have their particular advantages in different situ-

ations? Why not the thick, firm hides, and long, close-set hair of
the one kind be a protection and security against those impetu-
ous winds and heavy rains to which the west coast of this Island
is so subject; while the more regular seasons and mild climate
upon the east coast are more suitable to the constitutions of the
Shorthorns? When I say the Longhorns exceed the Shorthorns
in the quality of the beef, I mean that preference is only due
to the particular variety of Longhorns taken notice of before as
selected, improved, and recommended by that attentive breeder,
Mr. Bakewell, for, as to the Longhorn breed in common, I am
inclined to think their beef rather inferior than superior to that
of the generality of Shorthorns, and there is little doubt that a
breed of Short-horned cattle might be selected equal, if not su-
perior, to even that very kindly-fleshed sort of Mr. Bakewells,
provided any able breeder, or body of breeders, would pay as
much attention to these as Mr. Bakewell and his neighbours
have done to the Longhorns. But it has hitherto been the mis-
fortune of the Short-horned breeders to pursue the longest and
biggest-boned ones for the best, without considering that those
are the best that pay the most money for a given quantity of
food. However, the idea of our Short-horned breeders being now
more enlarged, and their minds more open to conviction, one
may hope, in a few years, to see great improvements made in
that breed of cattle.
It will be noticed, of course, that Culley was dealing with the Longhorns
as improved by Bakewell, whose good work he was not likely to minimise,
whereas the Shorthorns had not on a large scale then been subjected to the
systematic improvement that subsequently led to their widespread adoption.
In the later edition of his book, Culley indeed himself added this footnote :
I am glad to find my hopes have been well founded, because,

since the publication of the first edition of this work, a very
rapid improvement has taken place in the breeding of Short-
horned cattle, so that in a few years, I have reason to think,
they will surpass their rivals, the Longhorns.
1.12 Improvement by the brothers Colling

In these remarks Culley knew well what he was speaking about. Doubtless
he had in view, when he wrote as to the able breeder or body of breeders who,
he hoped, would undertake the improvement of the Shorthorn, the very men
whom he considered best qualified for the task. He was an intimate friend
of Bakewell, as we have seen, and he was also a friend of Charles Colling

of Ketton (born 1750, died 1836) and Robert Colling of Barmpton (born
1749, died 1820), the men who were to accomplish for the Shorthorn even
more than Bakewell had done for the Longhorn. At the instigation of Culley,
Charles Colling made a prolonged visit to Bakewell at Dishley in 1783, and
his brother also went to the same place. There they studied the system of
breeding carried out by the master of the art, examined the animals of his
breeding, and his method of farming. What excellent use they made of the
information thus placed at their disposal will be seen later; but we may so
far anticipate as to state that Culleys hope was thoroughly realised, and
when, in 1835, Youatt wrote his work on Cattle, the battle of the breeds
had been fought and wonthe Longhorns were everywhere being displaced by
the Shorthorn. It is not evident that the Longhorn breed really benefited
permanently from the fact that it passed through Bakewells hands. The
early maturing properties of the breed were doubtless improved, the quality
of the flesh became better, and the bone was made finer. But whether
or not the specimens selected by him had already been very closely bred,
it is, at any rate, asserted that the intense system of in-and-in breeding
adopted by Bakewell impaired the milking properties, rendered the cattle
more delicate, and made the cows shy breeders. Of course, the Bakewell
strains were widely adopted, and it is said that these imperfections, which
did not characterise the animals in the older herds, caused the breed to lose
popularity with rent- paying farmers, and so the incursion of the Shorthorn,
with its splendid combination of flesh and milk, proved well-nigh irresistible.
The defects in the Shorthorn mentioned by Culley soon disappearedthe hair
became very plentiful, the hides were of quite medium thickness, the cattle
were much hardier, fed more rapidly, and the quality of their flesh was very
good.
The work of the Collings, their contemporaries and successors will be
fully described in the pages which follow; but, to complete this introductory
review, a brief indication may now be given of the chief results that came
from the operations of the brothers Colling. After their visits to Bakewell
about 1783 they returned with the determination to do for the Shorthorns
what they conceived he had accomplished for the Longhorns, and to adopt
the same system. Bakewell’s principles of breeding may here be summarised
as follows: He maintained that by the exercise of intelligent care in selection
it is quite possible to get beasts to weigh where you want them to weigh
in the roasting instead of the boiling pieces; that the shape should give the
greatest value in the smallest compass; that the shape which does that is
correlated with a hardy constitution and great readiness to fatten; that the
shape of a barrel, swelling in the middle, and gradually lessening towards the
ends is the true model, and that the smaller the bone the truer the shape,
and the better consequently the return for food consumed. The breeder,
he declared, must find the best machine for turning the direct products
1.12. IMPROVEMENT BY THE BROTHERS COLLING 23
of the land into products of higher value as food for man. He scouted
the old notion that the blood must be constantly varied by the mixing of
different breeds, and challenged the world to show him a herd of cattle,
or a flock of sheep of high credit, bred on the old system for great bone
by the crossing of herds or from evei varied blood. In his own herd and
flock he showed the results of breeding according to the new system, which
differed from the old mainly upon these two pointssmall versus large bone,
and permissible in-breeding versus perpetual crossing with strange breeds
or strange families. The Collings did not themselves possess a sufficient
supply of the necessary materials (though their father owned good cattle,
and was a successful breeder), so they pursued a course similar to that
which had been carried out by Bakewell himselfthey carefully selected the
best specimens of the Shorthorn race which they could secure from others,
and having obtained the foundation stock required, they then proceeded to
apply the system of in-and- in breeding, in fact they probably carried this
further even than Bakewell himself had done. The results were marvellous,
and the area of the breed increased rapidly. Wherever they went the stock of
the Collings brought quick improvement in the essentials of meat and milk.
Advertisement was resorted to by the exhibition, for a time, of breeding stock
at the few shows then available for them; while a wider public was reached
by the fattening and exhibiting of such animals as Chas. Collings Durham
Ox and R. Collings The White Heifer that Travelled, both by Favourite 252.
It has not been considered necessary to quote full details as to the very
old and excessively fat Shorthorns that were produced towards the close of
the eighteenth century. No doubt they created a great impression at the
time on account of their gigantic size and immense weight, but when their
ages and their ungainly shapes are taken into consideration, they cannot
be regarded as illustrations of economical feeding and management, or as
examples of success in realising ideas of symmetrical forms. It is much more
to the purpose to have Culleys testimony that, through the instrumentality
of the improved mode of breeding, farmers were enabled to feed off their
bullocks at three years old. Nor have we reproduced here the remarkable
pictures of these huge animals in which some of the artists gave free scope
to the spirit of exaggeration and succeeded in depicting cattle that were
certainly remarkable for bulk and patchiness, features which would be
fatal to their chance of acceptance from any company of practical feeders
of the present day. Of course the taste of the public was not then educated
as to what constitute the most desirable points of animals. Breeders had
to cater for their customers and when the working classes first began to
frequently eat butchers meat they required plenty of fat. When Bakewell
was told by a wealthy patron that the mutton of his sheep was too fat, his
retort was that he did not breed for a few rich families, but for the labouring
people.
It would, however, leave a gap in this account if all reference to these
remarkable weights were omitted, and their publication during the end of the
eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century unquestionably secured
the object of attracting attention to the breed. Mr. Bailey, in his account
of the Durham cattle, wrote: The visitants of Bakewell, having seen what
he had done with the Longhorns by selection, and at how much earlier ages
they got fattened, were induced to try what could be done by similar means
with the Shorthorns, and several selections were made for this purpose with
great success. One of the first examples showing the capabilities of the
Teeswater breed for immense fat and great weight was an ox of Mr. Hills
of Blackwell, killed at Darlington, December 17, 1779, at seven years old.
Two fore quarters weighed 75 st. 7 lbs.; two hind quarters, 76 st. lbs. ;
tallow, i i st. ; total, 162 st. io lbs. (sold for 109 us. 6d.). Next are given
the weights of the Barningham ox, which have already been quoted. Mr.
Bailey adds: It was thought at that period no ox could be made fat under
five years old. I remember going to see a curiosity in 1786, a steer three and
a half years old of Mr. Robinsons, of Hutton, that was supposed to weigh 80
st. (i4 lbs.), and was sold for 205s. per stone being a great price then. The
live weight of Charles Collings Durham Ox, calved in 1796, was 3024 lbs.
in 1801 when he was sold for exhibition at 140. In February, 1807, he was
killed, his four quarters weighing i65 st. 12 lbs. ; tallow, ii st. 12 lbs. ; hide,
io st. 2 lbs. ; total, 2620 lbs. It is stated that the live weight of this famous
animal at ten years old was 34 cwt., or about 3800 lbs. Mr. Neshams steer,
three and a half years old, obtained the premium offered by the Durham
Agricultural Society, and his weight was, four quarters, 96 st. i lbs.;tallow,
ii st. 7 lbs.;hide,8st. A steer belonging to Major Rudd, slaughtered in 1811,
when three years and thirteen days old, weighed 96 st. the four quarters.
Mr. Robertson of Ladykirk gave Mr. Youatt the weights of Shorthorns bred
and fed by him, with few exceptions on vegetable food, as follows :(1794)
an ox, four years and ten months old, four quarters, 145 st. 3 lbs.; tallow,
24 st. 7 lbs. (i 794) a steer four years old, four quarters, uo6 st.; tallow, 19
st. 7 lbs. (1814) a steer three years and nine months old, four quarters, 101
st. ; tallow, 15 st. (1815) a steer three years and eleven months old, four
quarters, 112 st. 7 lbs.; tallow, 26 st. (1817) a steer three years and txvo
months old, four quarters, 95 st. 10 lbs.; tallow, 17 st. 10 lbs. (1822) an ox
four years and a half old, four quarters, 135 st.; tallow 21 st.; a steer three
years ten months old, four quarters, 124 st. ; tallow, 17 st.
The Collings and their contemporaries, it is believed, improved upon
the practice of Bakewell. They succeeded in effecting an equal ameliorative
influence on the breed which they adopted, and they had the wisdom not
to carry the principles of in-and-in breeding so far as to impair the useful
qualities of their stock. They went to the very limits of what could be done
with safety, and perhaps Charles Colling in some of his bold experiments
may have slightly overstepped the boundary of prudent management. But,
seeing that all the best specimens of the breed at the present day trace to
1.13. EVIDENCE OF OTHER OLD WRITERS 25
the Collings blood, it cannot be maintained that any permanent harm was
done; or, at all events, if there was any tendency to deterioration, measures
were successfully adopted to check it in time.
1.13 Evidence of other old writers

To complete this introductory sketch some further extracts are now added
from the works of other writers at the end of the eighteenth and beginning
of the nineteenth century.
Mr. Bailey, the Durham historian, wrote, in 1810, to the effect that the
cattle on both sides of the Tees have been known by the appellation of the
Teeswater breed. About 1740 their colour was red and white, and white
with a little red about the neck, or roan. These colours being similar to
those of the present improved breed of Shorthorns, make it probable that
they are descendants of the same race. The survey of the county of Durham
was written in 1796, though it was not published until later, and Mr. Bailey
said :
In this as well as in every other district I am acquainted with,
the occupiers of large farms have been the first to make improve-
mentsto introduce new implements, new modes of culture and
improved breeds of live stock. It is men of education and su-
perior intelligence, who travel to examine the cultivation ot dis-
tant counties and improved breeds of cattle, sheep, and other
animals, and who have capital to carry into effect whatever
they may think xvill improve their own districts. Messrs. Culley
and Charge were the first that led the way, and they have been
followed by Messrs. Colling, Mason, Taylor, Nesham, Seymour,
and many others by whose exertions of judicious selection this
district will be lastingly benefited.
Mr. W. Marshall (an authority who always paid special attention to the
qualifications of cattle for the purpose of draught) in his book on The Rural
Economy of Yorkshire (1788), says:
This (the inconvenience and danger of long horns in working oxen
of the Longhorn breed) was a sufficient inducement for adopt-
ing the Short-horned or Holderness breed; probably of Dutch
extraction. This change took place some forty or fifty years ago,
and the Shorthorn breed still prevails, though it has undergone
several alterations since its first introduction. The first vari-
ety of this species of cattle which I recollect was a thick large-
boned, coarse, clumsy animal, remarkably large behind, with
thick gummy thighs; always fleshy, but never fat, the flesh being
of bad quality. The unprofitableness of the Dutch breed being
evident, men of discernment began to set about improving it. In

the course of the last twenty years the bone has been lowered,
the hind quarters reduced, and the flesh and fatting quality very
much improved, not by foreign admixtures and unnatural cross-
ings, but by choosing the cleanest and best-fleshed bulls and
heifers from among their own or their neighbours stock. It is
very observable, however, that in effecting this improvement the
horn has been considerably lengthened. . . . But a variety new
to the Vale is noxv getting into itthe Teeswater breed, a variety
of the Short-horned species. This variety is established on the
banks of the Tees, at the head of the Vale of York, and is held
out as the true Yorkshire Short-horned breed. Be this as it may,
much attention has been bestowed on its establishment, and it
appears to be, at present, a most valuable breed of cattle, valu-
able, I mean, to the grazier and butcher; the bone, head, and
neck are fine; the chine full, the loin broad; the carcase through-
out large and well fashioned, and the flesh and fatting quality
equal, or perhaps superior, to those of the present breed of the
Vale, which, however, appear to be more active, more athletic,
and fitter for the yoke or harness.
Mr. Marshall, in his General Treatise on Cattle, published in 1805, re-

marked of the northern Shorthorns (including the Teeswater, Lincoln, and
Holderness or Yorkshire and Tweed- side Shorthorns) that they were the
largest breed in Britain. They were, he added, an original species, but
whether those of the northern counties xvere so or not could not be ascer-
tained; that is to say, whether they were aboriginal or were imported in
very early times, as they knew they had continually been during several
centuries. This breed had long been in possession of the coast and districts
of Northumberland, Durham, York, and Lincoln, meeting and intermixing
with the Long- horns to the westward, but not extending so far toward the
south. Opposite in almost every respect to the Longhorn, this species had
great depth of carcase, yet with ample substance, large bone, thin hide,
and gave much milk which was not distinguished for its richness. In what
appears to be a quotation from another authority, as Marshall dissents from
the opinion given, it is further said
In no other country does there exist so excellent a breed of cattle

as those of Holderness, including all the useful properties. In
one, perhaps the most important respectgreat milking-they are
superior and even without rivals. Their beef is finer than that
of the old Shorthorn breed, and they fatten much earlier and
quicker, carrying still a vast depth of natural flesh and tallowing
within in the first degree. They are beautifully variegated in
1.13. EVIDENCE OF OTHER OLD WRITERS 27
colour, spotted, striped, and sometimes sheeted, red and xvhite

or black, brown and white.
In the report to the Board of Agriculture on the North Riding of York-
shire, Mr. Tuke, Jr., wrote (i794) :
The breed of cattle throughout the North Riding is the Short-
horned, except towards its western extremity, where some small
Longhorned cattle are to be met with, and also a mixed breed
between the two. The Short-horned cattle of the northern part of
the Vale of York and of Cleveland (where also considerable num-
bers are bred) are known by the name of the Teeswater breed,
and in the South of England by that of the Holderness cattle,
from the district of that name in the East Riding, where the
breed was either originally established, or first so improved as
to bring it into notice, and where, with the district now under
survey, the best of the breed is still to be met with. The district
is supposed to produce the largest cattle in the kingdom, and
several proprietors of stocks have of late years, at considerable
expense, attentively improved them; encouraged thereto by the
great prices given for cattle of this breed, in consequence of its
increasing reputation. . . . The cattle of the improved breed are
very large and handsome; their colour, light red or black blotches
distinctly marked on a white ground; their backs, level; throat,
clean; neck, fine; carcases, full and round; quarters, long; hips
and rumps, even and wide; they stand rather high on their legs,
handle very kindly, are light in the bone in proportion to their
size, and have a very fine coat and thin hide. The best farm-
ers breed and completely fatten their cattle; their steers (young
oxen) when three parts fat in the cut, after they are three years
old, sell for 13 to 18 each, and in the spring, when completely
fat, being then four years old, from 18 to 24 each. Very few oxen
in the northern part and Cleveland are used for draught.
Dealing with the West Riding of Yorkshire, Messrs. Rennie, Brown,
and Shireff (i7 4) stated that the stock of cattle might be classed under
four different heads. There was the Short- horned breed, which principally
prevailed on the east side of the Riding, and were distinguished by the names
of Durham, Holderness, and Dutch breeds.
Mr. Joseph Grainger, referring to Durham (1794), wrote that the cattle
were the Short-horned, of a good kind, still improving by the attention of
some breeders to a judicious selection of bulls and cows, and, perhaps, upon
every consideration of form, weight, produce of milk and butter, and, above
all, quickness of grazing they were not inferior to any in England.
Thus wrote Mr. Isaac Leatham in his report on the East Riding of
Yorkshire (i7 ) :
The cattle are of the Short- horned kind. The oxen, at a proper
age and fattened, weigh, when killed, from 6o to 110 stones (14
lbs.); cows, from 40 to 6o stones. The average of oxen weigh 70
stones, and of cows 48 stones. Those of the greatest size are bred
in the east part of the Riding.
In their account of Northumberland, Mr. John Bailey, of Chillingham

and Mr. George Culley, of Fenton, thus testified (i7 ) :
The Short-horned kind have been long established over the whole
county, the other kinds (Devonshire, Long- horned, Galloways,
Polls, and the wild cattle) are found only in the hands of a few
individuals, who have introduced them with a laudable desire of
comparing their merits with the established breed of the county.
Those who have Longhorns have generally given them up in
favour of Shorthorns, which have been much improved of late
years by the exertions and attention of a few enterprising breed-
ers, who have gradually improved them so far as to be sold fat
to the butchers at three and a half years old. The weight of
the carcases is, in general, from 6o to 8o stones (14 lbs. to the
stone) ; but there are instances of individuals attaining a much
greater weight. Sir H. Grey bred and fed two seven-year-old oxen
that weighed 152 st. 9 lbs. the four quarters only, and a spayed
heifer, 132 st. 6 lbs. Mr. Smith, of Togstone, had a coxv which
weighed 127 st. ii lbs. But large size is not now considered as
excellence. It is quick feeders, and those that lay on flesh on
the most valuable parts, and that have the least offal, which the
intelligent breeder wishes to be possessed of.
Mr. Wm. Robertson, of Ladykirk, the eminent Scottish breeder, wrote

early in the nineteenth century to the effect that,
Previous to the year 1788, when the great improvement took

place, there had been, perhaps for a century before, a very good
race of cattle known by the name of the Teeswater breed, in the
possession of yeomen and farmers of the names of Hill, Colling,
Charge1 Maynard, Brown, and, perhaps, a few more. Their feed-
ing qualities were good, and their cattle were of good weight,
rather of a duffy handling, something like chamois leather, and
many well shaped, gay in colour, and inclined to feed, but not
famous for much milk. A Mr. Maynard, who lived at Eryholme,
on the Yorkshire side of the Tees, had a cow which, by what hap-
pened after, appears to have had very good properties. This cow
was purchased by Charles Colling, of Ketton, near Darlington,
for thirty guineas. At this period the knowledge of the qualities
1.14. SUMMARY 29
of cattle by touching or handling them was in its infancy. The

father of the present Messrs. Colling had good cattle. There was
one old bull, Hubback, said to be from Sir Win. St. Quintin,
belonging to the Collings, that possessed many good properties,
and got many useful cows and bulls. The male progenitor of the
present race seems to have been chiefly a bull called Foijambes
Bull, bred by Charles Colling.
Mr. John Hutchinson, of Sockburn, in his pamphlet on the Sockburn

Shorthorns, written in 1822, describes the peninsula formed by the mean-
dering of the River Tees between High Coniseliffe and Park Knowle, near
Yarm, as a small district which from time immemorial had produced the
largest sheep and the best breed of Short-horned cattle in this Island. He
adds :
With respect to the Peninsular breed generally, my observations

lead me to believe that it was a mixture of the Dutch, the native
white breed that were preserved at Chillingham (which may not
improperly be called Albions) and of which breed no doubt were
those of Studley (from which Mr. Barkers bull was descended)
and the Kyloe, which last gave them their length of mossy hair,
their neatness of shape, quick, prominent eyes, and short legs.
1.14 Summary
We have thus briefly sketched the history of British cattle, so far as the
scanty materials that are available enable this to be done, and brought
the record to the time when systematic efforts were made to improve the
Shorthorn breed. A brief summary of the conclusions arrived at may now
be given. It has been seen that the race of cattle domesticated in this
country prior to the Roman invasion was of the Bos longifrons type; that
apparently the Roman legionaries used animals of this breed, and doubtless
improved the stock, while it may be that they also imported cattle from
Rome, though this supposition does not appear to be clearly established.
When the country was successively overrun by Saxon, Dane, and Norman,
these colonists brought cattle with them of the larger Continental breed de-
veloped originally many ages previously from the Bos primigenius, or zirus,
while most of the smaller bovine race of the natives were driven with their
owners into the interior. Naturally the influence of these larger varieties
would be most apparent near the landing places on the eastern coast, while
soil and climate exercised considerable influence. A long period of internal
unsettlement and warfare ensued, during which the traces of cattle history
are to a large extent lost, except that it appears that on large estates and
round the monasteries care was bestowed on live stock, and the white cattle
of the parks seem to date from that time. During this long interval, dis-
tinct breeds became associated with various districts, and the difficulties of
communication tended to retain them in a comparatively pure state. Then
with the extension of cultivation of the land an impetus was given to the
production of oxen of large size, partly for the purposes of husbandry.
The extension of turnips as a field crop enabled cattle to be kept in winter,
and the increasing population required a large supply of animal food and
milk. Then came the time when cattle were bred exclusively for quality and
quantity of meat, early maturity, and milking properties. l Thenever these
influences made themselves apparent there is evidence of a superior type
of cattle in the north-east of England, especially in the Teeswater district
of Durham and Yorkshire. The Holderness district of South-East Yorkshire
and North Lincolnshire also contained good cattle, more under the influence
of a Dutch cross. Instances are on record of landowners and farmers who,
from 1700 to 1750, devoted attention to the improvement of this breed. At
the outset throughout the country the idea was that cattle, as well as other
stock, should be improved by crossing with other varieties, and bulls were
imported from Holland, while there are traces of the White Park cattle, the
Longhorn, and the Highland (Kyloe) breeds having been used. But this
was only for a short time. These infusions of fresh blood did not alter the
current of the main stream which flowed on steadily, absorbing the various
tributaries which increased its volume and power. The good characteristics
of the old race xvere maintained, these qualities being the combination of
deep milking properties, good flesh, and a tendency to mature early.
From this nucleuswhich had acquired a distinct character and noticeable
merit prior to the beginning of the eighteenth centurythe Shorthorn was
to some extent improved by the older breeders even before the time of the
Brothers Colling, who, having a clear aim in view, and being endowed with
remarkable ability and skill, selected a number of the best specimens from
various sources, and applied the principles of breeding rendered familiar by
Bakewell. They quickly succeeded in developing the valuable breed which
rapidly established its superiority throughout the country, and has been
the chief means of the improvement of the cattle of the whole world.
The steps that were taken to produce these results will be traced in detail
in the following chapters, and some further testimony will now be adduced
to more fully describe the operations of the pioneers and early improvers.
Chapter 2
Systematic Improvement
Having traced the early history of the breed, a further detailed examination
will now be made of the measures that were adopted for bringing about its
further improvement. Two points have been brought out. One is, that good
Shorthorns existed on both sides of the line which marks the introduction
of Bakewells system of breeding about the middle of the eighteenth cen-
tury; the other, that the Shorthorn owes to the introduction of that system,
and particularly to the work of the brothers Coiling, its establishment as a
distinct and highly improved breed.
Turning to the patriarchal Shorthorns, we find Studley Bull 626, calved
in the year 1737, when Bakewell was a boy of eleven years. Studley Bull is
usually called The Studley Bull; but there were possibly several bulls known
by the same name, the bull at any time in use at Studley, where a good
stock was kept, being called, each in his day, The Studley Bull. Whether
all the Shorthorns tracing to a bull known by that name are descendants of
the one numbered 626, or whether different Studley bulls were the sires of
some of them, we can now only accept the oldest records as they stand, and
in any case the individuality of the bull numbered 626 is clearly defined. As
has been mentioned, he was bred by Mr. Sharter, of Chilton, from the good
old stock which had been long in the possession of the Milbank family at
Barningham; his colour, red and white, is recorded in the Herd Book, and
his wonderful girth, deep fore-quarters, short legs, neat frame and light offal,
have been described by an eye-witness. The Studley White Bull 627, a son of
Studley Bull 626, is described in the notes of George Coates as a good bull,
with extra good and large fore-quarters. Those bulls, father and son, which
may be taken as samples-probably beyond ordinary merit, yet still samples
as regards type-of a breed then knoxvn in the North- east Yorkshire and
South Durham, were born many years before Bakexvells work as a breeder
of Longhorns began in 1750 or 1751. They were evidently animals of great
merit, and of the true Shorthorn type, for they were gladly included in the
pedigrees of cattle afterwards bred by the Collings and their contemporaries,
31
32 CHAPTER 2. SYSTEMATIC IMPROVEMENT
who knew all about the character of those bulls. It is to be supposedand

the contrary is scarcely con- ceivablethat the possessors of cows of the like
character would take care to match them with the best bulls within reach,
and it is certain that the owners of less excellent cows would desire, and
when possible obtain (a matter of no great cost or difficulty in those days),
the services of those good bulls; so that a generally upward tendency, as
regards merit, would take placeand unquestionably did take placefor some
time before the Dishley system of breeding was known.
The brothers, Charles and Robert Colling, whose work as advancing
Shorthorn breeders was begun gradually more than a hundred and twenty
years ago, were occasional visitors at Dishley, and they learned and saw
enough to enable them shrewd men as they wereto follow Bakewell’s exam-
ple. Not many well-informed persons in these days would deny their right to
rank as foremost improvers of the breed. It may be true or untrue that they
found Shorthorns as good as any they bred; but suppose they never bred be-
yond the highest merit previously reached, yet did not the Shorthorn breed,
in their hands, become a power unknown before? Did not the Collings find
scattered a few good animals, loosely bred, and of dubious type, and leave a
breed distinct in character, and of marvellously great hereditary influence?
2.1 More about the pioneers

Who were the pioneers? Some answer to the question has already been
given. The word is intended to include those, and only those, breeders
who before and up to about the year 1780 worked in the direction of that
improvement which the brothers Colling, and some of their contemporaries,
by more systematic efforts, carried to a greater height within the following
thirty years.
It is said that the utility of in-breeding in the early stages of improve-
ment was discovered by Bakewell, and that the practice he had applied to
the Longhorn with great success, the Collings, with greater success, applied
to the Shorthorn. This is doubtless truenot the less true if it can be shown
that the pioneers had done something in the same way, in ignorance of part
of Bakewells system, or even before Bakewell laid the foundation of his herd.
The early records of Coatess Herd Book, if admissible as indisputable evi-
dence of the practice of early breeders, indicate in some instances continuous
breeding from near relations before the Collings began to improve the Short-
horns. A very notable case is that of the pedigree of Mr. Robert Colling’s
Princess, from the Studley Bull 626 down to Hubback 319, from which it
appears that brother and sister were paired in unbroken sequence for four
generations; and if it be granted that the first of the four pairs were possibly
only half brother and sister, still at the fourth generation the relationship
would be virtually almost as close as if own brother and sister had been
2.1. MORE ABOUT THE PIONEERS 33
paired in the first generation, inasmuch as the difference of blood would

amount to only one-sixteenth. The pedigree traces back to a cow by Stud-
ley Bull, and it is stated that the cow mated with Studley Bull 626 was bred
by Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, in the year 1739, two years after the birth
of Studley Bull, who was bred by Mr. Sharter, of Chilton. That cow by
Studley Bull was mated with Mastermans Bull, a son of Studley Bull. The
female offspring of that union was paired with Waistells Bull (sometimes
called Robsons Bull), a son of Mastermans Bull; the female offspring of
that union was paired with Snowdons Bull 612, a son of Waistells (Robsons)
Bull, and the female offspring of that union was paired with Hubback 319,
a son of Snowdens Bull; so that whether the male line of the sire of the
Hubback cow, or the order of sires in the female line direct be taken, the
reading is Hubback, Snowdons Bull, Waistells (Robsons) Bull, Mastermans
Bull, Studley Bull. If the pedigree of Princess had not come down to Herd
Book days through the hands of men who knew how to state pedigrees, and
who knew, too, the point at which persons inexperienced in such matters
often run off the line, one might lightly doubt the accuracy of a record which
sets forth, as having occurred before in-breeding was commonly considered
permissible, before this part of the system associated with Bakewells name
was known beyond the fences which enclosed the land he farmed, and before
Bakewell ever had a cow, four consecutive unions of brother and sister in a
Teesdale Shorthorn line!
The point to which reference has just been made the point at which
the uninstructed writer out of a record of ancestry (in those days yes, and
since those days) could easily, and did often, go wrong, was the earliest sire
of the line, if he happened to be a bull with a known pedigree. Suppose,
for the moment, for example, that a cow by Hubback was really the first
known dam of the line direct of Princess. A blundering scribe would put
down: Princess by Favourite, dam by Favourite, granddam by Hubback,
and then the recollection striking him Hello! that stops with a jerk but let
us see, theres more than that! Yes, Hubback had a pedigree: Ive got to
tack that on he would straightway proceed to add by Snowdons Bull, by
Waistells (Robsons) Bull, by Mastermans Bull, by the Studley Bull. The
writer has known parallel cases, and how many parallel cases the early Herd
Book records contain it is now impossible to guess. Those records, we must
bear in mind, were originally compiled from the recollections of old men
of what they themselves and their contemporaries had done, and seen, and
heard; sometimes from traditions three or four generations deep; from old
sale bills, such as were posted on barndoors and pinned up in the parlour
of the inn (for there were no catalogues in those days), and from other
sources, more or less trustworthy, more or less doubtful. Even the accuracy
of the notes of George Coates himself in many instances depended upon the
correct- ness of statements made to himself; and the people who made them
may have got muddled somewhat in genealogical mazes.
The Princess pedigree has been taken to illustrate a common blundering-

point in pedigrees, because it was at the moment before us, and because
upon it hangs the evidence, such as it is, of a remarkable instance of the
adoption of the practice of long and close in-breeding forty years before, and
up to the period when, the Collings began their work. If that pedigree to
Studley Bull be correct, the Collings had no need to go to Bakewell for a
new system; Bakewells originality of design disappears, as his practice was
behind that of the men of Teesdale, instead of being in advance of it, as
is generally supposed, and Charles and Robert Colling merely carried on a
system which had been adopted in Teesdale forty years before they began to
breed Shorthorns, and ten years before Bakewell began to breed Longhorns.
Mr. Thomas Bell in his History quotes largely from a writer, in 185 8,
who pointed out the fact that various and conflicting pedigrees of Princess
had been given; the pedigree at Sir Henry Vane Tempest’s sale in 1813
recording only Favourite 252 as her sire, and the same Favourite as her dam
s sire, and the first volume of the Herd Book, published in 1822, also ending
at the same place; but in the third volume, published in 1836, her pedigree
is extended to Studley Bull 626. So, too, is the pedigree of her grandson,
St. Albans (entered twice, under the number 1,412 in the second volume,
and under the number 2,584 in the third volume), whilst in the pedigree
of Belvedere, in the second volume, the pedigree of Princess stands thus :-
By Favourite 252, by Favourite 252, by Hubback 319, by Snowdons Bull
612, -by Master- mans Bull 422, by Harrisons Bull bought by Mr. Hall, of
Sedgefield, of Mr. Pickering. This was in the original edition. In the revised
edition of Bulls of the First, Second, and Third Volumes, the pedigree runs
on to Studley Bull. The editor of the revised issue of the first three volumes
accepted the extension of the pedigree of the Princess upon evidence which
doubtless satisfied him of its accuracy, and whether the extension be correct
or otherwise, there it stands, although the pedigree is probably just as good
without it as with it. There can be no doubt that Princess was one of the
best and most highly bred Shorthorn cows of her day, scarcely any doubt
that she was one of the best and most influential Shorthorn cows that ever
lived. Unless we admit as unquestionable evidence such a record as that of
the descent of Princess from Studley Bull, through her dam, we must go to
the practice of the Collings and others, who are believed to have penetrated
to some extent the mysteries of Dishley the principles observed by Bakewell
before we find systematic in-breeding established on the banks of the Tees.
Among the pioneer Shorthorn breeders known by name several have
already been mentioned, but the excellence of many of the early Shorthorns,
and the obscurity of their breeding, indicate a much wider basis of the breed
than the herds of the pioneers whose names have been given.
In order to indicate the connecting links between the older herds, and
those in which the systematic improvement was effected, and the Shorthorn
breed as now known was established, it is desirable to again refer to some
2.2. THE STUDLEY BULL 626 TO HUBBACK 319 35
facts that have been briefly mentioned. From an indefinitely early period
the Aislabie family of Studley Royal, near Ripon, Yorkshire, possessed an
excellent herd of Shorthorn cattle. These Studley cattle, which appear to
have been white in colour, formed a large and important element in the
composition of the improved Short- horn. From crossing with the yellow-
red and deeper red cattle the descendants of the Studley white Shorthorns
were of all colours, ranging from red to white, very beautiful shades of roan
being easily obtained, and much valued generally. The Blackett family, of
Newby Hall, also near Ripon, and the Milbank family, of Barningham, had
fine herds allied to the Studley cattle. On the Yorkshire wolds, Sir William
St. Quintin, of Scampston, and at Ormesby, in the Cleveland district of
the same county, Sir John and Sir James Pennyman, were early and leading
improvers. Michael Dobinson, a leading breeder in the county of Durham,
was another noted early improver, to whose work allusion has been made. In
the year 1731, a young farmer named Stephenson left the neighbourhood
of Ormesby, in Cleveland, where the Pennyman influence had done much to
promote the breeding of good cattle, taking with him to his new home at
Ketton, near Darlington, the foundation of a Shorthorn family, which he re-
tained at Ketton until the year 1769, when he sold his herd, comprising the
strain descended from the Ormesby stock, and retired into Scotland. At his
sale one of the Ormesby family, a small cow, but a good milker, exceedingly
neat and stylish, with remarkably long and straight hind-quarters, uncom-
monly good hair, and a great tendency to fatten quickly, was purchased
by Mr. John Hunter, of Hurworth, near Darlington. In his possession she
bred to a bull belonging to Mr. Banks, also of Hurworth, a daughter, also
a small cow, short-legged, fine in all points, rich to the touch, and an ex-
cellent milker. In the year 1774, xvhilst Sir James Pennymans work as an
improver of the breed was still in full fruition, one of his tenants, Mr. George
Snowdon, took a farm at Hurworth, and obtained as the nucleus of his herd
six cows and a bull from Sir Jamess herd. In addition to Mr. Milbank, of
Barningham, and Mr. Sharter, of Chilton, his stewards son, among other
early breeders who contributed to the advance of the Short- horn, prominent
mention is due to Messrs. Waistell, Charge, and Hill. Mr. Waistell, of Great
Burdon, near Darlington, was a man quite in advance of his day, improving
the breed in the county of Durham at so early a period that in the year 1770
his herd was accounted one of the best on that side of the Tees. There were
also Mr. Christopher Hill, of Blackwell, Messrs. John and Thomas Charge,
of Newton, Robert Charge, of Lowfields, W. Charge, and others.
2.2 The Studley bull 626 to Hubback 319

Further examination of the work of the pioneer Shorthorn breeders brings
before us the more noted of their animals, and particular attention is nec-
essarily directed to some of the patriarch bulls and their dams.

It is a pity that the compiler of the first volume of the Herd Book did
not take more care than he seems to have considered sufficient to ascertain
and record all the known dates of birth of the animals registered in it. Some
omitted dates were known, and should have been inserted; but the task
was a new one, and, with all its faults of execution, was, on the whole, in
its results so beneficial to the Shorthorn interest that any shortcomings or
oversights must be gently criticised, and as far as it is possible to do so the
Herd Book entries must be accepted, though a fexv dates will be supplied
to supplement the information given in the early volumes of the record.
In considering the generations added to the pedigree of Mr. Robert
Collings Princess, as originally registeredthe generations from Studley Bull
to Hubbackit was seen that one of the sires, William Robsons Bull, entered
under the number 558, was also called Waistells Bull, and entered in that
name under the number 669. Sometimes the one, sometimes the other,
name is given in the pedigree of his descendants. In some of the entries of
the Princess tribe the name of Harrisons Bull, of Barmpton, bred by Mr.
Waistell, of Burdon, is substituted for that of Waistells (or Robsons) Bullsee,
for example, the entry of Belvedere I 706but the number of Waistells Bull
669 is given. This gives a second alias, and we have, in one skin(i) Harrisons
Bull (of Barmpton), bred by Mr. Waistell; (2) Robsons Bull 558; and (3)
Waistells Bull 669. Searching now for a third entry to correspond with the
third name, we find
292 Harrisons bull (or Barmpton) bred by Mr. Waistell, of Burdon;
got by Mr. James Mastermans Bull 422.
This is exactly the record of Robsons Bull and Waistells Bull, given
under the numbers 558 and 669; and the pedigree of Hubback 319 supplies
the damMr. Waistells cow Barforth. We learn also from Mr. George Coates
and Mr. Thomas Bates notes, in Mr. T. Bells History, that Barforth was
the dam of Harrisons Bull, that she was the dam of Robsons Bull, and that
she was the dam of Waistells Bull ; but the question of identity of all the
three (of which the records here quoted afford strong presumptive evidence)
is reopened by a statement in Mr. L. F. Allens History, page 30, that Mr.
Bates in a private note had written that Harrisons Bull was by Studley Bull
626, dam Mr. Waistells cow Barforth; and further, by a statement by Mr.
Alexander Hall (Bells History, page ), which describes Harrisons Bull as
bred by Mr. Waistell, from the same cow with Mr. Robsons Bull. If this
statement be correct, it not only disproves the identity of Harrisons Bull with
Robsons-Waistells Bull, but also affects the accuracy of Belvederes record.
Mr. Alexander Halls whole statement, however, as given by Mr. Bell, is
not particularly clear; and, with regard to Mr. Bates note, if it be correctly
handed down, that Studley Bull was the sire of Harrisons Bull, it is very easy
to conceive the possibility of an inadvertent introduction of the name of the
2.3. HUBUACK 319 37
sire of Mastermans Bull (Studley Bull) instead of that of Mastermans Bull

himselg by a person who had the full knowledge possessed by Mr. Bates. A
man intimately conversant with pedigrees, and with the pedigree, especially,
about which he may happen to be writing, is sometimes really more liable
to error in stating it than the man who merely copies. The whole thingand
every part of it is on his mind; and slipping a link is a trick to which the well-
informed and rapidly-moving mind is more prone than the mind groping its
unaccustomed way among recorded facts. The strong consciousness of Mr.
Bates that Mastermans Bull was a son of the Studley Bull might easily cause
his hand to write the sires instead of the sons name.
Returning to double entries, one finds Mastermans Bull 422 entered also
as Walkers Bull 670; Dalton Duke i88, also as Wetherell and Maynards
Bull 691; and there are others some early, some of a little later datelikewise
entered in duplicate.
2.3 Hubuack 319

It has been seen that between Hubback and his earliest registered ancestor,
The Studley Bull, or Studley Bull, as he is more properly but less commonly
called, two sires are twice one of them, perhaps, is thrice entered. Hubbacks
own pedigree, as registered, could scarcely have been better constructed
than it is if the design had been to puzzle and confuse the minds of all
future seekers of the sources of the Shorthorn breed. It stands thus
(319) Hubback Yellow, red and white, calved in 1777, bred by Mr. John
Hunter, of Hurworth; got by Mr. George Snowdons j3u11 6i 2, d.
(bred by Mr. John Hunter) by a bull of Mr. Banks, of Hurworth,
g. d. bought of Mr. Stevenson, of Ketton,Hubback, by Mr. George
Snowdons Bull 612, (d. from the stock of Sir James Pennyman,and
these from the stock of Sir William St. Quintin, of Scampston), Mr.
George Snowdons Bull 612, by Mr. William Robsons Bull 558, bred
by Mr. Wastell, of Great Burdon, near Darlington, d. Mr. Wastells
Roan Cow, Barforth, Mr. William Robsons Bull 558, by Mr. Jas.
Mastermans Bull 422, bred by Mr. Walker, near Leyburn, Mr. James
Mastermans Bull 422, by the Studley Bull 626, bred by Mr. Sharter,
of Chilton.
The pedigree of Hubback 319, as thus given in the Herd Book, tells
us that certain strains of blood were known to run in his veins, but its
construction puts us in reasonable doubt as regards the channels through
which they flowed.
First it tells that Hubbacks colours were yellow, red, and white; but no
one living believes the statement to mean anything else than that he was of
a yellow-red colour, the old tawny or golden red which was common among
the early Shorthorns, with white markings. Secondly, there is the year of
his birth, 1777; then the name and residence of his breeder, John Hunter, of
Hurworth; then the name and number of his sire, George Snowdons Bull 612;
then it is stated that his dam, like himself, was bred by John Hunter; that
she was by a bull belonging to Mr. Banks, of Hurworth; and that her dam
was bought of Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton. This is all straight enough and
easily understood, but at this point the record begins again : Hubback, by
Mr. George Snowdons Bull 612(d. from the stock of Sir James Pennyman,
and these from the stock of Sir William St. Quintin, of Scampston) and so
forth. Whose dam was from the stock of Sir James Pennyman? Hubbacks
dam? Snowdons Bulls dam? Or the dam of Stephenson’s cow, previously
mentioned? The question is further involved by this additional information
: Mr. George Snowdons Bull 612, by Mr. William Robsons Bull 558 (bred
by Waistell, of Great Burdon, near Darlington, d. Mr. Waistells roan cow,
Barforth). Whose dam was Barforth? Snowdons Bulls dam? Robsons Bulls
dam?
It is unnecessary now to pursue the tangled line further. The following
two interpretations of the pedigree of Hubback, put in the form of modern
Herd Book entries; will show at a glance the questions arising out of the
construction of Hubbacks pedigree as registered
(No. 1.) - 319 Hubback Yellow-red and white, calved in 1777. Breeder,
Mr. John Hunter, Hurworth; sire Snowdons Bull 6i2, dam, bred by Mr.
John Hunter, by bull belonging to Mr. Banks, Hurworth, g.d. bought
of Mr. Stephenson, Ketton, gr. g.d. from the stock of Sir James
Pennyrnan, descended from the stock of Sir William St. Quintin,
Scampston.
This form is consistent with the supposition that the d. from the stock of
Sir James Pennyman was the dam of Hubback himself, or the dam of Hub-
backs granddam, which means virtually the same, inasmuch as the particu-
lars of Hubbacks dam and granddam had been just stated, so that, whether
the d. means Hubbacks dam or Hubbacks great granddam, it means that
the line of Hubbacks dam traced, through Stephensons and Hunters cows,
to Sir James Penny- mans stock, descended from the stock of Sir William
St. Q uintin. The alternative reading (number, name, colour, date, and
breeder taken as above stated) is
(No. 2.) sire Snowdons Bull 612, dam, bred by Mr. John Hunter, by a bull
belonging to Mr. Banks, Hurworth, gd. bought of Mr. Stephenson,
Ketton.
That is all. The pedigree of Snowdons Bull, as recorded under the num-
ber 612, is sufficient to agree with form No.1; but if form No. 2 be the right
one, then a serious omission has occurred in the statement of Snowdon’s
2.3. HUBUACK 319 39
Bull’s pedigree under the number 612. It is stated there that he was the sire
of Hubback, that he was bred by Mr. George Snowdon, and that he was got
by Mr. William Robson’s Bull 558. If the d. from the stock of Sir James
Pennyman in Hubbacks pedigree means the dam of Snowdon’s Bull, it may
be asked, Why was this not stated in the entry of Snowdon’s Bull? For that
entry, which is in the same volume with the entry of Hubback, the editor
of the Herd Book had all the necessary information to enable him to record
in its proper placethat is, in the pedigree of Snowdon’s Bull the descent
of Snowdon’s Bull from one of the oldest and choicest strains of Shorthorn
blood.
If form No. 2 contains the whole of Mr. George Coates’ information upon
the direct line of Hubbacks dam, and the dam from Sir James Pennymans
stock was the dam of Hubbacks sire, then we should read
612. Snowdon’s Bull (the sire of Hubback) Bred by Mr. George Snow-
don; sire Robsons (William) Bull 558, dam from the stock of Sir James
Pennyman, descended from the stock of Sir William St. Quintin,
Scampston.
In George Coates notes (Mr. T. Bells History, p. 368) we read
(612) Snowdon’s Bull, sire of Hubback Cow came from Sir W. St. Quintin,
which came to Sir James P. in 1795. A neat good beast. Mr. Oslers
father offered 50 guineas for him.
Whether the date, i79 here given is a misprint in Mr. Bells book, or an
error for which some one else than the printer or the author is responsible, it
is incorrect. Hubback, as we have seen, was calved in 1777. His sire, whose
date is not given, must have been calved before that year, say from at least
twenty to twenty-five years before 1795. Yet this note makes out the descent
of the dam of either Hubback or Hubbacks sire from stock transferred from
Sir William St. Quintin to Sir James Pennyman in 1795. This was clearly
meant for a long previous year. Yet the note is important, although its
meaning may be doubtful. If Cow in George Coates note means the dam
of Hubback, it confirms that reading of Hubbacks pedigree which has been
long accepted by some recognized authorities, the reading which the con-
struction of that pedigree seems to favour. If, on the other hand (as appears
more probable), Mr. Coates referred to the dam of Snowdons Bull, then
the note agrees with statements found elsewhere that Hubback had the St.
Quintin strain through his sire. In Mr. Bells History, p. 26, we read that
before Sir James ceased to breed cattle, his tenant (Mr. George Snowdon, of
Hurworth) brought to his farm, in 1774, six cows and a bull from Sir James
Pennymans herd.
The Rev. Henry Berry, in his historical treatise on the Shorthorn in
Youatts work on cattle, after referring to the alleged importations of Dutch
stock by Sir William St. Quintin, says of Hubback that it appears probable
he inherited on one side the imported blood, but he does not say on which
side.
Mr. Lewis F. Allen, who, as editor of the American Shorthorn Herd
Book, had gone deeply into the traditions of the early Shorthorn breeders in
this country, and had collected much documentary evidence, published, in
1872, a History of the Breed, in which (p. 38) the following passage occurs
The history of the cow Hubback’s dam is simply this: she was bred by Mr.
Stephenson, who had lived at Ketton before Charles Coilings day, and the
ancestors of the cow had been in Mr. Stephensons possession more than
forty years, as he had long been a Shorthorn breeder of the Pennyman and
Studley stock.
This testimony to the descent of Hubback, through his dam, from a
herd of the Pennyman or St. Quintin blood allied with that of Studley is
important, and, coming from an authority so well informed as Mr. Allen,
cannot be put aside lightly; although in thus recognizing the weight of Mr.
Allens authority it is necessary to point out that in one particular he is
evidently wrong, as there is, on the best authority, under Hubbacks pedigree
in the Herd Book, a certificate that Hubbacks dam was bred by Mr. John
Hunter, and not by Mr. Stephenson, from whom Hubbacks granddam was
purchased.
In Mr. Thorntons short but comprehensive essay on Ancient Shorthorns,
page 162 of the first volume of the Record of Shorthorn Transactions, we
read of Hubback that He was ”. . . got by Geo. Snowdons Bull, out of a
daughter of a cow bought from Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, from whose stock
Foljambes dam came. The sire of Snowdons Bull came from Mr. Waistells
stock of Great Burdon, and his dam, a handsome cow, remarkable for her
wide hips, from Sir James Pennymans.“
But in addition to the entanglement of his lines of ancestors as already
shown, Hubback had to stand the attacks of purists who declared he had
Kyloe blood in his veins. The weight of evidence now appears to be against
his having any known cross of Kyloe. In the year 1821, indeed, Major Rudd
wrote in the Farmers Journal, September i 5th
With respect to Kyloe descent, I can assure your correspon-

dent that I have not given my account from mere conjecture,
as he supposes. My information was derived from a most wor-
thy and respectable person, who assured me he had it from Mr.
John Hunter, of Hurworth, bricklayer, to whom the dam of Hub-
back belonged, and who bred Hubback by sending his cow to Mr.
George Snowdons Bull. Mr. John Hunter is now dead, and there-
fore this evidence is the best that can be had, unless some living
person knows the pedigree of Hubbacks dam, and can attest it.
2.4. HUBBACK’S STOCK 41
In the Farmers Journal for November 19th, 1821, Mr. George Baker, of
Elemore Hall, wrote
I have the authority of Mr. Charles Colling to say that he

always considered Hubback a thoroughbred Shorthorn bull. Mr.
John Hunter, of Hurworth, says his father bought Hubbacks dam
of Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, and that she vas a pure bred
Shorthorn. Mr. Alexander Hall, of Sherraton Hill Top, who lived
in the neighbourhood and remembers her and her calf Hubback
perfectly well, says she was a beautiful colour and handler, and
when she got on to good land near Darlington, she got so fat she
would not breed again.
On July 6th, 1822, the same John Hunter signed his famous certificate
of belief in the purity of Hubbacks blood on the dams side, printed under
the pedigree of Hubback in the Herd Book.
It should be noted here that Hubback 319 was one of the first bulls that
Charles Colling used at Ketton. Mr. Wright said that Charles Colling, going
into Darlington Market weekly, used to notice some excellent veal, and upon
inquiry he ascertained that the calves were got by a bull belonging to Mr.
Fawcett, of Haughton Hill. This bull was Hubback, who was then serving
cows at 1s. each. Mr. Waistell and Robert Colling bought the bull for 8
gs., and at a subsequent period Charles Colling purchased him from them
for the same amount.
In 1783 the first Agricultural Society for the County of Durham was
established, and in 1785 Hubback was awarded the premium for the best
bull. C. Colling sold Hubback, when ten years old, in October, 1787, to
Mr. Hubback, near Newbiggin, in Northumberland, for 30 gs. During the
remaining three or four years of his life his stock (even from inferior cows)
continued to excite the admiration of breeders.
2.4 Hubback’s stock

From Hubback 319 the Improved Shorthorn breed is found to branch out.
Was Hubback, then, a bull of ineffable merit? Was he an accidental marvel
of excellence? One cannot return an unqualified affirmative to either of these
questions. That there was something very taking about his appearance is
evident from the favour he found with good judges, notwithstanding his
comparatively small size, when the fashion was altogether for big animals;
and from the scraps of description that have come down to us, there can
be no doubt that both he and his dam were kindly feeders, mellow to the
touch, symmetrical, and not characterized by the coarseness of bone which
belonged to the great roomy Shorthorns of that day. On both sides of his
pedigree, as has been seen, there is reason to believe his blood was as good
and as pure (if one may so use the term) as that of any Shorthorn in the
land. It does not appear, however, that either Hubback or his dam was
regarded as anything very singular in merit. His dam was a poor mans cow
and, in all probability, one of a stamp not uncommon in the district in which
she was bred. What was it that gave Hubback his place at the head of the
breed? Was it more than his great but not singular merit, coupled with
the accident of his passing into the hands of Charles Colling, and becoming
a sire under the eyes of observant breeders, in the nick of time, just when
the system of Bakewell the reduction of size in favour of form, quality, and
refinement was gaining credit in the North of England? It certainly appears
that Hubbacks value was never fully understood until after his life-time,
when the advantages of crossing large, open-built cows with bulls of close-
knit frame and fine bone were beginning to be appreciated, and illustrations
were found in the great improvement of Hubbacks stock upon the Shorthorn
stock of the country generally, in the hands of men who knew how to assort
cattle for breeding. Hubback, no doubt, was an exceedingly good sire, but
we shall never now discover how many equally good sires of about his day
lived and died unknown because they did not happen to come under the
notice of breeders competent to make the best use of them. Indeed, if
the Collings and Waistell had known, whilst Hubback was available, how
valuable a bull of his stamp and breeding was for the special purpose of
refining the Shorthorn, assuredly they would have got more use out of him
than they did get. Perhaps the supply of his stock was at the time quite
equal to the demand for Shorthorns of refined character. The older men,
as a rule, would continue to prefer the rough old type; the younger men
might be educated up to the capability of appreciating the improvements at
Ketton and Barmpton.
Two bulls, certainly, are registered as sons of Hubback Broken Horn 95,
and Lame Bull 358, both bred by Mr. Robert Coiling, and both entered
as by Hubback, and their dams also by Hubback. In some pedigrees there
are references to a son of Hubback or a grandson of Hubback, from which it
would appear that more sons of Hubback than those registered were used as
sires; and Charles 126 is entered as by Hubback or Foljambe, whilst Charless
Bull i 8 i is registered as by Foljambe 263, dam by Hubback.
We find as daughters of Hubback the granddam of Mr. C. Collings For-
tune, a foundation-dam of several tribes and many families; the great grand-
dam of old Bright Eyes (the source of a famous Barmpton tribe, with its
branches); the daughter of the Stanwick Duchess (Mr. Bates Duchess tribe);
the granddam of Mr. C. Collings Old Daisy; Foljambes 263 dam; the grand-
dam of Mr. R. Collings Princess; the great granddam of Mr. R. Collings
Red Rose (Mr. Bates Cam- bridge Rose tribe); the dams of Lame Bull 358,
and Broken Horn 95; the granddam of Colonel Trotters Russell (source of
the Knightley Sylph, Sweetheart, and Charmer lines); the granddam of Mr.
Wetherells Cora (Vol. I., p. 244); the dam of Mr. Robertsons Signior 588;
2.5. ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF EARLY SHORTHORNS 43
the dam of Mr. C. Collings Old Cherry; the granddam of Yarborough 705 ;
the granddam of Mr. R. Collings Wildair; the great granddam of Marquis
407; the great granddam of Marske 418; and the ancestresses of several other
noted Shorthorns; but as there is doubt in some cases whether they are not
duplicates of cows already mentioned, and in other cases we are convinced
that they are (luplicates, we shall not further enumerate.
2.5 Another account of early Shorthorns

Mr. Win. Parlour, Croft, Darlington, who has devoted much time to the
study of early cattle records in the north, and who is a resident in the
famous district associated with the improvement of the breed, contributes
the following sketch
Cattle breeding in the north at the time the Collings began

their great work was, speaking generally, in a backward and un-
satisfactory condition. When Arthur Young travelled through
the district in 1770, he found nothing in.the cattle on the banks
of the Tees to praise or extol, patient observer though he was;
and some of the other local records of the period are surprisingly
silent on the characteristics of the cattle. We learn how it was
the duty of a certain person in each village to provide a bull for
the common use of the village cowkeepers, but what we learn
of the cattle themselves is very meagre and wanting in detail.
From this we may assume that cattle were not considered of
supreme importance, and that from any but a comparatively
limited number they received but slight attention.
There is little wonder that the leading agriculturists of the
period were dissatisfied with this state of affairs and that nu-
merous efforts were made to improve the breed as it then ex-
isted. There were many signs of unrest. Intro- ductions were
made from districts as widely apart as Devon on the one hand
and the Lowlands of Scotland on the other, for the purpose of
obtaining beneficial crosses, or of grading up the native cattle.
Even foreign countries were drawn upon. Dobinson, of Sedge-
field, imported repeatedly from Holland, and others followed his
example, though with less success. So extensively was this Dutch
cross talked of that in Culleys Observations on Live Stock, the
breed of cattle from which Shorthorns derived their name, if not
their descent, is entitled The Shorthorned, or Dutch kind.
A feature, peculiar to this period, dating from about 1770,
and scarcely likely to have been without influence in the forma-
tion of the modern Shorthorn, must not be passed over with-
out notice. It was a development of cattle-breeding on the lines
of size and weight, the outcome of keen rivalry on the part of

yeomen anxious to outdo each other in the production of the
biggest and fattest animals. There was no agricultural press at
the time to give illustrations of the famous beasts that were pro-
duced, but the fullest publicity the times afforded was accorded
them; large prints, bearing particulars of weights, measurements,
etc., and usually dedicated to some landowner of the district
(often the tenants landlord), were published, and sold in large
numbers. Further than that, it seemed to be the ambition of
these men to have a public-house named after their cattle, and
up and down the district there are still many public- house signs
reminding us of this once popular aspect of the cattle industry,
but which is now fading in the far distance and almost forgot-
ten. This rivalry was not always of itself a sign of improvement
in cattle-breeding, for many of these beasts, monstrosities some-
times, were fattened regardless of time and cost, and were by
no means models to be copied. It had, however, these effects–it
focussed attention on cattle, induced breeders to study them,
showed the possibilities that then lay in the mass of the unim-
proved, and no doubt stimulated many to seek out different lines
of advancement. So much for this feature, and now a word as to
the men engaged.
The great landowners of the district took a prominent part
in the movement for the improvement of cattle. Charles Colling
bought the cow from which Bates famous Duchess tribe de-
scended from Stanwick, and this gave life and credence to the
tradition that the Duke of Northumberland and his predecessors
had kept an improved breed of cattle at Stanwick for two hun-
dred years. No proof of this has been discovered, but, like other
traditions, it probably rests on a substratum of fact. Bates, with
a touch of pride, adds to the pedigree of Duchess 30th in the 5th
vol. of Coates’s Herd Book, and this tribe of Shorthorns was in
the possession of the ancestors of the present Duke of Northum-
berland for two centuries a statement that did not appear in the
pedigrees of the earlier Duchesses. On the neighbouring estate
of Raby, the Earl of Darlington was one of the earliest and most
noted of the improvers of Durham cattle, and several of the oxen
he fed are mentioned in Arthur Youngs Annals of Agriculture.
The Milbanks of Barningham xvere noted breeders in those far-
off days; and their cattle are said to have come from the Black-
etts, of Newby. The Aislabies, of Studley, undoubtedly kept
good cattle, and the present Marquis of Londonderry inherits
his interest in live stock from his ancestors of a century ago. Sir
Henry Gray fed two immense seven-year-old steers at Howick,
2.5. ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF EARLY SHORTHORNS 45
1787 ; Sir Win. St. Quintin, of Scampston, made many experi-

ments in cross breeding; Sir James Pennyman, of Cleveland, was
intimately associated vith cattle breeding at that period; and
many other landowners were imbued with a laudable desire to
raise the quality of the live stock of the district. Nor did they
strive alone. Far more numerous were the yeomen, the small
landowners, and large tenant farmers who were working with
them and eventually in advance of them, and from xvhose ranks
arose Charles and Robert Colling, the founders of the Shorthorn
breed.
The leading spirits in the band of yeomen who resided on
the banks of the Tees at this period were pre-eminently men of
action. Notable figures amongst them were Charles and Robert
Colling, of Ketton and Barmpton, of whom more anon. Amongst
the many who should be mentioned were Haigh Robson, xvho,
for a wager, and after a days hunting, rode a neck-or-nothing
race with Charles Colling to the Talbot Hotel, Darlington, now
long since closed, where they had an appointment to dine at
three oclock; Waistell, of Elly Hill, the friend of Robert Colling,
and once part owner of the bull Hubback; and Hill, of Black-
well, who sold three two-year-old heifers of the Teeswater breed
to Mr. Pelham, of Lincolnshire, for 50 each. Crossing the Tees
there was John Maynard, of Eryholme, fox-hunter, greyhound
courser, and cattle breeder, who, with his two sons, rose at E
four am. and, fording the river, rode on horseback to Yarm fair;
and Marmaduke, or Duke Wetherell, of Dalton-on-Tees, joint
owner with Maynard of the bull Dalton Duke i88, named after
himself and having no connection with Bates Duchesses. There
was Hutchinson, of Sockburn, who fed a Teeswater wether sheep
to the enormous weight of 249 pounds, being 62 lbs. 4 ozs. per
quarter, besides 17 pounds. of loose fat; and rare old Hilton Mid-
dleton, of Archdeacon Newton, who took a most active part in
establishing the fortnightly c4tle market at Darlington. Thomas
Booth, of Warlaby, a keen admirer of the Collings cattle, and
who showed his heifers against those of Major Scrope in Bedale
market, for a rump and a dozen; and Christopher Mason, of
Chilton, men in the very forefront of their class in the district.
John Ord, of Nexvton Ketton, antiquarian yeoman, who tells
the story of the famine in the middle of the eighteenth century,
when many ash-trees were stripped of their leaves for cattle food;
Bryan Harrison, of Barmpton, an enterprising yeoman, who, in
the quaint phraseology of the time, was full of vast-lye clever
schemes; and Win. Burdy, of Piercebridge, the breeder of what
appears to be the first of the series of remarkable fat cattle, a
cow slaughtered in 1773, are names to add. A rough diamond

was Robin Thomas, of Dalton, who boasted he could paper his
bedroom with five- pound notes; and old Jacky Colling no rela-
tion to Charles and Robert is worthy of mention. Many more
names could be added, but sufficient have been given to show
that the period was a notable one. Given a body of men like
these, active, energetic, and self-reliant, constantly excited by
stories that probably lost nothing in the telling, boon compan-
ions in private but keen rivals in business, and there is small
wonder that every one was stimulated to do his best and that
the times proved prolific.
Chapter 3
The brothers Colling
It is usual in mentioning the brothers Colling to place the name of the

younger before the elder brothers. Robert, whose name commonly follows
that of Charles, was the elder, and had a large share with his younger
brother in the development of the more highly improved Shorthorn from the
Shorthorn stock previously much improved by the Aislabies, the Milbanks,
Sir William St. Quintin, Mr. Michael Dobinson, Mr. John Maynard, and
other early breeders.
The father of the two brothers was Charles Colling, who was tenant of
the farm of Ketton, near Darlington, having succeeded Mr. Stephenson in
the occupancy. He belonged to an old family connected with the parishes
of Haughton-le-Skerne and Aycliffe, in the county of Durham; his father,
Robert Colling, of Skerningham, having died in 1751. Charles Colling, se-
nior (born 1721, died 1785), laid the foundation of the Ketton herd by the
purchase at Yarm Fair of a cow named Cherry, and he was a successful
breeder of Shorthorns. The farm was given up by him at the close of the
American war in 1782, and the next tenant was the younger son, Charles.
Robert, the elder son, had been apprenticed to a grocer, but being in delicate
health returned to Ketton and joined his younger brother in partnership un-
til, in the spring of 1783, he took the Barmpton farm, about a mile distant
from Ketton.
Robert, who was born in 1749 and died in 1820, was a bachelor. It
was said, long after his time, of the arch-rivals, Mr. Thomas Bates and
Mr. Richard Booth, that their singleness of life enabled each to develop to
the utmost the special properties and characteristics of his favourite type,
inasmuch as he could give to Shorthorn breeding a depth and constancy of
attention which the married man could scarcely have to spare. Anyhow,
Mr. Robert Colling died a bachelor at or about the completion of his three
score years and ten; and his work as a Shorthorn breeder, whilst it must
be reckoned inferior to his brothers, was great and lasting. The sub-type,
indeed, which he evolved, was, n l to this day is, to the taste of rrntny
47
48 CHAPTER 3. THE BROTHERS COLLING
judges, a more pleasing one than the sub-type which marked his brothers
herd. In the general characteristics of the Shorthorn breed, the herds, of
course, were alike.
Mr. Charles Colling, about a year younger than his brother, having been
born in 1750, was a married man, but childless. His wife, formerly a Miss
Colpitts, proved a helpmeet, indeed, for the great improver of the Shorthorn
breed. On some occasions she was the better man of the two, and it is really
doubtful whether, without her aid, he could have made the Ketton herd what
it was when it came to the hammer in 1810. On one most critical occasion,
her interposition certainly led to results of incalculable magnitude. It was
one day in the year 1785, when she and her husband, accompanied by Mr.
Robert Colling, mounted their horses and rode to Eryholme, to pay a visit
to the Maynards. Mr. John Maynard (the father of Messrs. J. C. Maynard,
of Harlsey, and A. L. Maynard, of Marton-le-Moor) was then the owner
of the cow Favourite, or Old Favourite (afterwards named Lady Maynard),
and her calf, Young Strawberry, by Dalton Duke 188. Upon these animals
Mr. Charles Colling had fixed longing eyes, and when the withdrawal of the
ladies afforded an opportunity to the gentlemen to talk business, he delivered
what he expected to be a killing shot-an offer of thirty-five pounds for Old
Favourite and her calf! Although no doubt thunderstruck, and perhaps for
a moment tempted by so large an offer, Mr. Maynard did not hesitate long.
No; he couldnt part with them, and although still pressed by his friend to
strike the bargain, he was proof against the gold, and would keep his choicest
cow and heifer. When the guests were gone he told Mrs. Maynard of the
offer and its refusal, whereupon her mind was freely expressed concerning
the imprudence of refusing such an offer. Such a chance might never occur
again; but if the offer should be repeated, she hoped and trusted that he
would not again decline it. The words were scarcely uttered before Mrs.
Colling reappeared at a full gallop towards the house. She had received from
her husband a full account of the after-dinner attempt to bargain, and the
grievous disappointment of his failure; so she turned her horses head to try
whether womans influence would not once more prove effective where gold
had failed. She did not know that she had an ally in this matter, so began,
single handed as she supposed, the contest in which she was resolved to win.
Her husband, she told Mr. Maynard, had related to her the conversation
about Old Favourite and her calf, and that an offer he had made for them
had been refused, and she added, in a manner which was irresistible (at
least in connection with the other ladys known views), You must sell them
to ME. So he capitulated, and the cow and calf the cow afterwards the dam
of Favourite 252, the calf the dam of that same Favourites sire, Bolingbroke
86 thus passed into the Ketton herd, to produce the main source of the
Shorthorn breed of the future.
After this incident, it is impossible to deny the large share of credit
due to Mrs. Charles Colling for her husbands success in bringing up the
3.1. THE BULL FAVOURITE 252 49
Shorthorn breed toa higher level of excellence, and in commanding for it

the favourable notice of the world. She was constantly with him when he
was going amongst his cattle, knew all about them as well as he did, and
took apparently an equal interest in them. She is said to have been a tall,
fine-looking woman, and of much more than ordinary business capacity.
Many of the Ketton Shorthorns were excellent milkers, but the dairy
properties were not those in which it was the main design of Mr. Charles
Colling that his herd should excel. The great room for improvement in that
day was in the capacity for economical flesh production. The earlier Short-
horns were often prodigious milkers, but they wanted the constitution
and the flesh, with the frame best fitted to carry profitable flesh, which
characterised the Ketton and the Barmpton stocksthe broad, well-covered
back, the high- sprung, big, cushioned rib, the ampler chest, the thicker yet
still mellow hide, the abundant, mossy hair, and the more compact frame
of the Colling type of Shorthorn.
The Shorthorns of Mr. Robert Colling at Barmpton differed from those
of Mr. Charles Colling at Ketton mostly in style, and particularly in the
character of the head, which often reappears, to this day.
Some of the views of Mr. Robert Colling are set forth in his answers to
Sir John Sinclairs questions. With regard to the influences of the parents
upon the offspring, Mr. Robert Colling held with Bakewellwhose opinion
gained strength as he advanced in years and knowledgethat the calves take
considerably more to the male than to the female parent. How far this rule
had been traced does not appear, whether, for example, the observations
upon which the opinion of Bakewell and Robert Colling was founded ex-
tended equally to the whole system of the offspring, external or internal, or
to external alone, we do not discover. On the question of the length of a
Shorthorn, Mr. Robert Colling contended that whilst plenty of length with
true proportion is desirable, it is easy to get wrong by breeding for too much
length.
3.1 The bull Favourite 252

The cow Favourite, renamed Lady Maynard, which Mrs. Charles Coiling
secured for her husband on the occasion of their memorable visit to Mr.
Maynard, at Eryholme, was destined to become, through her grandson,
Favourite 252, a far-reaching power in the development of the Shorthorn
breed. She does not appear to have had a drop of Hubbacks blood in her
veins, yet she was a splendid cow, and her dam and maternal granddam were
grand Shorthorns. The last-mentioned, or earliest in chronological order,
was named Strawberry, and was a daughter of Mr. Jollys Bull 337. This is
as far as the record goes. Of the dam of Strawberry the Herd Book gives
no information, but as Strawberry was a very fine cow, and her daughter
and granddaughter inherited her merit extraordinary merit in that dayit

is not improbable that her dam was above the common level. The sire of
Strawberry, Mr. Jollys bull, has only the brief record, Bred by Mr. Jolly,
of XVorsall; and if Mr. Thomas Bells account of him ,gathered from the
notes of Mr. Bates, be correct, that Herd Book record is wrong. According
to Mr. Bell (Hist., p. 17), Mr. Jolly, in the year 1840, when in his eighty-
eighth year, but as hale and hearty as when he xvas half the age, met, at the
house of Mr. Bates, Mr. Holmes, then over from Ireland for the purpose of
attending the Yorkshire Show, and related to him the story of the purchase
of that bull by himself, xvhen a youth of seventeen, from Mr. Waistell, who
bred him. The bull was then a calf, a remarkably good one, and the price,
30 guineas, an extravagantly high price at that timeat least so thought iVir.
Jolly, senior, the father of the adventurous youth, and he was exceedingly
angry with me, said the latter to Mr. Holmes, seventy years after, and said
I would never see the money again. The bull served many years at Worsall,
and was eventually sold for 50 guineas to Mr. Jobson, of Turvelaws, the
father of Messrs. William and Robert Jobson. Their stock, Mr. Bates
narrative adds, were descended, until the sale in 1846, from this same Jollys
Bull, and though the purchase of Jollys Bull was made nearly seventy years
before, they retained the same character as was in Mr. Maynards cow,
Favourite. The narrator, however, omitted to add that the Turvelaws herd
was also full of the blood of Favourite 252, the closely in-bred grandson of
that cow.
The story told by Mr. Jolly in 1840 was most probably the true account
of the bulls origin and life; indeed, the minutiw introduced, and all the in-
cidents and conversations related, have the appearance of genuineness and
accuracy; and an old mans recollections of the events of his youthespecially
of impressive events like Mr. Jollys bold venture, his fathers anger, and the
sequel-are often more clear and trustworthy than the more recent recollec-
tions of men in middle life. Mr. Bates evidently did not doubt the absolute
accuracy of the statements of Mr. Jolly, in his hearing, to Mr. Holmes, and
he took pains to repeat them for young breeders, as a warning not to follow
the example of Mr. Jolly, adding, for he never bought another good bull.
Mr. Maynard, Mr. Bells History states, sent but one cow to Mr. Jollys
bull. The offspring, Strawberry, bred a heifer- like her dam, very goodto
Mr. Jacob Smiths Bull 608, whose colour and marking, according to the
testimony of Mr. Bates, were yellow red with white face, white back, and
white legs to the knees. Two noble cows having been thus bred in lineal
sequence from the cow sent to Worsall, Mr. Maynards judgment was taxed
to find a bull capable of maintaining the merit, and his neighbours thought
he had lost his wits when his choice fell upon a small and, as they called him,
a mean-looking bull belonging to Mr. Ralph Alcock, but, as the Herd Book
tells us, bred by Mr. Michael Jackson, of Hutton-Bonville, near Northaller-
ton. To send his grand cow to that poor little bull seemed total waste of
3.1. THE BULL FAVOURITE 252 51
the power for good that had been generated in the last two descents; but
Mr. Maynard knew what he was about. There was something in the bulls
appearance that told of good ancestry, and his touch was exquisitely mellow.
From Mr. J. C. Maynards account of the matter, one would suppose that
his father had judged more by the hand than by the eye in that instance,
although his sensi- tised eye could see, even in the bulls looks, more than
met the ordinary gaze. The offspring of the union was Lady Maynard (first
called Favourite), the cow which, with her calf Young Strawberry, by Dalton
Duke i88, Mr. Maynard sold to Mr.or, rather, to Mrs.Charles Colling. Af-
ter breeding another heifer, Miss Lax, to the same sire, Dalton Duke, Lady
Maynard, bred to Foljambe 263, the heifer Phcenix,whose second recorded
calf was Favourite 252. The sire of Favourite 252 Bolingbroke 86was very
closely indeed related to the dam, Phcenix, for he was by the same Fol-
jambe, the sire of Phcenix, and from Young Strawberry, the daughter of
Lady Maynard. Foljambe 263 was by Mr. Richard Barker’s bull from Mr.
Alexander Halls noted cow Haughton, by Hubback; and Haughtons pedigree
(see revised issue of Cows of Vols. i, 2, and 3, page 332) traced back to Mr.
Pickerings cow Tripes, of which Mr. Allen (Hist., page 29) has written that
she was by the Studley Bull 626, and her dam bred by Mr. Stephenson, of
Ketton, in 1739. From her, Mr. Allen says, Mr. Stephenson’s Princess tribe
originated, and in the American Herd Book this extension of the Princess
pedigree is adopted. Foljambe, whose pedigree thus traces to the earliest
Shorthorns which have been individually mentioned in the records, is de-
scribed as a useful, thick beast, handle good, dark face (George Coates’s
notes), and as the bull which Mr. Charles Colling believed to have done
him the most good. His colour was white with red spots, and his dark face
in all probability came from his sire, Mr. Richard Barkers Bull 52, locally
known in his day as Dicky Barkers Black- nose, described by Col. Trotter
(one of the four purchasers of Comet, a descendant of Barkers Bull, for 1000
guineas) as a large, coarse, wire-haired beast, whose colour was dark red
flecked, and bred from a big, coarse cow. The further description, large
head, dark horns, and black nose, is not very clearly applied, and as the
sentence is printed in Mr. Bells book (page 54) might be intended for either
the bull or his dam. From the union of Foljambe and Young Strawberry,
as we have seen, came Bolingbroke 86, a blood-red bull with a little white,
and from the union of Bolingbroke and Phcenix (by Foljambe), Favourite
252 was produced.
In Mr. George Coates’s notes we read, under Bolingbroke 86- The best
bull G. C. ever saw. If G. C. be not a misprint (Bells Hist.) for C. C.
(Charles Colling), it must be understood to mean George Coates, and if so,
reads curiously in connection with his note under Comet 155: I never saw
his equal. Major Rudd described Bolingbroke 86 as having a remarkable
inclination to fatten, handsome hind quarters, and fine head and muzzle;
and he described Phomix in these words: Old Phcenix was of a dark-red
colour, with a large white spot on her rumps, and a stripe from her breast
along her belly to her flanks; she had a good deal of white also on her hind
legs; her handling was particularly soft and mellow. She is here called by
Major Rudd Old Phcenix to distinguish her from Young Phcenix, the dam
of Comet Mr. Bates considered (Old) Phcenix the reverse of her dam, the
beautiful Lady Maynard.
Mr. Thornton gives ( Ancient Shorthorns ) a measurement of the cow
Phcenix.1 He adds that Lady Fragrant, the first prize cow at the Royal
Show at Leicester, 1868, measured in reduced state, was in nearly every
point, except space and height, a larger animal; whilst the 850 gs. Grand
Duchess 17th, in breeding condition, was as nearly the same size as possible.
We now come to the personal characteristics of Favourite 252, the famous
son of Bolingbroke 86, and Phcenix. Favourite 252, calved 1793 or 4, died
1809, is described by Mr. George Coates as a large beast, fine bold eye, low
back, body down, other parts very good ; and, according to Mr. Bates, he
was a large, massive animal, had remarkably good loins and long level hind
quarters; his shoulder points stood wide, and were somewhat coarse, and
stood forward into the neck; his horns were long and strong, and he was a
powerful animal of good constitution. Major Rudd described him as of a
beautiful colour, rather light in most places, but darker about his neck and
shoulders. His handling was excellent. He was very deep in his fore quarters,
and his hind quarters were particularly handsome. Mr. J. C. Maynard, who
well remembered him, thus described Favourite 252 nearly fifty years after
Favourite’s death : He was a beautiful animal; so beautifully made, and
possessing such a wonderfully noble style of look and walk; very masculine,
too, and active. He had bronze horns, large, and as thick as my arm nearly,
and one of the finest heads I ever saw. Such, according to different judges,
was the sire which, in his day, was the representative successor of the Studley
Bull and Hubback, and, as such, did far more extensive service than any of
them, directly, towards the development and establishment of the improved
breed of Shorthorn cattle.
3.2 The Ketton herd

In order to form anything like a true or fair estimate of the value of Mr.
Charles Collings work as a Shorthorn breeder, it is necessary to take the
most trustworthy descriptions of Shorthorns that lived before the date of
his beginning to breed upon the new system, in connection with descriptions
- and other pieces of evidence of the general character of his herd down to
the year of its dispersion, 1810. Some of the earlier Shorthorns as already
1
Phcenixs height, 56 inches; length of quarter, 21 inches ; girth at chine, 8 inches;
width of hooks, 261 inches; length of back, 6i inches; girth at neck, 38 inches width of
loin, i9 - inches; length of space, 15 inches; girth at shank, 7 inches.
3.2. THE KETTON HERD 53
mentioned are described by Culley (an excellent judge) and other chroniclers
as wide and thick, in comparison with the cattle of other breeds, feeding to
great weight, having more tallow when fattened than other cattle, remark-
ably thin hides, and very little hair, delicate constitutions, varying in colour
from red to white, some flecked roan, or strawberry roan, and as great eaters
and extraordinary milkers. Some were black fleshed, without fat, but they
were of a coarser and quite an inferior kind. The abundance of fat was a
distinctive characteristic of the better class of Shorthorn.
If such were the Shorthorns as Mr. Charles Colling found them, he
certainly put a different stamp upon them before he had done with them.
The tenderness, or constitutional delicacy, mentioned by old authorities, and
compared with that of the Alderneys, as the Channel Islands and probably
French cattle of that day were called, was certainly crossed out of the best
strains of the improved breed, and with it disappeared the thin hides and
diminutive horns. Mr. May- nards best cow had long, but not coarse, horns,
and the horns of Favourite 252, her descendant, were, as has been seen, big
and thick, his whole character being that of a robust animal, healthy and
full of vitality. But Favourite 252 may have got some of that character by
his descent on the fathers side from Mr. Richard Barker’s Bull 52 (the sire of
Foljambe), as well as from Dalton Duke 188, whose brother was the grandsire
of Barkers Bull, and inherited, as Barkers Bull seems to have inherited, the
strong character of the stock of Mr. Hill, of Blackwell. Perhaps it is open
to question whether at that period a certain degree of coarseness not a
desirable thing in itself did not help to give properties which were wanting
in the earlier Shorthorns generally, whilst refinement was given by Hubback
319 and bulls of his stamp, for it can scarcely be doubted that bulls as
good as Hubback were forgotten, when one remembers the narroxv escapes
Hubback had from oblivion.
Although the authority of Culley is alone sufficient to establish as his-
torical truth the statement that early Short- horns were not hardy cattle, it
does not by any means prove that all early Shorthorns were delicate. Culleys
description was written long before the Herd Book existed, and is specially
expressed as referring to the general stock of Tees- dale. The first edition
of his work was printed in the year 1784: the Herd Book did not appear
until 1822. In the mean time, a vigorous breed had been developed and dis-
tributed. The remarks on delicacy are true, no doubt, as regards the old
deep-milking Shorthorn, but can scarcely cover the whole breed, as it was
even in Culleys day. The robust character of Favourite 252 and of the stock
left by him, after the very closest possible in-breeding, in some instances
through many generations, and the vigorous and hardy constitution of his
descendants to the present day (where they are not ruined by mismanage-
ment), show that the foundation stock of the Ketton herd cannot have been
of a weakly sort, lacking power to resist climatic seventies. Estimating the
work of Mr. Charles Colling by its results, and inferring, from those results,
the principles which guided him, we are inclined to put, in perhaps the first
place, the principle of making strength of constitution his aim. If we are
right in this, we have at once the reason for an alliance which Mr. Bates
strongly condemned, that of the cow Haughton with Mr. Richard Barkers
Bull, the result of which was the production of Foljambe 263, the bull that
Mr. Charles Colling himself said did him the most good. Mr. Bates was
of a different opinion. Another great error Mr. C. Colling committed, he
maintained, was the sending his neat, fine cow, by Hubback, to Mr. Richard
Barkers Bull 52, as his character was the very reverse of hers; and referring
to the offspring, Foljambe 263, he asserted that he had the testimony of
Mr. Charles Colling that Foljambe was ndt of good quality, and could not
be made fat. Mr. George Coates described Foljambes handling as good,
and noticed his dark face, inherited, no doubt, from his father, whose
handling, Mr. Coates said, was hard. To return to Mr. Bates notesas sup-
plied by Mr. Bellwe have already quoted, but may here repeat, the remark
that Phzcnix . . took the character of her sire, which was the very reverse
of her dam, the beautiful Lady Maynard. Yet Phairnix, through her son,
Favourite 252, whose sire also was by Foljambe 263, contributed largely to
the blood of every animal at Kirklevington in Mr. Bates possession to his
death; and the Duchess, Oxford, Waterloo, Cambridge Rose, Wild Eyes,
and Foggathorpe tribesevery bull, cow, and calf at the sale in i8 omellow
handling, mossy coated, and of distinguished style and refinement, came
from the loins of Dicky Barkers hard-handling, wiry-haired, black-nosed
bull, through Foljambe, and from the loins of the brindled Dalton Duke,
through Bolingbrokes dam. So much for the results of Mr. Charles Collings
great error.
It is instructive to notice the silence observed with regard to the coarse-
ness and the black stains of Barkers Bull and Dalton Duke, during the years
in which the strife over the polled Galloway alloy, introduced by Mr. Charles
Colling into some of the families of his herd, through Grandson of Boling-
broke 149, so fiercely raged.
The Ketton cattle were described by Mr. Wright as of great size and
substance, with fine long hind quarters; the space from the hip to the rib was
long, and counteracted by a broad back and high round ribs. The shoulders
of the males were upright, and the knuckles, or shoulder points, large and
coarse-a defect not so apparent in the females. The general contour, or
side view, was stately and imposing, but their great superiority consisted in
their extraordinary inclination to fatten. On handling, the skin was loose
and pliant, and the feel under it remarkably mellow and kind. The colour
was greatly varied, red, red and white, roan, and also white being found in
the same kindred; while in all cases of close affinity there was a tendency
to white with red ears and spots. Many of the cows were excellent milkers,
giving full twelve quarts at a meal.
Charles Colling’s Durham Ox was calved in 1796, and got by his owners
3.3. THE GALLOWAY ALLOY 55
celebrated bull Favourite 252 out of a common black-and-white cow, bought

for Charles Colling at Durham fair for /Ji . His firm and nice handling
indicated every disposition to fatten at an early age, and at five years old
his xvhole carcase was loaded with thick fat. Being thought so wonderful an
animal, and far exceeding what had been seen before, he was purchased to
be exhibited by Bulmer, of Harmby, in February, i8oi, for 140, his live weight
being 3024 pounds. Bulmer had a carriage made to convey him, and after
travelling for five weeks sold the van and the ox at Rotherham to John Day
for 250. On July 8th, Day refused 2000 for the purchase, and he travelled
with the ox six years through the principal parts of England and Scotland.
In London 97 was taken in one day. At Oxford, in February, 1807, the ox
dislocated his hip bone, and was killed on the 14th April, weight as follows:
The four quarters, 165 st. 12 lbs.; tallow, II st. 12 lbs.; hide, Ia st. 2 lbs.
Day stated that the live weight of the ox at ten years old was 34 hundred-
weight. His measurement at five years old was: length, from horns to rump,
8 ft. 4 in. ; height at loin, ft. 5in. ; girth, o ft. 2 in., and breadth over the
hips, 2 ft. 7 in. From many measurements of fat beasts, it appears that
the Howick mottled ox at seven years old was the largest, as his length was
9 ft. 8 in. height, 5 ft. 9 in. ; girth, io ft. io in., and breadth, 2 ft. ilin.
The exhibition of the Durham Ox throughout the country attracted great
notice to Mr. Charles Collings herd, and brought many buyers to Ketton.
3.3 The Galloway alloy

The slight Galloway strain introduced by C. Colling was one of several alloys
which probably entered into the composition of the early Shorthorn. Did
not Mr. Michael Dobinson, did not Sir William St. Quintin alloy the ancient
breed of Teesdale xvith Dutch crosses? Were not the black nose of Mr.
Richard Barkers Bull, the dark face of his sire Foijambe, and the brindle
of their blood-relative, Dalton Duke, evidences of alloy introduced prior to
the existence of Grandson of Bolingbroke iz 9 and 280? Yet for many years
after the Ketton sale in 1810, and again, not many years ago, the Galloway
alloy was the subject of hot contention, in forgetful- ness of its comparative
insignificance. At the most, it was only one more element added to the
blend of various breeds which composed the improved Shorthorn, and its
proportion in the blood was small compared with the proportions derived
from crosses introduced not long before it was admitted. At first it was
confined to certain families. We do not know more than two inlets that is
to say, two animals by Grandson of Bolingbroke 149, which transmitted his
blood into various families, until that blood in course of time entered into the
Shorthorn breed in general. The animal through which it was most largely
distributed was Mr. Charles Collings Lady, whose descendants were by some
breeders (including the Rev. Henry Berry) preferred to Shorthorns which
had not that particular cross. The other animal by Grandson of Bolingbroke
was Mr. Drinkrows Daisy (Vol. I., page 264, and revised issue of Cows of
Vols. I., II., III., page 195), the dam of Colonel Grim- stons Neswick 453 and
1266 (twice entered), a bull extensively used by Mr. Simpson, of Babworth,
in Nottinghamshire.
The bald facts of the introduction of the alloy of Galloway blood into
Mr. Charles Collings herd putting aside now the disputed question whether
its introduction was under a sort of necessity from the non-breeding of some
of the Ketton cows, or whether it was a masterly act of wisdom on the part
of Mr. Charles Colling-are simply these: A good red Galloway polled cow,
purchased by Colonel OCallaghan from Mr. George Coates, became the dam
of a red-and-white brindled bull, named in the Herd Book O’Callaghan’s Son
of Bolingbroke 469, which, at the age of a few days, passed into the hands of
Mr. Charles Colling. That bull became the sire of Grandson of Bolingbroke
149 and 280 (twice entered), a red-and-white bull from Old Johanna, by The
Lame Bull 357, a son of Mr. James Browns White Bull 98, whose sire was
Dalton Duke 188; and it was the cross of that Grandson of Boling- broke
149 with the dams of Lady and Daisy which gave the alloy, as it was termed,
sometimes in praise as a beneficial element, sometimes in depreciation as an
indelible stain.
The comment made on the alloy by Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk (a con-
temporary of the Collings, and an admirer and extensive purchaser of their
stock), was that Mr. C. Colling took it into his head to introduce Galloway
blood among some .of his cattle, by which he gained neither fame nor profit.
This probably represented the view of several breeders at the time. It should
be remembered that the Bakewell principles were at that period hotly con-
tested by many, and it is not unlikely that C. Colling, not unaware of this
opposition, and finding that a few of his cows were not breeding very freely,
probably as a result of the in-and-in system, resorted (with respect to two
cows, which had been barren for several years) to the older method as an
experiment. The diluted strain, it should be remembered, was not admitted
to the whole herd, and the blood had, by close breeding, become so concen-
trated that the fresh infusion had very little effect, even upon those animals
into which it was introduced.
3.4 Some of Mr. C. Colling’s tribes

When the Ketton herd was sold in 1810, the catalogue, or rather sale-bill for
a single sheet served the purpose contained the names of eleven female-lined
descendants of Lady Maynard. Two of these, Cathalene and her daughter
Charlotte, have been regarded as free from the so-called alloy blood, but
they had it through the sire of Cathalene, Washington 674, a son of Lady,
whose sire was Grandson of Bolingbroke 149. Whilst the fact that all the
3.4. SOME OF MR. C. COLLING’S TRIBES 57
females of Lady Maynards family sold at that dispersion had the Galloway
blood, directly or indirectly, has escaped the notice of even well-informed
students of the Shorthorn records, the following nine animals have been
classed together as the alloy-bred cows and heifers of that family :Lady,
Countess, Selina, Cora, Laura, Young Laura, Young Countess, Lucilla, and
Calista. The introduction of the alloy through Washington also occurred
in the pedigree of Beauty, the thirteenth lot in the sale, dam of the bulls
Albion i4, Adonis 6, and Jupiter 343 ; the first of these was bred at Ketton,
and sold to Mr. John Booth (the father of the late Messrs. T. C. Booth, of
Warlaby, and J. B. Booth, of Killerby); the two younger brothers of Albion
were bred by Mr. Wright, of Cleasby, the purchaser of Beauty, and one of
the four purchasers of Comet 155, the sire of all the three sons of Beauty.
The Duchess tribe, destined to become so famous at Kirklevington and
all over the world, was represented among the females by the two-year-old
heifer Young Duchess, purchased by Mr. Bates for 183 gs., and afterwards
registered as Duchess I., by Comet 155, although her name was a family
name, and had belonged to her line direct, of which Mr. Bates had previously
been a purchaser. The Comet Duchess, bought by him at the sale, had the
blood of Lady Maynard concentrated by very close in-breeding, her sire, by
Favourite 252, having been bred from repeated inter-unions of that bull with
his nearest kindred, bred from Lady Maynard; her dams sire, Favourite 252
himself; beyond that, Daisy Bull, a son of Favourite 252, and then, again,
Favourite 252 himself, immediately preceded by Hubback. Such was the
foundation of the celebrated Duchess tribe, of Kirklevington, of which we
shall have more to say when the Shorthorns of Mr. Bates come for notice.
Other Ketton tribes represented at the final sale will receive attention in the
notice of that event.
The first account relating to Charles Colling as a bull breeder is given
in a letter of Mr. John Hutchinson, in which it was written that Charles
Coiling, being an established breeder, exhibited in the spring of 1790 two
yearling bulls for sale. Mr. Coates, of Smeaton, bought one for /26, and Mr.
R. Thomas another for 23. Mr. Bailey, the Durham historian, stated that
Messrs. Coiling and Mason let out bulls by the year at prices from 50 gs. to
100 gs. each, and the public are so fully convinced of the bulls merits, that
these celebrated breeders cannot supply the demand from the pure blood
which they are cautious of preserving, and which takers of bulls are become
so well acquainted with, that the prices they give are in proportion to the
good qualities of the individuals and the merits of their progenitors, more
regard being paid to their pedigree than to anything else.
As to the management at Ketton: the cows lay out in the fields, having
a little hay taken out to them in bad weather, but always calved in a warm
place. The calves had new milk till they were two or three weeks old, then,
for a month, they got half and half (new and skim), afterwards skim milk
with linseed, bean, or other meal or porridge; they were then turned out
to grass, getting nothing else. Nurse cows were, however, kept for the bull
calves which were intended to be let out on hire.
The most noted breeders who hired Charles Collings bulls were Mr. John
Charge, of Newton, near Darlington, who used Favourite 252, Mr. Mason,
of Chilton, Mr. Jobling, of Styford, Mr. Gibson, of Corbridge, Sir George
Strickland, Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk, and Mr. Ostler, of Aylesby and
Audley. Windsor 698 was hired for King George the Thirds herd at Windsor
for three years, whence his name.
3.5 The Ketton sale 1810

That great and decisive event for the Shorthorn breed, the dispersion of
Mr. Charles Collings herd in i8io, has been lightly touched upon when
some of the tribes were noticed. Other tribes made lastingly famous by the
results of that sale now claim attention. There was the Cherry foundation
of a family afterwards much in-bred by Major Rudd, and influential as the
source of some fine tribes drawn from it indirectly through several of the
bulls which it produced. Rich in the Cherry blood of Ketton were the
Brawith herds of Messrs. Consett and B. Wilson. The female line direct
was represented at the sale in October, 1810, by Cherry, the first cow offered,
a daughter of Favourite 252, from Old Cherry by the Lame Bull 358, and
her daughter, Peeress, also by Favourite 252, was the third lot in the sale,
and was purchased by Major Rudd. From the fact that Mr. Whitaker,
eleven years after the Ketton sale, referred to certain animals as clear of
Cherry blood meaning the blood of Mr. Charles Colling’s Cherry tribe
and from his implied or supposed approbation of its absence, an inference
unfavourable to the tribe may be drawn, but if sinister hints of the kind be
allowed to influence our estimates of bygone Shorthorns, we may be very
soon driven to the verge of doubt whether a good Short- horn ever existed.
Sometimes difference of taste, sometimes prejudice, sometimes jealousy, may
sufficiently account for the slights cast by recognised authorities upon tribes
of Shorthorns which were highly valued by distinguished breeders. If Mr.
Whitaker thought certain animals the worse for the Cherry blood, on the
other hand there is Major Rudds opinion of it, recorded in the concentration
of it in his herd, as well as in the 170 gs. he gave for Peeress at the Ketton
sale; Mr. Strick- lands opinion in the 170 gs. he paid on the same occasion
for Cecil 120 the son of Peeress; and the opinion of Messrs. Consett and
Wilson in the use of one Cherry bull after another. The results in both the
Brawith herds were certainly excellent. Mayduke 424, another of the Cherry
bulls sold in i8io, realised 145 gs., and Major Bower bought Cherrys son,
Ketton 346, as a calf for o gs.
The Daisy, or Old Daisy tribe, which contributed a most valuable element
to the composition of Mr. Bates Duchesses through Daisy Bull, had three
3.5. THE KETTON SALE 1810 59
female representatives at Mr. Charles Collings sale. Lily, a splendid young

white cow, sold to Major Rudd for 410 gs., was the first of her family in the
order of the sale-list, but not in chronological order, as she was immediately
followed in the list by her own dam, Daisy, sold to Major Bower for 140
gs. Mr. Strickland bought Lilys heifer-caW White Rose, for 75 gs., and Sir
Dimple 594, a calf by Comet 155, from Daisy, was Mr. Laxs selection at 90
gs. for his excellent herd at Ravensworth.
In the catalogue of Mr. Holt Beevers sale in 1879 the following note
was given as to the Daisy tribe Charles Coilings famous cow, Old Daisy, was
granddaughter of Old Haughton, the dam of Foijambe 263 (C. Coilings most
valued bull). Old Haughton descends directly from Mr. Stephenson s cow
bred in to which the Princess tribe is also able to trace. This is probably
the earliest Shorthorn cow which can be identified as the foundation dam
of any tribe of which a record in unbroken line has been preserved. It has
been remarked that Old Daisy and R. Coilings Red Rose have a very similar
pedigree; the pedigree of Old Daisy reading: by Favourite, dam by Punch,
gr. d. by Hubback; and Red Rose pedigree: by Favourite, dam by Punch,
gr. d. by Foijambe, g. gr. d. by Hubback. Foijambe being Old Daisys
uncle, the close relationship to Red Rose is obvious.
Kate, the second cow in the catalogue, Miss Peggy, Lucy, and Cowslip,
have sunk out of sight; Red Rose flourished for some years in the herd
of her purchaser, Mr. Duncombe, afterwards the Earl of Feversham. The
Johannas are famous principally for the association of Old Johanna with the
introduction of the Galloway alloy, through her alliance with Bolingbrokes
half-bred son; and the alloy cows and heifers, as it happened, realised some
of the highest prices for females at the sale. Magdalene, the last of the cows
(the heifers and heifer-calves being classed for sale after the bulls and bull-
calves, which followed the cows), was bought by Mr. Champion, of Blyth,
for 170 gs., and is remembered as the dam of two noted bullsOssian 476,
bred by Mr. Charles Coiling, and sold at the sale for 76 gs. to the Earl of
Lonsdale, and Blyth Comet 85, the calf she carried at the sale. Ossian did
good service for the district around Lowther Castle, and his name appears
in the pedigree of the Strawberry tribe of Mr. E. Troutbeck. Some grand
cows of that tribe were bred by Mr. Hugh Aylmer, West Dereham Abbey.
Flora, purchased for the Lowther herd, was the dam of Narcissus, bought
by Mr. Wright, of Cleasby; and Phiebe, a heifer in-calf to a son of Comet i ,
as stated in the sale-list (that son of Comet i5 being Major 397), became
the property of Sir Henry Carr- Ibbetson, and in his possession, as rightly
stated under the number 201, not, as erroneously stated under Phoi bes
entry, Cows of Vols. I. II. and III., p. 565), whilst Mr. Coilings property,
gave birth to the bull Denton Comet 201.
3.6 The thousand guineas’ bull, Comet 155

The crowning event of the day, however, was the sale of the bull Comet 155
for 1000 gs., to Messrs. Wetherell, Trotter, Wright, and Charge. Opinions
upon the claim for Comet, that he was, at the time of the Ketton sale,
the best bull ever bred by either Mr. Charles Colling or anybody else, are
much at variance. That he was a super excellent Shorthorn, notwithstand-
ing his close in-breeding, and notwithstanding, moreover, his not far-off
descent from Richard Barkers Bull 52, has been admitted by most of the
competent judges who ever saw him; not all of whom, however, agreed in
giving him the first place. Among the dissentients was the eldest son of
Mr. Maynard, the breeder of Lady Maynard, of which cow Comet was the
in-and-in-bred descendant. The testimony of that witness, himself a breeder
of many noble Shorthorns, was given in the year 1863. Speaking in terms
of the highest praise of Comets sire, Favourite 252, Mr. J. C. Maynard de-
clared emphatically that Comet was nothing to him. Comet, in fact, was too
long in the hind quarters, and wanted filling up in the middle of them. On
the other hand, we read in Mr. Thorntons very valuable article on Ketton
Shorthorns, in the number of Shorthorn Transactions for April, 1869, that
Charles Colling declared him (Comet) to be the best bull he ever bred or
saw. He was a beautiful light roan, dark neck, with a fine masculine head,
broad and deep breast, shoulders well laid back, crops and loins good, hind
quarters long, straight, and well packed, thighs thick, twist full, and well
let down, with nice straight hocks and hind legs. He had fair-sized horns,
ears large and hairy, and a grandeur of style and carriage that was inde-
scribable. In one point, however, opinions differed. Some few objected to
his shoulders as not being good, or a little too strong in the knuckles; others
asserted that he was there, as in every other point, faultless. In addition to
this description, Mr. Thornton records the fact that the near shoulder was
slightly shrunk, that some persons attributed this defect to his in-breeding,
other persons to the fact that his shoulder had been sprained when he was
a calf.
As the particulars of the Ketton sale supplied by Mr. Thornton are
exceedingly rich in information and description, we have here extracted
from its interesting context as much of the matter as seemed to the purpose
in connection with the rival claims for Favourite and Comet, father and
son.
One incident may further be quoted. Well, said Mrs. Charles Colling,
when the sale was over, we have beaten all England in prices, and have no
Shorthorns left; what must we do? Go again, was the reply, to the same
place, and get sQme more. That place, of Qurse, was the home of the
Maynard family, the birthplace of the cow Lady Maynard: the adviser was
Mr. Bates.
It is mentioned by Mr. Thornton in the article on Ancient Shorthorns
3.7. PURCHASERS AT KETTON 61
that when Comet died he was buried in the centre of the paddock at Cleasby,
three miles from Darlington, where he had been kept, and a chestnut tree
planted on his grave. The paddock is known as Comets garth to this day.
Mr. Thornton, of Stapleton, purchased this field, and the tree, having grown
to an enormous size, was stubbed up on the 3rd of February, 1865, and
Comets skeleton laid bare; his rib-bone measured 2 feet i inch, and the leg-
bone, knee to ankle-joint, 9 inches, 5 inches circumference. Many of the
bones were quite perfect.
3.7 Purchasers at Ketton

As stated, the liveliest event of the Ketton dispersion was the sale of Comet
155, whose sire was Favourite 252, dam Young Phcenix, by Favourite 252,
granddam Phcenix, the dam of Favourite 252. The sum of 6oo gs. was
immediately offered, but there was a small dairyman of large enterprise,
Mr. Thomas Newton, of Bishop Auckland, who quickly made the figures
8 o gs., with a view to taking in cows at a good profit; yet, either from
having reached the limits of cash or courage, or from the distraction of his
attention by one who stood beside him and put a question to him at the
critical moment, he saw the last sands of the glass run out at the bid of
1000 gs., which secured Comet for Colonel Trotter and Messrs. Wetherell,
Wright, and Charge conjointly. Of those gentlemen, all eminent breeders,
the only purchaser of any other animal at the sale was Mr. C. Wright, of
Cleasby, who bought Lady for 206 gs.; Beauty, the dam of Albion, for 120
gs.; Lucy, a two-year-old heifer, afterwards called Lucy Colling, for 132 gs.;
and the bull- calf Narcissus 447, by Comet 155, dam by Comet, for the small
sum of i gs. It is on record that Mr. John Hutton, of Marske, who was
unable to attend the sale, afterwards offered i6oo gs. for Comet, and that
the same sum was also offered by Sir Henry Vane Tempest, who drove up
after Comet had left the ring, but just in time to buy Comets little daughter
Calista, a calf from Cora, for 50 gs.
Mr. Robert Colling, whose herd at Barmpton was dispersed by txvo
sales, respectively eight and ten years later, made one selection at his broth-
ers sale, and his choice fell upon Charlotte, a yearling heifer by Comet, from
Cathalene by Washington 674.
Major Rudd, of Marton, Stokesley, whose name appeared in the Hubback
controversy in connection with the statement, afterwards authoritatively
contradicted, that Hubbacks dam was known to have had Kyloe blood in
her veins, was the purchaser of Peeress (daughter of Cherry), Countess (of
the Lady Maynard tribe), and Lily (of the Daisy tribe), respectively for 170
gs., 400 gs., and 410 gs. The two last named have been specially described
by eye witnesses as cows of surpassingly grand character. He also bought
the bull Petrarch 488, by Comet i , from Venus, of the Lady Maynard
tribe, for 365 gs. We have seen already the extraordinary in-breeding of
Comet. Here was a bull by Comet from a half- sister of Comets dam, the
only variation from Comets blood being through Ben 70, who was, however,
by an in-bred descendant of Hubback 319, and from a dam by Hubbacks
grandson, Foljambe 263, from whom Comet was in-bred, and a granddam
by Hubback himself. Petrarch, although so in- bred, lived to a good old age,
a fact which speaks volumes for the constitution of the Ketton Shorthorns,
and particularly for that of Mr. Maynards stock, and for that of Hubback.
Sir Henry Carr Ibbetson’s selections at the Ketton sale were all from
among the cows and heifers. Selina, one of the Lady Maynard tribe, was
five years old when he gave 200 gs. for her, and she continued breeding
at Denton Park to the age of sixteen years. Many of her descendants also
proved very prolific, and the rapid multiplication of generations made the
Selina line, fifty years afterwards, one of the longest found in Coatess Herd
Book. The three- year-old heifer Phcebe, 105 gs., was his second purchase,
and his third, for 206 gs., was the two-year-old heifer Young Countess, nearly
full sister to Selina, both from Countess (Major Rudds purchase).
Major Bower, of Welham, Malton, bought Daisy, the daughter of Old
Daisy, and dam of the fine cow Lily, bought by Major Rudd, and of Sir
Dimple 447, bought by Mr. Lax; also Ruby (afterwards Lord Fevershams)
and the Cherry bull Ketton 346.
The Earl of Lonsdale, who gave the Shorthorn a footing in the now
strong Shorthorn county of Cumberland, bought through Mr. Mowbray, his
agent, the three-year-old cow Flora, the two-year-old heifer Young Laura,
and the heifer calf Cow- slip, all daughters of Comet 155, and the yearling
bull Ossian 476, by Windsor 698, from Magdalene.
The two great houses of Booth and Bates were represented among the
buyers at Ketton each in a single purchase, Mr. Thomas Booth, of Killerby,
taking the young bull Albion i , and Mr. Thomas Bates, the two-year-old
heifer Young Duchess, afterwards named Duchess I., by Comet 155.
The Duchess tribe, originally from Stanwick, and said to have been long
in the possession of the ancestors of the Duke of Northumberland, had come
into Mr. Charles Collings hands in the year 1784. In the year 1804 Mr. Bates
had bought privately from Mr. Charles Colling a great granddaughter of the
Stanwick cow, Duchess by Daisy Bull i86, and her heifer-calf by Favourite;
but here again the Lady of Ketton appears on the scene, using her strong
and ever-wihning powers of per- suasion, and we find Mrs. Charles Colling
importunately, if not imperatively, urging her husband to request Mr. Bates
to let him or rather to let her keep the calf. The pressure brought to bear
upon the husband was faithfully extended to the friend, and, pleading the
ladys desire, Mr. Charles Colling succeeded in his appeal to Mr. Bates.
Duchess, by Favourite 252, therefore remained at Ketton, and became the
dam of Young Duchess, or Duchess st, the Comet 155 heifer purchased by
Mr. Bates in 1810 for 183 gs. But Mr. Bates did not buy her openly. Fearing
3.7. PURCHASERS AT KETTON 63
lest any intimation of his desire to possess her should provoke opposition,
he got a friend to bid for him, and he himself has related (Bells History)
how when he called at Ketton some time after the sale, Mrs. Charles Colling
asked him whether it was true that he had said he would not take a thousand
guineas for his bargain, and on his admission that it was so, she promptly
and frankly assured him that had she but known how far he would have
gone he should have paid the uttermost farthing.
Mr: Thomas Booth, the. purchaser of Albion 14, was the father of Mr.
John Booth, of Killerby, and of Mr. Richard Booth, of Studley, and then
of Warlaby. Mr. John Booth, of Killerby, was the father of Messrs. T.
C. and J. B. Booth, respectively of Warlaby and Killerby. The elder Mr.
Booth, the owner of Albion 14 had begun to breed Shorthorns at Killerby
some time before the year 1790, laying a foundation with some of the best
of the Teeswater cattle he could purchase, and among the notable bulls
which he used before the purchase of Albion 14 were Mr. Robert Collings
twin-brother to Ben 660 and Suwarrow 636. The further doings of Messrs.
Booth and Bates we shall have to consider later, when their respective herds
and their different views and systems of breeding must be noticed at much
greater length than this list of the buyers at Ketton can afford.
The purchasers remaining to be mentioned were Mr. Champion, of
Blyth, Nottinghamshire (who bought Magdalene); Mr. H. Frickland, of
Boynton, Yorkshire (White Rose and Cecil); Mr. J. D. Nesham, of Houghton-
le-Spring, Durham (Cherry, the first in the sale); Mr. J. Hunt, of Morton,
Durham (Kate); Mr. Grant, of Wyham, Lincolnshire, who crossed the Tur-
nell cattle with Colling-bred bulls, and sold stock to the Marquis of Exeter,
and who bought at the sale (Laura, 210 gs.; her bull-calf Lucilla, by Comet
i55, io6 gs.; and the bull Major 397, 200 gs.); Mr. G. Parker, of Sutton House,
Malton (Cathalene, who bred afterwards besides the calf she then carried,
which was named Eastern Comet 233-five calves in five immediately consec-
utive years, by Windsor 698) ; Mr. G. Johnston, of Haskness, Scarborough
(Cora and the yearling Johanna); Mr. W. C. Fenton, of Doncaster (Red
Rose and Coras son Alexander 22); Mr. H. Witham, of Cliff Hall, Yorkshire
(Johanna, calved in i 8o6 and presumably re-sold to Mr. Charles Colling, as
she bred a calf in his possession in 1812); Mr. 0. Gascoigne, of Parlington,
Yorkshire (Miss Peggy); Mr. A. Gregson, of Low Linn, Northumberland
(Yarborough 705); Mr. Smithson (Mayduke 424); Mr. Buston, of Cotham,
Durham (Northumberland 464); Mr. Thomas Robinson, of Acklam (Al-
fred 23, io gs.); Mr. Anthony Compton, of Carham Hall, Northumberland
(Duke 226, the yearling own brother to the Duchess heifer bought by Mr.
Bates, 105 gs.); Sir Charles Loraine, Kirkdale, Northum- berland (Harold
290); Mr. P. Skipworth, Aylesby, Lincolnshire (Young Favourite 254) ;. Mr.
Walker, Rotherham, Yorkshire (George 276, 130 gs., as a calf); and Mr. T.
Lax, of Ravensworth, Richmond, Yorkshire (Sir Dimple 594). Most of these
names are familiarly known to those who have made the early Shorthorn
records their study, although a few ven of the names of purchasers at the
great break-up of the Ketton herd have no ring of Shorthorn antiquity about
them, inasmuch as the buyers whose names fall so flat on the ear did not
associate themselves with the brotherhood of Shorthorn breeders by any
display of enthusiasm or any evidence of the engage- ment of taste. A man
may buy Shorthorns, and Shorthorns may be bred or born on his premises
-he may even have a successful salebut without the true spirit of a Shorthorn
breeder he cannot impress his individuality upon those who have that spirit,
who can heartily enjoy Shorthorns, and who are quick to detect the pres-
ence or the absence of genuine enthusiasm by the sayings and doings (but
oftener perhaps by the doings than by the sayings) of those whose names are
prominent on the list of breeders. Some of those names have a charm, a ring
about them, to attuned ears which can never be heard in the equally good,
or even better, names of men who as successfully kept Shorthorn herds, be-
cause, in the one case, we perceive the unmistakable evidences of a genuine,
a generous, and a genial taste, whilst in the other case there is nothing but
cold ownership.
3.8 After the Ketton sale

Mrs. Charles Coilings appeal to Mr. Bates on the occasion of the sale in
i8io was induced by his coming up to her at that moment to congratulate
her upon the immense success, to which she had greatly contributed, of the
sale then just ended. Her remark, We have no Shorthorns left, although
not literally correct, was virtually so, for the sale had been an honourable
fulfilment of an implied pledge to clear out, not the less so because, at
Mrs. Charles Coilings request, the yearling heifer Magdalena was retained.
Whether she was reserved on account of want of condition or because some
slight ailment made her unfit to offer, or, as seems more probable, as a
single souvenir of the dispersed herd, we cannot decide; but Magdalenas
extraordinary yield of thirty-two quarts of milk daily was evidently not the
temptation to keep her. A heifer calved in 1809 could scarcely in October
810 prove the extent of her qualifications for dairy purposes. However,
Magdalena found a fitting home in the herd of a breeder who carefully
cultivated the dairy properties of the Shorthorn. She was sold privately to
Mr. Whitaker, in whose possession she bred several calves, including Mary,
the ancestress of the Chaff tribe.
The bull Cupid, grandsire of Magdalena, was also unsold, although in-
cluded in the list of animals for sale. He was withdrawn as unfit to be
offered, in consequence of lameness.
The total number of the different classes of animals sold were twenty-
nine cows, heifers, and heifer-calves, which realised an average of 11140 3s.
7d., and eighteen bulls and bull-calves, xvhich averaged 11169 8s., making a
3.9. THE BARMPTON HERO 65
general average of 11151 8s., and a sum total of 117115 17s. for forty-seven
animals.
This unexampled result was variously regarded as the highest point
to which extravagant folly could possibly go, and as the starting-point to
greater heights of success, for enterprise, and judgment; it marked either the
latest hours of a dying craze or the birth of a new system of applying reason
and science generally to the practice of stock breeding. Since that day the
Shorthorn has passed through many changes of fortune; it has gone up and
down, in repeated alternation, according to the brighter or the darker aspect
of the days of agriculture, the fluctuating influences of general trade and the
extent of the circulation of money; but compare its position in the world
nearly a hundred years ago with its position in the world to-day for a fair
estimate of the meaning of the Ketton sale.
The estimation in which Charles Colling was held by contemporary
breeders is shown by the testimonial he received on his retirement from
Shorthorn breeding in 1810. This consisted of a valuable piece of plate
bearing the following inscription : Presented to Mr. Charles Colling, the
great improver of the Shorthorned Breed of Cattle by the Breeders (upwards
of fifty) whose names are annexed, as a token of gratitude due for the ben-
efit they have derived from his judgment, and also as a testimony of their
esteem for him as a man. 1810. Charles Colling died at Monkend, Croft,
Darlington, on January 16th, 1836, aged eighty-five years.
3.9 The Barmpton Hero

Mr. Robert Colling, the elder of the two brothers, gave forty years of his life
to the breeding and improvement of Shorthorn cattle. He began the work in
or about the year 1783, sold a portion of his herd in i8i8, and the final sale
was held in October, 1820, after his death in March of that year. Although
his name is placed second to that of his younger brother, he does not appear
to have been in any degree Mr. Charles Collings inferior in judgment or
practice. Mr. Charles Colling, by the aid of his wife, had the good fortune
to secure Mr. Maynards cow Favourite (alias Lady Maynard), the dam of
Phoenix and granddam of the bull Favourite 252. The influence of Favourite
252 in both the Ketton and Barmpton herds, also in the herd of Mr. John
Charge, of Newton, who used him two seasons, and, indeed, wherever that
influence went, it was always to the credit of Ketton, and tended to advance
the reputation of the younger brother over that of Mr. Robert Colling.
Beyond the possession of the Phoenix family and the breeding of Favourite
252 and Comet 155, reasons for the pre-eminence of Mr. Charles Colling are
not easily found. Mr. Robert Colling himself is said to have told Mr. Wiley
(see Mr. Thorntons account of the Barmpton Shorthorns) that he did not
consider either his brothers herd or his own, better than other good herds,
except the Phoenix tribe.

Mr. Lewis F. Allen, in his History of the Breed, thus compared the two
brothers : Both of them bred animals of marked excellence and fame in their
own time, and that excellence and fame have been perpetuated through their
blood down to the present day. Robert, in his personal character, was more
quiet and reticent; Charles, the more active, self-confident, and prominent
before the public. Robert was equally sound in judgment, dabbling in no
experiments, while Charles was more or less versatile in both opinion and
practice. This was written in the year 1872, and the testimony of Mr. Allen
to the maintenance of merit in the descendants of Ketton and Barmpton
Shorthorns is not less true in 1907 than it was thirty-five years ago. With
regard to Mr. Allens remarks about experiments, however, it must be re-
membered that improvements in live stock, like discoveries in science, are
mostly results of experiments. Were not the characteristics of activity and
self-confidence and the habit of dabbling in experiments, among the causes
of Mr. Charles Collings precedence over his elder brother?
Taking the Barmpton tribes in comparison with those of Ketton, one
is constrained to acknowledge that they were, on the whole, fully equal to
them in merit, so far as we can judge from the testimony of competent eye-
witnesses and from the merits of descendant Shorthorns now representing
branches of those tribes. Indeed, it is questionable whether, excluding the
Phoenix tribe at Ketton, the weight of beneficial influence would not be on
the side of the Barmpton tribes over those of Ketton if strict account were
taken of all that the descendants of both herds have done in the world since
the days of the brothers Colling.
Mr. Robert Collings Princess tribe was one of the oldest in the records,
as well as one of the most powerful in extending the improvement of the
breed. It is said to have been derived from a cow bred by Mr. Stephenson,
of Ketton (a predecessor of Mr. Charles Colling) in the year 1739. That
cow, breeding to the Studley Bull 626, produced (according to Mr. Allen)
the cow Tripes, bred by Mr. Pickering, of Sedgefield; and Tripes had lineal
descendants by Mastermans Bull 422, Waistells Bull 669 (or Waistells Bull,
Mastermans Bull the order being reversed in different records), Snowdons
Bull 612, and Hubback 319. Immediately after Hubback came two gener-
ations by Favourite 232, the second cross of Favourite 252 producing the
celebrated Princess, whose dam, bred by Mr. Robert Colling, was own sis-
ter to his White Bull I 5 the bull so strongly desired by Mr. Bates as a
cross for his Duchess heifer by Comet. In that longing Mr. Bates was dis-
appointed, but he gratified his wish to interweave the Duchess and Princess
lines some years later, when he obtained from Mr. Stephenson, of Wolvis-
ton, the Princess bull Belvedere 1706. From the same Princess foundation
proceeded also the Gwynne tribe, and other good branches grew from the
same stock.
The Wildair tribe is understood to have come from the same root Hub-
3.10. BARMPTON TRIBES 67
back, besides having Hubback and his sire as sires of dams in the female
line direct. The famous bull Marske 468, and the cows Juno, Nonpareil, and
Sweetbriar were of the tribe.
From another valuable Barmpton tribe the Red Rose sprang Pilot 496,
one of the most influential sires of the Booth herds, and from the same root
also the Cambridge Roses of Mr. Bates, and the Red Roses of world-wide
fame.
3.10 Barmpton Tribes

Mr. R. Collings Wildair and Princess tribes were of kindred ancestry, having
much blood in common, yet from different roots; and it is understood that,
while Princess traced to a cow bred by Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, in
1739, Wildair traced to the same line which produced Hubback. Wildair
was full sister to Phenomenon 491, whose union with Princess produced the
famous cows Elvira and Nell Gwynne (or Nell Gwyn, as recorded in the early
volumes), and the equally famous bull Wynyard 703. This will interest the
owners of Gwynnes, as it shows that they spring from a direct mingling of
two of the oldest and very best of the Barmpton tribes-those of Princess and
Wildair.
The next tribe to be noticed is that of Yellow Cow, the granddam of the
White Heifer that travelled. The Herd Book gives apparently contradictory
statements of the pedigree of this tribe. Take, for example, the entries in
Vols. I. and III., as given in the revised edition of cows in the first three
volumes. Under Favourite Cows record on page 286 it is found that the
celebrated White Heifer had two crosses of Favourite 252, upon Yellow Cow,
by Punch 531, and that her lineage, therefore, runs :by Favourite 252, dam
by Favourite 252, granddam by Punch 531. This is in agreement with the
entry of Yellow Cow, the dam of Favourite Cow, page 849, where, however,
the addition of Mr. A. Reeds Bull (probably 538) appears; but in the entry
of Venus, page 784, a cross of Punch is put between two crosses of Favourite,
in the statement that the granddam of Venus was by Favourite 252, and her
great granddam by Punch 531, from a sister to the dam of the White Heifer
that travelled, that dam being Favourite Cow, by Favourite. The name of
Favourite Cow (the White Heifers dam) should probably occupy the blank
in the list of names of Yellow Cows offspring, page 849, and as probable
does it appear that the sister to the dam of the White Heifer mentioned
in the pedigree of Venus was Mrs. Lambert, Yellow Cows first recorded
calf. If the statement of the pedigree of Yellow Cow and of her daughter,
Favourite Cow, be correct and we have not before us any reason to suppose
the contrary and if the pedigree of Venus be also correctly stateda very
doubtful suppositionon the pages to which reference is here given, then it
necessarily follows that the pedigree of Venus should read thus
Sire Wellington 680.

Dam by George 275.
Granddam by Favourite 252.
3rd d. by Punch 531.
4th d. by Favourite 252.
5th d. Yellow Cow; by Punch 531.
6th d. by Mr. A. Reeds Bull.
The question which suggests itself, upon a careful study of these pedigrees,
is this :Whether the words from a sister of the dam of the White Heifer that
travelled, at the end of the pedigree of Venus (Cows of Vols. I., II., III.,
page 784), were not originally written in the form of a note upon the dam
of Venus, and not intended to be tacked on to the end of her pedigree? If
this view be the true one, all contradiction, or semblance of contradiction,
disappears, and the pedigree accords with the entries of Yellow Cow and
Favourite Cow. The words which make the discrepancy are omitted from
the pedigree of Diamond 206, although attached to that of the Hon. J.
B. Simpsons Adonis 7, sons of Venus, and own brothers by Lancaster 360.
Where adopted, may they not be so without any other reason than that
they appeared in the pedigree of Venus? An error thus, once having crept
in, is perpetuated by simply copying or reprinting the pedigree in which it
originated. The tribe is said to have sprung from the stock of Mr. Milbank,
and to have been one of the earliest in Mr. Robert Collings possession when
he began Shorthorn breeding more than a hundred and twenty years ago.
The four tribes hitherto noticed together supplied twenty- six of the
sixty-one animals sold at the Barmpton sale in 1818, which made a total
of 7852 19s., averaging f 128 14s. 9d. for each animal, old or young, large
or small, male or female. The average for fifty-one females was fT i i i
3s., and the ten bulls and bull-calves averaged 11215 I 7s. 7d. each. The
average for cows and heifers, and the general average, were a little below the
corresponding averages at the Ketton sale in 1810, where twenty-nine cows
and heifers averaged 140 LIS. 7d., and forty- seven animals of all classes Li
51 8s., but the average for bulls exceeded Mr. C. Collings average of 169 8s.
each for eighteen bulls of all ages to the extent of 46 9s., although there was
no Comet to realise 1000 gs. at Barmpton. The highest- priced cow was
Nonpareil, of the Wildair tribe, bought by Lord Althorp (Earl Spencer) for
370 gs.; and the highest priced bull, Lancaster 360, of the Red Rose tribe,
bought by the Hon. J. B. Simpson and Mr. W. Smith conjointly for 621 gs.
Both were by Wellington 680, a son of Comet, and of Wildair, by Favourite.
Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk, stated that about 1816 R. Collings bulls
were much above anything else for quality and number. Later he remarked
that those of his cows he had seen, then and formerly, often appeared to
him, since the bull Favourite was put to thet stock, to have got quite ahead
of all others.
3.11. CLOSE OF THE COLLING PERIOD 69
No record supplies the date of the White Heifer’s birth, which is supposed
to have been in 1806, but the fashion at that time of feeding to an enormous
weight, and the success of John Day, in his wanderings with the Durham
ox, induced two butchers to purchase her for exhibition; but they left no
account of their travels throughout the country. A small hand- bill alone
tells of the merits of the White Heifer. It is as follows :- To be seen at the
stables of the Three Kings, Piccadilly, near the Gloster Coffee House, the
greatest wonder in the world of the kind, the wonderful Durham fat heifer of
the improved Shorthorn breed, which weighs 306 stone (8 lbs.), bred and fed
by Robert Colling, of Barmpton, near Darlington, in the county of Durham.
She is sister (half-sister by the sire) to the Durham ox and the favourite
bull Comet, which was sold for 1000 gs. at the sale of Chas. Colling, Esq.,
at Ketton, for which 1500 gs. has since been offered. This heifer is now
the property of Messrs. Robinson and Spark. It is particularly worthy of
notice that this justly-celebrated heifer was a twin. A correct portrait of
this beautiful heifer has been taken by Mr. Weaver, of Shrewsbury, from
which an engraving (by Mr. Ward, an eminent artist in London), and prints
taken from it, are published at one guinea each. Printed by Mr. Glendon,
Rupert Street, Haymarket. Mr. Bailey wrote : Mr. Robert Colling has a
white heifer four years old, a perfect counterpart of his brother Charless ox,
being like him completely, covered over her whole carcase with fat. She is
estimated to weigh 130 stone (14 lbs.).
3.11 Close of the Colling period

The second and final sale at Barmpton, held in 1820, closed that period
of Shorthorn history which is distinguished by the successful and lastingly
fruitful work of the brothers Robert and Charles Colling. At that sale thirty-
eight cows and heifers averaged 36 lOS. 4d., and eight bulls and bull-calves
110 I 55. 6d. each, making a sum total of 2273 i 5s. 6d., and a genefal
average of f49 8s. 7d. for forty-six animals. The two sales together, the one
in i8i8 and the one in 1820, made a grand aggregate of 10,126 145. 6d., and
an average of 94 125. iod. for one hundred and seven Shorthorns. Among
the principal purchasers at one or both of the sales were Earl Spencer (the
Lord Althorp of Youatts History), already mentioned as a buyer at the
sale in 1818; the Earl of Feversham, then known as Mr. Duncombe; Mr.
J. C. Maynard, Mr. J. Hutchinson, the Hon. C. Arbuthnot, Mr. J. Booth
(of Killerby, who bought the Red Rose bull Pilot 496, for 270 gs., as a calf
at the sale in i8i8), Mr. J. Whitaker, Mr. 17. Lax, Mr. XV.Wetherell,
Major Rudd, Messrs. C. Champion, of Blyth; T.Robson, Hoitby House; P.
Skipworth, Aylesby; S. Wiley, J. G. Dixon, W. and R. Jobson, T. Charge,
and W. Smith, who bought largely at the second sale, and has been named
in conjunction with the Hon. J. B. Simpson as his partner in the purchase
of Lancaster 360. Mr. Smith, at the second sale, was the buyer of the
highest-priced female, Young Nonpareil, for 151 gs. That heifer, two years
old, was a daughter of Earl Spencers purchase for 370 gs. at the previous
sale, and belonged to the Wildair tribe. Mr. Simpson was also a buyer in
1820, and Sir Chas. Loraine, the buyer of Harold, at Ketton, in i8io, took
the Red Rose bull Baronet 62, for 350 gs., at Barmpton, in 1820. Some
other remembered names, and a few which have dropped out of notice in
connection with the outlines of Shorthorn history, occur in the list of buyers
at Mr. Robert Collings sales.
Some of the buyers, indeed, were Shorthorn breeders at a very early stage
of the Colling period, and long before the sales at Ketton and Barmpton had
used bulls from the herds of the brothers Colling, whilst others bore names of
even earlier note. The herds of some of those contemporaries of the Collings
who reached and kept for any considerable length of time foremost places
in the ranks of Shorthorn breeders will come in their turn for notice. In the
meantime a few notes, fragmentary and miscellaneous, may serve to bring
the Colling period more nearly home to us who are separated from its final
scene by the length of more than three score years and ten.
In the month of May, 1830, nearly ten years after the final sale at Barmp-
ton, and nearly twenty years after the Ketton herd was dispersed, Mr. Henry
Cottrell, the much-credited Gloucestershire authority of that day upon the
Shorthorn and other questions connected with agriculture, paid one of his
memorable visits to the north of England. On the 29th May, he was at
Monkend, Croft, and had an interview with Mr. Charles CoIling, who lived
in retirement for twenty-six years after his sale, and died at the age of eighty-
five years, in the year 1836. Mr. Charles Colling told Mr. Cottrell that milk
had not been his object in his Shorthorn breeding, but he got it when he
could. fhe Daisy, Duchess, and Cherry tribes were his best milkers. Lady
(the alloy cow) was never much inclined to milk, and the dam of Comet 155,
Young Phcenix, was a bad milker; the Sir Dimple family were good milk-
ers; Windsor 698, Major 397, George 276, and Ben 70, were all good bulls.
His brother Roberts North Star 462 Mr. C.Colling described as a strong,
coarse animal; but the Barmpton Wellington 68o as better than the Ketton
Wellington 679. Mr. Wiley, whom he had seen a day or two before, had
told him that Mr. R. Collings North Star was not so coarse as he had been
described and as reputation generally presented him. Punch 531 was sleek
in the coat, high at the tail, and habitually given to scouring. Foljambe 263
and Phcenix ranked, in his judgment, as his best cattle, and Foljambe did
more good at Ketton than any other bull, not excepting Hubback.
Mr. Wm. Parlour writes :
Many erroneous and misleading estimates of the work and

character of Charles and Robert Colling have been formed. They
are said to have been men of no high order of intelligence; to
3.11. CLOSE OF THE COLLING PERIOD 71
have been mere collectors, and lucky ones of ancient excellen-

cies. Nothing could be further from the truth. They did not
concern themselves with matters beyond their ken, but in every-
thing relating to practical agriculture they were not only eminent
but pre-eminent. Charles Colling paid a long visit to Bakewell
previous to 1783, and no doubt got his inspiration from Dishley,
but he appears to have grasped all the leading principles of cattle
breeding from the outset, and he rarely seems to have made a
mistake. To do this and, at the same time, to break away from
old prejudices required no ordinary mind. They were overshad-
owed by their work as cattle breeders, otherwise they would have
been known to fame as sheep breeders. Their flocks of improved
Leicesters, especially Roberts, who was known as the sheep man,
were in the highest repute, their rams were let and sold for high
prices, and when dispersed high averages were realised. After
their herds were formed their success in advertising them and
finding a market for them in the face of much greater difficulties
than any that have to be encountered to-day is an object-lesson
to every breeder, and would of itself have stamped them as men
of superior intelligence arid resource. It was no ordinary man
who, in spite of opposition, won the sprightly Miss Colpitts for
a bride at the beginning of his life; or received a presentation of
plate from fifty emincnt breeders as a token of gratitude for ben-
efits received, at the end of it, as did Charles Colling. It was not
in derision, but for his sterling qualities that Robert Colling was
named the Prince of the Skerne. Both brothers were prominent
members of the first Agricultural Society formed in Darlington
in 1783, and which offered prizes for live stock at Darlington and
Durham, and both were regular prize-winners at the shows. In
1803 an important experimental society was formed at Rushy-
ford, limited to twenty-one members, drawn from the ranks of
the leading agriculturists. The objects of the society were to test
by experiments the many problems relating to seeds, sowing, and
soils; fencing, draining, working, cleaning land, manuring in its
various forms, stock for different situations, food, feeding, etc.
The results of a great many interesting experiments were pub-
lished and show the work to have been skilfully devised and
carefully carried out. Of the twenty-one members there was an
executive committee of three, and Charles and Robert Colling
were not only members of the society but members of the small
executive committee as well. Robert Coiling was the first to use
a thrashing-machine in the county of Durham, and himself in-
vented a horse-rake; Charles introduced green manuring, and
carried out numerous original experiments, especially on root
and fodder crops. Facts like these, and they could readily be
added to, show them to have been leaders, and recognised lead-
ers, in every department of practical agriculture, and should ef-
fectually silence those who would not only dispute their claim to
take the highest place as breeders, but to anything more than
quite ordinary intelligence.
Chapter 4
From Barmpton to Chilton

and Wiseton
The Chilton sale in the year 1829, like the Ketton sale in 1810 and the
final sale of Mr. Robert Collings herd at Barmpton in 1820, marks a pe-
riod in Shorthorn history. That period comprises the work of breeders who
were contemporary with the brothers Colling, and who used the Ketton and
Barmpton blood both before and after the year 1820 some of them before
the year 1810 – and of breeders who founded their herds upon the dispersed
herds of Messrs. Robert and Charles Colling. A mere list of the names of
all who come within this classification would be tediously long, and would
serve, perhaps, no purpose which is not quite as well served by the indices
to the two volumes of revised pedigrees of bulls of Vols. I., II., and II I., and
Cows of the same volumes, of Coates’s Herd Book; and to add to such a list
any remarks upon the breeders severally would unduly extend this book,
though several of the more prominent will be referred to later. At the risk
of seeming to overlook some important names we have now to be satisfied
with the choice of a few from among those of the representative men of the
period under notice.
The Booth herds have their history, delightfully written from information
obtained at head-quarters, by the late Mr. Carr, of Stackhouse. Mr. Carr,
the representative of a very old Yorkshire family, brought to his task the
powers of a naturally able and active mind, refined by the traditions and
instincts of gentle lineage, and by a classical education. His work, therefore,
bears the impress of superior mental culture. It is the work of a gentleman.
Historically it is of much value, owing to the sources of knowledge to which
he had access; although, had he lived to revise and republish it, that value,
doubtless, might have been enhanced in various ways. Mr. Carr records
the establishment of a Shorthorn herd at Killerby some time before the year
1790, by Mr. Thomas Booth, the father of Messrs. John and Richard Booth,
who made his earliest selections from the best of the old Teeswater cattle,
73
74 CHAPTER 4. FROM BARMPTON TO CHILTON AND WISETON
and used Coiling bulls until the character of his herd was fixed, when he used
his home-bred bulls and bred from close affinities. His sons and grandsons
carried on the same practice, occasionally introducing fresh blood in half-
crosses, or smaller proportions. Another, and an earlier, authority, Mr.
Henry Cottrell, whose contributions to the Farmers Magazine more than
seventy years ago are dated from Gloucestershire but whose Herd Book
address a few years earlier was Rhodgate Lodge, in Somersetshire, went to
see both Mr. John Booths herd at Killerby and Mr. Richard Booths herd at
Studley in 1830. He mentioned Anna and Isabella, in Mr. Richard Booths
herd, and liked still better the herd of Mr. John Booth at Killerby, where
the cattle indoors were seen by candle light. As the Booth herds have never
been wholly dispersed, but some tribes of the Killerby, Studley, and Warlaby
Shorthorns have remained with one or another of the family down to the
present day, we shall have occasion to notice them more fully subsequently.
The herd of Major Bower is laconically described by Mr. Cottrell as
comprising a very neat and pretty set of cows, but the bulls villainous,
except Navigator r 260. What Mr. Cottrells ideal bull may have been we
may guess, but cannot assuredly kt?ow. We find his report upon Warlaby,
where the father of Messrs. John and Richard Booth was then living: bulls
worse than bad, cows tolerably good; and even in the days of Warlabys
height of glory, after the succession of Mr. Richard Booth to his fathers
place there, it was no uncommon saying that fine bulls were bred at Kirk-
levington, fine cows at Warlaby, notwithstanding the fact that Duchess 34th,
Oxford Premium Cow, and Cambridge Premium Rose were all bred by Mr.
Bates; and that Crown Prince 10087, Vanguard 10994, Harbinger 10297,
and Windsor 14083 were all bred by Mr. Richard Booth.
On widely diverging lines, whilst the Booth family were building that
which, when all was said that could be said against it, was to be a substantial
and a long-lasting edifice, Mr. Bates was carving out his own ideal from
much the same material as the Booths possessed. The blood of Mr. Mason
s Matchem 2281 was common to both herds, and curiously brought some of
the rival animals of Killerby and Warlaby into not distant blood-relationship
to one another. But the herd of Mr. Bates, like the herds of Messrs. Booth,
must stand over in reserve as regards detail, because its fuller history belongs
to a time many years later than the sale at Chilton, to which we shall refer
after tracing a few other herds of the period. G
4.1 Barmpton-Chilton period

Among the breeders who were partly of the Colling period and partly of the
period which we are now considering as having closed with the Chilton sale
in 1829, was Mr. John Charge, of Newton, who used some notably good and
impressive bulls, for example, the Grey Bull 123 and 872, whose sire was
4.1. BARMPTON-CHILTON PERIOD 75
Favourite 252, and whose dam, belonging to his excellent Lady family, traced
through Old Simon to the Studley White Bull 627, and from the union of
Gentle Kitty, a daughter of the Grey Bull, with Mr. Charles Collings Major
397, whose parents were Comet 155 and Lady, he bred Western Comet
689, one of those extraordinary bulls whose offspring are all good in various
degrees, of course, according to the character of each dam, but all more or
less good, and all bearing, to some considerable extent, the unmistakable
stamp of their sire. It was said that Mr. Charge, justly regarding his own
stock as of rare excellence, in-bred somewhat too closely, thereby losing
in some measure the grandeur of his type, but, however that might be, he
certainly laid foundations which have stood the test of time, and from which
some capital family lines have proceeded.
Lord Althorp has been mentioned already as a buyer at Barmpton, and
must be classed, accordingly, among the contemporaries of Mr. Mason; but
the foundations of the herd, better known in these days as Earl Spencers,
or the Wiseton herd, were largely extended by purchases at Chilton, as we
shall see later.
Several of the breeders of the period now under consideration will come
into notice in connection with material derived from their herds, and taken
into the composition of famous herds reaching down into later years. There
were others, too, whose historical position is not easily fixed, as they, either
individually or in families, belong to the greater part of Shorthorn history.
The Raines, for instance, held their own at Gainford through the rise and
dispersion of many distinguished herds; Major Rudd contributed to both the
making and the writing of Shorthorn history, for he bought good Shorthorns,
bred good Shorthorns, and wrote a part of what he knew or believed about
Shorthorns and Shorthorn breeders; and Mr. Hutchinson, of Grassy Nook,
in his own peculiar fashion, wrote a lively pamphlet besides founding the
Sockburn tribe, descendants of Sockburn Sall, whose white crescent mark on
her forehead was seen rising above the bridge at Darlington as she advanced
into town to win the honours of the show, held at that time, as the periodical
market was held, in the public street. Sir Henry Vane Tempest’s herd at
Wynyard, with its rich store of Princess blood, obtained from Barmpton
when Mr. Robert Coiling was in full practice as a Shorthorn breeder, was one
of those quietly maintained sources of excellence and power which necessarily
become famous on account of the good they distribute eventually, of which
the full value, probably, is not known until long after the herd has ceased to
exist. The sale at Wynyard was held in 1813. The catalogue was thus headed
: A catalogue of the breed of improved Shorthorn cattle, late belonging to
Sir H. V. Tempest, Bart., deceased; to be sold by auction by Mr. Kingston,
on Tuesday, October 5th, 1813, on the premises at Wynyard, in the county of
Durham. The sale comprised seventeen cows, three heifer-calves, three bull-
calves, and two bulls. The first lot was Princess, 13 years old, by Favourite
252, her dam by Favourite 252: dam of Anna Boleyne (lot 2), Elvira (lot
3), Nell Gwyn (lot 6), Peg Woffington (lot ii), and Pilot (lot 23). She went
at 36 gs. to Mr. Wood, Close, being bought for the Countess of Antrim.
Lot 2, Anna Boleyne, 10 years old, out of Princess, sold at 76 gs. to Mr.
Mills, Ferrybridge. Elvira another daughter of Princess, sold at 90 gs. to
Mr. I. Anson. Nell Gwyn made 68 gs. to Mr. J. Wood. Trinket, out of Old
Tragedy, went to Mr. Parrington for 48 gs.; while Mr. R. Wilkinson gave 52
gs. for Paroquet. Alexina was sold at 41 gs. to Mr. Vansittart; Tulip at 87
gs. to Mr. Mills, Ferrybridge; Calista, by Comet out of Cora, at 112 gs. to
Mr. Mills; Trifle at 58 gs. to Mr. Vansittart, who also took Peg Wofflngton
at 27 gs.; Angelina, by Phenomenon 491, out of Anna Boleyne, was bought
by Mr. Wood for the Countess of Antrim, at 63 gs.; Red Rose made 36
gs.; Young Tragedy, 70 gs.; Matchless, 40 gs.; Artless, 56 gs.; and Helen,
71 gs. One of the heifer- calves, Careless, realised 54 gs. The bull-calves
were sold at 52 gs., 5 gs., and 42 gs. The bull Wynyard, by Phenomenon
out of Princess, fell to Mr. Mills, Ferrybridge, at 210 gs., while Wellington,
by Wynyard out of Alexina, was retained by Mr. Wood for the Countess of
Antrim at 42 gs. It will be seen that the highest price was given for Calista,
from Cora. The seven Princess females averaged f6 i I 2s.
Mr. John Hutchinson’s pamphlet entitled Origin and Pedigrees of the
Sockburn Shorthorns, was published in 1822, and was dedicated to Sir
Charles Morgan, Bart. A few of Mr. Hutchinsons descriptions of his cattle
follow. The origin of his herd was Old Sockburn, a large, yellow cow with
some white; she was most remarkable for her mellow handling. Her pedigree
was totally unknown. Her last produce was a cow got by her grandson, and
the same as was mentiohed in the Farmers Journal, No. 670, which, when
on her journey to Sunderland in her fat state, weighed, alive, 136 stones
(of 14 lbs.) a most remarkably small-boned cow and mother of the heifer
Jin, which won the premium for heifers. Old Sockburn was also the dam
of the cow which Mr. Hutchinson presented to his godson, Mr. Thomas
Scott, when a calf, for which Messrs. Robert and Charles Colling bid 50
gs. at the time of purchasing Mr. Maynards cow and heifer for 30 gs., so
desirous were they to possess her. Young Sockburn was a daughter of this
cow by the Dalton Bull. She was the dam of the Sockburn Bull, which in
1787 won the Durham premium, beating Mr. Robert Collings entry. He
was got by Mr. Christopher Hills premium bull, called the Blackwell Bull.
Young Sockburn was a light red and white, and was highly prized by Mr.
Hutchinson. Old Sall, dam 01 the preceding cow, was own sister to the bull;
she had great symmetry, was a darkish red and white fleck, the white parts
dappled; had a beautiful lively countenance; fine small white horns, turning
a little upwards, and was a great milker. These three cows and the bulls
were the originals of the Sockburn Shorthorns, the raiser and founder of
which was Mr. Thomas Hutchinson, who died in 1789; he was the younger
brother of Mr. John Hutchinsons grandfather. Sockburn Sall, the premium
cow of 1798, was got by a bull belonging to Mr. John Coates, of Smeaton,
4.1. BARMPTON-CHILTON PERIOD 77
which he bought of Mr. C. Colling; and her dam was Old Sall. This cow
was in all grazing points excellent; her form was handsome, portly, and com-
manding; her handling rich and mellow, and her coat like glossy velvet. Her
colour was something similar to her dams, a fine red and white fleck, the
white in most parts sprinkled with red; her legs beautifully dappled; with a
fine star on her forehead, in form of a half-moon; which last distinguishing
characteristic prevailed in her latest descendants. The fineness of her bone,
her small, pale, waxy horns, blake muzzle, and hoofs of similar hue, and her
lively looks, were all admirable, and moreover, she was, like her mother, a
good milker. At Mr. Hutchinsons sale, held at Grassy Nook in 1833, after
his death, Mr. Bates bought Blanche, a descendant of Sockburn Sall, and
the Blanche tribe is still held in high estimation. From this line came the
Red and Roan Duchesses so well known at Towneley.
Whilst the Shorthorn was gradually enlarging its circles around its orig-
inal centre on the banks of the Tees, it was also sending out flying off-shoots
into further distant districts. The Hon. J. B. Simpson may be mentioned as
an example of what Shorthorn breeders were doing at considerable distances
from the old Durham and Yorkshire breeding-grounds. Mr. Simpson, whose
herd of eighty-two Shorthorns at Babworth, near Retford, was sold on the
24th of September, 1838, at an average of 37 2s. 3d., was one of the most
prominent breeders outside the old district, having some of the best Barmp-
ton blood, and using Ketton 346, Lancaster 360 (a bull whose merit as a
sire, by-the-bye, did not pass unquestioned, although he cost Mr. Simpson
and Mr. Smith, his joint purchasers, 621 gs. at Mr. Robert Collings
sale in 1818), Mr. Arbuthnot’s Mentor 426 (of Barmpton blood by both
parents), and other bulls of Ketton and Barmpton strains. Mr. Simpson,
whilst going to the surest good sources for both his foundation stock and
his changes of blood, based his expectations of results as much upon the
character of the animals individually as upon their pedigree. He would no
more think of trusting a bad animal from a good herd than an accidentally
good animal whose breeding was not good. Of him it was written forty-six
years ago, and a quarter of a century after his saleand it was written on
the authority of trustworthy notesthat he secured the best animals within
his reach, devoting equal regard to personal character and to the charac-
ter of ancestral facts. Pedigrees that did not speak for themselves, that
required explanation and apology, that contained dams without sires and
sires without dams, for there were many instances of both in the first and
second volumes of the Herd Book, evidently found no favour in his eyes;
and though a man, even under the peculiar circumstances of those times,
might have carried fastidiousness on such points to an undue length, it was,
generally speaking, a safe course to pursue. Such was the course chosen by
one of the representative Shorthorn breeders in Nottinghamshire between
sixty and ninety years ago, whose herd was at the height of its fame in the
period immediately preceding the Chilton sale.
Northamptonshire, at the same time, having welcomed the Shorthorn,

contained a leading representative breeder in the person of the Right Hon.
Charles Arbuthnot, of Woodford Lodge, Thrapston. Mr. Arbuthnots herd,
indeed, belongs also to the next following historical period, yet may be
rightly placed here, as it was an old herd when Mr. Masons herd came to
the hammer in 1829, and was founded to a great extent upon the herd of
Mr. Robert Colling by purchase at Barmpton, and from that of Mr. Charles
Colling through the herd of Major Rudd, one of the principal buyers at the
Ketton sale. The Woodford herd is in close historical association with that
of Sir Charles Knightley. As the head which Mr. Strafford used to point out
as illustrative of the Robert Colling type has often reappeared in Fawsley
families, and as the late Rev. John Storer had much to say upon the peculiar
and distinctively feminine sweetness of the heads of Sir Charles Knightley’s
cows and their descendants, it is perhaps well to mention the fact that the
type which a well- known authority always regarded as inherited from the
Barmpton Shorthorns is fairly indicated in the Herd Book portrait of Mr.
Robert Collings Maria, a noted dam in the Woodford herd. There are the
curved-in horns, gracefully rounded towards the forehead, the sufficiently
prominent yet placid eyes, and the clean-cut face, not a very short face, yet
not unduly long, and prettily carved out over the muzzle.
4.2 Mr Whitaker. The Herd Book

References to the stock of Messrs. Wiley, of Brandsby; Lax, of Ravensworth;
J. C. Maynard, of Harsley; Champion, of Blyth; Rose and Booth, of Cotham;
and many other prominent breeders whose herds were established within
or before the period which we are now considering, might be fitly enough
introduced before a notice of Mr. Mason’s famous sale in the year 1829.
Some of those herds, however, will be dealt with subsequently.
There was one English breeder whose herd, dispersed some years later
than Mr. Mason’s, was at the height of its excellence within the third decade
of the century, and for some years afterwards, whose influence over the des-
tiny of the Shorthorn was incalculably great. That breeder was Mr. Jonas
Whitaker, of Greenholme, better known, perhaps, as of Burley. Among the
tribes represented in Mr. Whitakers herd at Burley (a herd of capital milk-
ers of the improved Shorthorn blood and type) were those of Mr. Charles
Collings Pho nix, Old Daisy, and Magdalena, Mr. Robert Collings Bright
Eyes, Red Rose, and Golden Pippin, Sir Charles Ibbetsons Cora and Count-
ess, Sir Henry Carr Ibbetsons Lavinia, Mr. Masons Portia, Major Rudds
Daisy, Mr. Charges Simmon, Venus, and Prettymaid, Mr. Woodhouses
Empress, Mr. Jobsons Darling and Starville, Messrs. Booths Moss Rose,
Bracelet, and Alexina, Colonel Trotters Georgina, Mr. W. Smiths (West
Rasen) Jasmine and Laurustina, Mr. W. Coopers (Ox Close) Miss Fairfax,
4.2. MR WHITAKER. THE HERD BOOK 79
Lily, descended from Mr. Ralph Alcocks stock, afterwards known as the
Feldom or Fair Frances tribe, and Mr. Robinsons Nonpariel, the dam of
Norfolk 2377. The cow last named was bought by Mr. Bates, who also
sent cows of his Duchess, Waterloo, and Blanche tribes to her son Norfolk
2377. Miss Fairfax, one of the cows mentioned above, was the dam, and
Norfolk the sire, of Sir Thomas Fairfax 5196, the Royal first-prize bull at
the Bristol Show in 1842. Among the animals from which Sir Thomas Fair-
fax was descended, indirectly, Moss Rose may be mentioned as affording an
extraordinary example of fecundity, for she bred, in Mr. Whitakers herd,
thirteen calves within eleven years (i8i6 to 1827), one of which calves was
Matilda, also a very prolific cow, the dam of Fairfax, whose daughter, Miss
Fairfax, gave birth to Sir Thomas Fairfax. A considerable number of the
Shorthorns exported to the United States about I 8 4 and later were from
Mr. Whitakers herd.
But it was by the leading part he took in promoting the issue of Coates’s
Herd Book that Mr. Whitaker associated his name for ever with Shorthorn
history. The obvious need for a register of the pedigrees of the rising breed
had been recognised by the leading men among the Shorthorn breeders of
England for some years, and had been urged upon the company at one of
the Wynyard annual gatherings by Sir Henry Vane Tempest, his audience
including Mr. and Mrs. Charles Colling, Mr. Robert Colling, the four
purchasers of CometColonel Trotter and Messrs. Charge, Wetherell, and
Wrightthe Booth familyfather and two sons Mr. Bates, Mr. George Coates
and his son, and Messrs. Hutchinson, Baker of Elemore, Raine, Hustler,
and Stephenson. This occurred in the year 1812. The company approved,
Mr. Coates was asked to undertake the work, and Sir Henry Vane Tempest
generously offered to provide the funds. His death, however, shortly after-
wards, delayed the work for ten years, and after a revival of the project at
the Barmpton sale in i8i8, Colonel Trotter being the prime mover in the
matter, and another delay occasioned in 1820 by the death of Mr. Robert
Colling, who, in conjunction with Mr. Whitaker, had agreed to advance the
funds, to be repaid to him out of the promised subscriptions, the work was
eventually brought out in the autumn of 1822 with funds supplied by Mr.
Whitaker. The condition of Mr. Whitakers support was that the volume
should be printed at Otley, the town near which he lived; he had a manu-
facturing business at Greenholme. In a letter to Mr. Felix Renick, of Ohio,
dated May 3, 1836, Mr. Whitaker wrote, Mr. Paley and I have agreed to
assist Mr. George Coates in bringing out the Herd Book; it is to be under
our control until we have sold as many copies as will pay the printer and
other expenses. This evidently referred to subsequent volumes, as he also
mentioned that the first volume could not be republished until Mr. Coates,
the younger, had funds. It is thus apparent that Mr. Whitaker not only
guaranteed the cost of publication of the first volume, but also, with the
co-operation of Mr. W. F. Paley, of others of the early volumes. Mr. Coates
had a valuable assistant in his son, who succeeded him on his death not long
afterwards, and continued the issue at considerable intervals to the fifth vol-
ume, which brought the records of birth down to the end of 1842; but Mr.
Bates, prior to the issue of the first volume, had also rendered excellent help
in going about among the breeders and gathering particulars of pedigrees.
The Herd Book, after the publication of the fifth volume by the younger Mr.
Coates, became the property of Mr. Strafford, who owned and edited the
Herd Book (for many years with Mr. Thorntons assistance) from the sixth
volume, issued in 1846, to the twentieth volume, comprising births down to
the close of 1872. From the twenty-first volume, inclusive, to the present
time the Herd Book has been in the hands of the Shorthorn Society of Great
Britain and Ireland, by whom annual volumes have been issued. The most
recently published volume (Part I., Vol. LIII.) is dated August, 1907, and
brings the register of bulls up to the large number of 97,758. The cows have
no Herd Book numbers.
4.3 Mr. Christopher Mason’s herd at Chilton

Prominent among the pioneer breeders was Mr. Christopher Mason, of
Chilton, in the county of Durham, whose herd exercised a wide and beneficial
influence. His father was Mr. John Mason, who had very large contracts for
the supply of cattle to provision the Army and Navy. He was very successful
in this business, made a fortune, and purchased Chilton, an estate of seven
hundred acres, situate between Durham and Darlington. Mr. Christopher
Mason had, accordingly, a training on the soil and among cattle, and he
very early developed a great liking for live stock. He bred very good heavy
horses and sheep, but he preferred Shorthorns to all else. They were his
great delight, and in breeding them he attained high success. He is regarded
by some as the breeder who led the fashion of high keeping.
The first recorded purchases for the herd at Chilton were made in 1796,
when the brothers Colling were breeding the famous herds at Ketton and
Barmpton. At this early date there seems no doubt that the experienced
eye of Mr. C. Masons father was usefully employed in making the selections,
The foundation females appear to have numbered about half a dozen.
It is evident that Mr. Christopher Mason approved of the views and of
the judgment of Mr. Charles Colling, for he went to the same source and
bought the cow Miss Lax from Mr. Maynard, of Eryholme, whose herd fur-
nished to Ketton the famous cow Favourite or Lady Maynard. Furthermore,
Mr. Mason purchased from Mr. C. Colling a cow named Fortune. From
these two cows and by the use of bulls of Colling blood the Chilton herd was
mainly built up. Another foundation coxv xvas by B. 45, the first home-bred
sire used at Chilton. Of the other herd-matrons one was of General Simsons
blood, and got by Colonel 153, while the two others traced to the good herd
4.3. MR. CHRISTOPHER MASON’S HERD AT CHILTON 81
of Mr. John Newby.

One of these became known as the dam of Red Rose by Ben 70, and the
other bred Farmer 257, one of whose daughters was the dam of the celebrated
sire Matchem 2281, whose blood Mr. Booth and Mr. Bates took into their
herds. The Maynard and Colling cows, Miss Lax and Fortune, bred almost
all the earlier bulls used at Chilton, but the blood of the Red Rose cow was
introduced by the occasional use of the bulls Richard 1376, Dash 191, and
Freeman 269. General Simsons blood was also represented by bulls named
Bumper and Haughton 318. The first sire of the B. cows tribe, since known
as No. 2 Masons Sale or Portia, which was much used was Boniface 807,
sire of Matchem 2281. At the same time there was in service St. Albans
1412 of first-rate blood. Mr. Mason was fortunate enough to get this bull
at butchers price from Mr. Wood, who found him a slow worker, and, not
being cognisant of his real value, sent him to be sold to the fat market.
St. Albans 1412 was a son of Nell Gwynne, whose dam was the noted
cow Princess, which was not only of the highest and purest lineage, but also
of very handsome shape and a good milker. A breeder who saw her in her
old age at Wynyard, the seat of Sir Henry Vane Tempest, described her as
being straight in her lines over and under, a long, low animal, very round,
with good head and splendid hair. The beautiful character of the animals
of the Princess tribe has, indeed, been always remarkable. The Barmpton
herd of Mr. Robert Colling was represented not only by the Princess sire
St. Albans, but also by Dr. Syntax 220, a son of one of the Wildair cows of
Barmpton renown.
These bulls were succeeded by the well-known Satellite 1420, steeped
in Colling blood, which was purchased from Mr William Rober son of
Ladykirk, an l this sire an 1 his Sons, notable among which was Monarch
2324, were used in the Chilton herd up to the time of its dispersion.
Mr. C. Mason was esteemed by those who knew him well, and who were
competent critics, as one of the best all-round judges of his day, but it was
notorious that he took far more interest in Shorthorns than in anything else.
His training was sound, he selected animals of high breeding and pronounced
personal merit, and he retained all his leading tribes for many generations.
His exertions led to distinguished success, and a contemporary breeder has
left it on record, that he had never seen a finer collection of females. They
were all much alike, having large, fine frames, and they were remarkable for
their round and straight middlepieces and short legs. He also spoke in high
terms of the bulls, and thought Monarch was the best of all. This opinion
was also held by Mr. Mason, who regarded that bull as the best he ever had,
and who was very proud of having been his breeder. Portia is said to have
been a very grand cow, and Mr. William Wetherell gave it as his opinion
that her tribe was the best in the herd. Others, however, had a very high
opinion of the Britannia, which they would place second to none.
Mr. Mason’s final sale, which we look upon as closing an important
period in Shorthorn history, was conducted by Mr. Fell on August 31st,

1829, when eighty-eight animals of all agessixty-one cows and heifers and
twenty-seven bullsrealised (5622 15s., making a general average of A164.
The largest purchaser was Lord Althorp (Earl Spencer), who bought
sixteen cows and heifers and the bulls Mercury 2301 and Windsor 2846,
both sons of Monarch 2324. Ireland came out strong in the selections of
Messrs. Adamson and Holmes, Archbold, Cusacke, OFarrell, Cassidy and
Latouche, the last-named buyer taking the bull Monarch 2324, Satel- lites
son, at 270 gs., the highest price paid for a bull ; and Captain Barclay, of
Ury, took into Scotland the cows No. 20, bearing the name, now widely
celebrated, of Lady Sarah, and No. 27, for the former of which he gave 150
gs. and for the latter 75 gs.
At that time Scotland had already made a great advance in certain dis-
tricts of Shorthorn breeding, and the prizes offered at the Highland Societys
show at Perth, in 1829, with the record of Captain Barclays acquisition of the
Chilton blood, which is said to have effected most of the early improvement
in Scotch Shorthorns, indicate the breadth of the foundation previously laid.
Satellite 1420, the sire of Monarch 2324 and Lady Sarah (the sources of
Captain Barclays best blood), was bred by Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk, so
that it was to Ladykirk blood sent to England in the veins of Satellite, and
returned to Scotland in those of Lady Sarah and Monarch, that Captain
Barclay and his followers were indebted for the material which gave them
their greatest success. To several of the Scotch breeders who preceded the
Ury period of Scotch Shorthorn history we shall have occasion to recur in
dealing with the later herds, for it is a noteworthy fact in these days, when
so much is thought of the excellence of Scotch Shorthorns, that ever since
Scotchmen took up the breeding of Shorthorns, Englishmen have occasion-
ally gone to them for bulls. There was, for instance, that magnificent bull
Sultan 1485, bred by General Simson and highly valued by some of our best
authorities in England, where he was used ; and the very bull which did so
much in and about Aberdeenshire, Captain Barclays Mahomed 6710, was
purchased in partnership by Mr. Ladds, of Ellington, and Mr. Yorke, of
Thrapston.
Whilst Captain Barclay was at the height of his work as a Shorthorn
breeder, Mr. Grant Duff, of Eden, was spreading the Shorthorn influence
around the Banff district, and reaching outlying localities to which the blood
of Eden-bred bulls penetrated. Here, again, it is to be observed that an old
Scotch sort vic2 England lay underneath much of his success, as one of his
most noted bulls was Carcase 3285, bred by Mr. Wiley, and out of Sultana,
a daughter of General Simsons Sultan 1485, used in the Brandsby herd.
The narrative of Shorthorn progress in Scotland will be dealt with later.
In the meantime, it is necessary to mention here the names of other buyers
at Chilton, besides those already stated. Mr. Wiley was one, and Mr. J. C.
Maynard and Mr. Whitaker were among them; so were Sir Charles Knight-
4.4. THE WISETON HERD 83
ley, Mr. Arbuthnot, Mr. Duncombe, Mr. Baker, of Elemore, Lord Hunting-
field, Suffolk; Sir Tatton Sykes, and Messrs. Arrowsmith, Cattle, Crawley,
Smith, Reed, Dinning, Beesley, Peters, Cornwall; Dawson, Wales; Millward,
Green- well, Spoors, Wilkinson, Dudding, Metcalg James, Kennedy, Davi-
son, Bowman, and Bates, Captain Davis, and Mr. Van- sittart.
The Chilton sale undoubtedly gave a new impetus to Shorthorn breeding
in England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Mr. Christopher Mason died in 1835.
It has already been mentioned but may now be repeated that whilst
Messrs. Booth and Mr. Bates were working out diverging results, all, curi-
ously enough, turned to the Chilton strain for a change of blood; and not
only so, but all of them, the three Booths, of the one part, and Mr. Bates, of
the other part, as legal indentures express it, obtained that change through
one and the same bull as the medium of renovation. That bull was Matchem
2281. Mr. Bates took the Chilton cross through Matchem Cow, a daugh-
ter of Mr. Masons Matchem; the Booths, by the use of Matchem himself
and two of his sons, bred from their own cows. In the year 1830 Mr. John
Booth, of Killerby, bred the bull Young Matchem 2283, sire Matchem, dam
Blush; and three years later his father, Mr. Thomas Booth, then at Warlaby,
bred Young Matchem 4422, by the same sire, dam Young Carnation. The
sons and daughters of those two Young Matchems and of their sisters by
Matchem, at Warlaby, Killerby, and Studley, were first cousins, therefore,
to the sons and daughters of Mr. Bates Matchem Cow. For example, Mr.
Thomas Booths Farewell, Mr. John Booths Mantalini, and Mr. IRichard
Booths Isabella (the younger), the dam of Vanguard, were first cousins to
Mr. Bates Oxford Premium Cow and her sister Oxford II. the direct and
common ancestress of the Oxford tribe. This near relationship existed at
the very time when the rivalry of the two houses was approaching, or had
reached, its zenith. Then in the direct cross which Mr. Samuel Edward
Bolden took when he brought home Duchess 51st from the Kirklevington
sale and paired her with Mr. Booths Leonidas 10,414, the union was really
consanguineous, because Duchess 51st was by Cleveland Lad 3407, a son of
Matchem Cow, and Leonidas was a son of Innocence, whose dam was by
Young Matchem 2282.
4.4 The Wiseton herd

The herd of Lord Althorp, afterwards Third Earl Spencer, is noticed here,
because in its days of highest reputation it was most largely composed of
materials obtained at Chilton ; and the dispersion of Mr. Masons herd in the
year 1829, with the immediate results of that dispersion in the enrichment
of English, Scotch, and Irish herds, are the leading subjects of the period of
Shorthorn history at present under consideration.
Earl Spencer, as we have already seen, purchased largely at the Chilton

sale; but a few years before 1829 a herd of very well-descended Shorthorns,
some secured at the Barmpton sale in 1818, others tracing to early Colling
sires through Northumbrian and other north-country herds, had been estab-
lished at Wiseton. Lord Althorps selections at Mr. Robert Collings sale were
Diana, own sister to Juno, Wil airs daughter, at 73 gs.; Rosette, a daughter
of Red Rose, 300 gs.; and Nonpareil, Junos daughter, 375 gs. Rosette and
Nonpareil were both by Wellington 68o. From the Barmp- ton list of bulls,
Lord Althorp selected Regent 544, a son of Wellington, from Rosebud, a
daughter of Red Rose, so that the Wildair and Red Rose families of Mr.
Robert Colling may be said to have formed the nucleus of the Wiseton
herd. The county of Northumberland then contained probably some of the
best and most robust Shorthorns in existence, the breeders in that county
having early recognised the importance of a hardy, healthy constitution,
and the necessity of combining with early maturity and aptitude to fatten
the vigorous vitality which should enable the Shorthorn to compete with
other breeds under various trying conditions of climate. From the herd
of Mr. Gibson, of Stagshaw Bank, in Northumberland, some fine animals
were added to the rising herd. This strain, which had been in Mr. Gibson
s hands from about the beginning of the nineteenth century, produced at
Wiseton in 1819, the famous Jo, a thick-fleshed, light roan daughter of Mr.
Charles Collings Cecil 120 (Comets son, from Peeress, of the Cherry family,
of Ketton), whilst Jos dam, Brighteyes, was bred at Stagshaw Bank. Jo
was the first calf of a heifera two-year-old heifer-which afterwards proved a
very prolific cow, and Jo, herself a mother at the age of two years and three
months, bred ten calves, and was slaughtered at the age of fourteen years,
a little more than twelve months after she had given birth to her last calf.
Her own brother, Jvanhoe 1131, for several years one of the principal sires
in the Wiseton herd, was described by a writer in the year 1827 (when the
bull was five years old) as an excellent specimen of the improved Shorthorn,
whose young offspring fully justify the noble owners partiality for their sire.
Lord Althorp was also a purchaser from Mr. Compton, of Carham,
who at an early period of the last century was a North- umbrian breeder
of considerable repute, and had stock from Ketton, whilst his famous bull
Firby 1040, bred by the Rev. Thomas Harrison, of Firby, near Malton,
was by both parents descended from the grand old Northumbrian herd of
Mr. Angus, of Styford. The bull Firby is familiarly known to the readers
of Youatts work on Cattle by the engravings and letterpress of the Rev.
Henry Berrys historical treatise on the Shorthorn comprised in that work.
A description of Firby is there given by Mr. Berry, and further notes on
the personal characteristics and the progeny of that bull are supplied by
Youatt in an editorial note, in which his own observations are united to the
testimony of Mr. Hall, Lord Althorps steward, to whom the Shorthorn herd
at Wiseton was eventually bequeathed. The honour of breeding a Smithfield
gold medal winner was gained by Earl Spencer through his use of Firby,
whose daughter from Bulrush took that highly-valued proof of merit as a
four-year-old cow in I83 Firby was doubly of Northumberland blood, and
Bulrush, the dam of the gold medal cow, was by Mr. Donkins Hector 1104,
a bull bred in that county. These facts show that, apart from the Chilton
purchases, Earl Spencer must have possessed a very fine herd, and that the
Wiseton Shorthorns were bred upon judicious principles, and with an evident
decision of aim to perpetuate really desirable properties. The further history
of the Wiseton herd seems just as strongly favourable to the assumption that
great value was attached at Wiseton to the Chilton element, with which the
herd was designedly flooded under the same intelligent management that
had raised the merit up to the Smithfield gold medal standard.
It is important, for truths sake, to recognise this. Few herds, probably,
have been more unjustly cried down, or more foolishly wasted in consequence
of undeserved detraction than the Wiseton herd. It assuredly contained
many animals of very high merit, from the date of the Barmpton purchases
in 1818 to the day of its dispersion thirty years later. Some of its latest
distinguished animals are well remembered by living Shorthorn breeders.
There was, for instance, the magnificent cow Zeal. Her daughter, Wiseton
Lady, by Humber, was also a memorably fine cow, although not considered
equal to Zeal. Then there was the Orontes cow, Gold, the dam of Usurer
9763, and Usurer (by Lord Warden) was himself regarded by that eminent
judge, the late Earl Ducie, as a bull good enough to cross with the Duchesses.
The experiment of the cross was indeed successful, as the Usurer Duchess,
considered by some critics the best Duchess at the Tortworth sale, became
the dam of the twin heifers which brought additional credit to the Wetherby
herd by their prominent excellence at the Leeds Royal Show, whilst the
Usurer blood ran in the veins of most of the Dukes and Duchesses which
subsequently distinguished themselves in either the sale ring or the show
yard.
It was always a source of regret after seeing many really grand, big-
ribbed, massive cows of Wiseton blood, that the Shorthorn breeders of the
few years which passed xvhilst the Wiseton type was dissolving did not see
the advantage of catching the Wiseton influence before it passed axvay, and
blending with types in which there was room for improvement the better
characteristics of the cattle of Earl Spencer.
The cattle of Earl Spencer certainly bore the brand of a genuine breeder.
They might be inferior to those of Messrs. Booth, they might be inferior to
those of Mr. Bates, according to the prevailing taste and judgment of the
breeders of their day, but they had solid merits and were full of the finest
old Colling blood.
Whether at the Wiseton sale or not, certainly within a few years after it,
signs of deterioration were evident ; but then it was not too late to make use
of the valuable material that was still left, and might have been advanta-
geously blended with that of herds deficient in the best of the distinguishing
properties of the Wiseton Shorthorns. In some of the descendants of Earl
Spencers favourites the size was below the standard of the time, yet the
frames were neat, and there was plenty of nice, elastic flesh evenly covering
them. Jn others, again, there xvas ample scale, and the ribs were big, well
sprung, and thickly covered, but there was also an inclination to patchiness
in the cows as they grew old. These variations, yearly becoming wider, were
the natural results of a change of design, or in other words, of the removal of
the controlling will. There is at once a power gone, and the breeders type,
or Shorthorn sub-type, breaks up into its component characteristics.
Unfortunately for the scattered remnants of the Wiseton herd, a preju-
dice which had existed in some minds for many years gained ground from
the circulation of a sinister rumour, which had been denied, reasserted in
whispers, and eventually proclaimed aloud. That was the rumour that Mr.
Mason s Jupiter 342, an ancestor repeatedly found in Wiseton genealogies,
was not bred according to his Herd Book record.
In view of all the fractions of alloy in the Shorthorns prior to that period,
it xvas perhaps, at the least, absurd to attach much importance to the
rumour, even if that rumour were known to be perfectly true; but even the
rumour itself, when sifted, was found to contain no positive assertion of
the inaccuracy of Jupiters pedigree, but merely an element of doubt of its
accuracy.
This was the story. Mr. Masons highly-valued cow, Carnation, about
two, or two and a half years, after the Ketton sale in i8io, where Comet
I 55 had been sold for 1000 gs., was sent to that famous sire. So far, the
story goes unquestioned. It is further known that the desired union with
Comet i55 took place, and that due to date Carnation gave birth to Jupiter
342 in 1813. The awkward part is in the introduction of a statement, said
to have been made years afterwards by the herdsman who had charge of
the cow on the occasion of her visit to Comet, that on the way to Comets
home she had an interview with a strange bull that jumped over a hedge
into the road. That bull, it was suggested, and not Comet, was possibly the
sire of Jupiter. From that story to the contemptuous Son of a black-nosed
hedge-jumper, as a common description of Jupiters paternity, there was but
a short step, yet that step xvas the step to ruin for the popularity of the
Wiseton Shorthorns.
The Druid, in Saddle and Sirloin, has given a pleasant sketch of Lord
Althorp and his Shorthorns.
Lord Althorp cared nothing for politics in comparison with

his Shorthorns. . . . When John Grey, of Dilston, called upon
him at Downing Street and saxv George as a preliminary, the
latter remembered him, and gave a little dry laugh: Youve come
about cows, sir, so youll not have to wait long. Sure enough
his Herd Book lay beside him on the desk when Mr. Grey was
announced, and formed the text for the next half hour. Every
Monday morning his lordship received the most accurate budget
of what cows had calved during the week, xvith the calf marks,
and he did very little work till it was all transcribed into his
private herd book. This morning he handed Mr. Grey a letter.
Theres a letter, he said, from Carnegie; he admires my political
course, and he writes from the Lothians to say that I shall have
the first refusal of his bull. Then he so characteristically added:
Ive written to thank him for his political confidence, but Ive told
him there is a flaw in his bulls pedigree; he traces him back to
Red Rose, but Red Rose never had a heifer calf. At Smith- field
or the Royal he would work a whole day in his shirt- sleeves, and
at Shrewsbury, the very year before his death, no one bore such
an active part in putting the stock into their proper stalls. Once
out of office, he was wont to say, and theyll never catch me in
again. Nothing but the strongest sense of duty bound him to the
Exchequer.
Chapter 5
The Booth herds
Whilst the name of Wiseton in connection with Shorthorn history was still
unknown, whilst Chilton was a name of rising reputation, and the cattle of
the Brothers Colling still grazed the pastures of Ketton and Barmpton, the
Booth family in one direction, and Mr. Thomas Bates, single handed, in
another, were doing work which eventually, although on their several parts
undesignedly, divided the ranks of Shorthorn breeders, drawing within the
circles of two hotly-opposed parties, not all, but a large proportion of the
men who filled those ranks.
Lesser rivalries had previously existed, but their duration was compara-
tively short, and their heat was far below the intensity of that rivalry which
for many years embroiled the partisans of Kirklevington and Warlaby.
Divergences of taste and judgment, with consequent divergence of Short-
horn type, had gone on, almost without observation, for many years. At
length the showyard supplied motives for keener contention, jealousy fol-
lowed if it did not always precede defeat, and varying successes at the first
few shows of the Royal Agricultural Society of England were succeeded by
a five-and-thirty years war of names.
Not all, but a large proportion of the Shorthorn breeders of those thirty-
five years (or thereabout) joined the one party or the other; but it must be
here said of those who took sides, that but a small proportion, probably,
did so in blind prejudice or in bitterness. In accounting for the heat of
this rivalry, for the large number of persons induced to join either side, and
for the length of time it lasted, one must remember, and it is important
to see this point clearly, that if a man is at all a judge of Shorthorns he
has necessarily in his minds eye a distinct type or standard of merit. It
therefore follows that when variation of type has occurred he cannot esteem
the different developments alike; he must and does make his choice, and
without necessarily denying the existence of merit III where his choice does
not fall, he naturally speaks out for the nearest approach to his ideal. Thus
he becomes allied with a party, and, hoxvever free from party prejudice, he
89
90 CHAPTER 5. THE BOOTH HERDS
is sure to be classed with those who are not so free from it.
The differences of type which distinguished the Shorthorns of Kirklev-
ington from those of Killerby and Warlaby, fifty years ago, and which have
continued to distinguish many of their descendants to the present day, were,
and in some cases are, strongly marked. The dual character of the Short-
horn as a heavy beef-making and at the same time a bountiful milking breed
allows a great space for variation between the Shorthorn for the butcher and
the Shorthorn for dairy purposes. As the flesh-growing or the milking prop-
erties are the more carefully cultivated, the character of the cattle inclines to
the grazing or to the dairy type; so that treat difference of type is admissible
in Shorthorns eligible for exhibition in the same classes of our shows, and
equally eligible for registration in Coatess Herd Book ; the difference being
in extreme instances so great that two distinct Shorthorn breeds might be
recognised, yet in many Shorthorns those greatly differing types are blended.
Description of each type is now unnecessary. Every grazier and every dairy-
man knows what characteristic indicates fitness for his special purpose.
But beyond this, room for difference of main type-if, indeed, we must
not call it room for fresh classification of the Shorthorn under two distinct
breed-namesthere is within the dairy type, and there is within the grazing
type, room for those finer variations which, to the practised eye, reveal the
working out of a breeders mind. They are (by means of selection) stamped
upon the living animals as the impress of the breeders taste.
The difference between the two great rival groups of Shorthorns used to
be roughly lumped as Booth for the butcher, Bates for the pail, a proverb
containing some truth, yet conveying error. True, the distinctive Warlaby
mould was the butchers model, and a great tendency to pile on flesh is
always unfavourable to deep or long-continued milking; and, equally true,
the gay, Kirklevington style, and the structure and carriage of Mr. Bates
Shorthorns, were nearer the dairymans ideal; yet the dams of many of the
best Warlaby winners were prodigious milkers, and the dairy, as well as the
grazing properties of many herds, have been improved by the use of hired
Booth bulls; whilst some of the greatest graziers, including men of amplest
Shorthorn knowledge, have declared in favour of the blood of Mr. Bates for
prime steers. It was, however, generally used by them for mixing, and its
great value was found in a blend with that of ordinary Shorthorn stock.
Either group, no doubt, could supply what is called the general purpose
cow; either group, a first-rate dairy cow or a first-rate steer. Either group
could produce bulls capable of doing immense good in cross-breeding, or in
the improvement of common stock; and the superiority of either, perhaps,
rather depended upon the special needs of particular stocks than existed in
the abstract. It was for the customer to determine what stamp of bull his
stock needed, and to select according to his judgment.
For the past tense, used hitherto, the present tense may be substituted,
in reference to existing representatives of the sub- types of Warlaby and
5.1. THE HOUSE OF WARLABY 91
Kirklevington, and the foregoing remarks will be found applicable so far,

and so far only, as distinctive difference is maintained to the present time.
5.1 The House of Warlaby

The names of Killerby and Studley are ever to be remembered in connection
with the rise and progress of the group of Shorthorn tribes bred by the Booth
family; but as the greatest fame in the showyard, and the longest unbroken
history of any of the herds of that family, belong to Warlaby, and as Warlaby
is still the home of the one remaining herd, the name of Warlaby may now
and henceforth stand for the entire group of three great historical names.
The late Mr. Carr, in his History of the Killerby, Studley, and War-
laby Shorthorns (Ridgway), a work which stands as the fullest source of
authoritative information known to the public upon those herds from their
earliest existence down to the year 1867, when the work was published, has
recorded the fact that some time before the year 1790, Mr. Thomas Booth,
then farming his own Killerby and Warlaby estates, began to breed Short-
horns at Killerby. That is to say, Killerby must be considered the original
headquarters of his herd; although, Warlaby being within a ride of a few
miles, and also farmed and stocked by himself, it is reasonable to suppose
that some of the Shorthorns, say, young heifers at grass or cows wanting a
change, would be sent to the Warlaby pastures. We probably should not be
far wrong in fixing one hundred and seventeen years as the length of time
which Warlaby now covers in the history of the Shorthorn.
Mr. Carr, in his work, has given his own conclusions, deduced from
results, and from bare records of pedigree, rather than from positive state-
ments or family traditions, that this founder of the original herd was ac-
quainted with, and guided by, the hypothesis that the male is the more
influential parent as regards external appearance, the female as regards the
vital and nutritive organs. Whether this hypothesis was ever known to the
founder of the Warlaby herd, and if known, had anything to do with his
practice, it is not necessary now to discuss. There is authoritative informa-
tion that he bought calves from a good stock at Ainderby (close by Warlaby
and a few miles from Killerby, a fact which adds to the probability that some
of his early Shorthorns grew on Warlaby grass), and it is known also that
these calves, bred from stock of the old Tees- water type, eventually became
dams of stock by sires bred at Barmpton and Ketton. The Colling blood,
the most highly improved strain of the day, thus blended with a sound strain
already partly improved in the direction towards which the Collings were
successfully working, produced the foundation stock of the first Mr. Booths
herd. To Mr. Booths sagacity, followed by the consummate judgment of his
two sons, Mr. John Booth, of Killerby, and Mr. Richard Booth, of Stud-
ley and Warlaby, and to the persistence of his grandsons, likewise excellent
judges, in the system commenced by himself, must be ascribed the successes

of the Booth family in not only maintaining, but also, as far as improvement
could go, improving the characteristics of the descendants of the herd which
was founded about or before the year 1790. Mr. Booth, according to Mr.
Carr, acted upon the principle recognised by the disciples of Bakewell that
the old notion in favour of great size was a vulgar error, and that to make
a more profitable animal the loose frame must be drawn together, coarse
bone refined, lumps smoothed down, and hollows filled up. That he sought
refinement chiefly in the male we cannot doubt; yet other reasons than belief
in the doctrine of male predominance in externals might account for this.
One bull, in one season, may be the sire of twentythirtyfifty calves, whilst
if one cow breeds one calf in the year she does as well as can be reasonably
expected. Suppose the Collings to have bred the usual proportion of male
to female calves: they would have many bulls to let or sell for any one cow
they could spare. To obtain a succession of Ketton or Barmpton bulls was
no difficult matter to a man of ample means like Mr. Booth, but to buy
a herd of Ketton or Barmpton cows, before the brothers Colling sold their
herds (long after Mr. Booths start) was not a chance that could often occur.
Mr. Booth was a man who kept his eyes open, and could see for himself
that three or four generations of bulls of the best blood and type upon good,
sound, useful stock of the Teeswater breed, gave the characteristics of the
highly-improved Shorthorn. It was not, necessarily, that one bull could do
more 4han one cow in the transmission of external properties to each of
the offspring, but that three or four bulls of one stamp, in uninterrupted
succession, could do more in the transmission of all properties, inside and
outside, than the one cow which was the third or fourth dam back in the
genealogy of the offspring; and that the Gollings bulls, produced as plenti-
fully as their cows, and only, say, one in twenty being required in the Ketton
and Barmpton herds, could be had when their cows and heifers xvere not
on sale. It was by the use of the Collings bulls upon stock of the same kind
from which the Collings had made the bulk of their earliest selections, that
the Shorthorns were multiplied rapidly enough to meet the demand which
occurred when the merits of the improved breed became generally known.
Mr. Booth did what his neighbours were (loinO and if his work stood the
test of time better than the work of most of those neighbours, several rea-
sons may combine to account for the fact. Mr. Booth was undoubtedly the
possessor of remarkably sound judgment in the choice and assortment of his
breeding stock; that judgment was handed doxvn to his descendants, with
the accumulated advantages of the knowledge added to family traditions by
the personal experience of each successor; and it so happened that one or
another of the family always had the will and the means to keep the best of
the stock together. As the aim had always been for one type, and the blood
carefully guarded against mixtures likely to alter the type, the result was
like that of the work of one breeder.
5.2. KILLERBY AND WARLABY TRIBES 93
It is curious to notice how the system at first adopted by Mr. Thomas

Booth, the founder, under necessity, was followed, as occasion needed, by
his descendants. The reference here is to the building-up process, by the
use of the best bulls upon fresh foundations. That system soon placed Mr.
Thomas Booth in possession of a fine herd of mainly Colling blood upon
the Ainderby or Fairholme stock. Other new foundations were from time
to time introduced, Booth blood being added through successive sires until
each new family became, potentially and for all practical purposes, pure
Booth.
At Killerby, after the dispersion of the old Killerby herd, the property of
Mr. John Booth, Mr. Thomas Booths elder son, there was a return to the
building-up system, beginning in the lifetime of Mr. John Booth himself,
but continued with more determined purpose and much success after his
death, principally by his younger son, Mr. j. B, booth, whQ ve 1t1Aally
remained at Killerby, the elder brother, Mr. T. C. Booth, taking the herd
at Warlaby, and residing there, after the death of his uncle, Mr. Richard
Booth. The building-up system was also practised at Warlaby, but not to
a great extent, by Mr. T. C. Booth, whose chief problem on coming into
possession of his uncles famous herd was how to save the remaining lines
from the decay which is sure to follow prolonged in-breeding of cattle under
domestication. His decision was to take into the Warlaby herd the fruits of
the work of that great breeder Mr. William Torr, who had bred from Mr.
Richard Booths Anna tribe, crossed with fresh blood, and had for many
years recrossed that tribe, and crossed other very valuable tribes with Mr.
Richard Booths best bulls. Accordingly, at the Aylesby sale in 1875, after
Mr. Torrs death, he made several costly purchases, from some of which a
great measure of blood renovation was effected without loss of type.
5.2 Killerby and Warlaby tribes

It has already been noted that Mr. Thomas Booth, farming his own Killerby
and Warlaby estates, laid the foundation of his herd previously to the year
1790 by purchasing good stock of the Teeswater breed, and using bulls from
Mr. Robert Collings herd at Barmpton, and Mr. Charles Collings at Ketton.
Some of his foundation cows were bought in the Darlington market whither,
as well as to Yarm Fair and other local assemblies of buyers and sellers,
the breeders on both sides of the Tees sent their surplus cattle, including
often breeding cows in the height of their usefulness, just the best age for
producing strong and healthy offspring, as they frequently sold them off
after yielding a calf or two; and sometimes, when money was wanted for
rent or other purposes, a plum picked out from the heifers would be offered
as a special temptation. Anyhow, capital stock came into Darling- ton,
and Mr. Booth had there good choice of materials to begin upon. He also
bought privately where he had a chance of selecting what he wanted, and

among his earliest selections were calves from the Shorthorn dairy stock of
Mr. Broader, a tenant of Lord Harewood at Fairholme, in the parish of
Ainderby. From these eventually he raised several tribes.
Although, on the authority of Mr. Carrs history, we have the information
that Mr. Thomas Booth commenced at Killerby the breeding of Shorthorns,
his earliest entries in the Herd Book (Vols. I., II., III., Cows and their Pro-
duce, reprinted in Vol. I.) are indexed as those of Mr. Booth of Warlaby,
a fact significant of the early association of Warlaby with the Shorthorns.
Breeding began at Killerby more than one hundred and fifteen years ago. In
the same index the entries of Mr. Thomas Booths sons are severally given
as those of Mr. J. Booth, Killerby, Catterick, and Mr. R. Booth (late of
Studley), Warlaby, Northallerton. But there are a few errors, which should
be noted by every careful student of the Herd Book, and corrected in any
future reprint of the early volumes. In the index, in Mr. Thomas Booths
entries (given as those of Mr. Booth, Warlaby, Northallerton, and immedi-
ately preceding those of his two sons), there is an omission of reference to
page 78, erroneously given below as a reference to one of Mr. John Booths
entries, and page 167 is a misprint for 166. The reader should now refer
to page 78, and note on the margin that Bright Eyes, calved in i 8o8, and
her two elder daughters, Ariadne and Agnes, were not bred by Mr. John
Booth, as shown in the index, but by his father, Mr. Booth, whom, to avoid
confusion, we must mention as Mr. Thomas Booth. The suggested marginal
note should also state that the two younger calves of Bright Eyes, Agamem-
non 9, and Rosabella, were not bred by Mr. Booth, but by Mr. Richard
Booth, according to the English mode of reckoning, although, according to
modern American usage, Agamemnon would be entered to the credit of Mr.
Booth, the father, and not of Mr. Richard Booth, the son. The fact is, when
Mr. Richard Booth went to Studley in 1814, he began breeding on his own
account with some Short- horns from his fathers herd, among them Bright
Eyes, in calf to Albion i4, and her two daughters, both by that sireAriadne
being then a two-year-old heifer, in calf to Marshal Beresford 415, and Agnes
a yearling. Soon after removal to Studley, Ariadne produced a heifer, and
her dam, Bright Eyes, in the same year gave birth to Agamemnon 9. From
Ariadne Mr. Richard Booth bred the famous Anna, by Pilot 496, in whose
descendants, purchased by Mr. T. C. Booth at the dispersion of Mr. Torrs
magnificent herd thirty-two years ago, the Warlaby herd regained a tribe
which had passed out of Mr. Richard Booths hands at the Studley sale in
1834.
The next correction is that the index reference to page 464 should be
transposed from Mr. John Booths to Mr. Richard Booths list of entries.
There are one or two misprints besides, such as 82 for 92, but they do not
affect the ownership of the animals.
Three roots of Warlaby tribes were of Fairholme extraction, that is to
5.2. KILLERBY AND WARLABY TRIBES 95
say, from Mr. Broaders stock. One tribe, indeed, from one of these three
roots was soon sub-divided into distinct branches, some of which ended in
bulls only, others passing out of the hands of the Booth family, whilst one
branch distinguished itself at Warlaby and in the show yards by such cows
as Plum Blossom, Nectarine Blossom, and a cluster of other memorable
Blossoms, and by such bulls as Baron Warlaby 7813 and Windsor 14,013.
According to Mr. Carr (Hist. pp. 8, 9), from the same root, that is, from
the same Fairholme heifer, sprang Moss Rose, the ancestress of Livia and
Semele, sold to Sir Charles Knightley, and of Eve, sold to Major Bower;
and Mr. Carr mentions, as also from that source, Modish (the dam of Mr.
John Booths Memnon 1221, and Mr. Holmes Belzoni 783), consequently
(we think it is evident, although not stated by Mr. Carr) Venus, the dam
of Mr. Booths Young Pilot, must have come from the same root.
From another Fairholme heifer sprang Old Red Rose, whose descendants
flourished for some years in the herd of Major Bower.
The third Fairholme root produced Bright Eyes, the granddam of Anna,
two of whose branches, the Bright branch and the Riby branch, restored to
headquarters in 1875, now form integral parts of the Warlaby herd.
The Halnaby tribe, sprung from a cow bought in Darlington market,
was regarded by Mr. Richard Booth as one of the very best his father
had ever possessed, and one that maintained both its great merit and its
reproductive power with extraordinary constancy. Through its sons its blood
was well worked into all the other Warlaby tribes. Of this tribe, which
was sometimes called the Strawberry tribe, or the Strawberry and Halnaby
(locally pronounced Hannaby ) tribe, the late Mr. Richard Booth used
to speak in glowing terms. It was difficult, if it was ever possible, to get
from him an admission of the superiority of any one tribe over another
in his own or his fathers herd; but over his pipe, in the little snuggery
at Warlaby, when he got warm on past days, his strong partiality to the
Strawberry and Halnaby cows of his youth would come out, and in measured
language, slow, yet full of the hearty liking he had for the cows he described,
as memory recalled them one by one, he would summarise the early dams,
several generations deep, as any one of them as good as my Bridesmaid, the
cow which took first honours at Carlisle, where Windsor was the premier
bull, in 1855. It was from the Strawberry and Halnaby tribe that Mr.
Richard Booth bred Leonard 4210.
The tribe of Countess, which produced at Killerby, in Mr. John Booths
time, the famous twin cows Necklace and Bracelet, and the bmil Bucking-
ham 3239, Bracelets son; the Flora tribe, which produced in succession those
splendid cows Faith, Hope, and Charity, the latter the dam of Crown Prince
10,087; the Killerby tribe of Mantalini; the Warlaby tribes of Broughton,
Christon, and other tribes require, for a fair understanding of the composi-
tion of that leading herd, further examination.
5.3 Warlaby: thirty years from the beginning

It is said that a period of thirty years, or one human generation, is required
for a breeder to work out his design, or rather to develop and work it out; for
self-teaching accompanies intelligent practice. The education of the breeder
and the improvement of the herd proceed together. After thirty years, if the
man have sufficient individuality and strength of mind and will, with ample
means and opportunities, he ought to be able to show a herd of marked and
nearly uniform character. The founder of the Killerby and Warlaby herds,
Mr. Thomas Booth, had certainly done this long before the thirty years
had passed; yet just about thirty years had gone when he put the top stone
upon his work. That top stone was Pilot 496.
We now trace his progress down to the introduction of Pilot 496, and the
partitioning of his herd, which partly preceded, and partly followed, within
a few months, that crowning event.
It has been seen already how Mr. Booth selected stock from the farms
and markets of the district which at the time of his beginning to breed
Shorthorns more than one hundred years agowas the cradle of the Shorthorn
breed. We have also seen that he used bulls obtained from the brothers
Colling. Of those, two of the most influential were Mr. Robert Collings
Twin Brother to Ben 66o, the red and white son of Punch 531, dam by
Foljambe 263, granddam by Hubback 319, and the same breeders Suwarrow
636, by Styford 629, from a cow by Favourite. Styford was a son of Favourite
252, from a full sister in pedigree, if not absolutely oxvn sister, to Twin
Brother to Ben. Closely related as were Suwarrow and Twin Brother to
Ben, Mr. Booth continued with them and their progeny the same system of
close in-breeding which the Collings had adopted to concentrate the power
of their best blood. As he had suitable fresh foundations he could afford
to do so until he had effectuallyif the term may be permitted Coiling ised
his herd xvith the concentrated blood of Favourite, Punch, Foljambe, and
Hubback. He also introduccd the blood of an unnamed own brother to
Mr. Charles Coilings cow, Young Strawberry, by Dalton Duke 188, from
the cow Favourite, purchased from Mr. Maynard under the circumstances
already related. Young Strawberry, the dam of Bolingbroke 86, was that
calf which accompanied Lady Maynard from Eryholme to Ketton after the
memorable visit of the Collings (on horseback) to the Maynards, when the
two ladies, Mrs. Charles Coilings and Mrs. Maynard, brought to bear upon
the destiny of the Shorthorn their irresistible influence with Mr. Maynard.
An instance of the manner and closeness of in-breeding in Mr. Booths early
days will illustrate his practice and show its identity in principle with that
of his contemporaries, the brothers Coiling. A cow by Twin Brother to Ben
bred a daughter by her own sire, which daughter bred, to Mr. Booths Son
of Twin Brother to Ben 88, a cow named Fairholme, after the birthplace
of the foundation dam. Mr. Booths Son of Twin Brother to Ben was from
5.3. WARLABY: THIRTY YEARS FROM THE BEGINNING 97
a dam by the own brother to Young Strawberry. Fairholme, thus bred,

became the dam of the bull Easby 232, by Suwarrow, a bull very nearly
related, as we have seen, to Twin Brother to Ben. Again, a cow by Easby
232, bred to Shakespeare 582 (by Easby, dam by Suwarrow, granddam by
Son of Twin Brother to Ben, great granddam by Twin Brother to Ben)
a cow which, to Albion 14 (an in-bred descendant of Strawberry and Lady
Maynard through Comet, Marske, and Washington), bred the cow Countess,
the direct ancestress of Necklace and Bracelet, and of Buckingham 3239.
The name of Albion 14, here mentioned to complete the tracing of the
pedigree of Countess, requires this explanation, that Mr. Booth spent twenty
years in working into every family of his herd the blood of Suwarrow 636,
and Twin Brother to Ben 66o, which was the blood of the bulls Favourite,
Punch, Foijambe, and Hubback, and of the cows Lady Maynard, Haughton,
and Tripes, the first-named Shorthorn cow on record, besides, of course,
that of all those other famous early Shorthorns which were the connecting
links of chains of descent from the Studley Bull down to Suwarrow and Twin
Brother to Ben; that he used the two last-named bulls as long as he could,
at the same time working in, by another tributary, Young Strawberrys own
brother, exactly the same blood which Foijambe had from his dam; and
that, having thus put a thick layer of the Coiling element upon his Fair-
holme and other foundations, he went to Ketton in i8io and bought Albion
i.
By the use of Albion, Mr. Booth introduced, through a fresh chan-
nel, more of the same blood. He also brought in a fraction of fresh blood,
but it was a small one, in Albion himself and reduced by one-half in Al-
bions offspring. Albion was by Comet 155, in-and-in-bred to the last degree
from Favourite 252 and Favourites dam. Albions dam was by Mr. Charles
Collings Marske 417, whose record goes no further than his sire, Favourite.
What fresh blood, or, more probably, what further intricacies of in-breeding
the name and pedigree of the dam of Marske would reveal, cannot now be
said. The reference number to Marske and the name of Charles are here in-
serted for the special purpose of guarding against confusion with Mr. Robert
Collings Marske 418, whose pedigree is recorded, not quite in full, but as
far back as the sixth dams sire. The granddam of Albion was Miss Wash-
ington, by Washington 674, whose sire was Favourite 252 and dam Lady by
Grandson of Bolingbroke, from Phoi nix, the dam of Favourite 252. Here we
have again very close in-breeding in connection with a minute and scarcely
recognisable if not utterly powerless proportion of the so-called alloy blood
in Washington and in Albion -4 through Son of Boling- broke 469, and a
slight variation of blood through Charles Collings Lame Bull 357.
Marshal Beresford 415, bred by Major Bower, was another addition to
the herd of Mr. Thomas Booth. Like Albion, he was a son of Comet and
his dam, Young Daisy, by a grandson of Favourite, was from Mr. Charles
Collings Old Daisy, by Favourite, the ancestress of the large and good tribe
now called by her name. Mr. Booth used him for a short time together
with Albion, but not requiring both was tempted to sell him, much to the
annoyance of his younger son, Mr. Richard Booth, who (according to Mr.
Carr) at the time would have preferred keeping the Marshal and letting
Albion go; but he was afterwards convinced of the wisdom, or the chance
good fortune, whichever it may be, of his fathers decision when, as years
developed the stock of Albion, their extraordinary merit became more and
more evident.
Eight years after his purchase of Albion Mr. Booth bought, at the
Barmpton sale in i8i8, Mr. Robert Collings Pilot 496, the son of either
Major 398 or Wellington 68o, from Red Rose, whose pedigree is a duplicate
of that of Styford, the sire of Suwarrow, and her dams pedigree a duplicate
of that of Twin Brother to Ben. This close consanguinity of Pilot and the
earliest bulls used by Mr. Booth has not been hitherto generally consid-
ered or noticed. To the writer it seems to have double importance; first
as evidence that Mr. Booth had strong reasons for liking that particular
strain of Messrs. Collings blood, as bred at Barmpton, after an experience
of its capabilities extending over his whole career as a breeder of high-class
Shorthorns; and, secondly, as showing the probability that he considered a
few generations of separate breeding, although the lines kept apart diverged
from one source, a virtual alienation of blood, so that much of the effect of
absolute fresh blood would be gained on reuniting those lines.
It may be objected that we have seen the identity of the blood of Pilot’s
dam and granddam with that of the two principal foundation sires of Mr.
Booths herd, but have not examined the whole of Pilots blood, inasmuch
as his sires pedigree has not been analysed. If this be so the challenge shall
be at once accepted. Pilots paternity is recorded as doubtful, but he was
unquestionably the son of one of two bulls related to each other in the degree
of father and son. Either Major 398 or Wellington 68o was the sire of Pilot.
Wellington xvas the sire of Major, so xve shall take Wellington first. He was
by Comet 155, whose blood was already strong in Mr. Booths herd through
Albion; his dam Wildair was by Comets sire Favourite, and his granddam by
Ben, the twin- brother to one of Mr. Booths foundation bulls. The further
sires in Wellingtons pedigree are Hubback 319, George Snowdons Bull 612
(Hubbacks sire), and Sir James Penny- mans Bull 6oi. There is nothing
hitherto that we can call fresh blood, unless this remote ancestor, Sir James
Pennymans Bull, was unrelated to the ancestors of Mr. Booths cattle; but
this seems highly improbable, as he was bred by Sir James from the St.
Quintin stock, and was almost certainly if not an ancestor of Hubback, at
least closely related to him.
Major, who was, if Wellington was not, the sire of Pilot, was by Welling-
ton, and his dam by Phenomenon 491, own brother to the dam of Welling-
ton; his granddam was by Favourite 263, and his great granddam also by
Favourite.
5.3. WARLABY: THIRTY YEARS FROM THE BEGINNING 99
We thus see that, in Pilot, Mr. Booth obtained no recognisable propor-

tion of fresh blood, unless temporary separation of lines derived from one
source so far estranges and alienates them as to give the virtue and force of
freshness xvhen they are re-united.
In the foregoing statements, to avoid repetition, the repeated descents
from Favourite and from his family line direct, and his male progenitors are
omitted. These, of course, emphasise the sameness of blood.
Before Pilot was introduced, Mr. Booth had transferred to his younger
son (Mr. Richard Booth, who went to Studley in 18 14) a portion of his
herd; and the year after the purchase of Pilot, he himself made Warlaby his
residence, giving up to his elder son, Mr. John Booth, on his marriage in
1819, together with the Killerby estate, a portion of the remainder of his
herd. There were thus three herds Mr. Thomas Booths at Warlaby, Mr.
John Booths at Killerby, and Mr. Richard Booths at Studley. All three had
the benefit of the use of Pilot, purchased at Mr. Robert Collings sale, in
i8i8, for 270 gs.
In order to bring down the history of the Warlaby herd to recent times,
we shall have to shift the scene, occasionally turning our attention to Killerby,
which for some years of Mr. John Booths life really outshone Warlaby in
the reputation of its Shorthorns, and eventually contributed to Warlaby
the renowned Buckiugham; and glancing at the Studley episode of 1814 to
1834, of which the great results affecting the herd were the establishment of
the Isabella tribe and the extraction of the Anna tribe from the old Killerby
tribe of Bright Eyes.
Before entering into an examination of the events which drew to the
recognised headquarters of the Booth Shorthorns the best blood of the old
Killerby and Studley strains, and placed in the foremost position the name
of Warlaby, a remark upon a popular notion of the views of the founder
and his family may be opportune. Much misconception appears to have
prevailed, and, in some minds, may still exist. It is to the effect that in the
traditions of Warlaby length of descent has not been duly appreciated. One
has often heard that the Booths have always gone upon the short pedigree
theory; that they have bred up their sorts one after another from nurse
cows; that they say you can do in ten or a dozen years all you can do in
fifty or twice fifty years, and so forth. This is a grossly mistaken notion,
and one which an examination of Warlaby practice for a century effectually
dispels; but it was oftener put forward in the days when fashion and fever
ruled in Shorthorn matters than it is in these more sober times. The notion,
incorrect as it was doubtless had its origin in the success of the Booth family
in demonstrating the power of a very few really good sires of one type and of
kindred or homogeneous blood, used upon a suitable although unregistered
foundation, to fix in a new line the characteristics of high-class Shorthorns.
The experiment xvas tried with marked success by Mr. Thomas Booth,
his sons, and his grandsons; and perhaps the Georgies and the Hecubas of
Killerby and the Homespuns of Warlaby gave some colour to the taunt. The
old lines of the first Killerby herd, however, in the hands of their founder and
his immediate successor at Killerby, and the old lines in the hands of Mr.
Richard Booth, at Studley and at Warlaby, and in the hands of his successors
at Warlaby, were guarded always in a manner indicating due recognition of
the value of long descent. This, indeed, was carried to the extent of what
many breeders, subjects of, as well as aliens from, the Warlaby federation,
have considered perilous degrees of close breeding; and when fresh blood
was admitted it was not new and untried, but well-proved patrician blood,
and had undergone further probation before final acceptance.
5.4 From Pilot 496 to Leonard 4210 and Bucking-

ham 3239
Mr. Thomas Booth, on removing from Killerby to Warlaby in 1819, left
a portion of his herd at Killerby for his eldest son, Mr. John Booth, who
had just married a daughter of Mr. Wright, of Cleasby, one of the partners
with Colonel Trotter and Messrs. Charge and Wetherell in the purchase
of Comet for 1000 gs. at Mr. Charles Collings sale in 1810. He retained
in his own possession portions of the Strawberry and Halnaby tribe, the
Blossom (Fairholme) tribe, and the Old Red Rose tribe, together with the
foundations of other tribes which he subsequently developed. As Mr. Carrs
History of the Killerby, Studley, and Warlaby Herds is occasionally referred
to in these notes, and is accepted by the writer as an excellent and a generally
authoritative work, it is necessary to suggest here that the introductory
paragraph under the head of The Killerby Herd, page 23, or the greater
part of it, would have been better placed under the head of The Warlaby
Herd. In that paragraph Mr. Carr gives particulars of the foundation cows
of the Farewell, Broughton, and Moss Rose tribes, and, omitting to mention
those tribes in the next following paragraph, among the tribes represented
in the stock taken to Warlaby, leaves the reader to infer that they remained
at Killerby. The fact is, those tribes were developed at Warlaby, and the
earliest-named dam of one of them, Dairymaid, if not calved at Warlaby,
could not have been more than a few weeks old when Mr. Thomas Booth
went to live there, as she was by Pilot, who did not come into his possession
until the autumn of 1818. From that calf proceeded the Moss Rose tribe,
that of the Warlaby Vivandiere, and her illustrious family. Here, again,
another explanation is necessary. This Moss Rose tribe, proceeding from
a coi v bought from a good stock in the village of Scorton, not far from
Killerby, but having a Warlaby-built pedigree, must not be mistaken for the
earlier old Killerby tribe of Moss Rose, which produced Semele, sold to Sir
Charles Knightley. There was also a Moss Rose branch of the old Killerby
tribe of Ruby.
5.4. FROM PILOT 496 TO LEONARD 4210 AND BUCKINGHAM 3239101
The Farewell tribe sprang from a Darlington cow. The first Booth sire
in it was Mr. Richard Booths Julius C sar 1143, bred at Studley soon after
Mr. Richard Booth went there, and in the Herd Book (Bulls of Vols. I., II.,
III., reprinted one Vol.) erroneously placed in the index among the bulls
bred by Mr. Thomas Booth. The second sire added to the line from the
Darlington cow was Pilot, and the third his son, Young Pilot, from a cow of
the old Killerby tribe of Moss Rose, not the Warlaby Moss Rose tribe.
The Broughton tribe, named after the village where the foundation dam
was purchased out of a dairy herd of good cattle, begins its Herd Book
record with a son of Apollo 36, followed by Pilot and Young Pilot 4702.
In the herd of Mr. Thomas Booth, at Warlaby, and in the herds of his
sons, Messrs. John and Richard Booth, at Killerby and Studley, Pilot, as
already shown, was in common service. After Pilots time, interchanges of
the use of sires were frequent, so that all three herds were bred pretty nearly
to one pattern, and continued to be closely allied in blood. Whilst the father
was quietly carrying on at Warlaby the work he had begun at Killerby, his
two sons were not only building upon the foundations which he had laid, but
were, moreover, enlarging the bases of their herds by laying the foundations
of new tribes. Mr. Richard Booth, who had got the first swarm cast by
the parent hive, was not less successful in grafting upon a fresh root than
he was in growing offshoots from the old Killerby roots. His most famous
cow, as an example of success in cultivating a Killerby root, was Anna,
by Pilot 496, from his fathers Ariadne, by Albion i . His most famous cow,
exemplifying successful grafting, was Isabella, also by Pilot, from White Cow
by Agamemnon, a son of Albion, and own brother to Ariadne, the dam of
Anna. Both were calved in the year 1820. These two magnificent cows, thus
closely related, were destined to bequeath their marked characteristics and
extraordinary merits to successive generations at Killerby and Warlaby.
Their influence has been distinctly traced through two-thirds of a century.
Mr. Carr remarked that from 1814 down to its dispersion in 1834, the
Studley colony took precedence of the parent stock, and that for some years
after the dispersion of the Studley Shorthorns in 1834 (until, perhaps, 1845-
6, when Mr. R.Booths Faith and Hope were in the ascendant), the Killerby
herd, with its halo of Bracelet and Mantalini triumphs, held a more con-
spicuous place in public view than that of Warlaby. Possibly as the coinci-
dences of parentage and improvement in the most representative Shorthorns
of Killerby and Warlaby at the periods referred to by Mr. Carr are ex-
amined, evidence will be found that the pre-eminence of Killerby for some
years and of Warlaby in the years which followed may have been, as it is
believed to have been, in no small measure due to the influence of Anna and
Isabella.
Mr. John Booth shared with his father some of the principal old Killerby
tribes, portions of which were taken to Warlaby (if some of the animals
were not there before Mr. Thomas Booth changed his residence), and he
introduced other tribes which we shall presently have occasion to notice. He

had portions of the old Red Rose, Blossom, and Strawberry- Halnaby tribes;
and among the cows left was Valentine, by Blucher 82, from Countess, by
Albion. Valentine, then three years old, had bred one calf, the bull Apollo
36, by Young Albion i , and breeding again to Remus 550, a Cleasby bull
by Comet 155, produced, when Mr John Booths property, Vestris. She
afterwards bred Jack Tar 1133, by Pilot 496, and Volunteer 1553, by Young
Albion. There is an error in the Herd Book list of her produce, all her
calves being entered as bred by Mr. Booth, whereas all, excepting Apollo,
were bred by Mr. John Booth. This is corrected in other entries, but might
mislead the reader who simply refers to Valentines entry. Vestris (eventually
sold to Mr. Whitaker), bred in Mr. John Booths hands Vestal, by Pilot,
and Vestal, breeding to Mr. Richard Booths Argus 759, gave birth to Toy,
the dam of Necklace and Bracelet. In those famous twins the blood of Anna
was mingled with that of Isabella. Their sire, Priam 2452, was a son of Isaac
1129 (sire Young Albion, dam Isabella by Pilot), and their dams sire, Argus,
a son of Young Albion, from Anna, by Pilot. There can be no doubt that
the blended influences of Pilot and Albion did much to fix the character of
the Booth Shorthorns, nor that the repetition of Pilots power by in-breeding
had very solid and satisfactory results ; but it is also noteworthy that the
very highest degrees of merit were found at Killerby in the two sister cows,
Necklace and Bracelet, whose sire and dams sire respectively contributed the
blood of the two closely- related cows, Isabella and Anna, reputed to have
been the very best cows ever bred at Studley, and the two best daughters of
Pilot at Studley, or anywhere else. Mr. Richard Booth used to point out, in
his grand cows by Buckingham 3239 and Vanguard 10,994, Harbinger 10,297,
and Crown Prince 10,087, distinct resemblance to those far-off daughters of
Pilot 496, whose male issue had proved so influential in transmittifig their
extraordinary merits.
All the three herds took in, occasioi ally, fresh strains of blood, and Mr.
Carr appears to be quite correct in his contention that the results were
always the best when the new blood had become well diluted with the blood
previously used in the herds, and reduced to a smaller proportion than that
blood. The case of Pilot may occur to some readers, at first glance, as an
opposing example, but this is not so, as Pilots blood was identical with
that previously worked into the herd by many descents from Styford 629
(Suwarrows 636 sire) and Twin Brother to Bento say nothing of the then
recent blood of Favourite 252, which was common to all superior Shorthorn
herds even at that early period. Fresh strains were worked in partly by
purchasing cows, but chiefly by the use of bulls by sires bred in other herds.
Matchern 2281, indeed, was purchased by Mr. John Booth and Mr. J.
C. Maynard conjointly at Mr. Masons sale, and was used at Killerby, but
seems to have done more good through two of his sons, which were from
Booth cows, and through the descendants of his daughters, in the blood
5.4. FROM PILOT 496 TO LEONARD 4210 AND BUCKINGHAM 3239103
which came from him after repeated dilution, than in his immediate sons
and daughters. As even a prominent writer on Shorthorns, whose works are
highly and justly valued (Mr. H. H. Dixon, The Druid in Saddle and Sirloin,
page 186), has overlooked the difference between the two Young Matchems,
it is perhaps necessary here to explain that at Killerby the union of Matchem
and Mr. John Booths Blush produced Young Matchem 2282, whose name
appears in the Broughton pedigree of Warlaby, and in that of Ladythorn,
for example, at Killerby, and that the union of Matchem and Mr. Thomas
Booths Young Carnation gave to the Warlaby herd Young Matchem 4422,
the sire of Fitz-Leonards dam.
Mr. John Booth introduced, by purchase, Miss Wrights Sylph, full of
the blood of Favourite and Comet, in-and-in-bred from them, and from
the female offspring of their ancestress, Lady Maynard, and superadding
to her pedigree Pilot, Alder- man 1622 (by Young Albion, dam by Pilot),
Matchem, and Marcus 2262 (full of Pilot and Matchem, with Isabella in
the near background), produced Mantalini. The Madaline tribe of Killerby
belonged to the old stock of Mr. Thomas Booth, who had purchased the
foundation dam, a fine cow, and round as a rollers (Carr, Hist., page 33),
from Mr. Marmaduke Taylor, of Catterick. It was formerly called the
Gaudy tribe, from a remarkable ancestress, Old Gaudy, by Suwarrow. From
that cow the line consists of dams by Albion, Young Albion, Pilot, and
Matchem, so reaching to Madaline by Marcus. This tribe, with that of
Mantle, won great celebrity in the Towneley herd. Mantle also was by
Marcus, and was descended I from the Simmon tribe of Mr. Charge. She
was the dam of Beauty and granddam of Beautys Butterfly. The Towneley
herd was further indebted to that of Killerby for several very influential
sires, including Jeweller, a grandson of both Neck- lace and Bracelet. Both
his parents, in fact, were by Leonard 4210, his sire from Bracelet and his
dam from Necklace. He was not a handsome bull, but was the sire of many
prize- winners, and his fame is securely perpetuated in that of his daughter
Butterfly. There were other Killerby tribes, but these mostly celebrated
as prize-winning tribes, may sufficiently illustrate the character of the
Killerby herd and the system of breeding pursued in it by two generations
of the Booth family. Its most marked influence upon the herd at Warlaby
was through Buckingham 3239, the son of Bracelet, by Colonel Cradocks
Mussulman 4525, of his Old Cherry tribe. Buckingham, a plain bull in
some points, particularly in his somewhat loose and perpendicular shoulder-
blades, was nevertheless one of the best stock-getters that ever walked on
four feet. One may here bear in mind that, as his dam was indebted to the
Anna and Isabella influence through her dams sire and her own sire, so the
progeny of Buckingham 3239 were manifestly indebted to her. Mussulman
4525, although some old breeders used to cry him down as unfit to have come
near a cow like Bracelet, was certainly a well-bred bull (upon a dispassionate
and unprejudiced estimate of the worth of blood), and is understood to have
been a bull of at least average personal merit among the Shorthorns of his
day. His sire, Magnum Bonum, had by repeated descents the Old Cleasby
strain of Mr. and Miss Wright, which would be a recommendation to Mr.
John Booth; and Mussulmans dam was Col. Cradocks beautiful cow Old
Cherry, by Pirate. Still, it was evident to any one acquainted with the
type exemplified in Isabella, Anna, and Bracelet, that Bracelets was the
dominating influence on the stock of Buckingham. The cut of his heifers
was indisputable evidence of the prepotency of his dam. So far we have
progress at Killerby under Mr. John Booths ownership.
Mr. Richard Booth, in the meantime, carried on the breeding of his

herd at Studley until the year 1834, when it was, with one or two reserves,
dispersed by public sale. Short- horns at that time were somewhere about
low-water mark, and the herd of fifty-three animals (thirty-seven cows and
heifers and sixteen bulls) realised a total of 1777 13s., making a general
average of 33 ios. iod. The highest prices were, for a cow or heifer, 68 gs.
paid for Adelaide by Albert, from Anna, and for a bull that Qf I3rutus 1752,
bought by Mr. Whitaker for 71 gs. Argus (Annas son by Young Albion, and
sire of the dam of Bracelet) was sold for 44 gs. at the age of nine years, and
among the animals distributed were the heifer-calf Medora, of the Isabella
tribe, sold to Mr. Whitaker for 40 gs., and the bull Cossack 1880, the sire
of Mr. Parkinsons bulls, Clementi 3399 and Collard 3419, and of their sister
Cressida, whose name, like that of Medora, has become the name of a noted
tribe of lineal descendants.
Mr. Richard Booth, shortly after the sale of his Studley herd, inherited
the Warlaby estate, and went to live there, taking with him Isabella by
Pilot, reserved from the sale. He had lived in the meantime at Sharrow,
near Ripon. Mr. Carr (Hist., pages 22 and 47) gives 1835 as the year of
Mr. Thomas Booths death and Mr. R. Booths inheritance of the Warlaby
estate and herd. The Herd Book gives 1836 as the year in which Farewell,
Rachel, and White Strawberry were bred by Mr. Thomas Booth at Warlaby,
and February, 1836, as the month in which Raspberry 4875 was bred at
Warlaby by Mr. Richard Booth; and Mr. Dixon ( Saddle and Sirloin, page
i86) mentions Raspberry as the first Warlaby bull, meaning, presumably,
the first bull bred at Warlaby by Mr. Richard Booth, whose father had
previously bred many Warlaby bulls.
The Strawberry- Halnaby, Farewell, Blossom, Broughton, Dairymaid,

and Christon tribes at Warlaby passed with the estate into Mr. Richard
Booths possession. To these he added the Isabella tribe; and in the year 1839
he sent White Strawberry to Mr. Raines Lord Lieutenant. The offspring
of that alliance was Leonard 4210, calved January 28, 1840. Buckingham
3239, calved April 3, i84o, was afterwards purchased from Mr. John Booth
for 150 gs. On Leonard and Buckingham hang the glories of Warlaby.
5.5. MORE ABOUT WARLABY 105
5.5 More about Warlaby

Without parallel in Shorthorn history are the results of the blended influ-
ences of Leonard 4210 and Buckingham 3239. Both those bulls were from
cows whose sires and dams sires were bred by Mr. Richard Booth, at Stud-
ley; so that Mr. Richard Booth, when he renovated the Warlaby herd which
had been left to him by his father, did so with his own Studley strains
of blood in connection with fresh blood which was obtained through Mr.
Raines Lord Lieutenant 4260, the sire of Leonard, and Colonel Cradocks
Mussulman 4525, the sire of Buckingham. This was a large proportion of
fresh bloodone-half in Leonard and one-half also in Buckingham, or one-
fourth in the immediate offspring of either of those bulls from a Warlaby
cow, for we must consider the blood of Warlaby as virtually identical with
that of Studley and Killerby, although the Studley and Killerby herds had
stood more prominently before the public than the Warlaby herd up to that
period. The main sources of all three were the same, and sires had been
freely interchanged.
Buckinghams descent from Anna and Isabella through the sires of Bracelet
and of her dam, and the strains of blood contributed by his sire, have been
shown already. Leonard was the son of the Warlaby cow White Strawberry,
whose sire, Mr. Thomas Booths Rockingham 2551, was a son of Mr. Richard
Booths Isaac by Young Albion, from Isabella by Pilot.
The use of the sons of Anna and Isabella had produced at Killerby those
grand cows which, next after Anna and Isabella themselves, made the name
of Booth famous in Shorthorn history. The queen of those cows was Bracelet,
and Bracelets son, Buckingham, became, at Warlaby, the sire of cows of the
same extraordinary stamp. Leonards influence was helpful to the perpetu-
ation of the properties transmitted by Buckingham, inasmuch as Leonards
dam had the blood of the fine old Strawberry-Halnaby tribe in concentrated
power from in- breeding, blended with that of Isabella through her sire. Mr.
Richard Booth always insisted upon the necessity of having a bull from a
good dam, for stamping the desired characteristics upon the females of a
herd. Fine-looking bulls from plain, weedy dams, are often very disappoint-
ing as sires of heifers, although their sons, from cows by noble sires, may
not so often inherit the plainness of the paternal granddams; and, on the
other hand, the sons of the best cows (unless by bulls whose influence can
neutralise that of the dams) will usually, even if themselves somewhat plain,
prove sires of heifers much resembling those cows. Buckinghams dam was
a cow of rare excellence, and most of his daughters were cows of extraordi-
nary merit. Leonards dam was a very good cow: his daughters were very
good. The daughters of Leonard, however, were not on the whole charac-
terised by the wonderful grandeur which distinguished generally the female
stock of Buckingham, although Hope, perhaps, might challenge comparison
with almost any of Buckinghams daughters; and Bianca, if she had not year
after year milked the flesh off her bones, could have developed substance as
great and as level upon an equally faultless frame. She proved this whenever
she had a short rest from milking. Some of Buckinghams daughters were
remarkably good dairy cows, and consequently seldom seen to advantage
as flesh-bearers, but they all had the same readiness to put on flesh rapidly,
and, taken all round in comparison with Leonards, were the more massive
and ponderous as fully- developed cows.
Leonards sire, however, as well as his dam, was unquestionably a potent
factor in the raising of Mr. Richard Booths herd at Warlaby, and he must not
be thrust into the background. Mr. William Raine, indeed, used to declare
with his characteristic changes of voice, beginning at a somewhat high
pitch, They talk about Booth blood and Booth blood, and then thundering
out in a deep and startling bass, Booth never had a good bull till he used
Lord Lieutenant.
When Mr. Torr hired Leonard 4210, the son of Lord Lieutenant 4260,
from Mr. Richard Booth, Mr. Bates said Mr. Torr had got a bull with
a head as big as a bushel measure; Mr. Torr himself found no fault with
Leonard, except that his tail was set on rather high. Leonards true char-
acter, estimated from the aggregate of what was said of him by competent
judgespartial, prejudiced, and impartialseems to have been that of a plainish
bull, thoroughly good in most points of detail, and in some important points
of structure surpassingly good.
Lord Lieutenant’s sire was Thorp 2755, or Thorpe, the latter more prob-
ably the correct spelling, but the former the bulls name as printed in his
entry, and therefore adopted here after the precedent of Suworrow for Suwar-
row, and Belvedere for Belvidere, for the sake of accurate reference to the
Herd Book. Thorp was bred by Mr. W. Raine, as Leonard was bred by
Mr. R. Booth, by the use of another breeders bull. His sire was Mr. John
Cattles Charles II. Mr. John Cattle, who lived at Wharram-Percy, Malton,
had bred much from the Chilton blood, and that strain composed nearly
half the blood of Charles II., the rest being principally from Ketton and
Barmpton sires. The dams of both Lord Lieutenant and Thorp were by Mr.
Robert Raines Young Rockingham 2547. Here we have a curious instance of
the North of England, the very heart of the old Teeswater breeding district,
receiving back some of its own blood from the Midlands as a renovating
cross. Mr. Robert Raine happened to have at Elmsthorpe, in Leicester-
shire, some of the blood of Mr. John Wetherells herd in Northamptonshire,
which contributed largely to the composition of Mr. William Raine s herd
at Gainford, near Darlington, and a cow in his possession, a daughter of
Mr. Wetherells Denton (whose sire was Comet) had bred a bull to one of
the most remarkable sires of his day, Mr. Thomas Joblings Rockingham
560, alias Wellington 683, a bull that was let for fifteen years at the yearly
rent of /Jioo. That Rockingham was the sheet-anchor of the Warwickshire
herd of Mr. Bellamy, a man of shrewd and sound judgment, and very orig-
5.5. MORE ABOUT WARLABY 107
inal character, who also had drawn largely from the stock of Mr. John
Wetherell. Rockingham, however, sprang from another strain, that of Mr.
Thomas Jobling, one of the grand old Northumberland breeders, who had
Mr. Robert Coilings blood, some of the very best of which ran in the veins
of Rockinghamthat of the Wildair and Red Rose tribes. Nothing could be
better, and nothing, perhaps, ever was more powerful in the whole history of
Shorthorn breeding. Where- ever Rockingham went, there he left his mark,
and it was one which did not soon wear out, passing on from generation to
generation of his descendants. This extraordinary influence was at the root
of the Stratton group of Shorthorn tribes, having been strongly inherited
by Rockinghams son Rupert, Ruperts daughter Lady Byron, and Lady By-
rons son Phcenix, the fountain-head of the late Mr. Richard Strattons herd.
Not less strong, apparently, was old Rockinghams influence through the de-
scendants of Mr. Robert Raines Young Rockingham 2547, the son of the
Denton cow already mentioned. That influence was gathered together and
concentrated at Gainford by the in-breeding of Young Rockinghams stock,
two of which, as shown above, were the dams respectively of Thorp and his
son Lord Lieutenant, the sire of Leonard.
In order to understand the composition of the Warlaby herd after the
use of Leonard and Buckingham, we must remember the tribes already men-
tioned as having passed with the Warlaby estate into the possession of Mr.
Richard Booth. The Strawberry-Halnaby tribe, latterly known more gener-
ally as the Halnaby tribe, had two branches at that time; the Rally branch,
which produced the Rachels, and, in Mr. S. E. Boldens hands, the mas-
sive Bates-and-Booth bull Grand Turk (exported to America after winning
many prizes in this country, where he left much excellent stock, large and
thick-fleshed, with exceedingly rich coats of hair); and the White Strawberry
branch, which gave to Warlaby, besides that very impressive sire, Leonard,
one of its most splendid lines of dams, comprising, Monica by Raspberry;
Medora by Buckingham; and Red Rose by Harbinger 10,297, the last- nanmd
cow the dam of the four Queens, so famous in Short- h rn annals for their
near approach to the perfect ideal of Shorthorn form, style, substance, and
general character. Two of those most beautiful Shorthorns, Queen of the
May and Queen Mab, were of a good strong roan colour, full over the head
and neck and well distributed over the body and legs, with sufficient white
on the sides to set off the markings of deep, broken roan; and two, Queen of
the Vale and Queen of the Ocean, were red and white. All were daughters
of Crown Prince 10,087, unless, indeed, Queen of the Vale was a daughter
of Windsor-Crown Prince’s son, whose name is bracketed with his sires in
the Herd Book entry of the birth and paternity of Queen of the Vale. Ex-
perts generally, however, had little doubt that she was a daughter of Crown
Prince, and not his granddaughter, by Windsor 14,013. The blood-red Lord
of the Valley 14,837 was own brother to three, if not, as he most probably
was, to all four, of those beautiful Queens.
In those cows we have illustrations of the results of the blended influences

of Leonard and Buckingham, with the influences, behind them, of Anna and
Isabella. Crown Prince was a son of Fitz-Leonard 7010 from Charity by
Buckingham, granddam Hope by Leonard; Fitz-Leonard, a son of Leonard,
from Isabella by Young Matchem, granddam Isabella by Pilot; Harbinger,
a son of Baron Warlaby, from Hope by Leonard. Baron Warlaby, a son of
Buckingham, from Blossom III. by Young Red Rover, granddam Blossom by
Isaac, the son of Isabella by Pilot; and we have already seen that Bucking-
ham, whose name thus recurs in the pedigree of the Queens (direct line and
tributaries all told), traced his descent from Anna and Isabella through the
two nearest sires in his dams pedigree.
Crown Prince himself, if not the very best sire Mr. Richard Booth ever
used, was the sire whose influence, whether by choice or by chance, was
made to predominate in the Warlaby herd during the period of its flood
of show yard honours. In him, Leonard and Buckingham, with the con-
centrated wealth of Killerby, Studley, and Warlaby from their dams, and
rich acquisitions from the Gainford and Hartforth herds through their sires,
were brought together, and whether Leonard or Buckingham prevailed in
the dams of Crown Princes offspring, the alliance proved suitable, and the
result in nearly every instance signally excellent.
The Bagatelle branch of the Halnaby tribe, forked off from Strawberry
2nd, the dam of White Strawberry, after the Warlaby herd had passed into
the hands of Mr. Richard Booth. This branch, marched with the White
Strawberry branch in Bianca, by Leonard, had famous representatives in
Bridesmaid by Harbinger, and Bride Elect by Vanguard, and produced also
those excellent bulls, British Prince and Prince of Warlaby, both by Crown
Prince.
The blood of Buckingham was worked into the herd through his daugh-
ters, and through his sons, Vanguard, for example, Ofa the Isabella tribe;
Hopewell, who also had Leonards blood through his dam, and Baron War-
laby, of the Blossom tribe; also through his grandson, Harbinger, a son of
Baron Warlaby, from Hopewells dam, Hope by Leonard, whose daughter
Charity was the dam of Crown Prince.
The in-breeding appeared to be plentifully relieved by the recently in-
troduced Raine and Cradock blood; but Mr. Richard Booth ventured upon
a further experimenta bold onesome persons have maintained that it was a
successful experiment. As this is a matter on which opinions have differed,
opinion only is asserted here; and that opinion is that the experiment in
questionthe breeding of a son of Crown Prince from the dam of Crown
Prince, and the use of that son in a herd full of the blood of Crown Prince,
Leonard, and Buckingham, was a mistake; and that the Warlaby herd would
have been rather the gainer than the loser if Sir Samuel 15,302 had never
had a place in it.
The in-breeding, of course, may have been qualified by subsequent infu-
5.6. THE BOOTH HERDS DOWN TO 1864 109
sions of absolutely or virtually fresh blood, but it can scarcely be denied that
Sir Samuels immediate offspring showed (with, perhaps, one exceptionLord
of the Hills, a really noble bull, from Red Rose by Harbinger) a decline from
the height of excellence reached by the stock of Crown Prince.
While the Halnaby tree was bearing choicest fruit on every branch, other
trees of the same orchard were, under the same influences that brought out
its capabilities, producing fruit of like excellence. The Flora or Farewell
tribe had the unsurpassed credit of producing Crown Prince himself, and
it is questionable whether any other tribe could beat the average merit, in
three unbroken links of descent of Faith, Hope, and Charity.
The Broughton tribe had not come out into the world quite as much
as some of the others, but it comprised some remarkably grand cows, kept
rather in the shade, as breeders, instead of going out to the shows. There
was Bliss by Leonard, and there was one of the very best-framed cows in
all the Warlaby herd, Blithe by Hopewell; Bridget by Baron Warlaby was
sold to Mr. S. E. Bolden, of Lancaster, a son of Mr. Booths old friend, Mr.
Bolden, of Hyning, and proving in-calf to Crown Prince gave birth to a cow
not often surpassed at WarlabyBridecake. Then there were Bonnet, sold
to go into Ireland, and her illustrious descendants, Wide Awake, Windsors
Queen, Windsor Fitz-Windsor, and the host of Carperby prize-winners with
veins full of his blood Truly, in its influence in other herds, not less than in
the splendour of its own records, the Warlaby herd holds security for lasting
fame.
5.6 The Booth herds down to 1864

Another tribe acquired by Mr. Richard Booth with the Warlaby estate was
that of Moss Rose, formerly called the Dairymaid tribe. Moss Rose by Priam
(uniting the Halnaby and Isabella tribes), was one of the cows left by Mr.
Thomas Booth, who bred from her, according to the Herd Book, in the year
1836, a bull-calf by Young Matchem. This date supports the Herd Book
records of White Strawberry, Rachel, and Farewell, all calved in 1836, as
bred by Mr. Thomas Booth, and is either one of a series of errors in the
Herd Book or an addition to the evidence that Mr. Thomas did not die and
Mr. Richard Booth come into possession of the Warlaby estate and herd by
inheritance in the year 1835, as stated in Mr. Carrs generally very accurate
History. To Young Matchem 4422 (Mr. Thomas Booths Young Matchem,
the son of Matchem and Young Carnation, not Mr. John Booths bull of
the same name, by the same sire, from Blush) Moss Rose bore Young Moss
Rose, the first of the line bred by Mr. Richard Booth. Then Leonard and
Buckingham, consecutively, were added by him, and their offspring were
Minette and her daughter Vivandiere.
Strangers who went to Warlaby, after seeing Warlaby winners at the
shows, sometimes betrayed their extravagant and absurd expectations in

their exclamations of surprise on finding the sires and dams of those winners
in ordinary breeding condition, some of the dams a good deal impoverished
by deep milking. They had thought they should pass from mountain to
mountain of solid beef. The cows, taking Bianca and Vivandiere as speci-
mens, showed, in their lean condition, how thoroughly the Booths had gone
to the root of the matter in their breeding, getting the frame right first, and
then packing on the thick flesh. The bone structure of these cows in thin
condition was quite a study, excellent throughout and being very remark-
able for the expansion of the ribs encircling the heart. Vivandiere was the
dam of several noted animals, including Prince Arthur and Prince Alfred
(the latter a bull of exceedingly grand masculine character), and of Camp-
follower and Soldiers Nurse, their full sisters, by Crown Prince 10,087. She
was herself own sister to Royal Buck, one of the handsomest of the Warlaby
bulls of his day, used by Mr. John Booth, the elder Mr. Bolden (of Hyning,
near Carnforth), and in Ireland. Royal Buck, in his younger days, had not
the reputation of being as good a sire as he was an animal, but his stock,
only middling in appearance when young, swelled out wonderfully as they
advanced in age, and his plainish heifers ripened into grand old cows.
Vivandiere and Bianca have been mentioned as companions. They were,
in fact, often together, and curiously enough, whilst Bianca was a speci-
men of the result of Leonards influence immediately upon that of Buck-
ingham, Vivandiere represented Buckinghams immediately upon Leonards
influence. The offspring of Vivandiere, which were generally allowed to be
her best, were all by Crown Prince, yet there was one by Croxvn Princes
sire, Fitz-Leonard, the heifer Vivacity, sold to Mr. S. Bolden, quite fit to
stand beside either Bridecake, in the same herd, or any one of Mr. Richard
Booths best at Warlaby. She died after giving birth to her first calf, the bull
May Duke. Bianca bred her famous bulls to Crown Prince, but her best
heifers to Harbinger and Vanguard. Bridesmaid, of a lovely roan colour,
was by Harbinger. She was the Carlisle Royal first-prize cow in 1855, when
Windsor was the first-prize bull, and she was probably, taken throughout,
second to none. Stylish, with a beautifully modelled head, neck, breast, and
shoulders, as beautiful as true symmetry, with ample, but not gross sub-
stance, could make them, and whilst the crops were wide across, the ribs
big and round, the loin strong, wide, and thick in the grasp, the hips thickly
cushioned, yet not out grown, the hind quarters long and full, the sides deep
for so well rounded a middle, and the under points, particularly the flank and
fore-flank, full in fair proportion to the massive top, yet the tout ensemble
gave the idea of neatness, elegance, and refinement, rather than of the vast
bulk which was really all there, within those lines of beauty. It was difficult
to say where she failed, or where she excelled. Her white half-sister, Bride
Elect by Vanguard, was of a different stamp, more strikingly ponderous.
She had quite a Vanguard head, although her flat, short, out-standing, pale
5.6. THE BOOTH HERDS DOWN TO 1864 111
yellow horns were very unlike the large, strong, wide-curving pair, sweeping
inward and partly down, which gave her sires head its formidable appear-
ance as he approached. Vanguard was of a full, reddish-roan colour. Bride
Elects head, like her sires, was full at the forehead with a high profile ridge,
short of making a Roman nose. The throat, after a little fold of skin con-
taining some fat hanging between the jaws, was cleanly turned but short,
an almost perpendicular line dropping from it to the front of an enormous
breast, so far forward from the fore-legs, and of such immense width and
rounded fulness up to the insides of the arms, that it really looked as if its
weight must be too much for the cow to carry about. The shoulder, also of
great width where the blades disappeared into the crops, was in front neatly
smoothed off into the neck, which had, hoxvever, very heavy packing up
to the ear. The width through the heart, again, was marvellous, so was
the width of back, and so was the fulness of fore-flank, and the width of
the floor of the chest. Backward from a neat although uncommonly deep-
fleshed middle, the embonpoint development was fully maintained, yet it
did not detract from the impression made by the exceptionally great scale
and substance of the breast and forequarters.
Such as the sister Queens, previously noticed, and the half-sisters, Bride
Elect and Bridesmaid, were the show cows of Warlaby when Mr. Richard
Booth was in the height of his glory as an exhibitor. Some judges thought
Charity, the dam of Crown Prince, the best cow he ever bred at Warlaby;
and a beautiful, rich red, mellow-handling cow she was, with the brighest
outlook imaginable. Bride Elect was wider by some inches, fairly measured
as the two stood side by side. Charity, at that time, was advancing in
years, but had not shrunk much indeed she was almost as level and as
fresh as a heifer, and Bride Elect was in her prime of maturity. Some
judges thought Plum Blossom, some Nectarine Blossom, the real queen of
Warlaby cows; and some thought the last great female representative of the
Warlaby herd in the showy rard, Lady Fragrant, the crowning wonder of
the herd. The difficulty of deciding this question, already beyond all but
infallible judgment, might have seemed a still more formidable task if the
ruling powers at Warlaby had not wisely decided to discontinue the sacrifice
of breeding stock of incalculable value, and to rest on the show-yard honours
already won. So long as the offspring of Warlaby sires in other herds could
hold up their heads adorned with triumphal colours as they left the ring,
surely there was no need to train away the fecundity of the Warlaby tribes.
The visitor at Warlaby in the days of Mr. Richard Booths greatest success
as an exhibitor must have noticed that great breeders peculiar fondness for
the old deep-milking dams of the herd, and his quiet smile at the people
who stared with wonder at the fat daughters of those dams, and mistook
the dams, with all their notable points of structure, for ordinary dairy cows.
To take up the historical thread, one must return to the year 1852, when
(eighteen years after Mr. R. Booths sale at Studley) the herd of his brother,
Mr. (John) Booth, was sold by auction at Killerby, by Mr. Wetherell. It

numbered thirty-four cows and heifers and ten bulls, the former of which
averaged a little over 48 each, whilst the bulls averaged a little over /’ o.
This was, on the general average, an advance of about 14 over the average at
Studley, and it was not a poor result when we bear in mind the fact that for
some years previously the Warlaby herd had gone ahead of that at Killerby,
where the horse had the greater share of the owners attention. The highest
priced cow was Venus Victrix, 175 gs., bought by Mr. Chaloner for Mr.
Richard Booth, as a present to his brother. The highest priced bull was Red
Knight 11,976, bought by Mr. Hay, of Shethin, for i io gs. Venus Victrix
afterwards bred two bulls and two heifers at Killerby, but by accident and
feeding for show her posterity in the female line direct soon came to an end,
her sons (King Arthur and King Alfred, both by Crown Prince) being left
to transmit her influence to further generations of Shorthorns.
After the dispersion of the Killerby herd, Mr. John Booth lived only
about five years, leaving to his sons, in 1857, the few Shorthorns he pos-
sessed, including the family of Victrix and the foundation of the since famous
Hecuba tribe.
It is scarcely necessary here to go into the question of the crosses of
fresh blood, other than those deliberately approved, and eventually adopted
by Mr. Richard Booth. Putting the experiments at Studley aside, we have,
between Killerby and Warlaby, the crossess of Exquisite and Lord Stanley,
neither of which seems to have left any indelible strain if he did not do any
great immediate service, and we have the Water King cross at WarlabyBaron
Warlaby upon the W., tribe in Mr. Torrs handsof which the same may be
said. Making light account of thesefor better or for worseMr. Richard Booth
worked on with the Young Matchem, Leonard, and Buckingham half-crosses.
in union with the old Killerby and Studley strains, and the stock left him
at Warlaby by his father until his death in the autumn of the year 1864, at
the age of seventy-six years.
On the death of Mr. Richard Booth, the Warlaby herd was taken at a
valuation by his nephew (one of his heirs), Mr. T. C. Booth, whose brother,
Mr. J. B. Booth, continued Shorthorn breeding at Killerby from the nucleus
left by their father in i857, with the use of Warlaby bulls.
5.7 Later years of Warlaby and Killerby

Much of the exclusiveness which had characterised the views of Booth-men
during the last few years of Mr. Richard Booths life passed away with
the distinguished leader whose precept and example had fostered it. Mr.
Richard Booth was unquestionably sincere in his contention that the War-
laby herd of his later life possessed ample power of self-maintenance up to
the standard of merit to which he had raised it. His whole character was
5.7. LATER YEARS OF WARLABY AND KILLERBY 113
one of transparent sincerity, truly without guile; and he was not without
substantial reasons for his continued confidence in the blood which had pro-
duced Hope and Charity, the Bridal group, the family of Vivandiere, the
Blossoms and the Queens. These were the living illustrations of its power.
Where could he find blood to do the same, where blood which he could intro-
duce without fear of neutra- using the extraordinary good already gained?
His oracular teaching, enforced by such examples as the Warlaby pastures
afforded, was eagerly received by a band of devotees, whose views naturally
grew into conformity with those of their chief, until an almost superstitious
notion of Booth blood, as of a distinct creation, took possession of their
minds. This was playfully ridiculed on sundry occasions by not less cordial
admirers of the Warlaby Shorthorns.
Mr. Thomas Christopher Booth, to whose exemplary life Mr. Chandos-
Pole-Gell paid a graceful tribute in the pages of the Journal of the Royal
Agricultural Society of England, took with him to Warlaby, together with
experience gained among the best Shorthorns of the period from his early
boyhood to ripe manhood, and a naturally strong and quick judgment, the
broader views of his father, Mr. John Booth broader, that is to say, in
comparison with those latterly cherished by his uncle, Mr. Richard Booth.
But Mr. Richard Booth had been, once, a daring and a dashing ren-
ovator. His boldness in the way of experiment was abundantly proved at
Studley; whilst at Warlaby, three or four years after he there took posses-
sion of his fathers herd, already deluged with the Chilton element through
Matchem, he opened two new flood-gates, simultaneously, letting in through
one the contents of the Gainford reservoir, and through the other a powerful
current from Hartforth.
All this dilution, or renovation, whilst told in the generally uninviting
records of the Herd Book, which few, comparatively, had patience to explore,
was but dimly seen, if seen at all, by the enthusiasts, to whom Warlaby blood
was a term equivalent to no connection with any other house in the trade.
Yet the composition of the Warlaby herd, down to the close of Mr.
Richard Booths life, was to a great extent absolutely new. The alien el-
ements had scarcely had time to blend, when fresh blood wanted was the
cry from outside, and no dilution, no pollution that from the inner circle.
Sixty-seven years have now passed since the birth of Leonard and that
of Buckingham, in 1840. At the date of Mr. Richard Booths death in the
latter part of the year 1864, twenty-five years had passed since the use of
Lord Lieutenant and Mussulman, and a trifle over twenty-four years since
their sons, Leonard and Buckingham, were calved, respectively at Warlaby
and Killerby; Buckingham, as already stated, afterwards passing from
Killerby to Warlaby by purchase; yet the distance in blood from Leonard
and Buckingham the sons of aliens to the last Shorthorns possessed by Mr.
Richard Booth, was not nearly so great as the distance in time would suggest.
One cow by Buckingham, Modesty, twin-sister to the dam of Red Rose, and
within a few days of the completion of her seventeenth year, was alive when
Mr. R. Booth died, and many of the sons and daughters of Buckinghams and
Leonards immediate offspring were at Warlabysome of them young animalsat
that time.
When Mr. T. C. Booth took up the Warlaby herd What will he do with
it ? was the anxious and momentous question. His strong partiality to the
characteristic Warlaby type and his generous liberality of opinion were alike
known to those acquainted with him, either personally or by common report
in Shorthorn circles, vhich, in this case, so far as it went, was true report,
although his strength of character and power to coolly overcome difficulties
were under-estimated. Frankly endorsing as much of his late uncles opinion
as he found supported by factand that was not a small proportion of ithe
decided to go on with the materials left by Mr. R. Booth so long as he could
make them work profitably, and not to introduce a cross until he could see
the necessity for one.
In the following year, 1865, Mr. T. C. Booth brought out, at the Royal
Show at Plymouth, the Yorkshire show at Don- caster, and other county
shows, a few prepared specimens of the herd, mostly winners in his uncles
hands in 1864. At the Royal Show, Lady Fragrant, of the Broughton tribe,
was first in the two-year-old class, and Commander-in-Chief 21451, a grand-
son of Vivandiere, of the Moss Rose tribe, second in the yearling bull class.
At the Yorkshire Show, Lady Frag- rant took the championship, and again
at the Durham County Show, where Prince Alfred was the first prize aged
bull, Commander-in-Chief the first prize yearling, and Prince Christian the
first prize bull-calf; whilst at the Northumber- land and Northamptonshire
shows Lady Fragrant remained invincible.
Then came the two years of cattle-plague; when the Warlaby herd, with
the plague raging close at hand, was saved by the personal vigilance, fore-
thought, and promptness of Mr. Booth himself. When it was all over and
the cattle classes were open again, he proved by his distinguished success as
an exhibitor at the Royal Shows at Leicester and Man- chester and other
leading exhibitions of the years i868 and 1869, how surely the Warlaby
forces when brought into action could win the field. Lady Fragrant was the
cow of her day, winning all over the country, first at the Royal whenever
she appeared, as heifer or cow, and on several important occasions taking
the championship in competition with the best that the United Kingdom
could bring against her. She won altogether twenty-three prizes, seven of
which were champion or challenge cups (the 100-guineas cup at the Durham
County show having been won twice), and the remaining sixteen all first
prizes at the shows of the Royal Agricultural Society, the county shows
of York, Durham, Northumberland, and Lincoln, and the district shows of
Craven, Cleveland, and Scarborough. Com- mander-in-Chief 21,451 won at
several of the same shows, but at Manchester, although entered for competi-
tion, did not appear, as he had been reduced in condition for stock purposes,
and although in the opinion of competent judges a nobler-looking bull in or-

dinary conditions than when made up for show, he was not considered fat
enough to enter the Royal ring. Mr. Booth, however, exhibited him at the
close of the same season at the Northumberland County Show at Hexham,
where he took first honours, Lady Fragrant winning the prize as the best
cow. Besides these two leading winners of 1865 8-9 (18667 being blank years
during the presence of the great cattle-plague) Mr. Booth exhibited, with
great success, old Prince Alfred, Prince Christian, Master Hopewell, High
Sheriff, and the heifers Patricia, Queen of the May 2nd, and Lady Gai-
ety. He then decided to concentrate his attention upon the perpetuation
of the merits of his magnificent herd, and to withdraw from competition in
the showyard, being quite convinced that he could not continue to exhibit
upon a scale worthy of the Warlaby antecedents, without the sacrifice of
much of his best breeding material. His decision had the general approval of
thoughtful men experimentally acquainted with the breeding and exhibition
of Shorthorns.
Mr. Booth, towards the close of his showyard career, and shortly after,
sold a few animals, male and female, for exportation, and a pair of calves
of the Christon tribeMassin, by Ravenspur 20628, and County Member,
by Knight of the Shire 26552to Mr. B. St. John Ackers, who founded in
Gloucestershire a fine Booth-blood herd, became one of the most successful
breeders and exhibitors of Shorthorns, and had the honour, not only of
winning Royal first and champion prizes, but also of returning some of the
Warlaby blood to Warlaby itself. Exceedingly high prices, some of which
were published at the time, xvere obtained for the animals sold by Mr.
Booth.
The Warlaby herd, although it had escaped destruction by the rinder-
pest, was greatly injured by the ravages of foot-and- mouth disease, one
of the most effectual destroyers of fecundity, and it would have required
some years to replenish its numbers in the ordinary course of reproduction;
but at the dispersion of Mr. William Torrs magnificent herd at Aylesby in
1875 (the year after his much-lamented death), Mr. Booth added to the
Warlaby tribes twelve of the choicest representatives of the old Studley
tribe of Anna, which had been out of the hands of his family since Mr.
Richard Booth sold his herd at Studley in 1834, and had received crosses of
fresh blood, whilst the type of the Studley Shorthorns was perpetuated by
Mr. Torrs use of the very best of the Warlaby sires, and of bulls bred by
himself from the old Killerby stock by those Warlaby sires. The addition
was a costly one, but it restored to headquarters one of the grandest of the
Shorthorn tribes associated xvith the name of Booth, and it helped the mul-
tiplication of the herd, not only by the numerical addition to its breeding
strength, but also by a timely influx of differentiated blood. Although Mr.
Booth, when he had got his purchases home, and had critically compared
those bred at Warlaby with the new-comers, declared that, whilst he was
by no means out of conceit with the latter, his deliberate judgment gave
the preference to the former, particularly on one general characteristicthat
of refinement; subsequent events, however, left no room to doubt that the
Warlaby-bred bulls, by Warlaby sires, from dams of the Anna tribe, greatly
contributed to the maintenance of the herd at Warlaby as a breeding herd
of the highest class.
Following Commander-in-Chief 21,451, one of the principal sires used
was Royal Benedict 27,348, by Prince Christian 22581, dam Royal Brides-
maid by Prince Alfred 13494.
As Mr. Torrs name will appear again with a further notice of his work as
one of the greatest of Shorthorn breeders, sufficient for the present purpose
in introducing a list of Mr. T.C. Booths purchases at the Aylesby sale,
September 2nd, 187 ,is the statement that whilst the general average of the
sale was / io 19s. for eighty-four animals, making a total of /42,919 i6s.,
the Anna tribe, twenty-two in number, averaged /836 i8s. From these the
selections for Warlaby are shown in table 5.1
Gs.
Bright Countess 405
Bright Spangle 1055
Bright Baroness 1000
Bright Empress 2160
Bright Marchioness 1185
Bright Saxon 1505
Bright Jewel 775
Bright Swede 600
Bright Design 850
Subtotal 9535gs. = £10,011 15s 0d
Riby Peeress 600
Riby Lassie 635
Riby Pearl 775
Subtotal 2010gs. = £2,110 10s 0d
Total £12,122 5s 0d
Table 5.1: Mr. T.C. Booth’s purchases at the Aylesby sale, 1875
Averages :Nine of the Bright branch, /1112 8s. 4d.; three of the Riby
branch, /703 lOS. ; twelve of the Anna tribe, /ioio 35. 9d. each.
In the pedigrees of these twelve cows and heifers of the Anna tribe ap-
pear, subsequently to the sires introduced between Mr. Richard Booths
cow Rose, sold at the Studley sale in 1834, and Mr. Torrs separate pur-
chases of her direct descendants, Blanche 2nd and Rennet, the Warlaby
sires Crown Prince 10087, Vanguard 10994, British Prince 14197, Prince of
Warlaby 15107, Fitz-Clarence 145 52, and Knight of the Shire 26552; the
Aylesby-bred bulls Breast Plate 19337, of the same Killerby tribe which
produced Mr. John Booths Necklace and Bracelet, Booth Royal 15673 of
the same tribe, Blinkhoolie 23448 of the Bright-Anna tribe, and (in one
instance) Lord Cain 31630 of the Sylph tribe, crossed with bulls of Booth
blood; and Mr. Barnes Lord Napier 26688 and Royal Prince 27384, both of
Mr. John Booths Mantalini tribe.
While Mr. T. C. Booth was thus reconstructing, in a considerable
measure, the herd at Warlaby, his brother, Mr. J. B. Booth, was continuing,
at Killerby, the constructjon of the herd which, before Mr. T. C. Booth went
to Warlaby, the two brothers had together established upon the foundation
laid by their father, Mr. John Booth, after the sale of the first Killerby herd,
and with the aid of their uncle, Mr. Richard Booth, whose bulls at Warlaby
they freely used. The use of Warlaby bulls was continued by Mr. J. B.
Booth, with the occasional use of his own bulls by Warlaby sires, until the
Warlaby blood became so potential in the herd that Mr. J. B. Booth con-
sidered his oxvn bulls second to none in power to impress the characteristics
of the Shorthorns of Warlaby. How far he vas right in this estimate it is
not necessary here to inquire, but for many years before his death, and to
the last, he was able to show annually a long list of important prizes gained
by the offspring of bulls bred by himself. Like his brother, he did not care
to exhibit. The Killerby cows and stock sires were seen alxvays in ordinary
if not in poor condition, kept so because he thought that condition more
conducive to fecundity and vigour than the high condition which develops
flat-catchers. He was quite satisfied with breeding prolific prize-winners,
without seeing the silver cups on his own sideboard. Both brothers had
early mandates to depart. Mr. T. C. Booth died, after a brief illness, in the
month of September, 1878; Mr. J. B. Booth in i886.
For several years aster the date o Mr. T. C. Booths death the Warlaby
herd remained in the hands of his executors. For some time the prevailing
impression outside the executors council-chamber was that entire or almost
entire reliance would be placed upon the differentiation of blood through
the Aylesby Annas; but no doubt for sufficiently good reasons some outside
specimens xvere imported. A cross of a Scotch Shorthorn sire, named My
Favourite 53335, and bred by Mr. XV.Duthie, of Collynie, was very spar-
ingly introduced. Two sires were extensively used in the herd, as indicated
by the numbers of calves got by them respectively in i888 and 1889. One
was Royal Fame 52035, bred by Mr. Hugh Aylmer, which belonged to the
Castanet branch of the Fame or Fare- well tribe (that which produced Faith,
Hope, Charity, and Crown Prince). Hopeful 54447, the other sire, bred by
the Duke of Northumberland, has a great deal of Booth blood in the nearer
generations, with much beneath the surface which is of miscellaneous char-
acter.
Since the death of Mr. Wm. C. Booth in 1898 the herd has been in
the possession of Mr. Richard Booth, son of Mr. T. C.Booth. It comprises

specimens of the Christon, Anna, Bliss, and Farewell tribes. The sires quite
recently used included Viking 93,743 and Eastern Baron 91,594.
In notices of other herds the widespread influence of the Booth strains
will be indicated, and here it should be mentioned that for many years
sires from Warlaby were continuously used in many of the leading herds in
Ireland.
The entire herd bred by the late Mr. John B. Booth was sold by Mr.
Thornton at Killerby on October 6th, 1886, when in a time of depressed
prices fifty-seven head averaged 97 6s. 4d.forty-four Hecubas averaged 107
I 25., and seven Georgies 63 I 55. Mr. T. H. Hutchinson bought the cow
Princess Royal for 346 OS. The Duke of Marlborough gave 262 ios. for
Welcome Princess, and Mr. T. H. Hutchin- son 215 55. for Queen of Scotia,
afterwards sold to Mr. C. T.Getting for South America.
The sale of a large portion of the Warlaby herd was held by Mr. Thorn-
ton, by order of the trustees of the late Mr. Thomas C.Booth, on June 22nd,
1895, when forty-eight head averaged i 35 6s. 9d., ten Ribys averaged i9 7s.
4d., twelve Bright Spangles 105 8s. iod., eleven Bright Marchionesses i66
ISs. 2d., and six Christons i88 2s. 6d. The highest prices were-378 ios. for
Lady Magdalen Riby (M. de Clercq), 372 s. for Sir Gilbert Studley 66347
(Mr. W. Talbot- Crosbie), 236 55. for Lady Clementina Studley (Mr. W.
Graham), 215 5S. for Lady Sylvia Studley (Mr. W. H. Harris), 267 i 5s. for
Lady Joan Christon (Col. J. T. North), 241 ios. for Lady Stella Riby (Lord
Arbuthnott), 262 LOS. for Lady Agnes Christon (Col. North), 241 ios. for
Lady Constance Christon (Col. North), 241 ios. for Lady Selina Studley
(Mr. H. Williams), 215 5S. for Sir Lawrence Riby (Sir Walter Gilbey, who
afterwards sold the bull to Col. North), and 220 los. for Lady Sybil Studley
(Mr. E. Potter).
In connection with the sale in 1895 Mr. Thornton remarked in the cata-
logue: The characteristics of the old Booth Shorthorn have been preserved
by the present generation. Great wealth of flesh, true form and quality,
and a broad deep frame of moderate size, on short legs, orginated by Mr.
Richard Booth, distinguish the stock at the present day. This type, the
result of careful and judicious breeding extending over a great number of
years, has rendered the male animals exceedingly impressive. The improve-
ment in other herds where the bulls had been used was so apparent tj at the
public became anxious to hire them, and for a long period about twenty were
annually let for service among breeders in all parts of the country. In Ire-
land they have been continuously hired from Killerby and Warlaby since the
end of the eighteenth century, and it may with justice be admitted that the
marvellous improvement in Irish store cattle is due to the potency of that
good blood introduced by Irish breeders, whose patriotic enterprise has
been the means of producing cattle that are now eagerly sought throughout
the United Kingdom. Breeders in the Colonies, particularly in Australasia,
as xvell as the Conti- nents of America, have also been purchasers, and the
great increase in the number of herds in which this strain prevails affords
abundant evidence of the general adaptability and fertility of Shorthorns
wherever introduced.
Replying to the question Who are Booth breeders? a well-known au-
thority wrote as follows in 1887: The largest herd of Booth descended cattle
outside Warlaby was that of Mr. Hugh Aylmer, of West Dereham, who,
following in the footsteps of Mr. Richard Booth, and using Warlaby bulls,
had developed from five or six animals purchased a herd of not much under
100 head of the genuine Warlaby type and of Warlaby blood. He had for
years ceased to exhibit his cattle, that department of the Booth supporters
being mainly in the hands of Mr. T. II. Hutchinson, Manor House, Catter-
ick, whose success, especially with cows and heifers, had been little short of
Mr. R. Booths own. By then recent purchases the Catterick herd included
specimens of the best known Warlaby and Killerby tribes, in addition to
those which (virtually of Booth blood) had so long been associated with
Mr. Hutchinsons name. The herd of Mr. F. J. S. Foljambe, at Osberton,
and that of the Duke of Northumberland, at Alnwick Castle, had by con-
stant use of Warlaby bulls been practically transmuted into Booth herds,
although most of the cattle had a different origin. The small but very choice
herd of the Rev. T. Stani- forth (at Storrs, Windermere) was, in some re-
spects, pure Booth, and in all respects of Booth character, as was that of
Mr. E. Heinemann, Willingdon, Sussex, and that of Mr. E. Meade Waldo,
Barmoor, Northumberland. No very different report was that of the herd of
Mr. T. Pears, Hackthorne, Lincoln, or that of Mr. W. Trethewy, Tregoose,
Probus; that of Mr. Trethewy all tracing to one cow (Ruth). Mr. R. Pinder,
Whitwell, Oakham, had bred very successfully from the two Booth tribes of
Mantalini and Farewell; and Mr. James How, although a sale had brought
the herd to a low ebb, had always some well-selected and well-bred Booth
Shorthorns. This was also the case with Mr. J. H. Brackenridge, Chew
Magna, Somerset; and Mr. W. Handley, Milnthorpe, Westmorland, xvho
was by far the most successful exhibitor of bulls for several seasons. His
cattle, although to some extent distinct, had more affinities to Booth than
to any other blood. In Scotland, Lord Polwarth, Mertoun; Sir W. Scott,
Ancrum; Messrs. A. and A. Mitchell, Alloa; Messrs. J. W. and E. Cruick-
shank, Lethenty, carried on the sacred fire. Ireland was one huge colony of
Booth descended cattle, The principal herds, by reason of long cultivation,
were those of Mr. R. Welsted, Mr. Talbot Crosbie, Mr. Humphry Smith,
and Mr. R. Gumble- ton. Mrs. Pery has also a small herd of select Booth
cattle. But almost every Irish Shorthorn breeder was more or less of a Booth
breeder. Prior to that date Mr. William Torr, Aylesby; Mr. B. St. John
Ackers, Prinknash Park; Mr. Jonathan Peel, Knowlmere; Mr. Pawlett,
Beeston; Mr. Raymond Bruere, Braithwaite; Mr. Barnes, Mr. Chaloner,
Mr. Holmes, Mr. Grove, in Ireland, and many others were breeders of the
Booth strains, and their work is noticed elsewhere. Mr. William Carr, of
Stackhouse, who has been referred to as the brilliant historian of the Booth
herds at Killerby, Warlaby, and Studley, should also be mentioned as a very
successful breeder of the Booth strains of blood. He hired the noted sire
Windsor 14,013 from Warlaby. A son of this impressive bull at Stackhouse
was Imperial Windsor i 8,o86, of the Mantalini tribe. The celebrated sire
Windsor FitzWindsor 25,458 was by him, and in the herd of Mr. T. Willis,
Carperby, left excellent stock, among his sons being Royal Windsor 29,890,
a most successful show bull and sire. Mr. Carr’s herd contained several
members of the Bliss tribe, some of which he sold for 500 gs.
Chapter 6
The Bates herds
6.1 Mr. Thomas Bates

The character of Mr. Bates has been presented to the world in what are
termed very different lights. Possibly the lights have less to do with the
differences than the features of the character itself. We may have occasion
to notice some apparent contradictions, perhaps some really antagonistic
peculiarities of mind and heart; but no estimate founded upon his eccentri-
cities and oddities could give anything like an accurate or a just notion of
the man. This, indeed, may be confidently asserted, that Mr. Bates was
most beloved by those who knew most of his inner life.
At his grave there is a monument, erected largely through the efforts
of Mr. Win. Housman. It bears the following simple inscription : This
memorial of Thomas Bates, of Kirklevington, one of the most distinguished
breeders of Short- horn cattle, is raised by a few friends who appreciate
his labours for the improvement of British stock and respect his character.
Born, 21st June, 1776; died, 26th July, 1849. The exact date of his death
was 25th July, 1849.
A memoir published in the Farmers Magazine for January, i8 o, the
testimony of which was supported by many then living, who had been Mr.
Bates intimate personal friends, contained the following passage : It was
Mr. Bates character as a Christian which gained him the large amount of
respect he so generally secured; and an undeviating course of moral conduct,
absolutely untainted and unimpeachable, gave him a standing which, though
it might for the moment excite the ridicule of the thoughtless, generally
created a real respect in their minds. At a period when a profession of
religion was by no means so fashionable as it is at present, he would dare
ridicule and scorn; and, indeed, by his energetic support of the Bible Society,
and his exertions to circulate the sacred volume, obtained the nickname of
Bible Bates. At a time, too, when it must have been very inconvenient
in a pecuniary sense, he gave the land upon which to build a parsonage-
121
122 CHAPTER 6. THE BATES HERDS
house to endow a living in which he had no interest. The same memoir

further describes him thus: Robust in body, active in mind, temperate in
his habitsnay, we may say abstemious, for he tasted no intoxicating liquors
for some years before his death, and living almost in the open air, he knew
little of disease, and seldom, if ever, consulted a surgeon. Nevertheless,
xvhen his health at length broke down, in June, 1849, just as he completed
his seventy-third year, he was, although not without difficulty, persuaded to
take medical advice. He took it, but when he did, he refused the greatest
part of the medicines.
Mr. Bates fondness for his Shorthorns was extraordinary. In the child-
like simplicity of his nature he loved them, and used to talk to them as
if they understood his words, mean- while patting them, and when they
responded by licking his hands, he would sometimes even kiss them on the
face. How he could ever send one of them to the butcher is one of the many
questions arising out of the curious contradictions of his character, for he
was mercilessly exacting in the matter of regular breeding, condemning to
the knife his choicest Duchess or Oxford, Cambridge Rose, Foggathorpe,
Wild Eyes, or Waterloo. if she failed to breed within what he deemed a
reasonable time, either as a heifer, or since she had last produced a calf. In
that way many animals which no money could tempt him to sell for breeding
purposes were sacrificed after very short grace. Several also fell victims to
accident accident unaccountably strange in a herd of the value of that of Mr.
Bates, under his own skilled and watchful superintendence. Still, with his
favourites to the last, he reclined in the cow-house frequently, until obliged
to retire to his room finally only a few hours before his death.
The six tribes already mentionedthose of Duchess, Oxford, Waterloo,
Cambridge Rose, Wild Eyes, and Fogga- thorpewere the tribes which com-
posed the Kirklevington herd at the time of Mr. Bates death. The intention
here is to take them separately for examination. We had previously seen Mr.
Bates as the buyer, privately, of Mr. Charles Collings Duchess by Daisy Bull
i86, and publicly, at the Ketton sale in 1810 (but under another name for fear
of shoe-horning), the purchaser of that cows granddaughter, Young Duchess
afterwards called Duchess 1st by Comet 155. We have also seen him as
a participator in the work of preparing and checking pedigrees for entry in
Coatess Shorthorn Herd Book, although at one time he was an opponent
rather than a helper, after that work had passed into Mr. Straffords hands.
The earlier cattle of Mr. Bates were much like those of Ketton and
Barmpton, of Chilton, of Killerby, and of every other place where good
Shorthorns were bred. It was by his oxvn acts of selection, extending over
many years, that Mr. Bates stamped upon the cattle of Kirklevington those
distinctive peculiarities of majesty in the bull, gaiety of style in the cow,
flexibility of skin with an oily mellowness beneath it, and abundance of soft,
mossy hair. These properties, evolved and fixed as the fruits of his own
particular judgment and taste, had their blood-origin mostly in Belvedere
6.2. THE HOUSE OF KIRKLEVINGTON 123
1706, whose characteristics became intensified by inter-breeding his selected

progeny. When this was accomplished, the mark of Mr. Bates could be
recognised afar off by every practised eye. The Earl, Second Hubback, and
contemporary bulls were comparatively slugs; Belvedere and all his heirs-
male as active as thoroughbred colts. The very calves seemed to have in-
herited a double dose of playfulness; the heifers came out, heads up, with a
smart, half-wild outlook, the older cows with matchless stateliness, the bull
like a thunderbolt. Mr. Bates also, as has been seen, paid special attention
to the milking properties of his cattle, and conducted many experiments
to determine the relation between quantity and quality of butter and milk.
The cow Duchess by Daisy Bull gave on grass alone, without other food, in
the summer of 1807, at Halton, i . quarts of milk twice a day. Each quart
of milk when set up and churned separately yielded i ozs. of butter, or
43 ozs. a day. He contended that many breeders were making a mistake in
disregarding the dairy qualities of their cattle. Mr. Bates also conducted ex-
periments in feeding stock, and in his earlier years experimented in crossing
the Shorthorn with the Kyloe.
The valuable work, Thomas Bates and the Kirklevington Cattle, written
by his great-nephew, the late Mr. Cadwallader John Bates, and published
by Mr. Robert Redpath, Newcastle- on-Tyne in 1897, gives a full history of
this celebrated breeder and his cattle. Here the references are chiefly to Mr.
Thomas Bells earlier book, The History of Improved Shorthorn Cattle and
of the Kirklevington Herd, also published by Mr. Redpath, in 1871.
6.2 The House of Kirklevington

Mr. Thomas Bates, born in the county of Northumberland, in the year
1775, became the tenant of his fathers estate of Park End, in the Vale of
North Tyne, before he attained his majority, having in his youth passed
some years as an agricultural pupil and manager elsewhere. At the Park
End farm he had a herd, mostly from his fathers stock. In i8oo he took
on a twenty-one years lease the Halton Castle farms, previously occupied
by another Mr. Thomas Bates; and in the same year purchased stock from
Messrs. Colling. From Mr. Thomas Jobling he bought Daisy Bull i86, bred
by Mr. Charles Colling, and in 1804 bought from Mr. Charles Colling his
first Duchess cow, Duchess, or the Daisy Duchess, by the same Daisy bull,
from a dam by Favourite 252, granddam by Hubback, great granddam the
original Duchess, bought by Mr. Charles Colling from the Stanwick estate
of the Duke of Northumberland.
In the year i 8 i Mr. Bates purchased the Kirklevington estate, near
Yarm, in the county of York, and in 1818 the Ridley Hall estate, in South
Tynedale, to which he removed on the expiration of his Halton lease in 1821 ;
and on May Day, 1830, he took his herd from Ridley Hall to Kirk- levington.
Shortly after that year, when his herd comprised fifty females by Second
Hubback, all taken with the rest to Kirklevington, Mr. Bates frequently let
his bulls upon terms ranging between 100 gs. and 300 gs. for the season, a
specified term, but varying in length in different instances, the usual length
being twelve months. Never, probably, was uniformity a more remarkable
characteristic of Mr. Bates Shorthorns than at this period, whilst the imme-
diate influence of Second Hubback prevailed. Mr. Bates himself (Bells Hist.,
page 49) said of them :- Second Hubbacks stock were all alike . . . all like
beans, so nearly similar were they in every respect; in shape, colour, hair,
and handling, as well as countenance, which never deceives a good judge of
grazing cattle. All the cows by him were good milkers, without a single ex-
ception. This case illustrates the transmission of special properties through
the opposite sexes, frequently noticed by close observers who are in the habit
of endeavouring to trace such properties back by their steps of descent as
nearly as possible to their sources. It is on record (Bells Hist., page 48) that
the dam of Mr. Charles Collings Yar- borough 705 was a great milker, and
that all the female issue of Yarborough inherited that characteristic. One
of Yarboroughs daughters was Red Rose 1st, the dam of Second Hubback,
who, in turn, transmitted it to his daughters.
There is in Mr. Bells History a passage about Second Hubback which
requires explanation. On page 48 we read The Acklam Red Rose cow, own
sister to Mr. R. Collings No. i at his sale, and both own sisters to Styford
629, was returned to England from America, where she was for many years.
On page 49, Mr. Bates, relating what passed at an interview with Mr.
Charles Coiling, in Darlington, soon after the year 1819, tells us that Mr.
Coiling said : My brother Robert and I breakfasted with Mr. Hustler in
going to the Murton Exhibition, just before his death, in that year, and
we consulted together after seeing his cows. Mr. Bates then proceeds in
the third person. He said they neither of them ever bred so good a cow
as the Acklam Red Rose, adding, she has exactly Hubbacks handling and
Mr. Bates himself remarks : It was on this account I named her son
Second Hubback, whose handling revived the impression the first Hubback
made on the public mind, and those who knew the first Hubback agreed
with me in considering the second Hubback better than the first. There
were several persons living at that time who had seen both bulls and were
good judges of cattle. Now the explanation required by any one who closely
examines and compares these passages in full knowledge of the Herd Book
records, is this: the apparent discrepancy between Mr. Bates statement
that he named the son of the Acklam Red Rose cow Second Hubback, and
Second Hubbacks pedigree as registered, which makes him the son of the
Yarborough cow Red Rose 1st, a daughter of the Acklam Red Rose cow,
which went to and returned from America. There cannot be any reasonable
doubt that the Yarborough cow, named Red Rose 1st, and not her dam, was
the dam of Second Hubback, and the probable explanation appears to be
6.2. THE HOUSE OF KIRKLEVINGTON 125
a little confusedness on Mr. Bates part in calling both the mother and the
daughter the Acklam Red Rose without distinction. The cow which Messrs.
C. and R. Colling considered better than any they had ever bred, and in her
handling exactly like Hubback, was evidently Red Rose st, the Yarborough
cow, bought by Mr. Bates, together with Fairy, of the Old Daisy tribe, after
Mr. Hustlers death in 1819.
Mr. Cottrell (Siddington manuscripts), describing Second Hubback after
seeing him at Kirklevington in the year 1830, says: Yellow red; muzzle, horn,
and eyes good; most beautiful before shoulders; the best bull I have seen
;good girth, loins, and crops, and well ribbed up. Some years later he wrote :
Second Hubback I considered and still consider the best bull I ever saw. This
is good independent testimony, for Mr. Cottrell was generally regarded as an
excellent judge of Shorthorns, and his praise of Mr. Bates Shorthorns was by
no means unqualified. When he so much admired Second Hubback, the cow
which most favourably attracted his notice at Kirklevington was one of the
second Hubbacks daughters, Fairy 4th, whose dam was by Mr. Bates Leven,
a Duchess bull, and her granddam Mr. Hustlers Fairy, the cow which Mr.
Bates had purchased together with Red Rose 1st. That Fairy, afterwards
called Fairy 1st, was by the Duchess bull Duke 182, bred by Mr. C. Colling,
and own brother to Mr. Bates Duchess 1st; and her dam, the celebrated
Old Daisy, was own sister to Daisy Bull 86 the son of the first Duchess
possessed by Mr. Bates, which was the granddam of the one he called
Duchess 1st, really the sixth of hername in continuous succession, although
the numeration had not been adopted by Mr. Colling. It is something like
King James VI. of Scotland becoming James I. of England. But we must
not here enter further upon the breeding of the early Duchesses which will
be part of the subject of enquiry when we consider severally the six tribes.
Our business now is to take a general survey of the Shorthorn house of
Kirklevington as it has been called in years when the rivalry of Warlaby and
Kirklevington was aptly illustrated by the feud of Montague and Capulet.
The Old Daisy tribe, although not in line direct retained by Mr. Bates
was, as has been seen, closely intertwined with that of Duchess, and its
influence was communicated to other Shorthorn tribes through Mr. Bates
Enchanter 244, the son of His Grace 3 i, a Duchess bull and of the original
Fairy.
Besides the six tribes and the Old Daisy tribe, thus worked into the
composition of the Duchesses, and made influential also in other directions,
Mr. Bates possessed many other tribes which eventually either found their
way into public favour through the herds of Messrs. Bell, or went off else-
where. He had, indeed, for some time, the Red Princesses, a branch of the
Barmpton-Wynyard Princess tribe; and he had a branch (Young Starling) of
the Favourite, or Lady Maynard tribe, although the pedigree is imperfectly
recorded. He had also the Blanche offshoot of the old Sockburn tribe of Mr.
Hutchin- son, of Grassy Nook, and other females of that tribeAdelaide and
her daughter, Maid of Kentnot commonly remembered as having been in

his hands. The Fletchers and Lady Barring- tons and the White Roses, the
latter the foundation of the Secret, or Surmise tribe, areiamiliarly known as
belonging to the Bell-Bates group. The Philippas and the Rosalinds from
Mr. W. Charltons stock are almost forgotten in connection with his name,
excepting by a very, very few surviving frequenters of Kirklevington who can
remember one of the Philippas as second to none in beauty, a fit companion
for Duchesses and Red Roses before the Oxfords had taken their high sta-
tion side by side with the Duchesses, and whilst Matchem Cows descendants
Came to the front the family of her companion Brown (both bred by Mr.
Brown, and the latter called after him) fell into the background although
full of the Matchem blood. The Childers, cow from the same stock, likewise
passed into the thick mist; and who ever now associates the name of Mr.
Bates with the cows Teeswater, Ellerton, Thorp, Buttercup, Shorthorns,
and others which it is needless to mention, some of them for several years
heads of families at Kirklevington?
It is upon the six tribes remaining to the time of the dispersion in 1850, or
rather upon five of the six-for the Foggathorpe tribe, by some unaccountable
freak of fancy, was allowed to slip out of the Kirklevington group that the
reputation of Mr. Bates as a Shorthorn breeder has stood through good and
bad report, through extravagant praise and violent detraction for fifty-eight
years since his master hand ceased to rule the destinies of the tribes which
bore the strong impress of his mind.
6.3 Duchesses, Oxfords, and Roses

The tribes of Duchess, Oxford, and Red Rose are so intimately commin-
gled that difficulty arises in dealing with them separately. Chronological
order, however, dispenses with the Oxford tribe in a survey of the earlier
generations of Duchesses and Roses.
In the introductory sketches of Mr. Bates and his herd, we have seen that
the first Duchess which came into Mr. Bates possession was the cow by Daisy
Bull i86. She was bought privately in the year 1804, when about four years
of age. Jn the real proportions of her blood, she was quite as much a Daisy
as a Duchess, but as the name follows the line direct, the credit of her merit,
which merit appears to have been of a high order and degree, is ascribed
to the Duchess tribe. Duchess, by Daisy Bull, or the Daisy Duchess as she
is sometimes called, was of the fourth recorded generation of her tribe.
She, her dam, and dams dam were all bred by Mr. Charles Colling. The
dam beyond them was the original Stanwick Duchess, from the herd of the
Duke of Northumber- land. That is as far as we can go with any certainty
of accuracy, although tradition gives the Stanwick Duchess a lost family
history of considerable antiquity, alleging that she descended from a valuable
6.3. DUCHESSES, OXFORDS, AND ROSES 127
breed of cattle long possessed by ancestors of the Duke of Northumberland.

However that may have been, she is described on good authority as a cow of
great excellence. Her sires breeding was partly known more known than the
breeding of most of the Shorthorn bulls of his day for that sire was James
Browns Old Red Bull 97, a contemporary, and apparently an almost even
contemporary, of Hubback 319, calved in the year i777. The date of birth
of James Browns Old Red Bull is not recorded, but the birth of his son,
Manfield 404, about the year 1780, three years later than Hubbacks, and
the purchase of the Stanwick Duchess, by Mr. C. Colling in 1784, when she
was a cow not a calf or a young heifer (although the purchase price was only
13 !)show that Browns Bull and Hubback were sires at the same time, if not
born in the same year. The fact that Hubback follows Browns Bull in the
Duchess pedigree would suggest, but not necessarily imply, the seniority of
Browns Bull. Mr. Bell states (Hist., page 27) that Browns Bull was also the
sire of the first cow Mr. R. Colling bought of the old Red Rose tribe, but as
this is not confirmed by the Herd Book version of the Red Rose pedigree,
which gives Hubback as the earliest recorded sire of the tribe, we cannot
accept it here as authoritative. The presumption is that the pedigree as
recorded contains the best information which Mr. Robert Colling and Mr.
Bates possessed. According to Mr. George Coatess description understood
to be that of an eye-witness James Browns Old Red Bull was good in his fore-
quarters and handling; strong in his thighs, not good in his hips, not good at
the end of the hind-quarters ; an excellent sire. Whether the hips were too
narrow and rounded, too wide for a bull, too sharply pointed, too heavily
cushioned, too much upstanding, or how otherwise not good, Coatess note
does not tell us; nor are we informed whether the absence of goodness behind
was from defect or excess, meagre development, coarseness, or undesirable
shape. It is a pity that the early breeders, with their abundant knowledge
and intense interest, have left us so little in the way of word-painting.
James Browns Old Red Bull, bred by Mr. Thompson, of Girlington
Hall, was by William Barkers Bull, the son of Lakelands Son of the Studley
Bull 626. His daughter, the Stanwick Duchess, bred to Hubback 319 a
heifer, which heifer in turn bred a heifer by Favourite 252, and the heifer by
Favourite in the course of time became the dam of Duchess by Daisy Bull,
the first Duchess bought by Mr. Bates. To the other histories we must refer
for an account of Mr. Bates purchase of a daughter, together with the dam.
Mr. Bell tells, partly in Mr. Bates words, all about it, and how Mr. Bates
reluctantly gave up the heifer at the request of that powerful pleader, Mrs.
Charles Collingand all about the subsequent little peevishness between Mr.
Charles Colling and Mr. Bates, their reconciliation, Mr. Bates self-defence
for not bidding openly for the Comet Duchess heifer (afterwards Duchess
st) at the Ketton sale, his refusal of boo gs. for her after the sale, and Mrs.
Charles Collings naive remark to Mr. Bates when he first called at Ketton
after the sale, that had she known how far he would have gone for the heifer,
he should have paid the uttermost farthing.

From that heifer, sire Comet I 55, dam by Favourite 252, granddam the
Daisy Duchess, sprang all the Duchesses subsequently bred at Kirklevington.
Her granddam had been sold to Mr. Donkin after having bred one female
for Mr. Bates, Baroness, by St. John (but with her the line in that direction
ended), and the two bulls, Ketton 1st 709 by Favourite, and Laird i i 8, by
Chieftain, a son of Daisy Bull.
A subject which has caused some discussion may be noticed. Mr. C.
J. Bates relates that in i8o Duchess by Daisy Bull i86 produced a bull-
calf, to which Bates gave the name Ketton ist 709; but in high dudgeon
at being unable (oxving to some dispute) to have the cow served by C.
Collings Duke 224 (her own son) he put her to Chieftain i35, who was by
Daisy Bull i86, from a West Highland cow, and in i8o6 the calf from this
service was born, and was called Laird ii 58. Duchess by Daisy Bull then
went a year without being in calf, and was sold to a relative (Mr. Donkin,
of Sandhoe). She there continued to breed, and Mr. Bates, to his great dis-
appointment, was unable to secure her again. In 1809, Mr. T. Bates wrote
a letter in which, referring to his having let Laird ii 8 for the season, he
remarked that the bull was to go near to Sockburn, into the very heart of
the Shorthorn country, which, he added, will give the mixed breed a trial.
With regard to these incidents it may be noticed that Mr. Bates was then
(up to 1809) conducting experiments in crossing with various breeds. It was
subsequently to his purchase of Duchess by Comet 155, at the Ketton sale
in i8io, that he engaged seriously in the breeding of Shorthorns and shoxved
in the pursuit the ardour and enthusiasm that were such marked features
of his character. When he obtained the real foundress of his Duchess tribe
(Duchess by Comet 155, purchased at Ketton in i8io) he had secured the
beginning of a herd which he gradually increased by selection of the finest
specimens of the old sorts that he could secure, and applied with remarkable
ability and success the principles of breeding that had already been carried
out by the Collings. It will remove some misconception if it be recognised
that Mr. Bates, as a young man, trained himself as a breeder by conducting
experiments to ascertain the relative merits of various breeds and crosses,
and these evidently convinced him that he could nol improve the Shorthorn.
Bakewells ideas were not universally accepted at the outsetmost breeders
of an independent mind had to convince themselves by experiment of their
accuracy and value. Mr. Bates, when conviction was reached, became one
of the most zealous advocates of exclusive breeding, and one of the most
successful supporters of the new system. It is well to note the dateswhen
Mr. Bates privately purchased Duchess by Daisy Bull i86, from C. Colling
in 1804 he was under thirty years old, and when he bought Duchess by
Comet 155, at the Ketton sale in i8io, he was thirty-five. The intervening
few years changed him from an experimenter to a convinced believer in the
new system. These explanatory remarks will render the story of his work
more intelligible.
It is to Ketton 1st, Mr. Bates declared, that my cattle owe their superi-
ority, for had I not possessed him I should not have bought Duchess 1st in
i8io. His object was, as he stated, that she should breed to Ketton ist, for he
was convinced that she would breed better to him than to any other bull of
whose existence he was aware. Yet he actually offered the buyers of Comet
30 gs. for a single use of that bull as an experimental second cross of the
same sire, the heifer being Comets daughter. Possibly he thought she might
afterwards breed to Ketton 1st, but had the offer been accepted, delay and
risk of the accomplishment of his main purpose would have been incurred.
If she had bred her first calf to Comet, the world would never have seen
Mr. Bates Duke of Northumberland, whose descent was direct from her first
calf, Duchess 2nd by Ketton 1st. Duchess 1st bred a second heifer, Duchess
3rd, to that sire. She then bred in succession two heifers, Duchess 4th, and
5th to Ketton 2nd, twice entered in the Herd Book, 348 and 710, a son
of Ketton st from a dam by a grandson of Favourite, granddam by James
Browns Old Red Bull, and she afterwards bred a bull, Cleveland 146, to
her own grandson, Ketton 3rd. From Duchess 4th all the Duchesses and
Dukes sold at the Kirk- levington sale in i8 o were descended, excepting
Lot io of cows, Duchess 54th (sold to Mr. Eastwood, who bought for Col.
Towneley), and her son, Duke of Athol 10,150, Lot i8 of bulls, which were
directly descended from Duchess 2nd. The Airdrie line of Duchesses now
alone remains to represent by direct descent the offspring of that union for
the sake of which Mr. Bates purchased Duchess 1st in I8iothe union of that
heifer with his Ketton 1st.
There were, as we have seen, two heifers by Ketton 1st from Duchess st,
Duchess 2nd, the ancestress of Duchess 34th, Duke of Northumberland, and
the Airdries, and Duchess 3rd, whose line became extinct, ending in heifers
which, from one cause or another, never became dams. That line, however,
contributed much to the Kirklevington herd, for Duchess 3rd was the dam
of The Earl 646.
A passage in Mr. Bells History, although correctly stating certain facts,
states them in a way which has caused a mistaken impression, to the effect
that The Earl died almost immediately after becoming serviceable. It is
difficult, sometimes, in that work, to ascertain precisely where the author,
and where Mr. Bates, from whose dictated notes and daily table-talk the
author gathered the best part of his matter, is the speaker. Mr. Bates,
however, and not Mr., Bell is unquestionably represented by the first person
singular in the paragraph on pages 46 and 47, where we are told that The
Earl, a calf when Mr. Bates removed from Halton Castle to Ridley Hall,
was driven from the old to the new home, and turned out to fresh grass for
the first time on the arrival at the end of his days journey, that he swelled a
very likely consequence of the treatment and often afterwards did the same
when on green food, clover, or turnips, and at last he was found dead at
the stake, having had clover given him when the man went to church, and
was dead on his return. Mr. Bates, in the next paragraph, says : I had,
however, kept three bull-calves by him, one of which was my Second Hub-
back; the other two were named Second Earl and Third Earl. It is easy to
see how this statement coupled with Mr. Bates references to The Earl as
the calf, conveyed the impression that The Earl died when he had only just
begun to be serviceable. The facts are, that he was calved at Halton Castle,
November 2, 1820; went to Ridley Hall, ate wet grass, and swelled in May,
1821; that he was one of the sires in service at Ridley Hall at the end of
1821, when he was a yearling; and that he was used through 1822 and 1823,
and in the early part of 1824, xvhen he was in the fourth year of his age.
Most farmers bulls are fed off and slaughtered as old bulls at an earlier age
than that at which The Earl died a natural death from a feed of clover.
The Earl was of the yellow-red colour, with some white marking, common
among the early Shorthorns. His son, Second Hubback, from Red Rose 1st,
was yellow-red-and-white. The Second Earl, his son from his own dam, was
red-and-white, and the Third Earl, his son from Duchess 8th, also red-and-
white. The Earl was the sire of Duchesses 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, i th, and
i6th, and of a bull-calf from Duchess 6th, which died, and a bull-calf from
Duchess 9th, which was slaughtered. He had offspring, moreover, from other
tribes besides that of the Duchesses, the most remarkable of his offspring,
indeed, being the Red Rose bull, Second Hubback.
The source of the Red Roses was in Mr. Robert Coilings herd at Barmp-
ton. The tribe which gave to Kirklevington its Second Hubback was the same
which gave Pilot to the herds of Killerby, Studley, and Warlaby. Mr. Bates
cow Red Rose I., the dam of Second Hubback, and Mr, Booths bull, Pilot,
were bred from own sisters, whose pedigree ran thus - Favourite 252, Punch
581, Foljambe 263, Hubback 319. Of these four sires, the three nearest to the
dam of Second Hubback, her sire, dams sire, and granddams sireFavourite,
Punch, and Foljambewere among the bulls whose breeding came under the
strictures of Mr. Bates.
The Red Rose tribe of Mr. Robert Colling, afterwards called, at Kirklev-
ington, the Cambridge Rose tribe (in commemoration of Royal honours won
by a heifer of the tribe, at Cambridge, in the year 1840), was considered by
Mr. Bates to be good enough, in the year 1823, to produce a bull for general
use in his herd, a suitable match even for his Duchesses. Second Hubback,
calved in that year, was used freely with the Duchesses. Mr. Bates himself
regarded the influences of Second Hubback and Belvedere as all-important in
forming the distinctive character of his herd. His famous prize cow Duchess
34th was by Belvedere, from Duchess 29th, by Second Hubback and her
son, Duke of Northumberland, the Royal prize bull at Oxford in 1839, had a
second cross of Belvedere. From the time of Second Hubbacks birth, eighty-
three years ago, down to the dispersion of the Kirklevington herd, fifty-seven
years ago, the Red Rose or Cambridge Rose tribe was crossed with Duchess
sires, and with the same sires used for the Duchess tribe. Yet Mr. Bates did
not return to the same tribe for another sire, but after using the Princess
bull, Belvedere, for all his tribes, he turned to the Matchem Cow, a daugh-
ter of Mr. Masons Matchem 2281, from a dam by the Countess of Antrims
Young Wynyard 2859, of the Princess tribe. Beyond this the Matchem Cow,
one of Mr. Bates purchases from Mr. Brown, had no registered pedigree.
The Matchem Cow became the foundation dam of the Oxford tribe, so
named in honour of the victory gained by her daughter, Oxford Premium
Cow, at the first meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of England at
Oxford. Oxford Premium Cow was by Duke of Cleveland 1937, the son of
Mr. Whitakers Bertram, whose sire was Frederick, Mr. Whitakers favourite
Shorthorn sire, bred by Mr. Charge, and full of Comets blood, and his dam
was Mr. Hustlers L Red Daisy, of Mr. C. Coilings Old Daisy tribe. Mr.
Whitaker, in a letter written to Mr. Cottrell in 1830 (Siddington Manu-
scripts), says : We prevailed on Mr. Bates to accompany us to Burley. You
know that he has always held out that his Second Hubback was the best bull
in England, and has frequently declared that he would not take 1000 gs. for
him. You will be surprised when I tell you that, after seeing Bertram, he
promised to take a few of our cows to Second Hubback, and send a like num-
ber to Bertram. He did not acknowledge, but I have no doubt he considered,
our bull far superior to his. Bertram was afterwards sold to Colonel Powel,
for exportdtion to the United States, and Mr. Bates and Mr. Coates signed
certificates of opinion that he was a bull of the first order of merit. Mr.
Bates then bought Bertrams son, Guy Fawkes, re-named Gambier 2046, for
ioo, when six months old. This purchase, however, is understood to have
been effected with the object of making up numerical shortcomings in the
produce of the herd through Belvederes temporary unfruitfulness, and to
have proved a failure as regards the quality of the stock by Gambier; whilst
Mr. Bates supposed preference for Bertram over Second Hubback appears
to have been a sport of Mr. Whitakers imagination, excited by Mr. Bates
honest commendation of Bertram, whose character he liked, whose dam he
knew as a very good Shorthorn, and who se sire, Frederick, he disliked rather
than otherwise.
Oxford Premium Cow was not herself the source of the Oxfords, although
the tribal name refers to her victory. The Oxfords all trace to her half-
sister, Oxford 2nd, by Short Tail, the son of Belvedere, with two crosses of
Second Hubback immediately beyond him. Whether the maternal granddam
of Matchem Cow was a high-class Shorthorn, or an ordinary Shorthorn,
are questions left open by the silence of the Herd Book beyond the record
of Young Wynyard. Much has been said and written in support of the
presumption that Mr. Bates, with his strong views upon the subject of
what he deemed pure and ancient blood, would not introduce a known cross
of alien, or even of plebeian blood; and much, on the other hand, has been
said and written about Mr. Bates alleged departure from his own principles
of breeding when he not only adopted a tribe of short pedigree, not tracing,
in the direct female line, to any cow in the hands of one of the early master
breeders, but also crossed with bulls of that newly-formed tribe his long-
established tribes of Duchess and Red Rose, Foggathorpe, and Wild Eyes,
all directly descended from the herds of leaders of Shorthorn improvement.
One answer to this is that Mr. Bates was himself a leader, if not chrono-
logically one of the foremost leaders, at least among the foremost in skill
and success; and one eminent follower in his footsteps met the taunt boldly
with What was good enough for Mr. Bates, so many years ago, is good
enough for me now. That was, the foundation of the Oxford tribe, for
the later sires were either of the Duchess tribe themselves or were sires
used alike for the Duchess and Oxford tribes. It is certain that Mr. Bates
discovered in the Matchem Cow an extraordinary tendency to breed good
stock, and in her descendants, male and female, the power to transmit their
merit to successive generations; or, perhaps, remembering that pedigree is
useful chiefly as an evidence of title to an inheritance, he accepted the fact of
possession as the proverbial nine points of the law, considering merit realised
as far better than documentary evidence of merit bequeathed. He might be
expected to forgive any shortcomings of Matchem Co vs lineage. Had he
not spoken unfavourably of Mr. Mason s strain of blood, yet adopted the
daughter of Mr. Mason s Matchem?
It is curious to notice how the two tribes which may be said to have
been founded at Kirklevingtonthe Oxford and Waterloo tribeshave severally
come to the front; the Oxford tribe, during the life-time of Mr. Bates; whilst
within recent years, the Waterloo tribe has advanced, not only in public
favour, but in apparent capacity to reproduce the more valuable properties
of the Shorthorn.
6.4 The Waterloo, Wild Eyes, and Foggathorpe

tribes
We have already considered the Waterloo tribe as one of the two, among
the final six tribes of Kirklevington, which owe their existence to Mr. Bates.
The other tribe is that of Oxford. Matchem Cow, the foundation dam of
the Oxfords, was one of the cows bought by Mr. Bates from a breeder
whose name we knowBrown. Waterloo Cow, the foundation dam of the
Waterloos, bought by him at Thorpe (Durham) in the year 1831, was calved
in 1829, breeder unnamed, and was by Waterloo 2816 from a cow by the
same sire. Beyond this, no pedigree is recorded, but Mr. Bates learned from
her breeder that the sort had been in his possession fifty years, and that
they were well descended. The inducement to Mr. Bates, however, to adopt
this foundation, was certainly not so much the alleged respectability of the
ancestry of Waterloo Cow as the double Princess cross of Waterloo, the sire
6.4. THE WATERLOO, WILD EYES, AND FOGGATHORPE TRIBES133
of Belvedere, purchased by Mr. Bates in the same year in which he bought

Waterloo Cow.
Putting aside for the present the controversy about the alleged cross
of Lawnsleeves, and taking the Herd Book record as correct, we find that
Princess, breeding to Favourite 252, her own sire and her dams sire, pro-
duced Anna Boleyne, whose bldod therefore was to the extent of seven-
eighths derived from Favourite, whilst Hubback was the sire immediately
beyond. Anna Boleyne, to Phenomenon 491, a son of Favourite 252, bred
Angelina. In the meantime Old Princess, sent to Wellington 68o, the son of
Comet (Favourites in-bred son) from Wildair, own sister to Phenomenon,
bred Young Wynyard 2859, and the alliance of the very closely-related
Angelina and Young Wynyard produced Waterloo 2816 and Angelina II.,
which, although full brother and sister, were paired, and became the par-
ents of Belvedere. This is the bull said to have captivated Mr. Bates by the
masculine beauty of his head alone; and it was Belvederes influence, min-
gling with the influence of Second Hubback, as stated by Mr. Bates, or, as
stated by him elsewhere, mingling with the influences of the Duchesses and
Yarboroughs dam, which gave the Kirklevington Shorthorns their superior
excellence.
Belvedere 1706 had a full brother, Blucher 1725, entered under his dam,
Angelina 2nd, as calved after Belvedere, but in reality an older brother, and
the sire of calves several months older than Belvedere, thus unquestionably
proving his seniority. See, for example, the offspring of Mr. John Stephen-
sons Cherry, in the fifth volume of the Herd Book. To Belvedere, her more
than half-brother, Waterloo Cow bred two heifers, one of which, Waterloo
2nd, proved prolific at Kirklevington; and to Mr. Whitakers Norfolk 2377,
a son of Mr. Bates Second Hubback, she bred Waterloo 3rd, the ancestress
of all the six Waterloos sold at the Kirklevington sale in 1850, and of the
Aylesby W. tribe.
The Wild Eyes tribe passed into the hands of Mr. Bates by purchase
of the calf Wildair, by Emperor 1975 at Mr. T. W. Parrington’s sale at
Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire. Mr. Bell (Hist., page 293) says that
this calf, whose pedigree he gives in full, somehow got the name of Wild
Eyes when she went to Kirklevington, and he gives the year 183 I as the
time of the purchase. The Herd Book record of Wild Eyes, whose pedigree
agrees with that given by Mr. Bell, gives 1833 as the year of her birth, but as
Mr. Parringtons sale was held on April 24, 1832, there seems to be a slight
discrepancy in the dates. Mr. Bates, Mr. Bell tells us (Hist., page 293),
maintained that the Wild Eyes tribe brought into his herd the only good
blood which the Colling herds did not containthe blood of the old herd of
Mr. Michael Dobinson, to whose alleged imports reference has already been
made. Mr. Bates believed that Dobinson did import cattle from Holland,
and Mr. Bell refers to the descent of the Wild Eyes tribe from Dobinsons
stock, purchased in Holland, as if the purchase of Dutch cattle were beyond
dispute.
The sires in the Wild Eyes pedigree, whose names are registered in the
Herd Book, are Mastermans Bull 422 (identical with Walkers Bull 670),
Mowbrays Bull 2342 (a son of Mastermans Bull), Hollons Bull 313 (without
date, breeder, or pedigree), Butterfly 104 (bred by Mr. C. Colling, from
Cupid and Old Cherry), Mr. Bates own Cleveland 145 (by Ketton III. from
Duchess I.), Major Rudds Wonderful 700 (descended from the Ketton and
Barmpton stocks), and Mr. Parringtons Emperor 1975, descended from
Sir H. V. Tempests Tragedy, whose daughter, Trinket (calved in 1807) by
Phenomenon, passed into the hands of Mr. Parrington, and bred the family
which in 1829 produced Emperor, the sire of the cow bought by Mr. Bates.
To this foundation Mr. Bates added the Duchess and Oxford bulls in general
service in his herd, so building up the Wild Eyes tribe as found in the sale
ofhis herd in i85o.
With reference to the purchase of the first of the Wild Eyes tribe from Mr.
J. W. Parrington, that gentlemans son, the well-known veteran agriculturist
and sportsman, Mr. Thomas Parrington, St. Hildas, Kirbymoorside, writing
on Sept. i ith, 1907, says : My father had many good Shorthorns, such as
Emperor 1975, bred by him, and Wild Eyes 1st, his daughter, of whose dam
and granddam I have yet a distinct recollection; also of Cleveland 145, the
sire of Wildair, the granddam of Wild Eyes 1st. My father and his neighbour
bought a bull at the Collings sale in i8io. Visitors were constantly coming to
Middlesbro to see my fathers Short- horns, such as the first Lord Feversham,
Sir H. Vane Tempest, Miss Wright, of Cleasby, Major Rudd, the Maynards,
etc.
Foggathorpe, calved in 1830, was bought by Mr. Bates from her breeder,
Mr. Edwards, of Market Weighton, when, according to Mr. Bells account,
she was ten years old. She is registered in the Herd Book as breeding calves
in Mr. Edwards herd down to May, 1839, and on September 14, iS40, at
Kirklevington, she gave birth to Foggathorpe II. by Duke of Northumber-
land. It is to be inferred from these dates that she passed into Mr. Bates
possession between the month of May and the end of December, 1839, when
she had entered, but not completed, her tenth year. The cow which Mr.
Bates purchased had previously given birth to many calves, including Golden
Drop, the ancestress of the Foggathorpes of Mr. Torr, and Jemima, whose
descendants were famous in the herd of Mr. Robinson, of Clifton Pastures,
and at Towneley. She herself was sixth in descent from a fine cow purchased
from Mr. Robert Colling by Mr. Seaton, of Howden (Yorks), who, accord-
ing to a note left by Mr. Bates, used to buy Mr. R. Collings spare cows,
in several consecutive years, at ioo gs. each, but never cared to keep their
pedigrees. He also used, for several years, Mr. R. Collings White Bull 151,
thus introducing the Princess blood, if, indeed, Foggathorpe herself did not,
as Mr. Bates, judging by her character, suspected she did, belong to that
tribe. The first cow of the line entered in the Herd Book (for we must wipe
6.5. THE KIRKLEVINGTON SALE 135
off as not proven any claim to earlier registration) was Primrose, by Mr. R.
Collings North Star 459, dam by his White Bull, granddam the cow bought
of Mr. Robert Colling. Primrose (a heifer purely of Barmpton blood) was
sold to Mr. Edwards, who added the sires Regent 546, of the combined
strains of Mr. Robert Colling and Mr. George Coates; Mr. Wileys Ebor
997; and Mr. Whitakers Marlborough 1189, own brother to his Fairfax 1123,
sire Frederick, dam Matilda.
6.5 The Kirklevington sale

Thursday, the 9th day of May, 1850, stands out a notable day in Shorthorn
history as that on which the six tribes of Kirklevington were dispersed by
Mr. H. Stafford. That day distributed the nuclei of many herds, which
realised prices in comparison with which those of Mr. Bates Shorthorns
seem insignificant; yet those humbler prices of forty years ago were consid-
ered great at that time, and they certainly indicated a revival of interest in
Shorthorn breeding, and of hope and courage on the part of purchasers.
The herd sold on May 9, i85o, consisted of eight cows and heifers and six
bulls of the Duchess tribe, ten female and three male Oxfords, six Waterloos,
and three Cambridge Roses, all females; twenty-two Wild Eyes cows and
heifers, and three bulls of the same tribe (by far the largest in number
of the tribes retained by Mr. Bates); three female Foggathorpes and four
Foggathorpe bulls; making altogether fifty-two cows and heifers and sixteen
bulls, or a total of sixty-eight animals, which realised a cash aggregate of
4558 Is., or a general average of 67 Os. 7d. What sum would those animals
have realised if they could have been brought into the sale ring, exactly as
at Kirklevington, from twenty to twenty-five years later?
The cattle were certainly animals of distinguished style, mellow-handling,
and rich in hair of a fine, silky, and moss- like nature. They were not
overfed, and some breeders present at the sale thought them on the whole
rather wanting in flesh than otherwise, although Cleveland Lad 3407 (the
son of Short Tail 2621 and Matchem Cow), an exceedingly heavy-fleshed
bull himself, had given substance to the stock inheriting his blood. One of
his daughters was so notably massive, particularly in the packing from hip
to tail, a characteristic inherited mostly, no doubt, from the Chilton stock,
through Mr. Masons Matchem, the sire of Cleveland Lads dam, that as in
advancing years she became a trifle patchy in the hind-quarters, a nickname
expressive of that distinguishing excess, is said to have been substituted
by the herdsman for her Herd Book title, Duchess 51st. With a fine head
and ample substance, she was considered one of the grandest cows in the
herd, although some visitors preferred the cleaner cut-out shapes of cows
of less imposing appearance. One of her sons, Fourth Duke of York 10,167,
was among the most noteworthy of the bullsa grand, vigorous, dashing fel-
low, full of spirit, as fiery as a charger, with a noble bulls head and front,
and one characteristic, not generally approved, which sometimes has been
found in bulls of very great value as sires that of open and loose-working
shoulder-blades. His sire was Second Duke of Oxford 9046, the son of Duke
of Northumber- land and Oxford 2nd, own sister to Cleveland Lad. Fourth
Duke of York, therefore, was considerably in-bred from the Chilton blood of
Matchem Coxv, and through Short Tail from the Belvedere Princess blood
and the Red Rose blood of Second Hubback, which he also had directly from
the dam of Duchess 51 st.
Earl Ducie; whose sale a very few years later was another landmark of
Shorthorn history, bought at the Kirklevington sale, of the Duchesses, the
54th, 59th, and 64th; and of the Oxfords, the 6th and i ith. Also the bull
Fourth Duke of York, whose dam, Duchess 5Ist, was bought by Mr. S.
E. Bolden as a doubtful speculation, and in his hands became the foun-
dation dam of the branch tribe of Grand Duchesses; and among the other
purchasers were Lord Feversham, the Marquis of Exeter, Mr. Eastwood
(Col. Towneleys agent, and a noted breeder also on his own account), Mr.
A. L. Maynard, Mr. Harvey Combe, Mr. Jonas Webb, Mr. Singleton, of
Givendale, Mr. Jefferson, of Preston Hows, Messrs. Ambler, Sanday, C
artwright, Downs, Townshend, Champion, Farrell, and many other breeders
whose names have been familiarly known. Four females were purchased,
for exportation to America, by Messrs. Becar (one), Morris (two), and A.
Stevens (one), a few went to Scotland, and two to Prussia. The Duke of
Devonshire, then Earl of Burlington, was the buyer of one bull, Balco 9918;
and Grand Duke 10,284, bought by Mr. Hay, of Shethin, was subsequently
purchased by Mr. S. E. Bolden, and became the sire, Duchess 51st being the
dam, of Grand Duchess 1st and Grand Duchess 2nd. The tribes (males and
females taken together) made the following averages :Duchess (i animals),
i i6 5s.; Oxford (i3), 68 i6s. 4d.; Waterloo (6all females), 59 los.; Cambridge
Rose ( all females), 49; Wild Eyes (25), 48 25. 8d.; and Foggathorpe (7), 46
195. Such were the results, thought great at the time, of the Kirklevington
sale, a great occasion, permanently, in Shorthorn history.
6.6 Bell-Bates and Harvey-Bates tribes

Immediately after the sale of Mr. Bates herd, on May 9th, 1850, at Kirklev-
ington, there were also sold there forty cows, heifers, and bulls belonging to
Messrs. J. R. and T. Bell, whose stock cows had been principally obtained
from Mr. Bates bulls. Mr. Bates himself looked upon Messrs. Bells cattle
as constituting a reserve force of which he might himself make use in course
of time, should his herd need a change. The initials of Messrs. Bell are given
above as printed on the title- page of their sale catalogue, apparently indi-
cating two proprietors, but they are understood to have belonged to three
6.6. BELL-BATES AND HARVEY-BATES TRIBES 137
individuals, Messrs. John, Robert, and Thomas Bell. Mr. Robert Bell re-
moved the remainder of his herd to Mosbro Hail, near Rainford, Lancashire,
and Mr. Thomas Bell went xvith his retained Shorthorns to Bickerstaffe,
near St. Helens, not very far from the new home of his brother, Mr. Robert
Bell, and afterxvards to Brockton Hall, Eccleshall, Stafford- shire. His name
is known also in connection with the notes of Mr. Bates, which he (Mr. T.
Bell) published in the year 1871, with his own memoir of Mr. Batesthe
memoir and notes together constituting Bells History.
The most widely known of the tribes represented by the cattle offered at
Messrs. Bells sale, at Kirklevington, in i8 o, are those of Acomb, Barrington,
Craggs, Fletcher, North- allerton, and Place, all previously owned by Mr.
Bates, and Hart, known also as the Hawkey tribe, the foundation of which
came from the stock of Mr. Richardson, of Hart.
The Acomb tribe, tracing back to a daughter of Belvedere, from a cow
bought from Mr. Bates, has several branches. The Duchess blood, in union
with that of Mr. Whitakers Bertram, through Duke of Cleveland, appears in
the lines which trace to Annabella, including the Ariels and the descendants
of Augusta, by Third Duke of York. The females of this tribe in the sale of
1850 were all of another branch, that of Anna, the original Acombs daughter,
by Short Tail. One of that branch at Kirklevington was named Ariel, but
was not the Ariel which became the head of a family of her name.
Lady Barrington, the foundation cow, at Kirklevington, of the Barring-
ton tribe, was bred by Lord Barrington in the year 1829, and in five consecu-
tive years, 1834-5-6-7-8, in the hands of Mr. Bates, produced five heifers, all
by Belvedere. All the Barringtons in Messrs. Bells Kirklevington sale cata-
logue were descended from one of those heifers, Lady Barrington II., whose
daughter, Lady Barrington IV. by Cleveland Lad, bred by Mr. Bates, had
been sold to Mr. C. W. Harvey, of Walton-on-the-Hill, near Liverpool, some
years previously. Another of the five heifers was Olive Leaf, whose name dis-
tinguishes a branch tribe. The original Lady Barrington was herself a cow
of recorded pedigree. She is entered in the Herd Book as by a son of Mr.
Masons Herdsman 304, a bull calved in 1804, just twenty-five years before
her own birth, giving an average of twelve and a half years each to her sire
and grandsire from the birth of each of them to the birth of his offspring.
Her dams sire, Major Rudds Wonderful 700, the same which appears in the
Wild Eyes pedigree, was calved in the year 1820. The next preceding sire
was Mr. C. Collings Alfred 23, and the next and earliest in the record,
Young Favourite 6994, a bull said to have been bred by Mr. C.Colling.
A cow bought of Mr. Bates, and descended from the stock of Mr. May-
nard, was the foundation dam of the Craggs tribe. Upon this, as upon
other Bell foundations, the bulls of Mr. Bates, to which Messrs. Bell had
access, were added, beginning with the double Red Rose bull, Son of Sec-
ond Hubback 2683. The Carolinas of this tribe were much in the fashion
when fashion was at its height from fifteen to twenty years ago, and are still
valued.
The same Mr. Fletcher with whom Mr. Bates had dealings in both
sale and purchase of Red Princesses, was the breeder of the foundation cow
of the Fletcher tribe, descended from Young Wynyard and James Browns
Red Bull. From a daughter of that cow, Fletcher 2nd by Belvedere, the
Fennel family, and, with crosses of Fawsley blood, the Fantail family, both
descended, The Fidget family sprang from the original Fletcher and Second
Earl of Darlington, and the Fuchsia family from Nancy, an own sister to
Fletcher 2nd.
The Northallerton tribe, like the Craggs tribe, was founded upon an un-
named cow belonging to Mr. Bates, paired with the double Red Rose bull,
son of Second Hubback. The offspring, Northallerton, was the dam of Nell
Gwynne, by Belvedere. But the tribal name of Northallerton, which con-
nects the various branch tribes with their source, is less prominent in Short-
horn history than the name of one of those branch tribesthat which bears
the name of Kirklevington. Nell Gwynne, paired with Duke of Northum-
berland in two consecutive years, and again, after having produced a heifer
by Holkar, gave birth to Kirklevington 1st, Kirklevington 2nd, and Nosegay.
The two Kirklevingtons, bred by Messrs. Bell in partnership, were sold to
Mr. C. W. Harvey, by whom the tribe which bears their name was estab-
lished. Nosegay, their own sister, fell to the share of Mr. Thomas Bell,
in whose hands her granddaughter, Newlight, a noted cow in her day, was
calved. Newlight was a neat roan cow, retaining her evenness to an advanced
age, and a prodigious milker. She was the dam of Mr. Thomas Bells General
Canrobert 12,927, a fine stylish red bull by Fourth Duke of York. To Second
Duke of Northumberland Nell Gwynne bred Nettle, whose name has become
a sub-tribal name, and whose descendants through Duchess Nancy, crossed
with Towneley blood, were objects of strong competition among bidders at
the sensational sales some years ago. A bull of this branch was the sire of
the Rev. R. B. Kennards celebrated prize cow Queen Mary.
The Place tribe also began with Son of Second Hubback, and an unnamed
cow, the property of Mr. Bates. Some of this tribe have been noted for great
merit. Playful, for example, in the hands of Mr. Douglas, was a remarkably
grand Shorthorn.
The Dinah, or Red Thompson, tribe, from which Rose of Raby and the
Oxford Roses of Holker descended, the Chap- man tribe, the Thirsk tribe,
the Hudson tribe, and several other tribes of Bell-Bates origin, might be
added to the list; and there is one more Harvey-Bates tribe xvhich must not
be passed without a word of commendation, that of Mr. Bates White Rose,
which in Mr. C. W. Harveys hands, through Secret, bred by Mr. Bates,
became the source of several famous branchesSilence, Surmise, Surprise, etc.
One branch of this tribe was adopted into the celebrated Scotch herd of Mr.
Cruickshank, of Sittyton.
6.7. PRIZES AND PRICES OF KIRKLEVINGTON CATTLE 139
6.7 Prizes and prices of Kirklevington cattle

Prizes won by Mr. Bates for his Shorthorns have been mentioned only ca-
sually. The event which emphatically confirmed Mr. Bates reputation as
a first-rank Shorthorn breeder was the first exhibition of the Royal Agricul-
tural Society of England, held at Oxford in 1839. At that time a premium
was given for the best animal in each class. Mr. Bates exhibited in the class
of aged bulls his Duke of Northumberland 1940, winner of the premium; in
the class of younger bulls he had no entry; in the cow class he exhibited
the winner afterwards known as Oxford Premium Cow; in the heifer class,
Duchess 42nd, the winner; and in the class of younger heifers, Duchess 43rd,
the winner. Mr. Strafford used to say that Mr. Bates could have made
a clean sweep of all the prizes offered for Shorthorns on that occasion.
He had, for the younger class of bulls, Yorkshireman 5700, a sure winner
in one judges opinion, but the young bull was kept at home, and one bred
by and belonging to the Marquis of Exeter took the premium in the class.
At the Cambridge Show of the same society in 1840, and at its Liverpool
Show in 1841, Kirklevington cattle were again among the principal winners,
two, afterwards named Cambridge Rose and Duke of Cambridge, winning at
the former, and Cleveland Lad at the latter. At the shows of the Yorkshire
Society, Mr. Bates was also a successful exhibitor; but after the year 1841,
when he had abundantly proved by the decisions of different judges selected
by the leading societies the great merit of his cattle, he did not care to
show any more. The resolution to decline further competition in the show
yard was in his case wise. Not only was he strongly opposed to the practice
of high feeding, which was rapidly becoming a pre-requisite of success, but
he was, under any circumstances, a bad loser, unable to bear defeat with
equanimity, and under defeat contemptuous towards the very judgment to
which he had, by entering his cattle for competition, consented to appeal.
He retired with hands full of honours.
6.8 Earl Ducie’s sale

High as were the prices obtained at the Kirklevington sale for the cattle left
by him, they were soon made low by comparison with those of the same
cattle and their descendants. Earl Ducie, the most adventurous buyer at
the sale in i8 o, did not long enjoy the important additions with which his
selections at Kirklevington enriched the Tortworth herd, he having died in
June, 1853. The Tortworth Court sale, by order of his lordships executors,
was conducted by Mr. Strafford, on the 24th of August, 1853, when forty-
nine cows, heifers, and heifer-calves realised 6867, averaging 140 2s. iod.;
thirteen bulls sold for 2394 i6s., making an average of 19 i8s. 2d., and the
entire herd of sixty-two Shorthorns made an aggregate of 9361 i6s., and a
general average of iso 195. iid. These sums, however, included the various
families of the herd, of the strains of Earl Spencer and Mr. Mason, Mr.
Whitaker, Mr. W. J obson, Mr. Watson, of Walkeringham, the Rev. Henry
Berry, and several other well-known old breeders, besides Mr. Bates. The
Kirklevington-bred animals and their direct descendants sold at Tortworth
(exclusive of the stock of Fourth Duke of York and Duke of Gloster from cows
of other tribes) realised 5345 gs., in return for 991 gs. spent in purchasing
the Duchesses, Oxfords, and Fourth Duke of York at Kirklevington; so that
the capital of 991 gs. invested in those purchases was repaid, after the
lapse of three years and three months, with 4354 gs. as interest for that
time. The cost of keep and all other expenses would be amply covered by
the value of the stock of Duke of Gloster and Fourth Duke of York, and the
enhanced value of the cows sold in calf to those bulls, not taken into account
in the foregoing figures, so that the 4354 gs. in excess of the capital may be
reckoned as net gain. The particulars can be seen in table 6.1.
Kirklevington Tortworth
Duchess Tribe
Gs. Gs.
3 females sold for 460 8 females sold for 3060
1 male sold for 200 2 males sold for 1150
Oxford Tribe
3 females sold for 331 4 females sold for 300
991 5345
Table 6.1: Comparison of prices at Kirklevington sale and Tortworth sale
The net profit on the Duchesses was 3550 gs., and on the Oxfords 331 gs.
All the Duchesses and the one Duke bought at Kirklevington were resold at
Tortworth. The three cows, whose united prices at Kirklevington amounted
to 460 gs., realised at Tortworth 1000 gs. Fourth Duke of York, bought for
200 gs., was sold to General Cadwallader and Mr. Vail (United States),
for 500 gs., after more than three years of valuable Service. Duchess 55th,
purchased for 105 gs., was bought by Mr. Tanqueray, under circumstances
which made her a doubtful speculation, for 50 gs., and was the only one of
the tribe resold below cost price. Duchess 59th and Duchess 64th, costing
respectively 200 gs. and 155 gs., were both bought by Mr. Jonathan Thorne,
of New York, respectively for 350 gs. and 6oo gs. The rest of the tribe were
all offspring calved at Tortworth. Duchess 66th, under three years old, by
Fourth Duke of York, from Duchess 55th, was bought by Messrs. Becar and
Morris, New York, for 700 gs.; her heifer-calf six weeks old, Duchess 6oth,
by Duke of Gloster, became the property of Col. Sir Robert Gunter, for
310 gs. Another daughter of Duchess 55th, the white Usurer heifer, Duchess
67th, then a yearling, whose price was 350 gs., accompanied Duchess 70th to
6.9. OTHER FAMOUS SALES OF BATES CATTLE 141
Earls Court, Brompton, where the herd, subsequently widely known as the
Wetherby herd, was established. These three Duchesses, the Sixty - sixth,
Sixty - seventh, and Seventieth, complete the list of descendants of the Fifty-
fifth, bred at Tortworth, and sold at the sale. But one of her companions
from Kirklevington, Duchess 64th, by Second Duke of Oxford, was also her
daughter. Duchess 64th had given birth to Duchess 68th, and that heifer,
by Duke of Gloster, fell to Mr. Thornes bid of 300 gs. Duchess 59th, in calf
to Grand Duke when bought at Kirklevington, produced, four months later,
the bull Duke of Gloster 11,382, purchased at the Tortworth sale by Messrs.
Becar and Morris, of America, in partnership with Mr. J. S. Tanqueray, of
Hendon, Middlesex, for 65o gs. She had also a heifer in the sale, Duchess
69th, white, five months old, by Fourth Duke of York, bought at the sale
by Mr. Tanqueray for 400 gs., but subsequently added to the purchases of
Col. Gunter. Before going to America, Duchess 64th, being heavy in calf to
Fourth Duke of York, was left with Mr. S. E. Bolden, and taken to his farm
at Red Bank, near Lancaster, to calve. By an arrangement between Mr.
Bolden and Mr. Thorne, her offspring, a bull, was Mr. Boldens property
at birth, and thus appears in the Herd Book as Second Grand Duke 12,961,
bred by Mr. Bolden, although he was never absolutely the owner of the
dam.
Two of the three Oxfords bought at Kirklevington, the Sixth and Eleventh,
reappeared before the public in the Tortworth sale-ring, Oxford 2th being
absent and unrepresented, while the two former had both contributed off-
spring to the herd. The Sixth, bought at the cost of 125 gs., realised 205 gs.
at Tortworth, whilst the Eleventh, bought at the same price, just doubled
the sum. Both were bought by Mr. Tanqueray. The Sixth had bred the
Fifteenth and Sixteenth, both by Fourth Duke of York, sold severally to the
then Earl of Burlington, the late Duke of Devonshire, for 200 gs., and to
Mr. Tanqueray for i8o gs. The Eleventh had bred, in the meantime, to
Duke of Gloster, Fifth Duke of Oxford (Royal first-prize bull at Chester,
1858), bought by Lord Feversham for 300 gs. In Mr. Tanquerays hands she
afterwards produced the own brother to that bull, Sixth Duke of Oxford,
sold to Colonel Gunter for 200 gs.
A brief record of subsequent auctions at which the descendants of Mr.
Bates cattle have realised prices leaving the results of the Kirklevington and
Tortworth sales far behind may now be given.
6.9 Other famous sales of Bates cattle

Mr. J. S. Tanquerays sale, already alluded to, took place at Hendon, on
April 24, i855, when the best prices were 500 gs. for Oxford i ith (Sir R.
Gunter), 480 gs. for Oxford i6th (Messrs. Becar and Morris, U.S.A.), 280
gs. for Duke of Cambridge 12,742 (Sir Charles Knightley), 200 gs. for Sixth
Duke of Oxford (Sir R. Gunter), and 200 gs. for Barrington (Mr. Fisher,
Australia).
At Mr. Harvey Combes sale at Cobham, on March 23, 1859, Cambridge
Rose 6th was sold for 200 gs. Her heifer, The Beauty by Puritan 9523, went
to Mr. Jonas Webb at i6o gs., and Moss Rose, daughter of Cambridge Rose
6th, to Mr. Hales for 260 gs. In i86i, the first of the American bulls, Fourth
Duke of Thorndale 17,750, was sold to Mr. Hales, and at his sale in 1862 he
went at 410 gs. to the Marquis of Exeter, at Burghley. At Mr. Jonas Webbs
sale, at Babraham, in June, 1863, The Beauty and her nine descendants
realised 1253 gs. Mr. Bolden sold twenty Waterloos at Springfield in i86o,
the average price being /j92 13s. 3d. In 1862, the whole herd xvas sold
to Mr. Atherton, who disposed of the Grand Duchesses privately to Mr.
Hegan, Dawpool, Cheshire, for ooo. On account of Mr. Hegans death, in
i86 , the herd was sold, and it was arranged to have the auction carried out
by Mr. Strafford at Willis Rooms on June 7th, 1865. The event attracted
wide-spread attention, and racy notices of it were given in several of the
general newspapers. The herd, of course, was not removed from Dawpool.
The Grand Duchesses were sold in lots of three. Grand Duchesses 5th, 7th,
and 8th, realised 1900 gs.; Grand Duchesses 9th, 13th, and i8th, at 1300 gs.;
Grand Duchesses ioth, I th, and 17th, at 1800 gs., and Grand Duchesses i
ith, 12th, and 14th, at 1200 gs., all to Mr. Betts, Preston Hall. The average
for the seventeen sold was 48 3S. each. Very high prices were also realised
at the sale of Mr. E. L. Bettss herd, at Preston Hall, Aylesford, on May ist,
1867, the best being 850 gs. for Grand Duchess 17th (Captain Oliver), 710
gs. for Grand Duchess i8th (Captain Oliver), 700 gs. for Grand Duchess
19th (Mr. C. H. Dawson), 550 gs. for Grand Duchess 8th (Lord Penrhyn),
510 gs. for Grand Duke i6th (Mr. Roberts), 430 gs. for Grand Duchess
20th, and 400 gs. for Grand Duchess i ith (Lord Spencer). Others were
purchased by the Duke of Devonshire, Mr. D. McIntosh, Mr. F. Leney, Mr.
J. P.Foster, Mr. A. Brogden, and Mr. D. R. Davies. Mr. D. McIntosh had
a sale at Havering Park in May, 1867, when the best prices were 6oo gs. and
500 gs. for Oxfords.
Mr. J. 0. Sheldon, Geneva, New York, sent over for sale at the Shaw
Farm, Windsor, in the autumn of 1867, four bulls and a heifer of the Duchess
tribe, and six Oxford heifers. The sale attracted much attention, and in
Punch the following verses were printed:
The Golden Shorthorns
’Twas Strafford raised his sandglass, and Thornton held the

pen,
When to a Windsor coffee-room flocked scores of Shorthorn
men;
They crowded round the table, they fairly blocked the door
He stood champagne, did Sheldon, of Geneva, Illinois.

They talked of Oxford heifers, Duchess bulls, and how the
States
Had come into the market with another “Bit of Bates”.
Their expression is so solemn, and so earnest is their tone,
That nought would seem worth living for but “Red and White
and Roan”.
All ready for the contest I view a dauntless three
The Mcintosh from Essex, a canny chiel is he.
There’s Leney from the hopyards - ’twill be strange if he
knocks under
When once the chords are wakened of that Kentish “Son of
Thunder”.
The Talleyrand of “trainers”, is their cute, but modest, foe
Him whom the gods call “Culshaw” and men on earth call Joe;
He loves them “points all over”, with bright dew on their nose,
And in his heart of hearts is writ “a touch of Barmpton Rose.”
And sure it well might puzzle the “Gentleman in Black”,
When the three nod on by “twenties” to know which you
should back!
And sure the laws of nature must have burst each ancient
bound
When a yearling heifer fetches more than seven hundred pound.
Bulls bring their weight in bullion, and I guess we’ll hear of
more
Arriving from the pastures of Geneva, Illinois.
At this sale of Mr. J. 0. Sheldons imported stock in 1867, Mr. Leney

bought Seventh Duchess of Geneva for 700 gs.; Colonel Towneley gave 450
gs. and 400 gs. for Eighth Lady of Oxford, and Sixth Maid of Oxford; while
Mr. Leney also purchased Fourth Maid of Oxford for 300 gs. Mr. J. P.
Foster sold at Killhow, in September, i868, when the average was 67 75.
2d.; highest price, 400 gs. Another sale in that year was Mr. Stiles Richs,
with an average of 69 35. 3d., the same breeder in the following year securing
an average of 72 3s.; highest price, 650 gs. for Second Duke of Collingham.
In 1869, also, Mr. Bowly, Siddington, obtained an average of 72 ios., Mr.
Leney, 64 is. 6d., and Lord Penrhyn, 6o ios. Mr. R. E. Olivers average in
1870 was 68 IS. 3d. In 1870, Mr. D. R. Davies received an average of 73
195. 2d. ; highest price, 8oo gs. Mr. C. R. Saunders had an average of 96.
Mr. Cheneys average in 1871 was 9 13s. iod., Lord Penrhyns 76 4S. iod.,
Mr. McIntoshs 68 4s. 6d., and Messrs. F. Leney and Sons 74 3s. iod.
At the Duke of Devonshires sale of a portion of the Holker herd, on
September 6th, 1871, three females of the Oxford tribe averaged 885 los.,
and five Oxford bulls, four of which were calves, averaged 409 I os. Although
much higher prices were afterwards realised for Holker Oxfords, these av-
erages were at the time very significant of the rising tide of public favour
for the Kirklevington tribes. At the same sale, six females of the Wild Eyes
tribe sold at prices ranging between 325 and 405 gs. each; six of the Blanche
tribea tribe once possessed by Mr. Bates from 100 to 170 gs. each; and one
Barrington sold for 350 gs. This sale was a remarkably successful one, and
it is now remembered with perhaps quite as much interest and pleasure as
any one of the historical sales of Bates-blood Shorthorns. The average for
sixty-one head was 253 8s. 2d. Mr. J. P. Foster had an average of 102 IS.
6d.
In 1872, the Earl of Dunmore had a great sale at which fifty-four averaged
242 I 8s. 9d., four Oxfords averaged 910 17s. 6d., six of the Wild Eyes tribe
360 ios., and seven Kirklevingtons 35 16s. d. each, other tribes fetching
proportionate averages according to their respective positions in public
estimation, the highest prices being 1200 gs., 1010 gs., 86o gs., and 805 gs.
Messrs. John Harward and Isaac Downing had a sale near Kidderminster,
where Eighth Duke of Geneva 28,390 was sold to Messrs. F. Leney and
Son for i6 o gs., the highest known sum, up to that time, ever realised in
England for a single specimen of any breed of cattle. The Lally-Barrington,
Wild Eyes, and Kirklevington tribes were very high in favour at that sale.
Mr. Bowlys average that year was 153 7s.; highest price, 906 gs. for Second
Duke of Tregunter.
Many great averages at various sales all show how high was the esti-
mation in which the Shorthorns of the Bates strains were held; whilst the
respectable prices obtained since the close of the fashion fever-period of
Shorthorn history, and the positions taken in the show yards by Shorthorns
oxvning that strain in large proportion, afford even stronger evidence of
their intrinsic worth for crossing with other Shorthorns. Lord Braybrookes
unique herd, with the Cambridge or Thorndale and Heydon Roses as its
principal feature, deserves separate notice ; and the history of the Grand
Duchesses, with the rise of the Cherry Duchess tribe, forms a still more
strikingly peculiar episode. The Wetherby Duchesses likewise claim special
consideration.
In 1872, Lord Penrhyns sale at Wicken Park averaged 210 155. 4d.;
highest prices, 755 gs., 555 gs., 550 gs., and 505 gs. (seven Cherry Duchesses
averaged 447 I 5s., and seven Waterloos 423). Mr. E. H. Cheney sold thirty-
five at an average of 294 105. 2d. Twelfth Duchess of Geneva went at 935
gs. to Sir Wilfrid Lawson, and Fourteenth Lady of Oxford to Lord Bective
for 705 gs. Mr. H. J. Sheldon obtained an average of 128 135. 6d.
In order to complete this running commentary we may now briefly men-
tion here two very prominent salesthat of Mr. Samuel Campbells herd at
New York Mills, U.S.A., on September 10, 1873, and the sale of a portion
of the Earl of Dunmores herd at Dunmore, Stirling, in August, 1875.
At the New York Mills sale, the averages, calculated on the paper cur-
rency of the United States, were for ninety- three cows and heifers 79 8s.;
for sixteen bulls and bull- calves, 403 i6s.; and for the herd of one hundred
and nine animals, 734 los. 2d., making an aggregate of 8o,o6i 9S. The fifteen
Duchesses and Dukes averaged 3679 each, and the nine Oxfords which were
sold averaged 826 each. On a gold basis, however, the average works out at
626 Is. 7d. At Dunmore the averages were 576 55. 6d. each for thirty cows,
heifers, and heifer-calves, 992 i6s. 8d. each for nine bulls and bull-calves,
and a general average of 672 8s. for the thirty-nine animals, making a sum
total of 26,223 I 5s The bull, Duke of Connaught 33,604, was bought by Lord
Fitzhardinge for 4500 gs., and Third Duke of Hillhurst 30,975 became Mr.
J. W. Larkings property at 3000 gs. This famous sale is noticed at greater
length elsewhere. In July, 1874, Messrs. Leney and Sons had an average
of 221 i6s. 8d. for forty-one head, Fourth Grand Duchess of Geneva being
purchased by Sir R. Loder for 2000 gs. An average of 383 M I 3s. 3d. was
realised at the Duke of Devonshires sale at Holker in 1874. Grand Duchess
of Oxford ith went to Mr. George Moore for 1000 gs., Grand Duchess of
Oxford 12th to Mr. Brogden for 1010 gs., and Baroness Oxford 3rd to Mr.
Holford for 1100 guineas. The average for eleven Oxfords was 691 I IS. 3(1.
The Earl of Bective in the same year sold fifty-five head at an average of
363 LtS. 6d., Cherry Queen going to Mr. Larking for 1220 gs. Mr. E. Fl.
Cheneys sale averaged 419 IS. id, Duchess of Airdrie 8th being purchased
by Mr. D. McIntosh for 1700 gs., and Duchess of Gloster by Sir Curtis
Lampson for 1785 gs.
In 1875, Sir Nigel Kingscote received an average of 179 4s. 8d. for
forty:head, and Mr. E. Bowly 207 i8s. 8d. for thirty head. Lord Penrhyns
average for thirty-one head was 257 17s. 3d.; Mr. D. McIntoshs, 114 15s.
6d. for twenty-nine head; Mr. J. W. Philips, i6o 7s. 4d. for forty-one head;
and Messrs. Leney and Sons, 212 6s. 6d. for thirty- seven head.
Mr. James Fawcett offered fifty-six head at Scaleby in 1875, which av-
eraged io6 is. 9d.; highest price, IOQO gs. for Eighth Duke of York (Mr.
Holford). Lord Lathoms (then Lord Skelmersdale) sale, in 1875, averaged
149 IA. for forty head. Mr. G. Moores sale at Whitehall, in September,
1876, averaged 309 Os. 9d., Grand Duchess of Oxford ith going to Sir C.
Lampson for 2000 gs., and Grand Duchess of Oxford 31st to the Duke of
Devonshire for 1000 gs. Mr. A. Brogden and Mr. XV. Ashburner made an
average in th same month of 240 19s. 3dMr. Brogdens selection averaging
270 i6s. 6d., Mr. Ashburners 223 I 3s. Mr. Sheldon, Brailes, had an aver-
age of 162 8s. 2d. for thirty-one head. Lord Fitzhardinge sold twenty-one
head in 1876 at an average of i 19 3s.; Sir W. H.Salt, thirty-four head at an
average of i 17 lOs. 9d.; Mr. E. J. Coleman, forty-three head at an average
of 133 0s. 8d., Third Duke of Gloster going to Mr. Cheney for 1250 gs.; Mr.
W. XV. Slye, twenty-two head at an average of 99 15s. 9d. Mr. J. P. Foster,
forty-four head at an average of i6 Is. 9d., with 920 gs. for Siddington 12th;
Mr. W. Angerstein, forty- three at 197 us. 5d., Velvet Eyes going to Mr.
Rhodes at 900 gs., and Wild Eyes 32nd at 8oo gs. to Lord Penrhyn, while
Duke of Rothesay was secured at 2000 gs. by Mr. H. J. Sheldon.
In 1877, among the averages were 147 14s. 9d. (Mr. G. Fox) and
i I 3 75. 4d. (Mr. W. Ashburner and Mr. R. Lodge). Hon. M. H.
Cochrane sent from Canada a number of animals for sale at Millbeckstock,
when sensational prices were realized: Fifth Duchess of Hillhurst went to the
Earl of Bective for 4300 gs., Third Duchess of Hillhurst to Sir R. Loder for
4100 gs., Marchioness of Barrington for 8oo gs. to Sir W. H. Salt, and Second
Duke of Hillhurst to Mr. A. H. Longman for 8oo gs. Mr. E. H. Cheney
sold in September, 1877, at an average of 532 13s. 8d. for twenty-five head.
Thirteenth Duchess of Oxford fell to Sir R. Loder for 2200 gs., Thirteenth
Lady of Oxford to Sir H. Allsopp for 1900 gs., Tenth Maid of Oxford to Lord
Bective for 1605 gs., Eleventh Maid of Oxford to Mr. H. Lovatt for 1400
gs., and Seventh Duke of Gloster to the Duke of Devonshire for 1850 gs.
Mr. R. E. Oliver and Sir R. Loder sold sixty-four head in September, 1877,
at an average of 227 13s. 9d., Mr. Olivers averaging 355 i6s. 2d. Grand
Duchess 23rd fell to Lord Bective for 2750 gs., Grand Duchess 29th to Sir H.
Allsopp for 2450 gs., Grand Duchess 4th to Lord Skelmersdale for i8oo gs.,
Grand Duke 31st to Lord Bective for 1550 gs., and Grand Duke 29th to Sir
G. R. Philips fur 1000 gs. The five Grand Duchesses averaged 1733 9s. Lord
Penrhyn in May, 1878, had an average of 119 9S. 2d.; Mr. J. W. Larking,
Cansiron, 3 8s. 6d. for fifty-two head, Third Duke of Hillhurst making 1530
gs. to Sir C. Lampson; Mr. J. D. A. Samuda, Chillies, 136 7s. 6d. for
forty-three; Mr. T. Holford, 198 us, for thirty-seven; Mr. G. Fox, 104 5S.
2d. for thirty- four; and Mr. Thos. Wilson, 123 us. id. for fifty-six. The
Duke of Devonshire on September i8th, 1878, sold thirty head at an average
of 664 us. uod.; Grand Duchess of Oxford 22nd went to Mr. McCulloch
for 2100 gs., Baroness Oxford 5th to Mr. D. McIntosh for 2550 gs., Grand
Duchess of Oxford 38th to Sir John Swinburne for 1450 gs., Grand Duchess
of Oxford 40th to Mr. S. P. Foster for i6oo gs., Grand Duchess of Oxford
21st to Lord Penrhyn for 1550 gs., Duke of Oxford 44th to Mr. H. A. Brassey
for i65o gs., and Duke of Oxford 45th to Lord Fitzhardinge for 1500 gs. The
seven Oxfords averaged 1636 5s. At Mr. A. Brogdens sale, at Stonecross, in
September, 1878, fifteen averaged 290 3s. Lord Fitzhardinge sold thirty-two
head at Berkeley, in March, 1879, at an average of 147 9s. u od. At Colonel
Kingscotes sale, in March, 1879, Oxford Belle 5th made 1100 gs.
The great sale of 1879 was the dispersion of the Earl of Dunmores herd,
in August, when fifty-four animals averaged 241 14s. 3d., Duchess I 17th
going to Sir H. Allsopp for 3200 gs., and Duchess i 14th to the same buyer for
2700 gs., while Duke of Cornwall 2nd made 1250 gs. to Sir C. M. Lampson.
Other sales in 1879 were Mr. H. Lovatts, at Low Hill; average, 87 3s.;
Messrs. Leneys, at Orpines, average, 2 4s. Lord Braybrookes, at Audley
End, average 181 8s. (Thorn- dale Rose 7th going to Sir H. Allsopp for 1000
gs., Thorn- dale Rose 9th to Lord Bective for 900 gs., with an average for
seven Thorndale Roses of 590). Lord Skelmersdales average was 282 ios.,
highest price 2000 gs. for Duchess of Ormskirk. Mr. E. H. Cheney, in
September, 1879, had an average of 72 I 7s. 6d.
The year 1879 will long be remembered by breeders as a season of agri-
cultural disaster, and prices of Bates Short- horns suffered in the general
depression that followed, the averages diminishing, though some high rates
xvere occasionally paid for superior specimens of these strains. Mr. H.
Lovatts sale averaged 68 19s., in May, i88o; and Lord Bectives average in
September, i 88o, was 90 I 5s. Duchess of Underley 3rd going to Lord Fever-
sham for 2000 gs. Lord Penrhyn sold thirty-seven in October, 88o, at an
average of 89 15S. 9d.
At the Duke of Manchesters sale, in July, i88i, Oxford Mary went to
Sir H. Allsopp for 1110 gs., the average being 92 7s. id.; Mr. S. P. Fosters
average in September, i88i, j9i 14s. 5d.; Mr. T. Holfords average in July,
1883, 200 6s. 7d.; Duchess of Leicester going to Lord Bective for 1505 gs.,
and Duchess of Leicester 3rd to Lord Fitzhardinge for 1150 gs. The Duke
of Devonshires average in September, 1883, was 162 Is. 2d. ; highest price,
gs. Captain Olivers average in May, 1884, was 281 6s. ; highest prices, 1120
gs. for Grand Duchess 42nd, io6o gs. for Grand Duchess 39th and 1005
gs. for Grand Duchess 41st. Sir R. Loders average in May, 1884, was s 3s.
9d.; highest price, 650 gs. for Duchess of Wappenham. Messrs. F. Leney
and Sons average in July, 1884, was 99 i6s. 2d.; highest price, 1100 gs. for
Grand Duchess of Geneva 8th; Sir H. Allsopps, at Hindlip, in May, i885, i I
5 3s. i id. for eighty-three head; highest price, 66o gs. for Duchess 124th.
Sir Curtis M. Lampsons, in 1885, 34 ios. for forty-three; highest prices, 6io
gs. for Grand Duchess 39th to Mr. Herbert Leney, and 500 gs. for Duchess
of Leicester to Mr. J. J. Hill, U.S.A. Lord I3raybrookes, in June, 1885, 107
i8s.; highest price, 500 gs. for Thorndale Rose 24th. At Mr. S. P. Fosters
sale in i886, Duchess of Killhow sold for 505 gs. In 1887 the best prices
were 500 gs. at Underley, 225 gs. at Mr. Herbert Leneys sale, and 205 gs.
at Mr. H. A. Brasseys. At Lord Fevershams, in i888, the average was 88
as.; highest price, 1000 gs. for Duke of York 9th to Messrs. Getting and
Sons, South America; Duchess of York 5th making 300 gs. to the Prince of
Wales. A Duchess heifer belonging to Mr. S. P. Foster sold for 405 gs., and
at Messrs. Leneys sale a Grand Duchess sold at 260 gs. Sir Robert Loders
average at Whittlebury, in 1889, was 96 Os. 9d.; highest price, 510 gs. for
Duchess of Whittlebury 13th; and the Duke of Devon- shires, at Holker, in
September of the same year, 104 13s., highest price, 285 gs. for Duchess of
Holker 3rd. At Mr. A. H.Lloyds sale also held in 1889 a young Duchess cow
sold for 425 gs.
From that date the agricultural depression and other changes led to great
depreciation in the value of Bates and other strains, and for a long period
prices ruled low, but about 1904 a distinct revival set in, and since then
there has been a gradual increase in the demand for those old lines of blood
and good prices have been obtained for them. At Mr. Joseph Harris sale in
September, 1907, twelve animals of the Duchess tribe averaged 192.
Some account will be found elsewhere of the other great herds of Bates
cattle, both in this country and the United States. These include refer-
ences to the celebrated collections at Wetherby, Holker, Dunmore, Under-
ley, Springfield, Gad- desby, Duncombe Park, Havering Park, The Orpines,
Kings- cote, Berkeley, and many other places in the United Kingdom, as
well as to Messrs. Alexanders, Campbells, Sheldons and Renicks famous
stocks in America.
Chapter 7
Famous early breeders and

historic herds
For a good many years the Booth and Bates blood was so prominently in the
public eye that comparatively little attention was paid to the proceedings of
contemporary breeders, though a number of them were working quietly on
independent lines and developing strains that have done much to place the
Short- horn in the position it holds to-day. These men founded a number of
choice families outside the lines of the two rival houses, and it is a satisfaction
to be able to record some facts concerning their careers. The first name on
this list, that of Colonel Towneley, for some time occupied quite as prominent
a position as several of the breeders who have already been noticed. Sir
Charles Knightley, too, did much for the breed, especially in the foundation
of tribes still noted for their milking properties. Then George Coates, the
first editor of the Herd Book, goes still further back with his good herd.
Wilkinson, of Lenton, also claims detailed notice. There are also Messrs.
Wetherell, Thos. Chrisp, S. Wiley, A. L. and J. C. Maynard, H. Ambler, J.
C. Adkins, B. Wilson, and others, several of whom deserve even fuller notice
than they have received, for their services to Shorthorn improvement were
of the highest value.
7.1 Colonel Towneley

There is unquestionably more than one way to success in Shorthorn breed-
ing. In many particulars the Towneley practice and its results stand out
distinctly from the mass of Shorthorn history. They afford examples of the
good which may be done continuously with miscellaneous materials, so long
as those materials are suitable and are handled with competent skill, and
the purposes and objects of the breeder are clearly defined.
Breeding at Towneley was assuredly conducted with defined objects in
view. It was no haphazard work, nor was it for the purpose of producing
149
150CHAPTER 7. FAMOUS EARLY BREEDERS AND HISTORIC HERDS
merely good Shorthorns, without reference to the class of goodness to which

the breeding at Towneley should tend. Exquisite symmetry in the struc-
ture was combined with beautiful style, but style without true proportion
in the frame and flesh was not for one moment considered as admissible.
The standard which the majority of judges approved as the true standard of
Shorthorn merit was adopted, and the decisions of judges appointed by agri-
cultural associations were accepted as authoritative pronouncements. Hair,
of course, such hair as best pleases judicial fingers, was studiously cultivated,
and as studiously retained from the departure of its proper season, winter,
to the height of summer.
The Shorthorn name most distinctively associated with Towneley, that of
Butterfly, has been distributed over a group rather than confined to a tribe
of lineal descendants from one cow. Originating in Butterfly by Jeweller
10,354, it was transferred through her sons, Master Butterfly 13,311, and
Royal Butterfly 16862, to their descendants of other female lines, and it has
been given to collateral branches of the tribe to which the original Butterfly
belonged, that of Barmpton Rose. Tracing the original Butterflys pedigree,
ve find the pedigree of her granddam, Barmpton Rose, bred by Mr. Waldy,
of Barmpton, showing four registered sires. The sire first in chronological
order, and, therefore, last in the pedigree, is Mr. Wetherells Denton 198, a
son of Comet 155; next, Comus i86i, a son of Mr. Robert Collings Meteor
431 by Comet; next, Mr. Wetherells Belzoni 1709, by Mr. Robert Collings
North Star 459, oxvn brother to the dam of the celebrated White Heifer
that Travelled; and, lastly, sire of Barmpton Rose, the bull locally, and
in his day commonly, called Son of Young Eryholme, but duly registered
as Expectation 1988, a bull, like most of Mr. Waldys Shorthorns, very
full of Mr. Robert Coilings strain of blood. The name of Barmpton Rose
was, therefore, appropriate, not only in commemoration of the cows birth
at Barmpton, but also as suggestive of her descent from the historic herd
dispersed there in 1818-20. Such was the breeding of the cow which, in the
hands of that great Lincolnshire breeder, Mr. H. Watson, Walkeringham,
gave birth to Buttercup by Garrick 3863, a bull bred by Mr. Edge, Strelly
Hall, Nottingham, from the stock, principally, of Mr. Smith, another famous
Lincolnshire breeder, of West Rasen. It was by the union of this daughter
of Garrick and Barmpton Rose with Mr. John Booths Jeweller 10,354 that
Colonel Towneley bred his ever-famous Butterfly, the first-prize cow at the
Royal Show held at Lewes in 1852, and dam of two most highly-valued
bulls of their time Master Butterfly ii, the Royal first-prize full-aged bull
at Chelmsford, in 1856, and Royal Butterfly 16,862, winner of Royal first
honours in the same class at Canterbury, in I 860both sons of Frederick
11,489.
Jeweller, the sire of Butterfly, combined the blood of both the famous
twins, Mr. John Booths Necklace and Bracelet. He was bred from virtually,
not literally and absolutely, own brother and sister. He had but three grand-
7.1. COLONEL TOWNELEY 151
parents. Leonard 4210, 50 to state the case, was both his grandfathers in
one, and the twin sisters, Necklace and Bracelet, were his two grandmoth-
ers. His sire, Hamlet, was by Leonard, from Bracelet, and his dam, Jewel,
also by Leonard, from Necklace. He was a plain bull, but an exceptionally
good sire, under favouring conditions, as he had nothing in him but blood
which came from those two exceedingly beautiful cows, in the proportion
of one-half, and from Leonard, a most excellent sire, in the proportion of
one-half. Buttercups daughter, Butterfly by Jeweller, although like her sire,
red-and-white of not the most desirable shade or distribution of colour, was
a cow of singular excellence and beauty.
Frederick 11,489, the sire of a large number of the Towneley prize-
winners, including Master Butterfly and Royal Butterfly, was a grandson
of Barmpton Rose through her daughter Bessy, by Mr. Waldys Thick Hock
66oi, sometimes called Waldys Roan Bull 5585, twice entered, with a slight
difference in the records, his entry as Waldys Roan Bull making him the
son of Matchem 4th 4421, and his entry as Thick Hock stating that he was
by Matchem 3rd, without a number, but undoubtedly meant for Mr. Baker
Greenwells bull of that name, numbered 4420, the sire of Matchem 4th 4421,
also Mr. Baker Greenwells. There is in the Herd Book, from want of colla-
tion in the early volumes, a little variation in the ending of the pedigree of
the Third and Fourth Matchem bulls, which, besides being father and son,
were both of one line. The most remote sire in the record, in both cases,
should be described as Mr. C. Collings Son of Favourite 253. These figures
refer to the entry of the son and not of the sire, whose number is 252. The
bull numbered 253 was the sire of Cupid 177, and was from Mr. C. Coilings
Old Cherry.
Bessy, like her half-sister, Buttercup, became the property of Colonel
Towneley. Barmpton Rose, successively owned by her breeder (Mr. Waldy),
by Mr. Wetherell, and by Mr. H. Watson, passed into the possession of Sir
Charles Tempest, in whose herd she bred a heifer in 1844.
Frederick, in appearance, has been considered by some critics of Short-
horn character as nothing much to look at, but he was, to the writers distinct
recollection, a bull of very remarkable presence, lean indeed, but shapely
enough in frame, with a very high-carried, shortish, and well-cut head, eyes
that rolled almost out of their sockets upon his cheeks, a loose hide, and
thick coat of hair. He had not, as a young bull, displayed any extraordinary
merit. Either not required, or not thought good enough, for the Towne-
ley herd, he had gone elsewhere, but his offspring from that breeders stock
were so far above the average of calves from ordinary cows, even by pedigree
Shorthorn bulls (showing the characteristics of highly-bred Shorthorns), that
it was impossible to doubt the bulls intense and most valuable potency as
a sire. Frederick, therefore, returned to Towneley, his birthplace, where he
confirmed, by the super-excellence of his pure-bred progeny, the estimate of
his powers formed from the character he had stamped upon the offspring of
ordinary dairy cows.

During the reign of Frederick, and under his influence, extended through
his sons and grandsons, the Butterfly bulls, the Towneley herd gained that
uniformity of model symmetry which distinguished its representatives at the
shows and the herd itself when brought into the sale ring, after several years
of immense success in the show yard.
Colonel Towneley, as the proprietor and potential founder and breeder
of the herd at Towneley, has been justly classed among the foremost Short-
horn breeders of a period when the influences of wealth and social position
in support of the Shorthorn interest were especially needed. He was under-
stood to have taken up the Shorthorn partly from a feeling of real pleasure in
knowing that he possessed, and in seeing about him, animals of great worth
and beauty, and partly from what may be termed public spiritedness, or the
sense of his power to confer, indirectly, a benefit upon the country, by his
patronage of a breed of cattle capable of meeting the demands of the coun-
try on account of its many exceedingly useful properties. But the judgment
which decided the selections of stock and directed the details of breeding
was not that of Colonel Towneley, who had in his agent, Mr. Eastwood, an
excellent judge. Mr. Eastwood used to make no secret of his indebtedness to
Mr. John Booth, the elder, of Killerby, as the master at whose feet he had
gained his knowledge and acquired his judgment. Then, in the more imme-
diate managing director of the Towneley herd, Colonel Towneley had both
an enthusiastic admirer of Shorthorns and a practical manager possessing
consummate skill, Is it necessary to say that these important qualifications
for the successful breeding of a Shorthorn herd gave Joseph Culshaw his al-
most unrivalled and unsurpassed power of breeding and training Shorthorns
for the show yard? It was marvellous to notice, year after year, to what
a degree of excellence Culshaw could grow the Towneley cows and heifers,
and yet have them all safe in calf. He was not in the habit of working up
a temporary triumph for the day of exhibition, accepting the disqualifica-
tion which might shortly follow. His aim, on the contrary, was to win the
solid substance of the prize cup or cash, as the case might beand not the
rosette alone, thus gaining permanent honours. In this aim he was most
wonderfully steady and sure.
The first great Towneley herd was dispersed on the 17th of March,
1864. It consisted of forty-seven cows, heifers, and heifer-calves, and eleven
bulls and bull-calves. Five tribes were represented by the females and the
Towneley-bred bulls, and one purchased bull, Baron Hopewell 14,134, bred
by Mr. Barnes, in Ireland, alone represented a sister tribe, that of Mr.
John Booths Mantalini. The five Towneley tribes were those of Barmpton
Rose, Blanche, Bracelet, Madaline, and Venilia or Verbena. The Barmpton
Roses numbered twenty-five females, and five bulls of this tribe brought up
the total number to thirty, two of which, the three-year-old heifer Butterflys
Ringlet and the bull Royal Butterfly, were the only animals unsold, the heifer
7.2. MR. RICHARD EASTWOOD 153
being ill and therefore not offered, and the bull offered subject to a reserve
of 1200 gs., beyond which there xvas no bid, thus leaving twenty-eight sold.
The Blanche, or Sockburn, tribe, best known at Towneley as the Roan
Duchess branch of the tribe, comprised eight females and one bull; the
Bracelet tribe of Killerby, six females and two bulls; the Madaline tribe
of Killerby, four females and one bull; and the Venilia, or Verbena, tribe,
a branch tribe from Mr. Charles Collings Countess through Sir Charles
Tempests Venilia, and sometimes called the Vestris branch tribe, had four
females and one male as its representatives in the Towneley sale. These, with
the purchased Mantalini bull, Baron Hopewell, make a total of fifty-six ani-
mals of which forty-six were cows and heifers and ten bulls and bull-calves,
actually sold. The females made an average of ( 123 19s. 4d., and the bulls
averaged (exclusive, of course, of the reserve) 148 3s. 7d. The company
around the sale ring was estimated to number nearly three thousand per-
sons. Altogether, the first Towneley herd, in its breeding records at home,
in its records of show-yard honours, and in its record of prices realised at its
dispersion, was an immense success, reflecting the highest credit upon the
management which effected such brilliant results.
Colonel Towneley formed another herd, and had a fair share of success;
but there was nothing of the glory which invested and illuminated that whose
dispersion we have noticed. He died November 4th, 1876, aged seventy-three
years, and the country lost a Shorthorn breeder whose services to the world
were no less considerable than his extraordinary success as an exhibitor.
7.2 Mr. Richard Eastwood

Lancashire has produced many celebrated breeders of Shorthorns, but few
were more remarkable than Mr. Richard Eastwood, whose name must al-
ways hold a prominent place in the history and the literature of Shorthorn
breeding. Mr. Eastwood was admitted to the legal profession and afterwards
became agent on the large estates of Colonel Towneley. He took a small
farm and began, as many people have done, by purchasing some middling
Shorthorns, which were soon found to be unsatisfactory and unprofitable,
and were accordingly disposed of. At the York Show, in 1842, he saw and
greatly admired a heifer named Buttercup, which, in after years, became the
dam of the world-renowned cow Butterfly, born at Towneley Park. Butter-
cups dam was the well-known Barmpton Rose. It was Mr. Henry Watson,
her breeder, who exhibited Buttercup at the Yorkshire Show in 1842, and at
a later period Mr. Eastwood bought her when that gentleman sold out his
herd. On the Walkeringham sale morning Mr. Eastwood met Earl Ducie,
who asked him, Which do you come for? Well, my lord, that is hardly a
fair question, was the reply, but if you like, as Im pretty certain we are both
after the same cows, we will each write their names on a piece of paper.
This they did, and both wrote Buttercup and Princess Royal. It was then
arranged that Lord Ducie xvould not oppose Mr. Eastwood for Buttercup,
which he secured for 130 gs. Princess Royal went to Tortworth, as before
mentioned, at 230 gs. From Mr. Lax Mr. Eastwood purchased Duke 9032,
of Cherry blood by Mehemet Ali, a very noted bull, and much admired by
Mr. William Torr, who bid 300 gs. for him in vain. Duke became the sire of
Frederick 11,489, which was destined subsequently to become great, as he
was the sire of some of the best Shorthorns in England. Mr. Eastwood had
long been impressed with the merits of the Killerby herd, and xvhen Harslo-
nio, of Lax blood, died, he hired Jeweller from Mr. John Booth. In 1848,
Mr. Eastwood sold his entire herd, which numbered some twenty head, to
Colonel Towneley. Frederick and Butterfly were not then born, so that the
Colonel had the merit of being known as their breeder.
Among the twenty were Blanche 5th by Mr. Bates renowned Duke of
Northumberland and Roan Duchess by Whittington, out of Red Duchess by
Second Cleveland Lad. These were bought of Mr. Wetherell, who had the
pleasure of seeing Roan Duchess 2nd by Frederick beating all England when
shown by Colonel Towneley. It may be added that Mr. Eastwood held the
Towneley commission at the Killerby sale, in 1853, and bought, at 105 gs.,
a grand cow, Pearly, of the Bracelet tribe, whose descendants made 500 gs.
apiece. For many years this eminent judge xvas quite happy in watching
the great success of the Towneley herd in the days of its glory, of which he
had laid the foundation. In his hands the cattle not only won the highest
honours year after year, but, furthermore, they bred regularly and produced
healthy calves. As he grew older, however, he determined to take his place
once again among those who were carrying off the show-yard trophies of
plate and the gaily-coloured rosettes, and he proceeded to establish a small
but very select herd in the valley of the Hodder Side. He held about iooo
acres in the lowland, and about 4000 on the fell, and he kept between 2000
and 3000 sheep. Among the most remarkable of the cows which were early
purchased for the ne v herd was the beautiful Rosette, which he secured
from Mr. W. Wetherell, and which he regarded as one of the sxveetest
coxvs he ever saw. Her magnificent proportions, her lovely head, and her
grand milk bag made her the cynosure of every eye, and were an education
to many a man in Munster. There were several daughters from her, and
full of flesh as she was, her fine milking qualities kept her prolific to a good
age. Emma, a cow of great merit, completed in Ireland what Rosette had
begun, and brought home the Purcell Challenge Cup to be a permanent
ornament on the Thorneyholme buffet, and she bred a fine bull named Duke
of Bowland. The Hero, a grand white, bore away the first-prize rosette at
the Royal Show at Worcester. At the Towneley sale Mr. Eastwood bought
several of the best lots. For Royal Butterflys Pageant he bid 500 gs., and
xvas at once greeted with a hearty cheer all round the ring, and he at last
secured her at 590 gs. On that memorable day he bought three daughters of
7.3. SIR CHARLES KNIGHTLEY 155
Royal Butterflynamely, Young Barmpton Rose, Alice Butterfly, and Royal

Butterflys Pageantat an average of 413 gs. each. He also took away Phcebe
Butterfly by the Duke of Wharfedale, out of Double Butterfly, a daughter
of The Royal. Being in failing health in 1871, Mr. Eastwood thought it
well to dispose of his Shorthorns, and finding that Mr. Jonathan Peel, of
Knowlmere, his neighbour, was to have a sale, he decided to offer his cattle
at the same time. Accordingly, on April 26, 1871, the fifteen animals were
sold at Whitewell. Twelve cows and heifers averaged 202 4S. 3d. three bulls
and calves 98 7s.; fifteen averaged i8i 8s. 9d., and made a total of 2722.
At the time of the sale Mr. East- wood was so weak that he could not be
present, but he was greatly pleased with the excellent result, and said that
the sale realised /1000 more than he had expected. He expired on the 29th
of the following May, in his seventieth year.
7.3 Sir Charles Knightley

Thirty years to make a herd. That was Mr. Torrs calculation of the length
of time necessary to the perfect illustration of any one original minds ideal
of Shorthorn merit, by a herd of living animals, a herd bred up to one mans
notions of perfection. A man may go with money in his pocket and buy
a good herd, either in the lump or by selections out of various herds; and
may do it all within the space of a few months, weeks, days, or even hours.
He may buy his foundation stock so judiciously and breed so well up to
the standard of the merit of his first purchases, that when ten or twenty
years have passed, his herd is not one whit worseit may be, indeed, on the
whole, betterthan the foundation stock. But if Mr. Torr was right, the
breeders mind and taste and judgment do not become recognisable in the
character of his herd until about thirty years of his life have been spent in
working out his design. Perhaps we may not improperly call the impress of
a master breeders mind, a sub-type. Mr. Bates, Mr. Richard Booth, Sir
Charles Knightley, Mr. Richard Stratton, and other real master breeders of
Shorthorns, did not lose the distinctive type of the high-class Shorthorn, but
each of them added to that type something which distinguished his cattle
in common from the cattle of every other breeder of Shorthorns. To create
and fix a sub-type is the work for which Mr. Torr allowed thirty years. Sir
Charles Knightley accomplished that work in thirty years.
There are a few misty years - as in the case of most eminent breeders,
who begin without the least notion of ever being eminent - and then we
trace the first appearance of the noble families of Fawsley. They come out
like stars in the twilight, one by one, scarcely distinguishable at first, then
gaining lustre. We shall be somewhere near the mark, however, if we fix
the year 1826 as the starting-point, and, assuredly, 1856 was the year of
the grand dispersion of Sir Charles Knightleys herd. A few animals were
retained, and breeding went on for a short time at Fawsley, but it was only
like the aftermath as compared with the general hay crop of the year. Add
to the thirty years of Sir Charless development of his herd, down to the
period of his sale in 1856, the years that have since passed, and we have a
date somewhere about eighty years back as the point at which the Fawsley
herd began to grow on its own roots.
The process of thinning out in other famous herds has been noticed.
The herd of Mr. Bates, for example, casting off some tribes which had
been favourably associated with it, had been reduced to six tribes when he
died and his Shorthorns were publicly sold. That of Sir Charles Knightley,
dropping the direct line of the Sylph tribe and a few other tribes, some of
which have been already mentioned, was confined to five tribes represented
by cows and heifers, at the sale in 1856, with the addition only of two tribes,
represented by bulls, used as sires. Those bulls were Earl of Dublin 10,178, of
the Princess tribe, much in-bred, and Duke of Cambridge 12,742, combining
Mr. Bates Duchess and Cambridge Rose tribes.
The five tribes represented by cows and heifers in the sale of i856 are
those of Walnut, which contributed twenty-one females and ten males; Quickly,
fifteen and six of the sexes respectively; Rosy, five and three; Primrose, four
and three; and Ruby, three and two; making altogether, forty-eight coWs,
heifers, and heifer-calves, twenty-five bulls, and seventy-three of all ages
and both sexes. The tribes are here mentioned in their order of numerical
strength, taking the female strength in preference where two are equal in
the aggregate.
The Walnut tribe traces back to a bull bred by Mr. Charge. That, no
doubt, was a good and well-bred Shorthorn, but his identity is not estab-
lished. The next after him is Wyvilles Bull, whose breeding is equally in
the dark; and then comes White Boy I 5 8o, the sire of Walnut. White
Boy, calved at Fawsley in 1826, was by Mr. Booths Governor, and his dam,
Livia, was purchased from Mr. Booth. This Livia, although not represented
by direct descendants in the sale catalogue, was one of the sources from
which the Fawsley blood was drawn, not only through White Boy, the sire
of Walnut, but also through Swing 2721, her son and grandson (White Boy
being his sire), and Swings daughter Quickly. The inter- crossing of Fawsley
tribes subsequently distributed that blood.
Quickly was remotely descended from a cow by Globe 278, a son of
Foljambe. The Globe cow bred a daughter to Mr. Charles Collings Butterfly
104, the son of his Cupid and Old Cherry; that daughter bred a heifer by an
own brother to Mr. Robert Collings celebrated White Heifer (the travelling
wonder), and that heifer, in turn, in the hands of Major Rudd, bred Violet,
by Mr. C. Collings Petrarch 488, one of Comets sons, from Venus, of Comets
own tribe. Violet passed into the possession of Major Bower, and bred
Valuable by Defender i g, of Mr. C. Collings Old Daisy tribe. Valuable
became the property of Sir C. Knightley, and at Fawsley bred A-la-mode by
Mr. Booths Argus 759. A-la-mode was the dam of the coxv from which the
tribal name. was taken, Quickly, a daughter, as we have seen, of the pure
Booth bull Swing 2721.
Rosy had her family source in a cow by Mr. R. Collings Styford 629,
whose daughter was by Mr. C. Collings Sir Dimple 594, and granddaughter
by Mr. Robertsons Satellite 1420. The Fawsley herd in its earlier genera-
tions, indeed, was much indebted to the Ladykirk blood. Satellite was by
both sire and dam descended from General Simsons magnificent bull Sul-
tan, so that Roses pedigree combined some of the choicest blood of those
grand old Scotch herds at Pitcorthie and Ladykirk. The next sire, that of
Rosy herself, was Miss Wrights Rob Roy 557. Rosy was bred by Mr. Barker,
of Layton.
Primrose, traced to a cow by the Studley White Bull 627, through the
Twin and Simmon family of Mr. Charge, through cows by Favourite 252,
Western Comet 689, and Billy 787 (a son of Western Comet), and her own
sire was Mr. Donkins Scipio I42I, whose blood on both sides of his pedigree
came from Barmpton. Primrose was bred by Mr. Charge, and, passing into
the Fawsley herd, became the head of an excellent tribe.
Ruby, the head of the last of the five tribes of Fawsley, bred by Mr.
Parker, of Sutton House, near Malton, passed through the hands of Sir
George Cook into those of the Right Hon. C. Arbuthnot, the breeder of her
daughter, Pearl, by Rufus, one of Mr. Arbuthnot9s own bulls; and Pearl was
bought by Sir C. Knightley. Her dam, Ruby (whose name has become that of
the tribe), was a daughter of that extraordinary bull, Joblings Wellington
683, alias Rockingham, to whose vast impressive power reference has been
made. She had, beyond him, a double cross of Mr. C. Collings Windsor
698, and the most remote dam on her record was by an own brother to Mr.
R. Collings North Star 459.
Thus we have traced the foundation dams of the five tribes retained by
Sir Charles until his sale in 1856.
Upon the five foundations just noticed those of Rosy, Ruby, Primrose,
Quickly, and Walnut Sir Charles Knightley built his herd. Other tribes be-
sides those here named were represented in the Fawsley herd between the
years 1826-56, but were not retained in line direct representation to the
time of sale, although some of them contributed to the material of the herd
through sons used as sires in the finally adopted tribes. Although the five
foundations were not all laid at once, they must be regarded as forming the
base of the structure. Three of the principal sires which contributed to the
composition of the super-structure were bred by the Right Hon. Charles
Arbuthnot Norman 2379, Marcellus 2260, and Little John 4232. Norman,
own brother to Pearl by Rufus from Ruby, one of the foundation cows, was
full of fine old Colling blood, of which one strain came through Mr. Masons
Northampton, the sire of Rufus, Normans sire; and there was, as stated in
the note upon the Ruby tribe, the blood of Mr. Joblings famous Wellington,
alias Rockingham. Mar- cellus (calved in 1835) by Mr. Arbuthnots Dandy,

of Mr. Robert Collings Maria tribe, traced by the dam to Mr. Charles
Collings Old Cherry through his Peeress. Little John, calved in the year
1837, had a wealth of Colling blood through his sire, Mr. Arbuthnots Fop
and through Dandy, and his granddam was Pearl, the own sister to Nor-
man.
Sir Charles Knightley’s practice was to keep some of the bulls of his
own breeding for use at Fawsley, and so work into his herd generally the
blood of some of his best cows, and interweave the lines proceeding from five
different sources. He used in this way the following home-bred sires :Young
Norman 5484, calved in 1833, by Norman, from Mr. Booths Semele, of the
Moss Rose tribe of the original Killerby herd. The blood of Semele was
thus retained indirectly when the direct line ceased to exist at Fawsley. The
pedigree of Young Norman will be found extended under the entry of Sir
Charles Knightleys Baronet 6763, a fine bull of the same tribe, sold to Mr.
Topham, of Keal Hall, Lincolnshire. Fawsley 6004, calved in 1842, sire Little
John, dam Mr. Arbuthnots Sylph, by Sir Walter. That famous cow, Sylph,
whose prolific family, characterised generally by great merit, has formed a
strong portion of many high-class herds, left no female line direct at Fawsley,
but through the bull Fawsley and his descendants her influence in the herd
was nevertheless great and valuable. Allan-a-Dale 7778, calved in 1842, sire
Little John, dam Sir Charles Knightleys favourite Marguerite, of the Pearl
and Ruby tribe. Marguerite was by Marcellus. Friar Tuck 3838 by Little
John from Pearl. Janizary 8175, by Fawsley, from Pearl. Grey Friar 9172 by
Friar Tuck, from Cathleen, of the Rosy tribe. Scimitar 10,788 by Janizary,
from Florence, of the Rosy tribe, by Little John. Friars Cowl 11,497 by Grey
Friar, dam Catalina, of the Primrose tribe. These, the reader will observe,
are all either sons or male-line descendants of one or another of the three
Arbuthnot bulls.
Early, however, in the course of his construction of the Fawsley herd, Sir
Charles Knightley used a bull of very notable ancestry, the red-and-white
Caliph 1774, bred by Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk, in the year i8oi. Caliphs
pedigree has been awkwardly entered in the Herd Book, and, in order to
get anything like a fair reading of it, one must refer to different Ladykirk
pedigrees. The record of Caliph himself jumps immediately from his great
great granddam Ruth to Broadhooks, one of the daughters of Hubback; but
if ve turn to the record of Mr. Robertsons Albion 731, of the same tribe,
ve find that the dam of Ruth was Yellow Sarah by Punch, from Wheatear
by Lady Maynards bull (son of Mr. C. Collings Lame Bull and Favourite,
alias Lady Maynard), and then, not until then, we come to Broadhooks, by
Hubback. The further reference to Dalton Duke, inserted in Caliphs record,
is omitted from the record of Albion. Caliph was a son of General Simsons
fine bull, Sultan, and had in his veins on both sides of his pedigree the blood
of Mr. Robertsons and the brothers Collings choicest strains. His influence
at Fawsley was extended by the use of sires bred from his daughtersas, for
example, Grey Friar, whose dam, Cathleen, was by Caliph; also Friars Cowl,
from Catalini by Caliph.
Another introduced bull was the Rev. C. Jamess Snowball 8602, but
he was from Fa vsley parents; his sire Little John, his dam Catalini by
Caliph. Catalini, whose name in the Herd Book is sometimes so spelt, and
sometimes Catalana, both probably misspellings of Catalani, was bred by
Sir C. Knightley, went for several years into the possession of the Rev. C.
James, and was subsequently restored to the Fawsley herd, and her son
Snowball used as a sire.
From the year taken as a starting pointi 826about four-and-twenty years
were occupied by the process of intermixing the strains which have been
hitherto mentioned, principally those of Mr. Booth (the elder, that is, Mr.
Thomas Booth, of Killerby and Warlaby, the founder of the Booth herds),
Major Rudd and Major Bower, Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk, arid Mr. Ar-
buthnot, from whose herd Sir Charles Knightley drew repeatedly and exten-
sively. Behind these names we find those of Miss Wright, General Simson,
and Messrs. Charge, Jobling, Mason, Wetherell, Parker, of Sutton House;
Donkin, of Sandhoe; and Barker, of Layton; and through them we trace
back to the Collings and Waistell and Maynard.
Up to this period Sir Charles had succeeded in producing magnificent
fat stock, but the dairy properties of his herd were not anything like equal
to those of the earlier Shorthorns. At this period he obtained an important
change of blood, which brought back the milk. Earl of Dublin 10,178, of the
Princess tribe, a tribe noted for the dairy, not less than for the graceful style
of its females, the majestic character of its males, and the generous readiness
of its members to fatten well at small cost, was the sire first selected for a
change. An analysis of his pedigree shows that he had the Princess blood
concentrated by much inter-breeding of Princess cows with bulls of the same
line. Earl of Dublin was used freely throughout the herd, and was immedi-
ately followed by, or rather, towards the close of his service used together
with, Duke of Cambridge 12,742, in whose veins was the Princess blood of
Belvedere 1706, in union with that of Mr. Bates Duchess, Cambridge Rose,
and Oxford strains of blood.
It is obvious that the offspring of Duke of Cambridge 12,742, from dams
by Earl of Dublin, had three-fourths of the newly-introduced strains of blood,
and only one-fourth of that of the Fawsley herd of the first twenty-four years.
The printed catalogue of the herd for sale in 1856 contains the names of forty-
eight cows and heifers, and twenty-seven bulls and bull- calves, making a
total of seventy-five animals. Of these, twenty-four were wholly of the old
Fawsley blood; twenty-four vere one-half of that blood and one-half of the
blood of Earl of Dublin; eight were one-half old Fawsley and . one-half Bates
(six of the eight by Duke of Cambridge, one by Balco, and one by Duke of
Gloster); six were three-fourths alien (by Duke of Cambridge following Earl
of Dublin, making twelve, altogether, by Duke of Cambridge); eleven had

the old Fawsley blood in the proportion of three-fourths, the fraction of
one-fourth that of Earl of Dublin, through daughters breeding to pure old
Fawsley bulls, and his son Artichoke mated with pure old Fawsley cows;
and the remaining two were the alien sires themselves, if we may so call
them, in contradistinction to the animals of the old Fawsley blood. Thus
we see that, putting aside Duke of Cambridge and Earl of Dublin, and
taking the home-bred animals, we may divide the breed almost exactly into
thirds, one-third wholly of the old blood, one-third an even mixture between
the Princess and Fawsley strains, and one-third diluted with new blood in
proportions varying from one-fourth to three-fourths of the old blood and the
recent introductions. In connection with this view of Sir Charles Knightleys
herd, it is but fair and reasonable to observe that Earl of Dublin and Duke
of Cambridge, Duke of Gloster and Balco, were all, like the Shorthorns
of old Fawsley blood, descendants of the Collings, Maynard, Waistell, and
other early breeders, and that there was nothing violently strange in the
introduction of their blood into the Fawsley herd. They, like iVlarcellus,
Little John, Caliph, and Norman, were the selections of that same judgment
which laid the five foundations of the herd, and brought the herd up to the
wonderfully uniform character which it possessed in 1856. The mind of
the breeder was stamped upon the whole herd.
As Duke of Gloster and Balco are not much known in connection with
Sir Charles Knightleys experiments, it seems necessary to state that the one
animal by Balco 9918 (the Wild Eyes bull bought at the Kirklevington sale,
in i85o, by the Duke of Devonshire, then Earl of Burlington) was Elgitha,
Vol. XII., page 364, sold to Mr. Thorne, U.S.A., for 100 gs.; and the bull
by Duke of Gloster was Humphrey 13,054.
From an inspection of the herd in i856, it may be said that far better sin-
gle specimens of the Shorthorn have been bred from some of the Fawsley cows
and their descendants crossed with bulls both of Warlaby and of Kirkleving-
ton blood. This remark may be extended to large numbers. Perhaps, on the
whole, the Booth blood has blended more constantly than the Bates blood,
although, when the cross has happened to suit, very excellent results have
come from the Bates-Knightley blood.
At the same time it must be allowed that the merit of the Fawsley cattle,
almost uniform, at a certain level, in Sir Charles Knightleys herd, has been
in many instances lost by injudicious mixing, and especially by diluting the
Knightley element to virtually nothing by cross after cross of another strain.
The numbers of the Fawsley herd as entered in the catalogue have been
already stated. The females, as sold, made exactly the numbers mentioned,
forty-eight. Maidens Blush, indeed, not having sufficiently recovered from
her attack of milk fever, was passed unsold, but her heifer-calf, Doralisa,
a fortnight old, made up the number. The young bull-calves of Meadow
Sweet arid Kissinda, respectively named Belesis and Feramorz, brought up
7.4. GEORGE COATES’ HERD 161
£ s d
48 cows, heifers, and heifer-calves averaged 82 18 1 12
29 bulls and bull-calves averaged 75 6 2 12
77 animals averaged 80 0 10
Total 6123 10
Table 7.1: Summary of Fawsley sale, 1856
the number of bulls to twenty-seven. It is usw to add the prices of calves

born since the issue of the sale catalogue to the prices of their dams, without
adding to the divisor on taking the average. but that is not done in the
following statement of the results of the Fawsley sale, held on the 3rd of
April, 1856. In table 7.1 each animal is counted, although three of the
calves were born within the month preceding the sale
7.4 George Coates’ herd

George Coates, the first Editor of the Herd Book, was also a successful
breeder. His herd was chiefly descended from one cow Milbank–bred by Miss
Milbank, of Barningham. The sire of the cow Milbank was Mr. Christopher
Holmes Bull of Scargill. There is no Herd Book record of the descent of either
her sire or her dam, but tradition says that the Milbank cattle were derived
from the old Studley stock, so it is probable that the cow was of an ancient
and excellent family. In Mr. Coates possession, Milbank had ten calves
(possibly more), among them the bulls Barningham by Mr. George Wrights
Manfield, and Driffield by Mr. Robert Collings Twin Brother to Ben, and
the cows Roan Cow and Young Milbank, the former by Haughton, a son of
Barning- ham, the latter born when her dam was seventeen years old, by
Driffleld. In both cases there was near in-breeding. Roan Cows produce
were, by a son of Barningham,a heifer that did not breed; by Barningham
himself (her grandsire) Driffleld Cow; by Twin Brother to Ben, Badsworth
and a heifer that died young; by Driffield (her half-brother) the bulls Bain-
ton, Waddingworth and Patriot 486, and one that was slaughtered in con-
sequence of an injury; and by Bainton (her own son by her half-brother) a
bull which the record tells us did not get calves. Most of Coates animals
were bred from these and their progeny inter-allied. In a few cases new cows
were introduced and used as grafting stocks for this in-bred Milbank family,
but the bulk of the herd sprang from the Milbank stock on both sides. The
entries of George Coates bulls in the first volume of the Herd Book show
seven families, but those of the Milbank family are about twice as numer-
ous as all the rest put together, and the others, as has been observed, are
indirectly derived from it through the sires. Badsworth 47 and Bainton 48
were both, as noticed, of this line direct. John Bakers Bull 49, bred by
Coates from a different sort, was from a cow by Barningham. Blucher 83
upon alien stock, had the Milbank blood through his sire, dams sire, and
granddams sire. Cardinal 112 had three generations of Milbank bulls upon
the original Milbank; Carnaby i 8, the same, also Cinnamon i , and Cupid
i8i. It has been shown that Driffield was of this blood. Expectation 247 was
by Patriot 486, an in-bred Milbank bull from Young Milbank. Favourite
257 had two in-bred Milbank sires, Palmflower and Patriot upon the same
cow. George 274 had Patriot and Driffield upon an alien root. Haughton
294 was by Barningham from Mr. Alisons Young Paragon by J. Browns
Red Bull. May- flower 425 had three Milbank sires upon Milbank. Mittons
Old Bull 444 is only another name for a duplicate entry of Badsworth 47.
Palmflower 480 was a son of Patriot and Young Milbank. Patriot 486, a son
of Driffleld and Roan Cow, Milbanks daughter by Haughton. President 515,
sire unknown, was from a cow by Barningham and Waddingworth 668 by
Driffield from Roan Cow, Milbanks daughter. Wellington 68i by Palmflower,
dam by Driffleld, granddam by Haughton, upon an alien stock. The parallel
entries of Coates cows are scarcely worth following, inasmuch as they give
us, besides the dams and sisters of these bulls, only a few cows which may
be called extra stock, as from them no bulls are placed upon record. They,
however, as well as the dams of recorded bulls were crossed with the in-bred
Milbank sires. Such was Mr. Coates material, such his practice. What were
the results? Unquestionably he had for some years a fine herd, and the sale
of Patriot for 500 gs.a very high price in those days, the first decade of the
last centurywas a gratifying tribute tc his perseverance and skill. But it
seems equally certain that a too close and too long persistence in the system
of in-and-in breeding eventually injured the excellence which for a while that
system was the means of increasing, and it was not until the Milbank tribe
passed into other hands and became re-invigorated by the admission of fresh
blood that the ancestral merit came again to the surface and the Celia tribe,
for instance, in the hands of Mr. Beauford and Mr. Jonas Webb sprang out
of one of its renovated branches. That tribe was, certainly, at the time of
the Babraham sale (1863) notable for a high degree of uniform excellence.
7.5 Mr. George Baker, of Elemore

Mr. Geo. Baker, of Elemore Hall, near to Durham, was a man of light and
leading in the county of Durham at the opening of the nineteenth century.
He was supposed to be one of the best gentleman riders in England, and
was a genuine representative of the hunting and cock-fighting squires of his
day. He was pre-eminently a man of action, and much more addicted to
out-door pursuits than to literature. As an agriculturist he ranks with the
foremost spirits of his time. He was one of the first to practice drilling in the
7.6. MR. WILKINSON, OF LENTON, AND HIS HERD 163
county, and a variety of wheatBakers Brown Wheat vas named after him.
He was eminent as a sheep-breeder; and he introduced Berkshire pigs, and
also a small white sort, bred in the counties of Leicester and Norfolk, into
the district. About 1807 he got some Devon cows and a French bull, both
good of their kind, but not being satisfied with them he discarded them
and, previous to the Ketton sale, began breeding improved Shorthorns. His
foundation cows were Barmpton, bred by Robert Colling, of the famous
Bright Eyes tribe; Manuscript, Duchess, and Yorkshire Jenny, all descended
from Charles Collings best bulls. His stock bull was Lawnsleeves 365 by
Charles Collings Surplice 634, said by Mr. John Wood, in 1848, to have
been bred by Mr. Baker, but, according to the Manuscript Herd Book,
bred at Halnaby. The latter no doubt is correct, for the Herd Book, which
apparently contains a full record of the Elemore herd, makes no mention of
his sire or dam ever having been in Mr. Bakers possession.
He was a purist in breeding, careful to have none but of the choicest pedi-
gree, and all his foundation stock were of the popular Favourite blood. He
practised in-breeding most extensively, and used Hermit 305, Custard 183,
and Marquis 1197, all bred by himself, and descendants of Lawnsleeves, on
cows similarly bred. Possibly this close in-breeding may have had some-
thing to do with the deterioration of his cattle, noted by Bates when he and
Whitaker visited Elemore in 1820. Whitaker afterwards made many pur-
chases from the Elemore herd, chiefly because of their pedigrees, and many
descendants from it were exported to America. Lawnsleeves was retained
for a long period; the Countess of Antrim and others sent cows to him, and
his blood was widely diffused. Baker does not appear to have replaced the
cattle sold to Whitaker. He died on May i , 1837, in his eighty-fourth year,
and at the time of his death had but few Shorthorns in his possession. By
his instructions his tombstone bears the inscription, Here lies the last of the
George Bakers of Elemore Hall.
7.6 Mr. Wilkinson, of Lenton, and his herd

My respected friend, Mr. Amos Cruickshank, of Sittyton, once told me
(writes Mr. T. F. Jamieson, LL. D., of Ellon, Aberdeenshire), that while
on a visit to England about the year 1852 he happened to be at the farm
of Holme-Pierrepont, in Nottinghamshire, when Mr. Sanday said to him,
Before you go back to Scotland I think you should see Mr. Wilkinson s
herd. Wilkinson! said Amos, who is he? I never heard of him before. That
may be, said Mr. Sanday, nevertheless you will find his cattle worth your
inspection. I accordingly went to Lenton, said Amos, and to my surprise
I there found the finest herd of Shorthorns I had ever beheld. I had never
met with anything like them before. Yes, he said, in a musing tone of voice,
take them as a a/zo/e they were the finest I have ever seen. And just as
he was on the eve of parting with his own extensive herd he again said to
me, But for the blood I got from Wilkinson of Lenton I dont know where I
would have been, and yet you never hear of him now. I would go a long way
to see him again were he still alive. These remarks of the Sittyton sage took
my attention, and induced me to make some inquiries about Wilkinson and
his cattle, the result of which I shall now lay before readers.
John Wilkinson, tenant of the farm of Lenton, died about the commence-
ment of the year 1860. His age at that time I do not exactly know, but he
was over three score and ten, and, as one informant puts it, if not eighty
well on to it. In his latter years he is described as a tall thin man, with a
pleasant countenance, an upright carriage, and a good head of white hair;
fond of his cattle, and full of information about them. He was lame, or had
a stiff leg, owing to an injury he had received early in life from a bull that
attacked him and very nearly made an end of him. This injury, from which
I believe he continued to suffer a good deal, was probably one reason why he
was so little known, except to the older breeders, for he seldom went from
home, did not go into society at all, and never sent his cattle to any shows or
exhibitions. But in his youth he was, like Anthony Maynard, fond of riding
and hunting, and loved to hear the music of a pack of hounds in the woods.
His father seems to have been a farmer in Notting- hamshire also, and a
breeder of Shorthorns, for the story is told that he sent his son to Charles
Collings sale in i8io to buy some of the animals, but the youth, staggered ap-
parently at the great prices, came home without any, vhereupon his father,
it is said, was so disappointed that he sent him back to Robert Coilings to
endeavour to get some by private bargain; with the result that three heifers
were obtained, some of which are thought to have been the foundation of
the Lancaster tribe at Lenton. Wilkinson himself used also to tell how when
a boy he had gone twice to see the great Durham Ox exhibited by John Day,
paying one shilling each time for the vision, and how he was reprimanded
by the parental Wilkinson for his extravagance.
I have been able to gather very little about Wilkinsons personal history.
It was about the year 1819 that the bull hurt him, when he would be, as I
suppose, about thirty-five years of age. He had somehow offended the beast,
he said, and it steadily refused all attempts at reconciliation, although he
tried it with various kinds of dainties. The injury was so serious that he
was confined to the house for twelve months or more, and began to fear
he should never get out again at all. The resources of the medical faculty
seem to have been exhausted, when a bright idea occurred to a kind-hearted
relative who came to see him. Knowing Wilkinsons fondness for the saddle,
he, Ulysses-like, contrived a wooden horse, persuaded the patient to mount,
and got him out to the open air again. This, with the cheerful company of
the good Samaritan himseW wrought like a charm on the drooping spirits
of the invalid, and thenceforth he rallied. The treatment may not have
been quite according to the modern science of therapeutics, but it seems to
have answered the purpose.

Like Bates and Richard Booth, Wilkinson was a bachelor. The household
consisted of three persons - himself, a brother, and a sister - all unmarried, so
that the family appears to have died out. His brother, William, who was the
younger of the two and predeceased him, was generally known as The Parson,
having been educated for the Church, although, I believe, he never had a
charge. He also took a lively interest in Shorthorns, and thought himself
an excellent judge of them. Their mothers name, I am told, was Bradshaw.
The Lenton Farm was not a large one, somewhere about 250 acres, or less;
much of it in grass. It lay close to the town of Nottingham, but the old
house was taken down years ago to make room for some railway sidings,
and the Midland trains now rush through the homestead where the cattle
once quietly dwelt. One of my informants writes: I never saw a herd more
carefully or judiciously managed, and this under great disadvantages, for
the buildings were quite inadequate for breeding purposes. Mr. Wilkinson,
however, was most fortunate in having one of the best herdsmen I ever knew
(Townsend his name), who was xvith him when I first made his acquaintance,
and remained with him till his death. The short preface to the catalogue of
his sale in 1854 gives the following information
Mr. Strafford has great satisfaction in calling the attention of

breeders to the sale of this very superior herd of pure Shorthorns,
which have been very carefully bred for upwards of forty years by
their present owner, whose father previously paid great attention
to the improvement of the breed, and from whose stock several
of the animals are directly descended, to which have been added
at various times choice specimens from other celebrated herds,
and since crossed by first-class bulls, such as Spectator 2688,
Will Honeycomb 5660, etc. They will be found on inspection
to combine good size with great substance and excellent quality,
attention having also been paid to the milking properties.
The catalogue contained a list of forty-nine cows and heifers and thirteen
bulls.
Wilkinson therefore had good materials to start from in his fathers herd,
and I have mentioned the tradition of the three heifers bought from Robert
Colling, which seem to have been the foundation of the Lancasters, Laven-
ders, and Hebes at Lenton. No doubt the produce of these heifers were
carefully cultivated and weeded as they grew up; but for some reason or
other, Wilkinson, although he seems to have been a subscriber to Coates
Herd Book, was not in the practice of entering his animals until it got into
the hands of Mr. Stafford in 1846, SO that the earlier pedigrees are a little
hazy, and there would be no interest in endeavouring to clear up the history
of animals we know little about except their names and numbers.
The first notable bull he used was Spectator 2688, bred by Mason, of
Chilton, and bought, about the year 1828, when two years old, by Wilkinson,
who used him for six or seven years and then sold him to Mr. Edge of Strelly.
Spectator was a red roan of great size, full of flesh, and of good quality,
with good shoulders, back well covered, and breast well let down. He was,
however, wanting in style and too loosely put together. His cow stock were
very good, but he was not generally a success in his bull descendants. His
son, Frank 1020, was a stylish-looking bull, but not so full of flesh as the
general run of the Lenton herd. This description I owe to Mr. Sanday. At
least three sons of Spectator were also tried in the herd, viz. Lenton 4205,
brother to Lenton, and Frank 7020, likewise Francisco 3830, a son of Frank,
but none of them seems to have been kept long.
The animal, however, which stamped the herd with its peculiar ex-
cellence was the bull Will Honeycomb 5660, bred by J.Beetham, of West
Harlsey, near Northallerton, in Yorkshire, and calved in 1834. He was bought
in 1836 by Wilkinson, who used him from that date on to 1848, a period
of twelve years, which shows the high opinion his owner must have had of
him. Having met with an accident, Will was finally fed off and sold to Mr.
Armitage, a butcher in Nottingham. After he secured Will Honeycomb,
Wilkinson seems never to have bought any other bull, but used him and his
descendants steadily on to the final dispersion of the herd in i 86o, and I am
informed that he was wont to attribute the great excellence which his stock
latterly attained chiefly to the influence of this notable animal. On one oc-
casion when discussing with Mr. Cruick- shank the merits of his famous bull
Champion of England 17,526, I ventured to hint that his character might
have come in some measure through his dam, from her Towneley-bred sire,
Plantagenet 11,906, but the veteran shook his head. No, no! said he; it was
from Will Honeycomb that the good came; and the Cruickshank type of
Shorthorn, I believe, is neither more nor less than an attempt to reproduce
the features of this pillar of the Lenton herd. What these features were I
shall now describe, having fortunately succeeded in getting an account of
the animal from two persons who remember him well. Mr. Sanday tells me:
He was very compact, on short legs, of great substance, with good head and
neck, beautiful shoulders, breast very wide and nearly down to his knees,
well filled up at the back of the shoulders and along his sides, wide back,
with ribs well sprung and deep, splendid thighs, well let down; hips well
covered and not too prominent, quality first rate, with beautiful hair, hind
quarters rather short, but tail well set. The folloxving description I owe to
Mr. Richard Yeomans, who painted a portrait of the bull for Mr. Wilkin-
son, and therefore had occasion to study his points minutely. Will xvas a
dark rich roan. His horns came rather in front with a downward direction,
slightly curved at the end, light in colour and not quite circular, but what
I should call rather flat. The hair was long, soft, and wavy, thick set, with
small curls on the side cheeks; short legs; shoulders well covered; good neck,
chine and back; ribs well thrown out; hips wide, well covered; rump lengthy
from hip to tail; the latter broad at setting-on and flat. You could have
poured water down his back without it running off. The round, or twist,
as some call it, well down to the hocks, purse well back; not split up in the
thigh, as some are; stood well on his legs and active. Will was one of the
quietest animals I have ever met with, and Townsend said he would venture
to lead him through Nottingham with a pack thread. Mr. Burgess, of Holme
Pierrepont, offered to bear all expenses if Mr. Wilkinson would send him to
the Royal Agricultural Show at Shrewsbury, but he thought the journey too
long for his age, eleven years. I was at Lenton to make the finished picture
the very week of the show.
Will Honeycomb was a thoroughbred Shorthorn, running back through
all his lines to bulls bred by C. and R. Colling. He had a dash of Booth blood
through Apollo 36, the sire of his dam, Apollo, having been bred by Booth.
Although Will himself was bred by Beetham, his sire and dam were both
derived from the stock of James Appleton, of Acklam, near Stockton-on-
Tees, but none of his immediate progenitors are animals we know anything
about, further than that their pedigrees are recorded in the Herd Book. He
seems to have been one of those extraordinary beasts that now and then turn
up, not only of rare excellence themselves, but having also the invaluable
faculty of transmitting their excellence in a high degree to their descendants.
Another notable animal was the cow called Queen of Trumps, bought by
Wilkinson in 1836 (about the same time as Will Honeycomb), and bred by
Mr. Baker Greenwell, of Barmpton, near Darlington. Her sire was a son of
Masons bull Matchem 2281, and her dam Moss Rose was a very closely-bred
animal of the Princess bloodin fact, of much the same breeding as Bates
bull Belvedere. Mr. Sanday tells me that Queen of Trumps was one of the
smallest Shorthorns he ever saw, but almost perfect in form. Her quality
was perfect, with beautiful hair, very wide, with good thighs and well-sprung
ribs, breast well formed and wide. Her colour was roan, and she xvas calved
in 1834.
Queen of Trumps, when bought, seems to have been in calf to Maynards
bull Tomboy 5493, and I am not sure but she herself was got from Maynard.
The produce was a bull called King of Hearts 4155, which was retained for
service at Lenton. Wilkinson seems to have had a high opinion of this Queen
of Trumps, for he retained at least other two of her produce for bulls, viz.
George III. 7038 and Queens Roan 7389, both by Will Honeycomb. Mr. H.
Chandos-Pole-Gell, who remembered seeing Queens Roan, told me he was a
very level, long, low beast, and handled remarkably well, and that Wilkinson
had a high opinion of him, and used him a good deal. Queen s Roan was
sire of Lancaster Comet 11663, sold to Mr. Cruick- shank, of Sittyton, and
therefore a grandsire of Champion of England 17526.
About the year 1836 Wilkinson also bought a heifer called Melissa by
Young Matchem, bred by J. C. Maynard; and shortly after he acquired
another, called Cora, descended from the Princess tribe of R. Coiling and
bred by J. E. Troutbeck. Besides these the only notable addition to the herd
in the latter period of its existence was a white cow called Zeal, calved in
1837, bred by Earl Spencer, and bought when nine years old at the Wiseton
sale in 1846 for 40 gs. Wilkinson, I am told, attended the sale, but didnt bid
for Zeal himself. He got a friend beside him to do so, and when an advance
had to be made down goes his stick on the friends foot and up goes the
price. A bidder who afterwards went to Lenton was surprised to find the
cow there. Zeal was in calf to Lord Spencers bull Plumber, and produced
the cow Wiseton Lady at Lenton. Zeal and Wiseton Lady were then put to
bulls of the Will Honeycomb blood and their descendants kept for service in
the herdas, for example, Monarch 13,847, Wonderful 14,022, Lord George
13,191, and Lenton Favourite 14,789. In this way a strain of fresh blood
was introduced. Zeal, I am told, was rather more flat-sided and light-fleshed
than the generality of the Lenton stock, but she must have been a very
good cow, and proved an excellent investment, for both she and Wiseton
Lady produced valuable animals when crossed with the Lenton bulls. At
Wilkinsons sale in 1854 the produce of these two cows fetched the highest
prices. There were nine of them, and these nine averaged 95 gs. apiece, the
top figure being 165 gs. for Phcenix, a six-year-old white cow, out of Zeal
by Will Honey- comb. The highest-priced bull (i 10 gs.) was a one-year-old
roan, called Splendid, out of Wiseton Lady by St. Albans, a son of Wills;
while Zeal herself, then seventeen years old, brought 31 gs. It would seem,
therefore, that the fresh blood introduced by Zeal did well, and it would
appear that Wilkinson thought so too, for the bulls he used latterly were
mostly descendants of this Zeal cow crossed by the Will Honeycomb blood.
Mr. Pole-Gell told me that when he visited Lenton, Zeal 4th by Queens
Roan was about the best cow on the place, and took his fancy greatly. The
most numerous family, however, was the Lancaster, descended apparently
from the stock got from Robert Colling. They were chiefly red-and- white,
and I believe were Wilkinsons own favourites. His man, Townsend, said they
were the best for both farmer and grazier. Laurel, a cow of this tribe, by Will
Honeycomb, and dam of Magnum Bonum 10,490, was a very fine animal,
and weighed 108 stones when killed. Maynards cow Melissa produced to
King of Hearts a bull called The Prince 7615, which was used for some time
in the herd, but she does not seem to have left many female descendants.
The cow Cora, from Mr. Troutbeck, seems to have been in calf to Dulverton
3659, and produced the bull Duke 6941. She afterwards had St. Albans 7462
to Will Honeycomb, and Wilkinsons bull The Marquis 10,938, was also from
a daughter of Coras.
At the final sale in 1860, there were of females nineteen Lancasters, seven
Zeals, three descendants from Queen of Trumps, and four others. The cattle
at this last sale do not seem to have fetched so high prices as those at the sale
in 1854, and in a few years the whole of the Lenton stock dropped gradually
7.7. MR. W. WETHERELL 169
out of sight. Some went to America, New Zealand, and Australia; what
became of these I dont know. Others were dispersed at home, but being
crossed by animals of a different type the fine character was irretrievably
lost, and thus, to use Old Cuddys expression, they appear to have as swealed
away.
Mr. Wilkinson, or perhaps his father, in 1820, published some Remarks
on Cattle, which appeared, I think, in the Farmers Magazine of that year.
It does not seem to be generally known that the doggerel lines describing
the points of a good Yorkshire cow, quoted by Youatt in his well-known
book on Cattle, at page 245, are by Wilkinson. He seems to have paid much
attention to the milking properties of his cows, and Mr. Sanday tells me they
combined the feeding and milking qualities in a h igher degree than any he
ever saw. The same gentleman vrites: In looking back for the last fifty-five
years, I am quite convinced that the Lenton herd was, as a whole, at Mr.
Wilkinsons death one of the best in the country. I do not ever remember
seeing a light-fleshed, weedy animal on the place. I have, of course, seen
elsewhere a few much better than his best, but, taken as a whole, they were
first rate. I should only except Mr. Richard Booths herd forty years ago or
thereabouts.
This testimony of a successful breeder and good judge, coupled with the
opinion of Mr. Cruickshank, which I gave at the commencement, may justify
me, I hope, for occupying so much space with this account of Wilkinson and
his cattle.
7.7 Mr. W. Wetherell

A more robust judge of Shorthorns or one who knew more of the early
history of the breed never lived in England than Mr. William Wetherell, of
Aldbrough, near Darlington, in Yorkshire. He was born in 1792, and as a
youth of eighteen was present at the sale of Mr. Charles Collings herd in
i8io, when the spirited biddings were made under the lime trees, and when
Comet was sold for 1000 gs. His first purchases of Shorthorns were made
at the sale of Mr. Robert Collings herd at Barmpton in i8i8. These were
Lady Anne and Cleopatra, both of them full of George and Favourite blood,
at Ioo and 133 gs. Unfortunately these heifers had not good luck, for Lady
Anne died in calving, and Cleopatra only had two calves, one, however,
being the superb bull Belzoni 1709 by North Star 459, sold at the Barmpton
dispersion to that rare judge Mr. Lax at 72 gs. His daughter Rosanna was a
very famous animal in Mr. Wetherells herd at Holme House, and he also got
two first-rate bulls, Magnet 2240 and St. Leger 1414, the latter of which Mr.
Wetherell sold for 250 gs. to Mr. John Rennie, of Phantassie. Young St.
Leger was also a son of North Star, and was a bull of great value. The first
herd was sold in 1828, and Mr. Wetherell changed his quarters from Holme
House to Newton Hall, which was beneath the Gothic shadow of Durham
Cathedral. Here he laid the foundation of a second herd, and he bred first-
rate bulls. Among the good bulls may be named Duke of Clarence 9040 and
King Dick 9269, sold for 120 gs. to Lord 1-lill. His high heart and spirit led
Mr. Wetherell to make expensive purchases, and he gave 250 gs. for Earl
of Durham 5965 to Mr. Miller, of Perthshire. This costly bull had rare bad
luck, as he died six months after his arrival at Newton Hall, and only left
three calves, which were, however, very good, and averaged io6 gs. when
under twelve months old. Duke of Cornwall, a son of Mr. Bates Fourth
Duke of Northumberland, cost 100 gs., and after some seasons use was sold
to Earl Ducie for 200 gs. A sale was held at Newton Hall, and it was in these
early days a remarkable thing that four animals realised 500 gs. At the sale
of Mr. Hutton, of Gate Burton, he bought Emperor 1839 for 250 gs., his
dam Blossom for 100 gs., and his granddam Spring Flower at 70 gs. Emperor
became a famous prize bull, and won at the Newcastle Royal, against a large
and excellent class of some five-and-twenty. Perhaps the most remarkable
animal in the Newton Hall herd was Barmpton Rose, which was sold in calf
with Buttercup to Mr. Henry Watson, Walkeringham, at whose sale she
and her nine descendants made 1033 gs. Mr. Wetherell bought from time
to time high-class females, and Mr. Richard Eastwood purchased from
him Blanche 5th by Mr. Batess renowned Duke of Northumberland out of
Blanche 2nd. He also got Roan Duchess by Whittington, out of Red Duchess
by Second Cleveland Lad. Mr. Wetherell commenced his third herd with
Blanche 5th, of Bates blood, and Red Duchess, at Kirk- bridge, Yorks., in
1848. Here he bred Earl of Scarborough by Roan Duke, a pure Bates sire,
which carried off a first prize at the Windsor Royal, 1851. This dauntless
breeder of Shorthorns was not always favoured with good luck, and in his
herd at Newton Hall there were many misfortunes. For example, in one
season twenty-four of his cows died of pleuro- pneumonia, and thirty-three
cast their calves.
Mr. Wetherell removed from Kirkbridge to Aldbrough, near Darlington,
but he did not quite relinquish Shorthorn breeding, because he brought with
him two daughters of Earl of Scar- borough, viz., Lady Scarborough and
Duchess of Northumber- land. Earl of Scarborough and those two daughters
and the famous Moss Rose, Cosy, and a few others formed the foundation
and the germs of the fourth herd. After many years of breeding this fourth
herd came to be sold by auction when it was located at the High Grange,
near Melsonby, where Mr. Wetherell took temporary quarters for them,
because he had not succeeded in getting a suitable farm for their support.
This place, which was three miles from Aldbrough, was nearly the highest
spot in that county, and was seven miles from Richmond. A great occasion
was the sale of this herd of the distinguished breeder. There was a very
strong competition for Stanley Rose, a heifer of rare beauty, and the glass
ran down at 300 gs. for Lady Pigot. The sale was very successful, and the
7.8. MR. THOMAS CHRISP, OF HAWKHILL 171
old breeder was satisfied at the result of his labours. It is quite probable
that a greater judge of Shorthorns never lived than Mr. William Wetherell.
A more hospitable man and a finer sportsman seldom lived in England. He
died on February 25th, 1870, aged seventy-nine years.
Mr. Wetherells two sons were also successful breeders.
7.8 Mr. Thomas Chrisp, of Hawkhill

For more than a century the name of Chrisp has been well and honourably
known among Shorthorn breeders. The Chrisp family farmed for generations
under successive Dukes of Northumberland, and Thomas was born at Rugley
in 1796. At the death of their father, James and Thomas Chrisp were
recalled from school, in the county of Durham, to assist in the management
of the farms of Hawkhill and Doddington, leaving their school companions,
the Croftons and the Woods, with vhom they formed friendships in later life.
There was no accurate record kept of the breeding of the herd until about
1820, and the first Herd Book entries appeared in the third volume of Coates.
In i8i Mr. Thomas Chrisp made some purchases at Messrs. James sale at
Stamford, near Alnwick. Four bulls only were used by Messrs. James during
many years, Suwarrow 2718, Barnaby 1678, Lord Strathmore s Sultan, and
Chrisps Rugley, and the seventy head of all ages then sold had one or the
other of these animals as a sire. Princess by the celebrated St. Albans 2584,
out of the dam of Lawnsleeves 365 and bought of Mr. Henderson, was onetof
the early matrons, twelve calves being accredited to her in fifteen years. A
close intimacy existed between the brothers Chrisp and Mr. Robert Curry,
of Brandon, who had a remarkably good herd bred from Joblings stock.
Several animals came from this breeder, the most noted being the well-known
coxv Duchess by Joblings Wellington 683. Messrs. Croftons bulls were the
sires principally used, and in 1839 the then celebrated herd at Doddington
was sold by Mr. Wetherell, 129 head averaging 1130 7s. 4d. Red Duchess,
120 gs., was the highest-priced female. She was purchased by Mr. Robinson,
of Clifton Pastures, and Messrs. Hunt and Thompson bought Bloomsbury
3167 for 88 gs. Croftons Peer made 6o gs., to Mr. J. C. Grant Duff. Old
Princess and her two daughters, aged respectively nineteen, fourteen, and
eleven years, were the first three lots on the sale, and realised 7 gs. The herd
was widely dispersed, thus showing the high esteem in which it was held by
breeders in many parts of this kingdom and abroad. Mr. Grant Duff Mr.
Jonathan Whitehead, and Mr. Beaton took ten lots to Aberdeenshire, a
large number also going into Fife and the Lothians. Six went to Ireland,
and eight to America and Australia. Many lots went south into Cambridge,
Essex, and Beds., and the most emineht breeders in Yorkshire and Durham
were among the buyers. A good judge said that the cattle were not got up in
the condition in which we have been accustomed latterly to see Shorthorns
offered. They had a nice milking look, mostly rich in colour, and of a smart,
blooming appearance. In Aberdeenshire, pedigrees of the present day trace
to this stock. A herd in Essex, owned by Mr. Bramston, at Skreens, was
almost entirely descended from Miss Chrisp, a yearling which he bought for
26 gs.; and at Mr. Robinsons sale at Clifton Pastures in 1864 half a dozen
lots of this blood averaged 1154 5s. Mr. Carruthers also had some of this
stock, which was much liked, in his fine herd at Arthington Hall, whence
the Studley Anna family went to Aylesby. It may also be mentioned that
Red Duke 8695, a prize bull, out of Red Duchess, was one of the earliest
as well as one of the best bulls used by Mr. Richard Stratton at Broad
Hinton, Wilts. From the old herd at Dod- dington the germ of a new herd
went to Hawkhill, Ainwick. Mr. Thomas Chrisp bought a red two-year-old
heifer, granddaughter of Princess, for 37 gs., and a yearling grand-daughter
of Duchess for 31 gs.; and from these two heifers the larger portion of the
Hawkhill herd was descended. Mr. Chrisp was, closely acquainted with
Mr. Thomas Bates, and, like him, always asserted that Robert Collings
Princess blood was the purest at that time (1840-1850) in existence. In
proof of this assertion, he sent his best cow, Duchess, for service by Mr.
Stephensons Earl of Chatham to, 176, the issue of which was the celebrated
prize bull Mainfred 11,767, used in the herd for four years, and ultimately
sold for 200 gs. to go to Australia. Mr. Bates, of Kirklevington, also
supplied a sire in Refiner 10,695, and this bull begot Hawksworth 14,681,
who accompanied Mainfred to Australia at the same price. I hcunix, another
son of Duchess, won the three first prizes at the English, Irish, and Scotch
National Shows in 1852. As the Duchess blood produced successful males, so
the Princess tribe produced successful females, Picotee and Passion Flower
winning about the same period nearly all The prizes at the Border Union
and North-country shows. In consequence of Mr. Chrisps failing health,
the Hawkhill herd was sold in 1857, at nearly double the average which the
Doddington herd realised in 1839, forty-six head averaging 1163 5s. 6d. Like
its predecessor, this herd was also widely dispersed. Sir VJilliam Stirling
Maxwell bought Laura Bell, the highest- priced female, at 150 gs. Viscount
Strathallan also i ade purchases for Scotland, and Mr. Marr carried five
lots into Aberdeenshire. Mr. Strafford and Mr. Stewart Marjoribanks
brought half a dozen to the south of England, and these afterwards went
to Monmouthshire and to Ireland. Mr. Bostock and Mr. Chirnside sent
several to Australia. Mr. Chrisp never quite gave up his favourite pursuit,
and two descendants of Currys old Duchess were retained from the sale, and
these kept the ball rolling in a small way. He died during the summer of
1868, in his seventy-second year.
7.9. MR. SAM WILEY 173
7.9 Mr. Sam Wiley

Mr. Wiley was born on January 20th, 1777, and went to Brandsby when
a boy of ten. H is Shorthorn herd, which was founded on good material,
came into notice when the Ketton- bred bull Comet was in high repute. lie
was intimately acquainted with the Brothers Colling, and hired three sons
of Comet From Mr. Robert Colling he hired North Star 459, and Harold
291, and he purchased the ten-year-old bull Midas 435 for 270 gs., at the
Barmpton sale in i8i8. Two years previously he had bought Mida from the
Rev. Thomas Vaughan, of Houghton, near Darlington. She was by Midas
435, and Mr. Wiley was so much pleased with her that he determined to
buy her sire when the opportunity of doing so arrived. At the sale, however,
he was very strongly opposed in the bidding by Sir William Cooke, but
owing to M r.Wileys pluck the glass ran out in his favour. The price was a
large one for a bull so advanced in years. The sons of Comet were hired in
1814I 516, from Mr. Wright, of Cleasby, one of the joint purchasers of that
noted bull. He also bought at Barmpton, for 6 gs., a yearling heifer, whose
dam, Trinket, was by Barmpton from a Favourite cow, and was sold to Mr.
XV. Smith for 143 gs. The money which was laid out on this tribe was
never regretted, as Grazier 1085, a son of Midas, more than brought it back.
This celebrated bull was used by Sir John Johnstone, of Hackness, for three
seasons, and after Lord Feversham, Mr. Smith, of West Rasen, Mr. Slater,
of North Carlton, and Mr. Wiley himself had used him pretty freely, he
ended his days at fourteen years old at Byram Hall. Gunthorpe 2049, of the
Castle Howard herd, in which he was used, was one of his principal sons, and
he was in his turn the sire of Malibran, for whom her breeder, Mr. Henry
Edwards, received 300 gs. Mr. Booths well-known sire Buckingham 3239,
a son of the beautiful cow Bracelet, was used at Brandsby when a yearling.
Grey Friar 9172, which had been in use at Fawsley Park, was purchased from
Sir Charles Knightley, and sons of his were among the sires at Brandsby.
Mr. Whitakers blood was also introduced through His Highness 2125, own
brother to the 210 gs. Highfiyer at the Chilton sale, and Abernethy 1602.
Sultan 1485, for whose ancestress, Mary, General Simson gave 300 gs. to
Charles Colling, was purchased from Mr. William Jobson, after he had
been extensively engaged in the county of Northumberland, circulating the
good old Jobson sort. The principal result of the one years service of Sultan
was Sultana, and from her union with Belshazzar 1704, hired from Castle
Howard, there came a bull calf named Carcase 3285, which became a grand
show bull. He was placed between Earl Spencers Hecatomb 2102 and Mr.
Bates Duke of Northumberland 1940 at the Yorkshire Show in 1838, and
was afterwards sold to go to America, for 200 gs. Belshazzar 1704, who got
his stock very large and good looking, was the sire of Victoria, sold from
the Brandsby herd for i6o gs., but Carcase 3285 was the greatest success,
for the defeat by him of the noted Bates bull Duke of Northumberland was
quite a sensation at the time. Mr. Wileys Van Dunck 10,992 not only took
the first prize, 1725, at the Yorkshire meeting at Thirsk, as best bull of any
age, but carried off the prize for the best two-year-old bull at the Highland
Society; and after being placed second to Mr. Anthony Maynards Crusade
in the Sxv epstakes, passed for 125 gs. into the hands of Mr. Whitehead, of
Little Methlic, near Aberdeen. Subsequently Mr. Wiley did not care much
for exhibiting breeding stock; still the leading honour of the show year was
in store for him, and in 1869 he won the first prize (40) for the best aged bull
at the Manchester Royal with Earl of Derby 2 i,6i 8, against twenty-three
competitors, and was second at the Yorkshire to Mr. Booths Commander-
in- Chief, the first prize Royal winner at Leicester. The last one hired was
Mr. Torrs Breastplate 19,337, a first-rate bull of the old Killerby tribe of
Bracelet. This bull was regarded by Mr. Torr as the most perfect he had
ever bred, and he was extensively used for years in the herd at Aylesby. Mr.
Wiley lived to a great age. When, in the year 1873, he had turned ninety-five
he instructed Mr. John Thornton to sell his Shorthorns, which numbered
about forty head. There were a number of the Vesper tribe, which was
so well known and so distinguished in the hands of Mr. Raymond Bruere,
of Braithwaite Hall, who sold a heifer of the blood to Mr. Cochrane, of
Canada, for 500 gs. When that gentleman had his sale at Bowness, on Lake
Windermere, a Vesper cow fetched 1000 gs. and a heifer 700 gs. The old
family of Queen Anne and A-la-mode had many representatives, male and
female. Most of the heifers were by Breastplate and Earl of Derby. This
latter was so fine a bull that many members of the Booth party were anxious
that he should have been used at Warlaby. The excellence and success of
Mr. Wileys herd as a bull-breeding stock had been evinced by the very
good bulls which he exhibited at the Royal and Yorkshire Shows, at which
he had been so successful an exhibitor. As already mentioned, the dispersal
of the Brandsby herd took place on September 26, 1873. Twenty- nine cows
and heifers averaged 73 I 3s. 7d.; twelve bulls and calves averaged 55 i8s.
3d.; forty-one head averaged 68 9s. 7d.; eight animals of the Vesper tribe
averaged 94; eleven animals of the Albina (Earl of Derby) tribe averaged 76
7s. 3d. Mr. Wiley died on December 12, i875, aged 98 years.
7.10 Mr. Anthony L. Maynard

The name of Maynard must always be associated with the dawn of improve-
ment of Shorthorn cattle. Mr. A. L. May- nard farmed at Studley, near to
the ruins of Fountains Abbey, splendid even in their decay. He became a dis-
tinguished breeder of Shorthorns, as was his father, Mr. John Maynard, of
Eryholme, from whom Charles Coiling purchased Old Strawberry and her
calf by Dalton Duke.
It has been stated on high authority that if ever there be a gallery de-
7.11. MR. JOHN CHARLES MAYNARD 175
voted to the heroes of field and flood, the late Mr. Anthony Maynard must
have a place in it. He did not exhibit his stock frequently, yet he sent out his
wonderful bull Crusade 7938 to do battle in Yorkshire. Mr. James Douglas,
of Athelstaneford, wrote that he considered Crusade the best bull in Eng-
land. Crusade was a grandson of Mr. John Collings celebrated cow Rachel.
Mr. Anthony Maynard was very partial to Bates blood, and he had a very
valuable tribe in his herdthe Wild Eyes. Specimens of the Wild Eyes tribe
went into famous herds, and a female, whose descent was from Clear Star by
Marton Duke 22,307, bred by Mr. Anthony Maynard, was sold for 850 gs.
This was in one of the sales at Holker, Mr. Drewry being glad to welcome
into the pure Bates pedigree the new blood derived from the magnificent
bull Marton Duke, the sire of Mr. Maynards Clear Star. Marton-le-Moor,
near Ripon, was Mr. Anthony Maynards quiet old bachelor home. His fa-
mous bull Crusade was pictured in the snuggery, with a portrait of his owner
and his herdsman. A large painting of the best side of Comet (as he never
failed to tell one) held the place of honour in the dining-room. Mr. May-
nard fortunately lived to a ripe old age, and at the Yorkshire Shows a ring
never looked quite properly filled unless old Anthony was in it. His Short-
horn herd was always large, and it numbered one hundred and twenty at
his death. Mr. Maynards services were very often requisitioned as a judge,
and he always enjoyed the outings. He was one of the Bench at the Royal at
Chester in i8 8, and again at Leeds in i86i, and when seventy years old he
had the pluck to cross the Irish Sea and judge at Dublin. Ireland was a good
deal benefited by Mr. A. Maynards labours as a Shorthorn breeder. Mr.
Richard Welsted, of Ballywalter, county Cork, often visited him at Marton-
le- Moor, and he purchased from him the bull Roan Oxford, and some cows,
among which was Rosa by Crusade. From her were descended two of the
finest heifers ever bred at Bally- walter Rosette and Elfin Rosewhich won
the Purdon Cup at the meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland
at Waterford.
7.11 Mr. John Charles Maynard

Mr. John C. Maynard was the elder son of Mr. John Maynard, of Ery-
holme. He was a purchaser at the Colling and Mason sales, and owned some
of the kest and most fashionable animals of that period. These included
Mr. Robert Collings Marske 418, Mr. Masons Portia, and the noted sire
Matchem 2281. Many good animals of recent times trace their pedigree to
stock once in Mr. John C. Maynards possession, some of the best being
Mr. William Torrs favourite Flower tribe, which is in direct descent from
Sweetbrier, bought by Mr. Maynard at Mr. Robert Collings sale for 145 gs.
She was the highest priced heifer on that occasion. Mr. Maynards herd
was sold in 1836, and realised a large sum, but by the year 1853 another
herd had been gathered together, and was sold by his friend Mr. Wetherell
at Harlsey Hall, near Northallerton. He was considered a very good judge,
and went much for quality.
Mr. John Charles Maynard died on February 24, i87i, at a ripe old age.
7.12 Mr. Henry Ambler

For many years Mr. Henry Ambler held a prominent position among Short-
horn breeders, and was a great exhibitor at all the principal shows. He was
the younger son of Mr. Stephen Ambler, a manufacturer, and was brought
up to his fathers business. In 1842 he bought Watkinson Hall, near Halifax,
and soon afterwards began to breed Shorthorns there. The zeal and energy
which had always characterised Mr. Ambler in his business transactions
were now equally thrown into his new vocation, and he soon became one of
the most distinguished and successful exhibitors of Shorthorns in the king-
dom. From the Royal, the Great Yorkshire, and important shows in many
English counties, he carried away many valuable trophies. In Scotland, too,
he was successful, and at the International Show at Paris in i8 6, competing
against the most notable breeders of Europe, he bore off a leading prize.
As might be supposed, this great success in agricultural pursuits brought
him into communication with the leading men of the country, and his name
became familiar to agriculturists throughout the length and breadth of the
land. His famous bull Senator, which took the first prize at the Royal Show
at Exeter as best in the yard, was afterwards sold at a very high figure to
America. Unfortunately, however, this fine bull never reached his destina-
tion in the States, as he died on board ship towards the close of the voyage.
Mr. Ambler was liberal in his views about pedigree. Bates and Booth strains
were well represented in his herd. With animals of the Barrington tribe, full
of Bates blood, he was very successful, and the Mantalini tribe, bred by
Mr. John Booth at Killerby, was well represented by the beautiful cow La
Valli re, whose son, Prince Talleyrand, was a great prize- winner; indeed,
among the best show bulls of his day. Mr. Ambler bought from Mr. Samuel
Edward Bolden the noted bull Grand Turk, a son of the 1000- gs. Grand
Duke from a pure Booth cow, bred at Warlaby. Grand Turk won many
honours at the leading shows, and in a fine class at the Chelmsford Royal
Meeting in i.8 6 was second, after a sharp contest, to Colonel Towneleys
Master Butterfly, which was sold for 1200 gs., to Australia. Mr. Thorne, of
Thorndale, in the State of New York, bought Grand Turk, and this purchase
proved very important, as Mr. Thorne used him to the Duchesses, thus in-
fusing to that tribe a large share of Booth blood. Mr. McIntosh, of Havering
Park, Essex, imported from Mr. Thornes herd the fine bull Third Duke of
Thorndale, a son of Grand Turk from a Duchess cow. This purchase proved
very important and successful, because the Third Duke of Thorndale infused
7.13. MR. JOHN CALEB ADKINS 177
fresh blood into closely bred Bates cattle, and imparted vigour to several
great tribes. Furthermore, he was a first-rate sire. One of his get was the
beautiful calf Lady Oxford 5th, winner of first prize at the Royal meeting
at Worcester. Her shapes and quality were excellent, and had there been a
gold medal she would have got it as the best female in the yard. At Mr.
McIntoshs sale Lady Oxford 5th, then a breeding cow, was sold to the Duke
of Devonshire for 6oo gs., and was long a great ornament in the Holker herd,
where she bred Baron Oxford 4th, a noble bull and capital getter. Ireland,
too, derived benefit from the blood of Grand Turk, imported from America,
because Mr. Fitzwilliam Welsh, a great lover of Shorthorns, during his stay
in the States, paid a visit to Mr. Thorne, and took such a liking to the
young bull Hero of Thorndale by Grand Turk that he paid 250 gs. for him,
and brought him to the county of Limerick. This bull got very good stock,
large, and having very fine quality of flesh and hair. One of his daughters
bred heifers which were very much distinguished in the Irish and English
show-yards, and which were sold at high pricesone going to the States, and
another to Canada. Mr. Amblers celebrated prize heifer Lady Mary was by
Grand Turk, as were many of his other prize-winners, including Royal Turk,
a bull which was very thick through his frame and of splendid quality, and
particularly rich in his coat. Wood Rose by Heart of Oak brought many pre-
miums to Watkinson Hall. Another great winner of Mr. Amblers was Miss
Frances, who obtained seventeen prizes, including the money award and the
silver medal as the best animal in the class at the Yorkshire Show; also the
gold medal for best cow or heifer in the yard at Bingley Hall, Birmingham,
in 1853. Rosamond, too, was a winner of many honours, which included the
South Durham and North Yorkshire Agricultural Societys gold cup, value
100 gs., in 1855, and the 20 premium for best animal in the class. She also
won the gold medal at the Smithfield Club Show in 1855. Mr. Ambler held
several successful sales, at one of which he realised the high average of 83
4S. for fifty head. For many of his show animals he received very high prices
from American buyers. He died at Watkinson Hall in his seventy-first year.
7.13 Mr. John Caleb Adkins

A man who may be said to have left his mark upon the history of the Short-
horn breed was Mr. John Caleb Adkins, of Milcote, near Stratford-on-Avon.
That able breeder and first-rate judge, Mr. William Wetherell, tarried for
a week at Milcote, and thus had an ample opportunity of discussing with
Mr. Adkins all the advantages to be derived from breeding pure Shorthorns.
Mr. Wetherell advised his host to buy animals of Robert Coilings blood,
and to adhere to that blood. Mr. Adkins, accordingly, sought for cows of
th t strain, which was so strongly recommended to him on high authority,
and he succeeded in purchasing some fine cows from Mr. Cowling, of Rick-
nall Grange, as well as from other breeders. A well-shaped bull of approved

breeding, named Accordion 5708, was bought, and proved a very good sire.
From Mr. Charge came Alfred 6732, whose fore quarters were singularly
perfect. Mr. Stephensons herd at Wolviston furnished the noted sire Earl
of Dublin 10,178, at the moderate cost of 30 gs. This was not by any means
a great bull to look at; he was rather undersized, but of fine quality, and he
was much liked by that capital judge Sir Charles Knightley. Earl of Dublin
got first-rate stock, the cows being specially remarkable for their deep milk-
ing qualities. This power of begetting milkers he doubtless derived from his
dam Princess of the noted Robert Coiling family of that name, which were
celebrated for their milking properties in Mr. Stephenson s herd. Mr. Ad-
kins had his first sale by auction in 1854, a period of moderate prices for
farming produce, and therefore a time when money was not abundant. It
was not a sale of the entire herd, many animals being retained. The forty-
seven head disposed of averaged 30 12s. The reserved animals were chiefly
of the Sylph and Frill tribes. The former came through Charmer, xvhich
was sold at Mr. Arbuthnots sale, in 1843, for 38 gs.a nice cow by Little John
4232. The Frills were descended from Young Frill, sold at Mr. Longbournes
sale in 185 I, when three years old, at 21 gs. Her dam, Frill, and her sire,
Broughton Hero 6811, had been purchased from Sir Charles Tempest at 8o
gs. and IQo gs. respectively, so that Young Frill was procured at a very
small price, her antecedents considered. Mr. Adkins now went for sires to
the herd of Sir Charles Knightley, at Fawsley Park, and he thence obtained
and used Londonderry 13,169, of the Rosy tribe, and Mai neIuke 13,289 of
the Ruby family. In i86o a second sale was held at Milcote, when fifty-one
head realised an average of 6i i8s. 2d. Mr. Adkins name as a breeder
was at this time well known, and his judgment was esteemed. An important
company assembled, and the Charmers and Sweet- hearts were much sought
and eagerly bid for, and accordingly came into a prominent position. Fifteen
animals, descended from Charmer, averaged 76 8s. 9d. ; and sixteen from
Sweetheart, who was a daughter of Charmer, averaged 62 S. 7d. Eight of the
Frill tribe made 56 each. The Charmers and the Sweethearts belonged to the
Sylph tribe, as above stated, Charmer being a granddaughter of Sylph by
Sir Walter 2639, that noted cow, bred by Mr. Arbuthnot, whose blood was
always highly esteemed by eminent breeders. Earl Spencer bought Sylph
herself from Sir Charles Knightley for the purpose of crossing her with one
of his own sires, and procuring a bull for use at Wiseton, where, at a sale
held in 1848, eight of Sylphs descendants averaged 62 is. 6d. One of these,
a cow named Bon Bon by Orontes, was sold to Mr. Richard Chaloner, of
co. Meath, at whose dispersion sale in i 86o several females of the blood
fetched over 300 gs. each. Mr. R. Welsted, of Ballywalter, had some Sylphs,
and from one of them he bred British Queen, a splendid white heifer, which
defeated Colonel Towneleys noted Royal Butterflys Duchess at the Dublin
Show. Upon the dispersion of Mr. Duddings herd at Panton in 86o, four of
7.13. MR. JOHN CALEB ADKINS 179
the Sylph tribe, crossed with Booth bulls, averaged 13 105., Mr. Chaloner
paying 275 gs. for Lady Louisa Bountiful. Mr. William Torr also cultivated
the Sylph tribe, and at the Aylesby sale in i875 several lots of this blood
made remarkable prices, a bull calf bringing nearly 6oo.
After the 1860 sale Mr. J. C. Adkins again sought pure triV es with
which to start a new herd, and he visited, amongst others, Mr. Stephenson,
of Wolviston, to search for some of the Princesses. One he got at 30 gs.,
and he also paid 20 gs. for a young heifer, which unfortunately died soon
after she came to Milcote. He also secured several females of Sir Charles
Knightleys blood, and had in 1862 collected about a dozen cows. He also
added to his stock by repurchasing some females of the Sylph tribe, which
had been sold by him. The new herd numbered in i868 about fifty head,
and he then dispersed it. Owners of many high-class herds attended this
sale, and took away, at long prices, the descendants of Sylph, fourteen of
which averaged 83 5s. The Princess cow, although ten years old, brought
345 gs., though bought at 30 gs. by Mr. Adkins. The advance in value
of these highly bred Shorthorns was quite remarkable. Princess had bred
several bulls, one of which, Potentate by Chanter, a Charmer sire, was of
striking merit, and much better in shape than Earl of Dublin. His own
brother was sold to Mr. Murton Tracy, of Kent, for 170 gs. Females of the
Sylph tribe went into several herds of great note, and were, in many cases,
crossed xvith Bates sires of the highest class. Years after, at Mr. Leneys
sales, the descendants of Charmer, which were very stylish animals, made
very high prices; and Mr. H. J. Sheldon, of Brailes, was singularly successful
in breeding bulls of great merit from this strain. He called them Dukes of
Charming- land, showed them repeatedly at Birmingham, won prizes there,
and sold them at large prices. At one of the sales at Birmingham, Lord
Lathoms Charming Duke 3rd 74,217, of the same line of blood, won second
prize, and was sold for 205 gs. His granddam was by Duke of Charmingland
38th 54,193. Mr. Murton Tracy, of Redlands, Kent, was also very successful
with the Charmers and Sweethearts, which were sold very advantageously
at his remarkable sales, and went into the herds of noted breeders. Although
then suffering often from ill-health, Mr. Adkins set about forming another
herd, and collected some of the best members of the Dido tribe, for which he
had a strong liking. He also bought several members of the Nonsuch family,
which was originally in Mr. Robert Collings possession, and was lately at
Holker. He was not destined, however to live long enough to breed up yet
another herd to any such large number as would warrant him in having a
final sale before leaving the scene and the theatre of his labours. He died in
the June of 1871, when he had reached his sixty-second year.
As a careful student of pedigree and a painstaking breeder, Mr. Adkins
occupied a very high place. His judgment was sound, and his modesty was
conspicuous.
With regard to the selection of cattle and the due valuing of their shapes,
like most practical men, he preferred to have the opportunity of judging

animals in a lean state. Like Sir Charles Knightley, lie was very desirous
of having cylindrical form, neat shoulders, and handsome heads. He also
liked to have his cattle wide in the chest, and with little space between the
ribs and hook bone. Mellow handling and fine character were, of course,
regarded by him, as by every breeder of judgment, as being indispensable.
He was rather in favour of close breeding.
Mr. Adkins was very eminent in his district as an agriculturist, while
his skill as a breeder was recognised throughout the land. Few men in the
Midland counties were more widely known and universally esteemed.
7.14 Mr. Benjamin Wilson

There died on May Day, 1869, a famous breeder of Shorthorns, Mr. Ben-
jamin Wilson, of Brawith, near Thirsk, in Yorkshire. For more than thirty
years he had been a successful breeder, and he, as a rule, selected his pur-
chases of cows and bulls from herds in his own classic neighbourhood. For-
tunately for him he had the friendship of the Nestor of Shorthorns, Mr.
William Wetherell, who was always willing to give him a helping hand. It is
with regard to two famous tribes that his name as a breeder has been most
widely known. Those tribes are the Brawith Bud and the Certainty, and
both of them traced from the stock owned by Major Rudd, one of the prin-
cipal buyers at Mr. Charles Collings sale at Ket- ton, in i8io. Mr. Benjamin
Wilson had several sales of his Short- horns. The first was held on Saturday,
the 25th of September, 1841, when sixty-two animals were offered, and the
half share of the far-famed Shorthorn prize bull, Sir Thomas Fairfax 5195,
which was bought by Mr. Parkinson, of Leyfields, Notts., and Mr. John
Booth, of Cotham, in the same county, for gs. The average obtained at
this sale was /’ 42 5s. for the sixty-one lots sold. Among them was Captain
Barclays noted bull The Captain 5422, which only realised 27 gs., to Mr.
Grant Duff, who also took Brawith Bud for i6o gs. by Sir Walter 2639. The
Captain was afterwards used for some years by Mr. Gamble in Norfolk.
Brawith Bud became a very noted cow, and an excellent breeder, Jenny
Lind, Pure Gold, as well as other of her descendants, winning many prizes.
Mr. Grant Duff was one of the earliest to publish private herd catalogues,
which he annotated. An interesting paragraph in one of his catalogues re-
lated to this fine cow. It is as follows: Although Brawith Bud is as well
recollected in this district (Banff) as any cow that was ever imported to it,
yet, as this list is intended as a record, it may be well to state that she was
bred with great care, and highly prized by the late Peter Consett, Esquire,
of Brawith, and left by him in special legacy to his near relative Mr. Ben-
jamin Wilson, who never intended to sell her. She cost Mr. Grant Duff
/178 19s., and paid him several hundred per cent. She was a useful cow
7.15. MR. ROBERT FLETCHER HOUSMAN 181
until eighteen years of age, and never was for one moment unwell. Her sire
was a good bull when sixteen years old. It was very singular how widely the
cattle from this herd was dispersed. Mr. Grant Duff and Mr. Jopp took
some of them into the North of Scotland, others were taken by Mr. Drewry
into Devonshire, by Mr. Spurling into Suffolk, and by Mr. Greetham and
Mr. Watson into Lincolnshire and Nottingham respectively. Mr. Rowland
Campion, of Oldtown, co. Cork, had some of the blood, and from him it
went to Mr. Talbot Crosbies fine herd at Ardfert Abbey, co. Kerry. Soon
after this sale Mr. Wilson bought from Mr. Wetherell the bull Emperor
6973, which had been purchased at Mr. Huttons sale for 200 gs. This bull
won the first prize as a yearling at the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire meetings,
and at the Royal Show at Newcastle, in the following year, he got the leading
honour as a two-year-old. He lived a long life of great usefulness and was
used by Mr. Wilson up to a very short time before his death, at the age of
sixteen, in May, i 86o. A second sale took place in 1848, when Mr. Fawkes
bought Certainty 2nd at 40 gs., Cherry Ripe at 50 gs., Gaiety 3rd 90 gs.,
Sally OMoore 3rd 70 gs., Moss Rose 3rd 8o gs., and the bull Borrowby Boy
9980 at 92 gs. These animals were prolific, and left many descendants in
the Farnley Hall herd. Colonel Duncombe bought Moss Rose 2nd for 135
gs., and Fanny, a nine-year-old daughter of Mr. Richard Booths Farewell,
for I 7 gs. The Hon. H. N. Hill also started from Brawith by purchasing
Seriousness at 75 gs., Beauty of Brawith 42 gs., Certainty 4th 36 gs., and
the bull Emperor 2nd (11438) at 35 gs. That noted breeder Mr. A. L.
Maynard also made some purchases. The leading attraction of the sale was
the Lady of Brawith (unsold). She was by Emperor 6973 from Moss Rose
2nd. This celebrated roan heifer won, as a yearling, the first prize at the
Norwich Royal Meeting and at the Yorkshire Show. She also won the gold
medal and the Purcell challenge cup at the Royal Irish Show, and in the
year following was the winner of first honours at the show of the Highland
Society of Scotland. On November i ith, 1863, another sale was held, and
forty-five head made an average of /35 5s. Mr. Wilson was a quiet and very
retiring sort of man, and few breeders knew him; yet the name of Brawith,
as well as its Certainties, are widely known all over the kingdom. At the
time of his death he had a small herd, bred principally from Earl Cathcarts
stock, and from the Vesta tribe descended from Mr. Woodhouses strains.
Mr. Wetherell sold this collection on October 8th, 1869, when Mr. Antony
Metcalfe gave the highest price of the day for Certainty 12th, 56 gs. The
twenty-four head made an average of1S22 13s. 3d.
7.15 Mr. Robert Fletcher Housman

Mr. R. F. Housman died at his residence, Lune Bank, near Lancaster, July
8th, 1872, aged sixty-five years. Rambling a good deal through Cumberland
in his early days, he became acquainted with several Shorthorn herds of

note, and was attracted by their worth and beauty. In due time he accord-
ingly set about forming a herd of his own at Lune Bank. His first pure
Shorthorns, although bought of Mr. Rawsthorne, near Lancaster, in the
early fifties, came from Lincolnshire, and consisted of Nonpareil 4th and her
three daughters, all by Symmetry 12,168, a son of the Newcastle Royal first-
prize bull Belleville. These were followed by Vengeance, a massive Lord
George cow from Mr. Kirkhams sale at Hagnaby; Borrowby Lass, of the
Brawith xvell-knoxvn Certainty line, from Hendon; and two cows of the
Booth Isabella tribe, Isabella Howard, from Mr. Bolden, of Hyning, and
Maud Mary, from Mr. Ambler, of Watkinson Hall. Maud Mary came in calf
to the great prize bull Grand Turk, and produced Gulnare, who, to Duke of
Buckingham, bred the well-known prize-winner Lord of the Harem 16,430.
Other purchases were also made from the Rev. T. Cator, Mr. E. Bate,
Kelsterton, and Mr. Troutbeck, Glencow, while from Mr. William Carr,
Stackhouse, were procured Maid of Honour, Wild Eyes 27th and Rosalba.
White Strawberry, from Blencow, produced several calves, which were a
favourite sort of Mr. Housmans, who entertained a strong wish to breed
them with the Gwynnes. This was only partially carried out by using one or
two of Mr. Slyes Gwynne bulls, but the results were excellent. The principal
sires at Lune Bank vere Mr. Boldens Dandy Dinmont 11,829, Mr. Booths
Duke of Buckingham 14,428, and one or two of Duke of Buckinghams sons.
Mr. Housman rented General Fairfax I 1,519, Mr. Booths Majestic 13,279,
and Mr. Stewarts Lord Garlies 14,819, of the noted old Cherry tribe. From
Mr. Carr he had Imperial Windsor i8,o86 and Royal Windsor 18,784, but
one of the best stock-getters and most impressive sires he used was Knight of
the Harem 24,278, by the Duke of Devonshires Lord Oxford, from Queen of
the Harem. Mr. Housman was not an exhibitor, but several of his animals in
other handsbulls especiallycame out well at the local and county shows. Lord
of the Harem 16,430 and Baron Blencow 19,267 were two most successful
prize-winners, not only at the county exhibitions, but at the Royal Shows
as well. The herd was essentially a dairy stock, managed in a natural way,
and yet the animals were all generous thrivers and good-looking Shorthorns,
being kept on grass in summer and hay in winter, with occasionally straw
and turnips. Large quantities of milk and butter were supplied to the town
and neighbourhood. Although favourably known as a Shorthorn breeder,
Mr. Housman was still better known as a Shorthorn writer. For many years
prior to his decease he was famous as the author of a clever series of articles
contributed to the columns of Bells Weekly Messenger.
7.16. THE SECOND EARL OF ZETLAND 183
7.16 The second Earl of Zetland

The second Earl of Zetland was one of the principal supporters of the Turf
and he was also a lover and a breeder of Shorthorns. Herds were kept at
his seats at Aske Hall and at Upleatham, and so interested was he in all
concerning these herds that his private herd book always was found with his
personal luggage when moving from one residence to another. He entered
in his own hand the particulars of pedigrees, with purchases, sales, births,
and deaths, and took great interest in the management of the cattle. The
Aske herd was really started in i 8 with two cows, Ruth and Bella, which
were purchased at Lord Lonsdales sale at Lowther. At the Wise- ton sales
of Lord Spencers herd in 18456, five cows and heifers were bought, but these
did not prove fortunate purchases, as only one of them left descendants. Mr.
G. Dale Trotters sale in 1852 supplied Fanny 4th and Sousie 7th by Second
Duke of Northumberland; while Daisy of the Gwynne tribe and Daffodil
came from Mr. Harvey Combe in 1856. These and their progeny, with the
descendants of a cow which his lordship inherited with the estates in 1839,
and Bonnie Lassie from Mr. Tophams stock at Middleham, comprised the
Aske herd at the time of Lord Zetlands death in 1873. The Upleatham herd,
which consisted of about eighty head, was formed more recently than that
at Aske, having been under the management of Mr. G. Dale Trotter after
his herd was sold in 1852, when several of the Bishop Middleham animals
went to Upleatham. Dandizette, of the Gwynne tribe, was bought from
Mr. Harvey Combe for Upleatham in i8 6, and few, if any, purchases were
afterwards made. The sires used were occasionally employed both at Aske
and Upleatham. Mr. Laxs Magician 7185, a son of Bob, was one of the first
bulls used at Aske; Mr. Mason Hoppers prize bull Belleville 6778 and Mr.
G. Dale Trotters Apollo 9899, as well as his Tenth Duke of York 11,398,
also did valuable service. Ravensworth io,68i, a son of Mr. Wetherells Earl
of Scarborough; Field Marshal 12,875, by Mr. Bates Third Duke of York;
and Saville 16,915 a son of Mr. Wetherells Lord Scarborough, were all
bred and used at Aske. Cobham 14,287, of the Craggs tribe, came from
Mr. Marjoribanks at Bushey Grove; and Fitz-James 19,755 and Bobby
25,648, although bred at Up- leatham, were both crossed with the stock
at Aske. Cynthias 25,864 (from the dam of Lord Cobham) and Dunkeld
26,042, bred at Holker, by Grand Duke ioth from Sylph of the Blanche
tribe, were the sires which were the latest used before the Earls demise. At
Upleatham, Apollo, Tenth Duke of York, and Cobham were also used, as
well as Mr. Harvey Combes Guy 14,659, by Puritan, out of Gazelle of Woods
blood. Mr. Spearmans Althorpe 15,580, bred from Lord Spencers stock at
Wiseton, was among the sires, as was also Mr. James Douglas prizewinning
Sir James the Rose, a son of that beautiful cow Rose of Summer, of the
Mantalini tribe, which was unbeaten in the three kingdoms, and won first
prize in the cow class at the International Show at Paris in 1856. These were
succeeded by Maximilian 20,322 by the Duchess bull Archduke II. from Daisy
(granddam of Lord Cobham) and Chatsworth 23,546 (a son of Grand Duke
ioth and Emily, one of Mr. Trotters best cows), both of which were bred at
Upleatham. King of the Roses 23,043, a son of the famous Bates cow Moss
Rose, was a purchase from Mr. E. L. Betts, of Preston Hall, and Grand
Monarch 28,774, another son of Tenth Grand Duke, from a Sir James the
Rose cow, was in service in 1873. Lord Zetland died during the summer of
1873. He was strongly opposed to the principle of feeding breeding animals
for exhibition, and, accordingly, he was not a competitor for prizes at the
Royal, the Yorkshire, and other Shows. Had the best animals been exhibited,
the herd would, of course, have come into greater notoriety.
7.17 Mr. J. Mason Hopper
Mr. J. Mason Hopper, of Newham Grange, Stockton-on- Tees, commenced

breeding in 1833 by the purchase of two cows and a bull from Mr. Shaftoe,
of Whitworth Park, Durham. The two cows were Garland, roan, calved in
1828, by Matchem 2288, and May Rose, red, calved in 1831, by Miracle
2320. The bull was Uptaker 2784, also by Miracle. He obtained about
the same time an unnamed cow by Major Rudds Wonderful 700. Garland
was a prolific breeder, and produced five heifer- and five bull-calves. One
of the heifers was Cassandra, which was purchased by Mr. Parkinson, of
Ley Fields. May Rose bred four heifers and two bulls. The first bull used
was LTptaker 2784, which was in service for three years. He was followed
by his son Marton 4408, from May Rose; Pedestrian 4670, bred by Capt.
Barclay out of Mr. Masons Lady Sarah, by Satellite 1420; Ernest 3735 by
Pedestrian out of Ganymede, a daughter of the original cow Garland; and
the well-known bull Belleville 6778 by Mr. Spearmans Newton 2367, also out
of Ganymede. The last- named bull, first at the Royal and other shows, was
used several years, and left Mr. Hopper some of his best stock, among them
Miss Belleville, Vol. XI., p. 359, which was exported to Mr. N. J. Becar,
U.S.A. About 1848, from Mr. Carruthers, of Arthington Hall, Yorkshire,
Crocus by Petrarch 7239, and Young Moss Rose, Vol. IX., p. 493, bred
by Mr. R. Booth, Warlaby, by Young Matchem 4422, were obtained. With
few exceptions the herd was almost entirely descended from the two cows
Garland and May Rose, which came from Mr. Shaftoe, although the cow by
Major Rudds Wonderful 700, produced Dido by Marton 4408, from which a
good many animals were descended. The last entry in the Herd Book was
Cecilia, calved in i856, sold to Mr. Nesham, of Haughton-le-Skerne.
7.18. MR. CHAMPION, OF BLYTH 185
7.18 Mr. Champion, of Blyth

The herd of Mr. C. Champion, Blyth, Nottinghamshire, was founded by the
purchase of the red-and-white three-year-old cow Magdalene, at Mr. Chas.
Collings sale at Ketton, in i8io, for 170 gs. She was in calf at the time to
her sire Comet i , to which service she produced the bull Blyth Comet 85.
This bull was freely used in the herd, and his name appears in numerous
pedigrees of the present day. Three heifers, all in calf to Comet, were also
purchased by Mr. Champion at the same sale, for 17 gs., 20 gs., and 15 gs.
respectively, but these were not bred in the Ketton herd. Warrior 673, a
roan bull, calved in 1812, out of a cow by Wellington 68o, was one of the
most important sires; another was Neswick 1266, bred by Mr. Grimston, of
Neswick. At the sale of Mr. Robert Collings herd at Barmpton, in 1818,
Empress, a five-year-old cow by Barmpton was bought for 210 gs., the third
highest price of the sale. A few other animals came from Sir Henry Carr
Ibbetson; Crimson by Patriot 486, came from Mr. G. Coates in 1817, when
seven years old, and Landlady by Wellington 683, from Mr. Jobling. The
name of Champion is best known to modern breeders in connection with the
Game Moss Rose tribe, the last cross of which reads: Old Rose by a bull of
Mr. Champions, of Blyth.
7.19 Mr. H. Watson, Walkeringham

Mr. H. Watson, of Walkeringham, near Bawtry, commenced breeding about
1826, his first entry being the white cow Abeona, bred by Mr. Littlewood,
in Vol. III., p. 253. It was not, however, until about twelve years later
that he became possessed of any really notable animals. Barmpton Rose
by Expectation 1988, and her two daughters, Bessy and Princess Royal,
both by Thick Hock 66oi, were obtained from Mr. Wetherell. This cow,
bred by Mr. Waldy, of Barmpton, laid the foundation of the Barmpton
Rose tribe, of which there are a large number of excellent Shorthorns still
in existence. Princess Royal xvent afterwards to Earl Ducie. She was a
magnificent roan cow that was illustrated in Volume VI. of the Herd Book.
Matilda by Champagne, bred by Mr. Burrows, of Carleton Hill, also went
through Mr. Wetherell to Mr. Watson, and two cows bred by Mr. R. Booth
at Warlaby, Moss Rose by Young Matchem, and Red Rose by Priam, were
obtained by Mr. Watson from Mr. Ben Wilson. Mr. Watson did not long
survive his removal to Londonthorpe, near Grantham, about i8 o. His stock
passed into the hands of several of the most noted breeders. Some of them
went to the Duke of Devonshire, Mr. Foijambe, Mr. W. Smith, of West
Rasen, Mr. W. Torr, Mr. A. Cruickshank, Mr. L. E. Bolden, Mr. C.
R. Saunders, and Mr. Marjoribanks. Mr. Eastwood, of Burnley, bought
Buttercup, a daughter of Barmp- ton Rose, and she, Britannia, and Bessie,
all out of the same cow, eventually went to Col. Towneley. Renown 2525,
bred by Mr. W. Smith, West Rasen; Raree Show 4874, bred by Earl Spencer
from Mason blood; Lord Adolphus Fairfax 4249, bred by Mr. Whitaker and
used by Mr. Torr; Mr. Stephensons Bellerophon 3119, a son of Belvedere
1706, and the Princess cow Helena; Rathreagh 6366, bred in Ireland, and
Petrarch 7329, bred by Mr. Whitaker, of Burley, were the principal sires
used in the herd.
7.20 Messrs. Crofton, Holywell

From 1818 to 1852, very successful exhibitors were Messrs. Crofton, of
Holywell, near Durham, who were then among the leading breeders. An
old breeder considered the Crofton cattle as near perfection as possible,
and they gained numerous prizes. Mr. R. Crofton’s Sir Walter 2639, red,
calved in 1832, was a notably impressive sire, whose influence, powerfully
manifested in the excellent old herd of Mr. Benjamin Wilson, Brawith,
Thirsk, had striking examples in the celebrated cow Brawith Bud, sold to
Mr. Grant Duff; in the early cows of the Certainty tribe, and in many direct
and indirect descendants of those beautiful Shorthorns. He was a son of
Mr. Masons Miracle, sold at the Chilton sale in 1829, when four months
old, to Messrs. Reed and Crofton, for 120 gs., and used by Mr. Shaftoe, of
Whitworth Park, at whose sale in 1833, a time of depression and quietness
following the period of high prices, he was offered at a reserve of 40 gs.
and withdrawn without a bid. By his sire, Masons Monarch, Miracle was a
grandson of Satellite; and by his dam, Croftons Premium, he was a grandson
of Mr. Croftons bull Snowdrop, and great- grandson of St. Albans, from
the original Nell Gwynne, or more properly Nell Gwyn. Snowdrops sire, a
son of T. J oblings younger Wellington, was through him grandson to the
elder Wellington, alias Rockingham.
7.21 Mr F. H. Fawkes, of Farnley Hall

The name of Mr. Francis Hawkesworth Fawkes was well known as the
founder of the Farnley Hall herd. Purchases were made from Mr. Whitaker,
of Burley, in Wharfdale. Mr. Fawkes bought the celebrated bull Norfolk
2377, a sire so noted that Mr. Bates sent six heifers to be served by him
from Kirklevington. Mr. Fawkes decided to form a valuable herd. He ad-
mired the cows which Mr. Whitaker had collected at Greenholme, and
arranged to select twenty of them for service by his bull Norfolk. The con-
tract was to hold good for three years, and io gs. was to be paid to Mr.
Whitaker for each calf at a week old, provided there was nothing wrong with
it. Sixty calves came from Greenholme to Farnley, and so well did they turn
out that the first ten bull- calves by Norfolk, when but a year old, averaged
7.21. MR F. H. FAWKES, OF FARNLEY HALL 187
ioo gs. each. The very first bull-calf that was dropped received the title of
Sir Thomas Fairfax 5196.
The Ohio Company offered Mr. Fawkes 400 gs. for Norfolk in vain.
His son, Sir Thomas Fairfax, won at the Royal at Bristol, and twice at the
Yorkshire Show, and there were beautiful daughters by him, as well as by
Norfolk, from that excellent and prolific cow Medora, bred by Mr. Richard
Booth at Studley. Sir Thomas Fairfax went to Brawith when P four years
old at 250 gs. Mr. F. H. Fawkes soon came to occupy a very distinguished
place as a breeder of Shorthorns, and was particularly famous as a breeder
of bulls.
Robinson Crusoe, a massive bull on wonderfully short legs, was much
used at Farnley. Laudable was admired, and Bridegroom was not only a
Royal winner himself, but begat three sonsSir Edmund Lyons, John o Groat,
and General Bosquet-all of whom won first prizes at Royal meetings. A son
of General Bosquet had the distinction of beating Colonel Towneleys Royal
Butterfly at the Royal Show at Chester. At the Plymouth meeting of the
Royal Society Mr. Fawkes was again to the front, and won first prizes with
Friar Tuck and his own brother, Friar Bacon. Again, at the Royal show
at Newcastle he took a first with Marquis and the same honour with Lord
Isabeau.
Mr. Fawkes was very partial to roan, which he preferred to any other
colour, and his experience in this respect was interesting. He found that
white upon red was more likely to produce roans than red upon white.
The Squire of Farnley, like some other distinguished Shorthorn breeders,
was a man of high artistic tastes. He became the friend and patron of
Turner, the great painter, whose works are the never-fading glory of Farnley
and Yorkshire.
When Mr. Ayscough Fawkes inherited the Farnley herd after the death
of his uncle he decided that it would be wise to take in new blood. He bought
from the Duke of Devon- shire Baron Winsome 33,111, of the Kirklevington
Wild Eyes tribe. Mr. F. H. Fawkes had never used a Bates bull, the greater
number of the Farnley stock having descended from the Studley herd of
Mr. Richard Booth, the Verbenas and Alexinas being particularly strong in
numbers. Mr. A. Fawkes bought Mr. Torrs Richmond 37,346, a Booth bull,
at a high figure. He afterwards selected Lord Rector 51,639 of the Lavender
tribe from Aberdeenshire and subsequently came Royal Huntsman 55,477,
of that famous Booth tribe the Killerby Mantalinis. Heir Apparent 65,643
was purchased of Mr. T. Willis, having a strong infusion of the famous
Warlaby sire Windsor. The last bull brought to Farnley was Inter- preter
68,8oi, which was bought at Mr. Robert Thompsons sale in 1895. The herd
was sold in September, 1899, after the death of Mr. Ayscough Fawkes.
7.22 Mr. R. M. Jaques

Mr. R. M. Jaques, St. Trinians, near Richmond, Yorkshire, must be classed
among those early followers of the founders whose herds, although not now
regarded as of first rank, formed in the aggregate a broad and solid foun-
dation, upon which the Shorthorn steadily rose and securely rested. They
were spread over the length and breadth of the land, and by their sterling
merit, and by the influence of each of them around its own locality, won
innumerable friends for the breed, and so multiplied Shorthorns of a good
stamp as to place them within the reach of tenant farmers. It is obviously
upon the favour of the practical agriculturist, and not upon any sport of
fancy which wealth may for a time keep up, that a breed of farm-stock must
depend for the permanence of its position. The Easby or St. Trinians herd
was one which contributed in some measure to the herds of Scotland, and
was itself indebted to the herds of Mr. John Colling, Mr. James Chrisp,
Mr. Booth, Col. Cradock, Mr. Claridge, the Earl of Carlisle, and Sir Henry
Vane-Tempest. In short, contributions had been drawn from some of the
choicest old herds, principally those of Yorkshire, Durham, and Northumber-
land, with a little help from Nottinghamshire. These sources indicate much
determination to have the best. Shorthorns were not so easily portable
in those daysabout seventy years ago, and before the general extension of
railways over the countryas they are at the present time. Among the tribes
represented in the herd were those of Mr. Robert Collings Princess, Mr.
John Collings Rachel (one of whose daughters was the York premium cow
of the year 1838, in a class of fifteei ), Mr. Charles Collings Old Daisy, and
Mr. Booths Red Rose. At the sale by Mr. Wetherell in 1841 the highest
prices were i65 gs. and i6o gs., given by Mr. John Booth and Mr. J. C.
Maynard.
7.23 Mr. Thomas Lax

Mr. Thomas Lax, Ravensworth, Richmond, Yorkshire, was unquestionably
a great breeder, and is associated in Shorthorn history with those famous
early Scotch breeders, Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk, and Mr. Rennie, of
Phantassie. His herd, with Mr. Robert Collings North Star 459 as an early
sire, was filled with the Ladykirk blood, chiefly through Satellite 1420 and
his sons, Richmond 1380 and Wallace 1559. He introduced much of the blood
of Comet 155 from Miss Wrights herd at Cleasby, and of the Old Cherry
and other Hartforth blood, through bulls bred by Col. Cradock, such as
M ssulman 4525, William 4th 5663, and Guardian 3947. His well-known bull
Mehemet Au 7227, uniting the blood of Mussulmafl and William 4th, was
sold to Sir Charles Tempest after severa J years of service at Ravensworth,
and his herd produced many other famous bulls, including Captain Shaftoc
7.24. MR. UNTHANK, NETHERSCALES 189
6833, Baron of Ravensworth 7811, Sheldon 8507 (known as the ancestor

of the Cherry Duchesses), and Duke 9032, sold to Mr. Eastwood, Col.
Towneleys agent, and himself the breeder of a very choice little herd. The
Ravensworth stock, if the character of those animals bred from it which the
writer has seen were fairly representative of its general character, must have
been distinguished by enormous thickness of frame and weight of flesh.
7.24 Mr. Unthank, Netherscales

Mr. John Unthank, Netherscales, Penrith, was prominent among those men
who nearly seventy years ago had begun to bi eed high-class Shorthorns in
Cumberland, and whose influence greatly helped to extend the production of
really good cattle in that county. Several years after he had founded his herd
he purchased that extraordinary cow Old Cherry by Pirate, better known as
Colonel Cradocks Old Cherry, the dam of Gainford 2044, also of Gainfords
full sister Cherry Brandy (of whose descendants one branch became the
Cherry Duchesses and one branch remained at Hartforth), and of Young
Cherry (the dam of Provost 4846), and of Cherry Blossom, the ai cestress
of that beautiful branch of the Cherry. tribe which between forty and fifty
years ago contributed some of the best animals to the herds of Mr. M. S.
Stewart, of Southwick, and Mr. James Douglas, Athelstaneford. There were
two Cherry Blossoms, one from Old Cherry, the other from Young Cherry,
but it was the one from Old Cherry which became the property of Mr.
Stewart, and at Southwick gave birth to animals purchased by Mr. Douglas.
Old Cherry was, moreover, the dam of Guardian 3947, of Henry alias Sir
Walter 4010, and of Mussulman 4525, used by Mr. Lax, of Ravens- worth,
and prominent in Shorthorn history as the sire of Mr. Booths Buckingham
3239. After passing into Mr. Unthanks possession, she bred, at the age
of sixteen years, the bull Wonder 7730 by Sir Francis 6477, and at the age
of seventeen, the heifer, Queen of Trumps by Captain Shaftoe 6833. Her
descendants had multiplied in Cumberland before she went into that county,
and it happened that both the bulls to which she bred at Netherscales were
her own great-grandsons. Sir Francis, by Mr. William Raines Mungo, was
from Helen by Gainford, Old Cherrys son; and Captain Shaftoc, bred by
Mr. Lax, was a son of his Mehemet Ali by Mussulman, also a son of Old
Cherry. Mr. Unthan,k was not a man of exclusive partialities, but his taste
inclined to the Booth type. Among the sires he used was Benedict 7828
of the Warlaby tribe of Blossom, and by Buckingham. Mr. Unthank once
told the writer that Mr. Richard Booths Charity came about nearest of
all the Shorthorns he had ever seen, to his ideal, and he thought that as a
yearling she stood quite matchless in her generation, and probably never to
be surpassed at any time, By her sire, Buckingham, she was a granddaughter
of Old Cherry. Mr. Unthank was certainly one of the best judges of cattle
of his daynot of Shorthorns only, but of cattle generally. His figure in the
ring was a very familiar one to all who frequented the shows,
And Unthank with his light cigar and long judicial boots,
as described by “The Druid” (Mr. H. H. Dixon) in Punch’s “Battle of

Worcester”, in 1863, was always easily recognised by those exhibitors who
had really good animals in the contest.
7.25 Mr. Jonathan Binns

Mr. Jonathan Binns, in the year 1813, founded a small herd of Shorthorns
of the very best blood of the day at Leach House Farm, Lancashire. Mr.
Binns was a land surveyor, an I. author of an excellent illustrated treatise
on the Agriculture of Lancashire, also of a work in two volumes on The
Miseries and Beauties of Ireland. He died February ic, i8 i, at the age of
eighty-five years. To almost the close of his life, retaining his interest in
the Shorthorn and the clear memory of former years, he would describe,
with ut1varyin exactness and evident relish, the appearance of Elvira, pur-
chased by him at Sir H. Vane Tempests sale at Wynyard, in 1813, for 95
gs.her neat, feminine form and lightish hazel colour. Elvira, calved in i8o ,
was a daughter of the famous Barmpton sire, Phenomenon 491, described by
Mr. George Coates as large and good, brother to Wildair, and the dam of
Elvira was Mr. Robert Collings Princess. Elvira, therefore, was own sister
to the original Nell Gwynne and to the bull Wynyard 703, and was closely
relAted to Belvedere 1706 and Waterloo 2 3I6. No cow in England had more
distinguished blood in her veins than Elvira. Mr. Bipns was not personally
a bidder for the cow, but his friend, Mr. Joshua IAnson, acted for him
at the Wynyard sale, and secured the cow so much desired. She was then
about eight years old, and, having bred a calf the immediately preceding
year, was supposed to be a sufficiently safe cow for the investment of so
large a sum of money. She failed, however, to produce a calf in the following
year, but made amends for this by breeding eight calves within the time,
between five and six years, in which she remained in the possession of Mr.
Binns. The list of her calves entered in the Herd Book is incomplete, giving
only two records of twins within those years. Mr. Binns mentioned that she
bred twins three times in his herd, and two other calves singly. Her calves
born before 1812 are not recorded as produce, and no produce is recorded
after 1820, although Elvira certainly continued to breed for many years, as
we shall see presently. Besides her remarkable beauty of style and form,
with the level development of good flesh of a Shorthorn of the highest type,
Elvira had the properties of a first-rate dairy cow. Her constitution carried
her healthily to her twenty-second year, when she was fed off, made flesh
very rapidly, and was described as excellent beef, with 10 stones 12 lbs.
7.25. MR. JONATHAN BINNS 191
of loose fat. In the meantime, however, she had passed into other hands.
In the year 1819 Mr. Binns, obliged to give up his farm, sold his herd.
Lancaster was then an out-of-the-way place for a Shorthorn sale. Buyers
in the neighbourhood were few, and, being few, did not often venture to
give high prices. The twenty-eight animals which composed the herd of
Mr. Binns averaged only Ii 24 1 7s. 4d. Elvira herself, at 3 gs., and
Kate, a prodigious milker, with a subsequent record of twenty-six pounds of
butter in one week, were purchased by Mr. Ferguson, Harker Lodge, near
Carlisle, the authority for the extraordinary weight of butter. Some of the
descendants of Elvira went to Mr. Harrison, Low- fields, Kirkby Lonsdale;
some were long known in the herd of Mr. Ellison, Sizergh, near Kendal, who
exported bulls of that family to Valparaiso; and the herds of Mr. Bradshaw,
Halton Hall; Mr. Webster, Beaumont Grange; and Mr. Bolden, Hyning,
had infusions of Elviras blood. Local tradition, indeed, represents Elviras
son, Fitz Favourite 1042, at Beaumont Grange, as one of the grandest bulls
ever seen, until out- matched, if possible, in excellence by his grandson,
Fitz Form 2024, a son of Sir Henry Carr-Jbbetsons Formosa. An intelligent
old herdsman living between forty and fifty years ago, and at that time in
charge of a very good herd, well remembered those bulls, and constantly
affirmed that he had never seen, and he was certain he never should see
again, the equals of Fitz Favourite and Fitz Form. According to a letter
from Mr. Ferguson to Mr. Binns, Elvira bred a bull-calf in the spring of
1821. That calf was sold to Mr. Fawcett, of Scaleby Castle. In May, 1822,
when she was about seventeen years old, she gave birth to Pizarro, twice
entered in the Herd Book, 1327 and 4715, also bred by Mr. Ferguson, and
sold to Mr. Fawcett, who bought, besides, Elviras daughter, Elvirena, bred
by Mr. Ferguson, and own sister to Moss Rose, Emperor, Empress, White
Rose, Ellen, Princess, Fitz Favourite Constitution, Champion, and Pizarro.
All these sons and daughters of Elvira, and one twin whose name is missing,
were by Newbys Favourite 256, purchased by Mr. Binns after seeing Mr.
Newbys dairy and feeling satisfied that the bull belonged to a good milking
family. A mouse, he used to say, could run over the cream as it stood on the
milk. Mr. Ferguson, in recording at last the happy end of old Elvira and
the maintenance of her profitable character to the last, informed Mr. Binns
that, whilst in his possession, she had bred many valuable calves, so that
she must have continued breeding after Pizarros birth, and almost certainly
up to the age of about twenty years.
Chapter 8
Another group of notable

breeders
The work of several other prominent breeders is noticed in this chapter.

They all contributed their share to the improvement of the breed and
preserved many of the strains that have since occupied a prominent position
in connection with the history of Improved Shorthorns.
8.1 Mr. T. E. Pawlett

A thoughtful and clever man and a successful breeder of Shorthorn cattle
and Leicester sheep was Mr. T. E. Pawlett, of Beeston, Sandy, Bedfordshire.
In his early days he farmed near Stamford and collected a few Shorthorns
about the year 1825. These were of Lord Exeters blood, as were also the first
three bulls he usedNimrod 1725, Burleigh 827, and Anticipation 750. He sold
one of his cows, Millicent by Anticipation, to Mr. Adeane, of Babraham,
Cambridge, and it is worthy of mention that it was from one of her lineal
descendants that Mr. Jonas Webb bred that very fine white bull-calf, First
Fruits, to which the gold medal was awarded at the Royal Agricultural
Societys Show, at Battersea Park, in 1862.
Mr. Pawlett left the farm near Stamford after many years residence and
came to occupy his own farm at Beeston. Here he employed himself with
the breeding of Leicester sheep, with which he was very successful. Prizes
were frequently won, but he, after twenty years, tired of sheep breeding.
The Leicesters were sold in I 86o, and were soon replaced at Beeston by
Shorthorns. It was in that year that Mr. Pawlett purchased at Mr. J. C.
Adkins sale, at Milcote, two cows Charmer 3rd, at 92 gs., and Charmer 6th,
at i6o gs. descendants of the noted cow Sylph by Sir Walter. At the sale
of Mr. Philipss herd at Broomborough, which was held soon after, Fuchsia
2nd (6o gs.), Duchess of Cambridge (90 gs.), Miriam (40 gs.), and Duchess
of Cambridge 2nd (6o gs.), were also bought for Beeston. Five cows and
193
194 CHAPTER 8. ANOTHER GROUP OF NOTABLE BREEDERS
heifers were subsequently got at the Hon. Colonel Dun- combes sales at
Waresley Park. After the date of these purchases it would appear that Mr.
Pawlett turned particular attention to Shorthorns of Booth blood, because
he bought a few animals from Mr. Jolly, of Warlaby, and from Mr. Richard
Chaloner, of Kingsfort.
Early in 1861 he sold privately the animals having Bates blood, which
he had purchased from Mr. Philips in the preceding year. Having now
made up his mind to adopt Booth blood he went, in the autumn of x86i,
to the sale of Mr. William Sandays herd at Holme Pierrepont. There he
bought Fairy for 165 gs., and Faithful for 105 gs., both of the Warlaby Fame
tribe. He hired that fine sire Sir James 16,980, from Mr. R. Booth, and
purchased from Mr. James Douglas a beautiful heifer, Isabella Rose, which
was by the celebrated Sir James the Rose 15,290 from Isabella Hopewell,
dam of the prize bull Lamp of Lothian, sold to Mr. Crosbie for 250 gs. At
the Towneley sale, in 1864, Mr. Pawlett paid 135 gs. for Pride, and 105 gs.
for Pearl, both of the renowned Bracelet tribe of Killerby, and the Booth
tide had now set in strongly and successfully, as events proved.
Three Mantalini females were secured in 1865, viz., Rose of Promise,
her daughter, Rose of Hope, and her granddaughter Rose of Warlaby.
These were splendidly bred, and proved a very fortunate acquisition. This
branch of the Mantalini tribe had become famous in the hands of Mr. James
Douglas, of Athelstaneford, who purchased Rose of Autumn by Sir Henry
10,824, from Mr. La Touche, of Harristown, co. Kildare. She bred Rose of
Summer and Rose of Athelstane, both of which won the three national first
prizes at two years old. Rose of Summer also won the first prize at the great
show in Paris, and she bred Sir James the Rose, sire of the 500 gs. Queen
of Athelstane, and many other prize winners.
Mr. Pawlett sent a few choice cows to Aylesby Manor for service by
Mr. Torrs Breastplate 19,337, and Booth Royal I 5,673, both of the Killerby
Bracelet tribe, and both illustrated in Coates Herd Book.
The fine cow, Pearl, bought at Towneley, bred to Breastplate a bull which
was named Baron Killerby 23,364, and which Mr. Pawlett valued so highly
that he used him throughout the herd. Pearl was by Richard Cceur de Lion
i 3,590, and, as he was not of Booth blood, there was, through him, a strong
infusion of a fresh element; yet there were found some to raise objection to
the cross of this sire, and to attribute to it the occasional appearance of blue
noses.
The herd at Beeston had now attained a good position, and buyers
came from various quarters. The young bulls were sold at good prices, and
doubtful breeders among the cows were not kept to eat their heads off, but
went to the butcher. Mr. Cochrane, of Canada, bought two heifers of Booth
blood at 100 gs. each, and Mr. David McIntosh took four of the Charmer
tribe at the same satisfactory rate. A fine young bull, Royal Booth, was
sold to Australia at 150 gs., and the aged Baron Killerby, when no longer
8.2. THE SEVENTH DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE 195
wanted at Beeston, was bought for the herd of Mr. Cruickshank, Sittyton.
Mr. Pawlett was successful at the shows, having won nearly a hundred
prizes and some f 500. He died at his village home at Beeston, in December,
1871, and the sale of his Shorthorns took place April 4th, 1872. There were
forty lots in the catalogue, representing two tribes, namely, the Mantalini,
bred by Mr. John Booth, of Killerby, and the Fame, bred by Mr. Richard
Booth, of Warlaby; both families or tribes were long extinct at their original
homes. The Mantalinis numbered twenty-one, all descendants of Rose of
Promise, by the Bracelet sire Heir at Law 13,005. The Fames were chiefly
descended from Faithful, bought at Mr. W. Sandays sale. The sires latterly
used in the herd were, like Baron Killerby at an earlier date, bred at home,
but some were by Warlaby bullsLord Blithesome 29,067, the highest-priced
male in the sale, having been got by Mr. Booths Lord Blithe 22,126.
A large company attended at the dispersion, which caused widespread
interest. The fine old cow, Rose of Promise, in her fourteenth year, went
to Mr. Anthony Metcalfe. Her daughter, Rose of Hope, at nine years old,
fell to Mr. R. Marsh, at 350 gs. Rose of Warlaby, seven years old, was
secured by the Rev. T. Stanifort1 at 550 gs. Rose of Killerby went to Mr.
Hugh Aylmer, at 325 gs.; and Rose of Eden joined Mr. Meade Waldos herd.
Rose of Autumn was bought for Canada, at 305 gs., and Mr. Staniforth
claimed Roseberry, out of Rose of Promise, at 330 gs. Of the Fame tribe,
Flora, a daughter of Faithful, was secured by Mr. R. Marsh for 280 gs., and
her daughter Faith fetched 155 gs. Mr. St. John Ackers bought a yearling
Fame, called Diadem, at i6 gs., and a Mantalini at 215 gs. Lord Blithesome
29,067 sold at 330 gs., and Royal Hope went to the Duke of Richmond at
280 gs. Prince Regent 29,667, one of the Fames, was sold at 210 gs. to
Mr. Fowler. Twenty-one Mantalinis averaged 247 7s., and eighteen Fames
averaged 142 9s. The average for the total of forty head was 196.
8.2 The Seventh Duke of Devonshire

Shorthorn breeding at Holker has a history extending over more than half
a century. The foundation of the first herd was laid by the Seventh Duke
of Devonshire when Earl of Burlington, and for more than fifty years the
stewardship of the estate and management of the Shorthorns were in the able
hands of the late Mr. George Drewry. The first Holker herd was disposed
of on the 12th of September, 1851, when forty- five cows and heifers and
eight bulls were entered in the sale catalogue. Some of them realised good
priceshigh prices for that day. The prevailing blood in the herd was that
of Castle Howard. Earl Spencers Homer 2134 and the Earl of Carlisles Sir
Launcelot 5 i66 were the sires of some of the more notable elder cows; Union
Jack 8726, a son of Sir Charles Tempests Dan OConnell, and Howard 9224,
a son of Homer, the sires of many of the younger females; and Mr. Bates
Balco 9918, purchased by the Earl of Burlington at the Kirklevington sale

sixteen months previously, was the sire of some young calves, whilst most
of the cows and heifers were breeding to him. Balco headed the list of bulls
for sale, and subsequently, in the herd of Mr. Ambler, of Watkinson Hall,
Halifax, became the sire of the prize bull Captain Balco. Of the Wild Eyes
line direct, Balco had, in addition to the ancestry of the original Wild Eyes
(the cow by Emperor), purchased by Mr. Bates, the sires Belvedere, Duke
of Northumberland (by Belvedere, dam also by Belvedere), Fourth Duke of
Northumberland (by a son and from a daughter of Belvedere), and Fourth
Duke of York (full of Belvederes blood by repeated descents), so that at that
early period of Holker Shorthorn breeding the strain which predominated
at Kirk- levington at the time of Mr. Bates death, the Princess strain, was
introduced through the leading sire. One of the cows by Homer, Sultana, was
bought by Mr. Saunders, of Nunwick, for 85 gs., and another, Buttercup,
by the same sire, became the property of Mr. S. E. Bolden, who bred from
her, besides a very handsome bull, named Cavendish, sold to Lord Hill, the
heifer Bijou, both by Grand Duke 10,284. Bijous descendants of the name
of Bracelet formed a family, or sub-tribe, of considerable repute, falling into
the hands of well-known breeders, and often commanding high prices at their
sales. The second Holker herd was founded soon after the dispersion of the
former herd. At Earl Ducies sale in 1853 Mr. Drewry bought Nonsuch and
Oxford i th, the latter then a yearling heifer. From her the Grand Duchesses
of Oxford and the Dukes of Oxford, bred at Holker, were all descended. In
the spring of 1855, when Mr. Tanquerays herd was sold at Hendon, he
added Minstrel, of the Gwynne tribe, Lady l3arrington 8th, and Cleopatra.
At later periods he introduced other branches of the Oxford and Barrington
tribes, purchasing Mr. McIntoshs Lady Oxford 5th, a cow of extraordinary
merit and beauty, from which he bred the Baronesses and Barons Oxford.
The Lally branch of the Barrington tribe came from the herd of Mr. Grundy,
of The Dales. The Winsome branch of the Wild Eyes tribe, from Mr. A.
L. Maynards herd at Marton-le-Moor, the Oxford Roses, bred from Rose
of Raby, a grand cow from the herd of Mr. Surtees, and the Blanches, of
the old Sockburn tribe, had all been associated with the fame of Holker,
whilst the best bulls that money could procure or skill produce were used as
sires. As specimens of the purchased sires, Lord Oxford 20,214, Tenth Grand
Duke 21,848, and Fifth Duke of Wetherby 31,033 may be mentioned, and
among those selected for home use out of the produce of the herd, Fourth
Baron Oxford 25,580 by Seventh Duke of York 17,754 from Lady Oxford
5th, and several of the Dukes of Oxford. As regards the public sales which
were so successful it may be recalled here that in 1864 thirty animals were
sold at an average of /66 35., nineteen females averaging /64 45. 4d., and
eleven bulls /69 9s. iod. In i8 i, forty-three averaged /240 I 3s. iod., the
thirty-one females averaging /248 2s. id., and the twelve bulls /221 i is.
At this sale eight animals of the Oxford tribe averaged /588 each. In 1874,
8.3. MR. RAYMOND BRUERE 197
forty-three animals made an average of /383 I 35. 3d., twenty-eight females

averaging /462 8s. 3d., and fifteen males /236 135. 5d., and the average
for eleven Oxfords, male and female, was /691 I IS. 3d. The year 1878,
although three years after the Dunmore and Aylesby sales, which occupy
the summit of the great rise in Shorthorn prices, and from which a gradual
decline began, is still a memorable year in the records of Holker. Thirty
animals were sold, of which nine were Oxfords, and those nine Oxfords
realised an average of /1636 55. each, whilst the general average of the sale
was /664 Is. iod., that of eighteen females I IS. 2d., and the average of
twelve bulls /468 7s. 9d. From that year prices, even at Holker, partook
of the general depression, and fluctuated with the demand for Shorthorns.
The fashion which for many years had so great a hold upon the class of
wealthy buyers of Shorthorns lost its fascinating power, and an altogether
different basis of valuation, still recognised, was adopted. Upon this basis
the Shorthorns of Holker commanded prices which before the days when
thousands of pounds for a single animal were often paid, would have been
considered very high value. The Seventh Duke of ANOTHER GROUP OF
NOTABLE BREEDERS 221 Devonshire died in 1891. The herd was sold
in 1896, but the Right Hon. Victor Cavendish, who succeeded to the estate,
continues to breed Shorthorns, and selected the nucleus of a new herd.
8.3 Mr. Raymond Bruere

Mr. Raymond S. Bruere, of Braithwaite Hall, near Middle- ham, imbibed
the taste for Shorthorns during his schooldays, at Ripon, in 1824 and the
following years, when Mr. Richard Booth, who then lived at Studley, often
asked him to come out and look over the fine herd there. He was greatly
struck with those splendid animals. Mr. Bruere had. intended to settle
in Australia, but took a great liking for Shorthorns, and decided he could
live happily in England, by settling down quietly to farming and rearing a
herd of his favourite breed. He accordingly took a farm at Agglethorpe, in
Coverdale, and began a herd with Lily and Damsel, half sisters by Cleve-
land 3404, and Lilys dam and Leaf, both by Burton 3250, a son of the
iooo gs. Comet 155. Chance and Shipton were the first bulls he used.
The latter came from Mr. Edwards, of Market Weighton. Having spent
some fifteen years at Agglethorpe, he removed to Braithwaite Hall, the farm
attached to which lay high, and adjoined the moors, where blackcock and
grouse were plentiful. There were no rich pastures such as are found in the
valleys of the Wharfe and of the Tees, and it was very difficult to maintain
a herd properly under such unfavourable conditions. At Braithwaite he had
eventually six tribes, which were descended from Kate, Damsel, Leaf, Lily,
Vesper, and Garnet, and these were respectively named Sweets, Roses, Leafs,
Flowers, Vespers, and Precious Stones. Among the bulls which Mr. Bruere
successfully used in the herd at Braithwaite, were The Silky Laddie 10,947,
and his half-brother Sylvan King 13,819. These were descended from Mr.
John Collings celebrated cow Rachel, the foundress of the tribe, eighteen of
which averaged (92 6s. at his sale in 1839. Sub- sequently Mr. Bruere used
sires which were hired from his friends, Messrs. John Booth, of Killerby, and
Richard Booth, of Warlaby. From the former came, at 100 gs., the noted
bull Arthurhalf-brother to the beautiful Venus de Mediciswho did a great
deal of good, and whose name in the pedigrees proved of great value. Prince
George 13,510 was the next arrival, a very good bull, rather yellow in his
head, and he got his stock somewhat plain in colour, red with white legs.
The Royal prize bull Windsor, a first-rate sire from Warlaby, occupied
the place of honour from i86o to i86i. After his return to Warlaby from
Mr. W. Carrs he had not been working satisfactorily, but the change of air
and Mr. Bruere’s careful management were successful, and thirteen cows
and heifers were got in calf to this famous white which, in mere working
condition, had beaten everything at the meeting of the Royal Agricultural
Society at Carlisle. Of Mr. Bruere’s cattle it may be said that they were all
distinguished for their nice shapes and quality; they milked well, and were
in moderate condition, some being rather undersized, as the land was poor.
When pure Booth blood became so much in fashion the Vesper tribe
came to the front, and went clear ahead of all the others at Braithwaite.
Baron Booth of that blood was sold to Mr. Barclay, of Keavil for 200 gs.; he
won the prize at Bedale as best animal in the show, and became the sire of
the first and second-prize calves at the Highland Societys show in 1869. On
the occasion when Mr. Cochrane, of Hillhurst, Quebec, came to England
to purchase some of the choicest Shorthorns of Booth and Bates blood that
could be obtained, he paid Mr. Bruere 500 gs. for one of his Vespers, a
price which greatly enhanced the reputation of the tribe. The Vespers were
generally neat, handsome animals and very full of Booth blood, but reared
poorly. They had not, of course, the substance or the massive character
possessed by Booth cattle fed on rich lands, such as those at Warlaby When
Mr. Cochrane sent his herd to be sold on the shore of Windermere, in 1879,
it included two females of the Vesper tribe; one, a large cow, vent for 1000
gs. to Mr. Talbot-Crosbie, and a handsome roan heifer went to Mr. Alfred
Darby at 700 gs. In his lonely home Mr. Bruere became a great student of
pedigree, and after a vast amount of labour he drew out on a large sheet
his famous Booth Tree. This sheet was filled with names and dates, and it
had banners for the ten great tribes, each flag painted into its place and also
grouped at the top, where bulls bred by Booth were to the right, and bulls
introduced into the Booth herds at the left.
8.4. MR. TORR, OF AYLESBY 199
8.4 Mr. Torr, of Aylesby

Mr. William Torr, so widely known as Torr of Aylesby, was one of the best
farmers and one of the greatest breeders of Shorthorns who ever lived in
England. He was a born judge in the same sense as we say that a poet is
born, not made. Though a strong Conservative in politics he was liberal
in his views and catholic in his tastes. He began to breed, and for a long
time pursued his course as a breeder, before there was any fashion, such as
became in later years so severely manifested and so powerful. He knew good
cattle when he saw them, and being entirely free from bigotry and prejudices
belonging to it which warp mens judgment, he collected the foundations of
his herd and made additions to it subsequently, according to the best of
his lights. He arrived at conclusions upon what he considered sound and
sufficient data, and once he formed his opinion he could not be shaken. He
was, in a word, a pre-eminently strong man. His energy was enormous, and
his spirit masterful. As a judge at the leading shows in the three kingdoms
his services were greatly in request. He quickly made up his mind, after
due examination, as to the merits of the animals placed before him in the
ring, and his decisions upon them, once formed, were never altered by his
colleagues when they happened to differ from him. At an early date he
strongly admired cattle of Booth blood, and in the forties he considered
that Mr. John Booths herd at Killerby was, beyond question, the best small
herd in England. He was, however, a strong admirer of Mr. Bates strains,
and while he regarded Mr. John Booths Bracelet as the best cow he ever
saw, he placed Mr. Bates Duke of Northumber- land in the same lofty
position among bulls. He purchased one of the Kirklevington Waterloos td
found a tribe at Aylesby, and this tribe he held to the last in high esteem.
Many Royal winners issued from the Aylesby Waterloos when shown by
Lord Polwarth, Mr. Beattie, of Newbie, and others. A Booth tribe, that
of the Studley Old Anna, came to Aylesby in the person of the handsome
cow Rennet, which Mr. Torr purchased very cheaply at Mr. Marjoribanks
sale, in consequence of her being lame. Mr. Harvey Combe offered him on
the evening after the sale double the price he had paid for her. She was the
foundress of the great Riby tribe which became so famous. Another member
of the Anna tribe, bred for a time in the celebrated herd of Mr. Arbuthnot,
was bought by Mr. Torr, and from her the Aylesby Brights were descended.
The noted Flower tribe runs back through the Colling herds to the earliest
recorded pedigrees. One of its members, Sweetbrier by North Star 459,
fetched 145 gs. at the sale of Mr. Robert Collings herd, at Barmpton,
in i8i8, a period when agriculture was depressed because the high prices
prevailing during the war with Napoleon had ceased to be. From Sweetbrier
the Aylesby Flowers were descended. They were great upstanding cattle,
bred well, and though they were very strongly topped with Booth bulls,
many Warlaby sires appearing in succession in their pedigrees, they main-
tained their individuality. The well-known tribe of Sylph by Sir Walter 2637,
was procured by the purchase of Lady Mary Bountiful for 120 gs., at Mr.
Duddings sale, at Panton. Mr. Torr sold many of these from time to time,
and they never figured numerously in the herd at Aylesby. Young bulls
of this strain were often sold at high prices. Two excellent families were
known as the G.s and the M.s, descended, respectively, from Golden Beam
and Moonbeam, both of which were got by Prince Comet 1342. They were
bought from Mr. Robson, of Cadeby, whose herd Mr. Torr always said was
the best large herd (of over one hundred head) he ever saw. Mr. Torr was,
as already stated, an admirer of Booth blood. Mr. Richard Booth and he
were intimate friends, and from Warlaby he hired bulls uninterruptedly for
many years, even to the last. He had really his choice of the sires let from
that great herd, and he was the only breeder to whom was let the excellent
bull Crown Prince 10,087, the sire of those marvellous heifers which for
years carried all before them at the Royal and other important shows.
Admiring as he did the celebrated Killerby cow Bracelet and her beau-
tiful twin-sister Necklace, he purchased a cow of that tribe, which bred, at
Aylesby, Young Bracelet by Mr. Richard Booths Hopewell 10,332. As Mr.
Torr did not think it wise to breed too long exclusively from Warlaby bulls,
he was very anxious to get a sire of the Killerby Bracelet tribe for use in his
herd, and this bull so much desired was soon born from a beautiful cow of
that family. This was Breastplate 19,337 (illustrated in Coates Herd Book),
which Mr. Torr considered the best bull he ever bred, and which was doubly
descended from the Killerby herd, inasmuch as he was got by the Mantalini
sire Dr. McHale 15,887, which was hired from Mr. Thomas Barnes, of
Westland, co. Meath. Breastplate was used at Aylesby for thirteen years
with the utmost satisfaction, and the blood of the Killerby Bracelet tribe
was thus thoroughly infused into the herd. Mr. Torr determined also to
bring into his herd the celebrated Mantalini strain of Killerby by using bulls
directly descended from that beautiful cow, of which a picture appears in
Coates Herd Book, taken from the painting by Foster. Mantalini won four-
teen important prizes, and was long one of the attractions at Killerby. To
effect his purpose Mr. Torr hired from Mr. Barnes, of Westland, the gold
medal bull Dr. McHale 15,887, winner of numerous challenge plates, and
a son of the great sire Monk 11,824, from Sylph, one of the best Mantalini
cows eVer bred by Mr. Barnes. At later periods came three other bulls of
the same tribe from Westland, namely, Duke of York 23,804, Lord Napier
26,688, and Royal Prince 27,384. These Bracelet and Mantalini sires infused
a certain amount of fresh blood into the Aylesby herd, which tended to keep
it in a vigorous condition.
After Mr. Torrs death on December 12th, 1874, his magnificent herd,
the result of long, arduous, and successful labours (in which he was for years
assisted by Mr. Chas. W. Tindall), was dispersed in September, 1875, the
sale proving the most successful auction of cattle of Booth blood ever held
8.4. MR. TORR, OF AYLESBY 201
in the world. It is, therefore, referred to here at some length.

A very large company assembled at the sale, which was conducted by
Mr. Thornton, the number being estimated at three thousand. Excitement
ran high; the biddings were often furious, and money appeared to be of little
value in the minds of the bidders; the favourite animals were to be secured
at, as it seemed at the moment, any price. For several of the heifers, as soon
as they entered the ring, the opening bid was 1000 gs. each. The beginning
of the sale was good, and its success was assured when Lady Pigot, the queen
of the Booths, as she was termed, bought the red-and-white eleven-year-old
cow Bright Queen for 750 gs. This old cow was lame from rheumatism, but
her shape and quality were superb. There were fourteen other scions of the
Bright tribe to be sold, and this start by Lady Pigot gave them a decided
lift. Shortly after this, Mr. T. C. Booth, of Warlaby, gave 405 gs. for the
white ten-year-old cow Bright Countess. When that name was mentioned a
running fire of cheers issued from every corner of the surrounding ring. A
wealthy and very handsome heifer of the Studley Anna sort, named Riby
Empress, xvent at 2100 gs. to Mr. T. C. Booth, of Warlaby. Several of
the Brights, also descendants of the Studley Anna by Pilot 496, made very
high prices to go to Warlaby, which was enriched by a dozen females from
this splendid Aylesby collection. The most remarkable feature, indeed, was
that Mr. T. C. Booth bought twelve females at a cost of 12,122. Sir Jacob
Wilson, acting for Lord Tankerville, made some valuable purchases, and the
United States were represented by that accomplished gentleman, Mr. J. H.
Pickrell, the President of the Shorthorn Society of America. A superb cow
of the Flower tribe, Mountain Flower, fell to the Rev. Thomas Staniforth at
1500 gs., and her beautiful daughter, Heather Flower, accompanied her to
Storrs Hall at iooo gs. For the lovely rich roan heifer-calf Riby Marchioness
Mr. Talbot-Crosbie, of co. Kerry, paid over 1300. He was determined to
secure one Riby, cost what she might, for this was the memorable dispersion
sale of the herd of a most illustrious breeder.
The sale was, in one respect, quite unique, inasmuch as all the animals
offered (numbering altogether eighty-four) were bred on the farm by the late
owner.
The blood of this famous herd was widely disseminated. Out of the
thirteen bulls, Mrs. Gather took two to Ireland, Sir Win. Stirling Maxwell
took one to Scotland, Mr. Harrison secured one for California, and Mr.
Marshall took another to New Zealand. Sir Matthew White Ridley and
Lord Tanker- yule carried two to Northumberland. Mr. Pickrell bore away
one for Illinois; Rutlandshire had one bought by Mr. Fowler, and Norfolk
got another, bought by the Rev. Mr. Micklethwaite. Mr. Pole-Gell took one
to Derbyshire, and Mr. Ayscough Fawkes purchased another for Yorkshire.
Many years will roll by, and others will be added to them, before the impress
of William Torr will fade away from the place of which he was so long a living
centre and a big power. The result of this celebrated sale was that eighty-
four lots averaged 510 19s., and the total sum realised was 42,919 i6s.
Mr. Torr always said that it took the best breeder thirty years to breed
a herd, and he could not afford to make mistakes in selection. His maxim
was, Cull the worst, and never sell the best females, no matter how tempted
by price. This was fully carried out for thirty years or more, and hence the
result.
8.5 Mr. Hugh Aylmer, West Dereham

Mr. Hugh Aylmer, West Dereham Abbey, Norfolk, was another able and
distinguished breeder, his greatest successes having been attained with long-
wool sheep and Shorthorn cattle. The flock was older than the herd, having
been established in i8i8 by Mr. Aylmers father. The herd of Shorthorns was
commenced by Mr. Hugh Aylmer in the year 1846. The best bulls obtainable
from Mr. Booths herd at Warlaby were for many years selected and used,
with the occasional use of good bulls bred at home, so that the Shorthorns
assumed a thoroughly Booth character, which was further enhanced by the
occasional purchase of some of the finest Booth coxvs as they came into the
market. In i866, more than one-half of the herd was lost with cattle plague.
The herd latterly consisted of thirteen families. These were as follows :The
Mistresses (of Killerby origin), obtained by the purchase of Mistress Mar-
garet at the Rev. J. Storers sale in 1868. The Ladies and Phillises, both
springing from one foundation cow, were bought of Mr. Jolly, at Warlaby,
in October, i866. The Eastthorpe Strawberries, a grand tribe, obtained by
the purchase of Eva at Mr. R. Duddings sale, at Panton, i86o. The Straw-
berry Duchesses, originally bred by Mr. Troutbeck, of Blencow, and full of
Colling blood, purchased from Mr. R. F. Housman, in October, 1866. The
Gems were obtained by the purchase of Gem at Mr. Crawleys sale, at Stock-
wood Park, in i 86o; and the Roseleaves, by the purchase of Roseleaf at Mr.
Wetherells sale in 1859. The Floras had been bred by Mr. John Gamble, in
Norfolk, since the year 1838, when Young Seedling was obtained from Lord
Huntingfield. The Blisses and Castanets, of Warlaby origin, were obtained
from Mr. Jon. Peel and Messrs. Atkinson, of Peepy. The Flowers were
from Mr. W. Torr, of Aylesby. The C.s were descended from Mr. J. Booths
Chalk, bred at Killerby, whose daughter Calomel was purchased from Mr.
Carr in i866. The Killerbys, an offshoot of this tribe, traced from Lady Hes-
seltine (daughter of Calomel) by Mr. R. Booths British Boy 11,206. The G.s
descended from Mr. Torrs Golden Rose, bred at Aylesby, came from Hon.
G. E. Lascelles in 1867. The Maids, an old Yorkshire tribe, from Messrs.
Woodhouse, near Ripon, obtained from Lady Pigot in 86o. In the spring
of 1883 the herd having increased in number beyond the accommodation of
the farms, seventy families and some young bulls, comprising seventy-three
head, were sold at an average of 70. The herd then consisted of the Bliss,
8.6. MR. S. E. BOLDEN AND THE GRAND DUCHESSES 203
Fame, Chalk, Flower, Golden, and Maid families. Royal Fame 52,035 was
extensively used and was a celebrated sire; he was used one season at War-
laby, and twelve of his bulls one year at West Dereham averaged 175. At
the dispersion of the Aylesby herd in 1875 Foreign Beauty was bought for
the purpose of breeding a bull, and the great substance with quality and
masculine character of her sonSir Simeon 42,412 by the Warlaby sire Sir
Wilfredas well as the high character of his offspring, showed the judgment
and success of the transaction. For many years about fifteen to twenty bulls
were annually sold privately at prices ranging from 50 to 250 gs. each, and
these were dispersed into the principal counties of England, to Scotland,
Ireland, the United States, and Canada (where they won many prizes, as
well as to New Zealand and Australia, the stock realising there from 300 to
700 gs. each); also to all parts of the Continent. It had never been the cus-
tom to show, but many prizes xvere won with the stock. The herd was one
of great uniformity, the animals having fine fore- quarters, strong back and
loins, great ribs, long hind-quarters, well-developed thighs, and generally
good udders, as well as lean flesh and a great aptitude for grazing. In 1892
the herd had again increased so much that another sale was held, when four
other familiesthe C.s, Killerbys, the G.s, and the Maids were parted with.
The ready and remunerative sale for the young bulls and the demand for the
heifers showed not only that the stock were admired in their native pastures,
but that they were highly appreciated in foreign lands. Mr. Aylmer was
born at Whinborough, near East Dereham, on April 27th, 1817; and died on
May i6th, 1894. The herd of ninety-one head was dispersed on June 29th,
1894, at an average of Ii . i8s. 3d.
8.6 Mr. S. E. Bolden and the Grand Duchesses

Mr. Samuel Edward Bolden, Springfield Hall, Lancashire, bought Duchess
51st at the Kirklevington sale. She bred two heifers by Grand Duke 10,234, a
bull bred by Mr. Bates, which Mr. Bolden bought for 205 gs. and afterwards
sold to America for 1000 gs. These heifers he crossed with Cherry Duke
12,589 and Prince Imperial 15,095. This bold course was strongly objected
to by the Bates party, but Mr. Bolden pursued his plans with undaunted
spirit. Cherry Duke, as his name implies, was from Colonel Cradocks Old
Cherry sort, and Prince Imperial was from a pure Booth cow of the Warlaby
Bliss tribe. The produce, which thus inherited fresh blood, were not put
to a pure Bates bull, but Mr. Bolden elected to cross them with Grand
Duke 3rd 16,182, which was descended on the sires side from the celebrated
Warlaby cow Farewell, the ancestress of Mr. Booths Crown Prince 10,087,
as well as of the famous prize cows Hope, Charity, Faith, and other noted
animals. It may be observed that Duchess 51st had also been put to Mr.
Booths Leonidas, but she unluckily bred a dead calf. It is thus clear that
Mr. Bolden determined to rather alter the Duchess type by taking in blood
from the rival party, a very daring stroke, but while he made an alteration
he took care not to lose the genuine Bates typethe type which notoriously
distinguished that blood.
In 1862, Mr. Bolden sold his entire herd to Mr. Atherton, and retired
from the pursuit of Shorthorn breeding, in which he was so very much distin-
guished. The Grand Duchess tribe were, however, immediately transferred
to Mr. Hegan, of Dawpool, with the exception of three Grand Duke bulls.
There were nine Grand Duchesses, two of which were barren, and it was
understood that for these and four Grand Dukes the price paid was 5000 gs.
The new home of the Grand Duchesses at Dawpool was not a good
exchange from Springfield, for the pastures were not really fit for cattle.
The soil was a sandy one, and there was little nutrition in the grass, or
in any other of its productions. The cows were constantly fed in a very
artificial manner, and were much confined in the handsome boxes erected for
their accommodation. The owner, like most beginners, liked to see his cattle
very fat, and to witness the surprise and admiration with which visitors from
Liverpool viewed the stock. The sire which Mr. Hegan used to the Grand
Duchesses at Dawpool was Imperial Oxford 18,084 (bred by Mr. Thorne,
U.S.A.), a son of the 1000 gs. Second Grand Duke 12,961, and from the
celebrated bull breeder, Oxford 13th, bred at Kirklevington. This capital
sire was purchased by Mr. Boldens advice, which xvas given, not because
Imperial Oxford was a pure Bates bull, but because he was a heavy- fleshed
animal of a type which seemed suitable for assimilation with that which
Mr. Bolden had himself evolved, and because he appeared likely to prove of
assistance in maintaining, by the excellence of his offspring, the high position
for merit which was enjoyed by the Grand Duchesses, and which was to a
great extent achieved by the exercise of that fine judgment in the selection
of sires for which Mr. Bolden was so distinguished.
Mr. Hegan died in 1865, and the herd was sold under novel circum-
stances. The Grand Duchesses remained at Dawpool, in Cheshire, but the
sale was held at Willis Rooms in London.
It was arranged that the cows and heifers, which numbered twelve, should
be put up for auction in lots of three, and that the bulls should be sold singly.
The first lot were all by Prince Imperial, and their price was 1900 gs.; the
second lot had both Prince Imperial and Cherry Duke in their pedigrees they
fetched 8oo gs.; while lot 4, which had the Cherry Duke cross, brought 1200
gs., and would have made a higher price, but that it xvas then suspected that
one buyer meant to have the whole twelve, and the company very naturally
felt sympathy with the person who was about to become the owner of the
Grand Duchesses, and had shown such spirit by his unprecedented biddings.
At the close of the sale it was announced that the buyer of the entire herd
was Mr. E. Ladd Betts, of Preston Hall, Kent, who thus secured the lot at
6 10, an average of I’542 ios., the highest ever reached up to that date, and
8.6. MR. S. E. BOLDEN AND THE GRAND DUCHESSES 205
considerably larger than that realised for the Duchesses at Tortworth. The
highest priced bull, Grand Duke ioth, was bought by Mr. Drewry for the
Duke of Devonshire for 6oo gs., and his pedigree showed descent not only
from Cherry Duke 2,589, but also from Prince Imperial 15,095 and Grand
Duke 3rd 16,182.
Preston Hall Farm, in the beautiful valley of the Medway, was then made
the home of the Grand Duchesses, and many a breeder wished them good
fortune in their new abode, and every good luck to their spirited owner. It
was unfortunate that two years after Mr. Betts had purchased the Grand
Duchesses, the failure of some large speculations robbed him of the bulk
of his fortune, and compelled him to sell not only his herd, but Preston
Hall itself. The sale of the Shorthorns was announced to take place on May
1st, 1867, and the herd was found to be large and very select. An immense
company gathered around the sale ring, and the first lot was Grand Duchess
5th, by Prince Imperial. This fine cow, though bearing the marks of age,
was much admired, and showed signs of milk. She went at a speculative
price, 200 gs., to the Duke of Devonshire, but her own sister, a year younger,
Grand Duchess 7th, which produced a calf in the March preceding, brought
550 gs. from Lord Penrhyn.
It was at this Preston Hall sale that Captain Oliver procured Grand
Duchesses 17th and i8th. For the Seventeenth he paid 850 gs., the highest
price ever paid for a female Shorthorn up to that time, and for th Eigh-
teenth his closing bid was 710 gs. The former was a daughter of Imperial
Oxford 18,084 and of Grand Duchess ioth, which had the double Booth cross
through Grand Duke 3rd 16,182 and Prince Imperial 15,095, and she was
generally considered the best heifer in the sale. Mr. Olivers second pur-
chase, Grand Duchess i8th, was also by Imperial Oxford and from Grand
Duchess 9th by Grand Duke 3rd, granddam by Cherry Duke. These heifers
were almost exactly the same age, rather over two and a half yearsthe for-
mer had produced a calf, and the latter was due to calve; but the journey
to Northamptonshire told unfavourably upon her at this critical time, and
she lost her calf, and did not at all prove a lucky purchase. The average for
the Grand Duchesses was f468 6s., but it was much reduced owing to the
fact that one of them was quite a hopeless breeder and fetched only 8o gs.,
and there were two calves little more than a month old.
It had been considered by many that Mr. Bolden had not pursued a
wise course in his plan of breedingthat he was, in fact, spoiling his pedigrees
and depreciating the selling value of his cattle. When, however, the Grand
Duchesses were publicly sold after Mr. Hegans death, it would have been a
person of dull intellect who could not have read in that event the triumph
of Mr. Boldens judgment.
An educated judgment is required by a breeder of Short- horns to enable
him to find a bull suitable for use in his particular herd. A very remark-
able instance of this is furnished by the history of Grand Duke, already
referred to in this sketch of the Springfield Hall herd. Grand Duke was pur-
chased at the sale of Mr. Thomas Bates herd in 1850 at Kirklevington by
Mr. Shepherd, Shethin, Aberdeen. This bulls stock proved unsatisfactory
and disappointing, and, accordingly Mr. Shep- herd decided to use him no
longer, and to sell him. Mr. S. E. Bolden heard about this, and at once
set out for Aberdeenshire, and bought Grand Duke at the same price which
Mr. Shepherd paid for him, 205 gs.
As has been mentioned, Mr. Bolden had been a buyer at the Kirkleving-
ton sale, having there secured Duchess 51 st, which became the ancestress
of the Grand Duchesses. That the Duke should get fine stock from Bates
cows is, of course, nothing remarkable, because they were of his type and
blood. Mr. Bolden had, however, cows of an entirely different strain and
type, inasmuch as he had bought pure Booth cows from their breeder, Mr.
Richard Booth, of Warlaby; upon these he used Grand Duke, and instead
of the produce proving a failure, as did those bred by Mr. Shepherd, at
Shethin, the get of Grand Duke were of a noticeable excellence. For exam-
ple, the great bull Grand Turk was by Grand Duke, out of the Warlaby-bred
Rachel. Grand Turk was the second best bull in England for three years,
and was only beaten by Colonel Towneleys Master Butterfly at the Chelms-
ford Royal Show in i8 6, where that famous bull was sold to go to Australia
for 1200 gs. Another celebrated son of Grand Duke was May Duke, who
was also bred from a pure Booth cow. This beautiful bull was sold to Mr.
William Carr, of Stackhouse. There are yet two other famous sons of Grand
Duke to mentionthe First and Second Dukes of Bolton, both of whom were
out of Florence, a daughter of Mr. R. Booths noted cow Fame. Mr. William
Sanday (of Leicester sheep notoriety) said that Duke of Bolton xvas a re-
markably heavy- fleshed bull, and got him that stock. The Second Duke of
Bolton got, amongst many other grand animals, Third Grand Duke, one of
the most magnificent bulls living in his day, and so highly esteemed by Mr.
John Unthank and Mr. Thomas Barnes, of Moynalty, co. Meath, that the
latter gentleman sent over his prize pure Booth cow Sylph, of the Mantalini
tribe, the dam of the gold medal bull, Dr. McHale, to Springfield Hall, for
service by him.
8.7 Mr. David McIntosh

A name which is entitled to rank amongst those of leading Shorthorn breed-
ers who have lived during the past half a century is that of Mr. David
McIntosh, of Havering Park, near Romford, in the county of Essex. Early
imbued with a love for Shorthorns, he made the acquaintance of Mr. Thomas
Bates, whom he visited, and with whom he discussed the subject of breed-
ing. He also examined the herds of other breeders who held a prominent
place in 1840 and later. He admired the Bates type above all others, and
8.7. MR. DAVID MCINTOSH 207
always said that Duke of Northumberland, Mr. Bates Royal winner at Ox-
ford in 1839, was the grandest bull he ever saw. As evidencing, however, his
catholic tastes, he gave the first place among the cows he had seen to Mr.
John Booths Bracelet. He regretted that she was not mated with Duke of
Northumberland, as he fancied their offspring should have been something
superlative. He thought that her twin sister Necklace was fairly beaten at
York by Mr. T. Bates Duchess 34th, and he thus placed Bracelet at the
top of the tree. Necklace xvas admittedly a cow of great excellence, and
occupied the first place in many contests. Mr. McIntosh was a man of large
fortune, and Havering is an extensive and handsome place.
Liking the Bates type, Mr. McIntosh collected, as opportunity offered,
animals of that blood, and his herd comprised many noted tribes, such as
the Oxford, the Waterloo, the Barrington, and the Princess. Sir Charles
Knightleys blood was also present in the Fawsleys and the Charmers. Mr.
McIntosh declined to follow the fashion of breeding exclusively from xvhat
were known as pure Bates sires, as he felt confident that an admixture of
Booth blood was valuable. He had the prescience to purchase some animals
bred in America, which were descended from Mr. Bates stock, be- lieving, as
he did, that change of climate, soil, and food for many years were valuable
and renovating to the constitution, particularly in the case of cattle which
had been closely bred. One of these importations from the United States was
the fine bull Third Duke of Thorndale 17,749, who was by Grand Turk, a son
of the thousand guineas Grand Duke, from the Booth cow Rachel. To him
he put Lady Oxford 4th, and the produce, a heifer, was so handsome that
he decided on ex hibiting her, and thereby showing clearly to the followers
of the close-breeding policy the advantage of an infusion of Booth blood to
Bates tribes. The calf was named Lady Oxford 5th, and she was shown at
the Royal meeting at Worcester when under twelve months old. She was not
only an easy winner of first prize in her class, but so great was her excellence
that the judges would have awarded her a gold medal as best female in the
yard if such a trophy had been at their comm md. Mr. McIntoshs herd grew
large, and he had a sale in 1867, at which fifty-seven head averaged over fi
i6. The Oxfords were the leading feature of the occasion, and the beautiful
Lady Oxford 5th was bought by that good judge Mr. Drewryfor the Duke of
Devonshirefor 6oo gs. In the sixties this was deemed a high price, but this
grand cow proved, indeed, a very fortunate purchase. Her descendants made
immense prices at Holker in the boom of the seventies, and, furthermore,
she bred, to Seventh Duke of York, the famous white bull Baron Oxford
4th, which did wonders in the Dukes herd. When Lady Oxford 5th was
seen in full maturity, she was in every way a noble-looking Shorthorn. Mr.
McIntosh placed a reserve of 1000 gs. upon Lady Oxford 4th, and she was
not sold. Baron Oxford was purchased by Colonel Towneley for 500 gs.,
and Baron Oxford 2nd vent to Mr. E. Holland at the same price. After
the sale in 1867 Mr. McIntosh at once began to lay the foundation of a
new herd, and he bought at Mr. Betts dispersion, at Preston Hall, Grand
Duchess 21st, a calf with the Booth cross, for 330 gs. He also purchased some
Knightleys from various sources, and from Mr. R. Chaloner, of Kingsfort,
he got several females of Mr. Bates Waterloo tribe which had Booth crosses.
Fourth Grand Duke, who had a rather strong infusion of Booth blood, was
used for some time, and then came to Havering Park from America the
Third Duke of Geneva 23,753, a grand bull.
By purchase and natural increase the Havering Park herd again became
large, and a sale was held in May, 1871 ; but there were no Duchesses or
Oxfords sold on that occasion. Thirty-six females averaged nearly 78, and
the highest price was 815 gs., given by Lord Bective for Lady Bates 7th, a
daughter of Third Duke of Geneva. Some cows of Booth blood with the cross
of that bull produced at a later period, in the hands of their new owners,
animals of great merit, which were winners at many important shows.
8.8 The Earl of Bective

The Earl of Bective, who died in December, 1893, at the early age of forty-
nine, owned a very fine herd, mainly of the choicest of Bates strains, at
Underley, Westmorland. He inherited his fathers and his familys taste for
good cattle. The county Meath, in which the Headfort family estates are
situated, has long been proverbial for its grand pastures and good stock, and
when Lord Bective inherited Underley, with its excellent pasture and healthy
situation on the River Lune, it was but natural that he should develop that
taste which came to him at birth. Lunesdale has long been famous for its
good roan dairy cows, specimens of which were always to be seen at the farm
steadings. It was at the Killhow sale, in Cumberland, in i868, that a young
nobleman, then known as Lord Kenlis, was first seen at a meeting of the
kind walking between the late Mr. Anthony Metcalfe and his faithful agent,
Mr. Punchard, keenly inspecting Mr. Fosters herd of Shorthorns. The visit
resulted in the purchase of nine cows and heifers, and the bull Baron Oxford
3rd 25,579, one of four sent from biker for sale. Lord Fevershams Ballad
Singer was the first cow purchased, and though none of the family were
retained in the herd, yet Lord Bective had always afterwards a great fancy
for the old herd at Duncombe that has been the pride of Yorkshire dalesmen
for so many years. It was at Killhow that Turks Darling was bought for 75
gs. She became the motherly matron of the much admired prolific Underley
Darlings, her son Ostrogoth being sold at the 1874 sale for 330 gs. Duchess
Gwynne was another fortunate investment at i 8o gs., as she not only left
six calves, but became herself the opening lot in the first sale at Underley in
1874, when Sir W. H. Salt gave 430 gs. for her. Baron Oxford 3rd, though a
costly purchase at 250 gs., was let one season for 100 gs., and sold in 1873 for
190 gs. to Sir T. C. Constable, in Yorkshire, but he left nothing remarkable
8.8. THE EARL OF BECTIVE 209
at Underley. In subsequent years purchases were made from Lord Penrhyn,

Mr. Chas. Saunders (from whom came Water- loo 36th, at 475 gs.), Mr.
Bowly, Mr. S. Rich, and other eminent breeders. At Holker, in 1871, three
Winsomes and Grand Duchess of Oxford i8th (ioo5 gs.) were added to the
herd, and this was followed by the choicest specimens from the best herds
finding their way to Underley when they came into the market.
The greatest purchase, however, was at the New York Mills sale in
U.S.A., in 1873, when Tenth Duchess of Geneva was bought for 6562, her
yearling heifer for 2868, and Ninth Duchess of Oneida for 1875.
The symmetry, quality, and beauty of the Tenth Duchess were the ad-
miration of the extraordinary company that assembled at the great sale at
Underley in September, 1874. She had been selected by Mr. Thornton in
America in the winter of 187071 for Lord Dunmore, when 3000 gs. was
privately refused. When Mr. Berwick, as Lord Bectives commissioner,
attended the New York Mills sale in 1873 his instructions were to buy the
best according to his judgment. and this cow was then considered to be the
cream of the herd. In a letter addressed by Lord Bective to Mr. Berwick in
December, 1873, thanking him cordially for the able manner in which he had
executed his commission at the New York Mills sale, he remarked: Tenth
Duchess of Geneva and Ninth Duchess of Oneida have improved since they
arrived, more especially the latter, which I like better than Eighth Duchess
of Oneida. At first I liked the Eighth the better. Nearly everybody who
has seen Tenth Duchess says she is the finest cow they have ever seen. The
majority prefer Ninth Duchess to Eighth Duchess, although there is great
diversity of opinion.
High as the prices paid for Tenth Duchess and her daughter were they
proved remunerative, as the former bred Duke of Underley, that was used
in the herd until 1882, earning, in addition, a large sum as fees; she also
bred two heifers, Duchess of Underley, whose heifer was sold for 3000, and
Duchess of Lancaster, which bred two bulls sold for 1500 gs., whilst her
daughter was afterwards sold to Sir H. Allsopp for 4500, and her two bulls
realised 4750 gs., one of them beino 6 Third Duke of Underley, which xvent
to Kimbolton.
It cannot be said that all Lord Bectives purchases were equally success-
ful. Thorndale Rose 9th, the best of Lord Braybrookes herd, and a 9oo-gs.
purchase in 1879, when a handsome in-calf heifer, never produced living
offspring; nor was the famous cow Red Rose of the Isles, from Dunmore,
very successful. The Red Roses, however, although, like the Darlings, very
prolific, were not as remunerative as the Gwynnes and the Darlingtons, both
of which left handsome profits.
The herd in its second decade became the home of the Grand Duchesses.
At Mr. Olivers sale in 1877, Grand Duchess 23rd was purchased for 2750 gs.,
after keen competition with Earl Spencers agent and Mr. Holford. Two of
her bulls were sold for 1000 gs., and at the final dispersion of the Sholebroke
herd, in 1884, four more females of the tribe were taken to Underley, at
nearly 3000 gs. The successful result of the use of Grand Duke of Kent 2nd
in 18727374, doubtless led up to these purchases, and certainly after Duke
of Underley, one of the most valuable and popular sires was Grand Duke
31st, bought at Sholebroke in 1877, when about a year old, for 1550 gs., and
he was used at Underley until his death in 1890.
The herd later contained several choice animals of this famous tribe, as
well as of the other branch of the Duchesses from the late Sir Robert Loder
and Mr. Holford, at whose sale, during the Royal Show at Warwick, in 1892,
Lord Bective was virtually last seen by the public. He was unable to attend
the late Queen Victorias sale at Windsor, but was very anxious to obtain
the bull New Years Gift, for which he sent a commission of 1000 gs.; but
his cousin, Mr. Robert Thompson, of Inglewood, although in at 950 gs.,
being opposed by Mr. D. Maclennan, did not exceed Lord Fevershams bid
of 1000 gs. Lord Bective had set his heart on obtaining this animal, and
vainly bid Lord Feversham 200 gs. profit on his purchase.
The sale gatherings at Underley were widely celebrated. The farm com-
prised 376 acres, of which only about fifty were arable, and the stock com-
prised 177 cattle, 200 sheep, and seven horses. The result of five public sales
and four years private sales amounted to upwards of 63,000. The herd was
sold in July, 1894, when the prices showed the severe depreciation in value,
the average for sixty-seven head being 46 is. 3d. Lady Henry Bentinck still
maintains at Underley a good herd of dairy Shorthorns.
8.9 Mr. E. H. Cheney

A herd of high-class Bates cattle was established by Mr. E. H. Cheney, at
Gaddesby, Leicester, who determined to secure the best animals that could
be obtained, not only in this country, but in America, where he made sev-
eral purchases of Duchesses, Oxfords, and Princesses. The herd was first
started in 1867 by the purchase of the young bull General Napier 24,023,
from the Havering Park sale. Cows and heifers afterwards followed from
Messrs. Bland, Barber, Bramston, Adkins, Clay- den, Sheldon, and C.
Leney. Private purchases were then made at very high prices from several
noted breeders. These included at first some Wild Eyes and Elviras, and
specimens of Mr. Singletons Waterloo sort, from Waterloo 4th, purchased
at Kirklevington in i8 o. In 1870 two heifers of the Duchess tribe at 1000
gs. each, and a young bull, Ninth Duke of Geneva 28,391, were imported
from Mr. Sheldons herd at Geneva, New York, U.S.A. Seventh Duke of
York eleven years old, was bought from Mr. Bowly. Further purchases
of Duchesses and Oxfords were made from Messrs. Walcott and Campbells
herds, and from Mr. Alexanders herd in Kentucky, while selections of the
Princess tribe were also made from different breeders in the United States.
8.10. THE REV. THOMAS STANIFORTH 211
A number of sales were held. In 1874, the first lot catalogued was Duchess
of Airdrie 8th, descended from Mr. Alexanders Airdrie Duchesses, imported
from Kentucky in 1872. Two Oxfords were included, own sisters, from Thir-
teenth Lady of Oxford. Of the Princesses then sold several were the produce
of Princess, bought at the Milcote s tlc in 863 for 3z gs. The others were
from the Princesses imported from America. Duchess of Airdrie 8th xvent to
Mr. McIntosh at 1700 gs., and Duchess of Gloster, from Fourteenth Duchess
of Airdrie, to Sir Curtis Lampson at 1785 gs. The Princesses also made high
prices, and the average was 419 is. 4d. for twenty-seven head.
8.10 The Rev. Thomas Staniforth

No breeder gave the Shorthorn more generous support than the Rev. Thomas
Staniforth, who died on July 8th, 1887. Born in Craven, Yorkshire, he man-
ifested a strong liking for all matters connected with cattle, and although
he never had a large herd, he owned a very choice one, giving great atten-
tion to the milking properties. During the twenty-seven years he was rector
of Bolton-by-Bolland he always had some fine dairy stock. He had been a
subscriber to the third volume of the Herd Book, published in 1836, but it
was not until about 1843 that he made his first purchases from Mr. Fawkes
and Mr. Ben Wilson. Mr. Edward Whitaker wrote: In May, 1842, Mr.
Staniforth bought a bull-calf, one month old, from my father. I believe this
was his first purchase of a pedigree Shorthorn. At that time he had no
pedigree females, but some good well-bred dairy cows. In January, 1844, he
bought another young bull, about fifteen months old, from my father; but
I do not think he purchased any pedigree females before 1843 or 1844. On
his becoming proprietor of the estate at Storrs Mr. Staniforth was able to
indulge more freely his liking for good cattle, and animals of the Maynard,
Whitaker, and Fawkes blood were obtained. The herd was greatly improved
by the purchase of several first-class cows and heifers descended from the
stocks of Mr. Barnes, Westland; Mr. J. G. Grove, of Castlegrove; Mr.
Pawlett, Beeston; Mr. Jonathan Peel, Knowlmere; Mr. Torr, Aylesby; Mr.
Welsted, Bally valter; and Mr. Wood, Stanwick. Mr. Staniforth gave the
preference to the Booth strains, and had representations of the Bliss, Cres-
sida, Mantalini, Medora, Moonbeam, and Premium families. At the Beeston
sale in 1872 his purchases comprised Rose of Warlaby, Rose of Summer, and
Roseberry. From Aylesby there came, at high prices, Highland Flower and
Heather Flower, while at the sale at Millbeckstock of Hon. M. H. Cochranes
herd White Rose by Mountain Chief was acquired. The bulls used were of
the best Booth blood, chiefly from Warlaby, among the number being High
Sheriff, and King James, Mr. Carrs Peer of the Realm and Earl of Clare,
and Mr. Pawletts Lord Blithesome. A sale was held at Storrs in 1877, when
the average was 85, the animals disposed of on that occasion by Mr. Thorn-
ton comprising Good Manners, which went to Mrs. Pery at 330 gs., Lady
of the Mansion to Mr. J. W. Philips for 225 gs., and Lady Knowimere to
Mr. Foijambe for 225 gs.
8.11 Lady Emily Pigot

One of the most interesting and brilliant personalities whom the fair sex con-
tributed to adorn the ranks of Shorthorn breeders was Lady Emily Pigot,
wife of Sir Robert Pigot, Bart., of Branches Park, near Newmarket. In the
course of a preface to the first private catalogue of her Shorthorn herd, she
mentioned that she began in the winter of i856 by purchasing Happiness, a
heifer bred by Mr. Jonas Webb, for which she paid 250 gs. Other purchases
of animals of miscellaneous pedigree were subsequently made. Lady Pigot
then proceeded to examine the leading herds in the country, and she even-
tually decided to adopt the Booth blood, which she considered was most
generally useful, and most likely to pay the breeder. She then also entered
upon the study of pedigree, and took pleasure in reading Coates Herd Book.
The sale of Mr. William Wetherells noted herd, which was kept near Ald-
borough, in Yorkshire, was the first which Lady Pigot attended. Mr. John
Booth acted as her commissioner, and bought the beautiful heifer Stanley
Rose for 300 gs. This heifer was by Earl of Derby, from a celebrated cow,
Moss Rose, which repeatedly ran second at the great shows to Mr. Richard
Booths Nectarine Blossom. Mr. Wetherells clever herdsman, John Ward,
was engaged to manage the herd at Branches Park, where he was to have
ample opportunities to exert his skill in bringing out many a prize-winner
at the shows of the future. Stanley Rose won several prizes in England and
Ireland. Another winner for Branches was Pride of Southwick, a grand cow
of fine quality, by Mr. Amblers MacTurk, a son of Mr. Boldens Grand
Turk, a leading prize-winner in England, and purchased at a long price by
the Americans. Mr. T. Barnes sold to Lady Pigot a handsome heifer named
Victoria, of the pure Booth Mantalini tribe, for 500 gs. From Mr. William
Carr, of Stack- house, she bought at high prices Bellona and Belle Etoile,
both bred by Mr. J. G. Grove, from the Warlaby Bliss tribe. At the great
Towneley sale the handsome heifer Perfume was secured; she was by Mr.
Barnes Baron Hopewell, of the Mantalini tribe, and from a cow of the cele-
brated Bracelet sort, which was so famous in the Killerby herd of Mr. John
Booth. Perfume had won a prize at the Worcester Royal Meeting, and she
luckily bred at Branches Park a heifer by Mr. Booths Ravenspur, which was
named Pastile. Another heifer of the Bracelet tribe, Queen of Atheistane,
was bought from Mr. James Douglas for oo gs. She won several first prizes
as a yearling, and was never beaten. Lady Pigot hoped that she would
beat the Duchess twins at the Leeds show, which was to occur during the
summer, but unhappily the Queen died of a fatty heart before the date of
8.12. MR. JOHN WOOD 213
the show. Mr. Douglas paid Col. Towneley 500 gs. for Ringlet, the dam
of Queen of Athelstane, and she was a beautiful animal which had won a
first in the calf class when the Yorkshire Society met at Ripon. Lady Pigot
bought another heifer, named Almacks Belle, from Mr. Douglas for 200 gs.;
she, too, belonged to the Bracelet tribe. Mr. William Carr sold Lady Pigot
a member of the Warlaby Farewell family, named Dame Quickly by Valasco,
out of Barmaid by British Prince. At a sale held in 1863 seventy-nine head
averaged 57 8s. 10d.
In 1870 the herd was in a promising condition, and possessed females of
the famous Bliss, Bracelet, Mantalini, and Farewell tribes. Lady Pigot had
then quite a show team, which made every year the grand tour of all the
principal shows. Many prizes were won and the value of Booth blood was
thereby advanced. Lady Pigots herd was eventually dispersed, after a career
of considerable brilliancy.
8.12 Mr. John Wood

Mr. John Wood, who died at his residence, Harewood Hill, Darlington,
on February i6, 1906, xvas one of the pioneers of Shorthorn breeding. He
belonged to an old family of breeders who resided in Teesdale for generations.
His father bought Nell Gwynne at Sir Henry Vane Tempests sale in 1813 for
70 gs. and bred the celebrated bull Prince, who was used till he was fourteen
years old. Messrs. Angus, Chrisp, and Hunt hired him in Northumberland.
Mr. Mason, of Chilton, heard of his reputation as a great sire, and when he
was sold to the butcher quietly bought him and renamed him St. Albans
2584. Mr. Wood got a hint of this; he went to Chilton and recognised the
head of the old bull Prince over the door of his box. His name in pedigrees
frequently occurs in these days, and the Gwynnes are still a numerous tribe.
Mr. J. E. Troutbeck, of Blencow, Cumberland, was a pupil of Mr. Woods
father and got from him his early taste and training for breeding.
Mr. John Wood occupied the well-known farm at Stanwick Park House
owned by the Duchess of Northumberland, from whence Mr. Bates obtained
his original Duchesses. There Mr. Wood bred some remarkably choice
animals, principally of two families the Premiums, which trace back to J.
Browns Red Bull 97, the first recorded sire in the Duchess pedigree, and the
Rosebuds, going back to Mr. Joblings Colonel 152. In 1862 a portion of the
herd was sold. Several of the animals were bought for Scotland. Messrs.
Mitchell, of Alloa, were purchasers, and from the Rosebud tribe bred the
famous prize cow Blue Bell, illustrated in Coates Herd Book, a winner at the
Royal and Highland Societys shows. At Messrs. Mitchells sale, some years
afterwards, this family averaged 90 gs. Mr. John Wood afterwards became
a frequent exhibitor, and his famous coxv Corinne was first at the Royal at
Plymouth in 1865; her son Lord Plymouth was used in the herd. He hired
Messrs. Booths bulls for nearly twenty years. These included Prince Arthur,
three seasons ; Cardigan, four seasons; also King Arthur, Valasco (sire of
the noted Royal prize bull Commander in Chief), Knight Errant, and Lord
Albert. He relinquished farming in 1871, xvhen his small select herd was
dispersed. There were only nineteen females and thirteen males, but they
made a very brilliant little sale, attracting the best-known breeders of the
day, and realised an average of 70 ios. Among the buyers were many of his
old friends. Purchases were also made by Mr. Dangar for Australia, and
Mr. Osborne for New South Wales. Mr. Wood then retired to Harewood
Hill, Darlington. His services were in frequent request at the Royal and
other shows all over the country, his sound judgment for the old true type of
Shorthorn being rarely questioned. He was one of the old school of breeders
who always studied, in its old original home, the form and quality and the
true type of the Shorthorn.
8.13 Mr. John Booth, of Cotham

Mr. John Booth, of Cotham, Notts., died on July 29, 1873, in his ninety-
third year. As a Shorthorn breeder Mr. Booth held a peculiar and useful,
though not highly distinguished, position. While another family of his name
in Yorkshire made the world ring with the fame of Booth blood, the subject
of this notice was doing, under less observation, a great and fruitful work of
public good.
Cotham was for many years the attracting centre of a wide district, and
the dispensing source of Shorthorn families in a part of the country where the
Shorthorn had few friends. The Cotham Shorthorns had a history of their
own, tracing from a date before the time when the brothers Colling were old
enough to farm, a time indeed at which the Collings were at school. That
history had been kept up by the Fishers and the Roses, and later by Mr.
John Booth himself. Previously to the year 1770, when Bakewell and the
Longhorns were in the ascendant, the two brothers Fisher, of Cotham, near
Newark, and of Kirby, near Sleaford, went up to the North more than once
and bought of several breeders, but principally of Mr. Corn- forth, of Bar-
ford, near Darlington, valuable cattle of the breed from which the improved
Shorthorns subsequently sprang, but which were then known as Teeswaters
or Durhams. These cattle were bred, with every attention to their purity,
on two adjoining farms by the Fishers and the Roses till the years 1834 and
1838, when their herds were sold. The sale in 1838 was considered an ex-
traordinary one at that time, and fifty head averaged 57 8s. Splendid, Vol.
V., page 673, a three- year-old xvhite heifer, realised 220 gs. to Mr. Edge,
the highest price; and for the bull Prince Mr. Langston, of Sarsden, gave
150 gs. A note to the sale catalogue stated that the animals were descended
from the best Shorthorns that could be purchased in the North, and the
8.13. MR. JOHN BOOTH, OF COTHAM 215
breed have been in the family upwards of sixty years. Some idea may be
formed of the estimation in which the strains from which they are descended
xvas held from the circumstance of Mr. Fisher having, previous to the days
of Mr. Charles Colling, offered so much as 200 gs. for a bull to the late
Mr. Cornforth. Mr. J. Booths connection with Cotham began in 1803, but
it was in 1838 that he took a farm there and commenced breeding by pur-
chasing Shorthorns from his long-established neighbours. All the Cotham
herds were of great value to a large and important neighbourhood; but as
the cattle, good as they were, never appeared in the showyard, and as they
were remote from the great northern breeders, their excellence was among
the things not generally known. Mr. Booth had many good customers who
gave excellent prices for his stock, among others the King of the French
and the late Lord Sherborne. The Cotham Shorthorns are well worthy of
notice, and not a few breeders trace the descent of many of their cattle to
this ancient sort. Mr. Booth used more than one bull of Lord Spencers, also
the Earl of Carlisles Mow- thorpe 2343, who was bred from a daughter of
Young Albion, and Mr. Richard Booths Lady Sarah, a full sister to Isabella
by Pilot. Mr. Fishers Cedric 331 i, a son of Earl Spencer s Ivanhoe, was
also used, as well as Waverley, of his own breeding, and several choice sires
from Messrs. Whitaker, Fawkes, and Raine4 In partnership with his cousin,
Mr. John Parkinson, of Leyfields, he was a purchaser of the Royal first-prize
bull Sir Thomas Fairfax, that much-calumniated but noble sire. Mr. Booth
and the Rev. John Storer, who then lived at Hawkesworth, near Newark,
were co-partners in the use of Mr. Fawkess splendidly bred sire Grouchy 6o5
i, a son of Austerlitz, who owned the strains of Whitaker, W. Jobson, and
General Simson. Mr. Storer and Mr. Booth were also partners in Young
Wellington 7708, bought of Mr. Raine, and sold by them ultimately to the
King of the French. Mr. Storer, when in later years he lived at Hellidon,
near Daventry, informed the writer of these notes that he sent several cows
for service to Sir Thomas Fairfax at Cotham. Mr. Thomas Bates, after he
fell out xvith Mr. Whitaker, spoke slightingly of Sir Thomas Fairfax, and
found fault with a portion of his pedigree. Upon that account the bull xvas
disparaged by many people, but Mr. Storer had examined the matter with
that thoroughness for which he was distinguished, and he bore testimony
to the good pedigree of Sir Thomas, and to the fact that he got very good
stock. Sir Thomas Fairfax was, probably, the winner of more prizes of the
highest class than any bull that ever lived. His sire was the celebrated Nor-
folk, used by Mr. Bates to his Duchesses, and his dam Miss Fairfax, a great
winner, was regarded by her owner, Mr. Whitaker, as being as nearly per-
fection as possible. Lord Spencer expressed his opinion that she was the
best cow in England. Bred from such a sire and (lam, it xvas curious that
any doubts could be entertained as to the value of Sir Thomas Fairfax, and
this was evidently the view taken by Mr. Booth and Mr. Parkinson when
they bought him. Mr. Booth sold his herd In 1869, four years before his
death.
8.14 Mr. Edward Bowly

Mr. Edward Bowly, Siddington, was widely known as a member of the
Council of the R.A.S.E. and through his great success as a breeder of Short-
horns. With reference to his herd he wrote: I was induced to commence
breeding Short- horns from having purchased, when I first began farming,
five wTeanling calves, four of which were considered a good average descrip-
tion of breeding stock, and I gave 30s. each for them. Miss Strickland was
good enough to sell me a calf for 6os. having two pure Shorthorn crosses on
an Alderney cow. When these animals became two years old I sold the 30s.
calves at /8 ios. each, and I was offered 20 gs. for the calf. These facts
impressed my mind, as a young beginner, with the idea that there must be
something in breeding. I went immediately and gave Miss Strickland 40 gs.
for Frederick 3837, and by the advice of the late Lord Ducie I purchased my
Gazelle and some other tribes. Frederick turned out a wonderful getter, par-
ticularlyon the Gazelles, and got me a large proportion of females, which
gave me a good start. I always received the greatest assistance from the
late Earl Ducie, who commenced breeding at the same time, and I bought
of him Leo 4208, who proved an excellent successor to Frederick-so much so
that at one of our local shows he and his offspring obtained all the prizes
but one. I was equally fortunate in my third bull, Brunel 7857, who was the
produce of a heifer purchased by Mr. W. Wood- ward from Mr. A. May-
nard. I then used Hampden 8129, bred by myself; his dam a pure Knightley
cow (bred by Sir Charles Knightley), his sire Pyramus, a bull much thought
of by some in those days. I never considered Hampden helped me much;
his stock were robust, but the colours were not good. I next had the luck
to purchase Snowball 8602 from Sir Charles Knightley, bred by the Rev.
Charles James, but the produce of the best cow purchased at Sir Charles
first sale, and which he so much regretted parting with that he bought her
back with her bull-calf Snowball. After using him two or three seasons he
was sold to me, and proved himself a real good getter. After I lost him I used
Snowstorm 12,119, who did so well that I xvas induced to sell all his female
offspring but one to go to America at xvhat was considered in those days a
very high price, 150 gs. each. The next purchase was Harold 10,299 from
Mr. Hayter, and in 1857 Fourth Duke of Oxford 11,387 at Mr. Sainsburys
sale. I have strictly adhered to this line of blood since, being quite satis-
fied with the results at the same time I fully appreciate the merits of other
herds, but feel sure it would not answer my purpose to cross with them.
Subsequently I bought Earl of Walton (a Kirkleving ton bull), from my old
friend Mr. C. W. Harvey, to succeed Fourth Duke of Oxford 11,387, and his
produce were very good; indeed, I think I never had better animals than he
8.15. MR. STEWART MARJORIBANKS 217
got in 1863. I also purchased from Mr. Harvey Kirklevington 7th, in calf to
Fourth Duke of Oxford, and she produced the following spring twin heifers,
to which I gave the name of Siddingtons. The produce I had from the old
cow to this time (1875) is sixteen females and two bulls, out of which I have
sold ten females. In the Battersea show-yard I hired of Mr. James Knowles
(then acting for Colonel Gunter) the Seventh Duke of York 17,754, and my
friend Mr. Rich afterwards joined me in him, and the following year we
purchased him from Colonel Gunter, being the first Duchess bull which had
changed hands since the late Lord Ducies sale. The extraordinary influ-
ence of the Seventh Duke of York is too well known to need any description
from me. lie was the most impressive sire I ever knew or heard of. I then
purchased of Colonel Gunter Second Duke of Tregunter 26,022, afterwards
Third Duke of Clarence 23,727 of Colonel Kingscote, both well known and
fully appreciated in the Shorthorn world. Mr. Bowlys Siddingtons achieved
great distinction. These, tracing from Kirklevington 7th, bred by Mr. Har-
vey, were crossed with Fourth Duke of Oxford 11,387, Seventh Duke of York
7,754, Second Duke of Tregunter 26,022, and Third Duke of Clarence 23,727,
the three last being first-class Duchess bulls. The Gazelle tribe, from the
Rev. Henry Berrys stock, was well represented by the families tracing to
Selina and Britannia by Fourth Duke of Oxford, Duchess sires being subse-
quently used. The well-known Musical tribe, the Rubys, Darlingtons, and
Countesses, were also successfully cultivated. At the sale in 1875 four of the
Siddington family averaged f 6 13S. 3d.
8.15 Mr. Stewart Marjoribanks

In the early fifties, Mr. Stewart Marjoribanks established a herd of note at
Bushey Grove, near Watford, in Herts. The foundation was carefully and
skilfully laid; the cattle for that purpose were selected from the stocks of
breeders of high repute, who cultivated families of admitted excellence, and
Mr. Tallant, the manager, took care that they were all liberally fed and
well attended to. Among the animals comprised in the first herd at Bushey
several became famous. Great Mogul, bought from Mr. Henry Ambler, a
son of that great winner Grand Turk, and out of Mr. Holmes Victoria 8th,
became a Royal Show champion and the sire of many first-prize exhibits at
the leading shows. Marmaduke, of the celebrated Bates tribe of Cambridge
Rose, was sold to Mr. Harvey Combe for oo gs. at the first sale held by
Mr. Marjoribanks in 1857, when Great Mogul was reserved at 400 gs. On
this s that Mr. William Torr secured Rennet, of occasion, too, it wa the old
Studley Anna tribe. She was a beautiful cow, but being lame she was run
down at the low price of 40 gs. Mr. Torr informed the writer that he was
offered 100 gs. for her by Mr. Harvey Combe on the evening of the sale day.
Rennet was the ancestress of the well-known Riby strainher daughter Riby
Rose by Vanguard brought the family out which realised very large prices
at the Aylesby sale in on which occasion a heifer calf of the tribe fetched
1260 gs. For the second herd at Bushey Mr. Marjoribanks drew upon the
excellent stocks of Sir Charles Tempest, Mr. Henry Smith, of Drax Abbey,
and other eminent breeders, and when the herd increased in number he
bought Royal Butterfly 5th from Colonel Towneley to put upon the Great
Mogul heifers. Showing was carried on with great success, and high prices
were obtained for many of the exhibits. Harkaway was a Royal winner as
a yearling, and was sold for 400 gs. Rose of Bushey was the first-prize calf
at the Leeds Royal Show, and her own brother Cock of the Walk was also
the winner of many rosettes. Beauty of Bushey was a leading prize-taker,
and she measured 6 ft. 3 in. in girth at eleven months old, a record for that
age. Again, Flower of Bushey and Joyful both by Great Mogul, won the
I’2o prize at Northampton as the best pair of yearling heifers in the yard.
In 1862 Mr. Marjoribanks decided to sell off his herd, and October 4th was
the date fixed for that important event, which was a final dispersion, the
owner being advanced in years.
Among the celebrities, the first that caused the competition to be
especially spirited was Vesta. Mr. Stirling, of Keir, bought her for 200 gs.
Helen next fell to Captain Oliver, and joined the noted herd at Sholebroke
Lodge. Mr. Betts, of Preston Hall, paid 100 gs. for Lady Butterfly. Those
by Marmaduke blood were a great deal sought after, and his four daughters,
Lovey, Diadem, Spicy, and Ladylove, averaged 120 gs. Of these, Diadem
went to Mr. Robarts at 135 gs., and Spicy was taken to Scotland at 130
gs. An Irish breeder, Mr. Richardson, gave 100 gs. for the white Lady
Bountiful by Great Mogul, another of whose daughters, Flower of Bushey,
was secured by Mr. Barton, of co. Kildare, at 145 gs. The prize-winner Rose
of Bushey topped the sale, and went at 205 gs. to Earl Spencer. His lordship
fancied the Rosa Bonheur blood, and not only bought the cow at ii gs.,
but her Great Mogul bull-calf Cock of the Midden at 66 gs. Lord Aylesford
purchased the capital daughter of Great Mogul, named Blushing Bride, at
170 gs. Mr. J3etts gave 130 gs. for the rich roan Lady Love, a very sweet
Marmaduke heifer; and the great show-yard winner, Beauty of Busheyvery
fat indeed fell to Sir Anthony Rothschild at i85 gs. Winning Witch, another
get of Great Mogul, was started at 50 gs. and ran up rapidly to i8o gs.,
the buyer being Mr. Stirling, of Keir. Eight of the Great Mogul heifers
averaged 152 gs. Royal Butterfly 5ths stock were regarded as rather leggy,
but the judgment of the purchase of him from Colonel Towneley was shown
by the fact that nine of his calves averaged 6i gs. The Duke of Richmond
got a dashing young bull in Whipper In at i6o gs. The six-months-old calf
Squire of Bushey went north to Mr. Milne at 110 gs., and Mr. Drake also
took a son of Royal Butterfly 5th (of the same age) at 86 gs. The average of
fifty-eight females was 82 4s. 6d., of twenty-two bulls 52 19s. 6d., and the
general average of the eighty head was 74 3S. 8d.
8.16. MR. W. F. PALEY 219
8.16 Mr. W. F. Paley
Mr. MI. F. Paley, of Gledlow, Leeds, who was closely associated with Mr.
Whitaker in Shorthorn breeding by purchases and in the use of bulls, founded
a herd of superior Shorthorns about the year 1820, obtaining then and sub-
sequently stock from Mr. Whitaker, from Lord Grantham (whose Snowball
1463 was a bull of at least local note in his day), and from the herds of
Messrs. Charge, Wetherell, Wood- house, Bolden of Hyning, Thornton of
Barmpton, Barker of Layton, Walker of Myton, Bowbridge, and Richard
Booth, then of Studley, whose White Cow, the dam of Isabella by Pilot,
passed into the hands of Mr. Paley somewhere between the years 182530.
In i834 Mr. Paley was a buyer at the Studley sale. From Lovely, bred by
Mr. Wetherell in 1818, but purchased of Mr. Whitaker, he had the good
fortune to breed, in 1826, Sir Walter 1459 by Frederick io6o. Sir Walter
(not to be confused with Mr. R. Croftons celebrated Sir Walter 2639) was
the winner of a great many prizes and sweepstakes. From the union of
Sir Walter and the Studley White Cow Mr. Paley bred Buckingham i755,
a bull which did a considerable amount of service in his herd. Another
prominent sire at Gledlow, and an early one, was Corinthian Tom 921 by
Mr. Whitakers Frederick from Cinderalla. Such, as a Short- horn breeder,
was the ally of Mr. Whitaker in the substantial support of the Herd Book
and the Shorthorn interest.
8.17 The other Collings
Besides the famous brothers Colling, there were a father and two brothers,
named Colling, whose Shorthorn cattle were of very respectable reputation
in and shortly after the time of the more distinguished brothers. Those
other Collings were William, the father, his son William, and his son John,
the latter, Mr. John Colling, of White House, the breeder of the celebrated
cow Rachel by Charges Frederick io6o. Six bulls bred by him are registered
in the third volume of the Herd Book: (I) Young Colling 1843, without
date, a son of Miss Wrights Rob Roy, calved in 1819. The dam of Young
Colling was bred by Colonel Cradock, whose own celebrated Cherry family
descended from a cow named Colling, bred by Mr. John Coilings father.
(2) Layton 2192, calved in 1833, descended from the stock of Mr. Coiling
of Stapleton, near Darlington perhaps the same William Coiling. (3) Raby
2474, calved in 1828; (4) Reformer 2510, calved in 1832; (5) Roderick 2555,
calved in 1831 ; and (6) Roland 2556; all of the Rachel family; Raby a son,
the three others grandsons, of Rachel by Frederick. Major Coiling appears
in the Herd Book as a breeder in the year 1798; and Mr. Coiling of Hurworth
(Hubbacks birthplace) has a single bull entered in the third volume.
8.18 Mr. Stiles Rich, of Didmarton

Half a century ago the name of Stiles Rich, of Didmarton, who was born
in 1822, and died on January ioth, 1904, in his eighty-second year, was one
to conjure with among the breeders and dairy-farmers of Gloucestershire.
When Mr. Stiles Rich succeeded his father, he got from Lord Ducie some
pure-bred females, and the Florentias and Ursulas attest to this day the value
of his sound judgment and Lord Ducies enterprise in bringing the originals
of these old families, as well as others, from Lord Spencer and those great
breeders north of the Trent. It was stated of Mr. Bowly that his neighbours
reviled him, and said he would have to bring flannel jackets with them to
stand the blasts of the Cotswolcls; but, said he, Ill breed them with jackets,
and their rich abundant coats-the long hair and the short pile underneath-
proved the truth of his remark. A large flock of sheep, about one to the acre,
besides the Shorthorns, were kept on the Didmarton farm. The herd was
virtually commenced and continued by the use of the Tortworth blood, male
and female, until it was dispersed in 1853. One or two bulls were taken from
Mr. Murton Tracy, in Kent, and other breeders, but the wonderful effect
of the old Duchess blood was such that he and Mr. Bowly joined in the
hire and purchase of bulls from Colonel Gunter, at Wetherby. Of these,
Seventh Duke of York, a white bull of rare quality and hair, became the
most impressive. The herd was kept as a dairy, up to about one hundred
head, but in i868 Mr. Rich finally decided to retire from farming, in his
fifty-sixth year. His herd was sold in two portions, the first in October,
i868, and the remainder in March, 1869. It was at this sale that Shorthorn
breeding may be said to have commenced as a fashionable pursuit. Lord
Fitzhardinge, who had begun to keep a herd a few years previously, invited to
the hospitable baronial halls of old Berkeley Castle some of those noblemen
and gentlemen who afterwards became distinguished as breeders. Both sales
were largely at tended and brilliantly successful, as the average of f7o 12s.
iod. for one hundred and fourteen head testified. Lord Fitzhardinge was
a large buyer on each occasion, and among the county supporters were the
present well-known names of Colonel (now Sir Nigel) Kingscote, Captain
Blathwayt, Arkell, Butler, Edmonds, Gould, Hobbs, Iles, Peacey, Savage,
and others who have passed to their rest. The largest purchaser was Mr.
J. W. Larking, who took twelve females and four bulls, with the herdsman,
Woolnough, into Kent. Messrs. Leney paid the highest female prices, giving
380 gs. for Kirklevington 12th, and 270 gs. for the white cow Waterloo
28th, whose daughter, the Thirty-second, by Seventh Duke of York, a grand
young white cow, was bought at the second sale, after a sharp bout with
Lord Dunmore, by Lord Fitzhardinge, for 360 gs. Great were the enthusiasm
and cheers of the Gloucestershire farmers, for no man was more beloved
or more popular in the county. Mr. Hobbs afterwards got a bull of this
strain that did him great good. Lord Skelmersdale, afterwards the Earl
8.19. MR. JOHN GAMBLE, OF SHOULDHAMTHORPE 221
of Lathom, Lord Kenlis, afterwards the Earl of Bective, also the Hon. C.
W. Fitzwilliam, Messrs. Downing and Harward, were buyers at the first
sale; whilst the Earl of Dunmore, who gave 630 gs. for the Second Duke of
Collingham (defeating the late Mr. H. J. Sheldon, who afterwards hired this
bull), Colonel Gunter, Mr. Foster of Killhow, and Mr. Fawcett of Scaleby,
Cumberland, were buyers at the second sale, which averaged 13 better than
the first, the two sales realising 118053 ios. Forty-txvo head, from one to five
years old, by Seventh Duke of York, averaged within half a sovereign of Al8o
each. The ball thus set rolling ran on until 1875, when it culminated, and
gradually declined with the disastrous farming years of 1878-79. It gave
an impetus to Shorthorn breeding all over the kingdom. The effect of that
golden decade was to set breeders of other varieties of cattle thinking, and
to stimulate breeding in both North and South America, as well as in the
Australian and Canadian Colonies, and the present enormous importations
of meat into the kingdom are in a large measure due to the good breeding
that took place at that period. It may also be mentioned that many of
the Bapton Manor cattle, before the introduction of the thirty Cruickshank
calves, were bred from the old Didmarton herd. The late Mr. Stiles Rich
was essentially a quiet breeder, unassuming in manner, genial in disposition,
his taste and hobby being the production of good cattle, with Mr. C. W.
Harveys old motto of Bates and no Surrender, after thirty years experience.
8.19 Mr. John Gamble, of Shouldhamthorpe

This celebrated and well-known Norfolk character died at Marham on June
2nd, 1903, aged eighty-six. He was born and lived most of his life at Should-
hamthorpe, near Downham, where he farmed. He bought animals from
Mr. Robinson, in Buckinghamshire, recording his pedigrees as a breeder
in Volume VI. of the Herd Book as far back as 1842. He also formed the
acquaintance of Lord G. Spencer, Sir Charles Knightley, the Rev. T. Har-
rison, of Firby, John and Richard Booth, Wetherell, Torr, and other great
breeders in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. From Mr. B. Wilson, of Brawith,
he bought Captain 5422, bred by Captain Barclay, by Hector out of Violet,
a granddaughter of Masons famous cow Lady Sarah. In one year this bull
earned more than his cost. He was lent to Lord Exeter at Burghley, who
refused an offer of 200 gs. for him, and when aged and useless he was walked
to London to be killed. Mr. Gamble had a capital portrait of him and of
several other fine animals. He also used Earl Ducies Star of the West and
Cardigan. His herd about the fifties became numerous. He bred almost
entirely from two families, the Seedlings from Lord Huntingfield, who had
them from the Rev. T. Harrison in Yorkshire, and from Lord Spencer s
Prudence, for which he gave 6o gs. at the Wiseton sale in 1848. FIe was
strongly adverse to forcing, and kept his animals in a natural healthy state,
for he would say no animal would make so much beef per acre as the pure
old-style Shorthorn. In October, 1869, he sold most of his herd at an aver-
age of ,4740 for fifty-two heada pack, as he termed it. An old friend, Mr.
Hedworth Barclay, presented him with a couple of young cows, Faultless
and Pun, both by Zealot, who combined the two strains, and was a great
steer getter. From these he gradually built up another herd, using and con-
centrating his own pure blood. This second herd, consisting entirely of the
Favourites (Seedlings) and Prudences, was dispersed in 1887, when times
were very different to 1869. Sixty-five head averaged /22. The herd went
into good hands. Many found their way to Sandringham, where they were
greatly admired; others went into Sussex, and Lord Brougham took half a
dozen heifers into Westmorland. It was from this strain that Mr. Gorringe
was so successful with his steers at the Smithfield Club Show. Mr. Hoff,
who farmed largely both in Lincoln- shire and Norfolk, bred many grand
animals from his old friends blood, and Mr. Sewell, at Flitcham Abbey,
reared a fine herd from this strain. Mr. Gambles judgment of animal life,
horse and hound, cattle and sheep, was very sound. He never showed, but
he frequently judged, and his efforts were always to preserve the true type
and characteristics of the breed. The heads and horns of his cattle were
considered by the late Mr. Beck the most beautiful at Sandringham, and
the true form and symmetry, as well as the excellent grazing qualities of his
stock have rarely been surpassed by those who have been fortunate enough
to breed from them.
8.20 Mr. Jonas Webb, Babraham

Mr. Jonas Webb was one of the most able and successful breeders of his
time, and the same skill which he displayed in the establishment of the world-
renowned Babraham South- downs was shown in the selection and building
up of his herd of Shorthorns. A contemporary writer remarked that the herd
was cultivated by an independent man, who followed no ones judgment but
his own, who trod after neither Bates nor Booth, who, had he only lived,
would have made a rage and fashion of his own, so that Babraham would
have been as well known in the history of Shorthorns as it was in that of
South- downs. The fact was that Mr.Jonas Webb did not accept, he made
success. The herd consisted of members of five families. The Dodonas were
descended from Dodona by Alabaster i6i6. This cow was bought by Mr.
Strafford from the late Earl Spencer in the year 1838, and was immediately
sold by him to Mr. Webb. The price was 8o gs. Although she had been off
breeding for a year or more, and was thus too fat, her walk into Cambridge-
shire proved to be for her health and prosperity. Mr. Webb had no fewer
than one hundred and eighty-nine of her descendants. Dodona was from
Masons No. 6 in the catalogue of the Chilton sale in 1829. She was put
8.20. MR. JONAS WEBB, BABRAHAM 223
to Vanguard, a bull also of Lord Spencers breeding then in the possession

of Mr. Webbs landlord, the late Mr. Adeane, and produced twins. The
Belindas were from Belinda by Ranunculus 2479, bought by Mr. Webb at
the Wiseton sale. Belindas dam, Sylph, was bought by Earl Spencer at
Sir Charles Knightleys sale in 1842, and she was sold at Wiseton seventeen
years old, her calf Brownie at her side fetching 70 gs. She was thus related
to the Charmer family, which made Mr. Adkins sale at Milcote in I 86o,
Charmer being bred from Graceful, another daughter of Sylph. The Rose
tribe traced from The Beauty by Puritan 9523, purchased by Mr. Webb at
the dispersion of Mr. Harvey Combes herd in 1859. The price was i6o gs.,
and she left some valuable produce, being of the Cambridge Rose tribe from
Cambridge Rose 6th, bought by Mr. Harvey Combe at the Kirklevington
sale for 70 gs. The Celias, a more numerous family, descended from Celia
by Second Duke of Northumber- land, bought from Mr. Beauford, Bletsoe,
in 1846. Her descendants numbered one hundred and seventy-eight. Celia
traced through Columbine, bred by Mr. Kelk, to Regent, a bull bred by
Mr. R. Colling, and Charlotte Palatine, bred by Mr. Coates. The other
families came from Bodice by Usurer 9763, bought at the Tortworth sale for
115 gs., and Daffy Gwynne, bought at the Hendon sale in 1855. The sires
used comprised The Minstrel 8607, bred by Mr. J. C. Adkins from Charmer
Cheltenham 12588, bought at the Tortworth sale, got by Duke of Gloster
from Chaff; Lord of the North 11,743 out of Belinda by Minstrel Scrivener
10791, another bull of Earl Ducies breeding by Usurer 9763; Grand Duke
17,965 by Cheltenham, dam Bodice; Earl of Hardwicke 14,476 by Marquis
of Bute, dam Countess of Hardwicke of the Celia tribe. Mr. Webb died
on November 3,1862, and his herd was sold the following year, one half in
April and the other in June. At the first sale the average for eighty-two
head was 55 i 5s. The average for thirty-nine Celias was s I 5S. 6d.; fifteen
Dodonas, 5o 5s. 2d.; eleven Sylphs 55 7s. 8d; seven Beauties (Roses), 102
8s. ; seven from Bodice 44 5s.; and three Gwynnes, 53 4s. The Beauty xvent
to Mr. Hales at 100 gs. Drawing Room Rose was secured by Mr. Irving, of
Sydney, New South Wales, at 225 gs. Eighteen of the animals were bought
for export to Austria and Prussia, and several for Australia. The average
for the sixty-three head sold in June, 1863 was 54 17s., making 55 7s. 2d.
for the herd of one hundred and forty-five head, total 8027. The bull Lord
Chancellor from The Beauty was sold to Mr. Sharp for 400 gs. The three
animals of the Rose tribe averaged 198 9S. at the second sale. The white
bull First Fruits, winner as a calf of the champion prize at the International
Show at Battersea, was sold at i6o gs. to Mr. Adams.
8.21 Mr. Ewan Troutbeck

A distinguished figure among the Shorthorn breeders of Cumberland was
that of Mr. Ewan Troutbeck, Blencow, quite one of the old style of North of
England agriculturists in character, dress, and appearance. In his Gwynnes
he had direct female line descendants of Mr. Robert Collings Princess,
but he thought quite as much of his Strawberry family; and why should
he not? Was not the average Blencow Strawberry quite as good as the
average Blencow Gwynne? Take them point by point, and judge fairly,
dispassionately, where was the superiority of the Gwynne? The two tribes
were equally and most satisfactorily prolific, equally sound and robust in
constitution, and in milking and flesh-making; what was there to choose
between them? Yet the one tribe came in a straight line from Princess, a coxv
whose merit was certainly extraordinarymost good judges said unsurpassed,
and some said unmatchedand the other tribe sprang from what was termed
nothing at all. Mr. Troutbeck held that the two tribes were equally well
bred, and failed to see what great difference there could be between two
tribes, so completely mixed up together as they were. There might be a
dogs leg in the Strawberry pedigree, so far as Princess was concerned, but
Princess was there all the same as in the Gwynnes, because he had put Tom
Gwynne into the Strawberry pedigree. True, most of his best heifers at the
sale in 1859 were Gwynnes, but they were daughters of Young Benedict,
and he, said the veteran, was off the best cow I ever bredStrawberry Lass;
so that the debt of Strawberry to Gwynne, through Tom Gwynne, was paid
back to Gwynne from Strawberry through Young Benedict, and the very
best of the Gwynnes of 1859 traced angularly to the nothing at all origin
of the Straw- berry line as truly as the Strawberry line traced round a
corner to the source of the Gwynnes. Mr. Troutbeck was not the man to
dogmatise upon the superiority of male or female influence. He had got
the same blood in both tribes, mixed and stirred up, and he thought quite
as much of the sire of a cow, and of her sires dam, as of her dam and
dams dam. If one thing more than another was noticeable at Blencow it
was the perfect blending of the two tribes. It is most probable, however,
that this was less the result of interweaving the two lines than of the use of
the same sires for both lines, and in a great measure from the direct and
indirect influence of Mr. Maynards Chorister 3378, whose name appears
in some of the pedigrees, and whose blood was introduced into the herd
generally by the use of his grandson St. Thomas 10,777, whose impress
upon the herd about ten years before the sale was exceedingly powerful,
and was very noticeable in the older cows at the sale, and in some which
had passed away shortly before that event. It might be seen, indeed, scarcely
diminished, in the daughters of the co vs by St. Thomas, vhether Gwynnes
or Strawberrys. They were easily general- ised as possessing great substance,
with evenness of flesh, remarkably neat over the shoulders, and thick in the
8.21. MR. EWAN TROUTBECK 225
crops, with a slightly upheaving chine, ample width through the chest, and
full, cleanly-moulded fore quarters. Many of the cows, however, were in
very moderate condition from deep milking, and the heifers were in only fair
growing condition. Among the ripest specimens of the distinctive Blencow
sub- type, at the sale in March, 1859, was old Pricky Gwynne, who had taken
a little rest; and the yearling heifer White Straw- berry had precisely the
same characteristics. The latter became a valuable dam in the Lune Bank
herd, from whence some of her descendants went to West Dereham Abbey,
and there, crossed with Warlaby sires, produced Mr. Hugh Aylmers really
splendid Strawberry Duchess family. A bull of that family, Baron Blencow,
bred at Lune Bank, was a second winner at the Plymouth Royal Show in i
86g. The Strawberry tribe of Blencow, although, as already stated, from an
obscure foundation, had Mr. Charles Coilings Ossian 476, purchased by the
Earl of Lonsdale at the Ketton sale in i8io for 76 gs. Next in order followed
Marmion 406, bred by Mr. Seymour, of Woodhouse Close, near Darlington;
Mr. T. Joblings Wel- lington 2824, a son of his extraordinary bull Wellington
683, alias Rockingham 560; Tom Gwynne, 5498, a son of the Layton cow, of
the Gwynne line, and grandson of the original Nell Gwynne, the daughter
of Phenomenon and Princess. Chorister followed Tom Gwynne, and was
succeeded by St. Thomas and the other sires which Mr. ;Troutbeck used a
few years before the dispersion of his herd in 1859.
The prices which so much surprised Mr. Troutbeck were 74 gs. for Sukey
Gwynne, ten years old; for Polly Gwynne, nine years old, 91 gs.; Frances
Gwynne, 8 gs. ; Flora Gwynne, 8o gs.; Sophy Gwynne, 8 i gs.; Phcebe
Gwynne, 70 gs.; Prim Gwynne, 150 gs.; Silver Gwynne, 75 gs.; Priscilla
Gwynne, 125 gs.; and Miss Maggie Gwynne, just one year old, 110 gs. ;
besides several others, including calves, which were sold for 50 gs. and
upwards. The thirty- two females sold made an average of 58 3s. 6d., those
of the Gwynne tribe, twenty-one in number, averaging 67 is., and the eleven
Strawberry cows and heifers averaging 4 I 45. 8d., thus showing the public
estimate, in that day, of tht importance of the dams line. The Layton cow,
Nell Gwynne, had been bought in 1820 from Mr. Wood, of Kimblesworth,
who had bought her dam, Nell Gwynne by Phenomenon, out of Princess,
at Sir H. Vane Tempests sale in 1813. The Straxv- berry tribe had been
obtained from Mr. Curwen, of Working- ton Hall, shortly before 1820, and
it was said that Mr. Curwen bought the foundation stock from General
Simson, of Pit- corthie. This unquestioned tradition, excellent as was the
origin suggested by it, failed to point to any one distinguished dam, and was
regarded as of little or no value in comparison with the known descent of
the Gwynnes directly from such a cow as Princess. The seven Blencow bulls
and bull-calves averaged /42 3S. Mr. Troutbeck had sold a portion of his
herd in November, I 849Gwynnes, Strawberrys, and Helens and a portion
as early as the year 1838. The sale in 1859 was a bont fide dispersion of his
herd, and the two or three heifers left unsold were afterwards disposed of at
ordinary prices.
8.22 Mr. Watkin, Plumpton

Mr. Watkin, Plumpton, near Penrith, was a noted breeder between sixty
and seventy years ago. His bulls went all over the country, as far south-west
as Devonshire. Mr. Watkin had much of Mr. Charges strain of blood, and
used extensively Mr. Maynards Chorister, already mentioned. He was,
indeed, the breeder of Pickwick 4698, and of Pickwicks son, St. Thomas, a
very influential sire, as we have seen, in Mr. Troutbecks herd at Blencow,
and he had in his herd at Plumpton a strong infusion of the strain of Mr.
Wood, of Kimblesworth, through St. Helena. Both the Plumpton and the
Blencow herd showed the influence of that of the Earl of Lonsdale; but so
likewise did all the herds around Lowther Castle, the old headquarters of
the Shorthorn in Cumberland.
8.23 Mr. R. W. Saunders, Nunwick Hall

Mr. R. W. Saunders, Nunwick Hall, took a prominent part in promoting
the breeding of high-class Shorthorns in Cumberland. Following close upon
the pioneer breeders of that county, he founded a herd of great excellence,
eventually one of the well-known herds of England. He was a safe judge
of both cattle and sheep; and, thoroughly acquainted with flesh-growth, he
could, by eye and by hand, readily pick out the best animals, whatever
their condition might be. Some of his cows were useful for the dairy, but
the production of first- rate grazing animals was his principal object in
Shorthorn breeding, and nearly all his cattle had great substance. One of
his favourite families was that of Pearl, bred by Mr. Parker, of Yanwath Hall,
a noted Cumberland breeder, who had the foundation from Mr. Crofton,
of Holywell, and used Earl Spencers Homer 2134, own brother to Hecatomb
2102, the first-prize bull at the Yorkshire Show in 1838. The original Pearl
was by Homer, from Windermere by Emperor, and was calved in 1845.
She was a thick, short-legged cow, a trifle yielding in the loin when she grew
heavy with age, and was the ancestress of some verj good, massive cows. The
elder Mr. Bolden (of Hyning) was partial to the family, of which we shall
have occasion to take further notice presently. A cow pointed out by Mr.
Saunders for her gay style, as he termed it, was the full-roan Honeysuckle,
not quite so ponderous and so much inclined to fatten as the Nunwick cows
generally were, yet well covered with lean flesh. She was of the Bell- Bates
family of Hilpa, Hawkey, and Hart, with Third Duke of York as her sire,
and was the dam of the white son of Abraham Parker, Duke of Cambridge,
used by Mr. Troutbeck before his sale in 1859. That Duke of Cambridge
was nothing wonderful to look at, yet Mr. Troutbecks quick eye saw in
8.24. WEST RASEN 227
him something likely to suit his purpose; or perhaps the breeding tempted
him. However that might be, the result appeared to justify the choice of the
bull, whose heifers at Blencow had much of the neatness and stylish carriage
of Honeysuckle, with the wealth of flesh which always followed the use of
Abraham Parker. That impressive sire was bred by Sir Charles Tempest
from the union of Mr. Laxs Mehemet Ali, with Lily by Mr. Booths Brutus,
from Violet by Mr. Charges Frederick, and tracing further through a Cato
cow to the stock of Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk. Mr. Saunders used a son
of Abraham Parker, Sir Charles, a bull with one of the biggest fore-ends
ever seen, his brisket being amazingly deep, wide, prominent, and of rock-
like massiveness and weight. In his sale in the year 1855 was old Fanchette
by Petrarch, from Mr. Richard Booths Fame. Fanchette, a red roan cow,
very full of firm flesh at the age of ten years, was remarkably good from
the hips forward, but with too much of the old-fashioned self-assertion of
hips, not, indeed, of hip bones, for these were lost in big cushions of flesh;
but that development was extravagant, and the hip bones which carried it
were too high. Her daughter, Filigree by Abraham Parker, a three- year-old
heifer at the sale (where she was bought by Mr. Alexander for 150 gs.), was
remarkably neat, with hips sub- missive, as Mr. Douglas, of Athelstaneford,
used to say, and evenly covered with flesh, as the heifer was on all parts of her
frame. The four leading bulls in the sale were Sir Harry Gxvynne 12080, Sir
Charles 12075, already mentioned, and Abbas Pacha 12,333, the two latter
both by Abraham Parker, Sir Charles from Venus of the Lady Maynard
tribe, and Abbas Pacha from Fanchette, thus own brother to Filigree; and
fourthly, Crown Imperial 12,665, bred by Mr. Torr, by Mr. Booths Crown
Prince from Flower Girl, the dam of the famous Flower tribe of Aylesby. Mr.
Saunders continued to breed Shorthorns after the sale in 1855, purchasing
in the year following one or two of the best cows at the great Fawsley sale;
and he continued to breed cows as grand and as heavy- fleshed as those
of his former herd. His bull Edgar 19,680, winner of the Royal first prize
when exhibited by Mr. C. R. Saunders at Wolverhampton in 1871, was
remarkable for both substance and fine Shorthorn character, and the older
Mr. Saunders bred also some admirable specimens of the Nunwick female
Shorthorn type.
8.24 West Rasen

A herd that received frequent mention in the early years was that belonging
to Mr. W. Smith, West Rasen, Lincolnshire, who entered animals in the
first volume of the Herd Book. In the first three volumes there are entered
twenty-eight bulls bred by him. A sale of stock belonging to him was held in
September, 1852, when seventy-three head realised 28 14. The coxv Vellum
made the highest price, i6 gs. The Lax bulls (Baron of Ravensworth and
Captain Shaftoc), and two Warlaby bulls, Hopewell and Harbinger, were
sires of the younger lots. From this sale Mazurka, a yearling by Harbinger,
went first to Mr. Amblers and then to the United States. She founded a tribe
therethe Mazurkawhich long enjoyed a favour among American breeders
hardly inferior to that won by the best Kirklevington cattle, while her half-
brother, Matadore, besides a fine success in the show yards, in the herd of
Messrs. Cruickshank at Sittyton, begat scores of the very best young bulls.
The West Rasen herd was a very good one.
8.25 Some early Northumberland breeders

From an early period of Shorthorn history Northumberland became the
breeding-ground of Shorthorns. The best stamp developed in the herds
of Durham and Yorkshire was appreciated and obtained, and the breeders
in that county seem to have kept quite abreast with any advance made
elsewhere in subsequent years. The Angus family of Hindley, Bean, and
Broomley, bred cattle of an excellent type; fine, shapely, thriving cows, that
filled the milk pail to the brim, and roomy, robust, masculine-looking bulls,
that seldom disappointed the breeders expectation of the years crop of calves.
The name of Chrisp, too, stands high in the Shorthorn annals of the county.
The names of Charlton, Compton, Curry, Wailes, and some other breeders
in the early years of this century, may not be so generally well known, but
they are those of men who contributed ably to the work of improvement.
Then there were Mr. Donkin, Sandhoe, Hexham, an extensive breeder from
the Coiling and Mason strains; Mr. Gibson, Stagshaw Bank, who also owned
and bred a large number of animals which, on the establishment of the Herd
Book, were admitted to registration, and are found to have represented the
leading strains of blood. The name of Mr. R. Jobson, Turvelaws, is familiar
to all who go to the roots of Shorthorn pedigrees in general, and Messrs.
T. and W. Jobling, to whose cattle some of the most poxverful influences
for good are traced back. The famous Rockingham 560 (alias Wellington
683), bred by Mr. T. Jobling, was sold to Mr. Wetherell, and, according
to the trustworthy testimony of Mr. S. S. Briscoe (in a letter to the late
Mr. Stratton, February 22, 1841), was let for fifteen consecutive years at the
yearly rent of Ijioo, and died at the homestead of that really skilful breeder
and man of strikingly original character, Mr. Bellamy, near Warwick.
Messrs. Compton, of Learmonth ,got their stock from Mr. Robertson,
Ladykirk. The then Duke of Northumberland had a number of cows which
Mr. Booth thought to be amongst the finest cattle he had ever seen. On
Tyneside, Mr. Bates, of Ridley Hall, also possessed improved Shorthorns
of high quality, while in the midland district of the county, Mr. De Lisle,
of Acton, Mr. James, of Stamford, and Mr. Henderson, of Nexvton, were
breeding from first-class blood. These were followed by Mr. Chrisp, of
8.26. THE LATE EARL OF LONSDALE 229
Doddington, Mr. John Grey, cf Dilston, formerly of Milfield Hall, another

considerable breeder from select sources, Mr. Hunt, of Thornington, Mr.
Langl ands, Mr. Culley, of Fowberry, Mr. Atkinson, of Ewart, Mr. Smith,
of Goswick, Sir Charles Loraine, of Kirkharle, and Sir James Pennyman.
At the Ketton sale (Mr. C. Collings) three of the bulls were bought by
Northumberland breedersMr. Compton securing one, Mr. Gregson another,
and Sir Lambton Loraine the third. That Mr. Jobling, of Styford, drew
largely on the Barmpton blood may be seen from the first volume of the
Herd Book. Mr. Colling sent some of his best cattle to Mr. Curry, of
Brandon, from whom Mr. Chrisp, of Doddington, obtained his Duchess at
120 gs. At the Doddington sale Mr. Chrisp retained for the Hawkhill herd
the Second Duchess, from which so many prize-winners have emanated. The
late Mr. Chrisps father reared a fine herd in i 8o8 at Rugley, bred from the
stocks of Messrs. James, of Stamford, Messrs. Henderson, of Dunstan, and
Mr. De Lisle, of Acton. Reference to Messrs. Jamess sale catalogue in
181 i shoxvs that the cows were by the famous Suwarrow, or immediately
descended from him, while one of the bulls, Barnaby, was a son of Mr.
Collings Lord Bolingbroke, out of a daughter of Suwarrow. S
Mr. Curwen, Workington Hall, had one of the leading herds in the
county, and had drawn from General Simsons, at Pitcorthie (the very foun-
dation stock of some of the best Scotch herds).
8.26 The late Earl of Lonsdale

Cumberland took up the work right earnestly, and there can be no doubt
that the Lowther Castle influence xvas largely conducive to the strength of
the hold so soon obtained by the Shorthorn in that county. The Earl of
Lonsdale was one of the prominent purchasers at Mr. Charles Collings sale
in i8io, and among the most remarkable selections for the Lowther herd after
that date was the choice of Gainford 2044, uniting the Raine and Cradock
strains of blood. The Gainford head might be traced at Penrith Fair and
in many a roadside pasture for years after the days of Gainford and his
sons, and the type is not now extincthow much owing to inheritance from
Gainford, how much from the blended characteristics of other herds, it is
not now easy so say. In the year 1841, October 4th, the Earl of Lonsdale
had a sale of a portion of the Lowther herd, numbering fifty-four cows and
heifers and twelve bulls, some of which were of short pedigree, but about half
were eligible for registration, and had been entered for the fourth volume
(bulls), and the fifth volume (cows and offspring), the former at that time
in preparation for press and the latter gathering material so that it might
duly follow. Among the bulls offered xvere Gainfords son, Prime Minister
2456, bred by Mr. W. Raine, and on the dams side much related to the sire
of Gainford, and five sons of Prime Minister, all marked with an asterisk as
having been entered for the then forthcoming volume of the Herd Book, and
one grandson of that excellent sire.
8.27 Mr. T. Willis, Carperby

It was Mr. Thomas Willis, junr., who first incited his father to breed high-
class Shorthorns at Carperby Manor Home Farm. The elder Mr. Willis had
been long a noted judge of ordinary farm stock, so that he was prepared
to begin Short- horn breeding upon thoroughly practical principles. From
those principles he never departed, and the same policy was pursued by his
son. A few pedigree coxvs were obtained, and, at an early stage, Fanny, bred
by Mr. C. Topham, of Middle- ham, in the year 1844, was about the best
cow, and a great favourite of Messrs. Willis, father and son, Their partiality
to her tribe, that of Mr. John Coilings Rachel, induced them to buy, about
that time, Mr. Carrs Ruth i ith, of the Moycashel Ruth family belonging to
the same tribe. This branch, for many years kept at Carperby, at length ran
out by the production of bulls only, and the lineal descendants of Rachel
traced to Fanny. The herd comprised female representatives of five tribes:
that of Rachel; the Rose and Venus tribes, descended from Swinton Rose,
bred by Capt. Harcourt, of Swinton, in 1842, and Venus, bred by him in
1840, both sold to Mr. Willis; the Lily tribe, descended from Britannia,
bred by Mr. John Exvbank, of Nutwith Cote, in 1840; and sold to Mr.
Willis, who bred from her Lily of the Valley by Hartforth; and the Maid of
Masham tribe, bred at Carperby from the cow of that name, that was from
the stock of Mr. Carter, Sutton. For some time Colonel Towneleys Frederick
1,489, who later was sire of Master Butterfly and Royal Butterfly, was in
service, followed by Gipsy King by Duke of Lancaster, also from Towneley.
Fredericks influence was most powerfully felt indirectly, as his grandson,
Lord Frederick 22,156, by Mr. Booths Lord of the Valley from Cottage Girl,
of the Rachel tribe by Frederick, proved an excellent stock-getter, and left an
impress which was transmitted to successive generations of his descendants.
But Lord Frederick had every chance of perpetuating his own merits, largely
due to the happy blending of the Frederick and Lord of the Valley strains
of blood. Concurrently with this successful union, Booth blood had been
worked in by the use of King Alfred, bred at Killerby from Warlaby parents
(Crown Prince and Venus Victrix, of the Blossom tribe by Vanguard), and
Mr. Richard Booths Sir Cohn, the son of Crown Prince, from a Crown
Prince cow of the Isabella tribe. Another most powerful Warlaby cross was
added in FitzClarence, a son of the Crown Prince cow Nectarine Blossom,
first at the Royal Show at Chester. Thus the way xvas prepared for the
advent of a not less impressive sire Windsor Fitz-Windsor 25,458. This bull
was bred by and purchased of Mr. Carr. Windsors Hyacinth was dam of
Vice Admiral, a noted winner. Vice Admiral was a son of Admiral Windsor,
8.27. MR. T. WILLIS, CARPERBY 231
who was by Windsor Fitz-Windsor and his dam was by the same sire.
Chapter 9
Landmarks - shorter notices

of prominent herds
The shorter notices of other prominent herds given in this chapter are neces-
sary to complete the history of the breed, because while some of the breeders,
whose herds are here briefly referred to, occupied a leading position in their
day, others for a time possessed specimens of many of the leading tribes, and
these landmarks will form a helpful guide in indicating the places where the
descendants of celebrated tribes were retained, and in many cases improved.
A number of the herds, as will be seen, xvere in quite the front rank at
the time of their existence, though space will not allow of more elaboration
in the descriptions. They form connecting-links in the annals of the breed,
and from many of them have come animals that have left a beneficial mark
on the Shorthorn race and have helped to extend its reputation. From the
importance of the work accomplished by their owners, and the impressive
power several of these herds exercised, they deserve to be placed in a record
of the progress of the breed.
Mr B. St. John Acker

Mr. B. St. John Acker’s herd at Prinknash was founded in 1870. From
the late Mr. Thos. C. Booth, at Warlaby, the heifer Maid Marion and the
bull County Member 28,268 were obtained; the former produced a heifer by
K.C.B. called Maid of Prinknash, an excellent milker, which bred three bulls
by County Member, Lord Prinknash 34,655 and Lords Prinknash 2nd 38,653
and 3rd 41,909. Cows and heifers were added after the Warlaby purchases;
Georgies Queen, Patience Heather- stone, and Lady Gay were bought from
Mr. John B. Booth, of Killerby; Lady Jane, Ringlet, and Diadem at Mr.
Pawletts sale at Beeston, 1872 the first of these was the dam of the celebrated
Ladies Carew, which won the family prize at the Yorkshire Show of 1882,
and nearly fi oo previously in prizes. From Mr. Torrs sale at Aylesby, 1875,
Fair Saxon, Lowland Flower, and Bright Dowager were obtained, and Anna
233
234 CHAPTER 9. LANDMARKS - PROMINENT HERDS
Comnena of the same blood was purchased at the Hawkhill sale, 1879. The
same year the Alpine family, the purest branch of the Mantalinis, was bought
privately from Mr. W. Bolton in Ireland, and King Harold 40,053 was hired
from Warlaby. Three objects were sought in forming the herd, viz., purity of
blood, obtained by purchases and hire direct from Warlaby; shape, quality
and flesh forming capabilities, recognised by repeated successes in the show
yard; and milk some of the cows being great milkers, especially the dam of
the bulls chiefly used in the herd. No animal was ever exhibited except those
bred by Mr. Ackers himself, and much success for many years attended the
exhibits at the leading shows; the principal being the champion cup given at
the R.A.S.E., at Liverpool, 1877, for the best female Shorthorn, awarded to
Queen of the Georgians, of the Killerby Georgie tribe, and the family prize
at the Yorkshire Show, 1882, was won by Lady Jane, of the Farewell tribe,
and her descendants Ladies Carew 6th, 7th, ioth, and 12th.
Sir Henry Allsopp, Bart.

Sir Henry Allsopp (afterwards Lord Hindlip) established a valuable herd
at Hindlip, selecting at great trouble and cost, choice animals of the highest
Bates blood from the most eminent breeders in the United Kingdom. When
the herd was sold in April, 1885, it comprised ten Duchess females and six
or seven bulls of the same family; eighteen female Red Roses and three bulls
; six Oxford cows or heifers and two bulls; five Wild Eyes, seven Waterloos,
four Kirklevingtons, eight Duchess Nancys, with representatives also of the
Lady Bates, Darlington, Princess, Red Daisy, Rose of Raby, and other tribes.
At the head of the Duchesses was Airdrie Duchess 3rd by Duke of Geneva iith
48,315. There was also Duchess 117th by Knight of Worcester 3rd 46,581.
She was purchased for 3200 gs. at Dunmore, where Sir Henry Allsopp also
bought her dam, Duchess 114th for 2700 gs. The former produced three
heifers and two bulls in the herd. The others were Duchess of Hindlip
3rd by Duke of Hillhurst 3rd 30,975; Duchess of Hindlip 4th by Duke of
Somerset 49,485; Duchess 123rd (second at the Royal Show at Shrewsbury);
Duchess of Hindlip 7th; Duchess 124th by Duke of Connaught 33,604; and
Duchess 125th. The Red Roses were likewise very choice, and there were
also Thorndale Roses and Cambridge Roses. Among the Oxfords were Belle
of Oxford 6th, Grand Duchess of Morecambe, Oxfords 22nd, 26th, 29th,
and 30th. The Wild Eyes and Waterloos were also very choice. The bulls
included Duke of Cornwall 4th 44,726, Duke of Somerset 49,485, Duke of
Cumberland 49,439, Duke of Bruns- wick, and others. The sale realised an
average of fi 15 8s. iid., the total being 9561. Messrs. Simon Beattie and
Mr. Gray purchased Duchess 124th for 66o gs. for Messrs. Nelson and Sons,
Canada. Mr. S. P. Foster gave 480 gs. for Duchess 123rd ; Mr. Gray (for
Mr. J. J. Hill, U.S.A.) 430 gs. for Duchess I 17th, and Mr. Beattie 360 gs.
for Duchess of Hindlip 3rd, on behalf of Messrs. Nelson.
235
Mr. George Ashburner

The late Mr. George Ash- burners father bred Shorthorns at Low Hall, in
Furness, as far back as the thirties, his entries being recorded in the fourth
and fifth volumes of the Herd Book. Mr. George Ashburner, succeeded
in 1869, and continued the herd, adding occasionally some descendants of
Bates blood. The most numerous family when the herd was sold in 1902
was the Rubys, lineally descended from Lady by Young Western Comet, and
they well sustained their dairy properties. The Ashburners were tenants on
the Holker estate and had the use of some of the first-class bulls bred by
the late Duke of Devonshire. The herd contained a number of the old Bates
strains, of the Duchess, Oxford, Barrington, Kirklevington, and Winsome
tribes, as well as the Gwynnes and Knightleys. From i88 to 1891 Mr. G.
Ashburner won numerous prizes, among them the R.A.S.E. first prize of 50
for the best managed stock-breeding farm of ioo acres and upwards; the
Earl of Bectives ten-guinea prize in the Kendal district for the best general
stock of cattle, the milking properties and adaptation of cattle to the district
being duly considered. He also won at the leading shows. Mr. Ashburner
died in 1902, aged sixty-one years.
Mr. William Ashburner

At Conishead, Lancashire, and latterly at Horton, Gloucestershire, Mr.
William Ashburner had a fine herd of Bates cattle. At Conishead Grange
some excellent sales were held, and in its Gloucestershire home a number of
the animals were of the favourite Lally branch of the Barrington tribe. The
Kirklevington tribe, as well as the Craggs, were both represented: also the
Wild Eyes, Waterloo, Red Rose, Blanche, Nonsuch, and other good families
of long and ancient descent. The Daisy tribe had also some descendants.
The sires used at Conishead and at Horton were highly-bred bulls of Bates
blood.
Messrs. Atkinson
The herd that belonged to Messrs. Atkinson at Peepy, Newcastle, was es-
tablished early in the nineteenth century, one of the first bulls used having
been Archduke Charles, calved in i8o5. All along well-bred sires were in ser-
vice, and frequent introductions were made of xvell-descended females. The
Crofton and Towneley herds were from time to time largely drawn upon.
Many bulls of Booth blood were bought by Messrs. Atkinson, and several
sires were hired direct from Warlaby. The bulk of the herd was sold in 1872,
when seventy-five head averaged close on 7o each. A similar average was
obtained in 1875, when the herd was dispersed, after an existence of over
seventy years. Oxford Beautys Justicia made the highest price, 550 gs. to
Mr. Wilson, Shotley Hall, and subsequently went to Mr. Mc- Culloch, in
Australia. Among the tribes at one time or another in the hands of lVlessrs.
John and George Atkinson were the Little Red Rose branch of the Farewells,
the old Tyneside Leopoldines, and the Ringlets, and Familiars. Mr. John
Atkinson died in his eighty-fourth yeai; on January ith, i886.
Mr. Bannerman, Chorley

Mr. Bannerman, Chorley another leader of Shorthorn breeding in Lan-
cashirebecame associated with the rise of the Towneley herd as an important
contributor to its composition. He had gone to Killerby for his stock, and
bought Mr. John Booths Madaline, Mantle, Myrtle, and Alba. This last-
named cow, breeding to Beau of Killerby 7821, a son of Madaline and of the
Warlaby sire Raspberry, gave birth to Victor 8739, and the union of Mantle
and Victor produced Beauty, famous in the Towneley annals as the dam of
Beautys Butterfly; so that Beauty united in her veins the blood of three of
the four cows purchased by Mr. Bannerman at KillerbyMantle, Alba, and
Madaline. Lineal descendants of Madaline were also among the noted Short-
horns of the first Towneley herd, and, when that herd was sold in 1864, her
five direct representatives (four females and one male) averaged 138 125.
each. They were Alice Butterfly, 300 gs., Mr. Howe; Double Butterfly, 300
gs., Mr. Eastwood; Alice Wharfdale, 50 gs., Lady Pigot; Pho be Butterfly,
50 gs., Mr. Roper, afterwards Mr. Eastwoods; and the bull Royal Butterfly
i5th, sold to the Duke of Rutland for i6o gs. The Madalines, as represent-
ing an old Killerby tribe of the first order of merit, have since gained much
attention on the part of those who duly appreciate the foundations laid by
the head of the Booth family, Mr. Thomas Booth, the father of the distin-
guished brothers, Messrs. John Booth, of Killerby, and Richard Booth, of
Warlaby, and grandfather of the Messrs. T. C. Booth, of Warlaby, and J. B.
Booth, of Killerby. The breeder of the Shorthorns sold to Mr. Bannerman,
and afterwards to Colonel Towneley, was iVIr. John Booth, the son of the
founder. The Madalines, in fact, trace back directly into the original herd
of the founder himself.
Mr. T. Barber
Mr. T. Barber’s herd at Sproatley Rise contained a very choice collection
of the Duchess Nancy family. They were bought from Colonel Towneley,
who had purchased Duchess Nancy at lVlessrs. Bells sale at Kirklevington
in 1850. At Mr. Barbers sale in 1876 six cows and heifers of this family
averaged 174 gs., the 38 animals offered averaging about 90 each. In addition
to the Duchess of Clarence, as the late members of the tribe were called,
there were the Feathers, descended from the Right Hon. C. Arbuthnots
stock, and the Amelias full of Towneley blood. Waterloos were also kept,
and the sires were selected with great care from the best herds.
237
Mr. F. Barchard
Mr. F. Barchard’s herd at Horsted, Sussex, consisted mainly of animals
of Bates blood. The principal tribes were the Horsted Roses and Roses of
Kent, both being descendants of the old Cambridge Red Rose tribe, and the
Wild Eyes, tracing from the late Duke of Devonshires remarkably fine cow,
Winsome 6th by Grand Duke ioth. Wave Murmur, of the Waterloo tribe,
was from Lord Polwarths prize-xvinning Wave branch of this favourite old
family. In 1893, the bulk of the herd was dispersed with a very successful
result. Horsted Rose 4th was bought by Mr. E. Potter for I55 gs., and
the foundation of Mr. Abel Buckleys herd in co. Tipperary was virtually
laid by the purchase of several heifers and the bull Cambridge Duke 26th
58,582. Most of the animals in a second herd, sold in 1898, were by this ex-
cellent sire or Grand Duke 6ist 67,146, bred by the late Earl of Bective, and
purchased at the dispersion of the Underley herd in 1894.
Mr. C. A. Barnes
Mr. C. A. Barnes’ herd at Chorleywood, Herts, contained many specimens
of Mr. Jonas Webbs Celias from Babraham. There were also representatives
of the families of Earl Ducies Lizzie, Mr. Boldens Czarina, Mr. B. Wilsons
Brawith Bud, the Darlington, Julietta, and other families. Bulls of Bates
blood were used. At the sale of the herd in September, 1873, an average of
53 lOS. was realised, several of the animals making ioo gs. and over.
Mr. Cadwallader J. Bates

MR. Cadwallader J. Bates’ herd, was originally founded by his grand uncle,
Mr. Thomas Bates, at Halton Castle, Northumberland, i8oi, removed to
Kirklevington 1830, re- founded at Heddon in 1889, and removed to Langley
Castle, 1896. Mr. C. J. Bates collected at considerable expense a number of
animals descended from the celebrated herd so long bred at Kirklevington.
They represented the well- known Duchess, Oxford Red Rose, Foggathorp ,
Waterloo, and Wild Eyes tribes, as well as the Lady Bates, Kirklevington,
Fuchsia, Place, and other families bred by the Messrs. Bell, at Kirklevington.
Mr. Bates used Lord Armstrongs Wild Duke of Geneva 131st 66,557, who
was by Sir John Swinburnes Baron Winsome 22nd, as well as Grand Duke
of Tynedale 70,563 his son, from Grand Duchess 65th. With a view of
introducing a little fresh blood of the Scotch strains, he selected Count
Waterloo 74310, bred by Mr. W. Duthie, a son of Mr. J. Deane Willis
Count Arthur from Waterloo Princess 24th, descended from the Waterloo
tribe. He afterwards purchased Duke of Leicester i8th 63908, who combined
the Waterloo, Barrington, and Duchess blood, and left many good animals,
including the very fine bull Sixth Duke of Northumberland 74,414 from a
large framed beautiful Duchess cow, York Rose, bred by His Majesty the
King, at Sandringham. This bull was in service when the herd was sold in
1902, as well as Hearts Desire 79044, by Mr. John Handleys Warlock from
Thorndale Duchess 8th. Mr. Bates (who was author of the work Thomas
Bates and the Kirk- levington Shorthorn which is frequently referred to in
this volume) died in 1902, aged 49 years.
Mr. Beasley
Mr. Beasley, Chapel Brampton, sold his herd in r8 i, when the J. family for
the first time got into the hands of the public. A paragraph with reference to
this tribe appeared in Mr. Thorntons Shorthorn Circular (Vol. I. page ioi)
in i868, as follows : Mr. J. 1 1. Beasley, of Chapel Brampton, has issued a
small printed paper wherein the pedigree of the J. tribe is traced to Mr. R.
Collings Princess by Favourite 252. It appears that Janette, the cow usually
given as the ancestress of this family, was purchased by Mr. Thos. Beasley,
of Harston, from Sir John Thornton, to whom Sir Henry Vane Tempest had
given her as a dairy cow. It is well known that Robert Colling sold Princess
to Sir H. V. Tempestit is rumoured for 700 gs.and the Gwynnes, the Elviras,
and the Stephenson Princesses all date from Sir H. V. Tempests sale in 1813.
Mr. Thomas Beasley exchanged Janette for Landlady with his brother, Mr.
John Beasley, of Brampton, the father of Mr. J. N. Beasley, who gives the
correct pedigree as follows
Janette by Wellington 684, dam Alexina by Phenomenon 40!,

gr. d. Anne Boleyn by Favourite 262, gr. g. d. Princess by
Favourite 252.
Twenty-one animals averaged 68 14s. at Mr. J. Beasleys sale, in 1862.
Mr. H. W. Beauford
Mr. H. W. Beauford, Ludhorough House, Thrapston, selected cattle from

the herd of Mr. Bates at Kirklevington, and no more enthusiastic admirer of
the Bates strains vas to be found. He hired Third Duke of Northumberland
3647 from Mr. Bates, and bred at Bletsoe some animals that had a great
reputation. Mr. Jonas Webb obtained at Mr. Beau- fords first sale Celia,
which gave rise to the largest of all the Babraham tribes, and provided Mr.
Webb with his Royal winners, Englishman and Miss Emily. He also used
Mr. John Booths Diamond, and bred from the tribe of Robert Colling, to
which Mr. Torr traced his Flowers, Blanche 2nd, bred by Mr. Bates, was
sold privately to Rev. T. Cator, and ultimately passed to Mr. Beauford,
who crossed her with Diamond, son of the famous twin Necklace. Many of
the well-known Blanche tribe are descended from this line.
239
The Rev. W. Holt Beever

The Rev. W. Holt Beever, rector of Llandyssil, Mont- gomeryshire, was
well known as a breeder and talented writer, being author of the valuable
book, Leading Tribes of Short- horns. He was at first very successful with
the Barmpton Roses, several of which at his sale in 1872 averaged 120.
Subsequently he devoted much attention to the development of the Old
Daisy tribe, specimens of which were obtained from the late Mr. 5. 0.
Priestley, of Trefan, Carmarthenshire. This family became so popular in his
possession that when the sale took place in 1879 twenty two of the animal
nearly 123.s averaged
The Rev. John Benson

The Rev. John Benson lived near Cockermouth, and was a Shorthorn
breeder in the early years of the last century. He bred, among other early
recorded animals, a bull named MacGeorge 1183, entered without date ;
but as that bull was a son of Mr. Masons George, calved in 1802, and was
the grandsire of a cow named Caroline, bred by Mr. Benson, in 1820, we
have approximately the period of Mr. Bensons first appearance among the
Shorthorn breeders of the north of England. He held a distinguished posi-
tion as a breeder for many years, and owed some part of the excellence of his
herd to the influence of Mr. Charges Western Comet 689, whose stock were
said to be invariably good. Western Comet, in fact, was one of those bulls
of extraordinarily impressive power, which occasionally are found in the
history of each improved breed. Mr. Benson had cows from the herds of Mr.
and Miss Wright, of Cleasby, and Mr. Gibson, of Stagshaw Bank; among
the latter, a cow bred by Mr. W. Jobling, one of the old Northumberland
breeders.
Mr. Birchall
In the Preston district, Mr. Birchall, of Ribbleton Hall, was an influential
friend of the advancing Shorthorn. He had in his carefully selected herd
Mr. Trout- becks Dorothy Gwynne, Mr. Watkins Welfare, Mr. Bustons
Eliza, and some descendants of Mr. Waldys Barmpton Rose, the famous
cow xvhich was owned successively by Mr. Wetherell, Mr. H. Watson, of
Walkeringliam, and Sir Charles Tempest, and is best knoxvn as the source
(direct and indirect) of Col. Towneleys Butterfly group. Among other
remarkable cows in the Ribbleton herd was Rosina, bred by Sir Charles
Tempest, in 1837. Rosinas sire, Nimrod, of Mr. Robert Collings Bright
Eyes tribe, was exported to America by the Ohio Company, and her dam,
Fancy, bred by Mr. Cattley, of Brandsby, from the Rosette tribe (White
Rosette by Juniper, etc.), was also the dam of Fashion (see illustration,
Coatess Herd Book, Vol. V., pt. i, 1st ed., p. 361) and of Frill, whose
descendants are to this day often called the Frills. Sir Charles Tempests
cattle were Shorthorns of a grand, portly type, of great early growth, heavy-
fleshed, fattening rapidly, and consequently, if over-kept, inclined to become
gross in later life. From Rosina Mr. Birchall bred his prize bull Ribblesdale
7422 (illustration, Herd Book, Vol. VI.), a son of Buchan Hero, of the
Ladykirk and Phantassie blood. Duke of Lancaster 10,929, headed the list
of bulls in Mr. Birchalls sale catalogue of 1852, when the Ribbleton herd of
forty-two Shorthorns was sold.
Captain Blatuwayt
Captain Blatuwayt, of Dyrham Park, Gloucestershire, died in October, 1899,
in his seventy-sixth year. Forty years prior to his death, on a beautiful estate
in the Cotswolds, he kept an excellent herd of Shorthorns, bred from Messrs.
Richs stock at Didmarton, and the old Bates strains that for so long held
sway in the county. He was also much attached to Mr. J. W. Philips sort
at Heybridge, Stafford- shire. His taste was for large, wealthy animals with
good udders and plenty of hair, this being necessary for his high- lying
farm on the borders of the Cotswold hills. He used Sir Charles Knightleys
Mosquito and other bulls of Tortworth and Kingscote blood. One of his best
bulls was Monarch, also from a Knightley cow. Duke of Albany, however,
was his great sire. This very fine masculine roan bull was a son of Seventh
Duke of York, from Fidget 4th by Fourth Duke of York, granddam Fidget
2nd by Mr. Bates Duke of Northumberland. He was the, sire of the two
famous Fuchsias, 12th and 13th, which Lord Dunmore purchased at the
Dyrham sale in I873 for 900 gs., while the bull himself was purchased by the
late Mr. Larking. The herd, on being dispersed, averaged 83 for sixty-nine
head.
Messrs. Bolden
Messrs. Bolden, of Hyning.Hyning, near Carnforth, was the home of a very
choice little herd, that of Mr. John Bolden, the father of the Rev. John
Bolden, who in his earlier days was much among the leading Shorthorn
breeders, and was recognised as one of the best of judges, inheriting in
full measure his fathers rare skill of sight and touch. Mr. Samuel Edward
Bolden, the brother of the Rev. John Bolden, became more widely known in
connection with Shorthorns than either his father or his brother, especially
with Grand Duke and the Grand Duchesses. Among the earlier cows owned
by Mr. John Bolden were Mr. XVrights Lady Jane by Comet, that bred
him many calves; Mr. Booths Albina by hex (a son of Isabella by Pilot);
Fortune, also from Mr. Booth, by Governor 1077, and out of Fair Maid
by Agamemnon; and from the same eminent breeder, Isabella, a daughter
of the famous cow Isabella by Pilot. For many years the services of Booth
241
bulls were largely resorted to at Hyning, the last of these being Royal Buck,
Leonidas, and Benedict. The Hyning herd was not at any time a herd of
show animals, but it was a collection of very fine Shorthorns, from which, if
a man were so minded, show animals of the highest order might be obtained.
This was amply proved in later years, when descendants of Mr. John Boldens
stock in the hands of Colonel Towneley and of Mr. James Douglas were very
prominent winners at the greatest shows in the kingdom. After Mr. Boldens
death the herd was removed to Springfield Hall, Lancaster, the residence of
his son, Mr. S. E. Bolden, and was there sold on April 27th, 1855, when
high prices were realised.
Mr. John Bowman

Mr. John Bowman’s herd at Sandwith, Whitehaven, was established about
1865. Several of the cows were purchased from the herds belonging to Messrs.
Atkinson, the late Mr. Pawlett, Mr. Caddy, Mr. Foster, of Killhow, Mr. R.
Jefferson, Mr. Stirling, and others; the tribes comprising the Fame, Gwynne,
Lousie, Rosamond, Angus Lame Cow, Lawsons Cherry, and other old sorts
which were crossed with sires of Booth blood. The herd was sold in October,
I875, at an average of 62 13s. 2d., the bulls Prince Thomas and Borough
Member making respectively 280 gs. (Mr. S. Campbell) and 200 gs. (Mr.
T. Marshall); and Castanet, 210 gs. (Mr. H. Caddy).
Mr. Robert Bradshaw

Mr. Robert Bradshaw, Lord of the Manor of Halton, Lancashire, who, about
the year 1820, had at Halton Hall an excellent herd, selected from the herds
of Sir Henry Carr-Ibbetson, Mr. Charge, and other Yorkshire and Durham
breeders of note in that day. Mr. Hinde, a member of an old Lancaster
family, about the same time, at Beaumont Grange, then called Beaumont
Castle, had the Elvira strain from Mr. Binnss dispersion, and, on leaving
Beaumont Castle, sold his few Shorthorns to Mr. J3radshaws agent, Mr.
Webster, who eventually became possessed of the best of Mr. Bradshaws,
and had a really fine herd, comprising animals purchased from Mr. Cur-
wen, of Workington Hall, and tracing to the stock of General Simson, of
Pitcorthie.
Mr. Henry A. Brassey

Mr. Henry A. Brassey’s herd at Preston Hall, Ayles- ford, was full of high-
class Bates blood. The Bracelets originally selected by the late Mr. S. E.
Bolden formed a special feature of the herd. Among the Waterloos were
some very fine specimens; one (Waterloo Bienvenue 2nd) having been sold
at the sale in 1887 for 205 gs., to Mr. P. L. Mills. The sires used were
Second Duke of Tregunter 26,022, Grand Duke 19th 28,746, Grand Duke
24th 30,464, Duke of Oxford 44th 39,774, and Duke of Rosedale 12th 46,268,
a son of Duke of Connaught from Thorndale Rose 5th. Mr. Brassey died
May, 1891.
Lord Braybrooke
The late Lord Braybrooke’s herd at Audley End had been in existence about
a quarter of a century prior to 1879. A large portion was sold in I872, and
it then consisted of only three families. These were the Knightley Walnut,
obtained by the purchase of the pure Knightley cow Memento at the Horsted
sale, 1864 (her sire and dam both being bred at Fawsley); the Duchess Nancy,
of the same origin as the fashionable Kirklevingtons and Carolinas, by the
purchase of Duchess of Oxford from Sproatley Rise in 1862; and (by far the
most important addition to the herd) the Cambridge Rose branch of the
Red Rose tribe, by the purchase of The Beauty at the Babraham sale, 1863,
and Thorndale Rose and Thorn- dale Rose II. at the Preston Hall sale, 1867.
This tribe, famous in the days of Robert Colling, in the possession of Mr.
Bates, became greatly celebrated. Cambridge Premium Rose (previously
named Red Rose 13th) gained the first prize at the second show of the
Royal Agricultural Society of England, held at Cambridge, 1840; and Mr.
Bates used this tribe to cross his Duchesses, taking in the first instance that
famous bull Second Hubback 1423, a son of Red Rose 1st Rose of Sharon, one
of the best animals of her day in the Kirklevington herd, went to America
at a high price and produced the numerous family which obtained so great
a celebrity in the herd of Mr. Abram Renick in Kentucky and afterwards in
this country by the importations into the Dunmore, LJnderley, Elmhurst,
Rowfant, Whittlebury, and Ilindlip herds. The Thorndale Rose, the purest
line of this tribe, when the sale took place in 1879, existed only at Audley
End, no females having been publicly or privately offered since 1867. Bulls
were used in the Kingscote, Brailes, Lathom, and other first- class herds.
The system of breed ing was to send the cows to the most celebrated Duchess
bulls in the kingdom. These included Mr. Mcintoshs Third Duke of Geneva
23753, Messrs. Leneys Eighth Duke of Geneva 28,390 and Sixth Duke of
Oneida 30,997, the Earl of Bectives Duke of Underley 33,745, and the Duke
of Manchesters Third Duke of Underley 38,196. Their sons, called Dukes
of Rosedale, were used in the herd. Lord Braybrooke died in 1902, aged
seventy-nine years.
Mr. C. W. Brierley
Mr. C. W. Brierley, first in Lancashire, and subsequently at Rosedale, and
The Lydiates, Brimfield, Herefordshire, was a most successful exhibitor at
the leading shows. Some of the original purchases were from Mr. H. Ambler
and in 1879, when a fresh start was made, one of the prominent animals
243
was Snowflake, a great winner, by Bolivars Farewell 33,173 out of Boli-

vars White Tulip by the Royal prize bull Bolivar 15,649. From this cow a
very valuable family was descended. Mr. Brierley had purchased Messrs.
Anguss Tulip Flower at Broomley, Northumberland, in 1869, previous se-
lections having been made at the Towneley sale in 1864, and elsewhere.
Others were descended from the old-established herds of Colonel Sir Nigel
Kingscote, Sir George Jenkinson, Rev. R. B. Kennard, and Messrs. Barnes,
in Cumberland. The sires used were always first-class animals, including
the well-known prize bulls Rosedale Oxford 48,597, Ruckley 50,398, Mar-
tinet 59,455 (son of the Royal prize bull Mario 51,713, which Mr. Brierley
owned for several years), from Patience, dam of Mr. Duthies Pride of Morn-
ing, Crown Prince 60,564, Christmas Prince 65,267, and Joe Ingram 65,700.
The cow Snowflake was first at the Royal show in 1884, and Jewel 2nd from
Rosedale Jewel xvon in Iet98. A sale held in March, 1895 comprised a large
number of prize animals. In one year nearly Iiooo was won in prizes.
Mr. Riley Briggs
Mr Riley Briggs, Osgodby Hall, was for some years prominent as a buyer
whenever the most valuable Kirklevington tribes were offered. The Water-
loos (from Lord Penrhyn and Sir W. Lawson) were well represented, and also
the Wild Eyes tribe, through the highly esteemed Lady Worcester branch.
The Kirklevingtons came from Sir W. H. Salts and Mr. G. Foxs herds; and
the herd also contained some animals of the Gwynne and Oxford Rose
tribes.
Mr. A. Brogden
Mr. A. Brogden’s herd at Stone Cross, Ulverston, was selected from some
of the leading herds, and consisted principally of animals of the most
fashionable Bates strains. Foremost among them was Grand Duchess of
Oxford 12th, purchased at Holker in 1873 ; she produced Lightburnes Duke
of Oxford 36,895, sold into Yorkshire for 6 o gs.; Lightburnes Duke of Oxford
2nd 38,564, a handsome young bull by the Fifth Duke of Wetherby 31,033,
and the roan heifer-calf Lightburnes Duchess of Oxford. Two bulls bred
from her at Holker were each sold for 1000 gs. The animals of the Princess
tribe were among the purest of this favourite family. They were bred from
Princess 2nd, purchased at the Killhow sale, i868, for 300 gs., and by Third
Duke of Thorndale, the sire of the Duke of Devonshires celebrated cow Lady
Oxford 5th, the dam of the prize bulls the Baron Oxfords. Others were of
the Waterloo and Cherry Duchess tribes.
Mr. A. H. Browne
The late Mr. A. H. Browne, who died in 1898, established a first-class herd
at Doxford, which was dispersed at Hawkhill in 1879, at an average of C93
I 2S. 8d. for forty-six head. The second herd sold in 1903 was simply the
nucleus of what would have become a very fine one had his valuable life been
spared. It consisted of three excellent families, the Jeans, the Daisies, and
the Princesses. The Jeans, descended from the old Booth Farewell tribe, had
been very successful, and were most favourably known. The Daisies were
bred from Daisys Fancy, bought at Alnwick, the dam of the Beau Brummel,
winner of several prizes in Ireland. The Princesses had been bred at Callaly
for many years, and are descended from Mr. Nicol Mimes well-known herd
at Faldonside. The bull Studleys Prince 66407, a son of Studleys Knight,
was long used. Most of the best cows were sent to first-class sires in service
at Alnwick, Chillingham, and Ratcheugh. The former herd was specially
noted in connection with the three Royal first prize winnersDuke of Aosta,
Pioneer, and Rosario.
Mr. J. S. Bult
Mr. J. S. Bult had a very old-established herd at Dodhill House, Taunton.
He used the Rev. H. Berrys Mynheer 1255, calved in 1825 and in 1856,
purchased Sir Charles Knightleys Anemone, and latterly the herd consisted
largely of her descendants. Good bulls were used, and the herd from 1850 to
1884 produced some noted animals that were fattened and took high places
at the Smithfield shows, while the breeding stock were also successfully,
shown at the Royal, the Bath and West, and county shows.
Mr. William Burnyeat

Mr. William Burnyeat’s herd at Grenaby, was the largest and one of the
oldest and best in the Isle of Man. For many years it xvon the principal
prizes as well as the silver cup for the best animal exhibited at the Island
Show, and was most carefully selected from several of the principal herds
in England, Ireland, and Scotland. Founded by Mr. Lace from the first-class
stocks of the late Captain Spencer and Mr. W. Carr, of Stackhouse, as well
as from Mr. Willis old-established herd at Carperby, Yorkshire, it passed in
1870 into the possession of Mr. Burnyeat, who made important additions
to it from the celebrated herds of the late Mr. Win. Torr, of Aylesby, Mr.
S. Wiley, of Brandsby, and the Rev. T. Staniforth, of Storrs, as well as from
the noted herds of Mr. J. Beattie, of Newbie, Scotland, and Mr. W. Bolton,
Mr. E. J. Smith, and Colonel Ffolliott, in Ireland. The sires used were
remarkably fine specimens of Booth blood. At the sale in 1878 there were
six specimens of the Mantalinis, and several animals of Mr. Torrs Flower,
G, and W tribes. The Vesper family had sixteen specimens derived from
245
Mr. Wileys herd. The Gwynne, the Victoria, and the Anna (Buttercup
branch) tribes had several representatives, also the pure Booth family of
Lady Blithe, obtained at high prices at the Newbie and Storrs sales, and
four of the tribes so long and successfully bred by Mr. Willis in Yorkshire.
Major Chaffey
Major Chaffey established a herd in 1876, which was kept partly at Worton
and partly at Odcombe, in Somersetshire, change of pasture being considered
almost as beneficial as change of blood. It consisted of four well- known
tribesviz., the Wild Eyes, Oxfords, Princesses, and Nibletts. The Wild
Duchesses were in two sections, Rosedales and Wortons. Both trace from
Mr. Cheneys Wild Duchess of York, by the famous old Bates sire Seventh
Duke of York, From two own sisters, Geneva 4th and 5th, the Wortons and
Rosedales were descended. From Mr. Holford was obtained the Valerie
Oxfords, a branch of his Viscountess Oxford tribe.
Chillingham
Chillingham, famous as the home of one of the very few remaining herds of
the White Park cattle, has also been vell known for its improved Shorthorns,
owned by the Earl of Tankerville. Messrs. Jobson, at Chillingham Newton,
Mr. Hunt, at Thornington, and others in the district, were among the
earliest supporters of the Herd Book, and it was from Mr. Hunts herd that
some heifers were originally purchased for the home farm at Chillingham.
It was not, however, until the dispersion of the celebrated herd belonging
to the late Mr. Win. Torr, at Aylesby, Lincolnshire, that any animals
of high breeding were introduced: three valuable cows, Galliot, Mountain
Vale, and Well-Born, were then purchased, and they were considered and
illustrated as three of the finest specimens of their respective tribes. Two
animals were selected from Messrs. Angus herd at Broomley, one of the
oldest in the county, if not in the kingdom, when it was sold in 1878. Gaiety
3rd, among the very best of the cows, was one of these, and Lady Gaiety,
a beautiful heifer-calf, the other. Gaiety 3rd was well known to the public
by her frequent successes at the meetings of the Royal Agricultural Society
of England, the Highland Society of Scotland, and at the Yorkshire and
Northumberland shows. Hermitage was a very favourite cow in the Rev. T.
Staniforths herd, and was bought at Storrs in 1877. Honoured Guest, bred
by Mr. Jefferson, in Cumberland, produced some fine stock to the first-class
bulls that were always used in the herd. These were Fitz-Roland 33,936,
bred by the late Mr. Torr, by Knight of the Shire from Highland Flower
(sold for i oo gs.), and Sir Raymond 40,716, and Prince Albert Victor 40,479,
both bred at Warlaby. The herd was dispersed in 1882.
Mr. Harvey Combe

Mr. Harvey Combe, Cobbam, was one of the early breeders who did much
to extend the reputation of the Shorthorn, his periodical sales attracting
buyers from all parts of England, and also from Australia. He purchased
Cambridge Rose 6th at Mr. Bates sale at Kirk- levington, in 1850, for 73 los.,
her first calf being The Beau, by Mr. Mason Hoppers prize bull Belleville
6778. At Cobham she bred regularly, producing eleven calves, comprising
The Beauty and The Buck, both by Puritan 9523, Moss Rose by Marmaduke
14,897, and Thorndale Rose by 4th Duke of Thorndale 17,750, The Buck
13,836 was sold to Australia in 1856 for 185 gs. The Beauty went to Mr.
Jonas Webb for 165 gs. in 1859, and at the Babraham sale in 1863 Lord
Braybrooke bought her in calf to the Celia bull English- man. Moss Rose fell
to Mr. Hale for 260 gs., and Blush to the same breeder for 10 gs. From her
descend the Heydon Roses. Thorndale Rose was sold privately from Cobham
in 1864 to Mr. Betts for 200 gs., and at his sale in 1867 Lord Braybrooke
purchased her for 355 gs. The bull Marmaduke 14,897 (by Duke of Gloster
11,382, dam Minerva 2nd) was bought at Mr. Marjoribanks sale for 500 gs.,
and at Mr. Harvey Combes sale went to Lord Penrhyn for 350 gs. Lady
Bates was bought at Mr. Tanquerays sale in 1855 for 105 gs. At the sale in
1856 twenty-nine lots averaged about o.
Mr. Charles Collard

Mr. Charles Collard, Little Barton, Canterbury, Kent, established his herd
from the best sources. It consisted principally of the old Blush family, the
Darlington and old Gwynne tribes, and the Dennisons from Bapton Manor.
Bulls of Bates blood were formerly kept, Sir James Deans 71,613, bred by
Mr. J. Harris, of Calthwaite, Cumberland, being the last used by Mr. C.
Collard, after whose death Golden Sun 74,652, bred by Mr. T J.Deane
Willis, and Count Victory 74,308, by Mr. Willis Count Valiant, were used.
Solomon 75,706, bred by Mr. R. XV.Hobbs, by Mr. Edmonds Earl of
Southrop 125th, was also in service. Animals were frequently shown and
prizes won at the Ashford and Canterbury shows, and at the East Kent and
Tunbridge Wells shows.
Mr. H. Ker Colville

Mr. H. Ker Colville’s herd at Bellaport which was sold in 1905 was estab-
lished with a view to improve the general dairy cattle in the large district
where the three counties join, near Market Drayton. Purchases were origin-
ally made in the Gloucestershire district from the late Mr. Thos. Morris,
Mr. Sidney Hill, and Mr. T. R. Hulbert; in Cumberland and Westmorland
from Mr. Mason of Water- crook, Mr. J. C. Toppin, Mr. J. Hewson and
Mr. W. H. Hall. The herds of old-established breeders in Cheshire and
247
Shropshire were also drawn upon; many good animals came from the late
Mr. P. H. Chesters, Messrs. Evans, Mr. XV. Nevett, and others. Bulls were
very judiciously selected. A large number of prizes were won, seven having
been awarded to cows competing for the Shorthorn Societys dairy prizes.
Mr. H. Theodore Cookson

Mr. H. Theodore Cookson’s herd at Grandon Farm, Somersetshire, was
established in 1890 with the assistance of Mr. Robert Bruce, of Dublin, who
selected some first-class animals in Aberdeenshire, including those fine cows
Augusta 19th, bred by Mr. James Bruce, of Inverquhomery, and Monogram
30th, bred by Mr. Scott, of Towie Barclay. First Rose and Crest were
purchased from Mr. Duthie, Collynie, and Vain Girl (bred by Mr. Duthie)
from Mr. Deane Willis. In 1893 three cows and heifers were carefully selected
and bought at Mr. J. Deane XVillis sale at Bapton Manor; Amulet 7th, from
Lord Broughams extensive herd in Westmorland, and Zeal 74th, from Mr.
W. Fowler in Rutland, of the old Lenton blood, were afterwards added to
the herd, as well as a couple of prize heifers from Mr. G. F. Kings dairy
herd at Chewton Keynsham. The herd was exhibited with success, and was
almost entirely dispersed in September, 1899.
Mr. C. Cradock
Hartforth, Richmond, Yorks, was the home of good Shorthorns from the
beginning of the last century, having been contemporary with the herds at
Dun- combe Park and Warlaby. More than half a century ago it became
very famous, the blood of its finest animals finding its way through the bulls
Gainford 2044, Guardian 3937, and Mussulman 4525 to the best herds in
Cumberland and Westmorland, Earl Spencers at Wiseton, as well as those
at Killerby and Warlaby. At a later period the Cherry blood was used
in Colonel Towneleys celebrated herd, and also with the Grand Duchesses.
The herd was afterwards kept as a practical working dairy herd, the late Mr.
Cradock being strongly adverse to the forcing system. It consisted mostly
of three tribes, viz., the Old Cherrys and Nannys, which virtually had their
origin at Ha rtforth, and the Ciss family. There were also animals of the
Gwynne tribe, obtained from Lord Zetlands herd at Upleatham. Bates
blood, combined with that of the noted Old Daisy tribe, was used for a
number of years through Fairy Duke 4th 52,857 and Fairy Duke 22nd 62,564,
both from Mr. Langdale Barrows herd in Derbyshire. The herd was sold in
1896, on the death of Mr. Christopher Cradock.
Mr. D. R. Davies
Mr. D. R. Davies, at Bucklow Hall Farm, Cheshire, owned several specimens
of the Cambridge Rose tribe, buying Moss Rose at the Killhoxv sale in i868
for 400 gs. This cow was sold to Mr. Cheney in 1870 at 350 gs., and
her daughter, Moss Rose 2nd made 8oo gs. Moss Rose was a beautiful
cow of choice quality, and was dam of the famous sires Royal Cambridge
25,009, Royal Cumberland 27,358, Royal Chester 29,852, Royal Lancaster
29,870, and King of the Roses 22,043. At the Bucklow Hall sale in 1870,
two Wellingtonias made i6o gs. and 200 gs., going to Mr. W. W. SIye and
Mr. F. Leney. In the herd were Lady Best from Mr. Langston, Countess of
Barrington and Minstrel from Holker, Surmise and Heiress from Mr. Hales,
Cherry Empress from Mr. Logan, Water Girl from Mr. Anthony Maynard,
Leonora from Mr. Jolly, and many others.
Mr. R. Pavin Davies

Mr. R. Pavin Davies, Horton, Gloucestershire, was for some years a breeder
of Bates Shorthorns, and his agent, Mr. Kello, was the purchaser of the
highest-priced cow at the New York Mills sale in J873, Eighth Duchess
of Geneva, for 8120 gs. The cow, however, never reached this country,
having died in America. Grand Duchess 21st by Grand Duke 17th and
her heifer-calf, were sold by Mr. McIntosh to Mr. R. Pavin Davies for
3000 gs. He had also several of the Kirklevington tribe, and at a sale in
1874, Kirk- levington 18th made 585 gs., Kirklevington Duchess 2nd 410
gs., Kirklevington Duchess 6th 280 gs., and Kirklevington Duchess 12th 250
gs.
Mr. W. F. D. Dickinson
Among the breeders around Ulverston was Mr. W. F. D. Dickinson, a
surgeon, and a very true judge of cattle, having in early life developed the
tastes to which the then rural character of that district was favourable. Mr.
Dickinson was once very near making Mr. Bates Cleveland Lad 3407 the
sheet-anchor of his herd. He declared that he found in Cleveland Lad all
the good properties he could find in Mr. Booths Shorthorns; but when
that hope failed him he turned his attention elsewhere, and became more
and more partial to the Shorthorns of Warlaby. Among the bulls he used
were Mr. Richard Booths Benedict 7828, Earl Ducies Florian 12,887, a
white, lengthy, stylish son of Fourth Duke of York, and Colonel Towneleys
Hogarth I 3,036, a big blood-red son of Mr. Booths Harbinger. He bred
some beautiful specimens of Mr. Parkinsons Cressida tribe, which, perhaps,
must be considered the best tribe in his herd at Mountbarrow, although he
was very fond of some of the old local Shorthorn families.
Mr. E. Ecroyd
Mr. E. Ecroyd’s herd at Armathwaite, Carlisle, where a large part of it
was sold in 1896, consisted principally of the old Barmpton Rose and Mil-
249
licent tribes, which were obtained by the private purchase of eleven cows
and heifers from Mr. Robert Thompsons prize herd at Inglewood in 1883.
There were also a number of the Rhoda and Waterloo families, both of
which came from Brayton, as well as several of the Oxford tribe, also of the
Duchess family, and descendants of the late Rev. Thos. Staniforths Rose of
Warlaby. Bulls of Bates blood were used from the Holker herdviz. Duke of
Oxford 72nd 57,143, and Duke of Chatsworth 3rd 57,185. It being deemed
expedient to introduce a little fresh blood, Vain Robin 66,452, first at the
R.A.S.E. Show at Cambridge, was purchased from Mr. J. Deane Willis,
and afterwards sold at a high price to the French syndicate of breeders. To
follow him Golden Robin 68,718 was obtained from Mr. Willis. For some
time animals were exhibited with considerable distinction at the Royal, the
county, and local shows. Since the dispersion sale in 1903 Mr. Ecroyd keeps
only a few animals, chiefly of Bates blood.
Mr. I. N. Edwards
The foundation of the herd at Westminster Lodge, St. Albans, was laid by
the purchase of some well-bred Shorthorns showing great milking proper-
ties. They comprised specimens of the Old Cherry, Seraphina, Madrigal,
Vestris, Pye, J., and other favourite strains. From the dairy herd of Mr. E.
C. Tisdall, of Horton, Elvira 7th and the well-known prize cow Matchless
were selected. The object in the selection was to obtain large-framed, good-
fleshed cows that would milk heavily. They were carefully managed, a reg-
ister being kept of each cows milk as well as of its percentage of cream. At
the London Dairy Shows a number of prizes were won. In 1882, the first and
second prizes, also the Lord Mayors champion prize, were awarded to the
cows Daffodil and Matchless 5th. The May Duchesses were also successful.
Messrs. Evans
The herd at Sherlowe was established over 6o years ago by Messrs. P. A. and
G. T. Evanss father (the late Mr. John Evans), and contained specimens
of many of the choicest families of Bates and Knightley blood, compris-
ing the Oxford, Cambridge Rose, Waterloo, Musical, Gazelle, Sweetheart,
Darlington and Craggs tribes.
Mr. George Faulkner

Mr. George Faulkner, of Rothersthorpe, died in January, 1869, at the age
of eighty. He started his herd, about 1830, with Duchess and Tulip, both
by Boughton 7841, as well as Tulips dam, Sweetbrier from Mr. Clark; and
Deans- anger and Wood Nymph from Mr. Bagshaw. To these, Barrister
1689, was used three years; Milton 8315, a son of Robert Collings Baronet,
did service for a season in his sixteenth year, and died a week after complet-
ing his twenty-first. Eclipse 3684, sire of Mannings celebrated gold-medal
ox, was used in 1840, and Nelson 4547 did service for two years afterwards;
so good was his son, Hector 9200, thought to be that he was used even upon
his own daughters, in his twelfth year. Mr. Faulkner had never a desire for
different blood. Mr. Morris Sardinia 16,908, and Scimitar 16,917, both bred
from Stricklands stock, and from one of the best dairy herds in Gloucester-
shire; and Lady Pigots Knight of Branches 20,076 were among the few, if
not the only fresh strains he introduced. Mr. Win. Faulkner carried on the
herd for many years, his Sweetbriers and other tribes being well known. His
son, Mr. Fred Faulkner, continues the herd.
Mr. James Fawcett

At Scaleby Castle, near Carlisle, a herd of Shorthorns was maintained for
a long period. It was founded by Mr. Rowland Fawcett, father of the late
Mr. James Fawcett, towards the close of the eighteenth century, useful
North - of- England Shorthorns being purchased and entries made in the
opening volumes of the Herd Book. The earliest sires included Emperor
ioio, Champion 3310, and Pizarro 1329, sons of Favourite 256 and Elvira, a
daughter of Mr. Robert Collings Princess, whose blood was further infused
through Snowball 1465 and Don Quixote 987, sons of her granddaughter,
Elverina. The late Mr. James Fawcett was an intimate acquaintance of Mr.
Thomas Bates, and was guided by his counsels in the management of his
herd. Butterfly, by Bellerophon 3117, was purchased; and Disraeli 10,125,
with other sires, came from Mr. Bates. Duke of Oxford i6th 21,605, bred
at Holker, and Royal Cumberland 27358, a son of Grand Duke 4th, were
largely used. At Mr. Thomas I ells sale i September, 1 7I, Eighth Duke
of York 28,480 was purchased at io6 gs., the highest price obtained for a
bull at public auction up to that date. After four years service at Scaleby
Castle, he was offered at the sale in 1875, subject to a reserve of 1000 gs.,
at which figure he was claimed by Mr. T. Holford. Purchases were made
from Southwick, Brawith, and Didmarton ; while Kirklevington Duchess
5th, came from Mr. R. Pavin Davies and several descendants of Mr. Slyes
Lady Bates 3rd bred at Havering Park. Sales were held and good prices
obtained, a portion of the herd disposed of after Mr. Fawcetts death, in
1875, making an average of over ioo gs. The herd was continued for some
years by Mrs. and Capt. M. Fawcett.
Mr. J. P. Foster
Mr. J. P. Foster’s herd at Kilihow, was commenced with animals purchased
from the late Mr. Jonas Webb, and Mr. A. L.Maynard, Marton-le-Moor,
some fine large cows being afterwards procured from Messrs. Langston,
251
Robinson, and Lawford. In 1865 Ballad Singer, bred by the late Lord Feversh
am, and by Fifth Duke of Oxford 2,702, came with her heifer from Mr.
Fawcetts, and Pensive by Fourth Duke of Oxford 11,387 from Mr. Bowlys.
Thirteenth Duke of Oxford 21,604 was purchased for a large sum from the
Duke of Devonshire, and excellent stock fell to him. Some capital Gwynnes
were obtained from Mr. Hetherinaton. At the Preston Hall sale in 1867, iVir.
Foster bought the celebrated cow Moss Rose, while at the Havering Park sale
Princess 2nd by Third Duke of Thorndale 17,749, out of a pure Princess cow
of Mr. Robert CoIlings sort, was purchased, with her heifer calf by Fawsley
Baronet 23920. Royal Cambridge 25,009 was used in 1867. The herd was
continued by Mr. S.P. Foster, and was occasionally increased by the pur-
chase of good animals when first-class herds came into the market, while the
dispersion of portions of the herd when it has outgrown the accommodation
of the farm has done great service to the general stock of the district, which is
celebrated for its good cattle. At the dispersion of the Hindlip herd Duchess
123rd was purchased. This magnificent heifer, second prize at the R.A.S.E.
meeting at Shrewsbury, was out of a granddaughter of the celebrated cow
Duchess 97th. The Oxfords were well represented. These were all descended
from Grand Duchess of Oxford i ith, better known as Mr. Geo. Moores
cow, for which Sir C. M. Lampson gave 2000 gs. The Winsomes were also
represented. Of the favourite Charmer and Surprise tribes there were several
excellent animals. There were also a number of Gwynnes. This family is
one for which the county has been celebrated, in the hands of the late Mr.
Troutbeck, for upwards of half a century, and is one that is as famous for
its size, quality, and constitution, as for its milking properties. Duke of
Ormskirk 36,526, one of the last purchases made by Mr. Fosters father, was
bred by Lord Lathom, a son of Baron Oxford 4th (which did such great
service in the Holker herd), from First Duchess of Oneida. Fiftieth Duke of
Oxford 43,121 was purchased at Holker. Master Inglewood 4th 45,221 was
from Mr. Robert Thompsons well-known prize herd.
Mr. Joseph Fryer
Mr. Joseph Fryer at Smelt House, Durham, acting on the advice of Bishop
Wilkinson and Messrs. Cruick- shank, gradually established a small herd.
Animals were selected from the late Col. Cradock and Mr. W. Mitchell
of Cleasby, and there were many representatives of the old Cleasby Queen
family. He then secured several first-rate animals from Major Ramsay, Mr.
Davidson of Cairnbrogie, and Mr. Mitchell of Auchnagathle. These he
judiciously crossed with bulls selected from the Sittyton herd. The herd was
sold in August, 1904, after Mr. Fryers death.
Mr. J. Kersley Fowler
Mr. J. Kersley Fowler, Prebendal Farm, Aylesbury, began farming in 1853,

and had a small herd of Shorthorns, of the Bates and Knightley blood, part
of which was dispersed in 1869, and the remainder in 1874. His best bulls
were Mr. George Grahams Prince Christian and King Charming, both by
Bates sires from Knightley dams. Finally he used one of Mr. Adkins bulls
that brought in the old Princess blood. At the sale they made excellent
prices, the average being I’98 for fifteen head. He judged at shows, both
in England and on the Continent of Europe. Mr. Fowler died in February,
1903.
Mr. Willingham Fowler
Shorthorns were kept by Mr. Willingham Fowler, and his father before him,
on the farms at Barrow and Cottesmore from the year 1845 and many prizes
were won at the Oakham shows. On the few occasions when the Agricul-
tural Societys meetings were held in the district, animals were successfully
exhibited, the first prize for yearling bulls and reserve for the Championship
being won at Doncaster in 1891 with Eryholme Prince 35th 60,784, who was
afterwards purchased for the Royal herd at Sandringliam, Norfolk. There
were in the herd when it was sold at the Hall Farm, Exton, Oakham, in
1897, a number of choice animals bred from the well-known herds of the
late Mr. Hugh Aylmer in Norfolk and Mr. R. Welsted at Bally.. walter, co.
Cork. Among them were several good representatives of the favourite Bliss,
Bracelet, Riby, Castanet, and Killerby tribes. There were also a few ani-
mals of the celebrated Zeal tribe, descended from Mr. Wilkinson’s herd at
Lenton, Nottingham. In I875 Water Flag and the bull Burghley 36,296 were
purchased from the late Mr. Win. Torrs herd at Aylesby. The sires included
Wallace 48,899, Lord Mowbray 53,177, Lord Broughton 56,029, Royal Wind-
sor 59,850, British Prince 60,420, British Sceptre 66,757, Eryholme Prince
35th 60,784, and Baronet 66,667. MR. G. Foxs herd at Elmhurst Hall,
was established by purchases from the herds at Holker, Dunmore, Underley,
and Gaddesby, as well as by large and valuable importations from America,
comprising several specimens of the Red Rose and Princess tribes. Of the
Gwynne and J. families, both branches of the Princess tribe, the former
were bred from several animals bought at Mr. C. Howards sale at Bidden-
ham, and the J.s were from the stocks of, Sir G. R. Philips, and Messrs.
Graham, of Yardley. Lady Waterloo 28th was descended from the branch
of the Waterloos bred by Mr. J. R.Singleton, of Givendale, who purchased
Waterloo 4th at Mr. Bates sale at Kirklevington. The Knightley blood was
represented by Graceful 2nd of the Charmer tribe, and by specimens of the
Quickly, or Furbelow, family and of the favourite Ruby tribe. A few animals
were of Mason blood, tracing through No. 6 and No. 55, sold at the Chilton
253
sale, 1829, and some were of families (particularly the Frolics), descended
from Mr. Bates Fletcher. The sires were, in most cases, celebrated bulls of
the Duchess tribe.
The late Mr. H. Chandos-Pole-Gell

The late Mr. H. Chandos-Pole-Gell, when he inherited the estate of Hopton
Hall, Derbyshire, erected excellent farm buildings, and in 1862 selected a
few well-bred Shorthorns. He had previously made the acquaintance of Mr.
Win. Wetherell, Aldborough, and he was to him what he had been to Mr.
J. C. Adkins and othersa guiding light in Shorthorn breeding. The bull
Cardigan 12,556, bred by Mr. R.Booth, was used in i86o, and in later years
he had a selection of fine sires in Prince Christian, Knight of the Shire, and
Royal Saxon from the Warlaby herd. His entries in the Herd Book went back
to i86i, and Mr. Pole-Gell was President of the Shorthorn Society in i88i. In
1878 his small herd of twenty-nine head was sold at an average of (64, the
Rev. T. Staniforth giving i6o gs. for Strawberry Leaf and 170 gs. for her
roan heifer calf by Mr. Ackers County Member. After this he purchased the
celebrated cow Bright Lady of the Realm at a very high price. As he then
took more interest in Shire horses, the herd was dispersed in i88i, Bright
Lodestar went to Mr. George Elliott for 205 gs.; for her sister, Bright Ruby,
Mr. E. Heinemann gave 325 gs., and Royal Brilliant, a yearling bull, was
bought by Mr. A. Metcalfe Gibson for i6o gs. Mr. Chandos-Pole-Gell died
in 1902, aged 73 years.
Mr. Anthony Metcalfe Gibson

Mr. Anthony Metcalfe Gibson, Ravenstonedale, who died in May, 1885, in
his 68th year, had a high reputation in the Shorthorn world. He was for
many years a successful breeder, and was considered one of the best judges
of cattle in the country. He was also a prominent member of the Shorthorn
and Royal Agricultural Societies.
Messrs. Graham
The herds of Messrs. Graham, at Yardley, enjoyed a high reputation for the
success with which the Foggath orpe tribe xvas cultivated in it, both by the
use of Bates and of Knightley bulls. Two branches of this noted tribe were
included at Yardleythat which descends through the herd of Mr. Robinson,
of Clifton Pastures (to whom the late Colonel Towneley was indebted for
British Beauty, the dam of many winners), and another branch which passed
through the hands of Mr. Sanday, of Holme Pierre- pont, and furnished Mr.
Oliver with his fine cow Lady of the Lake. Beside the Foggathorpes there
were Fantails, and descendants of the noted family of Chrysalis by Earl
of Dublin, which also had Mr. Sandays favour. To these, the Wild Eyes
bulls Lord Bright Eyes 2nd 48,170, bred by Mr. Holford, a son of Duke of
Leicester, and Bulls Eye 47,527 by Cherry Grand Duke 9th, from Piercing
Eyes by Lord Feversham s Twentieth Duke of Oxford, were used.
Mr. Grundy
Mr. Grundy, The Dales, Stand, Man- chester, and of Wolstenholme Hall,
Rochdale, during several years prior to 1853, raised a herd of Shorthorns
which in that year was sold by Mr. Wetherell. Among the most notable
dams in his herd were Mr. Parkinsons Cressida, the dam of Cameo, sold to
Colonel Towneley at the Wolstenholme Hall sale for 200 gs., Mr. Eastxvoods
Gipsy, Mr. Bates Waterloo 9th and some valuable cows of the Barrington
and Secret tribes. He obtained Olive Leaf 3rd of the Barrington tribe from
Mr. Harvey, and from her bred the celebrated Lally by Earl of Derby. The
sires principally used were Mr. Wetherell s Brunel 9999, and the Kirklev-
ington Duchess sire Duke of Athol io,i o, bought at the Kirklevington sale,
in i8 o, by Mr. Parker, of Yanwath Hall. At the head of his sale cata-
logue in 1853 was Colonel Towneleys Gilliver 15,129 by Mr. John Booths
Lord George, from Blanche th of the Sock- burn tribe. After his sale Mr.
Grundy resumed his pleasant pursuit and formed a new herd, for which
good prices were obtained when it was dispersed by Mr. Wetherell in i86i.
It contained much of the Towneley element, at that time eagerly sought
after, and Mr. Holrr es Victodas, bred up from the Chilton stock, and Mr.
Cattleys Rosettes, were well represented. Some of the cows came from Mr.
Wetherells own herd. There was the Strawberry tribe of Mr. Holland, of
Eppleworth. Gipsy and her daughter, Gipsy Queen, represented a family
famous at Towneley and in the show-yard. Another choice tribe was that of
Mr. Parkinsons Cassandra, the dam of the three well-known bulls, Clementi,
Collard, and Cramer. There were also Waterloos, Barringtons and Silenc s
from Kirklevington.
Mr. Hales, North Frith

Mr. Edward Hales, who died in February, 1898, at the advanced age of
eighty-seven years, was a noted breeder, his herd at North Frith, Kent,
having been well known. In 1858 he purchased the bull Norman 13394,
and some heifers from Mr. Robinson, Clifton Pastures. The following year
Moss Rose and Blush were bought at Cobham Park, and Fourth Duke of
Thorndale 17,750, was purchased and imported from his breeder, Mr. S.
Thorne. New York, U.S.A., for 400 gs. Mr. Hales herd was dispersed in
1862, at an average of 66 7s. 8d. Fourth Duke of Thorn- dale was bought by
Mr. Higgs, for the Marquis of Exeter, for 410 gs. The cow Moss Rose was
sold for 245 gs. to Mr. Betts, Preston Hall. This was followed by another
herd which was sold, i885, at an average of 51 i8s. 91., the Princesses of
255
Barrington, purchased that day by Mr. Hope, for Bow Park, Canada, and
Mr. J. J. Hill, Minnesota, having been very fine specimens of the breed.
Mr. C. W. Harvey
In South Lancashire the most prominent early names were those of Mr. Luke
Ellison, of Standish, who founded a herd about the year 1824; Mr. Almond,
of Orrel Mount, Wigan, who had stock from Mr. W. Raine, of Gainford, over
seventy years ago; Mr. Leyland, near Liverpool, the purchaser of Mr. R.
Booths Adelaide for 68 gs., the highest price paid for a female at the Studley
sale in 1834; and Mr. C. W. Harvey, of Walton-on-the-Hill, near Liverpool.
Mr. Harvey was a most earnest and devoted disciple of Mr. Bates, and ref-
erence has already been made to him in connection with the rise of certain
tribes. A bachelor of generous, and occasionally profuse, hospitality, he de-
lighted in gathering around his table select companies of Shorthorn breeders,
aU the more to his liking if from counties far apart, so that he should have
in the discussions at his festival the advantage of opinions generated under
various local conditions; but no heresy was permitted; and heresy consisted
in the denial or acknowledged doubt of the immeasurable superiority of the
Shorthorns of Kirklevington birth or extraction over Shorthorns from any
other source. His enthusiasm as an admirer of Mr. Bates and of the Kirk-
levington tribes of Shorthorns was illustrated in the motto at the head of
his private catalogue Good wine needs no bush: Bates and no surrender!
Mr. Harvey, starting with cows of Kirklevington families, from the herds of
Mr. Bates and Messrs. Bell, used bulls from Kirklevington long before Mr.
Bates death. Afterwards, came Earl Ducies Fourth Duke of Oxford 12,387,
calved at Tortworth, but bred, according to American definition of the term,
by the executors of Mr. Bates, at Kirklevington, Earl of Walton i7,787, of
his own breeding, sold to Mr. Bowly, Colonel Gunters Duke of Wetherby
17,753, and his sire Seventh Duke of York 17,754, Mr. S. Thornes Third
Lord Oxford 22,200, imported from the United States, and several bulls of
his own breeding. Of the latter, one of his favourites was Fifth Lord Wild
Eyes 26,762, sold to Lord Fitzhardinge.
Messrs. Harward and Downing

Brief reference is made elsewhere to the successful sales of Bates cattle bred
by Messrs. J. Harward and I. Downing at Winterfold, Kidderminster, in i8 i
and 1872. At the sale in i871 the Earl of Bective bought Kirklevington i6th
and Kirkleving- ton 22nd for 355 gs. and 300 gs. respectively, the average
for fifty head being 54 I 5s. 9d. These prices were, however, far surpassed at
the sale in 1872, when the average for sixty-one head was 253 8s. 2d.; the
highest sum given up to that date for a Shorthorn in this country having
then been paid by Mr. Leney, who bought Eighth Duke of Geneva for i65o
gs. Mr. G. Moore gave 900 gs. for Fifth Maid of Oxford, Mr. H. J. Sheldon
620 gs. for Lally 13th, Mr. Angerstein 620 gs. for Third Duke of Claro, and
6oo gs. for Lally 8th, Lord Dunmore 510 gs. for Lady Worcester th, and
505 gs. for Lady Worcester 3rd, and the Duke of Devonshire 8oo gs. for
Lally i th. The Lallys averaged 406, the Lady Worcesters 343 us. 8d., Wild
Eyes 250 5s., Kirklevingtons 234 105., Surmises 222 12s., and Blanches 138
i6s. 2d.
Mr. William Hawkes

Mr. William Hawkes and his father kept, at Thenford, Banbury, a herd
of good Shorthorns, chiefly for the dairy, a quantity of butter being made,
and the calves, reared on skim-milk, grew into large-framed good cows; it
being a maxim at Thenford that a pure-bred animal costs no more to feed
than a common one; that it eats less, and makes a better use of its victuals.
The herd was descended from stock that was bought at Sarsden in 1864,
on the dispersion of the late Mr. Langstons herd; also from Sir Anthony
Roths- child, at Aston Clinton, and from Mr. Laxton, of Morborne. In
1875 two cows were purchased at the Aylesby sale from Mr. Win. Torr,
from whose herd several bulls had previously been used. Rosalba, a fine cow
of the Mantalini tribe, descended from the late Mr. Pawletts Rose of June,
which was purchased for the Hon. M. H. Cochrane, of Canada, was obtained
from Mr. B. Lucas, at Hasland. There were also descendants of Mr. Thos.
Willis Cestus; and other good cows, which came from Messrs. Game in
Gloucestershire, and the late Mr. William Faulkner, of Rothersthorpe, the
former being of the favourite old Pye tribe.
Mr. E. Heinemann
Mr. E. Heinemann settled in Sussex about 1875, occupying the Ratton
Park estate, where he formed and kept a small herd of Shorthomns, which
he sold in i88i. He afterwards removed to Lamorbey, in Kent, within a
short distance of London, where, on a poor, gravelly farm, he managed to
bring out some fine animals, several of which were sold at good prices to go
abroad. He was a keen supporter of the Booth strains. The herd was finally
dispersed in 1899, and an average of nearly 40 was obtained. The tribes
represented were the Anna Bright and Riby, the Homespun and Bliss from
Warlaby, the Alpine branch of the Mantalinis and Hecubas from Killerby.
Mr. Heinemann died in 1901 in his 69th year.
The Ven. Archdeacon Holbech

The Ven. Archdeacon Holbech owned a herd at Farnborough, near Banbury,
which was sold in October, 1877, when seventy-one head averaged 41 is. d.
The feature was the group of half a dozen of the Old Daisy tribe, these
257
averaging 194 55. Mr. J. A. Rolls (Lord Llangattock) gave 300 gs. for
Dahlia, her dam, Daffodil, going to Mr. E. H. Cheney for i85 gs. (this cow
was from Young Daisy by Zadig 8796). Danewort, also from Daffodil, sold
at 220 gs. to Mr. J. H. Blundell; Daylight out of Dahlia at i 5o gs. to Mr.
R. P. Davies; and Violet out of Daffodil to Mr. E. H. Cheney at io gs.
Mr. James How

Shorthorns were kept by Mr. James How, at Broughton, Hunts, for many
years. These were originally selected from celebrated herds of Booth blood,
and from 1864 until 1873 two hundred and eighteen prizes and twenty-seven
cups and medals were won by animals bred and exhibited by Mr. How at
the Royal, and principal County Shows, as well as at the Smithfield Club.
In 1876, the herd, excepting the cow Pauline ioth and her heifer Pauline
17th, was sold by auction, and resulted in an average of i 19 s. 8d., the
herd being distributed into fifteen English counties, Scotland, Ireland, and
the Isle of Man, while four xvent to Canada. The herd, when sold in i88 ,
consisted of five tribes, which were either of Killerby or Warlaby origin, or
full of Booth blood. The Paulines and Water Nymphs were both descended
from two cows, Hilda and Hecate, own sisters in blood, by Hopeful 10,332
from a cow by Hamlet 8126, who was a son of the prize cow Bracelet. The
Farewells, tracing through Crocus, were obtained from the late Mr. Ladds;
the Welcomes and Splendids were from cows having three crosses of the
late Mr. R. Booths best bullsPrince Alfred, Welcome Guest, and Vanguard;
or Vanguard, Baron Warlaby, and Leonard. The Splendids were bred by
Messrs. Dudding, in Lincolnshire, where they produced some prize winners.
It was always the custom to use heavy fleshed bulls of Booth blood.
The late Mr. Charles Howard

The late Mr. Charles Howard’s herd which was sold in 1895, had been bred
at Biddenham for nearly forty years. It consisted principally of animals
of the Bates and Knightley strains, there being representatives of some of
the well-known Gwynne, Oxford, Darlington, and Charmer tribes. The
cows were selected for their dairy properties. To improve the flesh- forming
qualities of the herd, Captain Lavender, a son of Captain of the Guard, was
purchased from Mr. J. Deane Willis.
Mr. A. T. Iles
Mr. A. T. Iles had an extensive herd of pure-bred dairy Shorthorns, all bred
upon the farm at Whelford, Fairford. It was established by the late Mr.
Richard A. Iles, who as far back as 1849 purchased the bulls Artisan 9909
from Mr. Bowly of Siddington and Marquis from Mr. Arkell of Dudgrove.
In I85r he purchased the heifer La Polka by Monzani from Mr. Bowly; she
became a great milker and good breeder. Mr. Bowly and Mr. Charles Hobbs
each purchased a heifer from her, and these heifers became the ancestresses
of the well-known favourite Musical and Chorus tribes. The larger portion
of the herd, which was dispersed in 1903, was of this family.
The Rev. J. D. Jefferson
The Rev. J. D. Jefferson’s herd at Thicket Priory, York, was one of long
standing, and was bred for the production of cattle possessing size and sub-
stance, and capable of giving a large supply of milk. The tribes represented
comprised the Waterloos, J.s, and the Emmas. Mr. J. J. Dunnington Jef-
ferson also kept a fine herd.
Mr. R. Jefferson
The herd of Mr. Robert Jefferson at Preston Hows, Cumberland, at one pe-
riod obtained great celebrity, and when it was sold in 1877 the satisfactory
average of f I I4 . 61. was obtained for the seventy-two head. The herd con-
tained specimens of almost all the leading tribes which made the reputation
of the breed in Ireland with many local specimens of the very best charac-
ter. Among the more noticeable families were Messrs. Angus Premiums,
the Hindleys, Cressidas, Rosettes, Certainties, Old Daisies, Mantalinis, and
Rosamonds. As a practical farmer, and a good judge of cattle and sheep,
he had few superiors in his county. After he gave up the farm at Preston
Hows, on St. Bees Head, he purchased the early home of his ancestors at
Coneygarth, and there he began again to establish a herd. He bought in
the district a few animals of his old blood, especially the Cressidas, and at
Mr. Cradocks sale in York- shire he obtained several fine animals of large
frame and good milking properties, from which he hoped, had his life been
spared, to breed a first-class herd. Some animals were also obtained from Mr.
William Parker, an old Cumbrian breeder, at Carleton Hill, and others. This
herd was sold after Mr. Jeffersons death in 1892. The private catalogues
issued occasionally by the late Mr. Jefferson acquainted the public with the
breeding and progress of his herd. The last, issued in 1890, contained the
following introductory remarks : In order to breed good Shorthorns it is
necessary to commence with good blood, sound constitutions, and frames
well covered with furry hair; and to insure fecundity and keep up health and
stamina, we must not depart from Natures Jaws. Forcing and confinement
are never-failing foundations for disease and barrenness. On the other hand,
fresh air, exercise, and generous diet are necessary for the construction and
preservation of the bovine frame.
259
Rev. R. B. Kennard
Prominent attention was drawn to the herd of the Rev. R. B. Kennard, at
Marnhull, Dorset, by the great success at the shows of the cow Queen Mary,
one of the finest cows of the breed ever seen, winner of the Haver- ing Park
Challenge Cup three years in succession, and for three years first at the shows
of the R.A.S.E., with many other distinctions. The herd was commenced
about 1863, the first selections having been made from Siddington. In 1865
the first of the Lady Marnhull and Queen families came from Mr. Margetson,
in Wiltshire. The Blossoms traced to Certaintys daughter, British Lass,
through the Hon. Noel Hills Belinda, by Mr. Booths Sir Roger 16,991.
Duke of Montrose 23,771 was purchased from Mr. Stiles Rich; and from
Mr. Sheldons herd at Brailes Lord Stanley II. 26,745, of the Surmise tribe,
vas acquired. Lord Braybrookes Grand Duke of Oxford 28,763 was the sire
of Queen Mary, and Lord Fitzclarence 24th 40,163 and other good bulls
xvere used. Queen Mary continued to breed until she was ten years old. To
commemorate her success in winning first prizes in three successive years
at the Royal Agricultural Societys shows at Bedford, in 1874, as a yearling;
at Taunton, in 1875, as a two-year-old ; and at Birmingham, in 1876, as a
cowsome Latin lines were written in 1876. These were freely rendered into
English as follows
To Mr. Bruce Kennard’s Famous Shorthorn Cow, Queen Mary.
In shape, hue, substance - all that charms the eye

No question now of thy supremacy.
Three seasons, which in nothing else agree,
Unite at least in all preferring thee.
Why need we dreaming artist to divine
Ideal models for our favourite kine?
THY form the modern breeders aim can tell,
And classic legend illustrate as well.
Did Io wish ’mid mortals to appear,
It is Queen Marys form that she would wear!
Would Juno masquerade before High Jove,
Queen Mary’s colour she would most approve!
And, when recurring summer time shall bring
The best of fifty herds to face the ring,
On recollection will the judge rely,
And take thy standard to correct them by;
And say, remembering thee: ”This rival should
Show hair more silken; that, a shapelier mould.“
May’st thou not win pre-eminence by halves -
Yield not thy breeder merely cups, but calves!
May he select a consort worthy thee!
Thou fill his pastures with thy progeny.

May thy son’s offspring vindicate thy fame,
And daughters’ daughters long transmit thy name!
Mr. G. F. King
When the Elm Farm, Chewtori Keynsham, was taken by MR. G. F. KING
in 1869, the best milking cows were selected. Local purchases were sub-
sequenty made, and the bulls Utility 35,841 and Meditation 40,342 were
bought from Mr. E. A. Fawcett. The former won several prizes, and when
sold fat weighed 22 cwts. 2 qrs. The latter, descended from the old Strick-
land herd in Gloucestershire, left some remarkably good milking cows. Oc-
casionally a few good cows were bought, and there were in the herd descen-
dants of Sir William Miles Dauntless, Mr. Langstons Louisa from Sarsden,
Mr. Abbots Anemone from Long Ashton, Mr. Bults Bride Cake, and Mr.
S. P. Savages Princess Helen, and others descended from the old stock. Sires
were latterly used from the Windsor, Collynie, and Bapton Manor herds.
Prizes were won at the Royal, the Bath and West, and the county shows,
The herd was sold in October, 1902.
Mr. Lakin
At Mr. Lakin’s sale of Powyke, Worcester, 1846, the auctioneer noted that
it had been a remarkable feature in Mr. Lakins system of farming that he
registered the yield of milk, showing the annual quantity given by each cow,
enabling him thereby to select his rearing calves from the best milkers. Old
Strawberry was the best milker Mr. Lakin ever possessed. She gave an
average of 1050 gallons of milk a year for 15 years. She was sold to the
butcher at twenty-seven years of age when she had ceased to breed.
Sir Curtis M. Lampson

Sir Curtis M. Lampson, had a choice Bates herd at Rowfant. It was begun
in i86i by the purchase of the cows Surmise and Blanche 6th, of Bates blood,
at Mr. Sartoris sale at Rushden Hall. Fourth Duke of Thorndale 17,750,
the famous bull imported from America, and Lord Chancellor 2016, bred by
Mr. Jonas Webb, of the Cambridge Rose tribe, were first used, and were
followed by a son of each bull. In i868 the herd was sold at a high average,
one cow, Fancy by Fourth Duke of Thorndale, from Surmise, making 300 gs.
Purchases were afterwards made of the highest bred animals of Bates blood.
When the sale took place in i885 there were eight of the Duchess blood, one of
them being Duchess of Rowfant, a daughter of Duchess of Gloster, purchased
at the Gaddesby sale in 1874 for 1785 gs. Duchess of Leicester came at a
long price from Mr. Holfords sale in Dorsetshire, and Grand Duchesses 32nd
and 39th represented Mr. Olivers Sholebroke herd. Viscountess Oxford 5th
261
was of the best branch of the Holker Oxfords, and Rowfant Oxford was by
Third Duke of Hillhurst from Duchess of Oxford i ith, a 2000 gs. purchase
at the Whitehall sale in 1875. The Thorndale Roses came from Audley End,
and the Red Roses were of the Rose of Sharon branch of the same family.
There were also Waterloos, Wild Eyes, Surmises, Brunettes, Places, Celias,
etc. The sires most used were of Duchess or Oxford blood, including Grand
Duke of Geneva 28,7 i, Second Duke of Corn- wall 43,088, Rowfant Duke of
Oxford 4th, and Grand Duke 37th 43,307. The sale in May, i885, averaged
134 lOS. for forty-three head. Mr. H. Leney gave 6io gs. for Grand Duchess
37th, the Earl of Bective 520 gs. for Rowfant Grand Duchess, Mr. J. J. Hill
550 gs. for Duchess of Leicester, Messrs. T. Nelson and Sons 500 gs. for
Duchess of Rowfant, and Mr. Hope, Canada, 320 gs. for Thorndale Rose
23rd. Sir Curtis Lampson died in i885, aged seventy-eight years.
Mr J. W. Larking
Mr. Larking, Ashdown, first appeared as a purchaser of Shorthorns at the
Preston Hall sale in 1867, and collected a superior herd of Bates blood
also some of the Cherry Duchesses, so closely allied to the same; several
descendants of Sir Charles Knightleys famous Rosy and Walnut, Mr. Bowlys
Gazelle, and other well- descended tribes. The herd, when sold in 1878,
comprised such animals as Cherry Queen, bought at Underley for 1220 gs.,
and her produce. The Kirklevingtons and Sidding- tons, descended from
the celebrated cow Northallerton (bred at Kirklevington) numbering ten
females, formed a noteworthy feature of the sale. The Wild Eyes were
well represented, and also the Fuchsia family, so successful in the hands of
Captain Blathwayt. Bates upon Knightley had admirable specimens in the
descendants of Rosy and Walnut The bulls included Third Duke of Hillhurst
30,975, bought at the Dunmore sale, in 1875, for 3000 gs. He made 1530 gs.
to Sir C. M. Lampson. The average for fifty-two head was 311 8s. 6d.
Mr. E. Lawford
At the sale of Mr. Edward Lawfords herd which took place after his death
in 1864, the Seraphinas, eleven in number, averaged 7 I I 5s. 7d., the largest
family average at the sale, as well as the highest price on that occasion,
when Mr. Barclay, of Keavil, gave 240 gs. for Seraphina 13th, afterwards
the dam of Heir of Englishman, the famous sire in Mr. Marrs herd at
Uppermill. She was a remarkably handsome cow, and had a place among
the Herd Book illustrations of her day. Her sire was John o Gaunt, a son
of Second Duke of Cambridge and grandson of Duke of Richmond and the
famous cow, Brawith Bud. In Lord Sudeleys herd, the prize bull Mandarin
and other good animals of the tribe were among the notable Shorthorns of
their time; and it was often remarked that in many herds and crossed in
various ways, the Seraphinas were always good animals. The tribal name is
over sixty years old, the first of the Seraphinas having been calved on May
7th, 1846, but the line traces six generations beyond her to the Rev. R.
Pointers Old Darlington.
Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart.

Brayton, Cumberland, was long the home of good Shorthorns that belonged
to the late Sir Wilfrid Lawson, who died in 1906, aged seventy-six years, The
old Benson blood, for which it always had a reputation. and the Strawberry
tribe, were obtained from the Rev. John Benson, of Cockermouth, the origi-
nal entries in the Herd Book going back to Vols. I. and II., where Violet, the
granddam of the original Benson tribe, is entered. Mr. J. Ewan Troutbecks
famous herd at Blencow, bred principally from the old Gwynne tribe, sup-
plied good stock, the bull Ewan Gwynne 14,521 being of this tribe. These
good strains, bred carefully for many years at Brayton, became diffused
throughout the county to the great improvement of the general stock. Bulls
were afterwards obtained from the Duke of Devonshires herd at Holker. In
1863 a considerable purchase, chiefly of the Waterloo tribe, was made at Mr.
G. Shepherds sale at Shethin, Aberdeenshire. In 1867, at the death of the
first baronet, the herd was nearly all dispersed, ninety-six head averaging
nearly 34. Additional purchases were afterwards made and the herd soon
revived. It was practically dispersed after Sir Wilfrids death in 1906.
Mr. F. Leney
Mr. F. Leney commenced to form his celebrated herd at Wateringbury in
1863, when he bought the stock belonging to Mr. Golding, and at once
took a prominent position. Mr. Golding had for many years been engaged
breeding Short- horns from blood introduced into Kent by Captain Davis
in 1829. In 1864 Mr. F. Leney bought cattle at the sales of Rev. Thomas
Harrison and other Yorkshire breeders. In 1865 he was a purchaser at Sir
Charles Knightleys sale, and in the same year he became the possessor of
all Mr. Tanquerays specimens of the Charmer tribe, consisting of nine or
ten animals sprung for the most part from two very fine calves sold at the
sale of Mr. Adkins, Milcote, i86o. In 1867 Mr. F. Leney added to his herd
by buying at Mr. E. L. Betts sale the famous cow Grand Duchess 9th, and
by privately acquiring Lord Oxford 2nd for 200 gs.; he was the purchaser of
several imported Shorthorns brought from the United States by Mr. J. 0.
Sheldon. During the succeeding years, when the firm became Messrs. Leney
and Sons, he was always a good buyer of Bates or Knightley blood; and in
1872 he secured the well-known Bates bulls Eighth Duke of Geneva 28,390,
for which Mr. Leney paid 1650 gs. to Mr. Harward at the Winterfold sale,
and Sixth Duke of Oneida 30,997, purchased from Messrs. Walcott and
263
Campbell, New York Mills, U.S.A., for 1200 gs. The former was a son of
Lord Bectives beautiful cow Tenth Duchess of Geneva. These bulls, which
proved excellent sires, were both descended from one of the most wonderful
cows that ever figured in Shorthorn history, Duchess 66th, if value were to be
taken as a test, as it was stated that something like fioo,ooo worth of stock
could, in 1875, be traced in direct descent from her since the Tortworth sale
in 1853, at which she was purchased. Eighth Duke of Geneva was then her
nearest living descendant. Other sires used were Grand Duke 15th 21,858,
Grand Duke of Kent 26,289, Sixth Duke of Gloster, 39,734 and Rowfant
Duke of Gloster 2nd 48,610. The herd included Grand Duchess 9th which
came from Mr. E. L. Bettss Preston Hall sale in 1865 at 210 gs., and Seventh
Duchess of Geneva, purchased at Mr. J. 0. Sheldons sale at Windsor in 1867
for 700 gs. There were also Oxfords, Waterloos, Wild Eyes, Kirklevingtons,
and Surmises, of Bates blood, while the Fawsley families were represented
by Charmers, Knightleys, Rosys, and Walnuts. Several most successful sales
were held at Wateringbury, which became widely famous as a home of the
breed. At the sale in 1874 the calf Fourth Grand Duchess of Geneva was
sold at 2000 gs., and in 1875, Eighth Duke of Geneva also made the same
price. Valuable herds were continued by Mr. Augustus Leney at Orpines,
by Mr. Herbert Leney at Barming, and by Mr. C. F. Leney at Hilden.
Mr. W. Linton
The foundation of Mr. W. Lintons herd at Sheriff Hutton was laid in 1837,
when two heifers, Sowerby and Gertrude, were purchased from Mr. Richard
Booth of Warlaby. The very old-established herds of Mr. Samuel Wiley and
Mr. Cattley of Brandsby, as well as Mr. Thompson of Sheriff Hutton Park,
were resorted to for bulls, and another heifer, Duchess, was purchased from
the Earl of Carlisle at Castle Howard. Marcus 2262 (the sire of Mantalini)
was hired from Mr. John Booth, and his son Prince Albert 4791 followed
him. Liberator 7140, bred by Sir C. R. Tempest, a son of the prize bull Dan
OConnell, left some remarkably good stock, as also did his son Ingram 9236,
out of Mr. Booths Gertrude. General Fairfax 11,519 was bought from Mr.
Cruickshank of Sittyton, and was by the prize bull Fairfax Royal. Bates
12,451, bred by Col. Duncombe and Col. Towneleys Third Duke of Athol
12,734, were also used. Mr. Cruickshanks Magnus Troil 14,880, a son of
The Baron 13,833 was in service several seasons. Earl of Windsor 17,788,
bred by Mr. Carr of Stackhouse, brought in again the Booth blood, and
he was followed by Mountain Chief 20,383 from Warlaby, which left some
fine cows in the herd. British I-lope 21,324, from Lady Pigots herd, was
also used a short season, and Mr. John B. Booths Sergeant-Major 29,957
and Paul Potter 38,854, with the prize bulls Lord Irwin 29,123 and Sir
Arthur Ingram 32,490 were used prior to 1879, when the herd was sold. The
herd was first shown in 1847, when Star 8698 won the second prize at the
Royal at Northampton; and in 1848 Hudson 9228 stood first at the Royal
at York. The second period of showing began in i868. Few animals were
more successful, either as prize-winners or stock-getters, than Lord Irwin
and Sir Arthur Ingram. The former was shown five seasons and won sixty-
nine prizes, being then sold to Mr. Bruce in Morayshire. He afterwards won
twenty- seven prizes, and was used in several herds in the North of Scotland.
Sir Arthur Ingram was the sire of a number of very fine animals, and had
travelled upwards of i8oo miles for the various shows.
Mr. A. H. Lloyd
Mr. A. H. Lloyd’s herd at Harewoods, Surrey, contained some of the very
choicest specimens of Bates blood. Suc- cessful sales were held and high av-
erages obtained when portions of the herd were sold in 1883 and 1889. It was
established in the year 1878, and when leading herds were dispersed several
of the best and highest bred animals were bought for Harewoods. When the
celebrated herd belonging to the late Mr. R. E. Oliver was sold at Shole-
broke, Grand Duchess 40th and Grand Duchess 48th were purchased. At
the late Lord Hindlips extensive sale Thorndale Rose i 3th and her heifer,
Worcester Rose 2nd, were obtained. These were two of the choicest of the
Red Rose family. Several of the Winsomes were descended from Lord Fitz-
hardinges beautiful cow Wisdom 3rd by Duke of Connaught. The Kirklev-
ingtons were very prolific; they traced from Kirklevington 7th, the ancestress
of the well-known Sidding- tons. The herd was dispersed in 1892.
Sir Robert Loder, Bart.

The herd that belonged to Sir Robert Loder, Whittlebury, Towcester, was
commenced prior to 1874 by purchases of specimens of the Knightley Rosys,
bred at Havering Park. Subsequently highly priced members of Bates fam-
ilies were selected, Darlingtons coming from Underley in 1874, when Dar-
lington 17th was bought for 500 gs., Darlington 19th 659 gs., Dentsdale 550
gs., Duchess Gwynne 4th was secured for 580 gs. In the same year, Fourth
Grand Duchess of Geneva by Eighth Duke of Geneva 28,390 was bought at
Messrs. Leneys sale for 2000 gs. At Mr. Cochranes sale at Millbeckstock,
Third Duchess of Hillhurst was purchased for 4100 gs., and at the Lathoin
House sale Sir R. Loder gave 2000 gs. for Duchess of Ormskirk. The sires
used included Mr. R. E. Olivers Grand Duke 22nd 34,062, Grand Duke
25th 34,065, from Mr. Garfit, Grand Duke of Oxford 3rd 39,953, Duke of
Cornwall 4th 477,621, and Duke of Whittlebury 47,788.
Mr. R. Lodge
Mr. R. Lodge’s herd at the Rookery, Bishopdale, consisted principally of
animals of the Wild Eyes, Waterloo, Princess, and Kirklevington strains.
265
Among the Wild Eyes were Wild Rose 2nd, a very fine specimen of the
family and Lady Worcester Wild Eyes 2nd. Some of the Wild Eyes were
of the favourite Lady Worcester branch from Dunmore, and several were
descended from Wild Eyes 22nd, the property of Mr. C. W. Harvey, from
whom this branch passed to Mr. Stevenson of Rainton, and finally to Mr.
Lodge. The Waterloos were bred from Mr. D. McJntoshs famous Web
lingtonia branch. The Princess tribe, and the Elviras, of the same family,
were also represented. There were a number of the Kirklevington tribe,
as well as animals of the Fantail family (which also came originally from
Kirklevington), obtained from Mr. J. Fawcett of Scaleby Castle. Mr. Adkins
Sweetheart tribe had specimens which were noted for their dairy properties.
The sires used had always been of Bates blood.
Mr. H. Lovatt
Mr. H. Lovatts herd at Low Hill, Bush- bury, comprised some of the choicest
and highest bred animals of the fashionable Kirklevington and Siddington
tribes, as well as of the Lady Bates and Lally branches of the Barring- tons.
Among them were those celebrated cows Kirklevington Duchess 6th out of
Duchess of Kent; Lady Thorndale Gloster Bates, a 5 5o-gs. purchase at
Scaleby, for which a large profit was afterwards refused; also Siddington
Grand Duchess, twice sold, once for 6oo gs. and again for 8oo gs. Winsome
Colleen by Lord Fitzhardinges Duke of Connaught, was bred by Mr. Wilson
and sold at the Shotley sale, 1878, for 715 gs. Among the bulls used may
be mentioned Grand Duke 37th 43,307, sold by Mr. Lovatt to the late Sir
Curtis Lam pson, Bart., Rowfant, for 1250 gs., where he was long used;
Oxfords King 34,997, exhibited at the R.A.S.E. Show, at Liverpool, 1877;
Duke of Leicester 43,1 12, bred by Mr. Holford, and used in the Underley
herd; Knight of Oxford 6th 46,574, bred at Hindlip Hall; and Seventh Duke
of Gloster 39,735, purchased by Mr. Drewry at the Gaddesby sale for i85o
gs. for the Holker herd, where he was long used, and afterwards bought by
Sir H. Allsopp, Bart.; also Grand Duke of Bar- rington 4th 47,975, a son of
Grand Duke 37th. The herd was sold in i886.
Colonel Sir W. T. Matkins

The herd at Rotherfield Court, Henley-on-Thames, was commenced in 1896,
when Mr. F. W. Bonds herd was dispersed at Wargrave; the beautiful prize
cow Welsh Gem (of the Bates Waterloo tribe), Wargrave Duchess (of the
Charmer tribe), and Roan Robin 73,427, being purchased. Two years later
half a dozen fine cows from Messrs. Taylor and Waltons dairy herd were
bought near Kirkby Stephen, in Westmorland, and at Mr. Alfred Ashworths
sale the fine cow Ness Cloudberry, and her heifer Clair Cloudberry, were
selected. In the autumn of 1899, at the sale of Mr. J. Bruces herd at
Inverquhomery, the second highest priced bull calf was purchased. He was
by Waverley from Augusta 61st, and named Rotherfield Augustus 77,692.
This bull b arr,e po onl r a suc essfuJ, winner, but an excellent sire. The
herd was dispersed in 1902. Rotherfield Augustus being purchased for 250
gs. by the Hon. W. F. D. Smith.
The Duke of Manchester

For the Duke of Manchester’s herd, at Kimbolton, early purchases were
made from Mr. Beauford and Mr. Ladds. Later the Duke of Manchester
introduced specimens of the most valuable Bates families. The bull Wild
Eyes Duke was bought at Winterford, and Bates sires of fine breeding were
continually used. These included Grand Duke of Waterloo 28,766, from
Lord Fitzhardinge, Grand Duke of Morecambe 36,722, bred at Underley,
and Duke of Underley 3rd 38,196 bought from the Earl of Bective for 3000
gs. The herd contain ed a choice representation of the Duchess, Oxford,
Waterloo, Lady Worcester, Lally, Blanche, and other tribes. At a sale in i88
i the average for forty-eight head was 1992 7S. 4d., Marchioness of Oxford
3rd going to the Earl of Feversham for 750 gs.
The Eighth Duke of Marlborough

The Eighth Duke of Marlborough, when a young man, occupied a small
farm in Surrey, and kept a few Shorthorns, chiefly of Bates blood, which
were dispersed at Berkeley Castle in 1876, at an average of over 19ioo each.
The herd at Blenheim, established after his accession to the ancestral estate,
was personally selected. A number of animals of Bates blood were bought
from Mr. Blezards herd in North Wales, and others of the Booth strain
from eminent breeders in Ireland, including the Warlaby-bred bull Royal
Crown, as well as some cows and heifers from the late Mr. J. B. Booth, at
Killerby. He considered that the old fashionable strains of Shorthorn blood
stood in need of renovation; that the latent qualities of their great excellence
were dormant, and that the most remedial system of breeding would be to
use a lower bred type of male than a higher bred one from either strain
for crossing. These views he expounded with much ability in a paper On
Pedigree and Cattle Breeding contributed to the Live Stock Journal in 1889.
Lord Chan- cellor, a second-prize bull in Aberdeenshire, was chosen, having
two crosses of Cruickshank blood on a Mason foundation. The success of
this judicious purchase was apparent not only in the animals themselves, but
in the prices realised, when, after the Dukes death, the herd was dispersed
in 1893. Seventeen lots by Lord Chancellor averaged 1966 8s. A pair of
two-year-old Fame heifers realised I 50 gs. and 200 gs. respectively, while a
young bull Fair Lord, went to Mr. Talbot-Crosbies herd at Ardfert for i 5
gs. The sale realised an average of 1944 i is. 8d., the highest price of that
267
year.
Rev. J. N. Micklethwait
A valuable herd of Booth cattle was established by Rev. J. N. Micklethwait,
at Taverham Hall, Norwich. It consisted largely of families from the Aylesby
herd, such as the Taverham, G. M. W. and Joy Bell families, together with
Farewells, Cathalenes, Diadems, and Roseberries. The sires used included
Mr. Pawletts Monarch 31,930 and Mr. Torrs Balmoral 36,151, of the Bright
tribe.
Mr. Philo L. Mills

The extensive herd kept at Rud- dington, Nottingham, was founded in 1873
by the late Mr. Philo L. Mills with several of the finest specimens of Bates
blood selected from the Holker, Underley, Whittlebury, and other celebrated
herds. To these were added some specimens of the Towneley Farewell tribe,
and others bred by Mr. A. S. Gibson, who gave up his herd at Bulwell to
join Mr. Mills in the management of the estate. A few years later the bulls
Master of the Ceremonies 56,162 and Duke of Hamilton 80)68 i, with five
females, were purchased from Mr. W. Duthie in Aberdeenshire. Purchases
vere afterwards made at the Collynie and Uppermill sales, as well as from
Mr. A. M. Gordon and Mr. J. Wilson of Pirriesmill; in fact few fine herds
were ever dispersed without choice specimens being selected at considerable
cost for Ruddington. The result of the judicious blending of the Scotch and
old Bates strains was a herd of remarkable excellence, consisting of cattle
possessed of much of the style and character of the Bates blood combined
with the flesh and hair of the Scotch. For many years cattle were successfully
exhibited at all the important shows, and the herd attracted much attention
from breeders in South America and elsewhere, to whom large numbers
were from to time exported. Among the sires used vere Waterloo Victor
56,728; Marengo 69,068, first and champion at the R.A.S.E., Birmingham,
1898, used for eight seasons; Best of Archers 69,981, used three seasons; Mr.
Duthies Merry Morning 81,702, sold for 450 gs. at the Uppermill sale, 1901;
Mr. A. M. Gordons Magic Stone 77,163; Solferino 73,688, used five seasons,
and his son King of Denmark 76,958, Violet Victor 8o,i8o; Mr. Duthies
King Edward 86,323 and King Christian of Denmark 86,316, the winner
of many first and champion prizes. In consequence of Mr. Millss death,
which took place in 1905, the herd was dispersed in May, 1906, when one
hundred and fifteen head averaged Lii i8s. 3d., the best of the year. Nine
representatives of the Towneley Farewell tribe averaged f522 15s. 8d. The
bull Prince Christian of Denmark was sold at 1100 gs. to Mr. F. Miller; the
cow Countess Farewell th and her heifer calf at iooo gs. to Mr. Casares,
and the bull King Christian of Denmark at 900 gs. to Mr. A. W. Hickling.
Mr. George Moore

Mr. George Moore established a herd of high-class Shorthorns of Bates blood
at Whitehall, Cumberland, selections being made from Mr. Harward, of
Winterfold; the Duke of Devonshire, Holker; Messrs. Leney, Mr. Bowly,
and other breeders. Some of the animals cost large sums, iooo gs., 900 gs.,
etc. being paid. At the sale of the herd in September, 1875, Grand Duchess
of Oxford 11th realised 2000 gs. from Sir C. M. Lampson; Grand Duchess
of Oxford, 1000 gs. from the Duke of Devonshire; Siddington 9th, 850 gs.
from the Rev. P. Graham; Lady Worcester ioth, 760 gs. from the Earl
of Bective; Graceful Duchess, 500 gs. from Sir Wilfrid Lawson; and Lady
Gwynne, 515 gs. from Lord Bective. The average for twenty-seven cows and
heifers was C380 9s. 9d., and seven bulls I 9s. Colonel Kingscotes Duke of
Hillhurst 28,401 was used in the herd. Mr. Parkin-Moore, who succeeded
to the estate, has a fine herd at Whitehall.
Mr. D. Nesham
The herd of Mr. D. Nesham, Gainford, was bred from the stocks of Mr. T.
Barnes, of Westland, Mr. J.Mason Hopper, of Newham Grange, and Mr. W.
Wood- ward, of Northway; purchases were also made at the sales of Major
Stapylton, Mr. Cradock, of Hartforth, Messrs. Proctor, Mr. Harland, Mr.
Bulmer, and Mr. W. White, of Burrill. The herd contained specimens of the
Elizabeth tribe, full of the old Raine blood, as well as lineal descendants of
Old Sally bred by Mr. Raine. Others traced directly to Cherry by Pirate, the
ancestress of the Cherry Duchesses. Several animals, including Sweetheart,
from the Westland sale, were of the Medora branch of the Isabella tribe.
Among the others are descendants of Mr. Jollys Polly, bred at Warlaby for
generations, also of the Queen of Trumps, Certainty, Shamrock, and other
well-known tribes. For several years bulls of Booth blood used. Prince of
Oude 29,656, by Lord Blithe, from Queen of Oude 2nd of the Isabella tribe,
was followed by Boaz 30,552, a son of Englands Glory from Ruth 22nd, a
lineal descendant of Mr. John Collings Rachel. Mr. J. B. Booths Moonstone
37,107, of the Hecuba tribe was also used. Mr. Nesham was connected with
the breed all his life; his father bought the first cow at Mr. Charles Collings
sale at Ketton, i8io, and his aim was to breed animals with good frame
on short legs, combining milk and constitution with sound old Shorthorn
blood.
Mr. R. E. Oliver
The Sholebroke herd, belonging to Mr. R. E. Oliver, was established in
i86o by purchases from Mr. Adkins, of Milcote, Mr. Crawley, of Stockwood
Park, and Mr. Dudding, of Panton. Two years later, Cherry Duchess 9th
and Grand Duke 7th 19,877 were obtained, and the blood of these two fine
269
animals continued in the herd, as well as the descendants of Mr. Adkins

Sweethearts. In 1867 an important purchase was made at the Preston Hall
sale of Grand Duchess 17th for 850 gs. and Grand Duchess i8th for 710
gs. ; the latter only produced a bull calf, but Grand Duchess 17th became
one of the most celebrated cows of her day; a remarkably fine specimen
herself she produced thirteen calves, and died in her eighteenth year. There
were a large number of her descendants when the herd was dispersed in
1884, notwithstanding the sale of the bulls to eminent breeders at home
and some females to America. The system adopted in breeding the Grand
Duchesses, after the use of Grand Duke 7th, was to send them to the best
sires throughout the kingdom. The Duke of Devonshires Baron Oxford 4th
25,580, Sir R. Gunters Third Duke of Clarence 23,727 and Second Duke
of Tregunter 26,022, Colonel Kings- cotes Duke of Hillhurst 28,401, Lord
Bectives Duke of Underley 33,745, Lord Lathoms Third Duke of Ormskirk
46,260, and Lord Fitzhardinges Duke of Connaught 33,604 (sire of several
Royal winners), and Third Duke of Under- ley 38,196 at Kimbolton were all
sires of the herd. The Duke of Manchesters Oxford de Vere 5th 48,397, a son
of the last-named bull from an Oxford cow by Duke of Con- naught was in
service. The result of this systematic breeding was the production of some
remarkably fine bulls. Grand Duke 30th 38,373 and his son Grand Duke 41st
36,439 were much in demand ; very large sums were refused for them, and,
in consequence, many highly bred cows from Holker, Hindlip, Audley End,
and other celebrated herds had been sent to Sholebroke. The Waterloo tribe,
considered by old breeders as one of the best Kirk- levington families, had
some beautiful representatives, descended from two own sisters, Waterloo
33rd and 35th, both bred by Lord Penrhyn. There were also animals of the
Cherry Duchess family, so long known at Sholebroke as the purest and best
of their line, and several of the Barrington tribe, descended from the stocks
of Mr. A. J. Robarts and Mr. H. J. Sheldon. At Sholebroke, in 1877, three
bulls and two females of the Grand Duchess tribe were sold for 8255 gs. Mr.
R. E. Oliver died in 1885, aged sixty-nine years.
Mr. John Outhwaite

For several years prior to 1876 public attention was prominently drawn to
Mr. John Outhwaite’s Bainesse herd by the excellence of the animals that
were exhibited therefrom, nd the eNtraordinary success that attended them
at the various Royal Agricultural and county show-yards in the United King-
dom. About half the herd which was sold in March, 1876, was descended
from two cows, Bertha, by Welcome Guest 15,497, and Myrtle, by Fitz-
Clarence 14,552, both from Vanguard 10,994 cows that had been bred for
many years by Misses Eden at the Manor House, Morton-on-Swale, who had
the privilege of sending their cows to Warlaby, but no record was kept of their
breeding. Bertha was the granddam of those well-known prize bulls Lord
Godolphin and Duke of Chamburgh, and Myrtle was the granddam of some
heifers of rare excellence. The Rachel tribe, obtained from Colonel Healey,
contained good old blood, and produced many fine animals, Vivandiere be-
ing a daughter of Mr. Booths Brigade Major and Major Heaetys Rosamond
by Apollo, one of Mr. Bates Duke of Richmond. She was first shown in 1870,
was twice first at the Royal, and won altogether io6o in prizes. She produced
two bulls, and unfortunately died in calving in 1875. Baron Killerby 27,949,
from the same dam, by Mr. Booths Knight of Windsor 16,349, was the sire
of several animals. But the bulk of the herd was by that distinguished
sire Royal Windsor 29,890, bred by Mr. Willis, by Windsor Fitz-Windsor
(sire of the champion prize Smithfield heifer, 87 ), from Royal Lily by Mr.
Booths Fitz-Clarence, son of Nectarine Blossom, first prize cow at the Royal
at Chester in 1858. The heifers and calves by him were a wonderful lot, as
the brilliant success of many of them in the show-yard proved. The cows
and heifers were, with two exceptions, in calf to his sons Prince of Bainesse
(from Vivan- diere) and Lord Godolphin. The stock were first exhibited in
i87o, when 59 only was won; every year since that time prizes were gained
wherever the herd has been shown, more particularly at the great national
meetings of England and Scotland, as well as at the leading county shows,
amounting in all to 122 first prizes, 19 seconds, and 7 thirds, not including
challenge cups and medals, equal to the sum of 2313 ios. Mr. Outhwaite
died in April, 1885 aged eighty- one years.
Mr. J. Peel, Knowlmere Manor

The pedigrees of the animals in Mr. Jonathan Peels herd, at Knowlmere
Manor, traced back to two cowsBridget by Baron Warlaby, bred by Mr.
Richard Booth, and Mistress Mary, also by the same bull, bred by Mr. John
Booth. The former was privately purchased at Warlaby by Mr. Bolden,
and while in his possession produced the celebrated cow Bridecake by
Crown Prince. Grand Duke 10,284, bred by Mr. Bates at Kirk- levington
(and afterwards sold to an American for iooo was then used, and he was
succeeded by bulls combining Bates and Booth blood, viz. Prince Imperial
15,095 by Second Grand Duke from Bridecake; Second Duke of Bolton 12,739
by Grand Duke from Florence, by Second Duke of York, bred by Mr. Bates,
granddam Fame bred by Mr. Booth; and Third Grand Duke 66,182 by
Second Duke of Bolton from Grand Duchess 2nd. The tribe was then sold
to Mr. Peel who hired, among other Warlaby bulls, Monk 11,824, Sir James
16,980, Sir Samuel 15,302, Elfin King 17,796, and King Charles 24,240, from
Mr. Booth. These bulls were used in the herd. Princess Maude, descended
from Bliss, the dam of Bridget, was a subsequent purchase from Mr. J.
Grove, of Castle Grove, Ireland, and her son, Knight of Knowlmere 22,055
in service. The Mistress Mary tribe was purchased at Killerby by Mr. Carr,
of Stackhouse, and eventually went with her daughter Marian by Prince
271
Alfred, to Knowlmere, vhere they were crossed with bulls bred from the
Bridget tribe. Mr. Peel died in i88 , aged seventy-nine years.
Lord Penrhyn
The Penrhyn herd was founded about i85o with good stock taken from
Northamptonshire to North Wales. Important additions were made to it ten
years later by the purchase of the famous sire Marmaduke 14,897 for 350 gs.,
and of Second Belle of Oxford and Duke of Geneva 19,614, both of which
were imported from America. In 1862, the Cherry tribe and Duchess Nan-
cys were introduced, and valuable animals were purchased at the Holker,
Underley, Gaddesby, Wateringbury, and other celebrated sales. Duke of
Geneva 19,614, who left excellent stock, was followed by Grand Duke iith
21,849 and Grand Duke 20th 31,281 from the late Mr. Olivers famous herd
at Sholebroke. Duke of Oxford 42nd 39,772 was purchased at Holker. Grand
Duke of Oxford 31,293 was the produce of Grand Duchess of Oxford 7th,
bought in calf to Baron Oxford 4th at the Holker sale for 915 gs. Archduke
of Oxford 42,670, from the same dam, but by Seventh Duke of Gloster, a
noted sire used at Holker, Hindlip, and Harewoods, was long in service, as
well as other good bulls bred at home. The distinguishing feature of the
Penrhyn herd was the high character and success of the periodical sales. As
the herd increased, drafts were sent down to Wicken Park, and these sales
mark a great period in the history of the breed. In 1873, the average was
280; in 1875, 257; and in 1878, 119. The herd at Penrhyn was dispersed in
May, 1887. A small herd is still kept at Wicken Park, principally for dairy
purposes, to which bulls chiefly of Bates blood have been used. It consists
mostly of Knightley blood and the old J. tribe.
Sir G. R. Philips
The Weston Park herd was established about 1835 by the purchase of an-
imals of several good tribes. From time to time favourite sorts were added.
Sales were held in 1869 and 1870. The herd, as owned by Sir G. R.Philips,
comprised specimens of the famous old J. sort of Princess blood, Mr. Bel-
lamys Dido tribe, the Panton family of Cowslip, the Southcott branch of the
Craggs tribe, Mr. Dentons Bianca, one of the earliest purchases, Mr. Wood-
wards Tulips, Mr. Lakins Stella, and the Queen tribe, founded at Clifton
Pastures by Mr. Robinson. The Knightley blood was also represented by
members of the families of Walnut, Rosy, Primrose, and Ruby. Sires mainly
of Cherry Duchess and Knightley strains were latterly used.
Mr. J. W. Philips
The herd of Mr. J. W. Philips, Heybridge, Cheadle, Staffordshire, comprised
specimens of the Winsome, Fuchsia, and Charmer tribes. The sires used
included Lord Tregunter 31,758 by Second Duke of Tregunter, from Fidget

4th, and the imported bull Airdrie Geneva from Red Rose of the Forth, one
of the finest cows in the Dunmore herd. When the herd was sold, in May,
i875, high prices were realised, especially for the Fuchsias. Fuchsia 9th went
to Mr. J. W. Larking, for 960 gs., Lady Fuchsia 2nd, and Lady Fuchsia 3rd
to Mr. D. McIntosh for 205 gs. and 430 gs. Sir R. Loder bought Winsome
6th for 6io gs., and Winsome Wild Eyes 3rd for 405 gs. ; Mr. H. Brassey,
Graceful, for 300 gs.; Sir R. Musgrave, Winsome Wild Eyes 2nd for 300 gs.,
and Mr. J. Wilson, Guiniveve, for 340 gs. The cows and heifers averaged
170 i6s. 5d., and the bulls and bull-calves 85 7S.
The late Mr. R. Pinder

The late Mr. R. Pinder, Whitwell, Oakham, was the owner of a highly bred
herd of Booth cattle, which was commenced in 1873 by purchases from
Lady Pigots herd at Witham-on-the-Hill, bulls from Warlaby being used.
Mr. Thomas Rawsthorne

Mr. Thomas Rawsthorne, Heysham Hall, about six miles from Lancaster,
and on the shore of Morecambe Bay, had a little herd of big, noble- looking
Shorthorns, selected for him by Mr. Wetherell, more than half-a-century
ago. They were offered for sale by auction by Mr. Wetherell on April 17th,
1849, but several were bought in and afterwards sold privately. The strains
of Mr. Cartwright, of Tathwell, Lincolnshire, and Mr. Mason Hopper,
in the Tees Valley, were those principally represented, and the cattle were
mostly of a type now somewhat old-fashioned, gay and strong-looking,
heavy-fleshed, with large, deep fore quarters and widely expanded ribs, but
inclining to eNtravagance in the development over the hips, Which were big
and thickly cushioned, and the hind quarters. The cows of the Tathwell
strain were a little heavier than that of Newham Grange. One, Young Peg,
bore a resemblance to the portrait of the famous Chilton cow, Gaudy, and
her half sister, Nonpariel 4th, had similar characteristics with more length
of frame. The heifers from those cows, by Symmetry, a son of Mr. Mason
Hoppers Belleville, were much more neatly moulded and evenly fleshed, in-
deed much like the average cows of a good herd of the present day. Some
of Mr. Rawsthornes Shorthorns went into the Ulverston or Furness district,
and the herds of Mr. John Pritt, Mr. C. L. Whalley, and the late Mr. R.
F. Housman had their sources principally in the families dispersed from the
Heysham Hall herd, to which other families were from time to time added.
One of the most powerfully influential sires whose name is associated with
Heysham Hall was Bedlamite 6774, whose impress was distinctly traceable
in the third and fourth generations of his descendants, and often in a remark-
able way, cows possessing all the style and qualities of high-class Shorthorns
273
cropping out in common dairy herds, where Bedlamites blood, diluted by

crossing with ordinary stock, had been introduced. The bull was a son of
Mr. Rowland- sons Newton 4506, whose sire, Mr. John Maynards Harsley
2091, had in his veins the strains of Mr. Smith, of Dishley, Col. Trotter,
and Mr. Robert Colling, including that of the Red Rose tribe of Barmpton
through Pilot 496, while Bedlamites dam had through her sire the strains
of Mr. Mann, Mr. Shaftoe, Mr. Lax, and Mr. Wright.
Mr. Jonathan Rigg

Mr. Jonathan Rigg, Wrotham Hall, Kent, purchased many Shorthorns of
fashionable blood. For a number of years Twenty-sixth Duke of Oxford
33,708, bought for 700 gs. in 1876, was at the head of the herd, and Sid-
dington Kirk- levington was also used. The Winsomes and Waterloos were
obtained from Conishead Grange, in 1875. There were also Craggs, Fantails,
and other good tribes.
Mr. Sainsbury
At Mr. Sainsburys sale, at Corsham Priory, Wilts, in i856, the merits of the
thick, good, well- haired Darlington tribe were first publicly recognised. Mr.
Thorne, U.S.A., gave 300 gs. for the sixth of the name, and Mr. Harvey
Combe 165 gs. for the eighth. Mr. Bowly paid 120 gs. for the six-year-old
Duke of Oxford 4th, and the sale realised X 26I7 for forty-five head.
Mr. J. D. A. Samuda
The herd belonging to Mr. J. D. A. Samuda, at Chillies, Buxted, was
bred from the celebrated stocks belonging to the Earl of Dunmore, Lord
Fitzhardinge, Lord Penrhyn, Lord Chesham, Mr. Angerstein, of Weeting
Hall; Mr. C. A. Barnes, of Chorleywood; Mr. Bowly, of Siddington; Mr.
Foster, of Kilihow, and Mr. Slye, late of Beaumont Grange. Among the
animals were some of extremely fashionable blood) viz. Cherry Duchess
20th, and Waterloo 37th, and their bull calves by Third Duke of Hillhurst
30,975; also their heifers Cherry Duchess of Oneida, and Waterloo of Oneida,
by Messrs. Leneys Sixth Duke of Oneida 30,997 (a son of Lord Bectives
celebrated cow Tenth Duchess of Geneva) and bull calves from each of them
by Mr. Fosters noted young bull Duke of Ormskirk 36,526, purchased for
2000 gs. Lady Thorndale Bates was one of the purest specimens of the Lady
Bates branch of the Barrington tribe from Lord Lathorns herd. Many of
the animals were of Mr. Bowlys Gazelle and Musical tribes, both having
been bred at Siddington and allied with some of the first Bates sires in the
kingdom for a long period. Ten were of the favourite old Celia family, Mr.
Samuda died in i88 , aged 73 years.
Mr. William Sanday

Mr. William Sanday, Holme Pierrepont, bred some fine Shorthorns. He
purchased Fanchette, a daughter of Mr. R. Booths Fame, from Mr. Saun-
ders, Nunwick Hall, at the Carlisle meeting of R.A.S.E. in 1855. The bulls
used for some time prior to his sale in i86i, with the exception of Second
Duke of Bolton and Vatican (the latter winner of the Royal Agricultural So-
cietys first prize at Lincoln), were all from the Warlaby herd, and included
Harbinger, The Corsair, Highthorn, and General Havelock, and the young
stock were principally by Sir James. In addition to the Fames, the herd
contained specimens of the Garland tribe descended from a cow bought at
Sir C. Knightleys sale; Lavender, from Sir C. Tempest; Lady Augusta, from
the herd of Messrs. Watson, and others from the Panton herd. At the sale
in iS6i the average for 6 head was 5. 8s. 6d., and six specimens of the
Fame tribe averaged 133 17s. 6d., purchases being made by Mr. Barclay,
of Keevil; Mr. Pawlett, of Beeston; Mr. Waldo, of Edenbridge; Mr. G.
Graham, and others. Mr. Barclay gave 225 gs. for Faith; Mr. Pawlett, i68
gs. for Fairy, and 105 gs. for Faithful; Mr. Waldo, i8o gs. for Fathom; and
Mr. Graham, 8o gs. for Lady of the Lake.
Mr. F. Sartoris
Mr. F. Sartoris, Rushden, commenced to breed Short horns in 1844, and
successful sales were held in i86i and in 1878. The Knightley blood predom-
inated. There were also Waterloos, Blanches, Barringtons, and Kirkleving-
tons. One of the earliest bulls he used was Albert 7766, calved 1844, bred
by Mr. Beauford, and a son of Mr. Bates, Third Duke of Northumber-
land. Other sires used included Twelfth Duke of Oxford 19,633,bought from
Holker; Duke of Kingscote 25,981, bought from Sir Nigel Kingscote, and
Lord York Fawsley 34,709. Baron Oxford 7th was hired from Holker. At
the sale of the second herd, 1878, the average was ;C91 4S. 8d. Mr. Sartoris
died in December, 1887.
Mr. D. R. Scratton
When the Ogwell estate was purchased by the late Mr. D. R. Scratton,
in 1870, the foundation of a herd of Shorthorns was laid by the purchase of
several first-class animals of Bates blood. Some of these were of the Duchess
blood, which was more or less continued in the herd, with the addition
of a little fresh strain through the sires. among which may be mentioned
Sir Robert Loders Duke of Whittlebury 8th 57,233, Mr. Holfords Duke of
Leicester 15th 60,692, Baron Red Rose 68,210, and Red Rose Duke 71,340.
by the Duke of Northumberlands Beau Brummel 65,136 (sold at the Alnwick
Sale, 1894, for 265gs.), from Horsted Rose 6th, also of the Red Rose tribe.
The herd was sold in I9 I.
275
Mr. J. J. Sharp
Mr. J. J. Sharp, Broughton, Kettering, commenced a herd in i868, and was a
very successful exhibitor. In the first fourteen years the prizes won amounted
in value to over 4000. Many were taken in the Dairy classes of the Royal,
the London Dairy Show, and the County Societies. The young stock were
sent annually to Birmingham, and in i88o first and champion prizes xvere
won with the bull Chancellor 44.514, as well as the reserve for the champion
with Oxford Rose 45,305, which was sold for i85 gs. this bull afterwards
became the first prize yearling at the Royal at Carlisle, i88o. Julia 1st, one
of the earliest cows purchased, came from the late Mr. Rowland Woods
herd, and was descended from the fine stock kept for so many years by Mr.
Jobson at Chillingham Newtown, Northumberland. The family prize at the
R.A.S.E. at Preston, 1885,was gained with Julia 14th (dam of the champion
bull Chancellor) and her offspring. The herd was sold in 1898.
Mr. H. J. Sheldon
The Brailes herd of the late Mr. H. J. Sheldon was one of the oldest in the
Midland counties. It was established about i8 6, and latterly consisted of
the Bates and Knightley strains; the former was represented by the well-
known Barrington, Waterloo, and Africa (or Acomb) tribes, the latter by
the Charmer, Fawsley (or Rosy), and Bank Note (or Lceta) families. The
celebrated Duchess blood was brought in through the male line by the use of
Duke of Rothesay 36,534 (closely allied to Lord Fitzhardinges Duke of Con-
naught), who was purchased in 1876 for 2000 gs., and his sonsparticularly
Duke of Barrington ioth 43,067 (in service ten seasons, and a most impres-
sive sire)and grandsons, blended with the Knightley strains, were also used
in the herd. Mr. Leneys Rowfant Grand Duke 52,014, himself a son of Duke
of Connaught, brought in Capt. Olivers well- known Grand Duchess blood,
and his sons, the Earls of Fawsley 23rd 63,943 and the 24th 63,944, were
both extensively used. When the herd was originally started, the prin-
cipal object in view was to supply good young bulls from large-framed, deep
milking cows, for a large dairy district. The success of this was apparent,
particularly at the Bir- mingham spring sales, where the Brailes bulls fre-
quently carried off the principal prizes and also made the highest prices.
Mr. J. R. Singleton
All his life Mr. J. R. Singleton, Great Givendale, York, was associated with
breeders of Short- horns and Leicester sheep. Mr. S. Wiley was his great
friend and instructor in the forties, and his sorts were used in the herd freely,
GeQrge 12,941 having had a great name. His great hit was the purchase
of Waterloo 4th, at Mr. Bates sale at Kirklevington, 1850. She laid the
foundation of the Lady Waterloos, all of which were bought by Mr. Cheney,
Gaddesby, at 100 gs. each. Lady Waterloo 12th was a very fine specimen,
and became the ancestress of Sir John Swinburnes Empresses of Waterloo.
The Mary Ruths were another favourite family. This cow won the Yorkshire
family prize at Hull in i88i, and Mr. Singleton had previously sold upwards
of 2000 of stock from them. He adhered to Bates blood, and liked a little
dip into the old Holker and Duncombe Park herds.
Mr. W. W. Slye
In September, 1876, the remainder of Mr. Slye’s choice Bates herd at Beau-
mont Grange, near Lancaster, was sold, when twenty-two head averaged i
19 15s. 9d. Mr. Slye had been a successful breeder and exhibitor of animals
of Bates blood for a quarter of a century, and had sold animals to Lord Bec-
tive, Lord Dunmore, and other prominent breeders, while among the cattle
disposed of for export was Grand Duke of Thorndale 2nd 31298, purchased
for the Bow Park Company, Canada, for 1500 gs. A female of the Siddington
tribe was sold privately for 750 gs. At the sale in 1876 Siddington Duchess
went to Lord Elles- mere at 8oo gs., Siddington 7th to Mr. Fawcett for 430
gs., Siddington Grand Duchess to Lord Ellesmere for 400 gs., and Princess
of Lightburne at 360 gs. to Mr. W. Ashburner. Mr. J.H. Casswell secured
Tregunter Gwynne for 290 gs., Mr. Samuda Lady Thorndale Bates for 255
gs., iVir. S. Fox Duchess Gwynne for 250 gs. Successful sales had also been
held in 1870, 1871, and 1874.
Mr. James Banks Stanhope

Mr. James Banks Stanhope, who was born in 1821, and died at Revesby
Abbey, Lincolnshire, in 1904, took a keen interest in Shorthorns for several
years, and established a herd which was dispersed in 1862. Several of the
animals had been bred up from dairy stock by the use of Mr. S. E. Boldens
Duke of Bolton, and Sir R. Gunters Seventh Duke of York, afterwards used
by Mr. Bowly, Mr. Rich, and Mr. Cheney. The herd contained many of Mr.
Beasleys old J. family as well as several Knightley Walnuts, and Barringtons,
and others of Mason blood. At the sale the 48 pure bred animals averaged 41
9S., and Bracelet realised 150 gs., to Mr. G. F. Heneage. Baron Nathusius
bought seven for Prussia, and Baron Magnus five for Saxony.
The Rev. John Storer

The Rev. John Storer commenced breeding Shorthorns at Hawksworth,
near Newark, Notts., about 1847. From the first he devoted his attention to
the study of the breed and of the principles upon which the early breeders
and most successful subsequent improvers had acted ; and after his change
of residence to Hellidon collected a few Shorthorns principally of Booth and
277
of Knightley blood, together with representatives of the Blanche family, de-

scended from the Sockburns of Mr. Hutchinson, and bred the herd of which
the Booth portion was sold in i868. The entire remainder, excepting the
Knightleys and four Blanches, was sold May, 1874. A subsequent herd con-
sisted chiefly of specimens of Knightley tribes, with a few Blanches. Two
valuable sires, Young Knightley 31,529 and Second Prince of Fawsley 35,144,
were sold to the Swedish Government in 1877, after which time Royal Maine-
luke 37,399, of.the Primrose tribe, was in service. The cow Wine was pur-
chased by Mr. Storer at the sale of Mr. C. H. Abbot, Long Ashton, Bristol,
in November, 1869. She herself was bred by Earl Spencer, and her female an-
cestry for seven generations were all bred by Sir Charles Knightley. Clarice
was purchased at the Fawsley sale, held on March 2 8th, i86 , a few months
after Sir C. Knightleys death. She and another (Maidenhair) were in the
opinion of all the two best heifers. Her dam, Sylphide, was a very nice,
true-made cow. This family goes back to the herd of Mr. Charge, New-
ton, Darlington, one of the oldest breeders, and one of the four purchasers
of Comet for 1000 gs. The Blanches or Sockburns all sprang from Sybil,
purchased by Mr. Storer at Mr. Townshends sale in 86o; her dam, Sylvia,
bought by Mr. Townshend from her breeder, the Rev. T. Cator ot Skel-.
brook Park in 1857, was from the same dam as Czarina, the highest-priced
female in the sale.
Mr. R. Thompson
Mr. R. Thompson’s herd at Inglewood, Penrith, was founded in 1870, and
consisted principally of five families: the Millicents of the late Mr. Whitakers
blood ; Inglewood Pet and her descendants of old Cumberland blood; the
Pearls, another very old Cumberland family; the Towneley Butterflies or
Barmpton Roses; the Statelys or Shapelys, descended from the stock of the
late Mr. Symes, of Red Kirk, Annan ; and the Daisies, dating back to Old
Daisy by Favourite 252. In the choice of sires the invariable rule was never
to use a bull that was not from a good milking strain. The herd was very
successfully exhibited. In 1884, at the Royal Societys Show at Shrewsbury,
the first prize of 50, given by the Shorthorn Society, was awarded to Beau
Benedict for the best bull and his produce. In the same year, at the Highland
Centenary Show at Edinburgh, amidst great competition, the Societys prize
was taken for the best group of Shorthorns, consisting of bull, cow, two-year-
old heifer, and yearling. In 1885 first, second, and third prizes were taken
at the Royal Show at Preston and at the great Yorkshire Show. Inglewood
Pet and three of her produce by Beau Benedict won the family prize for the
best cow and produce, Molly Millicent by Beau Benedict also taking first
prize in a strong yearling class. Molly Millicent became one of the most
famous animals of the time. She won four firsts at the Royal, and also
the championship at Plymouth in 1890. Belle Madaline won the champion
prize and the Queens gold medal at the Windsor Royal in 1889. In four
years upwards of one hundred first prizes were gained. In 1890 fifty head
were sold at an average of over 6o gs., and were dispersed into most parts
of the United Kingdom. The use o those excellent sires, Grand Duke of
Fawsley 3rd 31,286 an d Brilliant Butter- fly 36,270, produced satisfactory
results. They were followed by Beau Benedict 42,769, bought as a calf at Mr.
Lintons sale at Sheriff Hutton. He proved to be one of the most impressive
sires, many grand animals and noted prize winners being got by him. His
sons and grandsons succeeded him in service. The herd was sold in 1895,
when 86 head averaged 45 is. 8d. Mr. W. Thompson (son of Mr. Robert
Thompson) now breeds Shorthorns at Ellen Grove, Mealsgate.
Mr. J. Thorley
Mr. J. Thorley’s herd at Ringdale, in the Vale of White Horse, contained
several very choice specimens of North country Shorthorns, as well as many
representatives of Messrs. Games and Hobbs well-known old Gloucester-
shire herds. These cows were crossed with first-class bulls from Mr. J.
Deane Willis herd at Bapton Manor, viz., Viator 71,769, by the famous sire
Abbotsford, from Victoria Countess; Bapton Jos 78,293, by Augustin, of Mr.
J. Bruces well-known Augusta family, from Golden Cloud; Prince of Troy
79,644, a son of Mr. A. B. Laws Prince of Sanquhar, from Helen 24th; and
Silver King 84,781. The herd was successfully exhibited for several years, a
large number of prizes having been won before its dispersal in 1904.
The late Mr. G. Murton Tracy

The late Mr. G. Murton Tracy, Redlands, Kent, began the breeding of Short-
horns more than sixty years ago, when he had a few cows of the Cleopatra
family from the herd of Mr. Adkins, of Milcote; the Craggs family from
that of Mr. Harvey Combe, and the Nonpareil and Wave families from Sir
John Lubbocks herd, derived from the old Tathwell stock, and he used Mr.
Cruickshanks well-known bull, The Baron 13,833, bred by Mr. Chaloner.
But it was with the line direct from Syiph that he made his greatest mark
as a breeder, through the purchase of Sweetheart 3rd, bred by Mr. Adkins,
in 1853, and bought at the Milcote sale in i86o. At Mr. Tracys sale at Red-
lands, Edenbridge, in May, 1870, Sweet- heart 3rd, then in her seventeenth
year, was the first lot in the catalogue, but was withdrawn; but her female
descendants in the herdtwenty-eight Sweethearts, varying in age from nine
and a half years to five weeks, and extending over four generationsmade
an average of X96 12s. 9d. Mr. Tracy afterwards had some good cows of
Fawsley descent. Further Knightley purchases were made, and animals were
obtained also from Hartforth and Mr. D. Nesham, Gainford Hall. A third
sale was held in 1878, realising an average of 48 6s. 8d.; and in i88 the
279
portion of the herd tracing to Old Cherry and the Hartforth Nancys was
sold, the nucleus of a new herd being retained. Mr. Murton Tracy died in
January, 1900.
Mr. W. Trethewy, Trewithen

Shorthorns were brought into Cornwall as early as 1790, when they were used
to cross Devons and Jerseys at Tregothnan. In 1829 Earl Spencer purchased
Mercury 2301 at Mr. Masons sale at Chilton, and afterwards sold him to
Mr. Peters of Penhallow, who brought this celebrated bull, as well as other
good stock, into Cornwall. The Probus Farmers Club also introduced several
good animals from the North of England, the Earl of Carlisles Frantick 8o88
being purchased at the Royal Agri- cultural Societys show at York in 1848.
The same year the late Mr. Trethewy, one of its special commissioners,
purchased Ruth 1st at Lord Sherbornes sale in Gloucestershire, and this cow
was the foundation of his extensive herd. Several hundred descendants may
be numbered from her. Rachel, her dam, bred by Mr. Booth of Cotham,
Notts., was by Cedric 3311, a bull that brought in Lord Spencers blood
through his sire Ivanhoe, a son of Mr. C. Coilings Cecil, who was by Comet
155, sold in i8io for 1000 gs. Rachel produced the heifer that was awarded
the first prize of 20, the silver medal to the breeder, and the gold medal at
the Smithfield Club Show, 1845. Later the tribe bred several noted prize
winners, and is well known in the Royal herd at Windsor. After Frantick
8o88, who brought in the Booth Isabella strain, Mr. Fawkes Lord Fingal
11,716, bred from the same tribe as the well-known prize bulls the Friars,
was used, as well as the own brothers Earl Ducie 12,967 and Henry I. 11571,
which were both bred in the herd. Sir C. Knightleys Vandumper 23,114
brought in the Fawsley blood; Sir Roger 18,863, bred by Mr. Ripley in
Yorkshire, was by Heart of Oak, a son of that celebrated bull Grand Turk,
who was sold for 300 gs. to go to America; Duke of Manchester 33,690
came from Mr. Robarts herd in Buckinghamshire ; and Mr. Fawkes Lord
Montgomery 26,686 again brought back the old Farnley blood: he was by
that favourite sire Lord Cobham. Bulls were also hired from Mr. John B.
Booth of Killerby, and were of prize strains. Crccsus 30,820 and British
Lion 30,609 were hired from Killerby, and followed M.C. 31,898, who was
in service three years: this bull was the sire of Mr. Hutchinsons Grateful,
first prize cow at the R.A.S.E. Meeting at Kilburn, 1879, whose daughter
Gainful won the first prize as a heifer at the same time, and the special prize
of ioo as the best female Shorthorn in the Show. Viscount Lismore 42,557,
bred by Mr. J. Downing, by the prize bull Robert Stephenson. and winner
of the first prize and 5o Plate at the Cork Show, 1879, was in service, as well
as Star of Arundel and Star of Britain, both bred by Mr. Talbot-Crosbie.
The herd was dispersed in 1892, forty-five head making an average of 36 i6s
2d. Every animal except Royal Arthur 53,570, the bull in service, was of
the Ruth tribe.
Mr. J. Vicker
Mr. J. Vicker’s herd at Churchfield, Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmorland, was
originally established at Stanhope, county Durham, by his father, who had
a high reputation for his dairy cows, and won prizes with them at the Stan-
hope, Weardale, and local shows in county Durham. Most of the pedigrees
traced back to some grand cows by Messrs. Angus Emperor 14,498, bred in
Northumberland; these were put to Mr. Robert Thorntons Baron Stapleton
5,627, a fine white bull and a local winner. Duke of Howl John 33,674 by
Mr. Barnes White Duke, a Mantalini bull, became celebrated as he won first
prize and champion at the Royal Show at Carlisle, I 88o. Those well-known
Royal winners, Royal ingram 50,374, and Self Esteem 2nd 48,675, from Mr.
John l-Iandley, were both on the farm at the same time. Two fresh strains
of dams were introduced many years ago, before Mr. Vickers left county
Durham for Westmorland; these were Mr. W. Mitchells Red Rosette, a
Booth cow, and Mr. B. Haigh Allens Princess 2nd, descended from Mr. W.
Raines old stock of Gainford, Darlington. The herd was always kept for the
dairy purposes of the country, butter making and calf rearing. Many of the
cows gave upwards of twenty-four quarts daily, and had as good a reputation
in Westmorland as they had originally in Durham. The herd was sold in
1905.
Mr. H. Denis de Vitré

For Mr. H. Denis de Vitré’s herd at Charlton House, Berks, there was pur-
chased in 1871, at the sale of Mr. R. Eastwoods small select herd at White-
well, Lancashire, which averaged Lji8i, the famous cow, Double Butterfly.
She was of the Killerby Madaline tribe, and the price when nine years old
was 195 gs. At Charlton House, Double Butterfly was mated with Grand
Duke of Kent 2nd 28,759, Messrs. Leneys well-known white bull, bought
by the Earl of Bective for 1000 gs. She produced Berkshire Butterfly, from
which nearly the whole of the herd at one time was descended. Several
sales took place at Charlton House, but this tribe, on account of its great
excellence and singular uniformity, had always been specially retained. The
herd contained a few choice animals of the Siddington branch of the Kirklev-
ingtons, the Bates Acombs, and the old Fannys. well known in Mr. Bowlys,
Mr. Edmonds, and Mr. Hobbs old Gloucestershire herds.
Mr. E. W. Meade Waldo

Mr. E. W. Meade Waldo, at Stonewall Park, Kent, owned one of the best
herds in the South of England. He subsequently removed to Barmoor Castle,
Northumberland, where the herd was dispersed in 1884, at an average of 90.
281
His early tuition was under the late Mr. Thomas Barnes, in Ireland, and one
of his first purchases was the bull Sheet Anchor, for 350 gs. Tie afterwards
followed close upon the lines of his mentor and bred from the Booth strains.
He bought Fathom at i8o gs., a beautiful Fame heifer at Mr. Sandays sale,
in i 86o, and at Mr. Pawletts sale, at Beeston, gave 300 gs. for Rose of
Eden, a very fine Mantalini, while several purchases were made privately,
and at considerable cost from well- known breeders. He hired bulls from
Warlaby, among them were King Harry 36,841, Royal Sceptre 43,967, and
King Malcolm 43,419; whilst in Northumberland, King Stephen 46559, and
King David 43,417 were used.
Capt. Whitting
Capt. Whitting’s herd at Totterdown, near Weston- super-Mare, was com-
menced in 1892, when chiMce animals were selected at Mr. S. Hills sale at
L ingford; purchases were subsequently made on the dispersion of Mr. How-
ells herd at Cardiff. These included the fine roan cow Lady Mowbray, by
Duke of Barrington 3 1st, of the Roan Duchess line, the best branch of the
ancient and celebrated Bates Blanche tribe. Roan Duchess 2nd, exhibited
by Col. Towneley, was three years in succession a Royal prize winner, and
the family has since been distinguished as winners and good bull breeders.
Maiden Barrington, also by Duke of Barrington 31 st was a grand-daughter
of Mr. Strattons beautiful prize cow Maiden, of the Moss Rose family. On
the dispersion of the late Mr. John Games herd at Rissington, Countess Pye
was purchased; she too became a noted breeder, especially of bulls. There
were also representatives of Mr. G. F. Kings and Mr. B. Reads, well-known
herds at Chewton Keynsham. The herd was sold in 1904.
Mr. Theodore E. Williams

Mr. Theodore E. Williams established a herd at Salterley Grange, Glouces-
tershire, in 1877, consisting of the Salterley and Lady Waterloo families.
The bulls were selected with great care purchases having been made from
noted dairy herds and R.A.S.E. prize-winning stock. Bulls were exported
to Germany and Argentina, and the cattle were in high favour among the
dairy farmers of Gloucester- shire, Monmouthshire, and other counties. The
herd was dispersed in September, 1905.
Sir Jacob Wilson

The father of the late Sir Jacob Wilson kept asmall herd atCrackenthorpe
Hall in the thirties, and used Mr. Bustons Satellite, Lord Althorps Archibald
1652, and Mr. Troutbecks Thalberg 5146. He removed early in the fifties
to Woodhorn Manor, near Morpeth, where Sir Jacob began to breed from
his kinsman Mr. Bowsteads and Mr. Chrisps stocks, and purchased the
celebrated bull, Duke of Tyne 17,751, from Mr. Spraggon, winning first prize
with him at the R.A.S.E. Show at Worcester in 1863. In i88i at Chillingham
Barns, he began again to establish a small select herd. These were naturally
in consideration of his old association with the Booth family, of their lines
of blood. He made selections from Lord Polwarth, the late Rev. Thos.
Staniforth, Messrs. Angus and Messrs. Cruick- shanks (of Lethenty) herds;
and afterwards added some highly bred animals of the same strain from the
late Mr. E. Heinemann and Mr. T. Fielden of Grimston; from the former he
purchased the bull Merry Christon 59485, a son of Mr. Booths FitzMowbray,
and from the latter, Sir Silvester Studley 66,363, bred at Warlaby. At the
sale of the late Mr. T. C. Booths herd at Warlaby in 1895, he selected the
best bull calf, Sir Lawrence Riby 67,926, which went to the herd established
by the late Col. North in Kent; this bull he afterwards purchased as well as
some of the highly bred females. The herd was sold in 1905, consequent on
Sir Jacob Wilsons death.
Mr. J. Wilson Wilson

Mr. J. Wilson Wilson, Broadway, had in his herd choice specimens of the
Knightley blood, including two daughters of the celebrated cow Lady Emily
2nd, also Lady Knightley 4th and her produce. This fine cow was own sister
to Mr. Mcintoshs Lady Knightley 2nd, the first-prize yearling heifer at the
Royal at Oxford, 1870, where she was sold for 500 gs., to Messrs. Walcott
and Campbell, U.S.A., in whose possession she bred Lady Knightley 3rd
and Lady Knightley 4th, sold respectively for 1000 gs. and 8oo gs. The
Blanche tribe, at one time in the possession of Mr. Bates at Kirklevington,
was represented. Kentish Nonsuch 27th, purchased at the Prebendal sale,
1874, for 175 gs, was descended from a tribe of ancient origin, Golden Pippin
having been bred by Mr. Robert Colling, and sold to Mr. Whitaker. The
other animals were purchased and bred from the well-known herds of Col.
Kingscote, Mr. H. J. Sheldon of Brailes, Mr. Geo. Savill of Jngthorpe, and
Mr. Geo. Game.
Mr. Thomas Wilson

Mr. Thomas Wilson’s herd at Shotley Hall, Newcastle, was established in
1842, and for some years consisted almost entirely of the Cowslip tribe full
of the best Colling blood. The Miss Beverley tribe was bred originally at
Black Hedley, adjoining Shotley, Red Darlington, the original cow, having
been purchased on the recommendation of Mr. Bates by Mr. Burnett, of
Black Hedley, When Mr. Burnett left Black Hedley the estate was added to
Shotley, and a few more animals of Kirklevington blood were brought into
the herd from the sales at Nunwick, Holker, Dunmore, Underley, and Peepy.
These included Winsome 9th, Winsome i8th, and Wild Eyes Duchess of the
283
Wild Eyes tribe. Duchess of Waterloo and Lady Villiers, the latter of the
J. tribe, were bought from Mr. J. J. D. Jefferson, and the Blanche tribe
was introduced by the purchase at the Peepy sale in 1875 of 0.B.s Justicia,
a granddaughter of Colonel Towneleys Royal Butterflys Duchess. The sires
were of Bates blood, including Lord of Nunwick 26,102, of the Waterloo
tribe, and by Edgar, winner at the Royal, Oxford Beau 3rd 32,013, hired
from Kingscote, Waterloo Hero from Underley, and Duke of Oxford 31 st,
a son of Grand Duchess of Oxford th, sold at Whitehall for 2000 gs. When
the herd was sold in September, 1878, fifty-six animals averaged over 123.
Lord Skelmersdale gave 750 gs. for Winsome 18th; Lord Lons- dale 715 gs.
for Winsome Colleen; Sir John Swinburne 585 gs. for Winsome Isis; Lord
Moreton 505 gs. for Winsome Oxonia; and Mr. W. McCulloch 435 gs. for
the bull Duke of Oxford 3 1st.
Mr. George Yeats

Mr. George Yeats, who died at Studley, York, in April, 1897, in his 67th
year, came of an old family of Short- horn breeders, whose entries in the Herd
Book go back to the year 1830, those celebrated bulls, Lord Granthams
Snowball 2648, Lord Carlisles Shylock 2622, and Mr. Whitakers Fairfax
1023 having been used. The family at one time farmed at Newby Park,
afterwards removed to Grantley near Ripon, and eventually went to Studley,
not far from Fountains Abbey, and took the farm originally occupied by
Mr. Richard Booth. The stock reared at Newby Park and Grantley were
carried on at Studley, where they were kept as a practical dairy herd, bulls
occasionally being hired from Warlaby, and their sons used in the herd,
which was well known in the district for half a century.
Chapter 10
Herds in England associated

with the past
Although it has not been part of the plan of this book to attempt to give
detailed descriptions of existing herds, the history of the breed would be
incomplete if the connection of many of the present stocks with the past
were not indicated. In some herds the same strains have been continued for
a very long period, stretching back in several cases to an early date in the
last century. Having decided to devote a chapter to brief references to these
old herds, it also seemed to be desirable to include facts regarding others
in which representatives of noted families have been gathered together
and carefully cultivated, so that their connections may be traced to their
sources. A description is also given of the materials on which herds that
have distinguished themselves in the shoxv yards have been built up. In
the selection of establishments for notice in this section it is probable that
a number have been accidentally omitted. To remedy any shortcomings
in this respect an opportunity was afforded to every breeder in the United
Kingdom to send particulars of his herd for insertion in a subsequent section,
which contains a list of existing herds and particulars as to their formation
and composition. An adequate description of all the present herds would
have required a large volume exclusively devoted to that subject. The short
notices of existing herds in England that follow have been drawn up on the
principle of selection just described. The space available in this chapter has
been utilised as far as possible to point out the sources of the herds so that
their association with famous historic strains may more easily be traced.
10.1 The Royal herds at Windsor and Sandring-

ham
Shorthorns have enjoyed the support of the Royal family of England for
more than a hundred years, and this has been especially noticeable during
285
286 CHAPTER 10. HERDS IN ENGLAND PAST
the reign of her late Majesty Queen Victoria, and that of His Majesty King
Edward VII. It may be recalled that King George III. was one of the very
first of south country farmers to recognise the remarkable qualities of the
cattle on the banks of the Tees, and the influence they were likely to have
on agriculture. Long before there was any Herd Book, Durham cows were
brought to Windsor. One bull, calved in 1803 and in-bred to that Maynard
cow (which was the real foundress of the reputation of the Shorthorn) stayed
there on hire so long that he acquired XVindsor 698, the name of his place
of sojourn, as his own name. Forty pounds a year for three years, was
the entry respecting this animal in Charles Collings cash book. In Garrards
Engravings of English Cattle are to be found pictures of some of the Durham
cows belonging to George III. They are unmistakably Shorthorns although
their ancestry seems to have been unknown and was certainly unrecorded.
It was in the year 1791, that the Flemish and Norfolk farms were laid out by
the King, who took great interest in agriculture. A flock of breeding sheep
and feeding cattle were kept. His Majestys example caused many landed
proprietors to farm their own estates. Soon after the Regency to George III.
was appointed, the farms were let in 1813, but in 1830, H.M. King William
IV. resumed their occupation and at his death it was suggested that they
should be thrown into the park. In 1849, H.R.H. the late Prince Consort
became the tenant of these farms, as well as of the dairy at Frogmore and the
Shaw Farm, and from that date a general improvement commenced. New
buildings were erected, the land drained, and a better system of cultivation
followed. Previously two fine bred bulls both calved in 1846, Brilliant 8905,
from Mr. Manning, in North- amptonshire, and Goldsmith 10,277, from Mr.
W. Torr, in Lincolnshire, were selected for the dairy stock; in fact they are
the foundation bulls of the Windsor pedigrees. In 185 I commenced a series
of annual hirings of bulls from Mr. R. Booths herd at Warlaby, and this
continued for nearly thirty years. In 1854 the foundation of the pure bred
herd was laid by the purchase of several cows. Two, Alix and Coldcream
(the former lived till she was eighteen years old) came from Sir Charles
Knightleys herd, which had been bred closely, and proved very profitable
when crossed with the equally closely-bred sires from Warlaby. In October,
1867, a portion of the herd was publicly sold at an average of 4o. There were
twenty-four descendants of Alix and thirty-one of Cold- cream, and half a
score were left to continue the herd.
A complete record of the prizes won has been kept since 1842. They
commenced with awards at the Smithfield Club and have continued to the
present time. In 1868, at the Royal Agricultural Societys Show at Leicester,
the first prize was won for a Shorthorn heifer, and numerous first and cham-
pion prizes have since been gained. Two more draft sales took place in 1871
and 1877, the line of breeding adopted at the commencement having been
continued. It began, however, to be apparent that the fashion of breeding
from closely-bred strains of blood would have to be abandoned. The animals
10.1. THE ROYAL HERDS AT WINDSOR AND SANDRINGHAM 287
were not thrifty, nor did they increase and multiply. The system of feeding
for the Christmas Shows, which had become much in vogue, led to annual
sales of the fat stock which continued from 1869 until 1890, when they were
abandoned for a time, but were afterwards continued on a smaller scale. Mr.
Henry Tait, who had for twenty years been the faithful steward, died, and
was followed by his son, Mr. William Tait, in 1882, when fresh blood was
introduced from herds in the North of Scotland. This blood had previously
been brought down about i 86o by the purchase of three heifers from Mr.
Shepherd, Shethin, Aberdeenshire. From Peeress, one of these heifers, the
bull Prince of Saxe Coburg, by Mr. Booths British Prince 14,157, was bred
and used. He became the sire of Alexandra, first-prize heifer at the Royal
Agricultural Societys meeting at Leicester in i868. Eleven years later a cow
and a heifer of the Coldcream family were reserved and highly commended at
the Royal Exhibition at Kilburn. In 1889 began that series of remarkably
successful exhibits which have placed the herds at Windsor in the highest
position in the country.
The purchase of the bull Field Marshal 47,870 from Mr. W.Duthie, in
i886, was attended with gratifying success. This grand animal was bred by
Mr. A. Cruickshank, Sittyton, having been got by Roan Gauntlet 35,284,
and descended from Mr. Duddings Avalanche by Mr. Booths Sir Samuel
15,302, SO that through his dam and the bull Forth 17,866 he brought in
the blood of the old Booth, as well as the Knightley strains, consequently his
blood blended successfully with those animals bred from similar strains at
Windsor. It was no raw cross, and he had a most distinguished reputation
as a sire in the Sittyton and Collynie herds. He was followed by New Years
Gift 57,796 from Lord Lovats herd in Inverness-shire. This splendid bull
brought in through his sire, Mr. J. Bruces Bannockburn 49,035, the blood
of Mr. T. Willis herd, which had been bred from the Booths in Yorkshire,
and his dam, Louisa, was by Lord Dunmores Duke of Beaufort 31822, who
was bred from the choicest Bates blood; his granddam, Mr. Cruickshanks
Broadhooks ioth, was by Champion of England 17,526. This remarkable an-
imal had a most brilliant career and was always a first-prize winner, besides
receiving many championshipsin fact, he was the champion bull at the three
national shows in England, Scotland, and Ireland. In March, 1892, at a sale
held at Windsor, he was purchased for 1000 gs. by the Earl of Feversham.
Fairfax 60,792, a home-bred bull, was also used. He won first prize and
was reserve for champion at the Royal Show at Warwick in 1892; he was
a son of Field Marshal from Fraulein, purchased at Sandring- ham. Gael
6o,8 and Volunteer 63,501, other sires used, were virtually bred by Mr. A.
Cruickshank, although born in England. The former was used at Sandring-
ham, and became the sire of Celt 66,798, first-prize bull at the Royal at
Leicester in 1896, where he was sold for the Argentine at 1000 gs. Volunteer
63,501 by Gondomar 55,821 from a Roan Gauntlet 35,284 dam, was used
three seasons at Windsor, and left excellent stock, among his progeny being
the celebrated Smithfield champion heifer Frederica, that won in cups and
prize-money nearly a thousand pounds. The herd of Mr. J. Deane Willis,
at Bapton Manor, having become very successful, recourse was made to it
for fresh sires. The blood was, however, somewhat similar, as Mr. Willis
had purchased the yearling heifers from Mr. Cruickshanks Sittyton herd
when it was disposed of privately. Count Lavender 60,545 was hired for
service from Mr. Willis. This bull greatly distinguished himself as a prize
winner, and left a grand crop of bull and heifer calves during the season he
was at Windsor. He was by Norseman 56,233 (bred by Mr. Cruickshank
from the Nonpareils) from Sweet Lavender by Mr. Bruces Earl of March
33,807 (a son of Mr. T. Willis Frederick FitzWindsor 31,196, and through
his dam traced to Colonel Sir Nigel Kingscotes Count Bickerstaffe 2nd of
Bates blood), so that the same elements were again introduced, but under
different circumstances of soil and climate, the chalk downs of Wiltshire
varying greatly from the granite boulders of Aberdeenshire. His grandson,
Prince Victor 73,320, fol- loxved and was used with remarkable success. He
was a son of Count Victor 66,877 (a great prize bull by Count Lavender
60,545 from one of Mr. Cruickshanks Victorias), and his dam traced to Mr.
Marrs Princess Royals, with the crosses of Cherub 4th and Young English-
man. This bull was mated with the Ruths, a family obtained from the late
Mr. W. Trethewy, in Cornwall, who reared an entire herd from one cow pur-
chased in 1848 from Lord Sherborne in Gloucester- shire. Some of these fine
Ruth co vs which had latterly been crossed with bulls of Booth blood from
Mr. Talbot Crosbies herd in Ireland, were selected for Windsor. Ruth 205th
by Mr. Crosbies Star of Britain was put to New Years Gift, and produced
Rowena, who in her turn was mated with Red Rover (a home-bred bull out
of an own sister in blood to New Years Gift), and she produced Rosewater,
the dam of the famous bull Royal Duke 75,509, first and champion three
years in succession at the Royal Shows, and sold by auction, in 1903, for
8oo gs. to Mr. Miller for the Argentine. He was admitted to be one of the
finest specimens of the breed in the kingdom; his splendid back, loin, and
quarters were striking features, and his majestic stature gave him a right
royal bearing. Other noted show animals from Windsor in recent years have
included Frederica by Volunteer 63,301 Bouquet by New Years Gift 57,796;
Ronald 79,775, first and champion at the Royal Show in 1904, sold for 1500
gs. to Mr. A. Edwards, Chili; Marmion by Volunteer 63,501; Sylph by Royal
Duke 75,509; Rose of Sharon by Prince Victor 73,320; Reception by First
Fruits 83,482; Royal Windsor 93,289; Enchanter 85,887; and Marjorie by
Royal Chieftain 84,587. All these were first at the Royal and other leading
shows, and several of them were also winners of champion prizes.
In recent years two sales have been held at the Royal Farms at Windsor.
One of these took place in 1892 during the reign of Her late Majesty, when,
as already mentioned, Nexv Years Gift was sold for 1000 gs., the average
for thirty-six head being 75 8s., the largest of the year. The other sale held
10.2. SANDRINGHAM 289
for His Majesty the King in 1903 realized an average of 82 2s. d, again the
highest of that year, with 8oo gs. for the bull Royal Duke as the highest
price.
The brilliant successes of the Shorthorns from the Royal Farms at Wind-
sor are the more remarkable inasmuch as only home-bred animals are ex-
hibited, while the herd supplies winners every year both at the shows of
breeding animals in the summer and at the two leading fat stock shows in
the winter.
10.2 Sandringham
His Majesty the King when Prince of Wales had established a fine herd at
Sandringham, or rather two herds, they being kept on separate farms, one
at Babingley, the other at Wolferton, and though the strains of the late
Sir Charles Knightleys stock could be found in both herds, yet the sires
used at each farm were for some years distinct, Bates blood having been
maintained at Babingley, and Booth blood at Wolferton. The foundation
stock was obtained by judicious purchases from the most eminent breeders
throughout the Kingdom.
The families comprised the well-known Grand Duchesses, Oxfords, Bar-
ringtons, Winsomes, and choice animals of the old Knightley blood. There
were also specimens of the Diadem, Fleecy, Paragon, and other families so
well known on the Wolferton farm. The sires in service with the Babingley
herd included Duke of Leicester 9th 58,818 from Mr. T. Holfords well-known
herd in Dorsetshire, and Thorndale Duke of York 60,063, bred by Mr. J.
Harris in Cumberland. Duke of Barrington 34th 60,662 from the Brailes
herd was full of the blood of the celebrated bull Duke of Connaught. Fitz-
Mowbray 49,591, hired from Warlaby, was succeeded at Wolferton by Lord
Broughton 56,029 from the same herd; this latter bull was the sire of the
first-prize yearling at the R.A.S.E. at Doncaster, and of Broughton Lad,
bred at Sand- ringham, second-prize winner at the Royal at Warwick, as
well as of the first and champion prizes at the Royal Counties and the Nor-
folk Shows. Penman 59,596, full of the best Mason blood, bred by Mr. John
Gamble, from Earl Spencers old XViseton herd, left some excellent stock.
Royal Windsor 59,850, bred by Mr. Hugh Aylmer, was hired for service
from Mr. Willingham Fowler and proved a valuable sire.
The herds were increased by purchases from the famous stocks at Al-
nwick, Brougham, Duncombe, and Warlaby. In order to keep the herd in
touch with the fashion of the day, the celebrated bulls Gael 6o,855 and Red
Rover 63,192 were hired from the Royal herd at Windsor. They left a num-
ber of beautiful young heifers and bulls. Celt 66,798, a son of Gael 60,855
from Lily Barrington, won the first prize, as well as the Shorthorn Societys
prize, at the Norfolk Show, and the first prize at the Royal Counties Show
at Bourne- mouth. He xvas also axvarded first prize in a large class at the
Bath and West of England Show at St. Albans, and first at the Royal Show
at Leicester, where he was sold for 1000 gs. A number of successful sales
have been held. In 1896 forty head were sold from the herd at an average
of 70 2s. 9d., the highest of the year, and in 1900 fifty-four averaged 69 3S.
3d.
The celebrated bull Pride of Collynie 75,248, from Mr. Duthies herd,
was purchased at the Highland Societys Show at Edinburgh in 1899 when
he stood second to Royal Duke from Windsor. He was an excellent son of
Pride of Morning 64,546 out of Lady Lancaster 8th by Dauntless. Another
successful stock bull has been Crystal Prince 76,221 by Prince Stephen out
of Chloe, a daughter of the Clipper cow Chrysanthemum. He was a fine
white bull bred by Mr. Deane Willis and purchased at Mr. G. F. Kings
sale at Keynsham in 1896. Another good sire, also of the Clipper tribe, was
Carlyle 65,226.
Mr. Edmund Beck, the agent for the Sandringham estate, managed the
herd from the commencement, and on his death was succeeded by his son,
Mr. Frank Beck.
10.3 Duncombe Park

The herd at Duncombe Park, belonging to the Earl of Feversham, is one of
the oldest in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the home of the breed. It was
established very early in the last century. Two strains have been on the farm
ever since the herd was foundedthe Clevelands and the Ryedales. The Lady
Clevelands trace back to Evelina by Marshal Beresford 415, bought in 1815,
which, with others purchased at Mr. Robert Collings sale in 1818, formed
the foundation of the herd. It has always been famous for its association
with the blood of Mr. Bates herd at Kirklevington. Bulls were hired from
him as far back as 1840, and there is probably no herd in existence where
a greater infusion of the best Duchess and Oxford blood will be found than
in that at Duncombe Park. For after Cleveland Lad 3407 was purchased
and used several years, Cleveland Lad 2nd 3408 was hired. The Cleveland
tribe, having a strong infusion of their blood, was named after these two
famous bulls. Highland Duke 13,025, out of Duchess 6ist, purchased at Mr.
Bates sale in 1850, and Fifth Duke of Oxford 12,762, bred by Earl Ducie,
were also used. Fifth Duke of Oxford was first at the Royal, at Chester,
in 1858, and his son, Skyrocket 15,306, first at the Royal, at Leeds, in
i86i in a strong class of 40. Skyrocket was used in the herd, having been
originally sold at a small price as a calf to one of the tenants from whom
he was re-purchased. This bull was sent by the late Lord Feversham for
exhibition on behalf of the Lancashire Cotton Famine Fund; the charge for
admission was 6d., and 8o was in this way raised for the fund. In 1871,
10.4. THE STRATTON HERDS 291
Twentieth Duke of Oxford 28,432 was purchased at Holker for 1000 gs., and
Fifth Duke of Tregunter 33,743 bought privately from Sir Robert Gunter
and afterwards sold at a high price for Canada. Then Baron Oxford 9th
42,736 followed; he was also from the Holker herd, but from a different line
of blood to that of the Twentieth Duke of Oxford. It was the custom to
keep up the character of the herd by the occasional purchase of highly bred
females when first-class stocks were dispersed, and several representatives
of the Winsomes (a branch of the Wild Eyes), as well as Kirklevingtons and
Oxfords were obtained. In i 88o Third Duchess of Underley was purchased
for 2000 gs. She was afterwards sent, three years in succession, to Lord
Fitzhardinges famous bull Duke of Connaught; the first produce, a heifer,
was followed by a bull, Ninth Duke of York 51,159. He was very freely used,
and was considered one of the finest bulls in the United Kingdom. At the
sale in i888 he realised 1000 gs. to Messrs. C. T. Getting and Son, for the
Argentine. At the Windsor sale, in 1892, the bull New Years Gift 57,796
was bought for 1000 gs.
10.4 The Stratton Herds

Among the various tribes that have made for themselves a distinguished
position on their intrinsic merits are the Stratton Shorthorns. The foun-
dation of this variety may be said to have been laid in 1837 by the late
Mr. Richard Stratton, then residing in Wiltshire, by the purchase of the
bull Phcenix 6290, bred by Mr. Bellamy, of Warwickshire. This bulls pedi-
gree contained none but the best old blood of that time, and the earliest
recorded Shorthorns, such as Comet, Favourite, and Joblings Wellington,
being predominant, a sound foundation was obtained to start with.
At that time Mr. Stratton possessed a herd of good Short- horn dairy
cows, purchased at the neighbouring markets, with an eye chiefly to the
dairy, xvhich was at that time the most important branch of his business.
Phcenix was put to these cows, and the result was extraordinary. An animal
of splendid flesh and symmetry, and moderate size himself, he imparted these
qualities to his stock in a remarkable degree. The first crop of heifers were
excellent, and the gem of the bunch was a light roan called Moss Rose,
whose dam was described as a Shorthorn dairy cow of good character and
an excellent milker.
Though other daughters of Phcenix did credit to his name (notably Pre-
mium, whose progeny were always held in high esteem by the Strattons), it
was Moss Rose that made these cattle famous. This cow and her daughter,
Young Moss Rose, bred between them no fewer than thirty calves, and their
descendants, direct and indirect (through Moss Rose bulls), have won prizes
for the Strattons alone of the value of upwards of io,ooo. The excellence of
the Phcenix stock determined Mr. Stratton to spare no pains in maintaining
their good qualities, and, if possible, improving on them.

Mr. Stratton was admitted on all hands to be a first-rate judge, and
from his thoroughly practical training, probably no man of his tinie was
more competent to breed Shorthorns of I the class required for practical
purposes. This he set himself to accomplish. His conviction was clear that
the pure-bred Shorthorn should be the most useful as well as the most
ornamental of cattle. To combine good milking qualities, with the best of
flesh evenly laid on, a frame of moderate size, and perfect symmetry, was
his aim, and he cared not whether the blood he introduced were Bates or
Booth, fashionable or otherwise, provided the type was such as he required;
furthermore, though fully alive to the advantages of in- breeding up to a
certain point, he was convinced that such a system was dangerous when
carried to extremes; and though Moss Rose bulls were largely used, and
often with great success, still many have been the infusions of fresh blood,
and to this may be attributed the generally robust character of these cattle
and their regular breeding.
Furthermore, he contended that in order to maintain uniformity of type
it was not necessary to adhere slavishly to one particular line of blood, but
that by the use of sound judgment nexv blood of different strains might be
introduced, provided the ideal type were kept in view, and acting on this
principle he made use of bulls sometimes chiefly composed of Bates, and
again of Booth blood, without ever losing his type.
Succeeding Phzenix came Lottery 4280, bred by Mr. Adkins, of Mil-
cote, sire Cartwrights Tathwell, his dam by Masons Spectator. Put to Moss
Rose the produce was Young Moss Rose. This bull left excellent stock; and
Elegance by Lottery, a daughter of Young Moss Rose, bred many first-rate
animals. Red Duke 8624, by Second Duke of Lancaster, son of Bates Duke
of Northumberland, was a bull after Mr. Strattons own heart. This was,
perhaps, the best getter ever used in his herdhis heifers and cows were ev-
erything that could be desired, and he has the proud distinction of being the
sire of no fewer than three Smithfield gold medal winnersviz, in 1852, 1853
(when another of his sons was reserve), and in 1856. At this time Hero of the
West 8150, from Lord Ducie, gave great style, and was used for several years.
Moss Roses sons by Red Dukeviz. Clarendon 12,605, and Waterloo 11,025,
were used successfully; then followed Hickory 14,706, by Booths Highthorn
and Notting- ham 15,014 by Harbinger (Booth). This infusion of new blood
was satisfactory.
The next importation of new blood was The Baronet 17,088, by Booths
Sir Samuel, and Young Windsor 17,241, by Booths Windsor, from Mr.
Barnes, of Westland, Ireland. The former, though splendidly bred, proved
as great a failure as the latter was a success; Young Windsor left stock of y
very high merit, and his daughters, mated with Lamp of Lothian 16,356, by
Hymen 13,058, half Booth and half Bates, hired from Mr. Talbot-Crosbie
for two seasons, proved a great success. Lamp of Lothian, bred by Mr. J.
10.4. THE STRATTON HERDS 293
Douglas, was probably the best getter ever sent to Ireland, as proved by the
success of his sons at the Royal Irish and other shows, and by the mark he
made in the magnificent herd at Ardfert.
James 1st 24,202, Bude Light 21,342, and others of his sons were then
used up to the time of the late Mr. Richard Strattons death in 1878, when
the herd was divided equally between his two sons, Mr. Rd. Stratton,
of The Duifryn, and Mr. J. Stratton, of Alton Priors. The latter, after a
successful career of seven years, dispersed his herd in 1879, but two daughters
of animals then sold were re-purchased and a fresh herd started, which was
sold in May, 1907. Mr. Richard Strattons large herd now represents this
old-established stock.
Shortly before the death of Mr. R. Stratton, considerable draft sales had
taken place, viz, in March, 1871, when fifty-six animals were sold by auction,
and in 1867, on giving up the Broad Hinton Farm, a still larger number were
dispersed. Private sales also were extensive. There were consequently only
some fifty for division between Messrs. R. and J. Stratton. The show-yard
successes of these brothers have been remarkable; they won between them,
from 1872 to i886, prizes of the value of I’sooo, and have been successful in
all the chief show- yards in England. At the fat stock shows of Birmingham
and Smithfield, the success of the Stratton cattle was most marked, their
Smithfield record comprising eleven gold medals and champion cups for the
best male or female, four of the former and seven of the latter, and three
champions of the whole show. In addition to the above, Mr. Browns heifer,
champion female of i8 8, was entirely of Stratton blood; Mr. Radcliffes
champion of the yard in 1879 was fully half Stratton; and Mr. Colmans
champion female of i886 was bred by Mr. J. Stratton, of Manningford Bruce.
At Birming- ham their success was no less marked than at Smithfield. Twice
the Elkington champion cup has fallen to the present Mr. R. Stratton, and
two gold medals fell to the late Mr. R. Stratton, in addition to numerous
class prizes.
The Shorthorns of this variety possess uniformity of character and
evenness of flesh. They arrive early at maturity, and when exhibited at
the fat stock shows are noticeable for ripeness and fine quality. The heifers
Icicle, Nectarine Bud, Wildflower, Miriam, Lilian, and Mr. Colmans winner
of i886, all Smithfield champion females, might all have been run in the same
mould.
While the feeding properties have been keenly cultivated, Messrs. Strat-
ton have not neglected the dairy part of the farmers business, and have
always been alive to the paramount importance of combining the two. Nu-
merous prizes have been awarded to these cattle in dairy competitions. A
notable instance of this combination was Maid of Athens, in the Duifryn
herd. She gave twenty-four quarts of milk per day when fresh calved, and
was the dam of Acropolis 47,3 i6, first prize bull-calf at the Royal Agricul-
tural Societys Show at York, and of Belus 52,509, winner of several prizes.
Many sales of bulls and heifers were formerly effected to Australia, where
they held a high position and were general favourites. AmericaNorth and
Southhas drawn from them, and at the Exhibition at Buenos Ayres in i886,
the champion prize fell to Mirthful, a cow bred by Mr. R. Stratton, at The
Duffryn.
Since Timbrel 23rd won the championship at the R.A.S.E. at Chester,
Mr. R. Stratton had almost ceased to show females because of the effects
of the excessive feeding rendered necessary to ensure success; but when the
Royal Show came close home to Cardiff, one heifer, Calico Bell, was prepared
for exhibition. She won first prize as a yearling, and afterwards won second
at Carlisle in 1902, and first again at the Royal in London in 1903. The
herd has, however, been well represented by its bulls, Alto 68,147, and Flag
Signal 65,527, were both sons of Timbrel th, as was also Hornblower 62,724.
The first two were respectively champions at the Yorkshire, and first at the
Royal, at Maidstone, in 1898, while Hornblower won first prize and champion
at the Bath and West Show.
10.5 Wetherby
The herd belonging to Colonel (afterwards Sir Robert) Gunter for years
occupied a leading position, its chief importance having consisted in its
being the sourcefrom which manybreeders of the Bates strains were able
to obtain bulls of the Duchess family. He commenced Shorthorn breeding
in 1852, his first entries appearing in Volume XI. of the Herd BookApple,
bred by Sir J. W. Lubbock, a roan cow of the Nonpareil tribe, and Duchess
2nd, bred by Mr. J. Thornthwaite, of Arkleby, being his first registered
animals, to which the white bull, Captain 12,544, obtained from Mr. John
Taylor, of Moreton Hall, Lancashire, was used. It was, however, in August,
1853, that Mr. Gunter, as he then was, attended Earl Ducie s great sale at
Tortworth, and commenced breeding, by the purchase of a yearling heifer
and two heifer calves of Mr. Bates far-famed Duchess tribe. The yearling
Duchess 67th by Usurer 9763, cost 350 gs.; the 69th by Fourth Duke of York
10,167, 400 gs.; and the 70th by Fourth Duke of Gloster 11,382, 310 gs. The
two first were both whites from Duchess 59th, which was bought by Mr.
Thorne, U.S.A., for 350 gs.; and the last, a red-and-white, was from the
66th, which xvent to Messrs. Becar and Morris at 700 gs. Duchess 69th had
been purchased at Tortworth by Mr. Tanqueray, but was transferred to Mr.
Gunter. The sire selected at the Hendon sale for 200 gs. was Sixth Duke of
Oxford 12,765 by Earl Ducies Duke of Gloster from Oxford i ith, bred by
Mr. Bates, which cow herself was afterwards purchased for Wetherby for
500 gs. As is well known, the American breeders had intended to purchase
the wl zAe of the representatives of the Duchess family at the Tortworth
sale, and it was due to the public spirit and enterprise of Mr. Gunter and
10.5. WETHERBY 295
Mr. Tanqueray that half the number were retained in this country. The
herd was originally kept at Earl Court, but in August, 1857, it was removed
to Wetherby Grange, Yorkshire. In the purchase of the Duchesses and the
subsequent management of the herd, Mr. Gunter was greatly assisted by
the advice of his steward, Mr. Knowles. One of the Duchess heifers, bred at
Wetherby, acquired a very high reputation in the show-yard, winning first
at the Royal at Leeds in i86i, and eighteen other prizes and seven challenge
cups. Duchesses 97th, ioist, and 103rd were bought for Canada by the lIon.
M. H. Cochrane, and Lord Dunmore secured the pair of heifer calves from
the two latter for 2500 gs., the price paid for the dams the year previously.
The Duchesses bred regularly and well, and during the sixties and seventies
many of the leading Bates breeders came to Wetherby for sires, the names
of the Dukes of Wetherby and the Dukes of Tregunter being famous in the
annals of Shorthorn history. The Sixth Duke of Oxford was used several
seasons, and followed by Archduke 14,099, and Duke of York 7th 17,754 (a
celebrated sire), both sons of Duchess 69th, while Grand Duke of Wetherby
and Duke of Wharfedale 3rd were also home bred. The Dukes of Clarence,
Claro, Tregunter, Wetherby, and Wharfedale were bred at Wetherby, and
several of them were used in the best herds of Bates cattle. A number of
these were sold for 500 gs. each. In-breeding was continued by the use
of the Dukes of Wetherby and Tregunter for many years, very little fresh
blood being introduced. In 1892, however, The Bishop 61,894, bred by Mr.
Fawkes, of Farnley, brought in a fresh strain, and Minstrel 63,012, bred by
Mr. Henry Williams at Moor Park, by the Windsor bull Major, from Bright
Honour, a pure Booth cow of the Bright tribe, was used two seasons. After
this infusion a return was made to the old blood with Duke of Wetherby 9th
and Baron Oxford 27th, the latter being obtained from Holker. In i oo,
Wild Duke of Geneva 203rd, bred by Lord Armstrong, was selected, and
followed two years later by Duke of Wynyard, purchased from the Marquis
of Londonderry, and full of Scotch blood. In 1902, Lord St. Clair 79,305,
which had been in service in Sir John Swinburne s herd at Capheaton, was
purchased at York. He was bred by Mr. W. A. Mitchell, of Auchnagathle,
in Scotland, and traced to the Miss Ramsden family, that has produced so
many successful sires and prize animals.
Among the tribes now in the herd are the Duchesses, which came origi-
nally from Earl Ducies sale at Tortworth in 1853, as related before; the Wild
Eyes, which are in two branches, one tracing through the Duke of Devon-
shires Winsome 19th, and the other through Mr. A. L. Maynards Mild Eyes
to the Kirklevington herd; the Waterloos, which have been at Wetherby for
about a quarter of a century, and obtained from the Rev. J. D. Jefferson,
of Thicket Priory, who got them direct from Mr. Bates. There are several
of the Darlington tribe which came from Lord Penrhyn in 1869, as well as
others of the Acomb, Place, Foggathorpe, and Sweet- heart families. It will
thus be seen how marked an influence the Wetherby Shorthorns have had.
The herd is continued by Mr. G. G. Gunter, the sires recently used having
been Lord St. Clair 79,305, his son, Fourth Duke Qf Collingham, from a
Duchess cow, and Lord Stranraer 92,354.
10.6 Manor House, Catterick

For a number of years Mr. T. H. Hutchinson, The Manor House, Catterick
(who has been twice awarded the first prize for the best-managed farm in
Yorkshire by the Royal Agricul- tural Society), vas one of the most success-
ful exhibitors of Shorthorns at the leading shows throughout the country.
The principal family in the herd was descended from a cow named Lady Bur-
ton by Vesuvius 5589, purchased by the late Mr. Hutchinson near Burton
Constable. One of her daughters was Lady of the Manor by Baron Warlaby.
Good bulls from the Killerby herd were used. British Lion 31,878, M. C.
of the Hecuba tribe, and Merry Monarch 22,349 were hired, and from this
breeding came the celebrated winners Lady Pamela and Lady Golightly.
Lady Pately was the dam of Lady Pamela, and also of Lady Primulathe
latter sold to go to South America. Victoria Formosa was a daughter of
Victoria Frigida of the Mantalini tribe. Lady Gray, also a successful show
cow, was dam of Lady Golightly. Glad Tidings was another successful spec-
imen of the tribe. At the sale of the Hon. Mrs. Beresford Pierces herd in
1870, purchases were made of animals from the strains of Mr. B. Wilson
and Mr. Linton, one being Gerty by Vain Hope 3rd. From this line came
Grateful, a prize-winner at the Royal, and her daughter Gainful, champion
at the International Show at Kilburn in 1879. Gratification, a daughter of
Gerty 3rd, was dam of the Royal and Yorkshire champion females Gratia
and Glad Tidings. There were also several Brights of Aylesby extraction.
The bull Riby Star 46,983 by Royal Halnaby from Riby Marchioness from
Ardfert was successfully used. At the dispersion of the Killerby herd, Mr.
Hutchinson purchased the HecubasPrincess Brigantine, Princess Beatrice,
Princess Battenberg, and Princess Studley. Showing was subsequently dis-
continued, but the high character of the herd is maintained. The tribes now
represented are the Vespers, Gertys, Belindas, Missies, Bessies, etc.
10.7 Bapton Manor

One of the most distinguished and impressive herds of modern times is that
belonging to Mr. J. Deane Willis, Bapton Manor, Codford St. Mary, Wilts.
The herd has been in the family for many years, and by the brilliant success
and excellence of the animals bred in it occupies a very high position. The
Bapton Manor Farm is owned by Mr. Deane XVillis, and extends to a
thousand acres. The herd of Short- horns was established more than forty
years ago by Mr. Willis father, the foundation cows having been selected on
10.7. BAPTON MANOR 297
account of their deep milking qualities. As many as ten out of twelve of the
sires first employed after 1867 were bred by Mr. R. Stratton. Subsequently
bulls bred by Mr. Ackers, Mr. T. Willis, Mr. Meade Waldo, Mr. Arkell,
and Mr. Game were introduced, these being followed by a number of prize-
winners. A very good herd was built up in this way.
But the foundation stock of the present celebrated herd came from the
late Mr. Amos Cruickshank of Sittyton, Aberdeenshire. It was about the
middle of the year 1889 that Mr. Amos Cruickshank completed the sale of
the whole of his world-renowned herd, which at that time numbered about
one hundred and fifty head, to Messrs. James Nelson arfd Sons for export
to the Argentine Republic. While Shorthorn breeders were still lamenting
the fate of the herd, news came of the financial troubles that had overtaken
one of the principal banking houses connected with South America, and
this delayed the shipment of the cattle. Thus it came about that instead of
being for ever lost to British breeders, the herd remained at Sittyton until
the following summer, when Mr. William Duthie secured practically all of
the older cows to Collynie, and Mr. Deane Willis all the yearling heifers,
with the exception of the Violet tribe, to Bapton Manor. From that day
onwards Bapton Manor has continued to come more and more prominently
before the eyes of Shorthorn breeders by reason of the extraordinary success
of its cattle both in show-yard and sale.
The cattle that Mr. Deane Willis brought to Bapton from Scotland to
form a second Sittyton on the banks of the Wylye consisted of thirty-two
heifers and the two bulls Scottish Archer 59,893, and Captain of the Guard
58,596. The first- named of these bulls was by Cumberland 46,144, one of
the best of the Sittyton sires, out of the Secret cow Surname by Pride of the
Isles. Later on he xvent back again to Scotland to the herd of Mr. Duthie,
for whom he proved himself to be an invaluable sire. But it is to the bull
Count Lavender 60,545, that the Bapton herd owes very much of its success.
Count Lavender, bred by Mr. Duthie, was by Norseman 56,233, from Sweet
Lavender, by Earl of March. He was used at Bapton by the advice of Mr.
Cruickshank himself, the soundness of this counsel being amply borne out
by the results attained. Roan Robin 57,992, by Cumberland, out of Glow-
worm by Roan Gauntlet 35,284, was another Collynie-bred bull that left his
mark upon the Bapton herd, and it would be an easy matter to enumerate
many more animals familiar by reason of the recurrence of their names in
modern pedigrees, that have come from the Bapton herd. The heifers from
Sittyton comprised four Lavenders, four Victorias, five Brawith Buds or Pure
Golds, six Crocuses, two Secrets, two Philli- pines, and specimens of other
families. Possessing the only collection of Cruickshank cattle in England,
Mr. Deane Willis has naturally profited by the demand that has existed of
late years for the Scotch type, but apart from this the great care that he
has exercised in the breeding of the cattle and in the selection of fresh blood
has resulted in the herd not only holding its own in this respect, but it has
become the nursery whence many breeders seek the blood that is to effect
improvement in their own herds.
In spite, however, of the constant drain upon its numbers, the Bapton
herd can always send prize-winners to the great agricultural shows, the list
of its successes being an exceedingly lengthy one, culminating in 1906
in what must be the ambition of every Shorthorn breederthe breeding and
showing of both male and female champions at the Royal Show. It will be
remembered how, after winning championship as a calf at Lord Tredegars
Show, and subsequently as a yearling at the Royal Counties and Bath and
West, Bapton Viceroy secured the championship of the Royal Show at Derby,
in 1906, while Golden Garland, a grand yearling heifer by the same sire,
Violets Fame 78,078, and both out of cows by Count Laven- der, won the
similar honour in the female section. How both animals were sold for export,
the one at a record figure to the Argentine, and the other to Canada, is now
a matter of history.
In looking through the pedigrees of the Bapton herd, one cannot fail to
be impressed by the occurrence on both sides of generations of animals bred
by the late Mr. Cruickshank, in some cases no less than eight of the female
ancestors and half a dozen of the male being described as being bred by him.
This being the case, it is not surprising that the family likeness throughout
the herd is most marked, and that every animal that composes it displays
all the characteristics of the typical Scotch Shorthorn. These animals thrive
exceedingly in the beautiful valley of the Wylye, in which Bapton Manor is
situate.
Of the sires used in the herd subsequently to Count Lavender, came
for a time, as already mentioned, Roan Robin 57,992, sired by Cumberland
46,144, from a Roan Gauntlet 35,284, dam. He was one of the best-bred
Sittyton bulls of his day, and left a good impression. Mr. Willis then in-
troduced a slight infusion of the blood of the roan King Stephen 46,959,
bred by Mr. T. C. Booth, at Warlaby. The Crocus cow Cineraria, by Mr.
Cruickshanks Commodore 54,1 i8, was mated with King Stephen, and pro-
duced the roan Prince Stephen 64,603, that was successfully used. The sires
subsequently in the herd have been of the highest breeding and great in-
dividual merit, as the continuous success of animals from it proves. Those
in use in 1907 included Winning Hope 80,283, by Golden Hope, dam Win-
some, of the Wimple family, to which the Royal champion of 1906 belonged,
his granddam being by Sittyton Yet; Brave Boy is by Brave Archer 85,745,
the sire of Doynton Brave Archer 85,745, and C.I.V. 80,707, both of which
made iooo gs., while Brave Archer himself was sold for 1250 gs.; Prince of
the Blood by Pride of Avon, out of a Princess Royal cow, this young bull
was secured at the Collynie sale in 1906 for 830 gs. Another is Bapton Vis-
count 94,146, by Chewton Brave Archer, his dam being by Bapton Victory,
a son of Count Lavender. The principal families now at Bapton are the
Cruickshank Secrets, Clippers, Victorias, Lavenders, Crocuses, etc.
10.7. BAPTON MANOR 299
A celebrated prize cow in the herd is White Heather, by Merry Mason,

a bull bred by Mr. W. S. Marr, out of Beauty 24th by Mbrton, also of
Mr. Marrs breeding. At nine years of age she was still as grand a type of
cow as one might wish to find, and during her show career she has taken
over /iooo in prize-money, including among these xvins four times first and
twice champion at the Royal Show, and four times the champion female of
all breeds at Lord Tredegars Show at Newport. Added to this remarkable
record White Heather has bred regularly, having had five living calves, in
spite of the travelling and excitement inseparable from public exhibition.
In 1889 the first attempt was made at showing at the Royal Agricultural
Societys meeting, and at the Windsor Show the bull Sir Douglas 59,939, was
placed second to Her late Majestys celebrated bull New Years Gift 57,796.
The next year the 100 gs. Cup at the Essex Show was won, as well as prizes
at the Royal and Yorkshire Shows. In 1891 these successes continued, but
exhibits were confined more to the greater and county shows than to the
local meetings.
From 1885 to 1896, 820 prizes and 73 champions, amounting to 16,io8,
were awarded, many of the animals being sold at very large sums for expor-
tation to the Colonies and South America. Rising Star 54,920, bred by Mr.
W. S. Marr, of Uppermill, became the sire of Her Majesty Queen Victorias
celebrated heifer Princess Josephine, the Smithfield Gold Medal heifer in
1890. Bapton Star 62,107, also by Rising Star, was the first-prize bull, and
the winner of the Shorthorn Societys 1125 prize at the Dublin Show, 1891 ;
Challenge Cup 57,029 winning the 11155 Chaloner Plate the same year.
Of the numerous prizes won during the last few years, in addition to
the two championships at the Royal in 1906, the following may be men-
tioned, these being only the leading winners at the national shows since
1894. At the Royal Show at Cambridge in 1894, Count Lavender 60,545,
was second- prize aged bull; his son Czarowitz 63,850, first prize two-year-
old and champion; Vain Robin by Roan Robin, first-prize two-year-old bull;
Count Victor 66,877, by Count Lavender, first-prize bull calf. At Darling-
ton in 1895, Count Victor 66,877, was first-prize yearling bull; and Miranda,
champion female, both being by Count Lavender 60,545, while Seraph, by
Roan Robin, was first-prize yearling heifer. At Maidstone in 1899, Bap-
ton Emperor, by Ingram Yet 70,652, champion bull; and J3apton Pearl, by
Count Lavender, first-prize two- yearold heifer. At Cardiff in 1901, White
Heather, first prize cow. At Carlisle in 1902, Bapton Florist, by Silver Plate
75,633, first-prize yearling bull. At Park Royal in 1903, Bapton Sceptre
by Bapton Duke 76,078, first-prize yearling bull. White Heather, first-prize
cow, at Park Royal, in 1905, Doynton Brave Archer 85,745, sold for 1000 gs.
first-prize two-year-old bull.
10.8 Messrs. Hobbs’ herds

Gloucestershire has always been famous for its large herds of pure-bred dairy
Shorthorns. The coxvs are generally of great scale with good udders, and
that remarkably fine hair and handling so indicative of great feeding qual-
ities. The Fifth Earl Ducie, of Tortworth, was one of the earliest to bring
into the county a first-class herd, principally of Bates blood; this strain was
perpetuated by the late Mr. Edward Bowly, Mr. W. J. Edmonds, and Mr.
Charles Hobbs, whose son, Mr. James T. Hobbs, has continued it at Maisey-
hampton, keeping the herd up to about one hundred milking cows to carry
out a large London dairy contract.
The cows are mostly of those old tribes that have been bred at Maisey-
hampton for fully half a century, viz, the Fanny, Matchless, Musical, Or-
ange Blossom, and Quicksilver. There are also a few representatives of good
strains, long bred by the late Mr. Stiles Rich, of Didmarton, and the Arkell
and Game families, so long associated with this county. The sires have
been selected with great care and good judgment. Barrington Surmise 2nd
60343, and King of Stroxton 13th 64,223, both sustained the old Bates blood.
Councillor 72,264, bred at the Royal farm at Windsor, and Royal Notting-
ham 59,834 (a son of the famous Molly Millicent), bred by Mr. R. Thompson
at Inglewood, whilst New Years Gift 77,328, from Messrs. Hoskens old herd
in Cornwall, and Red Lord 73,373, bred by Mr. Ben. Read, further upheld
the dairy properties.
The Kelmscott herd was established by Mr. R. W. Hobbs in 1878, and
is now one of the largest in the kingdom. A few cows of the Marchioness,
Solo, and Chorus branches of Mr. Bowlys old Musical tribe were obtained
from Maiseyhampton, as well as a number of heavy milking Shorthorn dairy
cows from Messrs. Arkell and others in the neighbourhood. The best of
these were retained for breeding, and their descendants recorded in the
Herd Book. The Maiseyhampton bulls were used for some years. Sires were
also obtained from Mr. Edmonds of Southrop, Mr. D. Arkell of Butlers
Court, and Mr. T. R. Hulbert of Cerney, care always being taken to select
animals from deep milking dams. Animals from the Kelmscott herd have
been successfully exhibited at the London Dairy Show, and at Tring, as well
as in the dairy classes at the Oxfordshire Shows. In 1904 the first prize in a
large class at Tring was awarded to Rose 26th, who yielded 72 lbs. 6 ozs. of
milk, which equals over 7 gallons, in one day, fifty-four days after calving.
10.9 Messrs. Arkells’ herds

Among the breeders of Shorthorns in the Thames Valley, the name of Arkell
is contemporary with that of Hobbs of Maiseyhampton, as well as of the
Games of Gloucestershire and Strattons of Wiltshire. The late Mr. William
10.10. MESSRS. GARNES’ HERDS 301
Arkell, of Dudgrove, was an old and distinguished dairy farmer, his herd hav-
ing been bred from Messrs. Strickland and Bowlys stocks for fully forty years
before it was dispersed in 1878 and 1879. The strains of blood were continued
by his two sons, Mr. William Arkell, formerly of Hatherop, and Mr. Daniel
Arkell. Mr. W. ArkelVs herd at Kempsford consists mainly of four families,
viz, the Frosts, a heavy milking tribe, originally from Messrs. Strickland in
1848, were obtained at Dudgrove in 1878; the Florentias and Ursulas from
Tortworth and Did- marton, and the Janettes from Mr. William Hewer, of
Seven- hampton, famous in its day for its dairy properties. Bulls from Lord
Sherbornes old herd, the Games and the Strattons, were originally used;
followed by sires of Bates and Knightley blood. Latterly they have been of
the Bates and Scotch strains. Cows in this herd have given 45 to 62 lbs.
of milk per day. Prince Frogmores Seal 48488 used in the herd was sire of
many prize-winners. Bulls have been sent annually to Birmingham for many
years, and have carried off prize-money, and realised good prices.
Mr. D. Arkells herd of Butlers Court, Lechlade, which was dispersed in
1906, was bred from the same foundations as that at Kempsford. The bulls
latterly used were, however, of different strains.
10.10 Messrs. Garnes’ herds

The Game family have been breeders in Gloucestershire since 1825. Mr.
Thomas Game was the son of Mr. William Game, who lived at Sherborne,
and did much to found the Cotswold breed of sheep. The family afterwards
removed to Aldsworth, and from there, in the year 1825, Mr. Thomas Game
went to occupy the exposed farm of Broadmoor on the northern side of the
valley. Like his ancestors, he loved good cattle, and he fortunately had the
friendship of Mr. Nathaniel Stilgoc, who stimulated his desire to breed the
then rising Shorthorn which Sir Charles Morgan and the Strickland family
had been the first to introduce to the district. Mr. Strickland had brought
from Durham the bull Cupid, a son of the Iooo-gs. Comet, of Ketton fame.
Mr. Stilgoe set Mr. Garne oing by selecting for him his first Shorthorn bull,
and he was in due time succeeded by Edgar, of Mr. Champions breeding.
Mr. Stilgoe found, after some years trial, that his farm was not suitable for
breeding, and he sold his best cows to Mr. Game, who also bought from his
landlord, Lord Sherborne, the heifer calf Pye, at a fortnight old, for 20 gs.
She proved a very fortunate purchase. Subsequently he got other females
from Lord Sherborne, whose stock was descended from Earl Spencers and
the leading herds in Nottinghamshire. Mr. Game now considered that he
had a sufficient foundation, and he never purchased any more females. Old
Rose, a splendid cow of great constitution, lived to seventeen years, was a
great milker, and had a numerous family. A dairyman in the neighbourhood
admired her so much that he gave 6o gs. for one of her sons. Mr. Game
bought Fairfax 2nd 8050, a son of Fairfax 1023, which was so highly esteemed
that he was used by Lord Sherborne and Mr. Hewer. A Fairfax cow was
the dam of Consul 1868, who came from Warwickshire, and was so good
that he and three of his sons were selected from the Broadmoor herd for
exportation to Australia. Mr. Game then used for a time bulls bred at
home from choice cows, one of which was by Fairfax. Harold 8131 was
bought from Lord Sherborne to introduce a new strain, and proved a good
sire. Mr. Game then bought from Mr. Fawkes Lord John 4259, a son of
the celebrated Norfolk, which Mr. Thomas Bates had selected as a cross
for his Duchesses. Lord Sherborne admired Lord John so much that he
sent a number of cows for service by him at gs. each. The well-known
herd of Mr. Parkinson supplied the next sire in Marchmont 9367, descended
from Mr. Robert Collings Sweetbrier by North Star, from which the noted
Flower tribe at Aylesby Manor was descended. From the herd of Lord Ducie
Mr. Game got two bulls, Fitz- hardinge, from one of Sir Charles Tempests
families, and Colchicum, from Maynards Laurestina tribe. Subsequently
Valiant, of the old Strickland blood, and Mr. Wileys Royal did very well.
Mr. Game went again to Mr. Fawkes, from whom he got Bashan i 2,449,
and General Pelissier. Later on Mr. Amblers herd supplied Royal Oak, a
grandson of Grand Turk, and from a cow of Mr. Henry Smiths breeding
by Captain Shaftoe. Mr. Game sometimes visited Mr. Richard Booth at
Warlaby, and was pleased with his herd, and being then anxious to get bulls
of Booth blood he went to Mr. Peel, of Knowlmere, and bought Gondomar
17,985, by Valasco, the sire of Commander-in-Chief. He left good stock, and
was followed by Cynric from the same herd. Buccaneer was subsequently
purchased from Mr. Peel. Before Buccaneer came to Broadmoor, however,
Royal Benedict was hired from Warlaby for two seasons by Mr. Thomas
Game and his son George. This excellent sire got first-rate stock. Mr.
Pawletts Royal Ranger, of the Fame tribe, was the last bull purchased.
The herd was carefully built up on a few female tribes. I he same bulls
were used over the whole herd, and occasionally some of the best bred at
home were employed. There was, accordingly, a general evenness of unifor-
mity in the herd. Mr. Thomas Game never went in strongly for showing, but
he exhibited at the local meetings with success. His son, Mr. George Game,
and other members of the family were very fortunate as winners at several
Royal shows with animals of the Broadmoor blood, and it may be added
that nearly the whole of the Churchill Heath herd was of the same blood.
Mr. Thomas Game was devoted to his herd, and watched their progress with
the greatest interest. In the cold situation at Broadmoor great constitution
was absolutely necessary, and hence wide chests, big ribs, and heavy coats
of hair were insisted upon. He would not give away size, and he paid close
attention to the milk-bag. Pedigree was highly valued, but form was the first
thing to be looked at and approved of. The Broadmoor cattle made a high
reputation in the Australian and Canadian colonies, and hence good buyers
10.10. MESSRS. GARNES’ HERDS 303
attended the sales. Mr. Thomas Game died on February 13th, 1873, in his
eighty-first year. His herd was sold in two portions. On May 23rd forty-one
head were disposed of. The heifers by Royal Benedict made the best prices.
Three were bought for Australia, one at 255 gs., and two went to Canada at
about 140 gs. each. Forty-one head averaged 63 13s. 3d. The remaining
portion was dispersed on October 7th, 1873. The Pye tribe sold well all
through both sales, and at the last sale a bull calf of that tribe fetched 200
gs. to Mr. A. Brassey. The sixty head averaged 55 uS. 3d. The entire herd
of 101 realized the good paying average of 58 17s., and thirty-two animals
of the favourite Pye tribe fetched over 82 each.
Mr. George Game, at Churchill Heath, who was a well- known judge,
and the late Mr. William Game and Mr. John Game, of Rissington, all kept
herds which were not only successful in the show-yards, but were the means
of distributing much good stock throughout the south-west of England.
Visitors at the old Cotswold Ram Sales invariably remarked that the
few Shorthorns at Aldsworth were of the same fine character as the sheep,
the sound judgment of the proprietor, Mr. Robert Game, being a guarantee
of their excellence. About seventeen years ago the herd was increased, and
his nephew, Mr. William T. Game, taken into partnership. At the Broad-
moor sale, in 1873, two of the best animals were purchased, and these were
increased by a few more judicious selections of old Gloucestershire strains.
In 1893 a visit was made to Scotland, and two bulls, Lord Harry 65,819,
and Wrestler 66,582, were purchased at Mr. Duthies sale; the following year
Now or Never 67,544, one of the best calves, was secured. Lord Harry and
Now or Never were both sons of Scottish Archer. Alastair 78,217, bred by
Lord Lovat, and got by Royal Star, was hired later from Mr. Duthie, and
other sires of Scotch breeding followed.
The herd that belonged to the late Mr. John Game, of Great Rissington,
was bred on the same lines, and, in a large measure, from the same strains
as those of his father and brothers. The old Pye tribe proved a most prolific
and valuable family. From Pansys descendants was bred that beautiful
white cow, Petted Pansy, winner of nearly fifty prizes and champions. There
were also descendants of the Broadmoor Rosamond and Novel, both tracing
from cows by Royal Benedict. The herd also contained a few animals of
the Bates blood, through the Foggathorpe tribe, and the late Mr. Bowlys
Maid of Oxford; and of the Knightley, through the Rosy tribe. The Great
Rissington herd was sold in 1897.
Mr. John Game, of Filkins, brother of the late Mr. Robert Game,
of Aldsworth, established his herd in May, 1873, by the purchase of Pink
of Fashion at the Broadmoor Sale for 8o gs.; afterwards Pink 27th and
Blooming Pink were bought from his kinsman. All were of the old Pye
tribe; in fact, when the herd was dispersed in 1901 it was entirely descended
from that family.
10.11 Other herds in England

In the following references to other herds it will be convenient to adopt
the alphabetical arrangement.
Adbolton
Started originally as a dairy stock for the supply of milk to Nottingham, Mr.
A. W. Hicklings herd at Adbolton has come much to the front of late, the
substitution of long-pedigreed cattle for the original animals having been
carried out by degrees. Big-framed cows combining milking properties with
flesh have been purchased from many of the principal herds, including those
owned by Earl Manvers, Lord Calthorpe, the late Mr. P. L. Mills, and others,
comprising specimens of the Wild Eyes, Game Pye, Barrington, Dorothy,
Clipper, Duchess, and other good tribes. Melton Baronet by Melton Victor
from a Waterloo cow, Millionaire and Lavender Royal, both owned by Earl
Manvers, and King Christian of Denmark 86,316, by King of Denmark from
a Countess Farewell th, have been the bulls principally used.
Adcote
Mr. A. E. W. Darbys herd at Adcote, dating back to the year 1875, contains
many fine specimens of Booth blood. The old Aylesby herd is represented by
several choice animals of the Bright and G tribes; the Killerby herd by some
Mantalinis and Georgies, and there are several descendants of the Windsor
Cold Creams of Knightley blood, the Leodines from Northumberland, the
Laurestinas from Cumberland, and other animals from the herds of the late
Mr. Hugh Aylmer, Mr. R. Chaloner, and Mr. Bruere of Yorkshire. Sires
were formerly l red from Warlaby, and others were obtained from Mr. R.
Pinder, Whitwell, the late Mr. John Game, Mr. Hugh Aylmer, Mr. R.
Stratton, and Mr. Alfred Ashworth.
Ascott
Mr. Leopold de Rothschilds herd at Ascott, near Leighton Buzzard, orig-
inated in the purchase, in the year 1897, of four cows of the Mayflower
and Sittyton Bride families from Mr. Robert Turner, Cairnton of Boyndie.
These four animals were soon after sold, and Bates and Cruickshank females
of good type substituted, among the principal tribes represented being the
Barrington, Wild Eyes, Kirklevington, Broadhooks, Clipper, Augusta, Or-
ange Blossom, Brawith Bud, and Selina. Among the more notable bulls
used in the herd have been Magistrate and Bapton Juan, both bred by Mr.
J. Deane Willis; Silver Mint by Silver Plate, bred by Mr. William Duthie;
and Robert Bruce by Golden Flash, bred by Mr. Bruce, Inverquhomery.
Royal Eclipse 87,179, by Bapton Favourite, dam by Wanderer, is now the
10.11. OTHER HERDS IN ENGLAND 305
principal stock bull. Many prizes have been won by the herd, and a good
foreign demand for bulls has been experienced. Among the prizes won, Sit-
tyton Bride was second and Mayflower was first at the Royal at Birmingham
in 1898, the latter having been also first at Maidstone in 1899; Silver Mint
79,968, was third at Carlisle in 1902, and Ladys Slipper first at Park Royal
in 1905.
Alnwick Park
Shorthorns have been kept at Aluwick Park by the Dukes of Northumber-
land for upwards of three- quarters of a century. About i8 o a number of
animals were sent up from the Stanwick Park estate in Yorkshire, and laid
the foundation of the Cherry, Daisy, and Dale families. These were of the old
Lax blood. Sires of Bates and Booth strains were at first used. Mr. Chrisps
Phcenix io,6o8, first prize winner at the Royal Show at Lewes in 1852, was
also iii service. From the old-established herds of Messrs. Angus and Atkin-
son in the county additions were made. In 1875 Fitz Roland 33,936, was
purchased for the Earl of Tankerville for 370 guineas, and was hired for the
Ainwick herd for two seasons. Bulls were also hired from Mr. Booth, of
Warlaby. The Lenton blood was brought in, and also that from Inglewood.
The herd is famous for the Cowslip, Stanwick Daisy, Dale, Crofton Rosebud,
Angus Gaiety, Angus Cherry, Rose, Fare- well, Bright, Millicent, Sowerby,
Clipper, Marigold, and Clara families. Prizes were won at the Royal Shows
at Liverpool in 1877, Preston in 1885, Windsor in 1889, Warwick in 1892,
and up to Lincoln, 1907. The prize lists of this and other shows have in-
cluded many animals bred in this grand old herd. From 1875 to 1899 the
best Warlaby-bred sires were chiefly used. Since then they have been prin-
cipally of Sc ch strains bred by Mr. Duthie. Amongst these have been
such bulls as The Leader 66,428, Pride of Princes 77,456, Pride of Freedom
73,241, Scottish Mint 93,369, also Sir Augustus 90,153 of Jnverquhomery
blood. These have been used with much success, and the best specimens
bred in the herd have also been employed. The management has been in
the hands of the late Mr. Patten, and his son, Mr. John Patten, ever since
the herd was established.
Babraham
The Babraham herd, the property of Mr. C.R. W. Adeane, was founded
in 1896 by the purchase of deep milking cows from the herds of Mr. B.
Read, Mr. G. F. King, Mr. A. B. Corrie, Mr. A. Dobson, Mr. E. Ecroyd,
Mr. J.Game, and Mr. G. Taylor. As the object was to supply a dairy
xvith large quantities of milk, only such cows as could give a very heavy
weight of milk were retained. The bulls used in the herd have always been
selected from strains known for their dairy qualities. Among them have
been Edwin 70,370, bred by Mr. W. Atkinson from the noted cow Emblem;
Crystal Count 76,457, bred by Mr. G. F. King; Golden Noble 78,986, a
son of Crystal Count out of a Game Pye cow; Red Lord 15th, bred by Mr.
J. T. Hobbs from a cow that gave 8720 lbs. of milk ; Fairy Prince 81,020,
by. Wanderers Prince; and Prince Pericles 24th 86,953, bred by Sir Nigel
Kingscote from Prudish 9th, a cow that gave 9050 lbs. of milk in nine
months.
Badminton
Shorthorns have been kept at the Home Farm, Badminton, by Mr. H.
Butler and his father, and the late Mr. John Thompson, for upwards of half
a century. The old Bates blood, for which the district has so long been cele-
brated, has been adhered to, but of late years it has been judiciously blended
with the fashionable Scotch strains, the object being to breed animals of
large scale, easy and quick feeders, with large milking properties, to supply
the milk factory at Chippenham. The herd has comprised representatives
of the Wild Eyes and Princess tribes, as well as Lord Polwarths Wave branch
of the old Waterloos; also the late Mr. Bowlys favourite Gazelle and Musical
tribes, Mr. Edmonds Fairies, Mr. Arkells Frosts, Mr. G. F. Kings Anemones
from Somersetshire, and the well-known old Gloucestershire Ursula, Niblett,
and Match tribes. Mr. Cruickshank bought his Lavenders from Mr. Henry
Butlers father at the sale in 1870.
Bartlow House
Rev. C. H. Brocklebanks herd at Bartlow House, near Cambridge, was
commenced in 1897, and includes specimens of the Grand Duchess, Air-
drie Duchess, Oxford, Kirklevington, Wild Eyes, Barrington, Waterloo, and
other tribes. The sires used have been Sir Gywnne 75,669, King Albert
81,373, Duke of Dorset 6th 88,453, Northop Cambridge Duke 84,243, and
Prince Belvedere 76,494.
Baurgh Syke and Aikbank

The herd at Baurgh Syke was founded in 1867 by Mr. John Barnes, who in
1891 divided it between his two sons, Joseph and John. By careful selection
and breeding, with good management, the herd obtained a high position in
Cumberland, and won a large number of prizes. The Bridekirks, one of the
most numerous and well-known families, were purchased in 1879 from Mr.
Hall, of Cross Canonby, and produced several first-class bulls that became
prize-winners at Birmingham and at the county shows. High-class bulls have
been used. Mr. John W. Barness herd was established at Aikbank in 1891,
and is principally of Scotch strains, comprising Rosemarys, Charlottes, and
Miss Ramsdens.
Beaumont Grange
Beaumont Grange, near Lancaster, is a well-known Shorthorn farm. Mr.
Bateman, in 1900, brought with him many of his good dairy cows which were
formerly kept at Ackenthwaite. Some animals were afterwards obtained from
Messrs. Thompson, of The Lound, Kendal, and from Mr. A. J. S. Johnstone
at Halleaths. Many noted winners in dairy classes have come from this herd.
Banacre
Sir Thomas Goochs herd at Benacre, Suffolk, was selected from some of the
leading breeders. Purchases were made at His Majestys sale at Windsor;
also from the Earl of Powis, Sir Walter Thorburn, Sir John Gilmour, Bart.,
and Mr. Victor Cavendish, of Holker, so that they combine fine old English
strains with the favourite Scotch blood. The milking properties have been
studied. z
Berkeley Castle
At Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, a fine herd of Bates cattle has been
kept since the late Lord Fitzhardinge, who was an excellent judge, inherited
this historical estate. In 1868 purchases were made at the dispersion of
Mr. Stiles Richs herd at Didmarton, including Waterloo 32nd at 360 gs.,
whose son, Grand Duke of Waterloo 28,766, was extensively used. Dora,
of the old Darlington tribe, another famous cow, came at 240 gs. from the
sale of Sir John Rolt, who got her from Kingscote; she was the ancestress
of the Dowagers, whilst the Wisdoms of the Wild Eyes tribe trace their
descent from Winsomedale, purchased by Lord Fitzhardinge at the Underley
Sale, 1864, for 650 gs. There are representatives of the Nibletts, an old
Gloucestershire family, with one of which, Rugia Niblett, Lord Fitzhardinge
won the first prize for cows at the R.A.S.E. Show at Bristol, 1878. In
i886 at Sandringham, Lady Blanche Rose was purchased for 230 gs.; she
became the ancestress of a numerous family, and occasionally a few other
animals were bought when the herds of good practical breeders in the neigh-
bourhood was dispersed. The bulls at Berkeley have been animals of the
highest reputation. After Grand Duke of Waterloo had been in service, the
celebrated bull Duke of Connaught 33,604, was bought at the Dunmore Sale,
1875, for 4500 gs.; he was used until his death, in his thirteenth year, and left
many remarkable animals, including Kirklevington Empress 3rd, first-prize
heifer at the Royal at Bristol; also Lady Wild Eyes th, first-prize heifer at
the Royal Shows at Kilburn, 1879, and at Carlisle, i88o; as well as Dowager
2nd, second-prize heifer at Kilburn. Prince Airdrie 48,472, of the Princess
tribe, second-prize bull at Doncaster, was purchased from Sir R. Gunter; and
Barrington Duke 50,859, from San- driogham, in i886. Following the fashion
of the time, the massive bull Leonidas 59,260, bred by Mr. Cruickshank, was
hired from Mr. Foljambe, of Osberton; his son, Lord Osberton 62,913, from
Pamela, a magnificent roan prize cow, was also used. Another son, Dolphin
63,873, bred at Berkeley, from Dowager i ith, was in service in 1896, as well
as Mountain Victor 67,520, bred by Mr. Deane Willis from Victoria 83rd.
Mr. James Peter, estate manager to Lord Fitzhardinge, contributed to the
Breeders Gazette (Chicago), 1903, a graphic account of the Dunmore Sale
in 1875, and the purchase of Duke of Connaught, in the course of which he
wrote: Not only as a financial speculation, but as a breeding animal, Duke
of Connaught achieved a greater success than any animal I ever had through
my hands. During the whole of the eleven years of his life at Berkeley he
never had 4 iys illness until he was struck down with paralysis in May, 1886,
full of years and honours. As a sire he was unsurpassed by any bull of his
time; although he did not get bulls of extraordinary merit, as a sire of heifers
he was remarkable, stamping them one and all with an indelible imprint of
Bates style and quality that would go far to convert the veriest unbeliever
in the gospel of prepotency of the herd of Thomas Bates of Kirklevington.
The victories of his stock at the Royal Agricultural and other shows brought
cows to be mated with him from all parts of the country at a fee that was
never less than 50 gs.; in so great a demand was he that in fees alone he
earned no less than 4668 gs., or more than his actual cost. From the few non-
pedigree cows that were mated with him his calves were alike remarkable for
excellence; and this induces the thought of what an acquisition such a bull
would prove to a would-be winner of the blue ribbon of the car-load contest
at the Chicago International.
Birdsall
LOrd Middletons herd at Birdsall, in York- shire, has been in existence

since the latter end of the seventies, when representatives of the Duchess,
Waterloo, Kirklevington, and other pure Bates tribes were procured from
Mr. H. Lovatt, Earl Beauchamp, Lord Hindlip, Mr. Botterill, Mr. W. T.
Carrington, and others. The produce of these cattle were at first mated
with Bates bulls, among which were Knight of Oxford L 2th, and Tregunter
Waterloo. In recent years the bulls used in the herd have mostly been of the
best Scotch strains. The herd has long enjoyed a reputation for the typical
bulls bred in it, many of which have realised high prices both at home and
abroad. One of the most successful sires of late has been Aaron by Look
Ahead, that traces back to Mr. Tindalls celebrated stock. The Birdsall
cows are large-framed typical Shorthorns, possessed of deep milking qualities
besides aptitude to fatten. Animals bred in the herd have been successfully
exhibited, many prizes having been won at leading shows.
Bletchley Park
The herd owned by Mr. Herbert S. Leon at Bletchley Park, Bucking-
hamshire, was formed in the year 1900 by the purchase in Scotland of two
cows, Roan Lady by Lord Douglas and descended from the Kinaldie Myrtles,
and Princess by Matadore. Cows of the Augusta, Red Rose, Queen, Myrtle,
Missie, Silence, and Lancaster tribes were soon added from the herds of Mr.
J. McWilliam. Mr. J. Bruce, Mr. J. Durno, Messrs. W. and J. W. Peterkin,
Messrs. A. W. and A. M. Law, Mr. W. Duthie, and other Scotch breeders.
Scotch-bred bulls have been used, among them being Silver Mint 79,968,
by Silyer Plate out of a Missie cow; Royal Victor 75,552, by Nonpareil Vic-
tor; Buckingham 85,465, by Royal Star; Uppermill Challenger 87,608, by
Baron Beaufort out of one of the Cruickshank Emmas; and Bletchley Chief
85,368,byCount 76,422. Many prizes have beenwon by the herd, and a large
number of cattle have been exported from it.
Bore Place
The Bore Place herd, the property of Messrs. F. A. and E. H. M. Denny,
was founded by the late Mr. E. M. Denny, in 1902. Females were obtained
from Cumberland and Yorkshire, as well as animals of the Inglewood blood.
Others came from Mr. Bell, Ratcheugh; also from Mr. R.Davidson, of
Jedburgh, and other Scotch breeders. Most of the present members of the
herd are of Scotch origin, but there are also specimens of the Armathwaite
Butterfly, Gloucestershire Pye, Crocus, and Musical tribes. One of the first
bulls used was Bletchley Mint, bred by Mr. H. S. Leon, by Silver Mint
79,968. Primrose Pride by Star of Morning was used for a season, and left
some good stock, being followed by Ascott Constellation by Silver Mint out
of Grove Ursula by Cashier. In May, 1907, a sale of forty-five animals from
this herd averaged 1767 I 5s. 2d. each, the females making an average of
1774 I 3S. each.
Brackenburgh Tower
Since the dispersion of the Killhow and Underley herds, that at Calthwaite,
now kept at Brackenburgh Tower, Carlisle, belonging to Mr. J. Harris, has
become one of the leading Bates herds in the North of England. It was
started about twenty-six years ago with the purchase of a fine young bull,
Great Orme 44,903, from Mr. Foster, of Killhow. Some specimens of the
Oxford tribe, and the young bull Duke of Holker 7th 49,456, were afterwards
selected from the Duke of Devonshires herd at Holker. Purchases were sub-
sequently made of choice animals of Bates blood when first-class herds came
into the market, viz, at the late Hon. Baillie Hamiltons, at Melrose; Sir
Robert Loders, at Whittlebury; Mr. A. H. Lloyds, at Bletchingley, Surrey;
as well as at Killhow, Inglewood, Armathwaite, Brougham, Eden Grove, and
other important sales. When on the death of the Earl of Bective, in 1893,
the entire Underley herd was dispersed, the best animals of the Duchess
tribe were bought for Calthwaite, including Duchesses of Holker 3rd and 5th,
and Duchess 127th. To introduce a little fresh blood without upsetting the
current of the favourite old Bates strains, sires were used of the celebrated
Red Rose family, which had not been directly introduced by old breeders for
many years. In selecting these fine animals attention was paid to the good
udders of the cows, so that the herd obtained a considerable reputation for
milk. Vrizes were won at the Royal Show at Nottingham with pure-bred an-
imals in the dairy classes, and a number of milking prizes have been won at
Carlisle and Penrith; whilst at the Penrith Bull Shows the young bulls have
generally been successful. At the Royal Show at York Empress 12th was
first and reserve for the championship, and at Park Royal in 1903 Duchess
36th secured the first prize. At a sale of a portion of the herd in 1907 twelve
Duchesses averaged f 192.
Brougham
The herd belonging to Lord Brougham and Vaux was established at Brougham,
Penrith, in 1887, the animals having been selected from the leading herds
of that period. Further additions were made when first-class herds were
dispersed. These included the famous Royal herds at Windsor and San-
dringham, also the Holker, Underley, Ingle- wood, Armathwaite, and others
well known in the North. Purchases were also made at Lord Lovats sale
at Beauly, and at Mr. J. Bruces at Inverquhomery, as well as from Mr.
Deane Willis in Wiltshire, and Mr. Reads and Mr. Hulberts dairy herds
in Somersetshire and Gloucestershire. From the finest of these cows several
first-class bulls were bred and used in the herd. Many of these bulls were
sold at satisfactory prices to South America and abroad. The celebrated sire
Stoneytown Pride 77,972, bred by Mr. J. McWilliam, Banif- shire, was in
service; he was used by Mr. Joseph Barnes, in whose hands he and his stock
twice successfully competed at the York Sale for the Hundred Guineas
Gold Cup; also in 1904, when Mr. Barnes finally won the Cup, two of the
three young bulls were by Stoneytown Pride. Showing has not been made a
feature, but on the few occasions when exhibits have been made, prizes have
been won at the Highland Society, the Yorkshire and Lancashire Sho vs; also
at the local shows in Westmoriand and Cumberland.
Burghley Park
The herd at Burghley, Stamford, has been maintained by the Marquises of
Exeter for many years, entries having been made in the first volume of the
Herd Book. The third Marquis attended the sale of Mr. Harvey Combes
herd at Cobham Park in i859. Mr. Higgs was the agent at Burghley, and
when Mr. Walton became farm steward, with John Hill as herdsman, quite a
new era dawned at Burghley. Previously the herd had been kept more for the
dairy, though first-class bulls were always used, some of them having been
obtained from Mr. Unthank, and Mr. Booths Royal Buck was hired. A few
really good cows, large-framed, roomy animals were bought by Mr. Walton,
and they were much admired by Lincolnshire breeders. Mr. Rowland Wood,
it may be remarked, bred his famous Crystal Palace steer from Burghley
stock previous to Mr. Waltons time. In 1864 there was purchased for the
Burghley herd Fourth Duke of Thorn- dale 17,750, from Mr. Hales for 410
gs., and he did much good. Selections of the old Gwynne blood were also
made, and these, blended with the old Burghley Innocence line, produced
the renowned prize-bull Telemachus 27,603, winner of over iooo in prizesin
fact, it is understood that he was the first bull that gained over iooo of
prize-money at the shows. The Telemachus bulls were numbered, and the
6th was a Royal winner, while the 9th gained the Champion prize of ioo as
the best male at the International Show at Kilburn in 1879. Sea Gull was
winner of the o family prize at the same show. From 1868 to i 88o upwards
of 4000 was won for years at the leading shows. Occasional sales took place,
and at one of these an average of upwards of 50 gs. was obtained.
Burn Hall
The herd of Mr. Henry Salvin at Burn Hall, Durham, was established in
1903, when the small herd of one of his tenants (Mr. Nesbitt) was taken over.
The animals were the produce of a cow, Nelly, bought from the late Mr. A. L.
Maynard, of Newton Hall, near Durham. This cow was a descendant of Lucy
Colling, by Comet i , which when a two-year-old heifer was sold at Charles
Collings sale in i8io for 132 gs. to Mr. C. Wright, Cleasby. Mr. Nesbitt had
the privilege of using the stock bulls of the late Mr. Joseph Fryer, Smelt
House, and was also the owner of Wild Duke of Geneva i 24th, and Lord
of Wortle, a Scotch-bred bull. Mr. Salvin bought from Mr. Nesbitt seven
of the Nelly family, and subsequently made purchases at various sales, so
that the herd now contains, in addition to the Nellys, Musicals, Wild Eyes,
Honeys, Barmpton Roses, Cowslips, Lady Sarabs, Didos, Certaintys, Angus
Cherrys, Ruths, Medoras, Farewells, Carnations, Fleur de Lis, Graces, etc.,
and numbers about sixty females.
Buscot Park
This herd, belonging to Sir Alexander Henderson, Bart., which has been in
existence about seventeen years, was founded by purchases from the Royal
farms at Windsor and Sandringham; also from the late Duke of Devon-
shire at Holker, Lord Fitzhardinge at Berkeley, Lord Rosebery at Dalmeny,
as well as from the stocks bred by Messrs. Game, Edmonds and Hobbs in
Gloucestershire. Bulls from the late Mr. W. S. Marrs herd at Uppermill,

Aberdeenshire, were used. Wanderers Prince 78,io , purchased when a calf
seven months old for i 8o gs., proved a most fortunate investment, especially
when crossed with the large-framed cows of the old Bates strain, of which
the herd contains a large number of grand animals. His stock have been
exhibited with success. Baron Buscot 80,407; his son, Mr. J.T. Hobbs
Quicksilver 81st, won several prizes, and was placed first at the first R.A.S.E.
Show at Park Royal, 1903, where he was sold privately for the Argentine,
where he made a remarkably high price.
Catthorpe Towers
The Catthorpe herd of pure-bred dairy Shorthorns has been widely known.
The milk is all measured, and a record of it kept, any inferior milkers being
drafted: It has been bred from the old-established herds of Earl Spencer,
Mr. Beasley, and Mr. John Cooper in North- amptonshire, as well as from
Messrs. Evans herd in Shropshire, and Mr. Ashworths and Mr. Chesters
herds in Cheshire. The sires have been high-class bulls in which Bates blood
has prevailed.
Capheaton
The noted herd at Capheaton, Northumber- land, the property of Sir John
Swinburne, Bart.., was founded over thirty years ago, a few animals having
then been bought from Sir Robt. Gunter at Wetherby. At the Holker Sale in
1878, Grand Duchess of Oxford 38th was purchased for 1450 gs. The Water-
loos came from Sir W. C. Trevelyans sale at Wallington, six of this valuable
strain having been then acquired, while Waterloo 23rd was bought from
Mr. Anger- stein. Of the Wild Eyes tribe, choice specimens were bought at
Shotley, and Holker Princesses came from Underley, and Barringtons from
Mr. Robarts herd. The Foggathorpes were a late introduction, also the Red
Roses. The Vedas came through Mr. Robert Bruce from Aberdeenshire,
and are full of Cruickshank blood. The herd now consists of the Oxford,
Waterloo, Wild Eyes, Foggathorpe, and Vedas families. The sires have been
selected at considerable cost from the best breeders. They have included
Dukes of Oxford 27th, 48th, and 69th, Duke of Barrington 8th, Dentsman
3rd, Duke of Sittyton, Royal Shape, Chieftain, and Lord St. Clair. For
many years the young bulls have been sold annually at York, where they
have been admired for their rich colour, substance, and quality.
Carwin Farm
Mr. W. J. Hoskens herd was established more than fifty years ago by the
owners grandfather at Carwin Farm, Hayle, Cornwall, in a distant corner
of the kingdom, within a few miles of Penzance, from the best breeders of
that period. It was brought to great perfection by the late Mr. Samuel
Hosken, who not only added to it the Baronesses, Gwynnes, Waterloos,
and Wild Eyes Tribes, but improved and brought out the Countesses and
Duchesses (both of which were of the same tribe as the Gwynnes) to the
highest perfection by the use of first-class bulls, viz. Prince Frederick 16,374,
from Mr. Langstons herd; Duke of Oxford 33rd 36,528, from Holker; Grand
Duke 34th 41,642, from the Earl of Bective; and Duke of Tregunter ioth
54,224, from Col. Gunter, of Wetherby, Yorks. The herds of Mr. Richard
Stratton and Mr. J. Deane Willis supplied the bulls Treforrest 63,452, and
Monocrat 67,505. As far back as 1871 the herd began to be shown. Exhibits
have been made at the Royal, the Bath and West of England meeting, and
at the three county shows of Cornwall, Devon, and Somerset. In evidence of
the well-sustained merit of the herd since the death of Mr. Hoskens father
in 1898, it may be mentioned that at the Royal at York, 1900, first and
champion prize was awarded to Countess of Oxford 14th, whilst her son,
New Years Gift, who had been first at the Bath and West of England, was
awarded second prize in a large class of yearlings; he was then sold for a
large sum to Mr. J. T. Hobbs, at Maiseyhampton, Gloucestershire. At the
Birmingham Shows the herd has held a very high position.
Castle Hill
Mr. T. Holfords herd at Papillon Hall, Market Harborough, was composed
chiefly of the most valuable strains of Bates blood. They were selected from
the herds at Holker, Dunmore, Underley, Lathom, and Shole- broke, also
at Lord Penrhyns, Sir G. R. Philips, Mr. Cheneys, Mr. Faxvcetts, Mr.
Geo. Moores, and Mr. Sheldons sales. Four animals were purchased by
Mr. Holford when he attended the celebrated New York Mills Sale, in 1873,
among them Third Duchess of Oneida, besides Lady Worcester 4th (bred
by Mr. Harward and exported to America by Mr. J. 0. Sheldon in 1870),
and her daughter Lady Worcester 5th, by Fourth Duke of Geneva 30,958.
These, as well as Winsome 12th (and their calves), represented the Wild
Eyes tribe. The herd also contained Baroness Oxford 3rd, by Duke of Hill-
hurst, of the Oxford tribe from Holker, and her produce; several specimens
of the Waterloos, Duchess Nancys, Gwynnes, Js., Charmers, and Walnuts
of the Knightley blood, and several Didos descended through the Weston
Park herd from the good old sort of Mr. Bellamy of Warwick, and crossed
with Grand Duke and Cherry Duke bulls. The sires have been in keeping
with the high character of these fashionable dams. The herd was removed
to Castle Hill, Dorsetshire, in 1873. In 1878, and again in 1883, at Cas-
tle Hill, large portions vere sold at averages of nearly 200 each. In 1897
the farm was let, and the herd sold at Sherborne. A year or two later it
was proposed to re-establish another first-class herd, bred somewhat on the
old Bates lines. Two handsome roan cows, Horsted Rose 6th, by Cam-
bridge Duke 26th, and Horsted Rose 12th, both descended from Ileydon
Rose ith by Lord Fitzhardinges 4500-gs. bull, Duke of Connaught 33,604,
were purchased when Mr. F. Barchards herd at Horsted Place, Sussex, was
dispersed in 1898. The same year Melton Wellingtonia and Blithfield Belle,
both of the Waterloo tribe, were purchased at Mr. Jonas Webbs sale at
Melton Ross, Lincoinshire. There were also specimens of the Duchess, Ox-
ford, and Gwynne tribes. The farm was let in 1904, when the herd was sold.
Mr. Holford again resumed breeding high-class Shorthorns, and his herd
now comprises Duchesses, Oxfords, Waterloos, Princesses, Kirklevingtons,
Barringtons, Gwynnes, Grand Duchesses, and Cambridge Roses.
Chedglow Manor
Mr. Hugh Bakers herd at Chedglow Manor, Malmesbury, is a continuation

of that established by the late Mr. W. Peacey, about 1854, from the old
stocks at Apperley Court, Didmarton, Kingscote, and Siddington, purchases
having also been made from Mr. Thomas Game, Broadmoor, and Mr. R.
Stratton, Broadhinton. At Mr. W. Peaceys death, 1887, the herd was
taken over by his nephew Mr. W. R. Peacey, who made purchases from
the Windsor herd, also from Mr. W. J. Edmonds. The herd was full of
Bates blood, and contained representatives of the Blanche, Babraham, Celia,
Musical, Rose of Oxford, and other favourite families. In 1900, on Mr.
Peaceys retirement, the famous herd was sold to Mr. Baker, by whom it has
been carefully bred. Bapton Crown, purchased from Mr. W. T. Game, and
bred by Mr. Deane Willis, has proved a remarkably impressive sire. Many
of his stock have been winners, and he is considered one of the best old
sires now in use.
Cowley Manor
Mr. James Horlick laid the foundation of his herd about the year 1900, by
the purchase of characteristic Shorthorns from Mr. Frank Butt, the late
Mr. John Game, Mr. XV. T. Game, the late Sir Thos. Makins, Mr. J. T.
Hobbs, Mr. George Taylor, and Lord Sherborne. Cattle of long pedigree and
deep milking properties were sought, and were crossed with bulls of Scotch
descent the more recent of which are Gold Plate, bred by Mr. W. Duthie, by
Union Jack out of a cow by Silver Plate; and Collynie Coronet by Scottish
Fancy, dam Princess May by Highland Chief. At the Uppermill Sale last
year Roan Monarch by Violets Royal was purchased for use in the herd.
Previously to the above the bull Edward 7th was used, and did much good
in the herd. Prizes have been won at the principal shows, one of the most
successful animals exhibited being the cow Sherborne Ruth, a daughter of
Scottish Monarch.
Charford Manor
At Charford Manor, Downton, Wilts., Professor John Wrightson commenced
a herd in 1897, the families being from Mr. W. S. Bennetts Sunshade by
Bright Banner 58,553; Clipper by Bright Banner; Fairy, descended from Fay
by Duke of Oxford 4th, 11,387; and Beauty, tracing from Mr. R. W. Lynes
Beauty by Fitzroy 57,324. The sires used have been Invaluable 65,687, Carey
Prince 85,523, Prince Edward 86,914, Prince George 86,917, and Rustic
Prince.
Church Farm
Mr. B. Read and his ancestors have occupied the New Barn Farm on the
Chewton Keynsham Estate for upwards of one hundred and twenty years.
The late Mr. Thomas Read got together a very noted herd of dairy cows,
and at his death, in 1888, they were sold as ordinary dairy cows at an average
of /26 5S., the three-year-olds realising 24 I 5s., and the two-year-olds and
yearlings /21 ios., at a period when cattle were selling very low. Mr. B.
Reads herd at Church Farm, Cam, Dursley, has been bred from much of
the old stock, to which were added a few animals from the herds of Messrs.
Stratton, Mr. Edmonds of Southrop, and Mr. Hobbs of Maiseyhampton.
The Fancys, Jeannies, and Norahs were very prolific, and have furnished
prize-taking families in the dairy classes at the Somersetshire shows. The
herd had a wide reputation, not alone for its fine, large-framed, handsome
cows, with their splendid udders, but for the excellent young bulls that were
successfully exhibited and sold at good prices at Birmingham.
Clapton
The Clapton herd was founded by Mr. Row- land Woods father in 1846
from the Marquis of Exeters, Mr. Stopford Sackvilles, and other fine herds
in the county of Northampton. Representatives of these old herds are found
in the Louisa, Mayflower, and Laura tribes. From Clapton xvent also many
noted prize animals, and the steers for several years were most successful
at the Oakham, Birmingham, and Smithfield Club Shows. The sires used
were mostly of Bates blood. In 1875, after the death of Mr. Rowland
Wood, the bulk of the old herd was dispersed. His son, the present owner,
has since successfully carried on the herd. He added some animals of the
Towneley Vestris and Alice Butterfly tribes, from which descended the bull
Reliance, sold for 550 gs. to Mr. D. Maclennan. The Brilliants, an old family
originally from Mr. Mark S. Stewart, of Dumfries, came from Mr. H. R.
Eyers herd in Dorsetshire; others were descended from Captain Duncombes
Sea Mist, and the Creakes, a thick-fleshed tribe, are from the late Mr. R.
Bygott, Fakenham, Norfolk. Bulls of Bates blood were continued, but in
1883 Kinsman 49,828, was bought from Mr. R. Weisted of co. Cork, and
proved most impressive. Sires from Sittyton, Mr. Fryer, Mr. Ecroyd, Mr. J.
Morton, and Sir John Swinburne have also been used. It has been the custom
to support the local shows, and bulls only, and not females, exhibited. Prizes
have frequently been won with bulls at Birmingham.
Colston Bassett
The herd was commenced by Mr. R. Millington Knowles at Coiston Bassett
Hall, Nottinghamshire, in 1903, and consists of the Lady Mary, Clemency,
Blanche, Broadhooks, Wild Duchess of Geneva, Bridecake, and Claribel
families, the sires used having been Waddesdon Cardinal 85,016, and the
prize bull Handicraft 88,802. Cows have also been sent to Mr. Hicklings
King Christian of Denmark 86,3 i6.
Coombeslade
The herd belonging to Messrs. Dyke Brothers at Coombeslade, Banbury,
was established in 1892 by their father, Mr. R. H. Dyke, who was for many
years steward to Mr. H. J. Sheldon, at Brailes. It comprises Barring- tons,
Charmers, Gwynnes, Red Roses, and Fawsleys, most of which are descended
from the old Brailes stock. The sires have been carefully selected, and prizes
have been won at Birmingham, high prices having been made at the sales
there.
Cragside
At Cragside, near Rothbury, Lord Arm- strong has a very choice herd, chiefly
descended from Mr. Cheneys Wild Oxford, these being known as the Wild
Duchesses of Geneva. When the last catalogue was issued the herd con-
tained twenty-five specimens of this family, of which six heifers were sold
at Gaddesby at an average of over 400 gs. Excellent bulls have been used,
chiefly of Bates strains, this blood having been strongly infused into the
herd, a number of Oxford bulls having been used. Oliver 67,550, bred by
the Duke of Marlborough, was one of the most successful sires.
Cranford
Mr. George Taylors herd of Shorthorns at Cranford, Middlesex, is the largest
pure bred dairy herd in the south of England. It was originally started in
Somersetshire about 1878, where it won prizes and obtained a high reputa-
tion. In 1891 Lord Fitzhardinges two farms at Cranford were occupied, and
the best of the cows were taken up with a view of establishing a large first-
class dairy near London. It numbers from 150 to 200. Milk returns have
been kept for many years, and these show large yields, while animals have
been very successful in dairy classes. The milking qualification for the cows
in the herd is that they must yield at least 700 gallons. The blood selected
has been of the best Bates strains. The herd comprises a number of the
well-known Duchess, Oxford, Barrington, Waterloo, Wild Eyes, Darlington,
Foggathorpe, Musical, and Knightley tribes. The Wild Eyes came from Lord
Moretons herd. Other animals were selected from the well-known herds of
Messrs. Evans, in Shropshire; Mr. Jonas Webb, in Lincoinshire; as xvell
as from the late Mr. John Thompson and Mr. H. Butler, of Badminton.
Among the sires used have been Regulus 42,270, bred by Mr. J. Stratton;
Lord Somerset ioth 48,249; Horsted Duke 6th by Cambridge Duke 26th;
Duke of Cumberland ioth 72,395, and Beau Sabreur 74,049, bred by the
Right Hon. F. J. S. Foljambe, by Leonidas from a Knightley cow possessed
of great milking properties.
Crewe Hall
The herd belonging to the Earl of Crewe was started several years ago with
the object of encouraging the dairy industry and improving the live stock
among the tenantry in the county. Purchases were made in 1896 at the
Royal farm at Sandringham; afterwards from Mr. G. F. King and Mr. B.
Reads celebrated dairy herds at Keynsham, Somersetshire; from Mr. J. P.
Cross at Catthorpe, Leicester- shire; Mr. H. Wyatt at Aylesbury; as well
as from good dairy herds in Lancashire and Cumberland. By the use of
suitable sires the herd has been very consistently bred with the object of
perpetuating good milking strains.
Dowsby Hall, Bourne.

The herd of Messrs. S. E. Dean and Sons, of Dowsby Hall, Bourne, and
Heath House, Nocton, xvas founded in the year 1887, and has been most
carefully bred, purchases having from time to time been made from the
oldest strains of pure Bates cattle. Cambridge Duke 30th 60,441 was pur-
chased from Mr. C. R. Lynn at a high figure in 1890, and proved himself a
most impressive sire. Scotch sires of the very best strains have been carefully
selected for the last few years. The noted bull Imperial Favourite 86,233,
which cost 700 guineas when six months old, at Mr. Marrs sale in 1903,
and xvas champion at the Peterborough Show against all ages, was used for
several years. The principal tribes are the Duchesses, Oxfords, Thorndale
Roses, Waterloos, Wild Eyes, Lady Dorothys, and Kirklevingtons.
Digswell House
Mr. A. Dyke Acland, who maintains a herd at Digswell House, Welwyn,
laid the foundation of the present herd by the purchase of two heifers from
Lord Roths- child. To these were added females obtained from the herds of
Earl Manvers, the Earl of Lathom, Mr. A. J. Robarts, the Messrs. Game,
Mr. J. T. Hobbs, Mr. J. P. Cross, Mr. Arthur Hiscock, and others. These
cattle included representatives of the Charmer, Star, Fanny, Quicksilver,
Blanche, Wild Eyes, Barrington, Waterloo, and other good families. The
bulls used in the herd since its foundation include Lord Kingscote Gwynne
6th 74,892, by Beau of Berkeley 69,965; Sir Arthur, bred by Lord Lovat by
Chance Shot 8o,66o; Duke of Barrington 84th by Carwin Lad 78,544, out
of Duchess of Barrington 40th by the 40th Duke of Barrington; and Mr. D.
Humes Sharpshooter 90,093. The cattle are big-framed, typical Shorthorns,
combining adaptability to fatten with milk- producing qualities.
Drayton Home Farm

Mr. J. A. Preeces extensive herd of pure-bred Shorthorns has been in exis-
tence since 1887, when the Drayton Home Farm was occupied. A large herd
was kept by Mr. W. B. Stopford Sackville, at Drayton House, as far back
as 1847, and several of the animals are descended from it. Purchases were
made from the well-known herd of the late Mr. H. J. Sheldon, of Brailes,
and Messrs. Evans, of Shropshire. These were principally of the Bates
Barrington, Waterloo, and the Knightley Charmer tribes, which have been
very prolific, the bulk of the herd being bred from these favourite families.
Subsequently purchases were made from Messrs. Game, Arkell, Hobbs, and
Freeman in Gloucester- shire; Messrs. Goucher and Nevett, in Shropshire;
Col. Sir Thos. Makins at Henley-on-Thames; and Mr. W. Jackson, of
Hitchin. The sires used have been bred by Mr. Morgan Richardson, Mr. W.
J. Hosken, Her Majesty the late Queen, Mr. W. Duthie, Mr. Deane Willis,
Mr. James Bruce, and others. The herd since the year 1892 has maintained
a very high position at the Birmingham spring shows, realising averages,
including prize-money, up to I’i6i 2s. in 1904. In thirteen years sixty-two
bulls averaged with their prizes over and the average of one hundred and
twenty sold works out at just 47, upwards of eighty-five prizes and honours
having been awarded, including first for the best five bulls bred by exhibitor
in 1899 and 1901; reserve for the best five in 1897 and 1900; and third prize
in 1904. Three highly successful sales have been held in 1901, 1904, and
1907.
Dumbleton
Mr. T. R. Hulberts herd was established in 1874, at North Cerney, when
six cows were purchased at the sale at Savernake Park, when the Marquis of
Ailesburys herd was dispersed, and which had been originally obtained from
the best dairy strains in Yorkshire. Four years later additional animals were
purchased at the celebrated sales at Didmarton and Siddington, and from
Mr. R. Stratton, The Duifryn, some heifers were also obtained, the object
being to raise a herd that would not only be great milkers, but come early
to maturity, and feed quickly to a great weight when dry. The herd now
consists chiefly of the Ailesbury and Stratton strains. In selecting the sires
for service particular attention has been paid to combine milk with natural
substance.
East Donyland and Fingringhoe Hall
Mr. D. A. Greens herd at East Donyland, near Colchester, was carefully

bred from the stocks of Lord Walsingham, Messrs. Webb, Barnard, Christy,
Collard, and others. Subsequently the herd contained specimens of the five
great Bates tribesDuchess, Oxford, Thorndale Rose, Waterloo, and Wild
Eyes. The East Donyland herd was dispersed. Mr. D. Abbott Green estab-
lished a herd in 1894 at Fingringhoe Hall, which was sold in 1907. He has
now some of the Roses of France and Scotch strains.
East Haddon
Mr. J. Coopers herd at East Haddon, in the heart of the Pytchley country,
was started in 1876, with purchases from Mr. J. Beasley, of Chapel Bramp-
ton, and Mr. Bagshaw, of Newton, two of the oldest breeders in North-
amptonshire. There are a number of the old and favourite J tribe, which
are lineally descended from Mr. Robt. Collings Princess, the ancestress of
the old Gwynne family. The Vestris sort were from from Mr. Drake, of
Shardeloes, Bucks. The Knightleys, of the Fawsley family, came from iVir.
Sheldon, of Brailes, and Capt. Ashby, of Naseby. There are also a few repre-
sentatives of the Duchess Sarahs from Althorp. The most numerous tribe is
the well-known Old Daisy, obtained from Mr. Basset, of Pilton, Barnstaple,
who had them from the late Rev. W. Holt Beever.
Eastleach
The Maces of Gloucestershire have been connected with Shorthorns since

848, when Mr. Thomas Mace occupied the farm at Sherborne, near North-
leach, at the time that Lord Sherbornes herd was dispersed. He kept good
cattle, chiefly of the Game blood, and the herd was sold in 1882, after
his death, at an average of f I I 4s. Mr. Thomas Mace, of Eastleach,
near Lechlade, a nephew of Mr. Mace, of Sherborne, has kept a herd for
a great number of years, nearly all the animals being descended from Lucy
by Colchicum 8963, which was one of the earliest cows owned by his uncle.
Cows of this tribe, generally known as Maces Butterflies, have produced
good bulls that have done yeoman service in other herds.
Eastover
Mr. Stephen H. Allens herd at Eastover, Andover, was established in 1874,
the tribes represented including the Meadow Flowers, Filleigh Kirkleving-
tons and Game Pyes. High-class sires have been used, the most recent being
Mr. Deane Willis Captain Lavender, Mr. Bassets Throne Room, and Lord
Middletons Birdsall Vagabond. Prizes have been won at Birmingham, and
very good prices obtained for the young bulls sold there.
Eden Grove
The herd belonging to Mr. W. Graham at Eden Grove was started in 1877
by the purchase of the Laurestina family from Mr. Lamb, of Burrell Green,
who obtained them from Mr. Saunders, of Nunwick Hall. Specimens of
this excellent tribe have been very successfully exhibited at the Royal and
County Shows. The herd has also contained many capital young cows and
heifers of the Farewell, Ringlet, and Queens, in all of which Booth blood pre-
dominates, as well as several representatives of Mr. Win. Lintons and the
late iVir. Robert Thompsons herds. First-class sires have always been used,
several of which were obtained from the Duke of Northumberlands herd at
Alnwick, among them Fairy King 62,570, first-prize bull at the Royal, the
Yorkshire, and Highland Societys Shows three years in succession, and af-
terwards sold at a high price for South America. Sir Hilde- brand Studley
67,920, purchased (as well as the beautiful white cow Lady Clementine Stud-
ley) at the Warlaby Sale, was also used. The tribes now represented are the
Laurestinas, Village Roses, Scotch Dorothys, Claras, etc.
Elstree
Mr. Donald Maclennan, Elstree, Herts, who has been so long and closely
associated with the export trade to South America, has, in addition to
purchasing many noted winners, occasionally exhibited at leading shows.
Among recent prizes gained at the Royal have beenat Maidstone in 1899,
with Estimation 72,487; Park Royal in 1903, with Viceroy 2nd 82,528, and
Golden Arrow.
Elvetham Park
Although a good herd of cattle- had existed for twenty years previously, the
foundation of Lord Calthorpes present herd at Elvetham Park, near Winch-
field, was laid in the year 1900 by the purchase of animals from the Wind-
sor, Sandringham, Bapton, and Waresley herds, as well as from Scotland
and Ireland. The existing herd is essentially Scotch in character, compris-
ing specimens of the Clipper, Augusta, Nonpareil, Miss Ramsden, Mysie,
Roan Lady, J essamine, Sycamore, and Wimple families, as well as a few
Waterloos and Ruths. The celebrated cow Sweetheart, female champion at

the Royal Show in 1907, was bought at Windsor, and contributed much to
the success of the herd. Elvetham Victor by Prince Victor; Sittyton Chieg
a bull descended from the dam of Field Marshal; Elvetham Monarch, one
of the sons of Sweetheart by Majestic; Bapton Champion by Silver Plate;
and Proud Edward by Royal Edward, are some of the bulls that have been
used. At a sale held in July, 1907, thirty-four head from this herd made an
average price of nearly 92.
Gainford Hall
Gainford Hall was in the early part of the last century the residence of
Mr. William Raine, whose entries will be found in the third volume of
the Herd Book; it was afterwards occupied by Mr. David Nesham, who
also bred Shorthorns on this historical farm. In 1896 it was taken by Mr.
George Harrison, his grandfather and uncle having lived on the Hartforth
farm when Col. Cradocks celebrated herd was in its zenith, and where the
famous bull Gainford 2044 was bred. He afterwards removed to Underpark,
Lealholm, where Shorthorns, Cleveland Bays, and Leicester sheep were kept,
and for many years the cattle, horses, and sheep, which had been established
about I 832, were frequent winners wherever exhibited. In 1890 Mr. George
Harrison made a visit to Aberdeenshire, and purchased on his own account
the cow Warfare and the bull Royal Ury; both became celebrated winners,
the former winning 127 prizes, including four prizes at the Royal and two
at the Highland Show. Mr. Harrison has been one of the most successful
exhibitors at all the leading shows for the last fourteen years. Judicious and
often costly purchases have been made of choice animals, several of which
were from the late Mr. Marr, Mr. Duthie, Mr. McWilliam, and other
breeders in Scotland. Many fine animals were bred from these. Since 1893,
when exhibiting began, upwards of 2000 champion cups and prizes have been
won at the Royal, the Highland, the Royal Dublin, as well as at the county
shows throughout the kingdom; one of the features being the successes in
the family and group classes. One of the most successful families in the herd
recently is that descended from the Cow Welfare. Champion Cup 65,240, a
first prize-winner at the Royal Show, was one of the most successful bulls
ever used in the herd; but many others, principally of Scotch breeding, have
made their mark from time to time. At various times seven bulls have been
purchased as calves at Mr. Duthies sales and used in the herd. The cow
Ursula Raglan, by Ursulas Crown Prince, and the bull Elvetham Sweetmeat,
by Bapton Champion, out of the noted cow Sweetheart, with others, have
recently won many prizes.
Garth Hall
Captain D. H. Myttons herd at Garth Hall, Welshpool, was established
about I 86o. The earlier purchases of females were made from Messrs. Evans
and Nevett, while bulls came from Messrs. W. Arkell, C. Hobbs, R. Stratton,
and Sir Nigel Kingscote, these including several prize-winners. The young
bulls were sold at Birmingham, and made good prices, several prizes being
won. Specimens selected from the herd afterwards became winners at the
Royal and other important shows. At a sale in 1900, the Royal prize cow
Silene realised 340 gs. from Mr. C. W. Kellock, who also gave ioo gs. for
her bull calf.
Gatton Park
Sir Jeremiah Colmans herd at Gatton Park, Surrey, was established in
1900, and consists of specimens of the Millicent, Lavender, Lady, Water-
loo, Hawthorn, and Diana families of Bates, Booth, and Cruickshank blood.
The prizes won since the foundation of the herd include 8 championships,
8 firsts, and 64 seconds. At the Royal Show at Cardiff in 1901, Hawthorn
Gem 3rd was third. She was second at Carlisle in 1902 and at Park Royal in
1903, when Adeline was also second. Hawthorn Flower was second at Park
Royal in 1904 and third in 1905.
Great Rollright
The Great Rollright Manor herd, the property of Mr. A. C. Hall, was
established in 1901 by the purchase of a few cows of dairy type. These,
however, have been gradually eliminated, and cattle of long pedigree from
the principal herds in England and Scotland substituted. The principal
strains represented are the Seraphinas, Wild Eyes, Blanches, Barringtons,
Game Pyes, Kirklevingtons and Darling- tons, while a few purchases have
been made in Scotland. The bull that has done most for the herd is Lavender
Yet, a son of Count Lavender. He has left some very promising stock and
was in service at nine years of age. Bianca Lad by Bapton Crown, is now
the principal stock bull.
Greenhead
The herd at Greenhead, Milnthorpe, Westmorland, was established by Mr.
Win. Handley when he entered the farm and purchased a number of good
dairy cows from his predecessor, Mr. Scott, who had used the bull Tenant
Farmer i 3,828 bred by Mr. Ellison. In the hands of Mr. W. Handley and his
son, Mr. John Handley, who succeeded his father in i888, the herd has taken
a distinguished position in the show-yards. The use of Sir Arthur Windsor
35,541, of Mr. Lintons breeding, was so successful that the celebrated sire Sir
Arthur Ingram 32,490 was bought at the Sheriff Hutton dispersion. He was
the sire of Royal Ingram 50,374, descended from one of the cows purchased
in 1867. This bull was three times first at the Royal shows. Alfred the
Great 36,121, another frequent winner, was also used, and his son Master
Harbinger 40,324 was first at the Royal. Other noted bulls associated with
the herd were Hiawatha 48,127, Golden Treasure 51,346, Royal Hovingham,
Ingrams Glory, and Ingrams Fame. Among the first-prize winners at the
Royal Shows from Greenhead have been Hovingham 43,363, first in 1884,
Royal Ingram 50,374, first in 1885 and i886, Ingrams Fame 53,026, first in
1887, Pearl King 79,631, first in 1903, and many others.
Hambleden
The Hambleden herd, owned by Mr. Charles A. Scott-Murray, is one of the

oldest of the many herds to be found in the neighbourhood of Henley-on-
Thames. The cattle are bred principally for milk, with due regard to the
maintenance of Shorthorn type. The principal family found 2 A in the herd is
the Rose of France. Other families include the Anemones, Gazelles, Daisies,
Places, the J. family, as well as specimens of the Waterloo and Oxford tribes.
Some of the milk records of the cows are very high, Maplewell Daisy 2nd,
for example, having averaged 10,283 lbs. for four years, her best record
being I 1,444 lbs. The Roses of France have also proved themselves to be
deep milkers, the 46th of that name having given 7,750 lbs. with her first
calf, and 8,029 lbs. the following year, while the cow Red Rose gave 7,500
lbs. with her first calf. Recently bulls used include Prince Pericles 30th by
Buscot Imperialist, and General by President.
Holker
After the dispersion of the late Duke of Devon- shires famous Bates herd at
Holker it was resolved by the Right Hon. Victor Cavendish not to entirely
relinquish the breeding of high-class Shorthorns, but to keep a smaller herd
in addition to the stud of Shire horses. In selecting the new herd, purchases
were made from eminent breeders who had followed the old lines of blood
bred so long and successfully at Holker, and on which fresh strains had been
judiciously introduced. These comprised several from the Royal herd at
Sandringham, Mr. Foljambes old-established herd at Osberton, Mr. Ecroyds
at Armathwaite, Messrs. Evans at Sherlowe, and Mr. Hoskens herd at
Hayle, Cornwall. There were specimens of the Duchess, Oxford, Winsome,
and Waterloo tribes, also of the Barrington, Blanche, Booth Medoras, the Js.
through the Duchesses of Towneley from Hayle, and the Towneley Butterflies
from Mr. Bowstead of Beck Bank.
Holme Pierrepont
The Holme Pierrepont herd, belonging to Earl Manvers, was founded in
1893 by the purchase of two heifers and a bull from the herd of the late
Mr. Philo L. Mills at Ruddington. To these were added cattle of long pedi-
gree that combined flesh with milk-producing qualities. A sale was held in
1903, at which an average of was obtained. Shortly after this sale several of
the Bates Blanche tribe were purchased at the dispersal of Mr. Wheatleys
herd, and the Armathwaite Butterflies at that of Mr. Ecroyd. Other pur-
chases included members of the Lady Dorothy family from Messrs. Law, the
Cruickshank Julia, the Monogram, Lovely, and others of Scotch descent, in
addition to specimens of the Booth Mantalini, the Game Pye, the Catthorpe
Duchess Sarah, and the Lady Elford Pearl families. The remainder of the
Ruddington herd retained by Mrs. lVIills when the late Mr. P. L. Mills
herd was sold in 1906, thirty in number, having been purchased privately,
a second sale was held in 1907, at which an average price of over I’ 83 was
obtained for fifty-five head. The principal bulls that have contributed to the
success of the herd of recent years have been Millionaire by Scottish Archer,
President by Marengo, and Lavender Royal by Royal Edward.
Holywell Manor
At Holywell Manor, St. Jves, famous for its Middle and Large White pigs,
Mr. Sanders Spencer established a herd of Shorthorns in 1867, originally
started in Norfolk as a dairy herd. Within the last few years it has been
considerably augmented and much improved by the judicious selection
and use of bulls from the herd belonging to Mr. J. Deane XVillis, of Bapton
Manor, Wilts. Cows of large scale with good udders were selected at the
outset, many of them tracing to the old-established herd belonging to the
Marquis of Exeter at Burghley Park, the late Mr. W. Torrs Flower tribe
from Aylesby, and the Lady Butterfly and Match families, from the herds
of Mr. T. Mace and Mr. Tremaine, in Gloucestershire. The sires at first
used were of the old Booth strain, but of late years they have been of Scotch
blood. On Mr. Spencer s retirement in 1906 the herd was taken over by his
son, Mr. Charles Spencer, who continues breeding on the same lines.
Horsely Hall
Mr. Alfred Ashworth, Horsley Hall, Gresford, commenced his herd at Tabley
Grange, Cheshire, in the autumn of 1868 by the purchase from Lady Pigot of
two deep-milking Shorthorns; but the foundation may more properly be said
to have been laid by the addition shortly afterwards of Vestal Star, of the
Vesper family. She was bred by the late Mr. R. S. Bruere from his celebrated
Vespers, a splendid type of the large-framed Yorkshire cow, massive animals
and great milkers, that in the palmy days of Shorthorns commanded very
high prices; one of them, Vernal Star, was sold to the Hon. H. Cochrane
for oo gs., and at the Bowness sale 1877, Vesper Queen was purchased by
Mr. A. Darby for 700 gs., and Vesper Star, a daughter of Star Queen, went
to Mr. Talbot-Crosbie for iooo gs. They were at first crossed with bulls
of Booth blood from Mr. Brueres herd. Other sires came from Mr. H.
Aylmer, Mr. J. Handley, Mr. H.J. Sheldon, Mr. A. Cruickshank, and Mr.
P. L. Mills. The herd is now kept at Horsley Hall, Chester, and comprises
Vespers, Cold Creams, and Scotch Missies, the sires used including St Clair
2nd 66,218, Vain Prince 84,989, and Bapton Volunteer 85,246.
Kingscote
The herd at Kingscote, Gloucestershire, was established about 1848 by

Colonel (now Sir Nigel) Kingscote, who was assisted in his selections by Earl
Ducie, and it has since been maintained in a high state of merit. The early
sires were from Tortworth, among them being Fourth Duke of York 10)167
and Duke of Gloster 11,387. From Wetherby came Duke of Wharfedale
19,646, Second Duke of Wetherby 21,618, Third Duke of Clarence 23,727,
and Third Duke of Claro 23,829. Duke of Hillhurst 28,401 from Duchess
97th was imported from Mr. Cochranes, Canada, at a high price, having
been selected by Mr. Thornton. This bull was sire of Duke of Connaught,
sold for 4500 gs., and was let to Messrs. Foster and Moore for the highest
sum on record. This succession of high-class sires of the Duchess strain
rendered the herd full of fashionable blood. At a sale held in 1875 an average
of i79 4s. 8d. was obtained, a Wild Eyes heifer making 760 gs. from Mr.
Angerstein. In 1878 an Oxford made iioo gs. The milking qualities of the
cattle have always been carefully studied, and the Honeys and others have
a great reputation in this respect. The tribes in the herd are the Cowslips,
Darlingtons Honeys, Kirklevingtons, Gwynnes, Places, Seraphinas, Water-
loos, Wallflowers, Acombs, Bicker- staffes, Georgies, Roses of Sharon, and
Secrets or Surmises.
Kirk Hammerton
Mr. E. W. Stanyforth, Kirk Ham- merton Hall, York, in 1887 inherited the
well-known herd of the late Rev. T. Staniforth, of Storrs Hall, Windermere,
and sold most of them, only keeping a few, as the land was unsuitable. He
has, however, kept a small herd, and bought from the Duke of Northumber-
land, Mr. Fawkes of Farnley Hall ; Mr. Foljambe, Osberton ; Mr. Williams,
and Mr. Yeats. The tribes in the herd are the Medora, Mantalini, Pride,
Flower and Hecuba.
Knowefield
Mr. James Watt commenced a herd at Knowefleld, Carlisle, in i88o, animals
of the Bates and Booth blood having been secured. Purchases were made
at Sand- ringham, Brougham, Dalmeny, Mertoun, Alnwick Park, Cragside,
Brayton, Skelton, Calthwaite, Eden Grove, South- wick, etc. The tribes
now represented include Bensons, Butterflies, Gwynnes, Princesses and Wild
Eyes. The principal sires used have been New Years Promise, Patterdale,
Red Butterfly, Merry Dandy, and Lord Cleveland.
La Belen, Birkenhead
Mr. F. Miller, La Belen, Birkenhead, who has made so many selections of
high-class animals for export to South America, also owns a herd. He has
exhibited successfully at several of the Royal Shows, the championship for
cows and heifers having been won at Park Royal in 1905 with Lady Amy 7th,
and the championship for bulls at Lincoln in 1907 with Linksfield Champion
86,401.
Langford
Mr. S. Hills herd at Langford was begun in 1883. Originally started with
the Stratton and Sheldon strains, the bull Duke of Barrington 21st 55,601, a
winner at Birmingham, was bought at a high price and used, being followed
by purchases from Sir Robert Loders and Messrs. Hoskens herds. A choice
selection of five females and the bull Wiltshire Victor 71,883 was made
privately from Mr. Deane Willis herd. The herd was dispersed in 1892, and
another, chiefly of Scotch blood, was commenced. It now includes, among
other Scotch families, a number of the Sittyton Lavenders.
Lathom House
The herd at Lathom House, Orms- kirk, is one of the oldest in the country,
comprising the favourite and well-known Bates and Princess blood. Three
sales were held at Lathom in 1875, 79, and 84, resulting in very high av-
erages. At the New York Mills sale, the late Earl of Lathom (then Lord
Skelmersdale) was present, and was a purchaser, buying Duchess of Oneida
for 6120 gs. He also introduced some of the best animals of the Princess
blood. This tribe retained its great dairy properties with size and quality,
as well as the broad backs, long hindquarters, and good shoulders that had
made the blood so famous. For some years no sales took place at Lathom,
but the animals were patiently and consistently bred from the old Holker
Oxford and Duchess strains. A few years ago, a cross was taken by the use
of North Star 69,191, a bull that blended the Bates and Stratton strains. He
was followed by Pilgrim 75,225, bred by the Duke of Northumberland, from
the old Cumberland Pearl tribe, a bull having a grand back and loin with
good quality of flesh and fine hind quarters; he left a fine lot of heifers, which
were mated with Anthony, bred by Lord Lovat, by the celebrated sire Royal
Star 71,502, from Maid of Underley, of the fashionable Broad- hooks tribe.
In the herd at Lathom the type and milking properties of the old Bates
cattle were well preserved, the animals being of great size and substance,
with good constitutions.
Laughton
Mr. J. E. Casswells herd at Laughton, Folkingham, was established in 1831.
During its career it has produced many fine animals, and some high-class
bulls have been shown successfully at Birmingham. The tribes now repre-
sented are the Lady Dorothy, Spicy, Laughton, Quick- silver, Butterfly, Fair
Maid, Rhoda, and Seraphina.
Leighton Hall
Mr. J. Naylor founded a herd at Leighton Hall, Welshpool, in 1889. A
selection of about twenty heifers was made in Scotland from the herds of
Mr. Sylvester Campbell; Mr. Mitchell, Auchnagathle, and Mr. Watson,
Auchronie, as well as from Mr. J. Mitchell, Howgill Castle, Westmorland.
Purchases were subsequently made from Earl Powis, Captain Mytton, Mr.
Nevctt, and Mr. Ker Colvilles herds in the district, also from the Duke of
Northumberlands herd at Ainwick, and Mr. H. Butlers Badminton, Glouces-
tershire. The sires used have been from high-class stocks. Since Mr. Naylors
death the herd has been kept on by his representatives. A large sale was
held in 1904.
Lostock
Several leading prizewinners have been shown by Mr. W. Heaton, Lostock,
Bolton, among them Mountaineer 63,027, second at the Royal at Darlington
in 1895, and second at Leicester in 1896, also Master Recorder 69,101 first
and champion at Manchester in 1897.
Lowfields
At Lowfields, in South Westmorland, a fine herd has been established by Mr.
E. Potter. Two strains of bloodthe Seraphinas and the Ruthswere selected
as best adapted for the object in view; the former has long enjoyed a repu-
tation for milk, flesh, good hair, and handling, a quality in the present day
much overlooked, and the tribe has upheld these characteristics in whatever
district they are reared. The Ruths, another equally good tribe, came from
the herd of the late Mr. W. Trethewy, in Cornwall, which was entirely bred
from this family. There are also representatives of the Bates Duchesses,
the Booth Mantalinis, the Stratton Lustres, and the Hosken Baronesses and
Gwynnes. It is these strains that have been blended with the Seraphina and
Ruth tribes in the judicious use of the sires at Lowfields under the manage-
ment of Mr. T. Easton. The New Boy 69,701 and Nizam 73,138, both bred
from the Seraphinas, were long used. Sir Arthur Sullivan 69,589 brought
in the best Booth strains and Rose- mere 75,480 that of the Bates. With
the object of introducing fresh blood, recourse was made to Messrs. 1-
loskens old-established herd in Cornwall from whom Lands End 74,816 and
Commander-in-Chief 76,389 were selected. Heather Plume 83,699 was also
used, he was own brother to Heather Tartan, sold to Mr. W. McCulloch,
of Australia, where he became first prize and champion bull at Melbourne,
and was sold for 500 gs.
Manoravon
At Manoravon, Llandilo, in 1871, the late Mr. David Pugh established a
herd from the stocks of the late Sir John Rolt, Mr. Hugh Aylmer, Mr. Jon.
Peel, Mr. William Torr, and Mr. E. W. Meade-Waldo. The animals were
principally of Booth blood. Bulls were used from the Royal herd at Windsor,
the late Mr. John Booth of Killerby, and Mr. J. Fryer of County Durham.
The herd attained a high state of perfection, and at Mr. Pughs death in
1890 it was dispersed. Mr. Evan Jones, who has since occupied the farm,
purchased a number of good milking animals, with a view of continuing the
reputation of the old herd, and it has been very successful. Mr. Jones was
first at the Royal show at Doncaster with Nugget 59,534.
Marden Park
The Marden Park herd, the property of Sir Walpole Greenwell, Bart., was
founded in 1895 with animals purchased from Lord Brougham and Vaux, Sir
Oswald Mosley, Bart., Captain W. H. 0. Duncombe, Mr. Robarts, Mr. H.
Dudding, Mr. J. T. Hobbs, Mr. D. Arkell, and others. The bulls used have
included Patriot by Liberator, Millionaire 73,078 by Cash, from a cow of
the Bates Surmise or Silence tribe; Master Douglas by Lord James Douglas;
Marden Braze- nose by Millionaire; Marden St. Cuthbert, Marden St. Clere,
and Majesty 77,171 by Magic. The Waterloo, Seraphina, Bessie, Musical,
and Orange Blossom tribes are well represented in the herd, which has
been exhibited with success, and many animals have been sold for export.
Melton
Ross.A herd of Bates Shorthorns had been bred by Mr. Jonas Webb, son
of Mr. Webb of Babraham for forty years at Melton Ross, Lincoinshire.
It comprised many fine specimens of the famous Duchess, Grand Duchess,
and Waterloo tribes, as well as of the Oxford, Thorndale Rose, and Wild
Eyes families. The Duchessesin two branchesthe Grand Duchesses, so long
bred by the late Capt. Oliver at Sholebroke; and the Duchesses of Leicester
tracing to Airdrie Duchess 7th, imported by Mr. T. Holford from the United
States of America in 1877. The Waterloos were mostly descended from
the late Mr. J. R. Singletons Lady Waterloos, which became celebrated
in Mr. E. H. Cheneys herd at Gaddesby. There were also descendants of
the late Rev. J. D. Jeffersons branch of this old tribe. The Thorndale
Roses were Lord Braybrookes celebrated branch of this tribe. In addition
to these there were also fine specimens of the Fawsley tribe from the late
Mr. Sheldons herd at Brailes; the Seraphinas tracing to Vocalist and the
Celias and Laurestinas, which were associated with Mr. Webbs family at
Babraham and at Littlebury for over sixty years. The herd was dispersed
at high prices after Mr. Webbs death, in 1906. A fresh herd has since been
formed on the same lines by Mrs. Webb and her sons. Many prizes were won
at the Royal and Smithfield Club Shows, the International Show at Paris,
the Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, and other County Shows.
Moor Park
The herd of Shorthorns at Moor Park, H arrogate, belonging to Mr. H.

Williams, has been in existence for twenty-five years. Selected from the
best herds of the day, no expense has been spared in obtaining good robust
animals of old descent from the principal breeders. The pedigrees trace to
the best strains of the old Booth and Scotch blood, purchases having been
made at Warlaby, Killerby, Farnley; from the late Mr. E. W. Meade- Waldo,
Mr. W. Fawcett, and iVIr. R. Pinder. as well as from Mr. W. Duthie, Mr.
A. M. Gordon, Mr. W. S. Marr, Mr. J. Wilson, and Mr. J. Bruce, of
Inverquhomery in Scotland. Among the Booth strains are choice specimens
of the old Bright Anna and Mistress Mary, prolific and good milking families.
The well-known Ferns, bred by the late Mr. White at Bedale, that did so
remarkably well in Lord Polwarths herd, and the Farnley Isabels have some
fine representatives, as well as the Ruths, from which His Majestys Royal
Duke and other winners at Windsor were bred. There were a few choice
animals from Mr. W. Atkinsons herd. In selecting the bulls for service,
the utmost care has been exercised. In 1890 the well-known bull, Major
59,419, first and champion at the R.A.S.E. Show at Warwick, was purchased
from the Royal herd at Windsor. Spicy Duke 77,945 came from IJppermill,
and Marechal Niel 72,989 was purchased at a high price at the Duke of
Northumberlands sale.
Morgenau
Mr. C. Morgan-Richardson established a herd at Noyadd Wilym, Cardigan,
in i88o. It is now kept at Morgenau, Pembrokeshire. The leading families
arc the Hecubas, Calomels, Premiums, Cowslips, and Waterloos. The sires
used have included Reformer 53,521, Major 59,419, Moonlight 75,110, and
Barons Pride 78,339. By the crossing of Booth strains with Scotch blood
very satisfactory results have been obtained. Mr. Morgan-Richardson, has
gained numerous prizes at the Birmingham and other shows, and has bred
several noted animals, including Meteor 86,631, Sir Richard Coopers famous
prize bull.
Motcombe Manor
The herd kept by Mr. Arthur Hiscock, at Motcombe Manor, near Shaftes-
bury, originated from five cows, purchased from Mr. Ensor, of Corfe Mullen.
Later on specimens of the Kirklevington and Anemone tribes and others of
Game blood were selected for deep milking qualities. One of the most noted
bulls used in the herd was Sebastopol 64,808 by Wanderer 6o, 138, from
Royal Beauty 2nd by Royal James 54,972. He was followed by his sons, Se-
bastopol Yet 84,733, and Sebastopolian 93,380, the former a son and the lat-
ter a great-grandson of Lady Filleigh Kirk- levington 30th by Baron Bright
Eyes Kirklevington 56,86o. The herd has been very successful in the show-
yard, several hundred prizes having been won as well as the Shaftesbury
and Gillingham Cups, and the special prize offered by the Royal Counties
Agricultural Society, for the best herd in the neighbourhood.
Much Hoole
Shorthorns have been associated with the Rothwell estates in Lancashire for
a great many years. Mr. R. R. Rothwells herd has been in existence since the
Much Hoole Farm was taken in hand and new buildings were erected there
in 1900. The great dairy interest of the county was the first consideration
in founding the herd, and a couple of good young cows were purchased from
Mr. J. T. Hobbs, in Gloucestershire; these were followed by four from Mr.
W. Atkinsons dairy herd at Overthwaite, and purchases were made from
others. Many prizes have been won.
Muscrave Hall
The herd belonging to Mr. J. C. Toppin, Musgrave Hall, Skelton, Penrith,
was established by his father about 1820. Mr. Troutbecks Tom Gwynne
5498, and Tomboy 5494 by Gainford 2044, were used. One of the foundresses
of the herd was a heifer by Mr. Gibsons Harlequin 289, purchased at Mr.
Marshalls sale, near Penrith, in 1822. A few years later animals of the
Leopoldine tribe of Crofton blood and of the Brilliant and Jessy families
were obtained at the sale of Mr. Mark S. Stewarts herd, and several of the
Gwynnes were added from Mr. Caddys stock. The Pride and Familiars,
the latter consisting almost entirely of Booth blood, were very successful.
Barmpton Roses came from Towneley, and descendants of Mr. J. Peels
Pearly and the Booth Mistress Marys were also acquired. The sires were of
Booth blood. At a sale held in 1876, the average was 6o 3s. 3d., British
Knight 33,220 going to Rev. T. Staniforth at 300 gs.
Newbus Grange and Goldicote

At Goldicote, a high- lying farm situated three miles south of Stratford-on-
Avon, in the heart of the Midland counties, Mr. C. H. Jolliffe bred a fine
herd for about ten years. It was originally started with some good animals
of the dairy type, but in order to produce first-class heavy-fleshed young
bulls for the Birmingham sales, these were gradually replaced with some of
the best and most valuable animals with good udders from Scotch herds.
Among them were several choice specimens from the late Mr. Sylvester
Campbells old herd of Kinellar; Lord Lovat; Mr. A. M. Gordon, of Newton;
Mr. W. Duthie; Mr. Bruce, of Broad- land; Mr. Durno, of Jackstown;
and Mr. Durno, of Wester- town. The herd contained many remarkably
fine females of the Broadhooks, Fairy Queen, Jenny Lind, Jilts, Diamond,
Kinellar Mary, Rosebuds (which became very distinguished winners in Mr.
George Harrisons possession), Missies, Golden Wreaths, Sycamores, Water-
loo Princesses, and Sir John Swinburnes Vedasfull of the old Cruickshank
blood. Bulls came from Mr. J. Deane Willis, Mr. Duthie, and Mr. Marr.
The larger part of the herd was dispersed, in 1905, in consequence of the
estate having been sold, when high prices were realised. Mr. C. H. Jolliffe
removed to Newbus Grange, Darlington. A number of the old cows were
retained which formed the nucleus of another herd.
Norley Hall
The herd of Mr. Charles Bell at Norley Hall, in Cheshire, traces back direct
to Kirklevington, the present owners father and uncle having been tenants of
Mr. Thomas Bates about the year 1839. The Kirk- levington bulls, owned
by Mr. Bates, were used by his tenants, while many of the females that
formed the foundation stock of the present herd were also selected by him,
and thus gave rise to the strains still known as the Bell-Bates cattle. The
principal branches of the Bates cattle are still found in the herd, including
the Kirklevington, Barrington, Acomb, and Darlington tribes, as well as the
Bell-Bates strains of Fletchers (or Filberts), Places, Harts, Georginas, and
Hudsons. In the pedigrees of most of these cattle the name of Duke of York
8th, the bull that was sold for io6 gs. at the late Mr. Bells sale in 1871,
occurs. Some of the cattle have been kept free from the Scotch blood, but
of late this cross has been introduced into the herd by the use of Bapton
Shamrock 82,774, a bull bred by Mr. J. Deane Willis by Silver Plate 75,633,
out of a cow by Commodore 54,118. From Kirklevington the herd was taken
to Brockton Hall, in Staffordshire, and thence to Norley Hall, Cheshire, by
its present owner.
North Acomb
Mr. W. R. Trotters herd at North Acomb, Stocksfield-on-Tyne, Northum-

berland, traces to that of his father, the late Mr. William Trotter, who died
in 1902, in his eighty-second year, and his grandfather, Mr. John Trotter,
who died in 1873, in his eighty-fifth year. They were contemporaries of
Messrs. Angus, Atkinson, Jobling, and the oldest breeders in Northumber-
land. The Kate tribe has been bred by the family since 1824, and is directly
descended from Mr. Charles Collings Yarborough 705, calved in i8oi. A
careful record of the milk yield of the cows was kept, the herd having been
kept as a dairy, and the milk sent into Newcastle-on-Tyne. The Towneley
Barmpton Roses, the Kinellar Minas, the Farnley Millicents, as well as old
strains from Mr. Angus, of Bearl, were prominent, and the sires used have
been of prize-winning strains. The principal object in the management of
the herd has been the production of first- class heavy milking cattle.
Osberton
At Osberton a fine type of Shorthorn cattle has been cultivated from the
beginning of the nineteenth century. On the death of Mr. G. S. Foijambe in
1870, the herd was sold, with the exception of two cows, three calves, and
a bull. To these some very fine cattle were added by the Right Hon. F. J.
S. Foijambe, bought from Sir F.C. Smythe, Mr. Meade-Waldo, Mr. James
How, Mr. Jonathan Peel, the Rev. T. Staniforth, Mr. G. M. Tracy, Lord
Brougham, and others. After Knight of the Bath 26,546, a Royal winner, Mr.
J. B. Booths Titan 35,805, was in use. He was followed by two sires direct
from Warlaby, viz., Sir Andrew 42,387, and Prince Albert Victor 40,479. A
fine young bull, Riby King 48575, hired from Mr. Talbot-Crosbie, and Ca sar
Augustus 50,941, purchased from Mr. R. Welsted, were in service. The fine
character of Mr. Foljambes herd is universally known from the appearance
of the beautiful animals sent from it into the Royal and Yorkshire show-
yards, at which a large number of prizes have been awarded to animals bred
at Osberton. Of late years the Cruickshank blood was introduced. Feudal
Chief 51,251 and Leonidas 59,260 (in use nine seasons) were both bred by
Mr. A. Cruickshank at Sittyton. Other bulls used were Haycroft 79,041, by
Mr. Duthies Chorister; and Provider 77,542, bred by Mr. W. T. Game.
Overthwaite
At Overthwaite, near Milnthorpe Station, Mr. William Atkinson has been

a well-known dairy farmer, breeder, and judge for over fifty years. The first
recorded sire used in the herd was Bellinghams Oxford 30,522, calved in
1871, bred by Mr. Morton of Skelsmergh Hall. Sires have since been used
from the leading herds in the country. The herd began to be exhibited in
1891, and a large number of prizes have been won, chiefly with bulls, at the
Royal, the Yorkshire, and County Shows in the North of England. Some of
the finest dairy cows were now and again sold to Mr. William Heaton of
Lostock Junction, for supplying the mill hands. They have often won prizes,
and their produce have been very successful. Among the prize-winners bred
at Overthwaite have been Major Munro 65,883, Estimation 72,487, British
Chief 66,748, and Astronomer 68,162.
Pool Park
The herd at Pool Park, Ruthin, was founded by the late Mr. R. Blezard,
about 1876. Specimens of the Waterloo, Wild Eyes, Blanche, Lady Surmise,
and other families were obtained from Scaleby Castle, Sproatley Rise, Weet-
ing Hall, Maplewell, Sholebroke, and Underley, the sires used including Duke
of Siddington 3rd 38,483, Cherry Duke iith 42,918, Duke of Barrington 7th
39715, Grand Duke of Barringtonia 7th 46,650, and Lord Rosebery 51644,
the last-named (from Thorndale Rose 13th) having been bought at Hindlip
for 170 gs. An extensive sale was held in August, i886, when the average
was f37 i6s. 4d. Sub- sequently Oxford Duchess of Kilihow 9th and Winning
Beauty were bought at Kilihow; and at the sale of the Penrhyn Castle herd
three of the Archduchesses of Oxford family were secured. Barringtons were
bought at Capheaton, as well as Musicals and Lady Sales of Princess origin.
The herd is continued by Mr. G. Blezard.
Porters Park
The herd belonging to Mr. C. F. Raphael at Porters Park, Shenley, Herts,

commenced five years ago, has already been very successful, several first
prizes having been won at Birmingham in 1907, where the prize for the
best group of young bulls was secured. Prizes have also been gained at the
Royal, Dublin, and other shows. The tribes represented are the Roan Lady,
Sunbeam, Goldie, Marigold, Lady Dorothy, Broadhooks, Jilt, Julia, and
Queen of Rothes tribes. The sires used have been Sir Hector 9061, G.C.B.
86,045, Duke of Strathtay 88470, Diamond Baron, Diamond Renown, and
Shenley Victor.
Powis Castle
This herd, owned by the Earl ofPowis, was established in 1891, although
comparatively little was done either in the show-yard or sale-ring until
eleven years later, when the herd was reorganised and fresh blood intro-
duced. Among the strains to be found in it are members of the Game
Pye and other Gloucestershire families, as well as Towneley blood and the
Bates Barringtons. The blood of the celebrated Rotherfield Augustus was
introduced by the use of several bulls by this successful sire, but the most
noteworthy male used in the herd was Alastair 78,217 by Royal Star out of
a cow by Merry Archer. Mr. F. Millers Lady Amy 7th, champion at the
Royal Show in 1905, was bred in the Powis Castle herd.
Puddington Hall
The herd at Puddington Hall, Cheshire, belonging to Mr. Samuel Sanday,
has been commenced recently. The owners father, Mr. Win. Sanday, xvho
is frequently referred to in this book, made the name of Holme Pierrepont
famous for Leicester sheep and Shorthorn cattle. Some of his best cows are
illustrated in Vol. XIII. of Coatess Herd Book, the cow Sugar Plum being by
Vatican, a bull with which he and Mr. Henry Smith von at the Royal Show
at Lincoln in 1854. The families represented in Mr. Samuel Sandays herd
are the well-known Musicals, Frosts, Waterloos, Grand Duchesses, Oxfords,
Wild Eyes, Fogga- thorpes, J3arringtons, and Darlingtons, Hambleden Gen-
eral 4th 91,929, Beau Furbelow 94,254, and Waterloo Chieftain 97,621, have
been used.
Ratcheugh
RatCheUgh, a large farm facing the sea, on the Alnwick Castle estate, has of
late years become famous for the excellent cattle and sheep that have been
bred upon it. The herd of Shorthorns was started by Mr. W. Bell in 1887 by
the purchase of Cherry Rose from Mr. Torrance of Sisterpath. She was de-
scended from Mr. Mark S. Stewarts stock, and became very prolific. In later
years purchases were made from Lord Polwarth, Mertoun; Mr. E. Leadbit-
ter, as well as from the very old established Ainwick Park herd. Inglewood
Witch was selected at the dispersion of the late Mr. Robert Thompsons
herd at Inglewood, 1895. An opportunity shortly afterwards occurred of
purchasing most of those fine animals of the Millicent and Butterfly tribes
that were selected at the Inglewood sale for the late Col. North, as well
as some choice animals of the same blood from Mr. Ecroyds sale at Arma-
thwaite in 1896. The same year Lady Clara 3rd of the old Shethin Clara
tribe was purchased, when a heifer calf, for 100 gs. at the Collynie sale;
she became a celebrated animal, not only winning a large number of prizes
herself, but she was the dam of the famous prize bull Baron Abbotsford, aso
of Barons Pride, likewise a prize winner, and of Lord Brad- ford. Lady Clara
3rd won with her offspring first prizes in the family class at the Yorkshire
Show two years in succession, 1900 and 1901. From 1898 to 1903 nearly 8oo
was won at the leading Shows.
Redvales
Mr. T. Atkinson, Redvales, Bury, has a fine herd of Cruickshank and Bates
blood, established fifty years ago. He won first at the Royal, at Manch-
ester, in 1897, with Master Ailesbury 65902, second at Park Royal in 1904
with Chewton Victor 6th 8o,686, also third in 1906 at Derby and second at
Lincoln, in 1907, with Takeley J inny, etc.
Riby Grove
The Dudding family formerly lived at Panton, near Wragby, where a herd of
cattle and flock of Lincolnshire sheep -were kept upwards of a century and a
half ago. Both the cattle and sheep have all along exercised a most benefi-
cial influence at home and abroad. A picture of The Panton Heifer bred by
Mr. John Dudding, painted and engraved by H. Calvert, is still preserved in
the family. In i86o a sale of the Shorthorns took place at an average of 5 I
4s. 6d. for ninety-seven head. Messrs. Henry and William Dudding farmed
at Panton until the death of their father in 1879, but about 1876 the Riby
farm, formerly in the occupation of the late Mr. William Torr of Aylesby,
was taken in hand in order to extend sheep breeding, and a herd of Short-
horns was established, partly from some of the old blood. Purchases were
ifterwards made from some of the best breedersviz, the Earl of Yarborough,
the late Mr. Henry Sharptey, Mr. C. R. Lynn, and Mr. James Topham in
the county, from Mr. Ecroyd, Mr. W. Graham, and Mr. J. Harris in Cum-
berland, from Mr. Aylmer in Norfolk, as well as from well-known breeders
in Yorkshire, Gloucestershire, and other counties. The herd has contained
representatives of the Bates, Booth, Knightley, Mason, and Scotch strains.
The Duchesses, Cambridge Roses, Oxfords, Gwynnes, Kirklevingtons, and
Wild Eyes represented the Bates blood, whilst the Brights, Chalks, Gs and
Ws, Mantalinis, Queens, and Roses represented the Booth, and the Au-
gusta, Missie, Matilda, Jessamines and Violets the Scotch. There have also
been some choice animals of the old Osberton blood, of the Game strains
from Gloucestershire, and from the Brittens in Northamptonshire. With
the object of perpetuating the great substance and lean flesh for which the
cattle of the county are so celebrated, especial care is taken in the selection
of suitable bulls. Prince Charming 3rd 69,276 and Rosebery 8th 69416 were
both obtained from Lord Penrhyns old herd in Buckinghamshire; Baron Oak
2nd 66,678 from Mr. C. R. Lynn, and Prince Riby 61,540 was purchased at
the dispersion of the late Mr. Hugh Aylmers stock. Jack Ingram, of a well-
known prize strain, came from Cumberland, whilst Golden Robin was bred
by Mr. J. Deane Willis, and sold by him to Mr. E. Ecroyd in Cumberland,
from whom he was purchased at a high price. The other sires have been of
equal merit, and the herd has been most successful at the leading shows,
while high prices have been obtained by public and private sales, Prince
Alastair 89,647 having been sold for 1000 gs.
Rolleston
Rolleston has long been known for its excellent grazing and Shorthorn dairy
cattle. The late Sir Tonman Mosley founded the stock and used pure bred
bulls. In 1892 the large farm was let, Sir Oswald Mosley selecting a score of
the best dairy cows out of 450 head of horned stock. Finding that there was
ample room for improvement in the general breed of dairy cattle throughout
the district, he extended the herd by selecting choice animals from many
of the most celebrated breeders, particularly those where attention had
been paid to the dairy properties. From the Sand- ringham herd purchases
were first made, and then followed a selection of good cows from herds in
Cumberland and Westmorland, among them those of Lord Brougham and
Vaux; Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., of Brayton; Mr. W. Graham, of Eden
Grove; Mr. J. Harris, of Calthwaite, and other breeders in those famous
breeding counties. The late Mr. Christopher Cradocks old-established herd
at Hartforth, Yorkshire, supplied a large number of thrifty good heifers, as
well as Mr. Chesters large dairy herd at Nantwich, Cheshire. From the great
dairying districts of Gloucester- shire and the adjoining counties purchases
were also made, including those fine herds belonging to Mr. W. J. Edmonds
of Southrop; Mr. Ben. Read and Mr. G. F. King, of Chewton Keynsham,
Bristol. There were also the Jilts and Monograms of Scotch descent. The
reputation of the herd has been upheld by the use of highly-bred bulls.
Numerous prizes have been won at the leading shows, including first for
both two- and three-year-old heifers at the Royal Show, 1906.
Sarsden
LOrd Moreton has for many years maintained the historical association of
his family with the breed. The herd was established by him at the Example
Farm and pastures around the mansion at Tortworth, which he held from his
father, Earl Ducie, and it is now kept at Sarsden. In days gone by, when the
late Earl Ducies valuable Bates herd was in full pride and vigour Tortworth
formed the pivot of a wide circling movement, and that great herd in its
building up, maintenance and disposal played an important part in the his-
tory and fortunes of Bates cattle, as has already been seen. Among the early
purchases by Lord Moreton were Kirklevington Duchess 9th, and Sidding-
ton 15th, which came from Mr. Larkings sale at Ashdown House in 1878.
Others were Great Eyes 9th, bred by Hon. C. Fitzwilliam, Wild Empress
3rd, bred by Lord Lathom, Lady Worcester 23rd, bred by Mr. Brassey, and
Winsome Wild Eyes 8th, bred by Sir Robert Loder, all these being of the
Wild Eyes tribe. The Chaffs, a sort that did well in the old Tortworth herd,
have also been well represented. Siddington ioth was bought from Mr. H.
de Vitr Winsome Oxonian was secured at the Shotley Hall sale, and Lady
Worcester 23rd came from Preston Hall, while Floral Beauty was bred at
Killhow. The Knightley Furbelows from Sand- ringham, Sweethearts from
Osberton, and members of the Knightley Rosys, the Craggs, etc., have found
a place in this fine herd, which now chiefly consists of Duchesses, Oxfords,
Siddingtons, Wild Eyes, Charmers, Chaffs, Fannys, and Blanches. Carefully
selected sires of high breeding have been used since the commencement.
Shendish
Mr. A. H. Longmans herd at Shendish, Herts., was established by purchases

from the Duke of Devon- shire, the Earl of Dunmore, the Earl of Bective,
Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., Mr. S. P. Foster, of Killhow, and other eminent
breeders. It consisted virtually of four families: the Shen dish Roses, bred
from the Oxford Roses, in their day one of the best tribes at Holker; the Si-
lence and Surprise, a branch of the Surmise or White Rose family, originally
from Kirk- levington; the Wetherby Duchesses, bred from a beautiful heifer
bought at the Brayton sale, 1876, for 225 gs., a lineal descendant of Messrs.
Leneys celebrated cow Chorus, of the Charmer tribe. There were also a
few descendants of the Barrington and Kirklevington tribes, as well as of
the Knightley Ruby and Alix or Walnut families. First-class bulls of Bates
blood were always used. Mr. Longmans Second Duke of Hillhurst 39,748,
bred at Hillhurst, was sire of the two heifers sent by the late Hon. M. H.
Cochrane for sale at Bownessone, Duchess of Hillhurst 2nd, realising 4100
gs., and the other, Duchess of Hillhurst 5th, 4300 gs. Mr. Longmans first
herd was continued from 1875 to 1891, and it was re-established in 1905.
Shenstone Court
The herd at Shenstone Court, Lich- field, the property of Sir Richard Cooper,
Bart., was commenced in 1889, and comprises specimens of the Waterloo,
Duchess, and other tribes. The bull Meteor 86,631, bred by Mr. Morgan
Richardson, has been a frequent prize-winner at the leading shows; and
numerous successes have also been won by other animals from the herd.
Through the world-wide connections of the firm of Messrs. Cooper and
Nephews, Berk- hampsted, of which Sir Richard Cooper is the head, much
has been done in extending the breed in foreign countries and the colonies.
Sherborne Park
L0rd Sherbornes estate has been the home of good Shorthorns since about
the year 1840, when purchases were made from the Wiseton and other herds
in Nottinghamshire, bulls of Mr. Wilkinsons of Lenton, and Earl Ducies
blood being used. In the catalogue of the Sher- borne Historical Muni-
ments, which contains many interesting extracts of the prices of farm stock,
etc., in past centuries, unfortunately no mention is made of this herd, which
was dispersed in 1848, at an average of 30 9s. for seventy-seven head, and
laid the foundation of several first-class stocks. The late Mr. Trethewys in
Cornwall was one of these, the entire herd being descended from Rachel, sold
at Sherborne for 22 gs., the dam of the celebrated Ruths, from which sev-
eral distinguished prize-winners have been bred at Windsor. Some animals
trace through Mr. Deane Willis Diana to Jenny Dennison, another excellent
tribe that has produced many fine animals. In 1884 several animals were
purchased by the Hon. R. H. Eden, then agent to Lord Sherborne, of the
Old Daisy and Maynards Flora families. When Mr. Gray became agent to
the estate, these animals were carefully selected and improved by the use of
first-class bulls. Purchases were made at Broadmoor of the old Pye tribe,
also of the Broadrnoor Roses at the late Mr. Butts sale, and of other animals
from Messrs. Hobbs and Mr. W. H. Tremaines herds.
Sherborne
Mr. George Freemans herd at Sherborne, in Gloucestershire, has won nu-

merous prizes. It was originally started by Mr. Freemans father, who kept a
cjairy at Adle- strop, and bought the bull Leland 9288, at Lord Sherbornes
sale in 1848. From the best of these cows the Fashion tribe was rearedFash-
ion herself being by Mr. Geo. Games British Farmer 23,463. Besides the
Fashions, there are good animals of the Game Moss Roses and Pyes, and the
Hewer Rosas. The bulls used in the early period were mostly of Bates blood,
but latterly they have been purchased from Mr. J. Deane Willis and others,
while cows have been sent to Mr. Games high-class sires at Aldsworth.
Stenigot House
The herd belonging to Mr. Robert Chatterton at Stenigot House, Lincoln,

was commenced in 1885, and is partly composed of animals of Bates and
Scotch strains. Among the sires used have been Yorks Certainty Duke ioth,
Cornish Knight, and Avondale, the last-named a Scotch-bred bull that won
second prize in a large class at the Royal Show at Lincoln in 1907.
Stratton Park
The Stratton herd was established by the late Earl of Northbrook about
the year 1884, by the purchase of Barringtonia 5th from the late Captain
Oliver of Sholebroke. She was followed by two heifers of the Honey tribe
from Colonel Sir Nigel Kingscotes herd, and others were obtained from the
late Duke of Marlborough, Lord Hindlip, Lord Lovat, Mr. A. M. Gordon,
Mr. Bruce of Heatherwick, the late Mr. W. S. Marr, the Rt. Hon. F. J. S.
Foljambe, Captain Duncombe, and Mr. A. J. Robarts. The principal tribes
represented are the Broadhooks, Marigolds, Red Roses, Mr. Trethewys
Ruths, Magics, and Seraphinas. Bulls of Knightley and Bates strains were
first used, and they were succeeded by Cruickshank St. Leger by Hercules,
Royal Rover, Christmas Gift by Volunteer, Nonpareil Chief by Nonpareil
Courtier, Nonpareil Fame by Violets Fame, Franciscan by Prince Victor, his
son Philosopher, and Bendigo by General Bruce. At a sale held in July,
1907, twenty- seven head from this herd were disposed of at an average of
nearly /82.
Stroxton
The foundation of Mr. Lynns herd at Stroxton, Gr ntham, was laid about
1840, by his father, chiefly 213 by purchases from the herds of the Marquis
of Exeter, Earl Browniow, Messrs. Kirkham, Dawson, Watson, Lawton,
and Houldsworth. The sorts selected comprised Earl Browniows Corilla and
Priscilla families, and the old Burghley family of Crescent. Neat Cornet
16,192 was used. Mr. J. Lynn added representatives of Mr. Robinsons
Queen, the Charmer, Walnut, J antja, Surmise, Lady Spencer, and Cam-
bridge Rose tribes. There were especially some very fine specimens of the
last- named tribe, including Cambridge Duke 4th 25,706 which was used in
the herd. At a sale in 1876 twenty-eight head averaged /63 5S. 3(1. On the
death of his father Mr. C. R. Lynn carried on the herd for some years.
Sydnope Hall
Mr. B. Langdale Barrow at Sydnope Hall, near Matlock, has a choice herd of
the famous Old Daisy family, which traces back to the earliest authenticated
strains of the breed. The Old Daisies descend through Fairy by Duke 226.
Wild Flower of this branch was dam of Young Daisy, sold to Mr. Stewart
Marjoribanks, Bushey Grove, near London. This cow passed into the hands
of the Venerable Archdeacon Holbech, who mated her with Duke of Oxford
19,632 bred at Holker, a son of Third Grand Duke 16,182 bred by Mr. S. E.
Bolden. At Archdeacon Holbechs sale in October, 1877, the only remaining
six females of this tribe were sold by auction, realizing altogether the sum
of I 110 gs., or an average of /195 4s. Young Daisy, having been sold in
1855 as a yearling and sent away from Yorkshire, escaped the rinderpest
which subsequently destroyed the whole of the remaining females of this

ancient branch of the Old Daisy tribe. To the survival of Young Daisy the
existence of the Sydnope herd is indebted. Her descendants were afterwards
purchased for that herd, where they have been bred for more than a quarter
of a century, the herd having been established in 1878. At Sydnope they are
called the Fairy Duchess tribe. The sires used have included Twenty-Second
Duke of Oxford 31,000, Eleventh Duke of Barrington, 44,652, Fiftieth Duke
of Oxford 43,121, Knight of Rosedale 54517, Lord Fairy Butterfly 74,881,
Fairy Duke 62nd 88,545, and Missouri 92,567.
Tathwell Hall
Mr. R. Botterills herd at Tathwell Hall, Lincolnshire, was originally started
about 1870 in East Yorkshire at Wauldby, near Hull, where several sales took
place. In 1883 the bulk of it was sold, and the remaining animals, chiefly
of choice Bates strains, were brought down into Lincolnshire. A large num-
ber were of the Wild Eyes tribe, tracing through Lord Fevershams, Lord
Penrhyns, and the Hon. Charles Fitzwilliams herds. The Duchesses of
Welling- ton were descended from the late Mr. J. R. Singletops beautiful
cow Lady Waterloo i th, the whole tribe of which he sold at a very high
price to Mr. Cheney, of Gaddesby Hall, Leicester. There were also a few
animals of the Acomb, Barrington, Beverley, Oxford, and Red Rose tribes,
all of which were of Bates origin, as well as the numerous Nancy Duchesses,
which produced many fine animals in Lord Penrhyns and Mr. Fosters herds
at Kilihow, Cumberland. The Gwyn ne Princesses had also been very pro-
lific. The Lady Fortunates descended from Mr. Cowlings stock, had a good
reputation. Lady Fortunate by Colonel Gunters Second Duke of Wharfdale
19649, was the dam of the prize bull Windsor Augustus 19,157 and grand-
dam of Duke of Brunswick 25,937, who was exported to Australia, where he
became the sire of many prize-winners and of the highest-priced animals in
the Colony. The bulls used were of the best lines of Bates blood.
Tehidy
Mr. A. F. Basset, Tehidy, Camborne, commenced his herd in 1900, by the
purchase of a number of two- year-old heifers and a bull Royal Sovereign
from Mr. W. Hosken. The heifers were of the Carnation, Gwynne, Dickson,
Gertrude, and Brilliant Princess tribes. At the Royal Show in 1904 Mr.
Basset was third with Countess of Oxford i6th, second in 1905 with Tehidy
Queen of Brilliants, and also second in 1906.
Tehidy Barton
Mr. T. F. Roskruge, Tehidy Barton, Camborne, Cornwall, started his herd
in i886. It comprises Ruths, Gwynnes, and Roan Kittys, the sires having
been carefully selected. Mr. Roskruge won a prize at the Royal at Ply-
mouth, 1890, with Rob Roy, and second at Park Royal in 1904 with Lobelia,
while Carnation was third at Lincoln in 1907.
Tile House
Lillingstone Dayrell, Buckingham, has been the home of good Shorthorns
for over half a century. Mr. Elias Clarke, who became agent to Mr. Robarts
in i86i, kept a herd at Tile House for many years previous to its dispersion at
his death in 1871. One of the best families he possessed were the Seraphinas,
from which, when the sale was held in 1890, Mr. Robarts herd was entirely
bred. It was obtained in i8 i from Mr. James B. Ladds, of Deansanger, (the
breeder of Seraphina by Earl of Essex 6955), who bought Sapphire from Mr.
C. Barnett, of Stratton Park, Beds. The original cow, Old Darlington, was
acknowledged to have been a very fine animal; she was selected in Yorkshire
by the Rev. R. Pointer and sent to Lord Exeters celebrated bull Emperor
1014, and her heifer Empress to the Rt. Hon. C. Arbuthnots Rufus 2576,
the bulls subsequently used being superior animals of high character and
breeding. The family first came into notice t Mr. Lawfords sah 4 Southcott
in 1869, where Seraphina 13th, which had been exhibited at the R.A.S.E.
Show at Battersea, 1862, and Seraphina 15th, made respectively 240 gs.
and i6o gs. The former was purchased by Mr. Easton for Mr. Barclay
of Keavil, in whose herd were bred Booth Seraphina, first prize heifer at
the Highland Societys Show at Edinburgh, 1869, and Heir of Englishman
24,122, third at the Royal at Manchester, purchased and used by Mr. XV.
S. Marr of Uppermill, Aberdeenshire, also the bull Cherub second at the
R.A.S E. at Wolverhampton, which went to the United States of America,
where he was sold for /1200. Seraphina 15th was bought by Lord Sudeley,
and bred a numerous family called Celestes, twenty-seven of which averaged
/55 when the herd was dispersed in 1877. In the herds of Colonel Sir Nigel
Kingscote, Mr. E. H. Cheney at Gaddesby, Mr. J. Fawcett, of Scaleby,
and other eminent breeders, the family was distinguished. The sires used at
Lillingstone Dayrell were originally of Bates blood from Colonel Sir Robert
Gunter, Bart., Captain Oliver, of Shole- broke, as well as from the first-class
herds at Kingscote, Brailes, and Whittlebury.
Tredegar Park
Viscount Tredegars herd at Tre- degar Park, Newport, Mon., is one of the
oldest in the kingdom. The heads of the Morgan family have been extensive
cattle breeders since the commencement of the nineteenth century, if not
long before, and Sir Charles Morgan was probably the first of the Western
gentry to adopt the improved Shorthorn after the brothers Colling had made
the breed popular. One of the cherished memorials in the library at Trede-
gar Castle is the fine old painting of the presentation of a Shorthorn bull to
William 1V. by Sir Charles Morgan. The presentation took place in 1836 in
the last year of His Majestys reign, but the herd had been in existence for
nearly twenty years even at that early period. Bulls bred by Mr. Wetherell
were used and sires were also obtained from Earl Ducies herd at Tortworth.
The early records of the herd, unfortunately, were not preserved. In 1874
some of the Tredegar tribes were entered in the Herd Book, these being
all derived from the stock of Sir Charles Morgan, and named the Cricket,
Fancy, Highone, Lavender, Marigold, Lady Violet Sweetlips, Beauty, Count-
ess, Gilliflower, Lucy Grey, Rosa, Sweetheart, Tulip, and Snowball. Latterly
a number of fine animals of Bates and Scotch blood have been bought from
leading herds.
Tring Park
Jn founding the Shorthorn herd the property of Lord Rothschild, at Tring
Park, it was decided to obtain the best milking cows from those districts
where large dairies are kept throughout the country. Purchases were made
in Gloucestershire, Somersetshire and the Thames Valley; also from York-
shire, Cumberland and Westmor- land, as well as Cheshire, Staffordshire
and the Midlands. Cows were selected for their good frames and quality,
but especially for their milking properties and well shaped udders. Bulls
from large yielding cows have been selected. The cattle have been very suc-
cessful at the London Dairy Show, and in the dairy classes at the Royal and
County shows. Excellent and methodical management prevails throughout
this large establishment. Daily milk yields are recorded with as much pre-
cision as long experience makes practicable. These enable the breeder to
more carefully select his stock, and the public have information furnished
them that is often otherwise difficult to obtain.
Tynywern Farm
Sir Arthur Stepneys herd at Tynywern Farm, near Llanelly, was formed
in the year 1900, by the purchase of a few cows from the herd of Mr. J.
T. Hobbs, at Maisyhampton. These were added to by other purchases from
time to time, the herd now consisting of representatives of the Musical tribe,
Lord Lathoms Princesses of Blythe, the Stratton Timbrels, or April Daisies,
and a few of Scotch descent. The bulls used have included Deputy Lieutenant
by Marengo; Rotherfield Emperor, and Drayton Augustus by Rotherfield
Augustus; Prince of Latton 8th, and Bapton Onyx, by Silver Plate. Prizes
have been won at most of the Welsh shows as well as at the Royal, Bath and
West, and other English meetings, the cow Vesta by Land Steward having
been the most noteworthy winner.
Underley
A herd was established by Lady Henry Cavendish Bentinck at Underley,

Westmorland, so widely known as the home of the late Earl of Bectives
famous Bates stock, with a view to combine the great milking and quick
feeding properties in animals that were bought to lay the foundation for a
practical dairy herd. After the dispersion of the celebrated Underley herd in
1894, cows with good udders and of robust constitution were selected from
the best dairy herds throughout the country, as well as from those well-
known breeders, Mr. Anthony Dobson, Mr. E. Mason, and the late Mr. H.
Cock, of Carnforth; also from dairy herds in Gloucestershire belonging to
Messrs. James and Robert Hobbs, and Mr. T. R. Hulbert, of Cirencester.
The milk of each cow is carefully recorded, and only the best and most
profitable animals are bred from. Sires from dams that possessed heavy
flesh and were real milkers have been selected, with these especial points in
view; the result being that a number of prizes have been won in the dairy
classes at the London Dairy Show and at the County and local meetings,
as well as prizes for fat cattle at the Christmas shows in the district and at
Leeds.
Waddesdon Manor
The herd belonging to Miss Alice de Rothschild at Waddesdon Manor,

Bucks., was established in 1887. Among the tribes represented are the
Cherry, Flora, Emmeline, Fanny, Jessie Elmhurst, Kirklevington, Rose of
Underley, and the Wild Eyes. The sires used have included Spartan 71,652,
iVlarksman 62,968, Royal Prince 73536, Fair- fax, and Bashful Youth 74,038.
The bull Spartan was third at the Royal at Birmingham in 1898, and was
exported to the Argentine, where he proved a very successful sire. The cow
Miss Belladrum 6th, was first at the Royal Show at Maidstone in 1899.
Walton Grange
Walton Grange, Aylesbury, was occupied by Mr. Hazell at the death
of Mr. Henry Wyatt, who had founded a herd there about twenty years
previously from several of the leading breeders in England and Scotland ;
on its dispersion thirty-two of the best animals were selected. The herd
contains a number of fine specimens of the old Bates blood, including the
Place, and Surmise, or Silence tribes, also several of Messrs. Games Pye
family from Gloucestershire, which has produced many first-class animals.
The Scotch strains were numerously represented, not only by the Marigold
family, which was obtained from the late Mr. W. S. Marr, but by the
Pomegranates, descendants of the Duke of Richmonds Crown Princess by
Mr. Booths celebrated sire Fitz-Clarence, a son of the first-prize cow at
the R.A.S.E. Show at Chester 1858. The sires used at Walton Grange have
always been first-class bulls of fashionable blood.
Waresley Park
The Waresley Park herd, owned by Captain W. H. 0. Duncombe, is of
ancient origin, and in 1842 two heifers were purchased direct from Mr. T.
Bates, at Kirk- levington. Until about the year 1890 bulls of pure Bates
breeding were always used, but since then the Scotch element has often
been employed, among other sires used having been Commander 54116 by
King Stephen, Liberator 64,260, the sire of Sea Gem, Warrior Queen, and
other noted winners, Scorpion 69,546 by Christmas Present, Manor Victory,
and Sea Lord i th. The Sea Gem family has been bred on the estate since
1846, and there are in the herd members of the Booth Farewell tribe, as well
as of the Bates strains already referred to. At a sale held in 1898 an average
of more than 55 gs. was realized, the sum of 410 gs. being paid for Sea
Gem, a first- prize xvinner at the Royal at Manchester in 1897.
Warmington
The herd owned by Mr. Thomas Stokes has been kept at the 1-Jome Farm,
Warmington, near Oundle, since 1878, when four heifers were purchased
from Lord Carysfort. One of these heifers, May Rose, was the ancestress
of Gladys Rose, a great prize-winner that was reserve for champion at the
R.A.S.E. at Windsor, 1889. The herd had originally been started in 1872,
and in 1894 it was practically dispersed, only four animals being retained.
To these were added two cows purchased from Mr. J. J. Sharp at Broughton.
From these six the present herd has descended, the tribes represented being
from Burghley, Drayton, Whittle- bury, and other herds. Among the bulls
used have been Gladys Hero 52,940, Wild Connaught 62,018, Duke of York
13th 65,405, Prince Waterloo 73,323, Royal Referee 79,835, Royal Earl Wa-
terloo 15th 87,178, and Neptune 92,653. The herd usually consists of one
hundred head, but a sale held in October last, at which an average of f40
14S. 6d. was obtained, has reduced the numbers.
Welbeck
The first herd owned by the present Duke of Portland was formed in 1878
by the purchase of good cows, among which were Georgina 2nd, Network,
a granddaughter of Telemachus, Lady Siddington, Queen of the Cressidas
2nd of the Warlaby Farewell tribe, and Vesper Bell. The sires comprised
Grand Ruth 46,469, his son Sir Gerald, and Wan- derer 50,622, a bull of the
Aylesby W. tribe by Warlaby Royal Studley 45,548. This herd, which was
kept at Clip- stone and Newlands, was dispersed in 1894. In 1906 a new herd
was formed at Welbeck with the object of combining milk-producing with
flesh-forming qualities. With this aim in view, six cows of the Waterloo
and Furbelow families were purchased privately from Mr. George Taylor
of Cranford, and others were selected from north country herds and from
Earl Manvers. Several of these cows have yielded 10,000 lbs. of milk in the
year. The bulls in service ate Mowbrick Royal Prince 77,306, bred by Mr.
Thompson, by Royal Boy 73,495, and Woolmers Viceroy 93,943 bred by Mr.
C. E. Wodehouse, by Viking 90,417. The herd now numbers about forty
head.
Wellow
The herd belonging to Rev. Le Gendre G. Horton was founded about 1875,
and comprises two families, viz, the Ladies, descended from Rose Tregunter
by Colonel Sir Robert Gunters Third Duke of Tregunter, which cow was pur-
chased from Mr. J. P. Chamberlain Starkie, of Ashton Hall, Lancashire. The
Lady Dennisons are an old and well descended tribe brought into Glouces-
tershire by Lord Sher- borne from Nottinghamshire, and has produced many
fine animals in the herds of Mr. Deane Willis, Mr. Thos. Mace, and other
distinguished breeders.
White Hall Farm, Brigstock

Mr. F. J. Stewards herd at Whitehall Farm, Brigstock, in Northampton-
shire, was founded in 1897, by the purchase of specimens of the Charmer
and Sweetheart tribes, as well as Barringtons and Waterloos. Animals were
also bought from the Sandringham herd, and from those of the late Mr.
P. L. Mills, Sir Alexander Hender- son, Sir H. H. Smiley, Lord Rothschild,
Mr. Preece, Mr. H. Dudding, Mr. R. W. Hobbs, Messrs. Dyke Bros., Mr.
0. Faulkner, and the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, as well as a number of the
Booth Brights and Flowers from Major Cradocks herd in Ireland. Among
the early bulls used were Scottish Beau, and his sons Extraordinary and
General Buller. These were followed by Barrington Boy 82,825, Imperial
Prince 81,312, Buscot Nonpareil 83,002, Ascott Star 90,714, Brigstock Vic-
tor 91,025, Duke of Barrington 70th 94,959, and Solid Silver 87,419. In
September, 1907, a sale of seventy-one head made an average of 33 is. each.
Whitewall
The Whitewall herd belonging to Mr. Alfred A. Haley, Whitewall, near
Malton, was established in the year 1900. The principal tribes represented
include the Wild Eyes, Seraphina, Rose, Gem, Wave, Missie, and Armath-
waite Butterfly. The most successful bull has been Sir George 77,891, bred
by Mr. J. Cran, by Abbotsford 2nd, from Merry Girl 6th by Roan Prince.
Major by Janissary 3rd from Missie 141st, and Butterfly Victor 3rd by Lord
Victor out of Armathwaite Butterfly 29th, also both left good stock behind
them. The herd has met with great success in the showyard, and a large
number of its members have from time to time been exported.
Woolmers Park
The Woolmers Park herd, the property of Mr. C. E. Wodehouse, has been
in existence since the early part of the forties, when the father of the present
owner purchased three cows in Northumberland, paying for them what was
at that time the high price of 50 gs. each. Among the earliest bulls used in
the herd were The Irishman 5446, bred by Mr. W. Dale, Rumour 7456, bred
by Mr. S. Wiley, and Marquis, that came from Mr. H. E.Surtees. Cattle of
deep milking propensities were exhibited almost from the commencement
at the Hertfordshire County Show, and in 1876 Countess of Archdale won
first at the Birmingham Show of the Royal Agricultural Society, and two
years later took first prize and the gold medal at the London Dairy Show.
From this cow a large portion of the present herd is descended. One of the
best descendants of Countess was Coronet ioth by Earl of Southrop 96th.
Besides winning a great number of prizes, including first at the Royal as the
best pedigree dairy Shorthorn, this cow was the dam of eight calves, all of
which were prize winners. The herd is bred especially for milk, but at the
same time the utmost care is exercised to retain the beef producing qualities
of the cattle.
Yewden and Remenham

Two herds are kept by the Hon. W. F. D. Smith, the one being located at
Yewden Farm, near Hambleden, and the other at Remenham. The principal
families and tribes represented are the Barmpton Rose, Barrington, Oxford,
Kirklevington, Wild Eyes, Sera- phina, Butterfly, and Old Daisy. The best
known bull that has been in use of late years is Rotherfield Augustus, bred
by Mr. J. Bruce, by Waverley from Augusta 6ist by Cap-A.pie. The cattle
are great milkers and yet possess abundance of flesh and much style. Exhi-
bition at the Shows has seldom been practised, but bull calves sent to the
Birmingham sales have generally commanded high prices.
Besides those mentioned in this chapter, there are a large number of

breeders who at different times have helped to further the interests of the
breed. It has been impossible, however, to refer to them all at length. In a
later chapter (the twentieth) information is given regarding a large number
of existing herds, some of which, not mentioned here, might, had space
permitted, have also been included among the foregoing brief notices.
Chapter 11
The breed in Scotland
The breeding of Shorthorns in Scotland was commenced towards the close of

the eighteenth century by Mr. William Robertson of Ladykirk, Berwick-on-
Tweed and General Simson of Pitcorthie, Fife. Prior to that time Teeswater
or Holderness bulls had been introduced with the view of improving the
stock in the northern division of Great Britain, but their success was not
very great, because such of the ancestors of the improved Shorthorn as then
went North were not themselves of a fixed type or of high individual merit.
The Old Statistical Account of Scotland (17911796) and the official reports
to the Board of Agriculture (17941795) contain numerous references to local
varieties of cattle, and also to some taken from England, and earlier still
Mr. Andrew Wight, farmer at Ormiston, East Lothian, in the records of
his Surveys, which were carried out for the Commissioners of the Annexed
Estates between the years 1775 and 1782, alluded to the introduction of
cattle from England, notably in his survey of Aberdeenshire in 1779, when
he mentioned that he had admired an English bull, Shorthorned, belonging
to Mr. Udny of Udny. He goes on to remark: His cows are good, some
from England, some from Berwickshire, and some of the very best of his
own country breed; he rejects the Lancaster breed and all that have long
horns.
Mr. Robertson and General Simson went to the fountain head for their
Shorthorns and selected some of the very best specimens in the possession
of the Collings and others. iVir. Robertson in 1790 bought the Newton Bull
bred by Mr. John Charge and sired by Dalton Duke i88 for 42. This it is
believed is the bull that is entered in the Herd Book as Lady- kirk 355. In
1791 he purchased from Charles Colling at the same price Lame Bull 357
(by James Browns White Bull 98). Among other Shorthorns bought by Mr.
Robertson from C. Colling at Ketton, prominent notice must be taken of
Young Strawberry, daughter of Maynards cow (the celebrated Favourite
or Lady Maynard), and Mary, described as out of Favourite and got by
Foijambe 263. Others will be mentioned in due course. Then it is worthy
347
348 CHAPTER 11. THE BREED IN SCOTLAND
of note that General Simson hired bulls from the Collings in 1789 and 1791,
using with remarkable success North Star 458, bred by Charles Coiling, this
being a son of Favourite 252 and Young Phcenix, and thus a full brother to
Comet 155.
11.1 The Ladykirk Herd

At the show of the Highland Society held at Inverness in 1836 Mr. Heriot,
son of the favourite tenant of Mr. Robertson read a paper on Shorthorns in
which he expressed the views of his landlord as to the origin and improve-
ment of the breed.
He mentioned that in the year 1789 Mr. Robertson of Ladykirk (then a
young gentleman of good fortune and enthusiastically attached to country
affairs) went to the county of Durham and the adjoining parts of Yorkshire,
accompanied by his father, on purpose to inspect narrowly the improved
breed of cattle, of the superior qualities of which he had heard so much.
He immediately saw the vast superiority of these cattle, and anticipated the
great improvement which has since taken place in the stock of the Border
counties by introducing the breed now called the Shorthorn.
To show the extent and importance of his transactions it may be men-
tioned that in the years 1789, 1790 and i791 Mr. Robertson purchased from
the Messrs. Coiling and Charge twenty-five females, which were in his opin-
ion the best of the respective stocks of those gentlemen, and two of their
best bulls. Thus some of the most valuable Shorthorns of that day were
transferred to the north side of the Tweed. The prices given for the cows
and heifers varied from 20 to 50 gs. One bull cost 40 gs., the other 50 gs.
As the result of these purchases, an extra price was for the first time put
upon Shorthorns, which in after years rose enormously. As an example of
the sums which Mr. Charles Coiling received a few years afterwards it was
mentioned that he sold a heifer to the late General Simson of Pitcorthie in
Fife for 300 gs. and at the Ketton sale, as is generally known, a single bull
brought 1000 gs.
Mr. Heriot stated that by pursuing for eight years the course of in-and-in
breeding practised at Ketton, Mr. Robert- sons cattle became delicate, and
many were lost, so that he was again obliged to apply to the Messrs. Coiling
for fresh and more distant blood than his own. He hired from Mr. Charles
Coiling the capital bull, Wellington 679, by Comet 155, out of Peeress by
Favourite 252, and the celebrated animals Midas 435, and Barmpton 54
from Mr. Robert Colling. He used them during ten years and his herd,
altogether clear of the alloy again became superb. The effect produced on
the race of cattle in the Border counties by the use of bulls of the pure breed
was remarkable. I perfectly recollect, added Mr. Heriot, the time when
generally speaking the cattle of Berwickshire and Roxburghshire, although
11.1. THE LADYKIRK HERD 349
of a breed of Shorthorns, were kept to a great age and then fattened with
difficulty; while now the race in these districts possess all the qualities of
profitable stock. The Improved Shorthorns are now spreading far and wide.
Mr. Robertson kept a list of the Shorthorns in his posession. He had
from Mr. Charles Coiling Young Straw- berry by Dalton Duke i88, out
of Lady Maynard, for which, when she was five years old, he paid 25 gs.
Lady Maynard was put to the Lame Bull 357 and produced a bull which,
when a calf sucking Strawberry, vas purchased by Mr. Robertson and was
used a good deal by him. This bull was called Lady Maynards Bull 356.
At Ketton Foljambe 263 had been put to Lady Maynard and produced a
red heifer called Mary, which was sold to Mr. Robertson for 30 gs. as
already referred to. C. Coilings Delight by Foljambe 263, and Wiley, called
by Mr. Coiling, Hannah, were also purchased. Mr. Robertson remarked
that he did not breed many bulls. He had had Lady Maynards Bull 356,
The Yellow Newton Bull (Ladykirk 355), The Lame Bull 357, and Sultan
6310. Barmpton 54 Midas 435 and Wellington 679 were hired. Sirius 598
by Midas 435, out of Rarity, was one of the principal bulls. From Mr. R.
Coiling the Hubbacks Cow was bought in 1789.
The following gives in more detail and in chronological order the bulls
used at Ladykirk with particulars as to their breeding. In 1790 the Newton
Bull (Ladykirk 355) bred by John Charge, got by Dalton Duke i88 (May-
nards Bull) out of a cow belonging to Mr. Charge; colour, lightish yellow;
price X42. In 1791, The Lame Bull 357 bought of C. Coiling got by a son
of Maynards Bull from a cow of Charges of Newton; price 42. In 17945,
the bull called here Lady Maynards Bull 356, bred by C. Coiling and got
by Lame Bull 357 from old Lady Maynard, the dam of Phcenix and Straw-
berry, and bought when a calf at Strawberrys foot ; price 5 5s. In 17957,
a bull by the Newton Bull out of the Broad-hooked roan Cow by Hubback
which was bred by R. Coiling. In 1796, Punch 513, hired from R. Coiling,
by the Broken-horned Bull 95; fee 35 gs. for the season. In 1798, a son of
Punch 531 out of a cow got by Lady Maynards Bull. In i8oo to 1805, Sultan
631, by a son of Punch 531, out of a daughter of Strawberry. From i8o6
to 1809, Red Bull, by Sultan out of Curled-horns. From i8io to 1812, the
roan Wellington 679, bred by C. Coiling, by Comet 155 out of Peeress by
Favourite 252; fee 40 gs. for the season. In 1813, 1814, i8i5, i8i6 and half of
1817 the roan Midas 435 (R.Coilings), by Phenomenon 491 out of Red Rose
by Favourite 252; fee 100 gs. for the season. The roan Barmpton 54 came
from R. Coiling, he was by George 215 out of Moss Rose by Favourite 252 ;
hire i6o gs. for season. In 1817 and i8i8, Sirius 598 was used, a very excellent
white bull by Midas 435 out of Rarity. In 1819 and 1820, he used Sirius and
Valentine 66i; the latter was got by Barmpton 54 out of Symbol by Midas
435 out of Cowslip; he was red and a capital bull but died when he was two
years old. Cato 119 was Masons bull got by Charles 127. Mr. Robertson
sent no less than seven of his best heifers to him and one to Charles 127.
He remarked, The sort produced were different from his own, coarser and
not good handlers. In 1822, 1823 and 1824, he used Diomed 974 by Cato i
i9 out of Alba. Aibion 731, calved 1822, was a white bull bred at Ladykirk;
he was by Diomed 974 out of White Pipe by Midas 435. Memnon 1218, a
roan (bred at Ladykirk), calved in 1824 by Diomed out of Hybla by Sirius
598, was also used. In April, 1830, Mr. Robertson exchanged the use of a
very nice yearling bull by Grey Diomed 2076, called Sea Guli 2607, for a bull
named Sultan 1485, bred by the late General Simson. Sultan was got by
General Simsons Jupiter 1147, dam General Simsons Phcenix, a roan cow
by North Star 458, which cow was sold to Mr. Curwen. Jupiter 1147 was by
C. Coilings North Star 458, own brother to Comet 55, dam by PLinch 53,
granddam by old Favourite 252.Sultan was bought when a calf, at General
Simsons sale. It was pointed out that the herd of Mr. Mason, of Chilton,
was much improved by the use of Satellite 1420, a bull bred at Ladykirk, by
Sirius 598, dam Rose by Wellington 679. Mr. Robertsons herd was sold in
1831 in consequence of the death of its owner.
It should be mentioned that many of the particulars regarding the La-
dykirk herd were obtained through the research of Mr. Alexander Ramsay,
L.L.D., Banif.
It will be seen that for about forty years Mr. Robertson had bred Short-
horns of the finest strains to be found, and that the choicest blood of the
brothers Coiling and of Charge were continuously infused into his herd. Its
influence was widespread throughout thetcountry. As already indicated, his
herd was resorted to by Mr. Mason of Chilton for a sire, and Satellite
1420 left a most favourable impression on that stock. Through the use of
Mr. Robertsons Caliph 1774 in the herds of the Hon. C. Arbuthnot, and
Sir Charles Knightley, the good qualities of the Ladykirk herd were also
disseminated.
Mr. Robertson devoted attention to the rearing and fattening of Short-
horn steers and oxen, and with the view of attracting notice to the superior
beef-producing properties of the breed he published the results. An ox, one
of the first Shorthorns bred by him, when slaughtered in 1794 at the age
of four years and ten months, veighed 145 stones (8 lbs. per stone) 3 lbs.
of meat, with 24 stones, 7 lbs. of tallow. Subsequently he rarely retained
feeding stock to that age, and the weights he was able to show for younger
animals were perhaps still more remarkable. A steer bred at Ladykirk and
slaughtered at the age of three years and one month yielded 123 stones of
meat, and 21 stones of tallow.
Living out of the district of the Shorthorn breed, Mr. Robertson must
have experienced considerable difficulty in carrying on his herd. The first
volume of the Herd Book was published in 1822, and although in the earlier
volumes there are entries of nineteen bulls bred by him, he was not within
the range of George Coates active missionary efforts on behalf of the register.
In the absence of railways, and with few shows in existence, it cannot have
11.2. PHANTASSIE 351
been an easy task for this enterprising pioneer to have spread the fame of
his herd, and that he accomplished so much is a testimony to his enterprise,
zeal, and ability.
11.2 Phantassie
Fortunately Mr. Robertson was aided in the work of expansion of the breed
and the proclamation of its merits by a man who was more accustomed to
a life of restless activity, and who was constantly turning over large lots
of cattle. This was Mr. John Rennie, of Phantassie, near Preston- kirk,
East Lothian, who became a follower of Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk, and
did much to extend the reputation of his herd. In the year i8i8 Mr. Rennie
introduced stock from the Ladykirk herd. It was he who, in November, 1821,
called the attention of the directors of the Highland and Agricultural Society
of Scotland to the desirability of establishing an annual show at Edinburgh
for the exhibition of fat stock, on something of the same principle as the
Smithfield Club. This suggestion vas adopted, and the first of the long
series of shows was held at Edinburgh in December, 1822. Mr. Rennie won
three first prizes for Shorthorns, and showed as extra stock twenty-three
Shorthorn bullocks, which exhibited uniformity of stamp and character that
would have done credit to a district in which the cultivation of this valuable
breed was better known. He also exhibited a two-year-old Shorthorn bull,
bred by Mr. Robertson of Ladykirk, got by his bull Sirius 598. Mr. Rennies
prize pair of Shorthorn oxen were also bred by Mr. Robertson. In 1823 the
chief honours of the show were again won by Mr. Rennie, who took first
prize in the class of Shorthorn oxen, and first prize in the class for oxen
showing most symmetry, fat, and weight. The prize oxen were both bred
by Mr. Robertson. One of his steers, only twenty months old, yielded i
i8 stones i lb. (Smithfield weight). He sent out many steers which, when
slaughtered at from two and a half to three years old, gave from 8o to ioo
imperial stones of meat; and in one year prior to 1830, he sold eighteen
two-and-a-half-year-old steers, whose dead weight ranged from 8 to 100
imperial stones and for which he received 33 a head. No doubt Mr. Rennies
early successes had much to do with the extension of the celebrity of the
breed, and in making the Ladykirk blood better known. After i8i8 Rennie
introduced three of his principal stock bulls from the county of Durham.
Among the sires he used were Satellite 1420, which subsequently went to
the Chilton herd and did much good there; and Pilot 496.For some of the
best animals of his own breeding he received from 50 gs. to 120 gs. Mr.
Wetherell sold to Mr. Rennie the bull St. Leger 1414 for 250 gs., and three
cows for oo gs. Between February i5th, 1827, and February 25th, 1828,
he held at Phantassie four public sales of cattle and sheep, the proceeds of
which amounted to 44,692. From an important sale on February i6th, 1827,
several well-bred animals went to the North East of Scotland, chiefly to Ury
and Shethin. Captain Barclay, of Ury, purchased Champion 865 by Pilot,
dam by Satellite 1420, for 105; and Mr. Hay, Shethin, the white bull Jerry
by Barmpton, dam by Welling- ton, for 32 us. Captain Barclay also bought
Rose by Satellite for 42, and Mursha by Leopold for 53.
11.3 Pitcorthie
General Simson, of Pitcorthie, Fifeshire, was one of the pioneers of Shorthorn
breeding in Scotland, having in 1789 and 1791 hired bulls from the brothers
Colling. From C. Colling, in 8o6, he purchased a cow for 300 gs., and hired
a bull for two years at a fee of 100 gs. per season. The cow was Mary,
out of Venus (the daughter of Phcenix and Ben 70), and got by Favourite
252, being thus own sister to one of the cows purchased from C. Coiling
by Mr. Bates in i8oo. The bull hired was North Star 458, own brother
to the iooo-gs. Comet 155.North Star was only a calf when selected by
General Simson, and he was not taken to Scotland until the spring of 1807.
General Simson declined to allow North Star to return to England, although
Mr. R. Coiling urgently pressed for this course, he having bespoken him for
Mr. C. Coiling before the Ketton sale in i8io. General Simson had only
a few cows to mate with the bull, but he retained him at ioo guineas per
season, until he died in i8i i, at the age of five years. North Star was a
valuable sire, and has left his impress on the Short- horns of the North of
Scotland. It was from the stock of North Star that Mr. Grey, of MilIfield,
latterly of Dilston, established his herd, while from Rolla, by North Star
458, a good many modern Shorthorns are descended. When North Star
died, the owners of Comet (his own brother) had an offer of 1500 gs. made
for that sire, then in his eighth year, the strain having so much increased
in value by that circumstance. Through Sultan 1485, the blood of North
Star was infused into the Ladykirk herd. The dispersion of the Pitcorthie
herd took place on October ith, i8i8, when thirty- seven animalstwelve cows,
five two-year-old heifers, four one-year-old heifers, seven bulls, three bull-
calves, and six heifer-calves, brought a total of 1388 gs., or an average of
nearly 1940 a head. A number of breeders from England attended, amongst
whom were Mr. Curwen and his nephew, Mr. Blamire, Mr. Thomson, and
Mr. Isborn, and they were among the principal purchasers. Of the Scottish
gentlemen present who purchased were Lords Kelly and Lyne- doch, Mr.
Stewart, of Hillside, Mr. Bruce, of Grange, and Mr. Ayton. The stock,
says a contemporary report, were considered to be uncommonly fine, as the
late proprietor spared no expense or trouble in producing them and keeping
them free from any improper cross. The English purchasers considered they
had got great bargains.
As evidence, according to an English judges opinion, of the value of the
11.3. PITCORTHIE 353
Pitcorthie Shorthorns, the following passage from a letter written by Mr.

Wiley, of Brandsby, to Mr. Cottrell, in February, 1833, may be here quoted:
Now I have got a bull out of the North, very much to my mind. He is of
great size; his breast is wide and deep; his shoulder- points are very fine;
his crops, fore-ribs, and girth are extraordinary; his hind ribs are the best,
and come the nearest to his hips (which are wide and handsome) I ever saw;
and, what is best of all, his inclination to fatten surpasses that of any bull
I ever fed. Do come and see him, and tell me what you think of him. His
breeding is nearest what I wished to have of anything, I dare say, I should
be able to procure. His name is Sultan, and he was bred by General Simson,
of Pitcorthie, Fifeshire. Here follows a statement of the pedigree as given in
the Herd Book, with comments, and Mr. Wiley adds: I am informed that
his great granddam was Venus, and that his granddam was sold by Mr. C.
Colling to General Simson for 300 gs.
The interesting letter from which this extract is taken was in the pQsses-
sion of the late Mr. Edward Bowly, of Sidding- ton, and was lent by him
to the late Mr. R. F. Housman, in the year 1863. At the time when that
letter was written, 1833, Sultan must have been fifteen years old (Herd Book
records birth in i8i8), a fact which speaks volumes for the constitution of
early pedigree Shorthorns.
Dickson, in his work on ”Live Stock“, has the following interesting notes
on the early Shorthorns in Scotland and the north of England, these being
based on personal observation
The principal breeders in Northumberland about fifty years

ago were the Culleys, the Comptons, the Smiths, the Greys, the
Thomsons, the Jobsons, Hunt, Curry, and many others, while
north of the Tweed was the late Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk,
who procured his first stock from Mr. Colling. The writer having
had frequent opportunities of inspecting Mr. Robertsons stock,
is enabled unhesitatingly to state that the animals comprising
it were unrivalled. Mr. Robertson kept about thirty breeding
cows, all of them perfect models. In colour they were generally
roan, light grey, and white, or rather cream coloured, and occa-
sionally bright blood red. The nose and mouth, and also about
the eyes, were cream- coloured; eyes full, lively, and prominent;
forehead broad, and from eyes to nose rather long, muzzle fine;
ears thin horns short and white; neck well set on, etc. At one
time Shorthorns were preferred with thin hides and thin silky
hair. iVir. Robertsons stock possessed great aptitude to fatten,
and fed to great weights at an early age. The stock arrived at
maturity at two years old. Mr. Robertson was a liberal man,
and did not demand such high prices for his stock as many other
breeders. He frequently sold and allowed the use of his best bulls
at moderate rates. To his own tenants he made no charge for the

use of bulls, consequently but little 2C inferior stock was to be
seen on his estate. As an illustration of the value of the stock,
it is stated that on an eminent breeder visiting Mr. Robertson
and seeing twenty cows pasturing in one field, he offered him 100
gs. each for the lot, which was refused.
The late Mr. John Rennie, after commencing his career as
a Shorthorn breeder, purchased many of his best animals from
Mr. Robertson; in fact, he for some years bought nearly the
whole of that gentlemans surplus stock, several of which were
sold at his great sale in 1827. The famed bull Romulus was bred
by Mr. Robertson, and purchased from him by Mr. Rennie.
This animal gained the Highland Societys premium for the best
bull at Edinburgh in 1827. Mr. Rennie also purchased from
Mr. Robertson a famous white cow when a heifer, which he
afterwards presented to Mr. Carnegie. This cow gained the
Border Union Agricultural Societys first prize at Coldstream,
and was the dam of Mr. Carnegies famous bull Edrom, which
obtained a premium on more than one occasion. This bull was
got by one bred by the late Mr. Mason, of Chilton. After Mr.
Robertsons decease, his stock were sold at very high prices to
many eminent breeders. Some of the best were purchased for
the Duke of Buccleuch, and among them the favourite high-bred
cow Vesta. Mr. Robertson followed the practice of breeding
in and in, as it is termed, the reason alleged being the fear of
deterioration by introducing other blood. Many of his cattle
in consequence showed a delicacy and weakness of constitution,
which no doubt arose from this cause.
The first breeder of Shorthorns in Scotland was General Sim-
son, in Fife, who selected his stock from the county of Durham.
Mr. John Rennie must, however, be considered the earliest
breeder on an extensive scale, and from his selections and breed-
ing many of the present high-bred stock in Scotland are de-
scended, the herd having been widely dispersed in 1827.
Other early breeders in Scotland were General Watson, in Fifeshire, who

is mentioned in T. Bells History as having bought Princess by Hubback from
Mr. C. Colling, in 1789; Mr. Abraham Wilson, father of Mr. John Wilson,
Edington Mains; Mr. Currie, Halkerston, Gorebridge; Mr. Milne, of Selkirk;
and Lady Mary Lindsay Crawfurd, of Crawford Priory.
The efforts of the breeders last named, however, were isolated, and the
systematic improvement of the breed was soon afterwards carried out on a
great scale further north by Captain Barclay, of Ury; Mr, Grant DuW of
Eden; Messrs. Amos and Anthony Cruickshank, Sittyton; Mr. Marr, Upper-
11.4. CAPTAIN BARCLAY OF URY AND HIS HERD 355
mill; Mr. Longmore, Rettie; Mr. Ferguson Simpson, of Pit four; Mr. Camp-
bell, Kinellar; and others. It is largely to their efforts that the further and
remarkable progress of the breed in Scotland is due, and their proceedings
will next engage attention. For the interesting and instructive accounts of
the Ury, Sittyton, Eden, Shethin, Kinellar, Pitfour, and Monyruy herds,
we are indebted to Mr. Thomas F. Jamieson, LL.D., Ellon, Aberdeenshire,
whose papers are given in full.
11.4 Captain Barclay of Ury and his herd

The first person to establish a herd of Shorthorns in the North of Scotland
was Captain Barclay of Ury, and as his stock was the source from which
many other breeders drew materials, it deserves more than a passing notice.
Barclay was the descendant of an old Kincardineshire family a fine race of
men, who for generations had been remarkable for their physical strength,
and some of them also for their intellectual and spiritual endowments. The
Captain inherited a full share of the thews and sinews, if not the nobler
qualities, of the breed, and was well known in his day for exploits which
showed his great muscular development and wonderful powers of endur-
ance. He was a staunch patron of the prize-ring, trained Tom Cribb and
the Game Chicken for their pugilistic matches, and was himself an ugly
customer with the fists. His friend, General Leith, of Glenkindie, a man of
even greater strength, used to boast that when he got Barclay in his clutches
he was too many for him. Ay, said the Captain, in his deep voice, but when
I had you at arms length I pinned you.
11.4.1 Early Purchases

The estate of Ury is pleasantly situated on the banks of the River Cowie, not
far from the seaport town of Stone- haven, and about sixteen miles south of
Aberdeen. In its original state it was a rugged subject. The old glaciers of
the Grampian Mountains had brought down a profusion of stones all over
the surface, but the Captains father was one of the greatest agricultural im-
provers of his day. a strong man, whom no difficulties could daunt, and no
labours tire. He trenched and drained, blew up the big stones with powder,
or tumbled them into the bed of the river, made roads, dykes, and planta-
tions, and spread great quantities of lime on the soil. He then introduced the
cultivation of turnips, brought skilful ploughmen and improved implements
from Norfolk, and thus, with immense labour, converted his rugged patri-
mony into a productive estate, so that when his son came into possession
he found himself the owner of a domain well suited for maintaining a herd
of fine cattle. Much of the soil of Ury is of a strong, heavy nature, capable
of growing good pasture, which was much encouraged by the great doses
of lime it got. It was about the year 1822 that Barclay began to turn his
attention to Shorthorns. His natural proclivities lay in the direction of field

sports and feats of strength, walking matches, boxing matches, fox-hunting,
dog-fighting, coaching adventures, and suchlike. Nevertheless, he had, like
his father, a genuine love for farming, and took kindly to the Shorthorns.
YVetherell, the auctioneer, seems to have been his guide, philosopher, and
friend in this speculation, and probably he could not have had a better
adviser, for Wetherell was a first-rate judge, and seems to have had no un-
due bias for any particular strain of the breed, but he also took counsel with
Hugh Watson of Keillor, and Deacon Williamson of Aberdeen. When Mason
of Chiltons herd was sold off, in 1829, Barclay got Lady Sarah (No. 20) for
150 gs. Her dam was a fine, massive roan cow called Portia, whose portrait
is in the Herd Book. Portia went to Mr. J. C. Maynard, and became the
dam of his bull Velocipede 5552. Lady Sarah was also a roan, and, I believe,
was considered the finest cow at Masons sale. She was then three years old,
and seems to have been in calf to Masons bull Monarch 2324. After arriving
at Ury she produced the bull known as Captain Barclays Monarch 4495.
Lady Sarah proved a good investment, and probably few better animals
of the breed ever came to the North of Scotland. At Ury she gave birth
to other three bulls, viz. Nahomed 6170, Pedestrian 7321, and Sovercign
7539 ; likewise to three females, viz. Julia, Cecily, and Helen. Mahomed
and Sovereign were full brothers, and both very in-bred, being out of Lady
Sarah by her own son Monarch 4495. Mahomed, when a calf was sold in
1836 for 70 to Sir Francis McKenzie, of Gairloch, and, turning out a very fine
animal, was bought back by Barclay in 1839. At Ury he appears to have
been used up to 1841, and became the sire of Turk 7651 and The Pacha
7612, the latter a well-known bull, much used at Ury, and the progenitor of
many animals whose descendants are still to be found in various Aberdeen-
shire herds. Sovereign went to Mr. Rennie, of Kinblethmont, in Forfarshire;
and Pedestrian to Mr. Hunt, of Thornington, near Coldstream. Julia, when
seven years old, was sold to Mr. Grey, Northumberland, while Cecily and
Helen went to Mr. Pollock, of county Meath, in Ireland, along with some
of her produce, and descendants of these two cows lArere afterwards to be
found in the noted herds of Mr. Barnes, of Westland, and Mr. J. G. Grove.
Barclays cattle were for the most part robust animals, of good size and sub-
stance, for the Captain was not the man to tolerate anything puny or weak
about him. Lady Sarah and her brood seem to have been his best, and her
son, Monarch 4495, appears to have been his most successful sire.
11.4.2 The 1838 Sale

On September 7, 1838, Barclay, for some reason or other probably to re-
plenish his exchequersold off the whole of his Shorthorns, and afterwards
bought in a fresh lot. This sale was well attended, and the cattle brought
good prices. Messrs. Pollock and Fox from Ireland carried off several of the
best. After the sale the purchasers were entertained to dinner; and Barclay,
in the course of a speech, returning thanks for his health, said:
Whatever breed you make up your mind to have you should,

without any regard to expense, get the very best blood that can
be found, and in the long run you will be remunerated. I once
placed an order in Mr. Mason’s hands - and there was no man
such a real judge as he wasto purchase the very best, and he
bought a heifer for 150 gs. My friends thought I was fitter to be
put in a lunatic asylum than to be a breeder of Shorthorns, but
the result showed that I was right.
Wetherell also, in proposing the health of Mr. Hopper, who had come 300
miles to attend the sale, took occasion to remark that Mason was the clever-
est breeder of Shorthorns that ever was in the world. About eighty head
of cattle were sold at this sale in 1838. The highest price was 130 gs., paid
by Mr Fox for a four- year-old cow called Lily by Monarch, out of Julia,
a daughter of Lady Sarah. One hundred guineas was paid by Mr. Pollock
for Violet, a full sister of Lilys. The total sum realised for the cattle was
about 3000. Lady Sarah herself, then thirteen years old, was taken out by
Wetherell at 40 gs. I have been told that she went to Hugh Watson of Keil-
lor, the great breeder of black polled cattle. If so, among her other good
deeds she may have helped to improve the blacks. Mr. Watson, at all events,
bought other two of the Shorthorn cows at this saleviz. Lucy by Mars, and
Susan by Champion. Barclays first herd seems to have had a large amount of
Mason blood, and was also much indebted to the influence of the Ladykirk
bull Satellite 1420, a roan of excellent breeding, descended on both sides
from the stock of Charles and Robert Colling. Lady Sarah was by Satellite,
and a bull much used at Ury, called Invalide, was also by S3ltellite, or a
son of Satellite (see Herd Book, Nos. 4076 and 9237). Barclay also had a
cow called Rose by Satellite, and another named Ruby by the same sire.
Some of the other principal matrons of the first herd were Lucy by Mars 41
i, Rosebud by St. Leger 14x4, Magnet by Magnet 392, Flora by Columella
904, and Marcia by Mars, which last seems to have been Invalides dam.
In addition to the bulls already mentioned, the three following were used
in the first herd, viz. Hector 3998, Champion 865, and Commander 3439.
All of these had Satellite blood in them except Commander, who appears
to have been bred by Mr. Champion, of Blyth, in Nottingham- shire; but
Invalide and Monarch 4495 seem to have been the principal sires of the first
herd. A son of Monarch named Emperor 3716 was also used, and Young
Com- mander 3443.
11.4.3 The second herd

After disposing of his first herd, Barclay got ten cows and heifers from a sale
of the Hon. J. B. Simpsons at Babworth, in Nottinghamshire. Wetherell
also picked up some more heifers and calves for him at Mr. Burrows sale
at Carleton Hall, near Carlisle, in the same year, at very moderate prices.
One of the best coxvs, if not the best, of this second herd was Julia, a roan,
by Paganini 2405, but by whom bred I dont know. She had a good deal of
Booth blood in her, and was the dam of two bulls afterwards much used by
Barclay, viz. Pacha 7612, and The Duke 7593, but her sire Paganini was full
of Colonel Cradocks blood.
In 1842 Bates Second Duke of Northumberland 3646 was hired for service
at Ury. He was full brother of the first Duke of that name, and therefore the
very crI uze de la cK;;ic of Bates blood. Nevertheless, he did not leave a high
reputation in the North country as a stock-getter. He is said to have had bad
hair and a bad temper. There was also a rumour, which I fain would hush,
that he had a black nose. After serving a year at IJry, he was transferred
to Mr. Grant Duffs herd at Eden, where he served two seasons, and got at
least one good bull, called Duplicate Duke 6952, after which he was returned
to England. Barclays Duke 7593 was also one of his get, and he, along with
Mahomeds son, The Pacha, were the sires employed during the remaining
period of the herds existence. On September 22nd, 1847, all the Short- horns
at Ury were finally dispersed, Wetherell being the auctioneer. There were
about ninety of them altogetherviz. forty-two cows, besides heifers, calves,
and an old bull. Prices were not so good as at the previous sale, and the
material of this second herd was probably inferior to that of the first. The
forty-two cows averaged .C zi. 14s. apiece, the highest being Rosamond by
Sultan 5349, which went to Mr. Long- more, of Rettie, at 73 gs., and Molly
by The Pacha, bought by Mr. Hay, Shethin, for 7 gs. The total proceeds for
ninety-one animals was 2826 12s., or 1731 Is. 2d. of an average. Most of
the purchasers on this occasion were from Aberdeenshire and the adjoining
counties. There seems to have been no English or Irish breeders present.
Mr. Camp- bell, of Kinellar, here laid the foundation of his herd by the
purchase of two heifers got by The Pacha 7612. Others were bought by
Messrs. Whitehead, of Little Methlick; Harvey, of Tillygreig; Cruickshank,
of Sittyton; Hay, of Shethin; Morison, of Bognie, etc, and contributed more
or less to the foundation of their herds. I believe most of these breeders
afterwards found that the blood they got from Barclays stock was about the
best they had.
Barclay also had sales of bull calves and surplus stock occasionally at
Ury, and hospitably entertained the purchasers to dinner after the sale was
over. A gentleman who was present on one of these occasions along with a
neighbour has described to me his after-dinner experience of the proceedings.
The Captain sat at one end of the table behind a huge round of beef, and,
after the company had done justice to the more solid viands, whisky punch
was introduced. My friend, mindful of the long Scots miles that lay between
him and his home, said to his companion, Well just take one tumbler of
toddy, and then well start. But, on making for the door, they found, to
their dismay, that it was securely locked, and had to resume their seats.
They remarked, however, that a fresh supply of hot water would soon be
wanted, and they resolved that, as soon as the servant opened the door,
they would take the opportunity and bolt immediately. But, behold, when
the call was made for more water, instead of the door being opened, a little
boy emerged through a hole in the wall with the necessary supplies, and no
mode of exit was to be found! After the night was well spent, and some of
the guests had well nigh succumbed to the influence of their potations, the
doors were flung open, and the Captain said, Well, gentlemen, look about
and see if you can find beds for yourselves. I dont know that we have got
rooms for you all, but those who are unable to find accommodation can just
sit here with me, and I will keep you company till morning.
Captain Barclays enterprise gave the first stimulus to Shorthorn breed-
ing in the North of Scotland. The young bulls annually sold from his herd
were scattered over the country and used in the first place to cross the na-
tive breed of black cattle. The result proved so beneficial that crossing in
this way soon became the general practice, so much so that ultimately very
few black beasts remained which had not some Shorthorn blood in their
veins. The demand for bulls thus went on increasing, and other parties were
thereby induced to establish pure herds. Grant Duffi of Eden; Hutcheson,
of Monyruy; Boswell, of Kingcausie; the Cruick- shanks, of Sittyton; Long-
more, of Rettie; Hay, of Shethin; and various others gradually took up the
enterprise.
As I have already mentioned, Captain Barclays Monarch 4495 seems to
have been decidedly his best Shorthorn sire. He was got by Masons Monarch
2324, who, in the Herd Book, is said to have been got by Satellite 1420, but
at Masons sale Wetherell stated that Monarch was got by St. Albans 1412,
and not by Satellite, and Thomas Bates always insisted St. Albans was
the bull that improved Masons herd, and that the stock after him showed
a decided superiority at the sale. However that may be, Barclays Monarch
at all events proved an excellent getter. The highest-priced cows at the sale
were all by him, three of them averaging over 100 gs. apiece. He was also the
sire of Mahomed 617o, Emperor 8 i6, Sultan 5349, and several other noted
bulls, among whom I may mention Billy 3151, who was a very fine animal
and got also much good stock. He was bought as a calf by Hutcheson,
of Monyruy, who afterwards sold him at a high price to Mr. Boswell, of
Kingcausie. His colour was light roan, almost white, forehead broad, eyes
prominent and mild, horns very short and pointing towards his ears, carcase
lengthy and deep on short legs, he had also a very fine temper. At eight
years old his live weight was 25 cwt., and his girth round the heart 8 ft. 4 ins.
He was very heavy in front, but not so neat and good in his hind quarters.
In the Sittyton herd there were at one time no fewer than sixty females
descended from cows got by this Billy 3151, who must not be confounded
with another Billy 8888, also bred by Barclay, and got by his bull Monarch,
and which belonged to Mr. William Hay, of Shethin, and was the sire of his
bull Kelly 9264. This Billy was white, and, like his namesake, was out of a
cow got by Invalide, so that the two were of very similar breeding.
Barclay, whose appearance I well remember, was a man of medium height
or somewhat over it, not very square or wide in his shoulders, but with
powerful limbs and a body rather round than broadly built. He usually
wore knee- breeches, and top boots, a green coat with gilt buttons, and a
black beaver hat, which was often decidedly shabby and weather-beaten,
for the Captain didnt carry an umbrella. His countenance was heavy, voice
deep, speech slow and deliberate; he walked with a composed and measured
step, his whole bearing and carriage indicating the athletic type of man. He
died in 1854, at the age of seventy-five, leaving no son to succeed him, and
the Ury estate was soon afterwards sold to Mr. Baird.
11.5 The Sittyton herd

11.5.1 Sketch of the brothers Cruickshank
On May 27th, 1895, Amos Cruickshank, the herdsman of Aberdeenshire,
passed away. He was the last surviving partner of the original firm of A.
Cruickshank, owners of the Sittyton herd of Shorthorns. The firm consisted
of the two brothers, Amos and Anthony Cruickshank. The family were
Quakers, and their forefathers had long been resident, as farmers, in the
lower part of Aberdeenshire. Anthony, the younger of the two, died on
January 3rd, 1879, at the comparatively early age of sixty-six, while Amos
attained the patriarchal term of eighty-seven years. Both were brought up
on their fathers farm near Inverurie, but while the elder brother stayed
at home to cultivate his native fields, the younger one departed to push
his fortune in the fields of commerce. After serving his apprenticeship in
Edinburgh, Anthony started business on his own account as a hosier and
glover in Aberdeen. Being of an active, enterprising disposition, he did
not confine himself to the affairs of his shop, but engaged in several other
undertakings. He became director of one of the local banks, and also of
some important joint stock companies. In all these speculations his sound
judgment, clear head, and excellent business habits made him generally
successful. The Royal Northern Agricultural Society, one of the best of our
provincial associations, originated, I believe, in Anthonys back shop, where
some of the more prominent breeders occasionally dropped in to have a talk
with him while in town. He broached his plan to Messrs. Barclay, of Ury,
Grant Duff of Eden, and Boswell, of Kingcausie. The society was started in
11.5. THE SITTYTON HERD 361
1844, and the first show held that August. About eight years before this he
had joined his brother Amos in a lease of the farm of Sittyton and, as his
other affairs continued to prosper, he found himself able to devote more and
more capital to this new speculation. The large Shorthorn herd I have no
doubt owed its existence, and its extensive development, in a great measure
to the enterprising spirit of Anthony.
The two brothers made an excellent combination, but in some ways were
very unlike. Anthony was the keener, brighter, more intellectual spirit of
the two. He had a fine voice, and dark bright eyes, the sparkle of which
denoted a high degree of intelligence. Amos was stouter built, of a quieter
and more phlegmatic type. The one was always ready to converse; the other
was of a silent sort. No inter- viewer or newspaper correspondent could make
anything of Amos; even the genial Druid failed to draw him. Anthony would
discuss the merits of an animal in detail, be it Shorthorn or Clydesdale, and
give a reason for the faith that was in him; but it required almost a surgical
operation to get any deliverance on the subject from Amos. A good beast or
not a good beast was about all you might expect. Anthony attended to the
Herd Book entries, the advertising and the preparing of catalogues and, I
believe, named all the animals ; but the practical management of the farms
and herd devolved, of course, on his brother. In their numerous purchases
of stock Anthony looked much to show yard reputation and pedigree; Amos
almost entirely to the personal appearance of the animal itself, and he had
his own notions of what constituted a good sort. I had often great battles,
he told me, with Anthony about the bulls we were to use. A vast deal
of money was spent in the purchase of animals that did no good whatever.
Amos did not bother much with the Herd Book and, I am told, could seldom
be got to look at it. In this respect, I believe, he resembled Richard Booth,
Wilkinson, of Lenton, and many other noted breeders. His brothers object,
in a large measure, was to make the undertaking a commercial success. Fle
studied what would attract and please his customers. Amos, on the other
hand, had the eye of a breeder, and strove to get his animals of the type
that pleased himself. He seemed to have an intuitive knowledge of what
constituted a good beast, and the development of that which is known as
the Cruickshank type of Shorthorn I believe to have been almost entirely
due to Amos. He devoted himself wholly to the management of his farms
and herd. Being a bachelor he had no family cares to distract his attention.
For him
No children ran to lisp their sires return
Or climbed his knees the envied kiss to share.
By the way,.can any one explain how it is that so many of our first-class
breeders of cattle have been bachelors. There was Bakewell, to begin with,
Robert Colling, Thomas Bates, Mason, of Chilton, Richard Booth, Wilkin-
son, of Lenton and Torralmost all the old masters, in fact. Charles Coiling,
to be sure, was a married man, but he had no family, and his wife was a
smart woman with nearly as great a turn for herd matters as himself, so
that he can scarcely be said to form an exception. The inference seems to
be that if a man wants to get to the top of the tree as a breeder of Short-
horns he must abjure matrimony. The business seems to be so absorbing,
so engrossing, as to demand the undivided allegiance of its votaries. Amos
Cruickshank, at all events, was no exception to the rule. He was a devout
and pious Quakera typical one indeed. No angry, or even hasty, word seemed
ever to escape his lips. His relations with those under him were accordingly
very happy and smooth. He seemed to have laid well to heart the precept
which says, Let thy communication be yea, yeanay, nay, for whatsoever
is more than these cometh of evil. Steady of purpose, and not easily dis-
couraged, he was one of those who, with an honest and good heart, bring
forth fruit with patience. Nothing seemed to ruffle the even placidity of his
temper. When the 400-guinea bull Master Butterfly 2nd came to grief soon
after his arrival, Amos philosophically remarked, It is the best thing that
could have happened, for he would only have done mischief in the herd; he
hasnt died a day-too soon. His success as a breeder was no doubt due to
the patient, persevering nature of the man, his innate turn for the pursuit,
and also, perhaps, in some degree, to the fact that he was totally devoid
of any senti- mental notions about blood and pedigree. He looked at the
animal squarely as it stood before him; if it didnt come up to his standard
it mattered not what the pedigree was or who the breeder. I remember
visiting him on one occasion shortly after the arrival of some cows bought
(but not by himself) from a distant herd. They had splendid pedigrees of
great length with roan Duchesses and I know not what, all running back
to Frederick, Belvedere, and many a far-famed sire, but they lacked the
substance, flesh and hair, which Amos loved. As he pointed them out he
could not conceal his dissatisfaction. Not one of them would please him. I
ventured to remark that some of them looked to be milky. They may have
some milk, said he, gloomily, but that is about the only thing about them.
Long experience and observation had made him a thorough judge. For half
a century he had watched over a herd of Shorthorns, which for many years
was the largest in the kingdom, and which sent out animals that have made
the fortunes of other herds, not only in this country but in other lands. He
enjoyed a long, healthy life, due partly to his good constitution and also
to his regular, temperate habits. Notwithstanding his great age, his mind
remained wonderfully clear to the very last. He was a type of character
rarely met with nowadays: so free from all vanity, affectation, and humbug;
so unpretending, simple, and true. As some one well said, There was only
one Amos Cruickshank, and he is gone.
The breezy call of incense breathing morn No more shall rouse

him from his lowly bed.
I regret much that he could not be prevailed upon to draw up or dictate

some notes of his long experience as a breeder, but he seemed to have no
inclination whatever to do so. I got Mr. McCombie persuaded to publish his
book, but I completely fajled to induce our great Shorthorn breeder to do
anything of the kind, although I urged the matter strongly and repeatedly.
11.5.2 Sittyton and its surroundings

The farm of Sittyton lies some twelve miles north-west of Aberdeen. You go
off the Buchan Railway at New Machar Station, where a fine view is got on a
clear day of the Grampian Mountains to the west. The eye ranges along past
the bold ridge of Benachie onwards to Byrons Morven, with dark Lochnagar
sleeping in the far distance. You find your way north along the old turnpike
road which leads from Aberdeen to Tarves. Farms of moderate size lie on
either side, with a few patches of trees. After a mile or so of this nature you
turn off to the left, between the hedges of the home farm of Straloch, and past
some plantations, where the soft murmur of the wood pigeon and the cawing
of rooks fall on the ear. Emerging from the trees, you find Sittyton right
before you. The situation is rather a secluded one. The farm is bordered on
the south by the woods and policies of Straloch, of which estate it forms a
part, and on the west by an undulating ridge of higher ground that divides
it from the basin of the River Don. There are no special advantages in the
way of climate, for the harvests are rather late, and although there is some
shelter alongside the plantations of Straloch, the other fields are quite bare,
and divided by the stone dykes which come in place of the hedges so common
in England. Here Mr. Cruickshank established himself in 1837, being then
twenty-nine years of age, and here he all along remained; for, although other
farms were taken from time to time to meet the growing requirements of the
herds, Sittyton continued to be the home of Amos to the last. The house
is a very plain two-storey one, with a small porch and neat little garden in
front, a dwelling quite in keeping with the quiet, unpretentious character of
its tenant. The holding at first consisted of about 260 acres, much of it in
poor condition, so that a great deal had to be done in the way draining,
trenching, building, and other improvements.
11.5.3 First purchases

In 1837 he paid a visit to Durham, and brought home his first Shorthorn,
a single heifer. Next year a trip was made to Nottingham, and from that
quarter about a dozen heifers were picked up. In the course of ten years the
Short- horns gradually multiplied until they numbered about fifty females.
In order to give scope for further increase, the neighbouring farm of the
Clyne was then taken in hand. It marches with Sittyton on the north side,
and is of about equal size; the extent of ground was therefore doubled, and
now amounted to about 500 acres. This, of course, enabled a much larger
stock to be kept, and in a few years the herd was doubled also. Another
holding of 130 acres, called Longside, was next rented. It lies a few miles
north-west of Sittyton, and contains some good soil. Still the herd grew on,
and in i8 Anthony negotiated a lease of the fine farm of Mains of Udny,
some five or six miles distant from Sittyton, which brought up the acreage to
900. Even this was found to be insufficient for the enterprising spirit of the
two brothers, and eventually a small place, called Middleton, which borders
Sittyton on the south side, was added, so that the total extent of ground
occupied at length amounted to about 1000 acres. When at its largest, the
herd ranked fully 300 head, and the greatest number of bull-calves in any
one year was eighty- four. The period of full development would be from
about i86o to 1873. In the latter year the lease of Longside fell out, and
that of Mains of Udny in 1876. This led to a considerable reduction of
numbers, but the Clyne and Middleton remained attached to Sittyton till
the final dispersion of the stock in 1889. Even at that time the holding
embraced about 6oo acres, and the last herd catalogue, which was issued in
i888, still showed a muster roll of 120 females of all ages.
The first of these catalogues were drawn up in December, 1845, and
contained a list of twenty-nine cows. They continued to be printed regularly
every year on till 1865, and showed a continual increase in the number of
animals. After that they were made up every third year. No large herd
probably could show such a regular, continuous, and carefully- drawn-out
record of its composition. This I have no doubt was due in a great measure to
the methodical business habits of Anthony. He died in 1879, but an interest
in the herd was retained by his two sons until the end. Amos, therefore,
had never altogether a free hand in the control of matters; but latterly, and
more especially after his brothers death, I imagine he took things pretty
much his own way. It was during this periodthat is to say, the last ten
years of the herds existencethat the greatest stride was made in developing
the wished-for type of animal, and also in securing uniformity of character.
Some few years before their fathers death his nephews had established, at
great trouble and expense, a pure Booth herd at Lethenty, so that Amos
was left more to his own devices. The craze for pure pedigree breeding had
then reached its acme, and may be said to have culminated at Mr. W Torrs
areat sale in 1875, when eighty- b five cloven-footed beasts went for 43,000.
To get hold of a few cows of pure Warlaby or Kirklevington blood was then
no ordinary market job. Money seemed to be of no value in comparison
with such a possession. It said much for the independent judgment of Amos
Cruickshank that he never allowed himself to be led aside by the mania of
the period, but held on the even tenor of his way.
In starting the herd, and for many a long year after, no attempt seems to
have been made to keep to any particular line of blood. Cows were got from
all quarters, some from Durham, some from Notts, some from York, some
from Lincoln. Wherever there was any important sale of Short- horns in the
northern counties, there were the brothers Cruickshank, one or both, at the
side of the ring ready to pick up a few lots to swell their fast growing herd
at home. Occasionally sales in England, and even in Ireland, were visited,
but in making these purchases no special preference can be perceived for the
blood of Booth, Bates, Mason, or any other strain. Good beasts at moderate
prices, that seems to have been the object chiefly kept in view. When any
noted breeder in Aberdeenshire or the neighbouring counties dropped from
the ranks, and his stock came to be sold, the opportunity was taken to
secure some of the best cows and heifers. In this way many good animals
were picked up at Ury, Mains of Pitfour, Monyrny, Kingcausie, Eden, etc.
It would serve no good purpose to enumerate all these purchases, even were
it possible to do so. I shall, therefore, notice only those which had some
important or abiding influence on the character and fortunes of the herd, or
which founded families that remained long in it. Many visits were made to
England in search of bulls, but in buying a bull not infrequently a cow or
heifer was brought north along with him.
11.5.4 Sires selected

In regard to the bulls used during at least the first thirty years, we also
discover no attempt at abiding by any one strain of blood. The first one or
two home-bred ones kept for service having not proved a great success, very
few others were retained, almost none indeed, the idea then being that it
was better to get them from England. In this respect the practice differed
from that of Mr. Hay, of Shethin, who during the most successful part of
his career bred his own bulls. He was almost the only northern breeder
of any mark who ventured to adopt this plan, unless it were Barclay of
Ury, but the result in both cases justified the soundness of the practice. At
Sittyton, sires of Ury blood were at first used; these were followed by others
bred by Messrs. Torr, Wiley, Smith, of West Rasen, Richard Chaloner,
Linton, of Sheriff Hutton, Mr. Ambler, Colonel Towneley, Stewart, of South-
wick, Wilkinson, of Lenton, Unthank, Douglas, of Athelstane- ford, Stirling
Maxwell, of Keir, the Prince Consort, Jonathan Peel, the Duke of Montrose,
Mr. Foljambe, Mr. Pawlett, and Mr. Willis, Carperby. The Booth element
on the whole prevailed, but it is worthy of note that no direct purchase was
ever made from either Warlaby or Killerby, nor were any bulls hired from
thence. Some leaning can be perceived towards the Old Cherry blood of
Colonel Cradock, but the Bates element seems to have been avoided, in so
far at least as regards the bulls used, although a Waterloo heifer was bought
at the Kirklevington sale in 1850. The herd, therefore, from its origin
up to the time it attained its maximum size, was decidedly a very mixed
one. It was only in the latter part of its existence that some uniformity
was attained by the continued use of home-bred bulls of the Champion of
England blood. The employment of these appears to have been induced by

observing the fine, thriving, substantial character of the Champions stock,
and the general satisfaction his bull-calves gave to the farmers who bought
them. Hardly any Shorthorn breeders, indeed, would have anything to do
with them, as the Champion himself had no show-yard reputation, and was
not blessed with a fashionable pedigree. He had once been sent to England
for exhibition as a young bull of some promise, but the judges failed to see
it, and dismissed him, I am told, without honours to his stall. Nevertheless,
his owners did not lose faith in him, but continued to use him for no fewer
than ten successive seasons, until his blood was worked into the whole stock.
In the herd catalogue of i868 the following significant little note was inserted
Champion of England is never out of condition; he is, how-

ever, more valuable in the pastures than to send to a show-yard.
He was remarkable as a calf for quality, substance, and fine hair;
he has throughout continued so. He is from a fine milking tribe,
and his produce, which are very numerous, partake of the char-
acter of their sire, and are undoubtedly the right sort for a rent-
paying farmer.
From that date onward the bulls most in use were descended from this
animal. Others of alien blood were tried for a time, but generally found
wanting, and latterly, for the last ten years or so, no outsiders were employed
at all. Amos put down his foot, and would have no more of them.
Bulls used at the commencement

The first bulls used at Sittyton were mostly from Mr. Barclay of Urys
stock. Mr. Barclays herd, as a rule seems to have been composed of animals
of good constitution. He was a man who would probably look well to that
point himself and he had for his chief adviser Mr. Wetherell, the auctioneer,
who was not only a good all-round judge, but, as the Druid tells us, made
constitution his leading tenet. There is, indeed, nothing of more importance
in cattle breeding, for without it all other qualities are in a manner rendered
useless. Too little attention is paid to this in our show-yards. Features
of comparatively little value are often allowed to count for more than those
that indicate vigorous health and a robust, thriving constitution. As regards
these latter requirements, nothing seems to have answered better than
Masons Lady Sarah and her progeny. Amos Cruickshank, in one of the last
letters I had from him, written after the experience of a long life, says : I
question if ever there was a better breed of Shorthorns, either in England,
Scotland, or anywhere else, than the Lady Sarah tribe. This, from such a
man, is a high testimonial. It is remarkable, however, how soon such a tribe
may degenerate when crossed by unsuitable blood. Some of the highest
priced of the family were bought by Mr. Pollock, at Mr. Barclays first
sale, in 1838, and Mr. Cruick- shank, in his letter, goes on to relate how
several years after he went across to Ireland, to Mr. Pollocks sale, with the
express object of recovering some of this blood. He fully intended to have
brought back a few with him to Aber.. deenshire, but found they had so
much deteriorated in the interval that he did not buy a single one. They
were, he says, very bad.
The first Ury bull owned by Messrs. Cruickshank was Inkhorn 6091,
so called because he came from the farm of Mains of Inkhorn. He was a
white, bred by Mr. Barclay, but his sire is unknown, Mr. Barclay, I am
told, was very careless in the matter of recording, and seldom entered his
animals in the Herd Book. The next purchase was a couple of bull-calves,
Chancellor 5850 and Premier 6308. The herd being then small, only one was
required. Chancellor was therefore sold to Mr. Bruce, of Heatherwick, and
Premier kept; but the former turned out the better, the latter being only
fair. Conqueror 6884 (like Chancellor and Premier), another son of Barclays
Mahomed, was bought as an aged bull from Mr. Reid, Leuchlands. Before
the herd was fairly established, cows were occasionally sent for service from
Sittyton to the neighbouring farm of Wester Fintray, then occupied by Mr.
James Walker, who, although better known as a breeder of black cattle, had
yet often a very good Shorthorn bull in his possession. In this way Sovereign
7539 and General Picton 3876 appear in some of the early pedigrees. Both
these belonged to Mr. Walker. I find there was also a bull called Earl
of Durham 2nd 6954, which was the joint property of Mr. Walker and the
Cruickshanks. The first bull of note, however, was Fairfax Royal 6987, a rich
dark roan, bred by Mr. forr. He had been bought as a calf by Mr. Watson, of
Walkeringham, for 100 gs., and was exposed at his sale on September 15th,
1845, when rising two years old. Amos, who made the purchase, had to pay
i o gs. for him. Fairfax Royal was a very fine animal, and a special favourite
with Amos. He took first prize at Aberdeen in 1847, when I remember seeing
him. For personal appearance he and Forth were reckoned the two finest-
looking bulls ever at Sittyton. Fairfax Royal, however, was in service for only
three seasons, after which he was unfortunately lost by getting a leg injured.
As to his stock, Amos told me some were very good, but about two-thirds
were indifferent. His heifers, I am told, had this peculiarity, that many of
them would not breed until three years old, but, when once started, bred
regularly and well. Several, however, were sold fat to the butcher before this
was discovered. One of his bull-calves, viz., Prince Edward Fairfax 9506, was
retained for service, but does not seem to have been kept long. I remember
having seen the cow Carmine Rose by Fairfax Royal, which appears in the
pedigree of the Violet family. She was a grand beast, very fat, and had
been put to the plough for a while to get her to breed. 2D
Other sires introduced
The next purchase was Hudson 9228, hi-ed by W. Linton, of Sheriff Hutton,
in Yorkshire. Hudson had been first at the Yorkshire Show, and also at
the Royal as a young bull in 1848. Amos went to see him soon after that,
but was not very favourably impressed. Hudson was a yellow-red bull of
uncommonly good quality, but small in size. He was bought because nothing
more suitable seemed likely to turn up at the time, and was sold after a years
service. Two cows by him, both yellow-reds, and of excellent quality, were
kept. China Rose, one of them, was out of Carmine Rose, mentioned above.
A roan bull called Report 10,704 was next hired from his breeder, Mr. S.
Wiley, of Brandsby. Report did well; he was neat and compact, but smallish,
and is chiefly remembered as the sire of a remarkably fine cow, Buttercup,
which had both substance and style in an unusual degree. In 1850, the
roan bull Velvet Jacket 10,998, bred by Mr. Unthank, was brought from
Mr. Douglas, of Athelstaneford. This animal was first as a yearling at
the Highland Societys Show and also at Aberdeen that same year. Mr.
Douglas had bought him as a calf, and while in his possession had put him
to Rose of Autumn, one of his best cows. The result was Rose of Summer,
perhaps the most notable animal Mr. Douglas ever bred; but before Velvet
Jackets merits as a sire had time to be discovered, Mr. Douglas sold him
to Amos Cruickshank for f5o. Amos considered him a good- looking beast;
but, happening soon after to see his dam, he thought her so very bad that
he sold Velvet Jacket at the first opportunity. The few calves Velvet Jacket
left at Sittyton did not show special merit, but some of them produced good
stock, and he was said to have done well afterwards in Ireland for Mr. La
Touche, who bought him. In 1852, a pair of yearling bulls, both got by
Richard Booths Hopewell, were purchased from their breeder, Mr. William
Smith, of West Rasen, in Lincolnshire. These were Matadore i i,8oo and
Bushranger I 1,228. The latter was thought rather the better of the two,
but, proving nearly useless, had to be dismissed. Matadore remained in the
herd, and served for four successive seasons. He was a dark roan, of good
quality, with fine skin and hair, strong loins, but not a very wide chest. He
was first as a yearling at the Yorkshire Show in i85i, and as a two-year-old at
the Highland Society, at Perth, in 1852, where I remember seeing him. He
was nearly the youngest in his class on that occasion, and therefore looked
rather small, but he grew up to be big enough. He appears to have had
a good constitution, for he vent afterwards to Ireland, and is said to have
been alive and a prize winner there when fifteen or sixteen. His dam, Moselle
by Baron of Ravensworth, was a very good cow. As to his get, Matadores
bulls were much better than his cows, but the latter were often good milkers.
Upon the whole, Matadore must be reckoned among the best of the early
sires, and might with advantage have been retained longer in the herd. His
bulls generally gave good satisfaction to those who bought them. Among
the more notable I may mention Magnum Bonum 13,277, which went to the
Duke of Richmond; Pro Bono Publico 13,528, which went to Lord Clancarty
in Ireland; Prince of Coburg 15,100, which went to Mr. Harvey, of Tillygreig;
and Goldfinder 14,629, which went to Wester Fintray. Beeswing 12,456 also
did good service at Kinellar, and was the first bull of mark in that herd. He
was out of a cow, Flora by Fairfax Royal. Another of Matadores bulls, Lord
Sackville 13,249, was retained for service at Sittyton, and was the first home-
bred one used there, except Prince Edward Fairfax. Sackville was a roan,
out of Barcliana by The Pacha, a cow of Ury blood. He was not so much of a
show-yard animal as his sire, but was well fleshed, had a good constitution,
a good back, and seemed to give all his descendants backs and ribs of more
than average strength. He was, however, not so freely used as he might have
been, home-bred bulls at that time being looked upon in Aberdeenshire as
not quite the cheese. His chief influence on the future character of the herd
consisted in giving strength and constitution to the Secret family. The first
cow of that sort, Sympathy, was delicate; but her two daughters, Splendour
and Splendid, both by Lord Sackville, were as robust as could be desired,
and all of this family that were retained at Sittyton were descended from
these two. There is a good portrait of Matadore in the tenth volume of the
Herd Book.
In 1852, the yearling bull Plantagenet 11,906 was got. He was a red and
white, bred by Colonel Towneley, and had been bought as a calf by Mr.
Douglas, of Athelstaneford, who passed him over to Amos Cruickshank.
His dam, Madaline, was bred by John Booth, of Killerby. His sire, Duke of
Lancaster 1029, was a red bull bred by Mr. Eastwood, and got by Laxs Duke
9032, sire of Colonel Towneleys Frederick 11,489. Plantagenet, therefore,
had good stuff in him, but he lived only a year at Sittyton, having been got
dead in his box one morning. He took first prize as a yearling at Aberdeen.
Of the few calves he left, two require special notice. They were twin heifers,
Virtue and Verdure by name, out of a good cow, Verdant, which had been
bought from Mr. Boswell, of Kingcausie. These twins were remarkable,
inasmuch as each of them gave birth to a very famous bull, but not by the
same sire, Virtue being dam of Champion of England by Lancaster Comet,
and Verdure of Scarlet Velvet 16,916 by the Baron 13,833. Champion of
England was the best getter ever used at Sittyton, and Scarlet Velvet the
most stylish bull at Kinellar. Neverthe- less, the Cruickshanks would not
allow any of the Champions merit to Plantagenet. Amos had no high opinion
of him. A slack-made beast, was all the description I could get from my
worthy friend. The whole credit was given to Lancaster Comet. The twins
and another cow got by Plantagenet, called Sharon Rose, were all three of
them good milkers, but plainish in appearance. Virtue herself is described
to me as having plenty of size and good quality, but was uneven, plain, bare
on the hooks, and weakish on the loins. No other animal at all resembling
Champion of England, I am told, was ever bred from the Plantagenet cows.
Virtue had several other calves, but no second Champion appeared. She
however produced a very good cow, Veronica, to The Baron. Verdure had
by the same sire a heifer called Virginia, which also was a neat animal, but
too small and grippet, no milker, and an indifferent breeder.
In 1854 was purchased the pure Booth bull Dr. Buck- ingham 14405.
He was a red, got by Hopewell 10,332 out of the Warlaby cow Bloom. Dr.
Buckingham, however, was not bred at Warlaby, but by Mr. Ambler. An
animal of such choice lineage might have been expected to do well; but so
much difficulty was experienced in getting him to serve that very soon an
offer for him was accepted, and he went to Mr. Alexander, of Kentucky,
in America. I find mention of only four heifers left by Dr. Buckingham at
Sittyton. One of these, called Orange Blossom, founded a family of which
some members remained in the herd to the end. The bull William of Orange
50,694, which did so well at IJppermill, was descended from this Orange
Blossom. None of the other three heifers had any abiding influence on the
Sittyton herd.
Procurator 10,657, another bull bred by Mr. Smith, of West Rasen, was
used in 1853, but to so small an extent that he need not detain us.
The Baron
One of far more importance was The Baron 13,833, bought by Anthony
Cruickshank at Mr. Tanquerays sale at Hendon, near London, on April
24th, 1855, for 155 gs. The Baron was then two years old. He was a red
bull, bred by Richard Chaloner, and got by Baron Warlaby 7813 out of
a cow called Bon Bon, of Lord Spencers breeding. The Baron, therefore,
combined the blood of Warlaby and Wiseton. Bon Bon is said to have been
a very neat cow. Her dam, Sylph, bred well, and lived to a good age. A
portrait of The Baron will be found in Vol. XI. of the Herd Book. He won
first prize at Dublin in 1854 as a year-old, and first at Aberdeen in 1855 as
a two-year-old. He had very neat hind quarters, but showed rather a want
of masculine character about the head and front, and a lack of substance
as he matured. The Baron was used for six or seven successive seasons,
after which he went to Mr. Tracy, in Kent, and died in England when
probably nearly ten years of age. He was a very prolific and impressive
sire, a better getter of heifers than of bulls. He put a finer finish on the
hind quarters of the stock, and many of the cows got by him were among
the most stylish that had been seen at Sittyton. Of these I may mention
Nonpareil 20th, Lucy, Veronica, Corianda, Candia, Orange Blossoms 2nd
and 3rd, all of them handsome animals, which would have held their own in
any herd. Although his bulls were generally not so good, and evinced a lack
of substance, yet there were some notable specimens, such as Scarlet Velvet
16,916, which went to Campbell, of Kinellar, and Magnus Troil, which did
so well at Sheriff Hutton. Scarlet Velvet had more substance than his sire,
The Baron, and left a lot of the most uniformly fine-looking cows at Kinellar
that could anywhere be seen. The Baron, therefore, was thought to be a
great success; but it is a long time ere the full results of such an animal
is known, and before that happens he is often dead or away, The Baron
himself lost bloom early, and, as I have mentioned. the bulls got by him
were apt to be deficient in substance, and as a rule did not give so much
satisfaction as those by Matadore. His heifers made admirable cows up to
five or six years of age, but after that they faded, and many of them proved
unsound when killed. They were also generally bad milkers. Amos told me
they seldom lasted more than seven or eight years. There was evidently,
therefore, a want of constitution about The Baron, and this deserves the
more attention, seeing how prolific he was, and how long he himself lasted.
It must have been years and years before any suspicion arose that he was
doing mischief in the herd, for several bulls out of cows sired by The Baron
were kept for service at Sittyton. None of them, however, proved a success,
and gradually The Baron blood was cleared out. Only two of his bwn sons
seem to have been used as stock bulls, viz. Baronet 15,614 and Lancaster
Royal 18,167. Baronet xvas out of an extra good cow, Buttercup, and had
been sold as a calf to Messrs. Brand, of Auchinten, and Philip, of Yon-
derton, to whom he did well. He was brought back chiefly on account of
the great merit of his dam (which I mentioned as having been got by Mr.
Wileys bull Report 10,704), and was used for two or three seasons after his
sire left. He had more substance and less style than The Baron, vas sound
and robust, and proved a fairly useful sire, but nothing more. His stock,
however, had poor hair. Lancaster Royal was kept because he was from
a Lancaster cow, whose dam came from Mr. Wilkinson, of Lenton. Not
turning out much worth, he was little used, but was the sire of a very good
cow (Cicely), whose descendants formed one of the best families at Sittyton
in the latter years of the herds existence.
Other additions
In the year 1854 a red cow with white legs, called Lan- caster i6th, had been
bought at Wilkinson of Lentons sale. She was in calf to Wilkinsons Monarch
13,397, a white bull, and a very good one. After arriving at Sittyton she
produced an animal which was named Lord Bathurst I 3,1 37. In i885, the
Cruickshanks exhibited at Aberdeen three bulls in the class of yearlings,
viz., Lord Cardigan 13,177, a purchase from Mr. Unthank; Lord Sackville
13,249, of their own breeding, and this Lord Bathurst. They were placed
first, second, and third in the order 1 have mentioned. All three vere roans.
A red bull was much wanted at the time; Cardigan, therefore, not being a
favourite, was sold. Lord Bathurst having only got third, and having white
legs, was also dismissed. He went to Mr. Stronach, of Ardmeallie, to whom
he produced wonderfully good stock. Unfortunately he met with an accident,
and had to be killed, after being used only one season at Ardmeallie. Before
going away from Sittyton he had served three or four heifers, and left two
female produce, viz. Violet and Vintage. Violet was a good cow, and some
of the finest stock at Sittyton were descended from her. She was dam of
Grand Monarque 21,867, one of the best sires used there; and also of Village
Rose, which the Cruickshanks thought about the finest cow they ever bred.
Vintage likewise produced to Champion of England a very excellent cow
called Village Belle. The Champion was sire of an extraordinary number of
good cows, but the two best of the whole were thought to be this Village Rose
and Village Belle. Here, then, the Lenton blood manifested its superiority,
and the sale of Lord Bathurst was afterwards deeply regretted.
Master Butterfly 2nd 14,918 was a red bull, got by the renowned Master
Butterfly, of Towneley fame. He had been bought when twelve months old
for 300 gs. by Mr. Marjori- banks, and was purchased at his sale in 1856,
when rising two years, for 400 gs. He died in the course of a year from some
trouble in the brain. The few stock he left were light made, light fleshed,
too leggy, and never had carcase enough. Amos Cruickshank, who had a
strong aversion to cattle of his type, didnt shed a tear over him. Two of
his bull-calves, viz. Royal Butterfly 18,753, and Prince Regent 16,762, were
kept, but scarcely used. A very short trial of them seems to have sufficed.
The only pedigree in which Master Butterfly 2fld5 name latterly appeared
was one of the Victoria tribes.
John Bull i i,6i8 was a red bull, bred by Mr. Wiley, of Brandsby, and
bought in 1858. He was a very lengthy animal, not too well let down, tender
on his feet, and walked painfully slow. A worthy neighbour, Mr. Philip,
of Boynds, watching him on one occasion as he gradually emerged out of a
door, said, If I am to wait till all your bull comes out, Mr. Cruickshank, I
would need a chair to sit doon on. John Bull was bought chiefly because
Report, from the same breeder, had done so well. John Bull, however, did
not prove a great success. Only two of his get were retained, viz. Jubilee
and Cressida, but both these were compact, deep, well-proportioned cows,
not at all too long, and real good beasts.
Lord Stanley 16,454 was a roan bull, bred by Douglas of Athelstaneford,
and said to have been got by Lord Raglan 13,244, but that, I am told,
was very doubtful. He was used in 1859 and i86o. His stock were good,
but shy breeders. Lord Raglan himself came to Sittyton in i86o, when
seven years old, and was used for five successive seasons. Previously this
bull had been with Douglas of Athelstaneford and Lord Airlie. He cost i
10 gs. from the last-mentioned owner. He was bred by Mark Stewart, of
Southwick, and got by Maynards Crusade 7938. Raglan was a large, stylish,
rather high-standing bull, of a roan colour, a noted prize- winner in his
day, and first at the Highland Society, in i86i, in the aged class. I have
been told he was fertile as a yearling, quite useless as a two-year-old, and
unusually prolific ever after. Several of his stock are said to have had the
same peculiarity. In outward appearance he took after his sire, Crusade,

whom Douglas considered the best bull in England of his day. The first crop
of bull-calves Lord Raglan got at Sittyton fetched the highest average price
that had been reached until then, but his stock as a whole were very unequal,
and a large proportion of them, as they grew up, proved inferior animals,
being deficient in substance, with bad hair. Amos told me he didnt think
Lord Raglan did him much good. Some few of his cows were amongst the
best milkers in the herd, but in this respect als3 great differences occurred,
the best-looking ones being generally not milky. Black and dingy noses
turned up occasionally among his progeny. His grandrlams (Black- berry)
nose is said to have been of that hue, but his dam, Brenda, had a clear
nose, I am told, and was a good cow, a prize-winner also at several shows.
Raglan himself had a clear nose. He lived to a good age, was a vigorous,
healthy animal, and his stock is said to have had no lack of constitution.
He was kept on till September, 1864, when he was eleven years old. The
two best-looking cows he left at Sittyton were The Gem and Butterfly 6th,
but neither of them proved very good breeders, nor were they good milkers.
Another, called Golden Days, although by no means so fine looking, was
about the best milker in the herd; she bred some excellent stock, being dam
of the fine bull Pride of the Isles 35,072, and lived to be one of the oldest
cows at Sitty- ton. Three or four of Raglans bull-calves were retained for
service, and got a trial, viz. The Czar 20,947, President Lin- coln 20,513,
Lord Chamberlain 22,129, and Lord Raglan 2nd 20,221. Of these The Czar
was most used; he was of a red colour, compact, and well set on his legs,
but, like most of Raglans get, had not too much substance. He was no
great success as a getter. Only one of his stock did particularly well, viz.,
Carmine, which was a very good cow indeed, weE fleshed, well haired, with
uncommonly good back and ribs, and a very good sort altogetherbetter than
her dam, Cressida, having more style and gaiety. Carmine, in fact, was dam
of Princess Royal, one of the best breeding cows ever in the herd. Looking
to ultimate results, Lord Raglan was considered by the Cruickshanks not to
have been a success, but rather the opposite, so very large a proportion of
his get having proved inferior animals and also poor breeders. Nevertheless,
some notable specimens were bred from Lord Raglan cows, such as Grand
Duke of Gloster 26,288, Brides- man 30,586, Pride of the Isles 35,072, and
the beautiful cow Mimulus, dam of Royal Duke of Gloster 29,864. Chiefly
through these animals and the cow Carmine a strain of Lord Raglans blood
got diffused latterly into the whole herd,
Lancaster Comet 12,663 and Champion of England 17,526

In the autumn of 1858 a number of the cows at Sittyton turned out not to
be in calf, and it was thought necessary to get a new bull, a good young red
one if possible, as that was the colour most in demand at the time. Amos
wrote to Wilkinson, of Lenton, asking if he could supply such an animal.

Wilkinson replied he could not, but recommended him to take Lancaster
Comet 11,663, then about eight years old, which he offered to let him have
at little more than butchers price. Before accepting the offer, Amos visited
the herds of Mark Stewart, Bolden, Towneley, Richard Booth, Dudding, and
others, but saw nothing to suit. He therefore wrote Wilkinson to send on
the bull, although it was much older than was thought desirable.
In reply to a note Mr. Edward Cruickshank writes us
The buying of Lancaster Comet was somewhat peculiar. My
uncle wanted to get a young red bull for use during 1859; in
November, 1858, with the object of trying to get such an animal
he visited several herds, including John Wilkinsons. My uncle
liked both the man and his cattle (a liking dating from his first
visit to Lenton, in 1853), and was anxious to get a young bull
from him if possible, but Mr. Wilkinson had nothing suitable.
Lancaster Comet, then some eight years old, was at Lenton, and
my uncle saw him, but no mention was made at the time by Mr.
Wilkinson that he wished to sell him, and, consequently, my
uncle did not pay the close attention to his detailed appearance
that he would likely have done had he thought of buying him. My
uncle had several herds to see after leaving Lenton, and therefore
came to no decided conclusion as to what he might do. The
herds subsequently visited did not provide what my uncle wished
to have, and he returned to Sittyton without having seen any-
thing suitable. After his return, in correspondence with Mr.
Wilkinson, the latter suggested that, as my uncle could not find
just the animal he wished to get, he might buy Lancaster Comet,
and that he could have him at little, if anything, over butchers
price. So the bull was bought for 30 gs., in December, i858.
When he came to Aberdeenshire my uncle certainly was more
impressed with the length of his horns than he had been when
he saw him inside a building at Lenton, but he was more than
pleased with the shape, flesh, and hair of the bull, and he was
used pretty freely considering his age, and also that his feet had
not been cared for arid, in consequence, he was lame at times.
Lancaster Comet had been exposed when four years of age at Wilkinsons
first sale, in 1854, but was bought in by his owner at 42 gs. Wilkinson
evidently had a good opinion of him, for he kept him on other four years,
and I believe his neighbour, Mr. Sanday, had a hire of him. Lancaster
Comet was full of the very best Lenton blood, both sire and dam being
by Will Honeycomb. Queens Roan, his sire, was also a special favourite of
Wilkinsons. Lancaster Comet was not a large bull, but a very good one. He
was short in his legs, had a capital coat of hair, was very well fleshed, straight
above and below, round in his carcase, thick in the fore quarter, well let down
in his thighs, with neater hind quarters than his son, Champion of England,
but was by no means such a deep, massive animal. He had more spring and
activity about him. His eyes were prominent, and he had a good but biggish
head, with great long horns, somewhat like those observed in a cross with the
West Highlander. These horns didnt stick up; they were well enough placed
on his head, but curved round in front, were not particularly thick, neither
were they sharp at the point, but were more uniform in diameter than we
usually see. The bull was forwarded in November, 1858. Mr. Housman
has told us how Amos Cruickshank rode down to the railway to meet the
new arrival, and how he felt when he saw the great head and horns lowering
upon him over the side of the truck. One earnest look sufficed, and he turned
away. Like the Laird of Cockpen,
Dumbfoundered he was, but no sigh did he gie
or more probably he did give a sigh, perhaps even a groan. The remarks
of those neighbours who first saw the beast were not encouraging. If you
wanted a Highland bull, said one sarcastic friend, you might have got one
nearer home. It was therefore thought injudicious to use the animal freely,
so Lancaster Comet was relegated to the Clyne farm, to hide his horns
there; and, when the grazing season drew on, he was turned into a field
along with some cows that had been difficult to get in calf. Being left out
too late in the autumn, he caught rheumatism so severely that he had to
be slaughtered, and little more was thought about him. Nevertheless, this
proved to be the most important purchase the Cruickshanks ever made.
The price was only 30 gs., probably the cheapest bull they ever bought;
but such was the effect of the blood introduced by Lancaster Comet that
the history of the herd resolves itself mainly into two periodsone before,
the other after its introduction. But for the blood I got from Wilkinson,
said Amos to me one of the last times I saw him, I dont know where I
would have been, so unsatisfactory was the general result of the other
bulls imported into the herd1 . Hardly a dozen calves are known to have
been left by Lancaster Comet at Sittyton. There were some four or five
heifers and six or seven bulls. One of these, however, was Champion of
England 17,526; another, called Moonshade 18,419, went to Mr. Bruce, of
1
In the course of a discussion which took place in the Live Stock Journal, in 1897,
Mr. Edward Cruickshank (son of Mr. Anthony Cruickshank and nephew of Mr. Amos
Cruickshank) mentioned that this remark of his uncles, which had been unfairly quoted
by a correspondent, was due to the unsatisfactory result that followed the use of one of
the bulls bought for the herd, and to the fear lest it might become a confirmed difficulty.
In the year vhen Champion of England was running in the fields suckling his dam, the
crop of bull-calves at Sittyton sold by public auction for a higher average and at higher
individual prices than in any previous year; nearly half of the number offered being bought
by Shorthorn breeders for use in their herds. From this it was clear that the public did
not think there was any falling-off.
Inverquhomery (uncle of the late proprietor of that estate), and helped to

lay the foundation of the fine herd there. The influence of Lancaster Comet
on the Sittyton herd was entirely effected through Champion of England.
The other bull-calves by him were all sold, and none of his heifers were
retained long. One called Camelia was very fine as a yearling and two-year-
old; another, called Gakapple, was also a good young cow, but, curiously
enough, neither of them did much as breeders, and they, with their produce,
were disposed of before the value of the Lenton blood came to be properly
appreciated. The herd was then very large, and, among so many animals,
it was a good while before the merits of the Champions stock aftracted the
attention they ultimately did. I remember Camelia as a thick, short-legged
cow, with a great coat of hair; extraordinary as a two-year-old, but she
didnt do much after that. Champion of England himself was also nearly
being thrown away. He had been sent to the Royal English Show at Leeds,
in i86i, and got no prize. I learn that he was also exhibited at Aberdeen,
but did not get higher than third. Being a November caW he had to com-
pete against two-year-olds when little more than a yearling. Owing to his
want of success in the show-yards, he would probably have been sold had
not Amos, for once, insisted on his own judgment being carried out2 . He
was not anxious to show the bull at Leeds, for he recognised from the first
that his proper place was at home. He appreciated better than the judges
had done the massive robustness and natural feeding quality of the animal,
points he valued so highly, and which were lacking in many of the bulls that
had been previously used at Sittyton. Many Shorthorn breeders, however,
freely acknowledged the Champions merits when he was seen at the shows.
He had somewhat of a droop from the hooks to the rumps, which detracted
from his appearance, and several of his stock took after him in this respect.
He was remarkably good in his fore-ribs, which was, I think, the point that
struck me most. I do not remember having seen the Champions dam, but
one day when going through the byres with Amos Cruickshank I asked him
what like a beast she was. Well, said he, she was very like that one, pointing
to a cow standing at the end of the byre. This was a good-sized red animal,
with plainish hind quarters. The Champion of England was never kept on
account of the merits of his dam3 .
2
In reply to an inquiry as to the probability of Champion of England having been
disposed of as a young animal, Mr. Edward Cruickshank writes : My uncle would never
have sold Champion of England. When the bull was a calf he refused an offer of 150 gs.,
and told the would-be buyer that no money would induce him to part with him. From
the very first he was quite determined to keep him; even as a young calf he came quite
up to the ideal type my uncle always had aimed to get. My uncle kept one of his sons for
home use out of the first seasons crop of his calves, and that at a time when home-bred
bulls were not in much favour with Aberdeenshire breeders, a sure sign of what my uncle
thought of the probable value of Champion of England as a sire.
3
Mr. John W. Cruickshank furnished the following description of Champion of England
to Mr. A. H. Sanders ( Shorthorn Cattle, page 770) : Champion of England was a beautiful
More purchased sires

About the year i86o two bulls were got descended from Colonel Cradocks
Old Cherry, and bred by Mark Stewart, of Southwick. These were Lord
Garlies 14,819 and Ivanhoe 14,735. Lord Garlies was a roan grandson of
Old Cherry, and had for sire the Booth bull Heir-at-Law 13,005. He was not
particularly handsome, but was robust. His bull-calves were not good; his
heifers much better, but he was not extensively used. Almost the only trace
he left in the herd was through Sixth Duchess of Gloster and Vice-President
23,126. The latter was a red bull, got by Lord Garlies out of Veronica by
The Baron. Ivanhoe, a son of Lord Raglans, was even less used, and not a
good getter.
Malachite 18,313, a roan bull, bred by Jonathan Peel, of Kuowimere, was
a first-prize winner at several shows in England as a young animal, but was
only one year in service at Sittyton, and went in 1862 to Sir John Sinclair.
There is a portrait of him in Vol. XLV. of the Herd Book. lie was not
considered a success, and none of his get were retained.
Windsor Augustus 19,157 was a roan, bred by Mr. Carr, of Stackhouse,
and got by Richard Booths Windsor 14013. He was first at several shows
in England as a yearling and two-year-old, and, next to Master Butterfly
2nd, was probably the highest-priced bull got for Sittyton, but no favourite
with Amos Cruickshank. I didnt like him at all, he told me, and got him
away as soon as possible. Windsor Augustus was in service during 1863
and 1864, but seems to have left very few calves behind him. One of them,
however Lovely 9thturned out a fine cow, and was dam to the stock bull Lord
Lancaster 26,666, who was got by Champion of England. Lord Lancaster
had been sold as a calf to Mr. Alexander, of Beedlestone, but was bought
back and used pretty freely for some years. Lovely 9th, although a beautiful
animal, and one that lived to a good age, did not prove so lucky a breeder
as might have been expected, and her son, Lord Lancaster, was not equal to
some of the other sons of Champion of England, neither as regards personal
appearance nor as a sire.
Forth 17,866
Forth 17,866 came in 1864, being then four years old. He was a lightish-roan
bull of great size and substance, bred by Sir William Stirling Maxwell, of
calf, his hair actually waved in the wind, and until his death, in i8yo, no other sire was so
fully trusted; his large, deep body was carried on short legs; his quarters, though not long,
were broad and deep; his frame carried an unusually thick covering of natural flesh, and
so full was he behind the shoulders that the meat actually projected beyond the shoulder-
hlades. No bull ever had such an influence in the herd ; his calves could be easily picked
out, and the use of his sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons impressed the Sittyton herd
generally with his character. Himself descended on both sides from trihes of good milking
qualities, his daughters were useful dairy cattle as well as heavy-fleshed Shorthorns. His
death was the result of calculus, aod when hilled his organs we nd sound as possible
Keir, and champion at the leading shows in England and Scotland. Portraits
of him will be found in Vol. XVI. of the Herd Book. He was a remarkably
fine animal, on a large scale, having length, breadth, and depth to satisfy
the most fastidious, and extremely good tempered. He had a good head,
a full placid eye, a rich coat of hair, great girth of body, with ribs arching
well out from his back. Take him as a whole, he was probably the grandest
looking bull ever at Sittyton. His horns, however, were somewhat dark or
blackish at the point. When he arrived he was so fat that there were doubts
as to whether he vould breed, and he was so heavy that it was difficult
getting the cows to stand to him. Nevertheless, he did get a good many
calves, and remained in the herd up to 1869 or 1870, when he suddenly
became paralysed, and had to be killed. To see him beside Champion of
England one would have said he was far ahead, but as a sire he fell far
below him. Many of Forths calves were shabby beasts, very unlike himself;
still, he did get a few good ones. Two of his bull-calves were retained for
service, viz. Royal Forth 25,022, and Julius Ca sar 26,486, but neither of
them did well and they were soon dismissed. Allan 21,172, another son of
Forths, had previously been bought from Keir, and was pretty freely used
for three seasons. He also did but moderately. Very few of Forths female
produce were kept long. The best-looking one was Violets Forth out of
Sweet Violet by Lord Stanley. Violets Forth was a very beautiful, light-roan
cow. After producing three calves at Sittyton, she was sold at a high figure
to go to America, where she rose to a great value. One of the calves she
left was a bull called Viceroy 32,764, got by Champion of England. Viceroy
was kept for service, and got a fair trial. He had neither the massiveness
of his sire nor the fine style of his dam, but was robust. As a getter he did
not prove a great success, nor was he long used. The two other calves left
by Violets Forth were heifers, viz. Violets Pride by Scotlands Pride, and
Violets Princess by Ca sar Augustus. Although both these cows were by
good bulls, neither of them did much good, and they and their descendants
all disappeared ere long from the herd.
Anemone was one of Forths cows, which bred some good things, although
she was not much herself, being a plain, light, shelly beast, but milky. It will
be seen, therefore, that Forth had not much influence on the herd. Amos
said to me that few of his stocl were good. Perhaps the two best bulls
he got were Lord Forth 26,649, which went to Mr. Longmore, of Rettie
(with whom, I believe, he did well), and George Peabody, which went to Sir
William Forbes, of Craigievar. This latter grew up to be a large, fine-looking
animal, but, being used among a herd of cross cattle, he seems never to
have been registered, nor do I know how he proved as a stock getter. Forths
stock, as a whole, had little resemblance to himself, which shows he hadnt
the faculty of transmitting his likeness. His dam, Anna Rose, I am told, was
a fine and very large cow, with a wide back and well-covered hooks. His
sire, Florist 16,064, I know little about. I have been told he got only two
calves at Keir before he was sold. Forth was a bull of very mixed blood,
but so was Champion of England, which proved a most impressive sire ;
and, what was more, the Champions stock were remarkable for continuing
to breed well. The faculty of transmitting the goodness went down to his
descendants in a striking degree. All this shows that we cannot be sure how
an animal will breed till we try it. No one could have anticipated from an
inspection of the two animals, or from a study of their pedigrees, that the
Champion would prove such a splendid getter and Forth such a poor one. I
remember an English agriculturist endeavouring to impress upon me what a
mistake it was of the Cruickshanks to use Champion of England, and what
an excellent sire Forth would be in comparison; but we see that experientia
does as Mrs. Micawber said.
Lord Privy Seal I614z I. was bought when an oldish bull. He was a roan,
bred by the late Prince Consort, at Windsor, calved in March, 1858, and got
by the good Booth bull Prince Alfred 13,494. He had been the property of
the Messrs. Smith, Hilihead, of Nairn, and when they sold off in 86o Lord
Kinnaird got him. After using him for some years Lord Kinnaird advertised
him for sale in i865, whereupon Anthony Cruickshank bought him unseen,
on account of the reputation he left at Hillhead. When the bull arrived at
Sittyton every one was disappointed. He was undersized, shabby-looking,
with nothing in his appearance to recommend him. Consequently he was
not much used; at all events, he left few calves, for I can find mention of
only five cows by him. Two, at least, of his stock, however, turned out re-
markably well, namely, a bull, Multum in Parvo 26,934, and a cow, Victoria
41st. Multum in Parvo was a very beautiful calf, and was sold for 72 gs. to
Mr. Milne, of Allathan, with whom he got good stock. Victoria 41st was
also a fine animal, with plenty of size, and a good breeder. She produced
a first- rate bull, Ventriloquist 44,1 8o, which went, as a calf to Mr. Black,
of Barthol Chapel, and proved a capital getter. Lord Privy Seal might have
been more largely used with advantage.
Purchased and tried

Between i866 and i877 several other bulls were purchased and got a short
trial, viz. Rob Roy 22,740, Scotch Rose 25,099, Knight of the Whistle
26,558, Count Robert 30,812, Master Darlington 37,067, Baron Killerby
23,364, Meridian 38,748, Prince Alfred 27,107, Ravenshope 22,681, General
Windsor 28,701.
Some of these were so little used, and had so little influence on the herd,
that I need not dwell on them. Knight of the Whistle, Baron Killerby, Prince
Alfred, and General Windsor were all bought by Amos Cruickshank. The
others, I think, were not chosen by him. Rob Roy was a niceish little bull,
but too small and confined in frame to get growthy stock. His calves did
not come out well in the end, and he was not much used. Scotch Rose, bred
by the Duke of Montrose, was not kept long. Although out of a remarkably
grand cow, Rosedale, he was not good. His sire, Scottish Chief 22,849,
must surely have been bad. Knight of the Whistle was a good, well-fleshed
bull, bred by Mr. Foljambe, and his dam, Blanche, was by Wilkinson of
Lentons Monarch 13,347; but the Knight was ruptured and got only one or
two calves. One of them, Orange Blossom 14th, was granddam of the bull
William of Orange, which has done so well in the Uppermill herd to Mr.
Marr.
Baron Killerby and his son Prince Alfred came in i871. I happened to be
at Sittyton soon after they arrived. Here, said Amos, are two bulls I have
just bought from Mr. Pawlett; what dost thou think of them? Pawlett had
offered Baron Killerby for sale through Mr. Thornton to Anthony Cruick-
shank, but when Amos went to Beeston to see the animal he did not like
him, and was more taken with his son Prince Alfred, and wished to buy him
only. Pawlett, however, wouldnt sell the Prince alone; in fact, he had no
wish to part with him. As it was, the matter ended by Amos taking both.
Baron Killerby was then six years old, and had a dangerous temper. He was
coarse in the bone, and seems to have got a very short trial at Sittyton. At
all events, he left scarcely any calves, none that remained long in the herd.
His son, Prince Alfred, promised to be a more valuable acquisition; but,
unfortunately, foot-and-mouth disease got into the stock at that time, and
he took it so badly that he succumbed, and was the only animal that did
so. This, perhaps, indicated some lack of constitution, but he looked a fine,
robust-like animal, and I liked him much better than his sire. Having been
in service so short a time, he left but a very few calves. Five heifers are all
the female produce of which I can find mention. One of these, called Garnet,
was a cow from which were descended some of the best stock at Sittyton
during the latter years of the herd. Another, called Sentiment, had also
several descendants, but not of quite so good a type, A third, called Alma,
was sold as a yearling, apparently because she did not promise much. She
was bought by Mr. Mitchell, of Auchnagathle, and was no ways remarkable
till after she was two years old. She then developed most wonderfully, and
expanded into one of the largest and grandest cows that ever was seen, with
immense loins, back, and shoulders; indeed, as a sho v yard animal few cows
ever bred at Sittyton would have been a match for her. She took first prize
at the Highland Society in 1876, the Cup at Aberdeen in 1879, as the best
breeding animal in the Shorthorn class, and many other honours.
General Windsor, bred by Mr. Willis, of Carperby, was the last bull
purchased. He was a lightish-roan, large-framed animal, about seven years
old when he came to Sittyton. Amos Cruickshank was so pleased with his
appearance that, after getting him, he wanted to buy also his full brother,
Mayor of Windsor 31,897, then at Alnwick Park. One years trial, however,
of the General amply sufficed. He got plenty of calvesfar too many, in
factfor most of them were shockingly bad, although there were, of course,
some exceptions. The blood somehow did not nick at all well with that
of Sittyton, so difficult is it to foresee what the outcome of a new cross
will be; yet General Windsor was come of a distinguished race, and his sire,
Windsor FitzWindsor, was thought to have done extremely well at Carperby.
Suchong and Crescent were the only two females by General Windsor that
were retained. His bull-calves, as a lot, were, I think, the poorest I ever saw
come from Sittyton.
Mr. Cruickshank was by no means averse to the introduction of new
blood into his herd; indeed, he was anxious to find any that could be used
with success; but the unfortunate result of this last attempt and his ad-
vancing years made him now feel that it would be unwise to try any more
such experiments. He therefore confined himself henceforth to the use of
bulls bred by himself from well-tried families of his own, on which he could
depend.
11.5.5 Females purchased

Having given some details regarding the bulls imported into the Sittyton
herd, I shall now say something about the females that were purchased, so
as to complete my account of the materials from which the herd was derived.
As the cows and heifers bought at one time or another were very numerous,
I shall touch only on those that founded families of some importance, or
that produced bulls which had an influence in moulding the character of the
stock.
Violets
The first lot of heifers, I am told, was got from a Mr. Geo. Williamson, who
bought them at a sale in North Lincolnshire. Of these the only one I need
notice was called Moss Rose. She founded a family, latterly known as the
Violet tribe, which remained in the herd to the end, and ranked amongst
the best cattle in it. Moss Rose was a roan, calved in 1837. Her pedigree is
rather obscure. She is stated in the catalogues to have been got by Wileys
famous bull Grazier 1085 ; but Grazier was calved in 1819, and could not
have been the sire of a heifer dropped in 1837, for Mr. 2E Thornton tells us
that he died in his fourteenth year at Sir John Ramsdens. Anyhow, Moss
Rose proved to be of the right sort, and produced in 1843 a dark-roan heifer,
Red Rose, to the Ury bull Inkhorn. This Red Rose was the dam of a very
fine cow called Carmine Rose) got by Torrs bull Fairfax Royal. She, again,
produced China Rose by Hudson 9228, and so on the line went, through
Roseate by Matadore, to Violet, which gave its name to the tribe. Violet
was got by the Lenton bull Lord Bathurst 13,173, and produced three fine
females, viz., Village Rose by Champion of England, Sweet Violet by Lord
Stanley 16,454, and Red Violet by Allan 21,772. A great number of good
animals were descended from these three.
Venuses
The first of the Venus tribe was a red heifer of that name, bought in I
8 I at the sale of Mr. Rennie, of Kimblethmont, in Forfarshire. This Mr.
Rennie, I believe, was a brother of Rennie, of Phantassie, and his cattle
had some connection with the Phantassie stock. Venus was got by a bull,
Saturn 5089, bred by the Hon. J. Simpson, and her dam, Dairymaid, was
descended from the Ladykirk herd. The more imme diate descendants of
Venus were generally good milkers, but rather rough and bare of flesh. The
best of the tribe sprang from Flora by Fairfax Royal, and more recently from
her granddaughter Morning Star, which was a good red cow by Champion of
England. Flora was dam of Kinellars fine bull Beeswing 12,456. The Venus
family remained at Sittyton to the last, and, at the time of its dispersion,
Juliet, of this tribe, by Barmpton Prince, was one of the finest looking cows
in the herd.
Mimuluses
In 1841 a good Shorthorn cow was got, I believe, at a sale in Ellon of the
Rev. Robt. Douglas, minister of that parish. He was tenant for some
time of the farm of Auchterellon, and was a good judge of stock. This cow
was bred by Rennie, of Phantassie, and supposed to have been descended
from th.e stock of Robertson, of Ladykirk, but her pedigree could not be
recovered. At Sittyton she produced to the Ury bull Inkhorn a heifer named
Phantassie, which, crossed by Matadore i i,8oo, gave birth to Maidstone.
Maidstone crossed by Lord Raglan, produced Mistletoe, who was dam of a
remarkably fine red cow called Mimulus by Champion of England. Mimulus,
after having a bull-calf by Grand Duke of Gloster 26288, was sold to the Hon.
John Dryden, of Ontario, and became the dam of his famous bull Barmpton
Hero, which was still alive in 1893 at fifteen years old. Mr. Dryden, writing
at that date, says that Barmpton Hero was practically invincible in the show
yard, and the majority of the prize- winners at all the principal exhibitions
in the United States during the previous ten yetars had more or less of
his blood. The calf left by Mimulus at Sittyton grew up to be the bull
Royal Duke of Gloster 29,864, one of the finest ever bred there, and sire
of many noted animals, such as Roan Gauntlet 35,284, Barmpton 37,763,
Grand Vizier 34,086, Privy Seal 50, i68; also of the cows Custard (dam of
Cumberland), Garnish, Violet Queen, Lavender 17th, Souvenir, Silvia, etc.
My own bull Millionaire 36,070 by Champion of England was a full brother
of Mimulus. The family, however, was never numerous at Sittyton, and
latterly died out. It was solely through Royal Duke of Gloster that it had
any influence on the stock at large; but he was one of the most notable sires,
and in respect of personal appearance probably the best- looking home-bred

one ever retained for service in the herd.
Broadhooks
Eliza by White Bull 5643 was a well-bred cow, bought in 1844 from John
Hutcheson, of Monyruy, who had got her from Mr. Simpson, Mains of
Pitfour. Eliza traced back to the good old Ladykirk blood, and was full
sister to Buchan Hero 3238, a notable animal bred by Simpson, which after-
wards became the property of Jonas Whitaker and Sir Charles Tempest.
Eliza produced two very good bulls by Fairfax Royal, viz. Bloomsbury 9972,
sold to the Duke of Richmond, and Protectionist 10,664, sold to Mr. Robb,
Brucktor. Both these were white. Some cows, named Broadhooks, were also
descended from Eliza, but the entire family disappeared from Sittyton about
1869. They, however, still survive in the herd of Lord Lovat, at Beaufort,
where they produced the fine bull New Years Gift 57,796, who proved himself
the champion animal of the Shorthorn breed at the leading national shows
of this country a few years ago. This family, which is also kept in several
other important herds, is further referred to in the notice of the Mains of
Pitfour stock.
Nonpareils
In 1844 there was likewise got a very excellent young red cow called Non-
pareil 3rd by Young Frederick 3836. She came from Mr. Cartwright, of
Tathwell, in Lincolnshire, who had several of the sort, all descended from
his old cow Nonpareil by Tathwell Studley 5401, which had a good deal of
Comet blood in her. Nonpareil 3rd was the progenitor of much good stock.
Some of these produced only bulls, others were sold at long prices, and in
this way the family died out at Sittyton about 1864, to the regret of its own-
ers. It was reintroduced in i868 by the purchase of Nonpareil 12th at Mr.
Cartwrights final sale, but this latter was by no means equal to the original
purchase, Nonpareil 3rd. In 1847 several purchases were made at Captain
Barclays sale. Of these I need mention only Clara by Mahomed and Straw-
berry by 2nd Duke of Northumberland. Clara gave birth to Barcliana by
The Pacha, after which she had six consecutive bull calves. Barcliana had
a good and numerous progeny, one being the stock bull Lord Sackville by
Matadore, but latterly the family disappeared.
Fancys, or Orange Blossoms

In 1847 a roan cow named Fancy was got from John Hutcheson of Monyruy.
She had for sire the good Ury bull Billy 3151. Her dam, Jessy, by the
Ury bull Sovereign 7539, had been bought by Hutcheson from Rennie of
Kinblethmont, and seems to have been descended from the Ladykirk stock.
Fancy bred well, and there were many of the sort at Sittyton for a number
of years, but ultimately they were sold out.
A daughter of Fancys, named Edith Fairfax, was also got from Hutcheson
in i85 . She was one of the two calves left by the noted bull Sir Thomas
Fairfax 5196, which died at Monyruy. Some capital beasts were bred from
this cow, such as Queen of Scotland by Matadore. Her daughter Queen of
the South was one of the grandest cows in the herd. Another daughter,
Orange Blossom by Dr. Bucking- ham 14,405, founded the family of that
name from which came Mr. Marrs fine bull William of Orange, that did so
well at Uppermill.
Verdants
In I852 a fortunate purchase was made of two cows Verdant and Clipper,
from their breeder, Mr. Boswell, of Kingcausie, near Aberdeen. Verdant
was a very good one, having for sire Exchequer 9721, a white bull bred at
Sittyton, and got by Fairfax Royal out of Amelia, third-prize heifer at the
Highland Societys show at Berwick in 1841. The dam of Verdant was by
a son of Bates Holkar, out of a cow named Tranquil, whose sire was the
Ury bull Billy, which I have so often had occasion to mention. Verdant,
therefore, had good stuff in her. She produced at Sittyton, in 1853, to the
Towneley bull Plantagenet 11,906, the twin heifer calves Virtue and Verdure,
one of which became dam of Champion of England, and the other of Scarlet
Velvet 16,916. The great merit of Champion of England, however, as I have
already mentioned, was attributed by the Cruickshanks almost entirely to
his sire, Lancaster Comet, and not to Virtue, which was considered to be
but a moderately good cow. The inference was drawn partly from the fact
that when the Champions calves began to appear the peculiarities of the
Lenton cattle and Wilkinsons type of animal became plainly visible. The
Verdant family was never numerous at Sittyton. A good many bull calves
were produced by them. None of the female descendants were specially
good save Veronica by The Baron. She was dam of a bull, Vice President
23,126, got by Lord Gar- lies 14,819, but which was not much used. No
second animal at all resembling Champion of England,Jam told, was ever
bred from the Plantagenet cows, and no compunction was felt in parting
with the last of the Verdant family when the herd was reduced in size.
Clippers
Clipper was seven years old when she came from King- causie. She was a
small cow, of a light-roan colour, slightly hollow in the back, but very fleshy
and of great substance; she was got by Billy 3151 ; her dam and granddam
seem both to have been bred by Boswell, and her great-granddam, Lady, by
Mason of Chilton. Clipper lived to a good old age, and bred on till she was
fifteen. Her best heifer at Sittyton was Cressida, a red cow, by John Bull i
i,6i8, calved when Clipper was fourteen years old. Cressida bred to the Czar
20,947 a very good red-and-white cow named Carmine; and Carmine had by
the Champion of England two fine females, viz. Carmine Rose and Princess
Royal. Carmine Rose was considered the best combination of beef and milk
in the herd. Her bag, as Mr. Carr might have said, would have excited the
cupidity of a London dairyman. Cochineal, her daughter, was much of the
same stamp, and produced to Roan Gauntlet the fine large, massive bull
Cayhurst 47,560, which, after serving two years at Collynie, was five years
in my own possession. Some of my best stock are after Cayhurst, which
eventually went to Mr. Sutton-Nelthorpe in Lincolnshire.
Princess Royal was a grand, large roan cow, not such a milker as her
sister, but one of the best breeders ever in the herd. She bred on till she was
fifteen, and was dam of that remarkable sire Roan Gauntlet 35,284; also of
four excellent females, Custard, Claret, Crocus, and Chrysanthemnm
Custard was one of the most beautiful heifers I ever saw, but didnt grow
to be a large cow, although a very neat one. She became dam of the two
notable bulls Cumberland 46,144 and Commodore 54,1 i8. Claret was a
large splendid cow, like her dam, but she bred only two calves, one of which,
however, was that capital sire Clear the Way 47,604, which, after getting
much good stock at Mains of Cairnbrogie, finished his career in the herd
of Mr. Bruce, of Inverquhomery. The white broad-backed Chrysanthemum
in Mr. Duthies possession produced, among other things, the massive bull
Chamberlain 60,461, which went to Mr. Peterkin, of Dunglass, and was
bought at his sale by Mr. Philo Mills at a high figure. Few cows could show
such a breeding record as that of Princess Royal.
In i854 three cows were bought at Wilkinson of Lentons sale, viz. Roman
9th, Pomp and Lancaster i6th. Of these Roman by Will Honeycomb was
far the best, and cost 92 gs. Strange to say, the whole of these with their
produce disappeared from Sittyton at a comparatively early date, before
the value of the Lenton blood came to be properly perceived. The practice
at that time was to sell any portion of the herd if a satisfactory price was got.
Some wealthy purchasers came round and fancied the best of these animals.
Amos Cruickshank told me he put a stiff price on Roman, which he thought
might choke off the would-be buyer, but nevertheless the gentleman took
her. I have already told how Lord Bathurst 13,173, from Lancaster i6th,
was parted with to Mr. Stronach, of Ardmeallie. A very fine heifer of hers
was also sold to Mr. Barclay of Keavil for i o gs., but the loss of these Lenton
animals was afterwards much regretted by Amos, and various attempts were
made by him to recover some of the sort, not, however, until it was too
late, and after the fine type had been impaired by injudicious crossing with
inferior strains. This rapid deterioration of type is very remarkable; it was
noticed also with the Lady Sarah blood of Mason, and Thomas Bates used
to maintain that two inferior crosses will ruin the best blood, while even one
will damage it very seriously.
Victorias
In i853 the first of the Victoria family, viz. Victoria i9th, by Lord John
11,731, was bought by Anthony Cruickshank at Mr. Holmes sale in Ireland.
She was sent for service to Booths Red Knight 11,976, then at Shethin, and
produced to him twin heifers, Victoria 29th and 30th. The former had weak
loins and was not good; the latter much better, but left no female stock. The
original purchase, Victoria 19th, was delicate and not good. This character
continued until they were crossed by Champion of England. Victoria 39th
by that bull was a good beast, and bred on to a good age. Her daughter,
Victoria 41st by Lord Privy Seal, was also good, and produced some excellent
stockto wit, Ventriloquist 44,1 So, which made such a mark at Barthol
Chapel, and Victoria 57th, a cow of great substance, by Barmpton Prince
32,955. Victoria 48th by Lord Lancaster was another good one; she was dam
of the stock bull Royal Victor 43,792, sire of Gravesend 46,461. Vermont
47,193, a bull of this blood, did good service at Kinellar. The Victorias had
a long pedigree, running back to Charles Collings Lady Maynard, and their
bull calves often brought high prices. I remember passing through the byres
at Sittyton one day many years ago with Amos Cruickshank, when we came
upon a roan cow. This, said he, is a Victoria; my brother thinks a great
deal of them. With characteristic reticence, he said nothing as to his own
opinion, but I gathered from the tone that it was not quite so favourable.
It was not until their constitution had been renovated by one or two crosses
of Champion blood that any bulls of the tribe were kept for service in the
herd, and even these were but very sparingly used.
Brawith Buds, or Pure Golds

In 1854 the first of the Brawith tribe was got, viz, a young five-year-old cow
called I ure Gold, purchased at Grant Duffs sale at Eden for 90 gs. She was
descended from the cow Brawith Bud, which Mr. Grant Duff had purchased
from Benjamin Wilson, of Brawith, in the North of England, at his sale in
1841 for i6o gs. Brawith Bud bred on till she was eighteen, and her owner
left it on record that she never was a day unwell. Amos Cruickshank, who
remembered her perfectly, told me she was thought a wonder when she
came to Eden. Behind the hooks she was as level as a table, but wanted
fulness of rib, and was too thin-made in front. Taking a side view, she was
a grand-looking animal. Pure Gold was somewhat of the same type, being
a neat, straight beast. She took first prize at Aberdeen on more than one
occasion, and lived to be the oldest cow at Sittyton. So also did her daughter,
Golden Days, which was one of the best milkers in the herd, and bred some
excellent stock. Among these were three capital bulls, viz. Golden Rule by
Champion of England, Pride of the Isles by Scotlands Pride, and Lord of the
Isles by the same sire. Golden Rule went to the Alford district, and was used
by Mr. Reid, of Greystone, and Mr. George Wilken. Pride of the Isles was
stock bull at Sittyton for five or six years, and was sire of Cumberland 46,144,
Athabasca 47,359, and Shapinshay 45,58 iall notable bulls. Lord of the Isles
went to Mr. Bruce, of Inverquhomery, and after serving for some years in
his herd, was brought back to Sittyton on account of the good service his full
brother had done. A daughter of Golden Days, named Golden Morn, was
bought by myself at the Sittyton sale in 1876. Like her dam, she proved both
a good milker and a good breeder. She was in-calf to Lord Lancaster 26,666,
and produced a heifer, Ruby, which also proved a very good breeder. Most
of my Shorthorns are descended from these two animals. Another daughter
of Golden Days, named Golden Year, was retained at Sittyton. She also
lived to be one of the oldest cows in the herd, showing the good constitution
of the sort. The descendants of Pure Gold remained at Sittyton till the
final dispersion of the stock, and latterly formed one of the largest and best
breeding families in it, numbering such fine-breeding matrons as Guineas,
Garnish, Gilliver, Glow-worm (dam of Roan Robin 57,992), Godiva, and
many others; also the stock bulls Gondolier 52,956 and Gondomar 55,821.
Until crossed by the Champion of England blood the tribe continued to be,
like the original purchase, not so wide in the rib as could be wished; but
after that they became amongst the best-ribbed beasts in the herd.
Secrets
In 1855 the first of the Secret family came. This was the cow Sympathy, by
the Bates bull Duke of Athol io,I o. She was bought by Anthony Cruick-
shank at Mr. Tanquerays sale at Hendon, along with The Baron 13,833, and
was in-calf to him. The calf proved to be a heifer, and was named Sunrise.
Sympathy and Sunrise were both of delicate constitution, but Sympathy af-
terwards had two heifers, Splendour and Splendid, by Lord Sackville 13,249,
and these were as robust as could be wished. All the tribe retained at Sitty-
ton were descended from these two. The family was prolific, and many good
animals sprang from them, among which I may mention Surname, dam of
the splendid bull Scottish Archer 59,833, in Mr. Duthies herd. Surname
produced another very good bull Satellite 50,414, which got some excellent
stock in the herd of Mr. Thomson, at Mill of Dumbreck. No bulls, how-
ever, of this family seem to have been retained for service at Sittyton, so far
as I can discover, but there were always a good many females up to the final
sale in 1889.
Duchess of Glo’sters
The first of the Duchess of Glo’ster family was the cow Chance, bought in
i8 from Mr. Robinson, Burton-on-Trent, who got her from her breeder,
Lord Ducie. Chance was not much of a cow, and, like Sympathy, had a
delicate constitution. Her first heifers did not live long, producing only
two or three calves apiece. Seventh Duchess by Lord Raglan was the first
good one of the sort. She had five calves to Champion of England, and
these did best. Sixth Duchess by Lord Garlies also bred pretty well, and a
daughter of hers by Lord Raglan, viz. Ninth Duchess of Gloster, produced
to Champion of England a remarkably good bull named Grand Duke of
Gloster 26 288, which was considered one of the best ever bred at Sittyton.
He very much resembled his sire in character, more so, perhaps, than any
other of the Champions descendants. Unfortunately he broke a leg when he
was two years old by slipping off a rocky knoll, and consequently left but
a few calves, all of which, however, were good, some of them remarkably
so. One, named Royal Duke of Gloster 29864, was not only very handsome
in personal appearance, but also one of the most valuable sires ever used
at Sittyton. The loss of Grand Duke of Gloster so early was considered
amongst the greatest misfortures that befell the herd. The pedigree of this
Gloster family traced back to Charles Coilings cow Magdalena by Comet.
The original purchase, Chance, was got by the Bates bull Duke of Gloster
11,382, bred by Lord Ducie, and her dam Chaplet by the Wiseton bull
Usurer 9763. The family was not very numerous latterly at Sittyton, but a
few remained to the close.
Crocus
In i86o were got three cows which deserve notice, viz. Crocus by Jemmy
ii,6ii, Avalanche by Sir Samuel 15,302, and Violette by Lorenzo 20,235.
Crocus was bred by Mr. Morison, of Bognie, in Aberdeen- shire, and
was bought at his sale at Mountblairy. She was a nice, level, short-legged
cow, of a red colour, with some white about her, and proved a good breeder.
Her daughter, Cicely by Lancaster Royal 18,167, was also a specially good
one. From Cicely were descended many first-rate animals, and this family
was coming out latterly to be about the best in the herd; not so notable
for bulls, however, as for the cows, many of which were toppers, such as
Courtesy by Scotlands Pride, Cornucopia by Grand Vizier, Circassia by
Champion of England, Campion by Roan Gauntlet, Corolla by Feudal Chief,
etc. Courtesy and Campion were probably the two finest-looking cows in
the herd, being animals of a large scale and splendid form. The family was
descended from a cow, Premium by George 2057, bought by Grant Duff, of
Eden, from James Chrisp, of Doddington, in 1839, for 42 gs.; but Crocus
and her dam, Kitty, were sired by bulls having a good deal of Lord Spencers
blood. Mr. Willis prize heifer Cactus was descended from this family.
Avalanche
Avalanche, by the in-bred Booth bull Sir Samuel, was a roan cow, bred by
Mr. Dudding, of Panton, and bought as a yearling at his sale. She was
straight and level, but bare of flesh, too high on the leg, and looked delicate.
Most of the tribe were light-fleshed and wanting in constitution. Anemone
by Forth 17,866 was the only daughter of Avalanche that bred good stock,
and Anemones daughter, Azalea by Ca sar Augustus 25704, produced two
notable bulls, viz. Athabasca 47,359, which did good service in Mr. Marrs
herd at Uppermill, and Field Marshal 47,870, which went to Mr. Duthie, of
Collynie. Field Marshal gre w up to be one of the finest-looking bulls ever
bred at Sittyton, and attracted much attention in England while on hire
in Her Majestys herd at Windsor. It was Field Marshal and his son Mario
51,713 that seem to have opened the eyes of English breeders to the value
of the Cruickshank blood.
Another famous animal of this family was the cow Alma, a granddaugh-
ter of Anemones. She went as a heifer to Mr. Mitchell, of Auchnagathle, as
I formerly mentioned. The Avalanche family did not increase latterly. They
were not favourites with Amos Cruickshank, and he retained no bulls of this
blood for service in the herd.
Violettes
The Violette cow was bred by Mr. Morrison, of Montcoffer and was bought
at his sale. She was rather weak on the loins and not much to look at,
but produced to Champion of England three remarkably fine females, viz.
Finella, Violante, and Victorine; also another, quite as good, to Grand
Monarque, named Vellum. These ranked amongst the best at Sittyton dur-
ing their time. Violante was a large, splendid- looking animal, and bred on
till she was fourteen or fifteen. A fine bull calf of hers was kept for service,
but did not prove useful. Vellum was dam of the bull Privy Seal 50,268,
which did much good in the herd of Mr. Bruce, of Jnverquhomery.
Barmpton Roses
In 1864 a very nice neat cow, called Butterflys Pride, was got from Colonel
Towneley. She was sired by Royal Butterfly 16,862, and was in-calf to the
Bates bull Second Duke of Wharfdale 19,649. The produce was a heifer
called Butterflys Joy, which was not good, the Wharfdale cross having
spoiled the breed. Her next produce was a white heifer, Butterflys Fancy
by Forth 17,866. She was a very good one, and bred well, but her produce
were all sold. Butterflys Joy, although not good herself, produced two good
females to Forths son Allan 21,172. One of these, named Barrnpton Flower,
was dam of the stock bull Barmpton 37,763 by Royal Duke of Gloster. The
other, called Butterflys Delight, was dam of Barmpton Prince 32,995 by
Viceroy. He got a leg broke, and had to be sent to the butcher, but left a
few very good calves. Butterflys Joy also bred a bull, Ben Wyvis 30,528,
which was used for a short time. The bulls of this family seem to have been
employed for the purpose of introducing some fresh blood into the herd. The
tribe was descended from Mr. Culshaws favourite cow Barmpton Rose by
Expectation 1988, bred by Mr. Waldy, of Barmpton, near Darlington. As
some one said
He loved them points all over with a bright dew on the nose,
And in his heart of hearts was writ a touch of Barmpton Rose.
Lovelys
Lovely 6th and Lovely 8th were two very good cows bought at the Shethin
sale in 1863. They were both sired by Bosquet 14,183, a bull bred by Sir
Charles Knightley, which cost Mr. Shepherd 200 gs. as a two-year-old at
the Fawsley sale in i8 6. Bosquet was thought by the Cruickshanks to be the
best of the English bulls used at Shethinbetter than Bates Grand Duke or
Booths Red Knight. The Lovelys were descended from a fine cow, Marion
by Anthony 1640, which was bred by Mr. Lovell, of Edgcott, and brought
from England by Mr. Hay, of Shethin.
Lovely 8th, crossed by Grand Monarque 21,867, produced the bull Scot-
lands Pride 25,100, which ranked among the best of the Sittyton sires, and
was a great favourite with Amos Cruickshank. She was also dam of a fine
cow, Lovely 9th by Windsor Augustus, and Lovely 9th produced to Cham-
pion of England the bull Lord Lancaster 26,666, which was a good deal used.
Lord Lansdown 29,128 was another of this blood, being a grandson of Lovely
6th. A few Lovelys remained in the herd to the close, but the family some-
how didnt seem to be improving latterly, probably from having been crossed
with unsuitable blood. Another purchase at the Shethin sale, in 1863, was
Princess Royal 5th by Bosquet. She had for her grandsire Bates Grand Duke
10,284, and was not considered to be so good stuff as the Lovelys. The bull
Royal Prince 25,040, bred by her, got a trial but did not prove a success,
and this family soon dropped out of the herd.
Spicys
In i868 a cow called Spicy 4th xvas purchased from Mr. Milne, of Kinaldie,
in Aberdeenshire, who brought her dam from England, where she was bred
by Mr. Harvey Combe, of Cobham Park, in Surrey. He got the sort from
the Earl of Carlisle, who in his turn had acquired the first recorded cow
of the family, named Snowdrop, from a Mr. Stubbs, who bred her. The
cow Spicy by Marmaduke 14,897, which Mr. Milne brought North, is said
to have been a remarkably fine one. Spicy 4th produced to Champion of

England an excellent cow, called Silvery, and the family was considered a
good one, but was not numerous at Sittyton. The bulls Strongbow 52230
and Sea King 61,769 were from it. Strongbow was used for a season or two
at Sittyton, and was sire of the more noted Norseman 56,233, which went
to Her Majestys herd at Windsor.
Lavenders
Among the last females imported were the Lavenders. Amos Cruickshank
had made several attempts to recover some of the old Lenton blood of John
Wilkinsons, but not until it was too late. Some Hebes were got from the
Messrs. Dudding, of Panton, but they proved a bad lot, and were soon
drummed off. A Lancaster and a Lenton Lady were also procured from
Mr. Harris, in Worcestershire, with no better result. Finally, in 1870, some
Lavenders were got from Mr. Butler, of Badminton, who bought the dam
from Mr. Logan, of Maindee, near Newport, in Monmouthshire, who in
his turn had obtained them from Wilkinson. These Lavenders were bought
solely because of their Lenton origin. The subsequent crosses had well-
nigh obliterated the fine old type of Wilkinson, and they were not quick
to respond to the Sittyton treatment, but some did so. Lavender 6th by
Lord Lansdowne, and Lavender 17th by Royal Duke of Gloster, and their
descendants were much the best. Lavender 17th was, in fact, the best heifer
of her year, and grew up to be a great, fine cow. Lavender 6th was also a
large beast, and bred n to a good old age. She was dam of the bull Feudal
Chief 51,251, which was in service during the last few years of the herds
existence, but was not a particularly good one. Mr. XVilIiss bull Count
Lavender 60,545 by Norseman was also from this family.
11.5.6 Aims at Sittyton

I have now given some account of the more important purchases which went
to lay the foundation of the great Short- horn herd at Sittyton. It will have
been seen that materials were gathered from all quarters. There was no
such thing as an adherence to any one strain of blood, but there was no
doubt an attempt to get them all of a certain good pattern. Beef more
than milk was the object, and less attention was paid to pedigree than to
personal merit. This was the case at least with Amos Cruickshank. His
brother Anthony, who was more versed in Herd Book and showyard records,
no doubt went a good deal upon pedigree. Amos knew the importance of
having his cattle come of a good sort, but he depended more upon his own
personal knowledge and observation of the animals themselves, and how
they had formerly bred, than upon long-drawn-out pedigrees. Latterly, of
course, he had a very thorough acquaintance for several generations back
with the animals reared by himself and he attached much importance
to having the top crosses of the best sort. The two brothers worked most
harmoniously together, but occasionally some difference of opinion arose in
regard to the animals bought. The large stake which Anthony had in the
concern, made him, I dare say, for a considerable time the predominant
partner, and his go-ahead commercial spirit led him to dash into purchases
which his slower-going brother did not always approve of. But the two
made an excellent combination, for, if Amos was the more thorough judge,
especially in regard to the constitution and thriving qualities of an animal,
Anthony, on the other hand, supplied the steam which kept the enterprise
agoing. But for Matthew Boulton, James Watt and his marvellous engine
would probably never have emerged from obscurity. In like manner, had
it not been for Anthony Cruickshank, Amos and his Shorthorns, I believe,
might never have been heard of. I have still some account to give of the
home-bred sires that had most influence on the Sittyton herd, my previous
notes having had reference chiefly to the imported materials. Some account
of these home-bred bulls will perhaps be more interesting to most breeders
than the details I have been led into regarding the animals that were bought
in.
11.5.7 Home bred sires used

Before proceeding to give some account of the home-bred sires used at Sitty-
ton, I would wish to correct an impression which I am told arose among some
of the readers of these papers when they appeared in serial form (although
I dont see how it should), viz, that all the earlier bulls, bought for service in
the herd, were purchased on account of their prize- winning reputation. This
was certainly far from being the case. The Ury bulls Jnkhorn, Premier, and
Conqueror had never been shown, neither had Fairfax Royal, Velvet Jacket,
Plantagenet, Report, Lord Cardigan, John Bull, nor Lord Stanley. Others
again, such as Matadore and The Baron, were bought young, after having
made but one appearance in the prize lists. These were all selected by the
brothers Cruick- shank on their own judgment as likely to benefit their herd,
not merely because they had a successful showyard career. Although two
sons of Fairfax Royal got a trial, the first home- bred sire that left any lasting
impression on the herd was Lord Sackville 13,249, who was kept as being
one of the best of Matadores get. Sackville was a roan, calved in 1854, and
was used apparently as a sort of reserve bull for five or six seasons, but not
so freely as he might have been. He is chiefly remembered as the sire of the
two cows Splendour and Splendid, of the Secret tribe, a family to which he
imparted strength of constitution. This quality he himself inherited from
both sire and dam. Sackville was out of a very good cow of Ury blood
(Barcliana by The Pacha), and was remarkable for his level flesh, quality,
and robustness. Constitution was a point to which Amos Cruickshank paid
particular attention; in fact, it may be said to be the one on which he laid

most store.
Champion of England 17,526 and his influence

Champion of England 17,526 was really the first home bred bull that left
an extensive mark on the herd. Calved in November, 1859, he was used
from i86i to 1870 inclusive that is to say, for ten successive seasonsat first
sparingly and with caution, but afterwards very freely, when it was seen
how his stock turned out. I dont know how many calves he left altogether.
They must have been about two hundred, or perhaps more. I have myself a
list of one hundred and seventy. His produce, as a whole, were remarkably
good, more so, indeed, than those of any other bull ever used at Sittyton,
and he seemed to get both bulls and cows with equal success. They were
generally large, growthy, healthy, thriving beasts, with straight backs, deep
ribs, and good hair; heavy carcases on shortish legs; often not so stylish and
neat in their hind quarters, for they lacked that finish in their frames which
would have brought them to the top in the Royal or the Highland Societys
shows. A marked feature was their early development. No other bulls calves
came out so strong as young animals. Champion himself was in colour a
roan, of good size, but not extra large, stood on short legs, had a deep-
ribbed, heavy carcase, a strong back, which, so far from sinking at all at the
loins or middle, rather tended to arch up there. He had a slight droop from
the hooks to the rump, which detracted from his appearance, but had good
hind quarters, was heavy and full in his thighs, unusually good in his fore-
ribs, and had a fine elastic skin, with good hair. He left a large number of
capital cows, and I am told that Amos Cruickshank thought the herd was
at its best during the time the Champions cows were in full bloom. Many
of them proved remarkably good breeders. This was also the case with his
bulls, which almost invariably gave satisfaction to the farmers who bought
them. Few Shorthorn breeders, indeed, took them, as the Champion had no
showyard reputation nor a fashionable pedigree; but those who did so found
they were in luck. Mr. Bruce, of Inverquhomery, a very good judge, tells
me he got one called Cherry Prince 49,265, which he thinks was about the
best getter he ever had. On requiring another he xvent back to Sittyton to
make a new selection, but considered it advisable to have a change of blood.
Looking through the stock, he pitched on the calf he liked best, but was
met by the remark, That is a son of the Champions. He therefore pointed
out another good one. That also is by the Champion; and again another,
and another, for about half a dozen, always with the same result. Adhering,
however, to his resolution to have fresh blood, he eventually took one got
by Forth, but he by no means gave the same satisfaction that his previous
purchase had done.
The produce of the bulls used at Sittyton before Lancaster Comet was
in many cases very good. Especially was it so in regard to that of Fairfax

Royal, who left some grand, wealthy cows; nevertheless, it seemed to Amos
Cruickshank that, although the herd was then good, yet the type would be
improved by developing an animal with more substance and thickness of
both flesh and body. Champion of England had these properties in a very
unusual degree. Amos therefore thought that in this animal he had at length
found what he wanted. The result proved that he was not mistaken. Some
fourteen of the Champions sons got a trial more or less long at Sittyton.
Several of these did fairly well, although none proved equal to their sire.
The first was Grand Monarque 21,867, out of Violet by the Lenton bull
Lord Bathurst. He was sold before being long in service, owing, I believe, to
the character of his horns, which were too pointed and not well placed on
his head. Judging, however, from the stock he left, Grand Monarque would
have been one of the very best. His son Scotlands Pride 25,100 was kept on
for seven seasons, and proved a valuable sire. Two of the most notable cows
in the herd, viz. Courtesy and Russian Violet, were by him, and so was
the stock bull Pride of the Isles 35,072. Pride of the Isles was from a good
milking dam called Golden Days, and the cows got by him were especially
noted for their excellence at the pail, almost every one being above average,
and many of them really good dairy cows. When in his bloom Pride of the
Isles was one of the best looking of the Champions descendants, and was
sire of some excellent bulls, such as Cumberland 46,144, Shapinshay 45,581,
Athabasca 47,359, and Royal Victor 43,792. Pride of the Isles had been sold
as a calf to a farmer in Tarland, who took first prize with him at Aberdeen as
a two-year-old in 1874; whereupon his breeder bought him back, and a most
judicious purchase it proved. Grand Duke of Gloster 26288 was considered
the most promising of the Champions sons, and was the one which probably
most resembled him in personal appearance; but, as I formerly mentioned,
he broke a leg when two years old, and was thus prematurely lost, but he
transmitted his excellence to his son Royal Duke of Gloster 29,864, who was
sire of Roan Gauntlet, and of some very excellent cows, such as Custard,
Souvenir, Garnish, Violet Oueen, Lavender 17th, etc.
Ca sar Augustus 25,704 was one of the most used sons of the Champion,
being in service for six seasons, but he did not prove quite so good a sire as
those I have already mentioned. He became too paunchy and flat in the rib
as he aged. He was of an entire deep-red, and most of his stock were red.
Roan Gauntlet 35,284

Next to Champion of England, the bull that ranked highest in the estimation
of the Messrs. Cruickshank was Roan Gauntlet 35.284. This animal had
been sold as a calf, under the name of Commander, to Mr. Rennie, Mill
of Coullie, in whose possession he remained three seasons. While there, a
fire broke out in the farm offices, and some of the burning timbers fell upon
the bull before he could be got out, and caused a sore on his back which
never quite healed, and made him rather troublesome to handle. About the
year 1878 matters were not in a very satisfactory state at Sittyton. Pride
of the Isles was getting old, and there was a want of a first-rate home-bred
bull to take his place. Recent purchases had also been unfortunate. Prince
Alfred, almost the only one that promised to do any good, had been lost
prematurely by foot-and-mouth disease. To some outsiders it looked as if
the herd was going down. Under these circumstances, Amos Cruickshank
bethought himself of this animal at Mill of Coullie. He was out of one of
his best breeding cows, Princess Royal, a daughter of the Champion, while
his sire, Royal Duke of Gloster, was one of his handsomest and best bulls.
He determined, therefore, to secure him, and never did he do a wiser thing,
for Roan Gauntlet may be said to have put the herd upon its legs again.
He was in service for about five seasons, and, considering the number of his
stock, the proportion of first-raters he left was most remarkable. Among
the notable bulls got by him I may mention Ventriloquist, Field Marshal,
William of Orange, Baron Violet, Cayhurst, Dunblane, Viking, Scottish
Victor, Lanchester, etc. Many of his cows were equally remarkable, such
as Campion, Gilliver, Glow-worm, Violet Girl, Wild Violet, Lavender 37th,
etc. I remember one day at Sittyton talking with Amos about the sires of his
herd. Champion of England was mentioned. Ill never have the like of him,
said he. Was Pride of the Isles or Roan Gauntlet the better? Roan Gauntlet
much the better. But Royal Duke of Gloster, was not he as good? He shook
his head. Royal Duke was very good, but not so good as Roan Gauntlet.
But, said I, he was. Roan Gauntlets sire, and therefore, in a measure,
deserves the credit of him. He gave a pleasant smile, as if it was a good
idea, but wouldnt pursue the question further. Royal Duke was decidedly
the handsomer animal of the two, and was out of a dam quite as good, if
not better-looking, than Princess Royal, but his stock as a whole were by
no means equal to Roan Gauntlets, although he left some very good ones.
Roan Gauntlet was of a lightish roan colour, with a deep, heavy carcase
on shortish legs. For size, quality, hair, and substance he was all right; he
was well let down in his hind quarters, and his ribs sprung well out from
his back, but inclined to flatten lower down. He had a biggish head, and
his face was covered with very curly hair. Although a good- looking bull,
he was not so handsome as some others that fell far below him as getters.
Like Champion of England, he would not have come to the top in the show
yard of either the Royal or the Highland Society. So far as I am aware he
was never exhibited at any of our national shows nor at 2F Aberdeen. We
often find that it is not the best showyard animal that proves the best sire.
The stock got by Roan Gauntlet were, like those of Champion of England, of
good size, and remarkable for their early development, natural depth of flesh,
and quality. His cows were generally no great milkers, neither was his dam,
Princess Royal, very milky, although she had enough to bring up a good
calf. Like Charles Colling, Amos Cruickshank did not, as a breeder, aim
specially at milk, but appreciated it when he got it. In regard to the stock
after different bulls, I may mention that, for yield of milk, Matadore and
Champion of England did good as a whole. The Baron did harm. Some of
Lord Raglans were very good milkers, but many of them quite the opposite.
As a herd the Sittyton one did fairly well. Besides supplying all the servants
on the farm with milk, Amos Cruickshank, I am told, had been known to
sell as much as /’12o worth of butter in a season, and no cows except the
Shorthorns were kept. The herd, however, it must be re- meinbered, was a
very large one.
Cumberland 46,144
Of the later bulls, Cumberland 46,144 was the most successful, and would
rank next to Roan Gauntlet in reputation. He was in service for eight
seasons up to the dispersion of the herda longer period than any other
bull except Champion of England, which shows how highly his owner must
have esteemed him. Cumberlands sire was Pride of the Isles, and his dam,
Custard, was a full sister of Roan Gauntlet. Cumberland proved a most im-
pressive sire, and left an extraordinary number of fine animals of both sexes.
Among the notable bulls got by him I may mention Scottish Archer, Roan
Robin, Royal James, Scotland Yet, Sittyton Fame, Gondolier, Merlin, Cold-
stream, Hotspur, Master of the Ceremonies, Feudal Chief, etc. Cumberland
was a deep red roan in colournearly red, indeed. Like his dam Custard, he
was rather undersized. He had plenty of length for his other dimensions,
short legs, straight back, good hair and skin, very good hind quarters, was
remarkably level and neat from the hook to the rump, and at the setting-on
of the tail, but would have been the better of more width and massiveness
in front. Cumberland was the sire of a great many beautiful heifers. He
improved the hind quarters of the herd, but his stock, as a rule (to which,
however, there were many exceptions), inclined to be rather undersized, and
did not come up to the proportions of those got by Champion of England
and Roan Gauntlet, which were generally large, full-sized animals. Being
usually very short on the leg, like himself, Cumberlands stock no doubt
looked smaller than they actually were.
The bulls used at Sittyton were generally red or roan in colour. The
only white one I remember was Bridesman, and he was not much used.
There were always, however, a few white cows. The North-country farmers
generally disliked the white. The Americans, who were latterly the best
customers, would not have it at all. They insisted much upon red. It
was therefore necessary to please these parties, and white accordingly was
discouraged. Amos Cruickshank, however, admitted that the whites were
often very good. Inkhorn, the first bull he had, was a white. His own pre-
ference, he told me, was rather for roans.
When the herd was sold in 1889, Cumberland was still to the fore; but
his day was done. Commodore 54,1 i8, a three- year-old, was coming up
to take his place. He was a red bull out of the same dam as Cumberland,
and was got by Baron Violet, a son of Roan Gauntlet. Commodore was
much admired by several breeders, some of whom would fain have bought
him, but he was exported to South America. That destination, however,
he never reached, for he went to the bottom of the Atlantic, I understand,
along with several others. Gondolier 52,956, a son of Cumberland, promised
to have been one of that bulls best successors, but unfortunately, slipped
both his shoulders and they never came right. He became a complete wreck.
Feudal Chief 51,251 was another son of Cumberland, out of a Lavender cow.
He went to Mr. Foljambe, of Osberton Hall, after getting a few years trial
at Sittyton. Gondomar 55,821, one of his get, out of a very good cow called
Godiva, of the Brawith Bud tribe, was a young bull about two years old
when the herd was broken up. He was sire of some heifers which went to
Mr. Willis, and of a few bull-calves which remained in this country after
the herd was sold. His dam, Godiva, was a full sister of Gondolier.
11.5.8 Amos Cruickshank’s work

Amos Cruickshank had a more extensive practical experience in the breed-
ing of Shorthorn cattle than any other man in this country. During a long
life he had presided over the fortunes of the largest herd in the kingdom.
He had also personally visited and examined almost all the leading herds in
England. The opinions and practice of such a man deservQ much respect.
If there was one point more than another which he studied, I think it was
constitution. He wanted to have his animals of sound, healthy frames, with
good hearty appetites and thick coats of hair, so that they could face the
cold ungenial weather we often have in our north-eastern parts of Britain,
and thrive xvell upon the ordinary vegetable produce of the farm. He didnt
approve of pampering his breeding stock, and the necessity for doing so
made him desist from exhibiting at public shows. The bull-calves no doubt
got their extra feed, but the cows, as a rule, had to depend on the pas-
tures during summer, with turnips and straw for their winter fare. The
fashionably bred animals imported from the south too often turned out to
be wanting in constitution. If Amos had had a free hand he would have
made short work of these purchases by having the imported animal and all
its belongings speedily killed out, and, I think, very wisely. Towards the end
no doubt he had things his own way, and with manifest advantage.
The value of the Sittyton herd has been better appreciated since its
dispersion than it was during its existence. Its high qualities had long been
recognized in its own district and in America; but in England, during the
craze for pure Bates and pure Booth, it was apt to be neglected. Now
the danger rather is that we shall have an equally absurd craze for pure
Cruickshank, which, in course of time, would probably lead to equally bad

results. The value of the Sittyton herd lay in the fact that the stock had
long been bred from carefully selected animals, the pick of a large and good
herd, culled by a good judge who knew them well. A large herd has its
advantages, for it gives a wider field for selection, and if it is at the same
time both large and good there are, of course, more chances of something
first rate turning up. Latterly the chief danger at Sittyton lay in breeding
so long and so closely from Champion of England blood. Amos Cruickshank
was well aware of the danger that is apt to arise from too close breeding. The
large size of the herd, however, and the number of families in it enabled him
by careful steering to avoid bad results; but it would be a mistake to suppose
that he wished to adhere exclusively to animals of his own breeding, for he
was by no means bigoted in favour of using his own blood only. He would
gladly have availed himself of any other which he thought likely to do good,
as he knew well the value of an occasional infusion of fresh healthy material.
It was no particular love for close breeding that made him latterly refrain
entirely from the use of outside material, but rather the consciousness that
he was growing too old to indulge in any more hazardous experiments,
and the increasing difficulty he met with in finding any blood that could be
introduced with a probability of success.
The Sittyton herd affords a good example of what may be accomplished
by the judicious employment of one suitable animal. The blood of Cham-
pion of England was gradually worked into the whole herd, until it became
the predominating element in almost every individual. A similar use was
made of the bull Favourite by Charles Coiling. Richard Booth did much the
same with Crown Prince, and Wilkinson, of Lenton, very notably with Will
Honeycomb; but none of these breeders carried out the process so long and
so extensively as Amos Cruickshank. Wilkinson, after buying Will Honey-
comb, bought no other bull, but used him straight on for about a dozen
years, and his descendants after him. I have been told that his reason for
acting thus was that he thought he could only in this way maintain the type
of Spectator and Will Honeycomb, which he wanted to preserve. When he
found it desirable to infuse some fresh blood he did so by buying the cow
Zeal from Lord Spencer, and using her progeny got by his own bulls. Amos
Cruickshank, who had a high opinion of Wilkinson and his herd, seems to
have followed his example very much in his own mode of breeding. Had it
not been for the blood I got from Wilkinson, he told me, as already men-
tioned, I dont know where I would have been; so much importance did he
attribute to the effect of Lancaster Comet and his son the Champion.
11.5.9 Closing events

To the foregoing comprehensive sketch of the Messrs. Cruickshank and their
herd, by Mr. Jameson, a few closing notes may be added. From 1842 to
1876 there were sold from Sittyton for breeding purposes one thousand and
thirty bulls, at an average of 36 12s. 9d., and three hundred and twenty-
one cows and heifers, at an average of 32 14s. 9d., making a total of one
thousand three hundred and fifty-one animals for 48,247, an average of 35
14s. The bulk of the surplus of young bulls and heifers from 1877 to 1889
were sold to Canada and the United States, only a comparatively small
number being retained for the supply of regular customers. The total sales
for breeding purposes for the forty- seven years ended in 1889 are believed
to have numbered one thousand nine hundred and twelve animals, for which
Mr. R. Bruce estimates that over 68,ooo was received.
System of breeding from about 1874

In a preface to a catalogue of the Sittyton herd, published in 1874, Mr.
Amos Cruickshank, after giving a list of the bulls that had been purchased
and used in the herd for a long period, added
Though in many cases these bulls produced satisfactory re-
sults, it was found that their descendants were too often defi-
cient in the qualities of arriving at early maturity and aptness to
fatten. For the last few years, therefore, most of the bulls at Sit-
tyton have been bred there from cows whose personal qualities,
and the qualities of whose ancestors, have been matters of daily
observation to the owner for many years; and it is believed that,
by this means, both the milking properties of the cows and the
beef- producing aptitude of the numerous sires sold have been
greatly improved, and by this system much uniformity of type
has been attained.
These words indicate the time when the system of using home-bred bulls
was adopted. That method was ever afterwards continued with the most
successful results.
The objects and methods

Mr. J. W. Cruickshank, writing in July, 1882, with reference to the Sittyton
herd, said
The profit of farming in the district has for many years mainly
arisen from the raising of beef for the London markets, where Ab-
erdeen beef has long held a high place. The Sittyton herd has
always depended upon the demand for young bulls from tenant
farmers who feed for that market, and hence the plan of breed-
ing has been at once brought to a practical test. If a mistake
was made, no matter how high the breeding, or how straight
the pedigree, the rent-paying farmer would have nothing to do
with the produce. It has been a matter of necessity to turn out

animals of strong constitution and such as mature early. Unless
a bull is healthy, easily fed, of good symmetry, and capable of
stamping his own good qualities with certainty, he does not pay
the grazing farmer; the demand falls off, and the discredited sire
must go. Our climate is a hard one, and for thirty weeks of the
year the animals are housed and fed on turnips and oat straw,
with an allowance of oilcake to the young things, and for the
remaining twenty-two weeks all the stock depends solely upon
sown grasses, grown in rotation with oats, barley, and turnips.
Some sixty or seventy calves arc bred yearly, and it is rarely that
one is lost; no nurse cows are kept. The Shorthorns (the only
stock on the farm), besides suckling their calves, have to yield
a sufficient surplus of milk to supply the workers on the farm
and the wants of the house. A system of rearing and feeding
as nearly natural as possible is aimed at, and the more natural
the conditions under vhich the animals live, the better is the
result obtained. What is called line breeding has never been at-
tempted, but decided changes in the strain of blood used have
seldom done well. To breed a good sort and then stick pretty
closely to it, so long as it maintains its good qualities, has always
been found to be the best plan. Animals must be good and come
of a good sort to be of any use, and the weeds produced, even
by good sorts, ought to be carefully avoided. Pedigree has been
highly valued as a record of the quality of an animals ancestors,
but no length of pedigree, no number of straight crosses, and no
ancient reputation can, it is believed, make an indifferent bull a
safe sire.
The sale of the herd

Mr. Robert Bruce has described, in his article on the late Mr. Amos Cruick-
shank, in the Transactions of the Highland Society (1896), (which is also
reproduced in the same authors book, Fifty Years Among Shorthorns,) the
circumstances attending the final distribution of the herd. He says the res-
olution to sell was agreed upon owing to Mr. Cruickshanks failing health,
and the fact that the lease of his farm had expired, and when the proposition
of a private purchase of the entire lot was made, he liked the idea, seeing
that it would save him all the worry and trouble attending a public sale. In
a letter to Mr. Bruce, dated May th, 1889, he wrote:
In reply to your letter regarding the Shorthorn cattle, my
lease of the farm expires next year. I am in my eighty-second
year, and from a serious illness which I had last year, I am not
now able to give the cattle that attention which I had used to
11.6. UPPERMILL 401
do, and which is essentially necessary to continue. This is the

cause of their being offered for sale.
Mr. Bruce purchased the herd in the early summer of 1889, for Messrs.
James Nelson and Sons, of Liverpool, the intention being to export them to
the Argentine. Principally because of the financial troubles in Buenos Ayres,
the larger portion of the cattle remained on the farm until May, 1890. It
was fully intended to ship the whole herd to South America, except a few
of the older cows, but the financial crisis in the Argentine led to somewhat
forced sales at home. The effect of these home sales upon the breed as a
whole, adds Mr. Bruce, is daily more and more seen and appreciated, and
it is not too much to say that the Cruickshank cattle and the Cruickshank
blood have been an untold blessing in the Shorthorn world.
Mr. Bruce furnishes us with the detailed statement of the ultimate
distribution of the herd shown in table 11.1.
Mr. Amos Cruickshank, who was born at Kinmuick, near Inverurie, in

i8o8, became tenant of Sittyton in 1837, and died in May, 1895, aged eighty-
seven years. The success of his herd and his methods of breeding, and the
widespread beneficial influence of his stock throughout the world, entitles
him to rank with the greatest of those associated with the improvement of
Shorthornsthe Collings, Bates, and the Booths.
11.6 Uppermill
In the year 1833, Mr. William S. Marr succeeded his grandfather as tenant
of the farm of Uppermill, Tarves, Aberdeenshire, on the estates of the E irl
of Aberdeen. He was a notable example of the men who have made that
county famous in agricultural annals. With the practical details and hard
work of farm life he was well acquainted. He had not occupied Uppermill
to take his ease; as an agricultural subject the farm was capable of much
improvement, and the task to which he first set himself was to turn what was
largely composed of barren moor into highly cultivated fields, smiling xvith
plenty. His ambition was a noble one, and through the exercise of great
industry as well as skill and pecuniary outlay on the part of the tenant,
Uppermill came in the course of time to be known as one of the first farms
in a district justly noted for the enterprise of its tenantry. The Premier Earl
of Aberdeen brought visitors to see the reclamations that were being carried
on at Uppermill, so much were they spoken of at the time.
11.6.1 Commencement of the herd

It was not long before Mr. Marr began to turn his attention to another
field as an outlet for his vigorous activity. In 1853 began his association
Number Family Buyer

6 Violet Mr. C. Tindall for Mr. Sutton- Nelthorpe.
4 Venus Mr. W. Duthie.
3 Venus Mr. J. Deane Willis.
1 Venus South America.
4 Secret Mr. W. Duthie.
3 Secret Mr. J. Deane Willis.
1 Secret Mr. J. Wilson, Huntly.
9 Pure Gold South America.
1 Pure Gold Mr. W. Duthie.
5 Pure Gold Mr. J. Deane Willis.
2 Victoria Mr. W. Duthie.
4 Victoria Mr. J. Deane Willis.
3 Victoria South America.
3 Duchess of Glo’ster Mr. W. Duthie.
3 Crocus Mr. W. Duthie.
7 Crocus Mr. J. Deane Willis.
11 Crocus South America.
4 Clipper Mr. W. Duthie.
2 Clipper Mr. J. Deane Willis.
2 Clipper Mr. C. W. Tindall.
7 Lavender Mr. W. Duthie.
4 Lavender Mr. J. Deane Willis.
2 Lavender Mr. C. W Tindall.
3 Spicy Mr. W. Duthie.
1 Spicy Mr. J. Deane Willis.
2 Lovely Mr. W. Duthie.
1 Lovely Mr. J. Deane Willis.
1 Orange Blossom South America.
1 Glenronach Mr. W. Duthie.
1 Barmpton Rose Mr. J. Deane Willis.
1 Barmpton Rose South America.
1 Nonpariel Mr. J. Deane Willis.
1 Nonpariel South America.
1 Violette Mr. W. Duthie.
1 Violette Mr. J. Deane Willis.
1 Avalanche Mr. W. Duthie.
1 Avalanche Mr. C. W. Tindall.
Table 11.1: Buyers of females of the Sittyton herd.
with Shorthorn breeding, which continued during the remainder of his life.
He then laid the foundation of a herd that had a career of unique success.
11.6. UPPERMILL 403
Its fame extended all over the world, for, apart from its great and beneficial
influence on the herds at home, it furnished to our American cousins strains
of Shorthorn blood which had a large share in making the reputation of
Aberdeenshire Shorthorn cattle in the United States and Canada. Like
many other Scotch Shorthorn herds, the foundation of that at Uppermill
was, to a considerable extent, based on the old Ury blood, and to the cattle
sprung from this source, and the herd of Mr. Whitehead, Little Methlick,
Mr. Marr attributed much of his success as a breeder. But the herd was
managed with good judgment, and had the advantage, for which there can
be no substitute, of having had at the helm for all those years a hand that
never faltered in storm or calm, but directed its prorgess with great good
judgment and continuity of purpose. For some time before his death, Mr.
Marr had a very capable assistant in his son, Mr. W. S. Marr, jun., and
when on his fathers death the direction of the herd devolved entirely on
him, its prestige was well maintained, and, indeed, advanced, for he had the
enthusiasm and interest in the objects which the founder of the herd had
successfully pursued for so many years.
In the foundation of the herd, Mr. Marr, at the last Ury sale, in 1847, and
elsewhere as occasion offered, made purchases of females. Careful selection
was carried out, and in the event of particular strains of blood not producing
the desired result, the stock were not retained. Thus several of the early
families did not continue in the herd.
Helens and Bessies

A tribe largely represented in two lines of descent came from Helen by Sir
Arthur 12,072, bred by the late Mr. Whitehead, Little Methlick, and bought
at his sale when a four-year old, a heavy, serviceable red and white. She
was a granddaughter of Likely by The Pacha 7612, bought as a two-year-old
heifer at the Ury dispersion, and having, at the base of her pedigree, Kitty
and Dora, both by the early bull Diamond 205, bred by Colonel Trotter.
At Upper- mill, Helen dropped a bull calf to Young Sir Arthur, son of her
own sire, sold at Little Methlick, for ioi gs. Thereafter she had two heifer-
calves, from which came the Helens and Bessies. Her calf of 1842, Helen 2nd
by the Athelstane- ford-bred bull Sir Hubert 18,844, produced Helen 4th,
which, with a bull-calf at foot, passed into the hands of Lord Polwarth for
150 gs. She bred well in his lordships possession, and Mr. Marr afterwards
bought one of her sons, The Baron, for use in his own herd. Helen i ith,
a granddaughter of Lord Polwarths cow, and got by the famous sire Heir
of Englishman, was sold in 1876, as a four-year-old with bull-calf at foot
to Mr. Armstrong, Canada, for 250 gs., but latterly none of these were
represented in the herd, except through the Bessies, which became the next
to the largest family at Uppermill, and they were held in high repute. Not
a few of them went into local herds as sires and did excellent service, while
several were sold for exportation. Of this family was the champion bull Sign
of Riches 60,324. In 1887, Mr. Hutchinson, Catterick, bought four heifers
from the herd, and one of them belonged to this grand strain.
Roan Ladies and Red Ladies

Another cow bought from Mr. XVhitehead, Little Methlick, was Roan Lady,
calved in May, 1855, and got by a son of Young Ury 10,984. She was from
Red Lady by Van Dunck 10,992, a prolific breeder; she left nine calves at
Uppermill, and her daughter Red Lady to Heir of Englishman gave birth
to a very pretty heifer named English Lady, which was sold in 1873 to Mr.
Armstrong, Canada, for 100 gs., and in the Dominion she had a distinguished
showyard career. A full sister of Mr. Armstrongs purchase, Red Lady 2nd,
was the dam of a remarkably fine yearling heifer by Young Englishman (a son
of Heir of Englishman), which Messrs. J. and J. Smith, Canada, purchased
in 1875. After she went to Canada she was selected for showing, and made
a considerable reputation. This family was held in great estimation at
Uppermill. Breeding very true to type, they were also great milkers. Red
Lady 2nd was for some time the matron in the herd, and the only direct
representive that remained of Heir of Englishman. She was a most valuable
breeder and made an indelible impression. Her daughter, Roan Lady 5th
by Cherub 4th, was one of the best cows in the herd, having a remarkable
combination of quality, substance, and shapes, with a perfect cover of flesh.
For true feminine character and style, Roan Lady i ith from Roan Lady 5th,
was difficult to surpass. She was dam of a magnificent bull, Rising Star by
William of Orange, purchased by Mr. Duthie, Collyine.
Claras
The Claras came to Uppermill from Shethin, Clara ioth by Speculator
13,775, being the first purchase. She was calved in 1858, and must have
been a prolific breeder, for between i86i and 1867 she left as many as ten
calves in the herd. Her bull calves were in good repute in the district, mak-
ing good prices, and the celebrity of the family was kept up in succeeding
generations. Of this strain there were several grand breeding cows in the
herd.
Missies
There was no family held in higher estimation at Upper- mill than the
Missies. It was the individual merit of the foundress of the tribe which fas-
cinated Mr. Marr at the dispersion sale of the late Mr. Morison, Montcoffer,
Banif. At this sale Mr. Marr saw nothing to please him except Missie by
Albion, a son of Duke 3rd 17697, a Gordon Castle bull. Missie was bred
by Mr. Hunter, Dipple, being out of Countess by The Pacha 7612, which
11.6. UPPERMILL 405
he had purchased at the Ury dispersion. The excellence of Mr. Marrs
original purchase was transmitted in a wonderful way to her descendants.
At first it did not seem as if this transaction was to be so fortunate as the
late history of the tribe proved it to be, as they were slow breeders, and for
a generation or so one or two calves each were all they had to show to their
credit. Missie 3rd calved in 1859, and mated with Clarendon 14,280, bred
two bulls and two heifers, and it was from these two heifers that the suc-
ceeding generations sprang. Missie 22nd, a granddaughter of Missie 3rd and
got by Merry Butterfly 24,586, gave a fillip to the family, and between 1870
and 1877 she dropped eight calves. Several of these were of great merit,
especially those got by Heir of Englishman, and one of them named Living-
stone, which was purchased by Mr. Murray, Faichfolds, was bought back
again at a long price to be used as a stock bull. American visitors very
soon had their attention drawn to the Missies, and took away a number of
them at long prices, while specimens were very successfully exhibited at the
leading shows in Scotland. Nearly a third of the herd in i888 was descended
from the Montcoffer purchase, and this third, it need hardly be said, com-
prised some of the very finest animals at IJppermill. Missie 35th by Prince
of Stokesley was sold to Mr. Smith for America, and her two daughters
followed her to that country, one being bought for Illinois for 130 gs. Mr.
Armstrong purchased Missie 46th by Young Englishman. Lord Polwarth
bought Missie 19th by Pretender 29,579 for 8o gs. Mr. Duthie secured a
fine bull of the family, and Mr. Hutchinson bought a heifer. Some splendid
animals of this tribe by Athabasca and William of Orange were in the herd.
Mauds
Mr. Marr attended the sale of the herd of Mr. Thomas Chrisp, at Hawkhill,
Northumberland, in 1857, and purchased five cows. The chief result of these
purchases was the foundation of the Maud family. Mr. Marc paid 90
gs. for a red four-year-old cow of that name, got by Manfred 11,767, the
second prize aged bull at Paris in 1855. When Maud came to Uppermill she
was in calf by Hawksworth, a son of Refiner 10,695, which was sold from
Hawkhill to Australia at 200 gs. The produce was a bull, which was sold.
Subsequently Maud bred four bulls and two heifer calves. The Mauds did
not form a large family, but they were a profitable goad class of cattle and
excellent milkers.
Marigolds
The Marigolds were descended from Marigold, a red-and- white cow calved in
i8 6, got by Rubens 13,641, and purchased from Mr. Morison of Mountblairy.
A useful class of cattle were those whose origin traced to Alexandrine, a red
cow got by Alaric 21,155, dam Alice by Somerset 10,858, which came from
Mountblairy. One of three heifers she dropped between 1864 and 1867,
namely Alexandrina 3rd, was bought for Lord Polwarths herd for 8o gs.
Alexandrina 6th, a granddaughter of the old cow, was purchased by Mr.
Thompson, Canada, for j8o in 1874, and two Alexandrina bull-calves of
great promise went to Mr. Luther Adams. Gay Monarch, a champion show
bull in the United States, was by this tribe.
Goldies
Only a small family were the Goldies, which sprang from Goldie, a red cow
calved in 1858, bred by Messrs. Smith and Co., Hillhead of Nairn, and got
by Goldsmith 14,632, but they proved themselves to be of great individual
merit. The foundress of the tribe left two heifers and two bull calves at
Uppermill, and having ceased to breed she was put in training for the fat
stock shows, and was first at Aberdeen and second at Newcastle in i866.
In 1869 to Heir of Englishman Goldie 9th dropped a heifer calf, which was
named Goldie 17th, and which in 1875 passed into the hands of Mr. James
McWilliam, Stoneytown, the price being (64. At Stoneytown Goldie 17th
founded a family of admitted excellence, which have at the northern shows
for a number of years carried off many of the leading prizes.
Princess Royals
The Princess Royal blood, which was introduced through Princess Royal
11th calved in i868 and got by King of the Isles 13,506, a cow that came
from Balquharn, gave splendid results at Uppermill. She arrived with a
bull calf at foot that was afterwards named Gladstone 31,253, a magnificent
young bull that xvas sold to a breeder in New South Wales for 140 gs.
Princess Royal 25th went to Mr. Adams, America.
Emmas
One of the youngest tribes, but not the least meritorious traced back to
Emma 2nd, bought as a yearling from Mrs. Turnbull, Brucktor, in 1871.
She bred twelve calves at Uppermill, one of these being the bull Earl of
Mar 27,815, bought for 200 gs. by Messrs. Green, Innerkip, and exhibited
with marked success in Canada. Mr. Marr won second prize with Emma
3rd by Young Englishman at the Highland Societys Show at Glasgow. She
was bought by Messrs. Smith for exportation to Canada, the price being
130 gs., and there produced the remarkable twin heifers of American show
yard fame, which were at one time so noted as Potts Emmas. Emma 4th,
another daughter of Emma 2nd, was first at the Highland Societys Show as
a yearling at Aberdeen, 1876. The tribe was well known for constitutional
vigour and wealth of flesh.
11.6. UPPERMILL 407
Blythesomes
The Blythesomes were of the Sittyton Butterfly strain, the Sweetbriars from
the Gordon Castle Lustres, and the Floras from Cairnbrogie.
Nectars
The N ectars produced a few favourites in the showyard. The first of the
name was calved in May 1855 and was bred by Mr. Morison of Mountblairy.
The purchase of a red cow named Patience proved a very good investment.
She was bred as early as 1846 by Mr. Harvey, Tillygreig, and passed at his
dispersion to Little Methlick, from which she was bought for Uppermill. A
bull of this strain was sold in Australia for 210 gs.
Beauties and other families

The Beauty family came from Beauty 2nd by Sir Arthur 12,072, calved in
1852, and bought at Little Methlic. Other families were from the Princess
Royal strain from Shethin, Lady Emily, bought at Waulkmill in 1864, Myr-
tles from Cairnbeg, etc.
11.6.2 Sires used

Like all breeders who have attained to special eminence, Mr. Marr was very
particular about the sires used in his herd; they had not only to please him
in respect to their descent, but had to come up to his standard of indi-
vidual merit, which was probably higher pitched than that of most people.
Among the sires which may be specially mentioned were the following :Sir
Hubert 18,844, bred by and purchased from Mr. Douglas, Athelstaneford,
first prize winner at the Highland Societys Show in i86i ; Master Gunner
22,317, bred by Messrs. Smith and Co.; Young Pacha 20,457, bred by Mr. S.
Campbell, Kinellar; Lord Lyon 22,173, a Sittyton bull; Prince Louis 27,158,
from Kinellar, a remarkably good stock getter; Lord of Lorne 18,258, and
Clarendon 14,280, both from Shethin; Gold Digger 24,044, and his son Gold-
smith of Uppermill breeding, and Lord Privy Seal 16)444, bred by the late
Prince Consort.
Heir of Englishman
The above mentioned were all bulls of undeniable merit before the appear-
ance of Heir of Englishman 24,122, who was to Mr. Marrs herd what Cham-
pion of England was to Mr. Cruickshanks. Bred by Mr. G. R. Barclay,
Keavil, his dam being Seraphina 13th and his sire John OGaunt 16,322,
Heir of Englishman struck Mr. Marrs fancy at one of the earlier shows
at which he was exhibited, but his owner putting a prohibitory price on
himnamely, 1000 gs. the Aberdeenshire breeder, anxious as he was to get

him, could not afford to strike a bargain. He kept him in his eye, however,
until, to his great satisfaction, he obtained possession of the bull, which
came to Uppermill as a four- year-old at the dispersion of the Keavil herd
in 1869, at the very moderate price of 100 gs. He had a very distinguished
career in the show yard, and was an animal of much style and character,
with great length of quarter, broad back, and was well filled in his girth.
He had a grand expression of countenance, his eye, as some one remarked,
being worth a hundred guineas. He produced the very best results in the
herd; indeed to him Mr. Marr attributed most of the late success of his
Shorthorns. As a heifer-getter he was almost unequalled, and possessing a
fine constitution he seems to have imparted his robustness to the succeeding
generations that were bred and reared at Uppermill. He continued in the
herd until he was eleven years old, when he had to be slaughtered.
He was succeeded by several of his sonsYoung English-. man 31,113,
Livingstone 34465, and Merry Englishman 34,841, all sprang from the Missie
tribe, and the first, a wTonderfully thick bull, girthing at two years old 8
feet 2 ins., a celebrated prize winner and cup bull at Aberdeen. He was sire
of several of the best lots that went to America. Royal Prince 35,398 by
K.G.B. 26,492 was also used in the herd, and was considered to be a bull of
no ordinary merit. He was out of a cow, Princess Royal 9th, which Mr. Marr
got in exchange for a Nonpareil from Mr. Whyte, then of Clinterty. Cherub
4th 33,359, bred by Lord Sudeley, his dam being Booths Seraphina, which
was a prize winner as a yearling at the Highland Societys Show at Edinburgh,
was purchased by Mr. Marr for 200 gs. He gave great promise as a stock
getter, his bull calves averaging over 40 gs., but he died after serving only
one season. Mr. lVlarr regretted having parted with the bull Gladstone,
out of Princess Royal I Ith, and by King of the Isles, which came as a calf
at his dams foot when she was purchased from Mr. Wilson, Balqu- ham. It
has been mentioned that he was sold to go to Australia for 140 gs., and he
served only one or two cows at Uppermill, but his calves were excellent, one
of them being Mr. Duthies famous light roan cow Countess, which was the
dam of the bull Cupbearer 52,6 2, that made his mark in American show
yards. The Emma bull Elocutionist 47832 by Bentinck 42,787, a son of Heir
of Englishman, was in use, and got good stock.
Sittyton sires used

Athabasca 47,359, a white from the Sittyton herd, was very successfully
used, and was a great stock getter. He xvas by the prize hull Pride of the
Isles 35,072, of the Brawith Bud tribe, out of Azalea by Gesar Augustus
25,704, dam of Field Marshal 47,870, used so successfully in the Royal herd
at Windsor.
Athabasca was bought in 1881 and used at Uppermill for seven years
11.6. UPPERMILL 409
with much success. His young bulls were in active demand, and his heifers
were as a rule of superior type. From that time numerous Cruickshank
bulls were used. Athabasca was succeeded by Lord Lavender 54,616 by
Cumberland out of Lavender I 5th. The celebrated William of Orange 50,694
was bought at Sittyton as a calf in 1883. He was a red sired by Roan
Gauntlet 35,284 out of Orange Blossom 21st, by Caesar Augustus, and he
was kept in service at Uppermill until he was twelve years old. He was a
most successful sire, possessing splendid constitution; he had a wide and
well-covered back and rare quality. His progeny were well above the average
in merit. Noted sons of his were Gay Monarch and Master of the Mint,
Mountaineer, and also the dam of Marengo. After William of Orange came
Sea King 61,769, bred at Sittyton, and purchased at the Collynie sale in 1890;
he was a good dark roan of the Spicy family, sired by Gondomar 55,821, out
of Sea Foam by Gondolier 52,956, tracing to Silvery by Champion of England
Dauntless 54,155, Captain of the Guard 58,596, and Wanderer 60,138, the
last named being sire of the 330 gs. bull Champion, sold to Mr. Duthie.
Wanderer remained in service until 1899 at eleven years old. Wanderer was
by Commodore 54,118 dam Godiva by Cumberland.
After these Sittyton bulls a number of sires were got from Bapton Manor,
including Bapton Czar 66,647, Bapton Diamond 78,289, and his two sons
Royal Diamond and Bapton Sapphire, Bapton Conqueror 73,981, and Bap-
ton Glory 76,081. Baron Beaufort and Lovat Star 77,131 were also used in
the herd. In the last years of the history of the herd the chief sires were
Bapton Favourite 76,080, a Crocus by Bapton Emigrant (he made 1200 gs.
at the dispersion on October I th, 1904, and is now in the Collynie herd),
and Bapton Tyrant 85,245, another Crocus by Cornelian 80,757.
Sales of young bulls were commenced in 1858, and for many years from
1859 were held annually at Uppermill. Hundreds of young bulls were sold,
and it is needless to say that these effected great improvement on the cattle
of the country.
From 1897 the prices for the young bulls annually sold from the herd
steadily increased. In that year the average was 44 i5s., highest price 85 gs.
In 1898 the average was 76 4s. 2d. for nineteen, the highest price being 330
gs. for Scottish Champion by Wanderer. Still higher prices were reached in
1899, when sixteen averaged Li i6 i8s. iod. per head, the top figure being
270 gs. for Royal Fame. The average in 1900 was 126 3S. 2d. for thirteen,
highest price 230 gs. for S,picy Marquis; in 1901 the average was 119 17s.
2d. for nineteen, highest price 310 gs. for Re- publican; in 1903 118 is. for
fifteen, highest price 320 gs. for Royal Diamond; in 1903 211 19S. 4d. for
eight, highest price 6oo gs. for Imperial Favourite.
11.6.3 Dispersion of the herd

After the death of Mr. Marr, which took place in 1898, aged eighty-seven
years, he was succeeded by his son (Mr. W. S. Marr), who maintained and
even increased the celebrity of the herd. He died in June, 1904, in his forty-
third year, much to the regret of breeders throughout the country. The sale
of the herd, by Messrs. Macdonald, Fraser and Co., took place in October
of that year, when one hundred and thirteen head averaged 156 5S. 4d.
The bull Bapton Favourite 76,080 bred by Mr. J. Deane Willis had been
successfully used and was included in the sale, being purchased by Mr. G.
Rodger for 1200 gs. Two young bull calves realized 620 gs. and 6oo gs.,
both being bought by Mr. Rodger. The best prices for the cows and heifers
were 400 gs., 350 gs., 330 gs., 310 gs., 300 gs. The averages for the tribes
were :Twenty-two Princess Royals, 162 175. 9d. eighteen Missies, i66 145.
4d.; five Claras, 175 19s. 7d.; eleven Blithesomes, 150 6s. iod.; fifteen Roan
Ladys, 98 55. 7d.; and six Emmas, 80 6s. 6d.
Mr. John Marr, formerly of Cairnbrogie, now occupies the farm of Up-
permill, and has a valuable herd of Shorthorns.
11.7 Mr. Grant, Duff.

Mr. J. C. Grant Dufg proprietor of the estate of Eden, had for some time a
very select herd of Shorthorns, which he collected at considerable expense,
and bred with great care for a period of about fifteen yearsfrom 1839 to
1854. Mr. Grant (for that was his original name) had spent his youth in the
East India Companys service, and returned to this country in 1823, being
then thirty-four years of age, after an active and distinguished career in the
Bombay Presidency. Eden is a small estate lying on the banks of the River
Deveron in the north-west part of Aberdeenshire, and it was on succeeding
to the possession of it that Mr. Grant assumed the name of Duff.
The zeal and energy he had formerly displayed in the hot Mahratta
country was now set to work in the cooler and more temperate clime of his
native land, and his active spirit not being satisfied with improving the soil
and buildings of his estate, found further scope in dealing with the live stock
of the district. Captain Barclays example encouraged him to make a trial
of the Shorthorns in a locality further north than any in which they had
yet taken root, and he spared neither time, trouble, nor expense in getting
animals of the very best sort for his purpose. Some of his first cows came
from Mr. Chrisp, of Doddington, in Northumberland, and along with them
a bull called The Peer 5455, bred by Mr. Crof ton. Others were got from
the Earl of Carlisle and Mr. Benjamin Wilson, of Brawith. About this time
Mr. Grant Duff seems to have made the acquaintance of Thomas Bates,
and to have been impressed with the lectures he got from that oracle of
Shorthorns on purity of blood and pedigree. The Duchess tribe, were they
11.7. MR. GRANT, DUFF. 411
not the best in the worldin fact, the only real Shorthorns, free from every
stain of Scotch or Galloway blood, going right back without the slightest flaw
from Favourite to Hubback wjthout the intervention of any inferior cross,
and bred for untold generations before that by Dukes of Northumberland?
No other breeder had now this pure elixir but himself. Did not Charles
Coiling say that his first Duchess was the best cow he ever had or ever saw,
and that he never could breed so good a one from her proof positive that
she was perfection itseW or as near it as the frailty of cow nature would
permit? All this Mr. Bates preached with a liveliness and enthusiasm that
were catching. The laird of Eden, having discovered this treasure hidden
at Kirklevington, resolved to go and buy it, and proceeded to treat for the
purchase of one of these famous Duchesses. Mr. Bates, however, had his
crotchets; he was a man of independent means; the Duchesses seem never
to have been a plentiful crop at Kirklevington or elsewhere, and although
he might, as a favour, and from motives of pure benevolence, sell one to
an American, he was not disposed to part with any females of the tribe
to breeders in this country, at any rate not at that particular time, The
negotiations, however, ended in the purchase of a bull called Holkar 4041,
then four years old, got by Belvedere out of a cow having two crosses by
Second Hubback, but not one of the Duchess tribe. Holkar, nevertheless,
was a very fine animal, of a deep red colour with a few white patches, and
did credit to his breeder, and also to his sire, Belvedere, whose blood, by the
way, was probably better than even that of the Duchesses. Unfortu- nately,
Holkar did not prove very long useful at Eden, having, from a structural
defect, become unable to serve, but he left some excellent stock. He came
in May, 1840, and cost 162.
In 1843 another Bates bull was got on hire, viz. Second Duke of Northum-
berland 3646. He is stated in the Herd Book to be got by Belvedere out
of Duchess 34th, and therefore full brother to First Duke of Northumber-
land, which Mr. Bates seems to have considered the finest animal he ever
bred, and one of the purest and best blood. Second Duke, however, had a
black nose, it is said, and bad hair, characters not to have been expected
from such distinguished breeding. The nose is an important feature of the
countenance. Darwin tells us he very nearly lost his appointment as nat-
uralist to the ship Beagle because Admiral Fitzroy thought his nose was
not of the proper type. Black noses in Short- horns are looked upon with
disfavour, not to say suspicion, and judges shake their heads at them. Mr.
Bates on one occasion bought a cow for a Mr. Rhodes. This cow produced
a calf with a black nose, which untoward event, Mr. Bates tells their mutual
friend, Mr. Whitaker, surprised him not a little, and hurt his feelings much.
Do write, he says, and keep up his spirits, and tell him, if he is not quite
disheartened, and will trust me again to choose for him, I will keep looking
out for another cow, which I hope will be more fortunate, and never bring
a black-nosed calf. To The Earl she will never breed a black-nosed calf if I
have any judgment whatever of cattle. In course of time the cow in question
had a second calf to the Bates bull Enchanter 244, and the joyful owner
hastens at once to announce to Mr. Bates that it has the nose correct. All
this shows the great importance of this feature to the Shorthorn breeder,
and what a portentous phenomenon a black nose must have been in such
a pure aristocrat as Second Duke of Northumberland, for if The Earl 646
wouldnt get a black-nosed calf out of an ordinary Shorthorn cow, then dfori-
iori Belvedere should not have got one out of a prima doniza like Duchess
34th. Mr. Bates had once offered Duchess 34th, when a heifer, to an Amer-
ican breeder for oo, but a few years after he wrote the same man saying:
If you were to send me twenty times that sum for her, and her produce, I
would not take it now. Duchess 34th, in fact, was considered the gem of the
Kirklevington herd, and beat Mr. Booths Necklace at the York Show. Pos-
sibly one reason why Second Duke was sent to the North of Scotland was to
hide his unfashionable nose there. The moral of the whole seems to be that
black noses will crop up at times in the herds of even the most precautious
breeders. The sire of Foljambe had one, and yet Mr. Charles Colling said to
Coates, Ay, ay, George; Foljambe did me the most good. Second Duke had
not only an improper nose, but also a bit of a temper. He had been on hire
with Captain Barclay for a year, and whether it was that he thought him-
self too far north already, or whether it was owing to the inward depravity
of his nature, I do not know, but tradition says that strong measures were
necessary in order to get him sent on his way to Eden. There he remained
two seasons, and afterwards returned to England. Although of more select
blood than Holkar, he was not o fine an animal, and did not leave such
a reputation. Two good bulls, however, owned him for sireviz. Duplicate
Duke 6952 and Dannecker 7949. The former, after being used some time
at Eden, was sold to Mr. Jopp, of Boddam, while Dannecker went to Mr.
Longmore, of Rettie, and afterwards to Mr. Whitehead, of Little Methlick.
In 1845 an agent was again despatched to England in quest of a bull, and
the experience of Second Duke having been apparently rather unsatisfactory,
the deputy on this occasion was instructed to go, in the first place at least,
to the rival house of Booth. The fame of Necklace and Bracelet had reached
Mr. Grant Duff and he thought he might get what he wanted at Killerby.
There the ambassador was offered a hire of Buckingham 3239, then five years
old, and had he but known the value of that animal as a sire, he might have
considered himself lucky in getting him; but, like Mr. Chaloner, he couldnt
see it. Buckingham didnt appear good enough. His chest, it seems, was not
quite the thingnot so full as it should beand Mr. Grant Duff had strictly
enjoined his deputy that a good chest must be a sine qud non. So the sire
of Charity, Vanguard, and Hopewell was rejected, and the ambassador left
Killerby, and wended his way to Kirk- levington. There he recounted his
adventures to Mr. Bates, and was rebuked by the prophet for his backsliding.
The Booths had nothing but a set of ill-bred creatures. That he should think
11.7. MR. GRANT, DUFF. 413
of going there for a bull surprised him, and so on.Accordingly, the voice of
the charmer prevailed, ancj Duke of Richmond 7996 was taken on hire. lie
was out of a real Duchess, Duchess 50th, his sire being Second Cleveland
Lad 3408. Duke of Richmond seems to have done fairly well at Eden, and
some good animals were got by him, but he was not thought so much of as
Holkar.
Other two bulls of Bates blood were also used at Eden for a time, viz.
Young Fourth Duke 9037, and Eleventh Duke of York 11,399. Both were
bred by Mr. G. D. Trotter, of Bishop Middleham, near Darlington. It
will be seen, therefore, that the herd was very strongly impregnated with
Kirklevington blood, and Mr. Grant Duff was all along much guided by the
advice of Mr. Bates in regard to the selection of his animals. No Booth
bulls seem to have been used, but there was a notable animal, got in 1841,
from Mr. Wilson, of Brawith, called Robin o Day 4973, perhaps a better
sire than any, unless it were Holkar. Robin was red and white, got by Mr.
Wileys bull Carcase 3285 out of a fine cow by Sir Walter 2639. After serving
two years at Eden, he went to Mr. Knox, of North Ythsie, who, although
he did not keep a pure herd, was yet well known in his day for the toppers
he used to breed in the shape of both bullocks and cows.
So much for the bulls used at Eden. The herd matrons were drawn from a
wider circle. Some of the first, as I have mentioned, came from Mr. Chrisp,
of Doddington, and the Earl of Carlisle; others were procured from Lord
Spencer and Mr. Cartwright, of Aynhoe. Several came from Mr. Wilson,
of Brawith. Amongst the latter was a notable animal called Brawith Bud,
which cost Mr. Grant Duff i6o gs. She was bought at the Brawith sale in
1841, and was the highest- priced animal at it. The opposing bidders were
Mr. Maynard and Mr. John Booth, of Killerby, both good judges, who
knew what they were about. The Bud proved a lucky purchase, and was
to the Eden herd much what Lady Sarah was to that of Ury. She bred on
to her eighteenth year, her owner tells us, and never was unwell. As it is
through the blood of this animal that the influence of the Eden herd is now
most felt in the herds of the present day, I may give a few more particulars
regarding her. Her portrait is in the fourth volume of the Herd Book. She
was a well-bred Shorthorn, of a red colour, and descended on the dams side
from the stock of Major Rudd. Like the dam of Robin o Day, she had for
sire a red bull of Mr. Croftons breeding, called Sir Walter 2639, got by
Masons Miracle 2320, who was a son of Monarch 2324. The dam of Brawith
Bud was got by the Booth bull Young Jerry 8i77, while her granddam and
great-granddam were both by Major Rudds Roseberry 567. Two of the
Buds female descendants, viz. Second Mint and Pure Gold, were acquired
for Sittyton. Both were long-lived animals, and left a numerous progeny.
In the latter days of the Cruickshank herd this was one of the strongest
and best breeding families in it, numbering such fine matrons as Garnish,
Gilliver, Godiva, and Glowworm, etc., the last mentioned being a beautiful
red cow, the dam of the fine sire Roan Robin 57,992, used in the herd of
Mr. Willis, of Bapton Manor.
Public sales of stock were held at Eden at intervals from 1841 to 1852,
at which not only bull-calves, but also cows and heifers, were disposed of,
and in this way, as well as by private bargain, many animals of excellent
breeding were disseminated through the northern counties. In 1854 the
whole remaining herd was finally dispersed, Mr. Grant Duff having resolved
to let his farm. Mr. Strafford, who was then editor of the Herd Book,
officiated as auctioneer, and there was a good gathering of breeders, not only
from the adjoining counties, but also from a distance, some from England
and Ireland. Ihe highest price was for Jenny Lind, a daughter of Brawith
Bud by Duke of Richmond, which went at 100 gs. to Mr. Tanqueray. Pure
Gold, another of the same family, cost Mr. Cruickshank 91 gs. One or two
others went as high as 90 gs. and 95 gs. Among those who made purchases
were Messrs. Torr, of Aylesby; Cartwright, of Aynhoe; J. G. Grove, of Castle
Grove; and Longmore, of Rettie.
Mr. Grant Duff, as I have said, spent his youth in Hindostan, and
some of the names he gave his animals had a strong East Indian flavour,
such as Poonah, Khirkhee, Rajah, Chaub Beebee, the Star Pagoda, etc. In
addition to his Shorthorns, he bred some beautiful crosses from West High-
land heifers, of which he had choice specimens got from the herd of Mr.
Charles Stewart, of Chesthill, in Glenlyon. The calves from these by his
Shorthorn bulls were superior to anything he had, not excepting even the
pure Shorthorns.
It will have been seen from the foregoing observations that Mr. Grant
Duff introduced into the north of Scotland many animals of very select
blood, drawing them from some of the best herds in England; but I doubt
if he had anything better, or even so good, as Masons Lady Sarah, which
went to IJry. Mr. Amos Cruickshank wrote me as follows in reference to the
account of the Ury herd: Thy description of Barclay is a thorough likeness
of the man. I question if ever there was a better breed of Shorthorns, either
in England, Scotland, or anywhere else, than the Lady Sarah tribe. With
this emphatic dictum I shall conclude.
I think the subjoined letter from Amos Cruickshank, in reference to the
foregoing article on Grant Duff, would be interesting to your readers and
worth insertion. It will be seen that this letter was written four years after
the Sittyton herd had been sold.
Sittyton, 4. 12. 1893.
Dear Sir,
I am much obliged for the very interesting account of Grant

Duffs Shorthorns. He was a very energetic man in that line as
long as it lasted. I remember the animals mentioned quite well.
11.8. MR. HAY OF SHETHIN 415
Brawith Bud was thought a wonder when she came to Eden. She
had extra rumps; behind the hooks she was as flat as a table,
but before the hooks the ribs were flat and thin made. Taking a
side view she was a grand- looking cowRobin o Day was also a
stylish-looking bull, but he was also rather flat made. 2n4 Duke
of Northumber- land was anything but a good bull, except that
he was straight above and below. He had a jet black nose, his
hair was hard and wiry, and a black red colour ; his horns were
long and very thick. Holkar was quite a different animal in every
respect, all was goodness as well as in the stock he left. It would
have been interesting to have had an account of thy own Short-
horns. My stock is chiefly cattle for the butcher and some Shrop.
sheep, but neither are leaving much for their keep sometimes.
With best wishes, I am very sincerely,
(Signed)Amos Cruickshank.
My health continues good.
11.8 Mr. Hay of Shethin

William Hay, tenant of the farm of Shethin, was a man well known in his
day to all the farming community in the north-eastern parts of Scotland.
Like William McCombie, he was in the earlier part of his career more of a
grazier and feeder of cattle than a breeder. He shipped many beasts to the
London market, and was the first to send them thither by rail. Before his
time, most of the north-country cattle went south in droves, to be fattened
in England and the Lothians, but Mr. Hay was one of those who introduced
a proper system of feeding them at home before sending them south. He was
also the first Aberdonian to enter the lists and take a prize at the Christmas
Show of the Smithfield Club in London.
Shethin is one of the many fine farms on Lord Aberdeens estate. It
lies in the valley of the Ythan, near the quiet rural village of Tarves, about
eighteen miles north-north-west of Aberdeen. Tarves is the name not only of
the village, but of the parish, which has long been a nursery of Shorthorns.
In it we find a whole cluster of farms, which are, or have been, noted for
their fine herdsCollynie, Uppermill, Tillycairn, Little Methlick, Cairnbrogie,
Keithfield, etc. The surface of the country is neither mountainous nor flat,
but abounds in gentle undulations and low, swelling heights, dotted with
many a farm homestead, and clothed here and there with patches of trees.
To the north lie the parks and plantations of Haddo House, the seat of the
Earl. There the summer winds murmur through long-stretching woods of
pine, whose dark masses lend a sombre dignity to the landscape. The soil
in the better parts is neither clay nor gravel, but of a good loamy nature,
well adapted for husbandry. A land it is, perhaps, not of milk and honey,
but of oats and turnips. Wheat is never seen, but the turnipsthe neeps, as
the natives call themthrive famously, and grow to great sizes, and seldom is
it that finger-and-toe, mildew, fly, or any of the other ills to which neep life
is liable, seriously interfere to mar the prospects of the husbandman. The
turnip in this region is, as philosophers would say, the dominant vegetable
of the period, and when neighbours meet in the leafy month of June the first
anxious inquiry perchance is not touching the welfare of spouse and family,
but Hoos your neeps doin?
Shethin is thought to have been the earliest home of the Shorthorn in
Aberdeenshire, for it was there that Alexander Hay, a brother of William,
dwelt, who, about the year 1828, brought from Phantassie the bull Jerry,
which, Mr. McCombie says, was the first Shorthorn that crossed the Dee.
Jerry was a white beast, and, being long-lived and prolific, did much to
spread the reputation of the breed, and left his mark on the black doddies
of the district. Mr. William Hay, who succeeded to the farm on the death
of his brother, was a finc- looking man, of medium height, well and stoutly
built, with a large, massy head, and a strong, ruddy, weatherbeaten counte-
nance. Much esteemed by friends and neighbours, there was no better judge
of stock in all the northern counties. The herd of Shorthorns he reared at
Shethin for individual excellence ranked as one of the best, if not the best,
of its time in Scotland, although probably little known to English breeders.
The foundation was laid by purchases from Barclay, of Ury. Mayflower by
Invalide 4076 came in calf to the Captains Monarch 4495. The produce was
a white bull, Billy 8888, who made his appearance in 1835, and was kept
for service. Meirose by Monarch 4495, another purchase from Ury, became
the dam of Mr. Hays bull Kelly 9264. Molly and Clara the 2nd, two fine
young cows, both by The Pacha 7612, were got at Barclays last sale in 1847.
From Molly sprang the family of Mysies at Shethin, and from the other
the Claras. Wanton and Vesta, both by Parkinsons bull Leander 4199, were
bred by Robert Smith, of Burley, near Oakham. The first of these originated
a family of Wantons, while Vesta was the progenitor of the Venuses and
Princess Royals. Marion by Anthony 640, and Margery by Bagdad 3075,
both came from Mr. Lovell, of Edgcott, and, I believe, were selected for Mr.
Hay by Mr. Guerrier, the well-known cattle salesman in London. Marion
proved a most valuable addition to the herd, and was probably the best of
the importations from England. Anthony was not only her sire, but also
the sire of her dam, Miranda. He was bred by Mr. Chas. Arbuthnot, and
there is a good portrait of him in the Herd Book, taken when he was fifteen
years old. This Marion was dam of Mr. Hays bull, Kelly 2nd 9265, one
of his best, and from her also sprang the Shethin Lovelies, some of which
afterwards went to Sittyton, and founded there a family that produced the
bulls Scotlands Pride 25,100, Lord Lancaster 26,666, and Lord Lansdown
29,128. Sister Ann by Lord Althorps bull Archibald 1652, was got from Mr.
11.8. MR. HAY OF SHETHIN 417
Grey, of Millfield, and became the dam of Mr. Hays bull Favourite 91 i6,
another of his best. Bright-eyes also was a cow bred by Mr. Grey. Kate,
from whom descended the family of Koras, was bred by Mr. Simpson, Mains
of Pitfour, but traces back to the Ury herd. Lady Ann by Buchan Laddie
5814 was another of Mr. Simpsons breeding, and so was Scotlands Queen by
Fitz Adolphus Fairfax 9124. She was one of the finest cows at Shethin, and
was a descendant of Broadhooks, dam of the noted bull Buchan Hero 3238.
Rosemary was a cow bred by Mr. Hutton, of Gate Burton, from whom also
came the bull Consul 7924, which was in service at Shethin in 1846, but
does not seem to have been much used. Waterloo I 3th was bought at the
dispersion of Mr. Thos. Bates herd in i85o, and was one of the highest
priced of that family at the sale. Jessamine, granddam of Hays bull The
Hero 10,934, was a roan cow, calved in 1842, and bred by Mr. Spearman, of
Newton Hall, Durham. Mr. Hays name does not appear in the Herd Book
until Volume VIII., which was issued in 1848, and he seems not to have
begun registering any of his animals until then. He was not a bookish man,
and, I believe, paid little attention to the Herd Book.
The bulls chiefly used by Mr. Hay were, first and foremost, Billy 8888,
which I have already mentioned; then, after him, his son Kelly 9264, whose
dam, Meirose, was also by Barclays Monarch 4495. Kelly, therefore, had a
double dose of Monarch, who was his grandsire on both sides. After Kelly
came Kellys son Favourite 91 i6, out of Sister Ann; and to him succeeded
Favourites son Kelly 2nd 9265, out of Mr. Lovells cow Marion, and he again
was followed by his son The Hero 10,934, whose dam was Jessamine 2nd by
Robin o Day 4973. Here, then, we have a regular succession of five sires,
all homebred, in a direct male line from Billy, of the Ury blood, but each
one out of a new family on the dams side, and their use covering a period
of about sixteen years. This appears to have answered very well. Mr. Hay
seems also to have had the occasional service of the good bull Robin o Day
4973 bred by Mr. Wilson, of Brawith, when that animal belonged to his
next-door neighbour, Mr. Knox, of North Ythsie.
The herd had now attained a very high degree of excellence, owing
mainly, no doubt, to the good judgment of its owner, and his great skill in
selecting the animals from which to breed. The cows he bought at Ury in
1847 were amongst the best of Captain Barclays stock, but Mr. Longmore,
of Rettie, had also picked out a few capital ones, among them Rosamond, the
highest-priced animal at the sale. Molly cost 71 gs., and Rosamond 73 gs.
On their way home the two breeders encountered each other at Aberdeen.
Gey prices yon, Rettie ? says Hay. Ay, man, yon is prices; we wouldna be
able to pay yon lang, was the rejoinder. Wee], Rettie, if you like Ill relieve
you o a your purchases. Na, na, said Mr. Longmore; I bocht them, and Ill
just keep them.
In 1850 a new departure was made, and Grand Duke 10,284, was bought
for 205 gs. at the dispersion of Thomas Bates herd, being the highest-priced
animal in it. The two brothers Cruickshank from Sittyton were also present
on that occasion, and bought a Waterloo cow. Before the sale began there
was some talk among the three Aber- donians of joining to buy 4th Duke of
York, which Mr. Amos Cruickshank thought much the best bull at the sale,
but the project somehow fell through, and when he made his appearance
Lord Ducie struck in at once with a bid of 200 gs. This proved a choker; there
was silence round the ring, and the noble-looking animal was allowed to go to
Tortworth without opposition. Grand Duke was a lengthy beast, with rather
more leg than the Aberdonians like, and had also a rather dangerous temper.
His stock at Shethin did not come quite up to expectations. No doubt these
expectations were pitched high, owing to the celebrity of the herd he came
from, and also the price he cost; still, some good judges thought he effected
no improvement on the herd, and, after serving two seasons, Mr. Hay, I
believe, was quite satisfied to hand him over to Mr. Bolden at cost price.
Nevertheless, Grand Duke was thought to have done remarkably well with
Mr. Bolden, who afterwards sold him for 1000 gs. Whether this was owing
to a different standard of taste with the two breeders, or whether it was
owing to the Bates blood not amalgamating so well with that of Shethin, I
am unable to say. Red Knight 11,967, bred by Mr. John Booth, of Killerby,
was next tried. He was first as a two- year-old at the Royal Agricultural
Societys Show in England in 1852, and first as an aged bull at Aberdeen
in 1854. He was a better-looking animal than Grand Duke, and was also
better liked as a sire. He was a shorter, thicker, better- fleshed bull, not so
high on the leg. In 1850 he was sent to the Paris Exhibition, and, having
caught foot-and-mouth disease, was ordered to be slaughtered in London on
his way back. His loss, I am told, was much regretted.
Mr. Hay died in 1854, and the herd and farm passed into the hands of
his son-in-law, Mr. Shepherd, who also went to England in search of bulls.
Bosquet 14,183, of Sir Charles Knightleys breeding, was got in i856, and
Cherry Duke the 2nd 14,265 from Mr. Bolden in 1858. The latter was a
very fine-looking animal, of a red colour, invincible in the show- yard; but,
good as he was to look at, he proved very unsatisfactory as a sire. Not
that there was any lack of calves after him; in fact, there were too manythey
were not of a good sort. Instead of doing good, he did mischief. The
Shethin herd was thought to have been at its best before the introduction of
these English bulls, and had attained, as I have said, a very high degree of
excellence. Probably, however, Mr. Hay had found some reason to desire
a change of blood in his bulls; but when a herd gets too finely and closely
bred it is a difficult thing to obtain a satisfactory remedy. New alliances
are often disappointing, and it seems quite a matter of chance whether the
new blood will nick well with the old or not. In fact, the chances are it will
not. There is a great uncertainty about the matter, and the best of judges
will be deceived. Sometimes it happens, as a Northern breeder remarked to
me, that Jist when you think y are a richt, you find you never was farther
11.9. THE KINELLAR HERD 419
wrang. An animal is got which you fancy is the very thing you want. He has
cost, perhaps, a lot of money; but, never mind, it will all come back. Fine
crops of calves are seen (in the minds eye, Horatio !)visions of trophies in the
show-yard, with a per- spective of purchasers from England and America
all rushing to get the plums he is to produce. Hope springs eternal in the
human breast, and it is well it is so. With some lucky dog the vision proves
truefor there are lucky dogsbut nine times in ten you are a deluded victim.
Perhaps no calves come at all, or they turn up with queer heads and horns,
bad coloursshabby beasts, not at all like those you saw in your dream. You
sigh to think what lovely visions yield their place to cold material laws,
and awaken at length to the uncomfortable conviction that, as my Northern
friend said, you never was farther wrang. When the animal has cost a great
price the owner is sometimes loth to admit he is a failure, and, instead of
at once sending him off, or knocking him on the head, as he ought to do,
goes on perhaps using him until the result becomes too glaring to be longer
denied.
On July 29, 1863, the Shethin herd was sold off. Twas Strafford raised
the sandglass, and Thornton held the pen. The lots numbered 134, and
consisted of 51 cows, 33 calves, 43 heifers, and 7 bulls. Among the cows and
heifers there were 9 Waterloos, 10 Lovelies, i6 Mysies, ii Claras, 8 descen-
dants from Wanton, i from Vesta, 7 Koras, and a few others. The buyers
were mostly from Aberdeenshire and the neighbouring counties, and descen-
dants from the above- named families may still be found in many northern
herds. During Mr. Hays life and afterwards, the bull calves were sold at
the farm, generally in March or October. High prices were obtained, the
average being sometimes over 40 gs. apiece, the tops reaching occasionally
to 70 gs. or more. As there were no American and few English buyers in
those days. and most of the animals went to the surrounding district, these
figures indicate a high degree of excellence under the circumstances. Several
of the Waterloos and Wild Eyes were bought by Lord Penrhyn, Sir Wilfrid
Lawson, and Mr. Saunders, Nunwick Hall. It will be seen from what I have
said how much the herd was indebted in the early part of its existence to
the Ury blood derived from Masons stock.
11.9 The Kinellar herd

An excellent herd of Shorthorns, well known to many American buyers, was
reared on the farm of Kinellar, about nine miles north-west of Aberdeen,
by the late Mr. Sylvester Campbell, who was tenant of that farm, and
cultivated the breed for a period of four-and-forty years. He made a very
modest start with two heifer calves, bought at Barclay of Urys sale in 1847,
one of them costing 20 gs., the other 9 gs., and left off with a fine and
valuable herd of a hundred head or more.
Kinellar lies in the valley of the Don, beside Kinaldie Station of the Great
North Railway. The house and steading occupy an eminence near the parish
church of the same name on the south side of the water, with a fine view of
the surrounding country. The scenery here is picturesque and beautiful.
The winding river, a fine salmon stream, is flanked by wooded heights, with
some handsome villas nestling here and there among the trees. At times
the valley narrows between rugged woody banks, and then widens out again
into broad fertile meadowshaughs, as we call them in Scotlandwhere the
fat sheep browse, and the cattle doze away their time in sleepy satisfaction
among the buttercups and clover; a sweet spot it is in the sunny days of
June, when the sky is without a cloud, and the skylarks are fluttering and
singing over the grassy fields. The farm lies among the banks and braes that
slope up from the river, and consists for the most part of good loamy soil,
laid off in square fields enclosed by massive stone dykes. There are a number
of fine farms all up and down the river-side in this quarter, and the Howe of
the Garioch, as the district is called, has long been reckoned one of the best
parts of Aberdeenshire. The two heifer calves from Ury were both got by
The Pacha 7612 (grandson of Masons Lady Sarah), and are entered in the
ninth volume of the Herd Book under the names of Isabella and Susannah.
The latter, which was the nine-guinea one, seems to have done no good,
but Isabella proved a capital investment, and from her descended a long
series of animals which were reckoned among the best of the Kinellar sort,
and latterly fell into two linesthe Clarets and the Uries. Another valuable
acquisition of similar blood was got from Mr. Whitehead, of Little Methlick,
in 1854. This was the cow Crocus. The granddam of Crocus was a heifer
called Likely, got by The Pacha, and bought by Whitehead at Barclays sale
in 1847. In 1857 a large, massive cow named Thalia was purchased from
Longmore, of Rettie. In i86o Nonpareil 24th by Lord Sackville was acquired
from Messrs. Cruickshank of Sittyton, and gave rise to a family of Non-
pareils, which produced many fine animals. The tribe came originally from
Mr. Cartwright, of Tathwell, on the Lincoln- shire wolds, with whom they
seem to have been a favourite sort. He had several of these Nonpareils, the
first of the race being his roan cow Nonpareil, got by his white bull Tathwell
Studley 5401. She bred on till she was seventeen years old, and had a good
deal of Comet blood in her. Rubyhill by Elphin stone 14,492, another of the
Kinellar herd matrons, was bred by the Messrs. Smith, Hillhead of Nairn.
Thessalonica by Duke of Clarence 9040 was from a cow, Jewess, belonging to
Mr. Harvey, of Tillygreig, from whom Campbell seems to have got her when
in-calf to the Duke of Clarence, which was a fine white bull of Harveys, bred
by Wetherell, and portrayed in Vol. 8 of the Herd Book. Maid of Promise
was a purchase from Benton of Cattie, in Alford. A descendant of hers,
called Maid of Promise the 6th, was the finest cow in the herd, and took the
challenge cup at Aberdeen in 890 as the best Shorthorn in the yard, beating
Cock o the North 57,072, and some other noted bulls. Miss Ramsden was a
11.9. THE KINELLAR HERD 421
cow bred by Sir J. Ramsden, and seems to have been brought North by Mr.
Jopp, from whom Campbell bought her. Other cows were picked up from
time to time, but the above-mentioned are those that founded the families
with which Mr. Campbells reputation as a breeder is chiefly associated.
So much for the herd matrons. Let us now glance at the sires. At first,
Mr. Campbell seems to have had no bull of his own, but got the use of
those at the neighbouring farms of Clinterty, Kinaldie, and Glasgoforest,
viz. Unrivalled 13,926, Fairfax Hero 9106, and Vice President 11,002. These
were all bred at Sittyton, the two last after the fine bull Fairfax Royal 6987.
Having apparently found the result satisfactory, Mr. Campbell proceeded
to get his own from the same source. In regard to all young animals it is
difficult to know how they will turn out as they grow up. Even the most
experienced breeders will at times be mistaken. Mr. William McCombies
finest cow, Pride of Aberdeen, was not as a calf a favourite with himself and
when his brother, the Minister of Lump- hanan, ventured to commend it,
he got only the contemptuous remark, Ay, man, what ken ye aboot kye? It
is the same with human beings. The Duke of Wellingtons mamma thought
her son Arthur the dunce of the family, and yet she was a smart, clever
xvoman, from whom the Duke took most of his talents and his Roman nose.
Accordingly, the Messrs: Cruickshank, in disposing of their bull-calves, often
sold better ones than they kept. In fact, at this period they retained almost
none, and got their bulls generally from England. Mr. Campbell, who
was a good judge, had the knack of dis- cerning the latent capabilities of
these young animals, and succeeded in picking up a series of uncommonly
good ones at the Sittyton sales, viz. Beeswing 12,456, Scarlet Velvet 16,916,
and Diphthong 17,681, all of which turned out very fine bulls, the two last
good enough to beat everything that came against them at the Aberdeen
Shows. The Garioch Boy 15,384 was another Sittyton-bred bull, and a very
handsome one. He had been brought originally by a Mr. Ledingham, from
whom Mr. Campbell purchased him at a high price. Unfortunately, he
caucrht inflammation from going into the Don when over- b heated, and
died before much use was got of him. Beeswing left useful, deep-bodied
cows, but Scarlet Velvet was the most stylish of the Kinellar bulls, and put
a stamp on the herd which raised it to a high reputation. He was followed
by Diphthong, who also did good service.
This series of bulls, matched with the cows I have mentioned, produced
an excellent herd. Mr. Campbell, for- getting the principle of letting well
alone, fancied he would now be better for a change of blood, and resolved
to go to England for his bulls. The rivalry, also, which had sprung up
between his own herd and that of Sittyton probably made him unwilling
to be longer indebted to the latter. During the next fourteen years, viz,
from 1863 to 1877, he brought a succession of animals from the south, viz.
Prince of Worcester 20,597, bred by Mr. Fletcher, of Radmanthwaite; Sir
Christo- pher 22,895, bred by Mr. Richard Booth; Under Sheriff 32,745,
from Mr. Atkinson, of Peepy; British Prince 33,226, from Mr. Lambert, of
Elrington Hall; and Borough Member 33,186, bred by Mr. Bowman. These
were mostly of Booth blood, and some, at least, were noted animals. Prince
of Worcester took the cup at the Royal at Worcester as a yearling, and at
Aberdeen as an aged bull. The result, however, was disappointing. None of
these animals proved a success. The herd, instead of improving, fell oW and
latterly Mr. Campbell returned to the use of bulls from the Sittyton herd,
viz. Luminary, Vermont, Gravesend, Royal James, and First Consul. Under
the influence of these the character of the stock revived again. Luminary,
indeed, was not much of a beast, but Vermont did well. Gravesend also
proved a most successful getter, especially of females, and at the time of Mr.
Campbells death the herd was again in a blooming condition. It embraced a
large number of excellent cows and heifers, of which no less than thirty were
by Gravesend 46,461. He was a red bull, and was five years old before Mr.
Campbell got him. After serving six years at Kinellar, he was sold to Mr.
Reid, of Daneston, who resold him to Mr. Duthie, and finally he ended his
days in England at the age of thirteen. Mr. Campbell also used several bulls
of his own breeding, such as Nobleman, Novelist, Golden Prince, Foijambe,
Gladstone, Diphthong 3rd, and a good white one named Duke 28,342, which
took first honours at Aberdeen three years running.
The failure resulting from the use of the English bulls at Kinellar is a
curious circumstance. Owing to some cause or other the Shorthorns in Eng-
land about this time seem to have undergone a considerable deterioration.
The craze about pedigree had set in. Formerly an animal was valued because
of its personal merit and the fineness of stock it produced now the question
was all about its pedigree. Was it pure Bates or pure Booth? But animals
of the very same pedigree may differ immensely. One may be first-rate, the
other a mere weed. Selection, therefore, must never be lost sight of; but it
is not every one who can select properly. Good judges are not so plentiful
as long purses. Mere show-yard reputation is also not a safe criterion, for
two reasons. In the first place, judges often go wrong, and men are put to
judge who are unfit for the job; but, secondly, and of more importance, is
the fact that no man can tell surely how a beast will breed until it has been
tried. Performance is the only sure test. If our racehorses had been selected
from their mere personal appearance or pedigree, without a contest on the
Turf, what would have been the result? It is not always the champion of the
yard that proves the best sire, nor does the favourite at the Derby invariably
come in first. Some of the best Shorthorn sires would have been nowhere
in the prize ringat all events, not at the top. We see only the outside of
an animal, but cannot gauge the vital forces of the interior, on which so
much depends. Perfect intelligence might perhaps be able to tell from the
outward form what an animal could do, and to read in a mans countenance
the history of his life, but ordinary human beings are not endowed with that
penetration; like Sam Wellers optics, our wisions limited. Mr. Campbell
11.10. MR. DOUGLAS OF ATHELSTANEFORD 423
died in 1891, and the herd was sold off on October 13th of that year. The
two-year-old heifers by Gravesend and Royal James were a particularly fine
lot, and averaged over .1142 apiece. The young cows by Gravesend were
also very good. There was a large attendance of breeders. Lord Rose- bery,
Mr. Duthie, and Mr. Fletcher, of Rosehaugh, picked up several of the best
animals. A few went to Yorkshire, and the bull Royal James to Lincoln.
Mr. Campbell was a tall, active-looking man; a good, practical farmer,
and one of the few who succeeded in making Shorthorn breeding pay. He
hadnt much to say, and was somewhat dry in his manner, but had plenty of
good sense and an excellent judgment in regard to cattle. Much in request
he was as a judge at local shows, and when on the bench it was certain no
great mistake would be made in regard to the Shorthorns under review. Of
the Mar Agricultural Society he was the guiding star, and although some
of the hotter and more radical spirits, like Fornet, occasionally ventured to
challenge his authority, yet he generally managed to get his point carried.
The Kinellar sales of bull calves, especially in the palmy days of Beeswing,
Scarlet Velvet, and Diphthong, were looked forward to with interest, and
invariably drew good gatherings and excellent prices. Mr. Campbell was
one of those men whom we can ill afford to spare. He had not only the
eye of a breeder, but was also endowed with that steadiness of purpose and
perseverance without which little good can be achieved.
11.10 Mr. Douglas of Athelstaneford

Among the finest judges and cleverest feeders who have been distinguished
among the Shorthorn breeders of Scotland was Mr. James Douglas, of Athel-
staneford, near Drem, East Lothian. He had a rare eye for form, did not like
great size, but preferred a type which may be described as wide and low; he
would not have leggy animals, and a rather mul/um in parvo style suited his
tastecattle which were near the ground, but wide and of great weight. He
was a consummate trainer for show purposes, and his spirited contests at
the great shows of the three kingdoms were highly interesting to frequenters
of the show yards, and to the lovers of Shorthorns in general. Though but a
tenant farmer, competing as he did against men of wealth, his pluck never
failed; indeed, he fought his battles with undaunted courage, and occasional
defeats did not damp his ardour or his spirits. From time to time he made
judicious purchases of cows and heifers, from which he bred animals which
became well known to fame. In the county of Kildare, in Ireland, he bought
at Mr. La Touches sale a fine cow, Rose of Autumn. She was a daughter
of the Mantalini heifer Pelerine by the celebrated sire Buckingham, which
Mr. Thomas Robertson, agent to Mr. La Touche, had purchased from Mr.
John Booth, of Killerby. Rose of Autumn produced a heifer called Ladylike,
which won a prize at the Royal Irish Show at Killarney, in 1853. There Mr.
Douglas sold her to Mr. Rowland Campion, of co. Cork, from whom she
passed to Mr. Richard Welsted, of Ballywalter, in whose herd she founded a
numerous and valuable family. Another daughter of hers was Rose of Sum-
mer, a heifer of extraordinary beauty, which won the 2H three National first
prizes as a two-year-old. As a cow, she went to the International Show at
Paris, in i8 6, and won first prize. There Mr. Douglas had the pluck to
refuse an offer of 6oo gs. for her, and it turned out fortunate for him that
he did so, for she bred, to that excellent sire Captain Balco, the noted bull
Sir James the Rose, who got a number of heifers of uncommon beauty. Mr.
Douglas published a catalogue which was illustrated by photographs taken
from paintings of many of his famous animals, among which were those of
Rose of Summer, Sir James the Rose, Maid of Athelstane, and others. Rose
of Autumn also produced Rose of Primrose, which went into Mr. Mark
Stewarts and Lady Pigots herds successively. From her were descended Mr.
T. E. Pawletts Mantalinis, which sold for very high prices, one of them,
Rose of Warlaby, having been purchased by the Rev. Thomas Staniforth
for 5 o gs. Mr. John Unthank, of Netherscales, bought the noted cow Old
Cherry by Pirate in her old age, from her breeder, Colonel Cradock, and
bred from her a heifer called Queen of Trumps. Mr. Douglas was most
anxious to get a descendant of Old Cherry, and he succeeded in procuring
a heifer of the blood from Mr. Unthank. From her he bred another Queen
of Trumps, and she was of such merit that she won the three National first
prizes, completing her triumphs at the Royal Irish Show at Londonderry,
where she was sold to the Americans for 450 gs., but she unfortunately died
when just in sight of New Orleans. From Mr. J. G. Grove, of Castlegrove,
co. Donegal, Mr. Douglas bought one of the Fame tribe, and from her he
bred Clarionet, which became quite a show yard celebrity and beat Colonel
Gunters Duchess twins, never previously defeated, at the Highland Societys
meeting at Dumfries. A big price did not alarm Mr. Douglas if he made
up his mind to buy an animal, and, being very anxious to have a female
of the Killerby Bracelet tribe, he did not hesitate to pay Colonel Towneley
500 gs. for Ringlet of that blood. She bred Maid of Athelstane, winner
of the three National first prizes, as well as a host of other honours ; she
also produced Queen of Athelstane, a heifer perhaps as nearly perfect as
possible, which Lady Pigot bought for 500 gs., with a view to beating the
Duchess twins and Mr. Booths Soldiers Bride at the Royal Show at Leeds.
The beautiful Queen, however, died before that show, and a post-mortem
showed that she had too much fat around her heart, which, therefore, ceased
to beat. Another lucky purchase made by Mr. Douglas was that of the
cow Isabella Hopewell, bred at Warlaby. Her dam was by Lord Spencers
Exquisite, and the result of that outcross not having satisfied Mr. Richard
Booth, he sold the females having the cross. In Mr. Douglas hands she,
however, bred Lamp of Lothian 16,356, which won the gold medal at the
Royal Dublin Show, and was sold to Mr. Talbot-Crosbie for 250 gs. This fa-
11.11. THE DUNMORE HERD 425
mous bull was by Hymen, a son of the Bates sire Second Duke of Cambridge,
from a Bracelet cow. He had, therefore, Bates blood as well as the blood
of Exquisite, yet he proved an extraordinary sire. He got his stock good all
round, and Mr. Crosbie won many first prizes with his sons and daughters
at the leading Irish shows. From a Bates cow, Playful, Mr. Douglas also
bred several animals of show yard renown, including Pride of Athelstane, a
winner at the Battersea Royal meeting, and many others of much note. At
the sale of Mr. John Booths herd at Killerby, in 1852, Mr. Douglas bought,
at a low price, a heifer-calf named Officious, by Hopewell. He showed her
at the Royal Irish Societys Exhibition at Killarney, in 1853, when she was
in the prize list, and was sold to Colonel Kane Bunbury, of Moyle, co. Car-
low. This heifer was the ancestress of the bulk of the Bracelet tribe now in
existence. Mr. Douglas was a man of taste, and his loose boxes for those
famous heifers, of which he was naturally so proud, were beautifully fitted
up. In each was a panel, surrounded with gilt moulding, which contained
a list of the prizes won by the occupant. His innate love of Shorthorns was
great, and he often travelled in the same train with them on their journey
to the shows. He spent anxious nights and weary days in his many travels
and voyages; but the excitement of the contests was very great. He went
forth to meet and do battle with the cracks of Warlaby and Towneley, and
always exhibited skilful generalship against the efforts of Joe Culshaw and
the Warlaby Cuddy. These contests, oft repeated, came to have an intense
fascination, not unlike that attaching to the Turf, and these great show cat-
tle were known as the racing Shorthorns. Occasionally Mr. Douglas would
act as judge at a show. He and his colleagues made a sensation when, at
the Great Yorkshire Show, they reversed the decision at the Leicester Royal,
and placed Knight of Knowlmere before Commander-in-Chief.
11.11 The Dunmore herd

Scotland takes the head of the list of high sale averages in the results of
the Dunmore sale conducted by Mr. Thornton, on August 25, 1875, when
thirty cows and heifers averaged /j576 5s. 6d., and nine bulls and bull-
calves 992 i6s. 8d. each, the thirty-nine animals of both sexes and all
ages making an average of /’672 8s., the sale having realised 26,223 15S.
The sale brought before the public only a part of the herd of the Earl of
Dunmore, and although equally high prices were not afterwards realised,
the remainder of the herd being sold after the long period of agricultural
depression had begun, we must bear in mind the fact that a selection from
even the choicest herd, however good the animals told off for sale may be,
has perhaps never, certainly very seldom, if ever, the attractive power of
the entire herd offered absolutely for final dispersion. The probability is
that had the thirty-nine Short- horns sold at that time formed the entire
Dunmore herd, a still higher sum total would have been realised, and it
is certain that if the retained Duchesses had been sold, the average would
have been greatly increased. The reserved cattle were shown to the company
gathered at Dunmore on the morning of the sale day.
The herd was a prominently representative onerepresen- tative of the
strains of blood at that time at the height of fashion in Great Britain and
America. It did not represent the distinctively Scotch strains of blood; yet
Dunmore blood was introduced into some of the old Scotch Shorthorn tribes.
The prevailing blood at Dunmore was that of Kirkleving- ton tribes and
of some of those other strains which the followers of Mr. Bates accepted as
fit for the company of Kirklevington tribes, although not numbered among
the tribes of Mr. Bates. The leading families of Kirklevington were not
at first represented strongly by females, but Duchess, Oxford, and Red
Rose bulls were principally used. In 1871, however, the Earl of Dunmore
made some important additions to the herd by importations of females of
those tribes from Hon. M. H. Cochrane, Canada, and from Mr. Renick,
and others, in the United States of America, and in 1872 sold the bulk of
the herd which had been collected and bred before the importations of the
previous year, retaining, with the animals from America, only a few of those
belonging to the first herd. In the same year, after the sale, and in 1873,
further importations added considerably to the number and very greatly
to the value of the herd. The sale list of 1875 comprised two bulls of the
Duchess tribe, which averaged I’3937 los.; three animals of the Oxford tribe
sold at an average of io88 los.; four animals of the Red Rose tribe averaging
892 los.; two female Waterloos, 598 ios. each ; four animals of the Fuchsia
tribe, 542 Is. 3d. each; and sixteen animals of the Wild Eyes tribe, which
made an average of 439 7s. 2d. The remaining eight animals were seven
females and one bull, of miscellaneous sorts. Three of the females belonged
to the Revelry tribe, descended from Mr. Waldys Splendid, closely related to
his Barmpton Rose, the ancestress of Colonel Towneleys Butterfly tribe; one
represented Earl Ducies Louisa tribe; one Sir Charles Knightleys Albreda;
one Mr. Edward Bowlys Musical tribe, much valued at Siddington; and one
represented the line of Mr. Jonas Webbs Celia. The bull Finlarig, the last
of the eight miscellaneous animals, was of the Selina branch of the Lady
Maynard tribe, through Mr. Charles Collings beautiful Countess and her
dam, Lady, by Grandson of Bolingbroke. The two Duchess bulls sold at Dun-
more on that memorable day were Duke of Connaught 33,604, bought by
Lord Fitzhardinge for 4500 gs., and Third Duke of Hillhurst 30,975, bought
by Mr. J. W. Larking for 3000 gs.
The retained portion of the herd comprised females of the Duchess tribe,
which at that time was at the height of its favour in the estimation of the
public. But one of the great features of the Dunmore herd, and one that
stood out in bold relief, was its group of Red Roses. The herdits character,
its place in history, and its relative importance among the Shorthorn herds
11.11. THE DUNMORE HERD 427
of Scotlandmay be now more fully seen at a glance than was possible upon
the nearer view at the time of its existence or shortly after. The Red Roses
or Renick Red Roses as they are sometimes called, to distinguish them
from the Cambridge, Thorndale, Heydon, and other Roses from the same
originformed at Dunmore a herd within a herd. They were, as a group,
wholly unlike the rest of the herdsquare built, thick, compact, short legged,
with heads of quieter outlook and horns mostly of more flat and downward
growth than those of cattle of Mr. Bates type. Many breeders would con-
sider them a great deal better than Kirklevington cattle: anyhow, better
or worse, they presented beside them a distinct contrast of type. The Red
Rose herds of the Renicks, in America, and particularly Mr. Abram Renicks
Red Roses, represented rather the Barmpton herd of Mr. Robert Colling
than the Kirklevington herd of Mr. Bates. The line had been only a short
time in Mr. Bates hands when Rose of Sharon was exported, and the de-
scendants of Rose of Sharon in America, through several generations, were
by sires far removed in blood from those of the Shorthorns of Kirklevington,
Mr. Whitakers strain being a powerful factor in the composition; so that
anything of Kirklevington type which the Cambridge Roses, the Thorndale
Roses, and the Heydon Roses might inherit from a long-continued succession
of sires bred from Kirklevington tribes, was not the inheritance also of the
branch line from Rose of Sharon on the western side of the Atlantic Ocean.
The last portion of the Dunmore herd passed through the sale ring on
August 27, 1879. That year will be long remembered as a year of pour-
ing skies and flooded lands, and as the beginning of a long period of agri-
cultural depression, which seriously affected Shorthorn breeding and every
other industry connected with the land. Week after week the partial deluge
continued, and when the Dunmore Shorthorns passed before Mr. Thorntons
rostrum the weather was described in Highland terms as raining all day with
showers in between. Added to these drawbacks to the success of the sale
was the general depression in trade, consequently the feeble circulation of
money, of those dark days. For all this, an immense company gathered at
Dunmore to the sale of the Shorthorns and of the Clydesdales (Dunmore
being not less famous for its horses than for its cattle) ; and the three ani-
mals of the Duchess tribe, Duchess 114th, her yearling daughter the 117th,
and her son, the bull-calf Second Duke of Cornwall, made an aggregate of
7507 ios. Duchess 117th made 3200 gs. to Sir Henry Allsopp, who also took
Duchess 114th at 2700 gs. The sale of fifty-four animals, male and female,
old and young, realised 1713,1 i8 14S., giving an average of 241 14S. 3dnot
so very bad for bad times. It is rather curious that the figures at this sale
compare very closely with those of the Dunmore sale of 1872, when fifty-four
animals (exactly the same number sold in 1879) averaged 242 I 8s. 9d., a
result received with great exultation.
To the above note it may be added that the herd was commenced in
i868. Lord Dunmores earliest purchases were from Mr. Stiles Richs herd, at
Didmarton, of animals of the Waterloo and Kirklevington strains. Several

of the produce of the 500 gs. bull Baron Oxford 2nd; Musicals from Mr.
Bowly; Siddingtons, and Fawsleys, besides representatives of other tribes,
were also acquired. In April, 1871, the heifer Eleventh Lady of Oxford,
bred by Mr. J. 0. Sheldon, was imported from the Hon. M. H. Cochrane,
Hillhurst, Compton, Canada, having been purchased by Mr. Thornton for
the Dunmore herd. Lord Dunmore had offered Sir Robert Gunter 3000
gs. for the heifers Duchess 103rd and Duchess 10 1st, but, as these were
not to be sold in the United Kingdom, the offer was declined, and the
animals were disposed of to Mr. Cochrane, Canada, at 2500 gs., on condition
that they were not to be returned to this country. There was, however, no
stipulation as to the calves of these heifers, and Lord Dunmore offered Mr.
Cochrane 2500 gs. for the offspring when the heifers should calve, sending his
herdsman to Canada to wait for the arrival of the calves and bring them back.
The calves were named Duchess 107th and Duchess io8th, and in April, i871,
they were imported to Dunmore. Other two Oxfords, viz. Eighth Maid of
Oxford, and Mar- chioness of Oxford, were also bought in Canada. At the
same time there were also landed from Mr. Cocliranes farm four of the Rose
of Sharon or Red Rose family, bred by Mr. Abram Renick, Kentucky. From
the sale in 1872, when some of the Oxford and Wild Eyes tribes, and almost
the whole of the other tribes, were dispersed, Lord Dunmore had retained
the Duchess, the other Oxford, and the Red Rose females, together with
a few others to form the nucleus of a future herd. A feiv days after his
own sale in 1872 Lord Dunmore purchased from Mr. Harward, Winterfold,
the Wild Eyes cow Clear Star, and her three descendants, Lady Worcester
2nd, Lady Worcester 3rd, and Lady Worcester 5th, for 210 gs., 310 gs, 505
gs., and 510 gs., respectively. After a stormy voyage in December, 1872,
the famous bull, Third Duke of Hillhurst 30,975, came from Canada to
the Dunmore pastures, and at the same date three other Red Rose heifers
were obtained from Kentucky. In July, 1873, a very large importation was
made from Canada, Lord Dunmore having entered into an agreement with
Mr. Cochrane for the purchase of two valuable Duchesses (Duchess 97th
and Duchess 101st), five Wild Eyes, and a Waterloo. Sir R. Gunter had
withdrawn the stipulation as to the non-return of Duchesses to this country,
and made an exception in favour of Lord Dunmore. The bull Sixth Duke
of Geneva 30,959 accompanied the others from Canada, and at the same
date four additional Red Roses were obtained from Kentucky. In September,
1873, Captain Blathwayts sale, at Dyrham Park, afforded an opportunity for
purchasing representatives of the Fuchsia tribe; three of these being bought
at 320 gs., 450 gs., and 450 gs. each.
Lord Dunmore sold altogether one hundred and sixty- five head of Short-
horns for 66,336.
In the management of the herd Lord Dunmore had associated with him
Mr. H. W. B. Berwick, whose aid and advice proved valuable. Though the
11.12. DALKEITH PARK 429
herd was dispersed in 1879 his lordship continued to take a keen interest in
the welfare of the breed. Only three weeks before Lord Dunmore s death,
which took place in August, 1907, in his sixty-sixth year, he went over the
history of his career as a breeder and supporter of the red, white, and roan,
and, with vivacity and enthusiasm, recalled the chief incidents connected
with the formation and progress of the Dunmore herd, and the institution
of the Shorthorn Society, and the Shorthorn Dinner Club.
11.12 Dalkeith Park

The herd at Dalkeith Park is of very old standing and high reputation. The
late Duke of Buccleuch was one of the early supporters of Coates Herd Book,
both by subscription and entries. Thet family known as Cherry remained in
the possession of the Dukes of Buccleuch for many years, the Ladykirk cow
Short Tail (Volume I. 494), bred by Mr. William Robertson, and by Mr.
Charles Collings Cherry bull Wellington 679, having been sold to the then
Duke of Buccleuch when in calf to Mr. Robertsons Dairymaid bull Albion
731. At root, the Cherry tribe is the same as that of Europa by Sirius 598
(Short Tails daughter), well known as the great granddam of Buchan Hero
3238, bred by Mr. Ferguson Simpson, Mains of Pitfour, Aberdeenshire, and
the property of Sir Charles R. Tempest and Mr. Whitaker. Short Tails calf
by Aibion was Lady Derby, from whom all the Cherries of Dalkeith Park have
descended. The females of this tribe had a very strong family resemblance,
and were conspicuous by their broad backs, widely-sprung ribs, and good
hair. A family which did much to extend the reputation of the herd was that
of the Stanwick Park Rose- buds, or Princesses, a tribe introduced by the
purchase, at Mr. John Woods sale, of the magnificent cow Passion Flower
by Mr. Richard Booths Cardigan 12,556. When bought she was in calf by
the Warlaby Moss Rose sire Knight Errant 18,154 and the calf proved to
be the noted red bull Royal Errant 22,780, which gained a first prize as a
yearling and a two-year-old at the Highland and Agricultural Societys Shows
in 1864 and i86 . The well-known Stanwick Park Premium tribe had also
representatives, as had also Mr. Maynards Lady tribe, Mr. R. Duddings
Fancy tribe, and several were of the Mason Lady Sarah by Satellite 1420
family. Of the Rachel branch of the old Angus Lame Cow tribe were the
Ruths, and there were Apperley Princesses, Cressidas, and Ury Likelys. The
sires used were of high breeding and individual merit. Royal Errant 22,780
proved a singularly impressive sire, as did several of his sons. The Premium
Lord Cecil 26,621 left excellent stock, while the famous prize Village Rose
bull, The Earl 27,623, bred by Mr. Chaloner, was used most successfully.
There was also Rev. John Storers Rosedale Favourite 29,831, a noted sire of
Mr. J.C. Maynards Rosamond by Jack Tar tribe, which left his mark. The
very inbred King Errant 36,839 bred at Dalkeith Park, and a frequent prize-
taker, was freely used, and his stock were much thought of. The Mantalini
Royal Hope 32,392, also well known in the Gordon Castle herd, proved highly
satisfactory. The roan Solon 47,135, purchased at Mr. Hugh Aylmers sale,
in 1883, proved a capital sire. The home-bred Peacock 45,319, by The Earl,
and a grandson of Passion Flower, was a bull of decided character, and
a most prolific and impressive sire. Another home-bred sire, Baron Hope
47,412 by Royal Hope from Corunna by The Earl, was successfully used. St.
Boisail 52,264, bred by Lord Polwarth, was also in service.
11.13 Keir
The herd at Keir, Stirlingshire, was established by Sir William Stirling
Maxwell, in 1852, and under the management of Mr. A. Young, attained
a position of considerable importance. The foundation was laid by the
purchase of two cows at the sale, in 1852, of the Kingcausie herd by Mr.
Boswell, of Balmuto, the animals being Grandiflora, by the Rajah 6595 and
Carrara by Ravencroft xo,68o. About the same date, the bull Blencoe, bred
by Mr. Troutbeck, and of the Gwynne tribe, was bought. In 1855, four
females were obtained at the sale of Mr. Ellison, Sizergh Castle, West-
morland, including Eliza 2nd by Lord March 10,475. The famous prize bull,
John OGroat 13,090, bred by Mr. Fawkes, Farnley Hall, was purchased, and
won first prize at the Royal Show, at Salisbury, and the Highland Show, two
years later, after which he was attacked by pleuro-pneumonia and died. His
successor was Hiawatha 14,705, bred by Mr. Douglas, Athelstaneford, and
he won first at the Highland Show, in 1857. At Sir Charles Knightleys sale,
Drapery, of the Fawsley tribe, and Chemi- sette by Earl of Dublin Io,I78
were selected. From Colonel Pennant, Penrhyn Castle, Flora and Rosanna
by Lovemore 10,476 were secured. Floras first calf was Florist, and Rosan-
nas was Anna Rose by John OGroat. These were respectively sire and dam
of the celebrated bull Forth, subsequently well known in the Sittyton herd,
and a first-prize Royal winner. Windsor Flower by Earl of Scarborough 9064
was from Mr. Wetherells herd at 250 gs. Nightingale by Grand Turk 12,969
came at 200 gs. from Mr. H. Amblers herd. Picotee by Refiner 10,675 and
Laura Bell by Phcenix were from Mr. Chrisp, of Hawkhill. Vesta, at 200
gs., and Winning Witch at i8o gs., were selected at the Bushey Grove sale.
At the Towneley sale, the noted prize bull Royal Butterfly I th 20,719 was
bought for 400 gs., also the heifer Violante by Valiant 10,989, dam Roan
Duchess 2nd and Another Roan Duchess by Master Butterfly 18,348 was
secured for 225 gs. Pride of the Morning by Scottish Chief 22,849 came
from the Duke of Montroses sale in 1867, and also Flower Girl by Baron
Killerby 19,280 at 100 gs. Purchases were also made at the Faldonside and
Costerton sales. In addition to the bulls already mentioned, the sires used
included Keir Butterfly 24,235, The Chieftain 20,942, and others.
11.14. MAINS OF PITFOUR 431
11.14 Mains of Pitfour

Among the early cultivators of the red, white, and roan in these northern
regions may be mentioned Mr. Ferguson Simpson, tenant of the farm of
Mains of Pitfour, in Aber- deenshire, who had some well-bred Shorthorns
descended from the fine stock of Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk. From these he
brought out a remarkable animal called Buchan Hero 3238, which took the
prize of ioo at the Highland Societys Show at Berwick, in 1841, as the best
bull of any age, open to the United Kingdom. Mr. Jonas Whitaker thought
so much of him that he there and then bought the animal for his herd at
Burley, and he was afterwards sold at his sale to Sir Charles Tempest, of
Broughton Hall, for 350 gs. A yearling bull by him also fetched 200 gs., and
a heifer of the same age i6o gs. Buchan Hero was a massive, short-legged,
deep-bodied roan, with a fine coat of hair. Mr. Simpson bred Shorthorns
from 1835 to 1846 or 1847, about which latter date his stock was dispersed,
and passed into the hands of Messrs. Hutcheson, of Monyruy; Harvey, of
Tillygreig; Hay, of Shethin; Morison, of Bognie; Cruickshank, of Sittyton;
and perhaps others. Many descendants from his Young Broad- hooks cow
by Young Ladykirk 4170 still survive in the herds of Lord Lovat, at Beau-
fort Castle; His Majesty, at Windsor; the Earl of Northbrook, and other
breeders. This Young Broadhooks was the dam of Buchan Hero, and of two
cows called Beauty and Eliza, the latter of which, after going to Monyruy,
eventually landed at Sittyton, and from her the Beaufort animals are de-
scended, among them being the splendid bull, New Years Gift 57,796, which
proved himself the champion animal of the breed at the National Shows at
Plymouth, Dublin, and Chester. New Years Gift, in his general colour and
style, seemed to bear a remarkable resemblance to the old Buchan Hero. I
may explain that the word Buchan applied to this heroic bull is (like the
East Ridings of York- shire) the name of a large district of Aberdeenshire, in
which the estate of Pitfour is situated, and the Mains corresponds to what
in England would be called the Manor Farm. Pitfour belonged to Admiral
Ferguson, who had a seat in Parliament in the days of William Pitt, and
was a staunch supporter of that great statesman. He declared that he never
voted against Pitt but once, and even then he found he had done wrong.
His old butler when at home used to enlighten the natives as to the doings
in London of Me and Pitt and Pitfour. Two fine granite pillars at the en-
trance gate of the spacious park are dedicated to the memory of Pitt and
his colleague Dundas.
11.15 Monyruy
John Hutcheson, tenant of the farm of Monyruy, near Peterhead, was an-
other of the early breeders of the Shorthorn in Aberdeenshire who deserves
some notice. His operations extended from about 1837 to 1852. In 1837
he was so fortunate as to acquire the fine young bull Billy 3151, which I
described in my notice of Captain Barclays herd, and he got cows from Wil-
son, of Brawith; Cartwright, of Tathwell; Fawkes, of Farnley Hall; Watson,
of Walkeringham; Rennie, of Kim- blethmont, and some others. In 1845
he brought down from England the great prize-winning bull Sir Thomas
Fairfax 5196, bred by Whitaker, and then about eight years old. He was a
lightish roan, with a fine, large, deep carcase, and had never been beaten
in any show yard. His constitution, however, seemed to have been shaken
before he came north, for he lived but six months at Monyruy, and left only
two calves, both of which were heifers. Hutchesons old cattleman, Peter
Boddie, told me that Sir Thomas came in the end of the year, and had to
be slaughtered before Whit Sunday owing to some trouble about his lungs.
Nevertheless, the two heifers got by him grew up to be good cows, Edith
Fairfax and White Fairfax. The former eventually went into the Sittyton
herd, and produced some fine stock there, while the latter was purchased
by Mr. Bruce, Milihill, and descendants from her were to be found in the
fine herd of his brother, Mr. James Bruce, of Inverquhomery. Here I may
remark that Edith Fairfax was out of a fine breeding cow called Fancy by
Billy 3151, while White Fairfaxs sire and dam were both by Billy, and Billy
seems to have put constitution into everything he got. Although, therefore,
Sir Thomas Fairfax had something wrong in him, the strong blood of Lady
Sarah inherited from Billy seems to have made up the deficiency.
Hutcheson was a man of an ardent, speculative nature, and engaged in
various enterprises besides farming. He had a large granite quarry from
which many fine blocks were sent to build the London Docks. He was also
deeply interested in the whale-fishing, which about that time was in the
full tide of prosperity, and when the Greenland ships came home with jolly
cargoes to replenish his exchequer he went into matters with some spirit.
In 1847 he and Amos Cruickshank set out together for England in quest of
Shorthorns. Just as they were starting, a letter came from Peterhead saying
that Hutchesons ship, the Traveller, had arrived from Davis Straits with a
bumper cargo of oil. He therefore resolved to set about things in proper style.
On reaching I-lull a carriage was chartered with a pair of spanking horses,
and the two Aberdonians drove through the Northern counties inspecting
the various herds. Mr. Cruickshank had set his heart on buying a fine bull
called Fairfax Royal, bred by Torr, and to be sold at an approaching sale at
Walkeringham. Knowing the high spirits of his companion, he dreaded that
Hutcheson might take a fancy for the same animal and be an opponent at the
sale, but, as luck would have it, Richard Booth came on the scene and carried
Hutcheson off with him to Warlaby, where he concluded a bargain for the
hire of FitzLeonard 7110, at the rate of 8o gs. the season. FitzLeonard was
then rising two years old, and continued in service at Monyruy during 1846
and 1847, after which he went back to Warlaby, where he became the sire
11.16. RETTIE 433
of Crown Prince 0,087, the very best getter Booth ever had. Nevertheless,
FitzLeonard seems to have done nothing remarkable at Monyruy. He came
by steamer from Hull, and Peter Boddie travelled him out from Aberdeen
to Monyruy by road, a distance of about thirty miles. Peter described him
to me as being a lengthy enough beast, but not very broad, with shortish
legs and good enough quality. The warst thing aboot him was his heed. He
was by no means such a noble-looking animal as Sir Thomas Fairfax, but
hardy and healthy enough, got plenty of calves, many of them white (he was
white himself), and naething verra extra, quoth Peter. Amos Cruickshank
didnt think much of FitzLeonard, and told me he wouldnt have used him.
We may, therefore, surmise that the remarkable goodness of Crown Prince
as a sire was chiefly due to the fine character of his dam, Charity, and not
to FitzLeonard. Discouraged apparently by his ill-luck, Hutcheson sold off
his Shorthorns partly in 1849, and finally in 1852, some of the best of them
passing into the Sittyton herd; he then tried the Polled breed, or took to the
blacks, as Peter phrased it. Railway speculation also engaged his attention,
but affairs latterly did not prosper. The price of cattle went down, the
granite quarry became exhausted, and the Greenland ships no longer came
back with the jolly old cargoes. Allis vanity, saith the preacher. With
characteristic venturesomeness, he resolved to try his fortune in another
land, and embarked for New Zealand, but he had little more than landed
on that distant shore when the summons came for him to depart on that
greater voyage from which no traveller returns. As a Shorthorn breeder,
Hutcheson will be remembered for the remarkable animals which were once
in his herd, such as Billy 3151, Sir Thomas Fairfax, and FitzLeonard, also
several fine breeding cows whose blood still runs in the veins of some of the
best Shorthorns of the present day.
11.16 Rettie
The late Mr. Andrew Longmore, Rettie, Banif., commenced to farm in 1813,
and for some years after 1831 made tentative efforts towards the formation
of a herd of Shorthorns, several animals being purchased from time to time.
The real beginning of the herd was, however, made in 1838, when the
cow Ladykirk was purchased from Mr. Hood, Hatton of Essie, Forfarshire.
This cow had been bought by Mr. Hood from Mr. Heriot, a tenant of
Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk. She was by Heriot 4017, a bull bred by Mr.
Robertson and presented by him to Mr. Heriot. A bull named Ury 17,157,
bred by Captain Barclay, was purchased in the same year. In 1839 two
heifers, Durham 1st and Derby, both by Satellite 1420, were purchased from
Colonel Dalgairns, Ingliston, Forfarshire. The next considerable purchase
was the bull Jacob 6,306, bought from Mr. Grant Duff, of Eden, in 1841.
He was by Holkar dam Modesty by Sir Charles. Dannecker by Second Duke
of Northumberland 3646 was used for two seasons, and finally bought in 1847
for ioo gs. In 1845, Mr. Lougmore secured, at Eden, the cow Constantine,
bred by Mr. Benjamin Wilson, of Brawith, for 6o gs. At Captain Barclays
last great sale at Ury, in 1847, a cow and heifer were acquired. The cow was
Rosamond by Sultan 5349, a daughter of the Hon. J. Simpsons Rose, which
cost 73 gs., the highest price at the sale, and the heifer Legacy by The Pacha
7612 from Crocus by Second Duke of Northumberland. Rosamond was in
calf to The Pacha 7612, and the produce vas a bull named Balmoral 9920,
used in the herd and one of the finest sires as regards constitution and good
quality. He was followed by Inheritor i 3,065 from Legacy. At the Eden sale,
in 1850, Mr. Longmore purchased Miss Bates by Duke of Richmond 7996.
In i85i The Hero, bred by Mr. B. Chilton, Billington Grange, was secured
for ioo gs. Earl of Aberdeen by Grand Duke 10,284 was bought from Mr.
Hay, Shethin, in 1853. This bull proved very valuable at Rettie. Hercules
also came from Mr. Hay, in 1857 ; he was by Red Knight 11,976. At Mr.
Grant Duffs own sale, in 1852, Mr. Longmore bought Poona, a two-year-old
heifer by Louis dOr 9336, and at the dispersion sale at Eden, in 1854, the
fine cow, Manganese by Mr. Beasleys Brampton 8900, was obtained for 90
gs. Manganeses calf Fatima by Eleventh Duke of York was also purchased.
This cow proved a very good investment, and her stock, particularly those
tracing through her daughter Miranda, were very valuable. The two bulls
Benedict Balco 14,159, of Angus blood, and Imperial Rome 16,292, of the
Old Cherry family, were purchased from Mr. Douglas, of Athelstaneford.
Both these bulls were of excellent pedigree, and of superior quality, and
they cost together f280. Imperial Rome had been put to suckle a dairy cow,
which was afterwards found to have had pleuro. The bull himself did not
take the disease, but he was the means of introducing the infection at Rettie,
and this spread so much that only two cows and the younger heifers were
saved. The latter produced a large proportion of heifer-calves the following
year, and the herd soon again became as large as was desired. Prince Louis,
calved 1862, bred by the late Queen Victoria, at the Royal Farm, Windsor,
was introduced. Sir Charles 2nd 20,812 from Sir C. Knightleys Erminstadt,
was bought at the sale of Mr. Jonas Webbs cattle at Babraham, in 1863,
for 93 gs. Royal Blossom 25,002, from the Sittyton herd, was introduced
in 1867, when Beacon came from Gordon Castle. Other two bulls came
from Sittyton; the first was Lord Forth, son of the famous Forth, and out of
Autumn Rose, and the other Victor Royal 35,886 by Ca sar Augustus. Then
followed Baron Havering 33,043, of the Charmer tribe, from Mr. McIntosh,
Havering Park, and Duke of Carolina 3rd 41,364, also bred at Havering Park.
Periodical sales of bulls were held at Rettie, good averages being generally
obtained. Mr. Longmores cattle were large and fleshy, and the herd did a
great deal of good in the North of Scotland during the fifty years it was in
existence. At the dispersion of the herd in 1881, Mr. Edward Cruickshank
purchased five of the cows, which formed part of the second herd at Lethenty.
11.17. MR. ANDREW MITCHELL, ALLOA 435
11.17 Mr. Andrew Mitchell, Alloa

Among breeders of the past and present generation few names were longer
or better known in Scotland (his native country) and in England than that
of Mr. Andrew Mitchell, who was born at Alloa, on February i8, i8ii, and
died there on March 24, 1897, after a useful, honourable, and well- preserved
life of eighty-six years. About 1838 he had formed the acquaintance of Hugh
Watson, of Keillor, who was a great friend of Captain Barclay of Ury; Mr.
Torr, of Aylesby, and Mr. Wetherell, the auctioneer. In 1855 he visited
the Royal Agricultural Societys Show at Carlisle, and was so impressed by
the form and quality of the first-prize old bull Windsor, that he made a
pilgrimage to Warlaby, where he made the acquaintance of Mr. Richard
Booth, and later of his three nephews, John, Thomas, and William. He
also hired the bull First Fruits. With Mr. John B. Booth he afterwards
attended Mr. Crawleys sale at Luton, Bedfordshire, purchasing on his own
account the beautiful heifer Mistletoe, at 74 gs. ; she became a distinguished
prize winner, and produced, by Brigade Major, a handsome roan bull called
Malvolio. Two years later, another visit to Yorkshire led to the purchase of
animals from Mr. Jolly, and from Mr. John Wood, of Stanwick, to whose
stock he was greatly attached. He continued to hire bulls from Warlaby and
Killerby. Prince Arthur and First Fruits were followed by Brigade Major and
Lord Blithe, and Banner Bearer went from Killerby. At the sale in 1870,
forty-seven head averaged o gs. The famous Blue Bell was sold to the Hon.
M. H. Cochrane for i6o gs. Although not quite to the same extent, much of
the land having been given up in 1870, he continued to keep a small herd
at Alloa, and there often stood in service some of the best Warlaby sires,
taken at a two hundred guineas yearly fee. The herd contained some nice
animals bred by his old friends, the Rev. T. Staniforth, Sir Jacob Wilson,
Mr. William Torr, Mr. John Wood, Mr. Hugh Aylmer, and Mr. Donald
Fisher. The final sale took place in 1894.
11.18 Broadland
Mr. Charles Bruce, Broadland, Aberdeenshire, commenced to breed Short-
horns in 1840, when he attended the sale of Mr. Allardes, Boynsmill, Forgue,
and bought a roan heifer named Lousea, by Jock o Darlington, son of Kate
of Darlington, of whom Mr. Grant Duff wrote that she was imported from
Yorkshire in 1826. She was selected for Mr. Allardes by a Mr. Milne, from
the stock of one of the principal breeders in the neighbourhood of Darlington,
and had a pedigree, but owing to the death of Mr. Milne, neither pedigree
nor breeder was ever ascertained. Mr. Grant Duff who bred from her stock,
stated that she was of a sound constitution, a good milker, and was said to
have evinced high breeding, which certainly appeared in her daughter Glen-
dronach, the property of Mr. Harvey, Tillygreig. Several favourite strains in

the North of Scotland are of this line of blood. In i8 Lousea was the dam of
Young Lousea by Major 24,514. This fine milking cow was the dam of two
heifers that proved very valuable in the herd. Another branch of the herd
came from Purity, a white heifer calved in 1842, and bred by Mr. Denison, of
Ossington, her sire being Proselyte 4842. One of her calves was Jenny Lind
by Jacob 6ioi, and from her excellent stock were bred through Young Jenny
Lind by Orbliston, calved in 1852. In 1849 Mr. Bruce added to his herd the
heifer Nancy, obtained from Mr. Pirrie, Collithie, and bred in Northumber-
land. Another family traced to Rosa by Son of Lennox 31,593. The sires
used at Broadland included Major 24,514 by Mr. Croftons North Star 4589;
Orbliston 24,691, bred by Mr. Geddes, Orbliston, by a son of Second Holkar
6450; Red Orbliston 24,920; Red Luggs 32,263, bred at home; Western Star
25,430, bred at Sittyton, in 1857; Lord Elcho 22,150, from Shethin; Dipple
14,461, bred by Mr. Hunter Dipple; Signet Seal 18,824, bred at Hillhead
of Nairn; Great Seal 21,873, bred by Mr. Mackessack ; Prince of Worces-
ter 21,873, bred by Mr. Fletcher, Redmanthwaite; Champion 28,115 by
Baronet; Baron Killerby 27,947, hired from Mr. Outhwaite, Bainesse, and
own brother to the celebrated cow Vivandiere; Stanwick 32,600, bred by
Rev. T. Staniforth, Storrs Hall; and King George 28,968, bred by Messrs.
Atkinson, Peepy. Mr. Bruce was a very successful exhibitor at the local
and county shows.
11.19 Inverquhomery
The foundation of the fine herd at Jnverquhomer.y, Long- side, was laid
by Mr. James Bruce in 1851. When on a visit to the great Exhibition in
London, in that year, he purchased, at Mr. Robert Fields sale at Pyrgo
Park, Essex, about ten miles from London, two cows, Rosewood (20 gs.)
and Augusta (32 gs.), as well as her heifer-calf at 15 gs. Mr. James Bruce,
who was the nephew of the founder of the herd, went to Australia when
a young man; on his return home in 1863 he became heir to his uncles
estate at Inverquhomery, and found on it a herd of Shorthorn cattle bred
from these purchases, which was of such excellence that he exhibited steers
at the Smithfield Club Show. Their great size and quality, with wealth of
flesh, greatly helped to call attention to Scotch Shorthorns and Cruickshank
blood. A close friendship arose between Mr. Amos Cruick- shank and Mr.
Bruce, resulting in the use of the Sittyton bulls Grand Forth 21,074, Lord
of the Isles 40,218, Privy Seal 50,268, and Cetewayo 49,244, which were in
service from 1869 to 1882. Mr. Marrs Mario 50,017, a son of his famous
sire Heir of Englishman, was also used in 1875. Bulls bred from the best
cows in the herd were afterwards occasionally used. Clear-the-Way 47,604,
a Clipper bull (sire of Mr. J. D. Willis prize bull Hercules), was purchased
11.20. MERTOUN, ST. BOSWELLS 437
for 140 gs. at Mr. A. Davidsons sale, i886; Alison 52,404, a son of Mr. S.
Campbells noted sire Gravesend, and Duke of Edinburgh 51,114, bred at
home, were used in 188678; they were followed by two sons of Clear-the-
Wayviz. Banadulluc 56,843, from Augusta 7th, and Cap-A-pie 58,591, from
Augusta 11thused up to 1892, in which year Royal Robin 63,290, a son of
Roan Robin, was bought from Mr. W. Duthie. Cap-A-pie was not only a
capital sire but a very handsome bull, and long used in the herd; he was
second at the Royal Northern Societys Show at Aberdeen to Mr. A. M.
Gordons Marplot 59,446, who was also in service. Waverley 68,072, after
winning at the Highland Societys Show at Aberdeen in 1894, was purchased,
not only for his great merit, but because of his excellent breeding, for he
was by Mr. Bruce s Bendigo, who was a son of Clear-the.Way from Augusta
8th. Waverley was used three seasons. The remarkably grand lot of roan
and red yearlings and bull and heifer calves at the sale of the herd in 1899,
furnished proof of the sound judgment and selection which had always been
keenly exercised in the breeding and rearing of the herd, nearly the whole
of which was descended from the Augusta and Rosewood families.
Apart from the exhibition of the steers at Smithfield, the herd had only
been shown locally; at the Buchan Shows first prizes and cups were awarded
in each section, the animals being simply walked from the pastures to the
show. Singular uniformity, showing the truth and purity of breeding,
prevailed throughout the entire herd, the young animals being the reflection
of the older ones. The cows were of a grand stamp, of extraordinary width
and depth, with full crops and girthpoints particularly studied,-round ribs,
strong well-covered loins, and good hind quarters; they stood on short legs,
and in the winter possessed great coats of fine rich-coloured hair, and, above
all, strong, robust constitutions for they were bred seven miles from the coast
in the bleak north- east corner of Aberdeenshire. 21
11.20 Mertoun, St. Boswells

Lord Polwarths celebrated herd at Mertoun, St. Boswells, was established
about 1867 from the stock of the most famous breeders in England and
the north of Scotland, the foundation stock having been purchased with
great judgment and at considerable expense. To sustain its high character,
valuable sires were obtained; among them may be mentioned Rapid Rhone
35,205, twice a Royal winner, King David 43,417, Royal Riby 52,056, Sir
Lucius Studley 64,852, and Sir Cuthbert Studley 64,838, the best of the
Warlaby bulls (all hired direct from the Executors of the late Mr. T. C.
Booth), and which left excellent stock. Bulls bred in the herd were also
used, viz. Ironclad 55,913, first and champion at the great Royal Show
at Windsor; Windsor Royal 62,041, from the prize Wave family, first and
champion at the Royal and the Highland Societys Shows; Nonsuch 65,969,
also first and champion at the Royal and first at the Highland Shows; and
Royal Herald 64,736, first and champion at the Royal at Leicester in 1896.
The tribes represented are the Fare- wells, Waves, Brights, Ribys, Gowans,
Madalines, Butterflies, Bracelets, and Medoras.
Public exhibition has frequently been made with great success, numerous
prizes having been won by the fine specimens produced from this valuable
herd. Some further reference may be made to the prizes won at the Royal
Shows. At the Jubilee Show at Windsor in 1889, Lord Polwarth was the
breeder and exhibitor of the first-prize two-year-old bull Ironclad 55,913, to
vhich the judges awarded the champion prize as best bull of the breed; he
was a son of King Alfonso 49,803 and Wave Surf of the Aylesby tribe, and
was described as a bull of sterling merit, thick in the frame, well coupled up,
and rich in muscular development. Lord Polwarth was also second for cows
calved in 1886 with Wave of Loch Leven, and second for heifers calved in
1887 with Wave of Indiana. In the following year at Plymouth the Mertoun
herd produced the first prize heifer calved in i888, this being Truth by Sir
Arthur Irwin 44,016, dam Timbrel by Prince Stuart 45421, and she was also
reserve for the female championship. At Doncaster in 1891 the successes of
the Mertoun herd were brilliant- third for bulls calved in 1885, i886, 1887,
and i888 went to Commander 54,1 i6 by King Stephen 46,559, dam Wave
of the Ocean by Rapid Rhine 35,205, and reserve to Gunboat; first for bulls
calved in 1889, and the male championship fell to Windsor Royal by Royal
Riby 52,056, dam Wave of the Ocean; first for cows xvith Wave of Jndiana
by King Alfonso 49,803 from Wave of Pacific, and second for Wave of Loch
Leven by King David 43,417, also from Wave of Pacific; Lord Polwarth was
also first for heifers calved in 1888, and won the female championship with
Truth, while he was first for heifers calved in 1889, and reserve champion
with Gladsome Wave by Patrician 54,785, dam Crystal Wave. At Warwick,
in 1892, Truth was first in the cow class and again champion, while the
Mertoun herd also supplied the second-prize cow in Wave of Loch Leven.
At Chester, in 1893, Wave of Loch Leven was the first-prize cow. In the
following year, at Cambridge, Wave of Loch Leven was second for cows, while
Bridal Robe by Crested Knight 54,137, dam Wedding Gift by Sir Arthur
Irwin, was first in her class and reserve champion. Next year, at Darlington,
the first-prize and champion bull was Nonsuch 65,969 from Mertoun, but
bred by Mr. Hill, while in 1906 Royal Herald was first and champion; he
was home-bred by Royal Riby 52,056, dam Victoria Regia by King Stephen.
In 1897 Royal Marvel by Nonsuch was third for yearling bulls, and Wave
Mist by Sir Norman Studley 59,968 third for cows. In 1898 Border Riever
68,254 by Sir Lucius Studley 64,852 was second for bulls. These are merely
the prizes gained at the Royal shows during this period. At the same time
numerous prizes were won at the Highland Society, the Great York- shire,
and the Northumberland County Shows, so that for ten years, when the herd
was being regularly shoxvn, the fame of the Booth strains was admirably
11.21. LETHENTY 439
maintained by the many fine specimens exhibited from Mertoun.
11.21 Lethenty
An excellent herd of Booth cattle was judiciously and carefully bred for
several years by Messrs. J. W. and E. Cruick- shank, at Lethenty, Ab-
erdeenshire, and was dispersed in May, i88i. Animals of the most celebrated
strains of blood were selected with great pains, mostly privately, from some
of the leading breeders in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land. The herd consisted, with one exception, of five tribes: the Anna,
Bracelet, Farewell, Georgie, and Mantalini, all of which were originally bred
at Killerby or Warlaby, and sires of the same strains of blood continued to
be used. King Richard 2nd 28,984 was hired from Mr. Thomas C. Booth,
of Warlaby. Balmoral 36,151, bred by Mr. William Torr, and sold as a calf
at Aylesby, was purchased at the Taverham sale, and Knight of St. Patrick
38,520, also of the Bright or Anna tribe, hired from Warlaby, was in use
four seasons. The females of the Anna tribe comprised both the Bright and
Riby branches; Riby Princess, which represented the latter, was a daughter
of Riby Empress, purchased at the Aylesby sale in 1875. The Brights were
descended from Bright Rose, which Mr. Win. Torr sold to Mr. Richard
Chaloner in Ireland, who bred them for many years, using Warlaby bulls.
The Bracelets, descended from Officious, bred by Mr. John Booth were
bought by Mr. Douglas at the Killerby sale and sold to Colonel Bunbury,
who bred them for many years in Ireland. The Farewell tribe was repre-
sented by two branches: one tracing to Mr. Pawletts Lady Jane, sold at the
Beeston sale in 1872, and the other to Cream, bred by Mr. E. A. Fawcett
(by his noted bull Athelstane). The Georgies were obtained from Mr. John
B. Booth, of Killerby. Of the Mantalini tribe, Victoria Aricoma, by Mr.
Booths Royal Benedict, was descended from Lady Pigots herd, and numer-
ous other specimens of this family were obtained from Mr. George Allen, of
Unicarville, co. Down.
Mr. Edward Cruickshank established another herd at Lethenty, the Sit-
tyton and Rettie blood being chiefly used. About 1887 this herd was sold
to Hon. John Dryden, Canada, when the farm was given up.
11.22 Other breeders

Mr. Boswell, of Kingcausie, purchased Shorthorns at an early period, some
of his animals having come from Mr. Atkinson, Embleton, Alnwick, Mr.
Maynard, and one was bred at Chilton. The herd was dispersed in 1852.
Mr. G. R. Barclay, Keavil, Dunfermline, secured several very ne spec-
imens of Booth families some years prior to i868. Among them were Fan
Fan (daughter of Mr. Sandays 225 gs. Faith, descended from Fame by
Raspberry) and her progeny, also the celebrated Seraphina 13th, bought for
240 gs., and some from the Panton and Babraham herds. Mr. Barclay also
purchased a number of fine animals from Mr. Cruickshank, Sittyton. Mr.
Jonas Webbs Englishman 19,701 and Baron Booth 21,212 were used. The
herd was sold in September, 1869, when Heir of Englishman 24,122 by En-
glishman 19,701 from Seraphina 13th went to Mr. Marr, Uppermill, for 100
gs. Lord Sudeley gave 110 gs. for Sera- phina I 3th, 120 gs. for Seraphina
Carissina, and i50 gs. for Booths Seraphina. The average for twenty-seven
head was f 8 i6s. 9d.
The herd at Auchnagathle, Keig, Aberdeenshire, which for many years
produced noted prize winners in the hands of Mr. W. A. Mitchell, was estab-
lished in 1843 by his father, Mr. George Mitchell, the first purchase having
been a heifer called Young Juno by The Peer Sires from Sittyton were early
used, one of these having been Young Sovereign, the first bull sold from that
herd. From 1868, when the herd came into Mr. W. A. Mitchells possession,
the bulls used included Forth 4th 28,636 from Keir Magnet 31,793 from
the Duke of Buccleuchs herd; Lord Irwin 29,123 from Mr. Linton, Sheriff
Hutton; Duke of Chamburgh 36,052 and Baron Killerby 27,949 from Mr.
Outhwaite; and Lord Mayor 38,626 from Alnwick Park. Among the prize-
winning females was Alma by Prince Alfred 27,107, a beautiful cow of the
Sittyton Azalea tribe. The hawthorn family were also very successful. They
were from Hawthorn by Forth 4th out of Lady Hay by Loyalty. A sale was
held in 1879, and subsequently bulls were used from the Newton, Upperm
ill, Sittyton, and Collynie herds.
The late Mr. Donald Fishers herd at Keithick, Coupar Angus, and lat-
terly at Pitlochry, contained some very fine specimens of the Furbelow, or
Cold Cream, tribe from the Royal herd at Windsor, and descended from
Sir Charles Knightleys stock, Cold Cream, having been bought at Fawsley
in 1856 There were also choice specimens of other strains bred from the
herds of the Duke of Montrose, Mr. Douglas, and Mr. Lowndes, including
some of the Medora, or Isabella, family. The sires used combined the Booth
and Knightley blood, among them having been Scottish Chief 22,850, The
Chieftain 20,942, Good Hope 31,274, Fawsley Prince 31,150, Brother Wind-
sor 25,690, and Valentine Vox. At a successful sale in October 1874, the
average for forty-two head was 86 9s. Duchess of Knightley was sold at 280
gs. to Mr. W. R. Davies; Fawsley 5th at 215 gs. to Mr. A. H. Longman;
while other ten of the lots made ioo gs. and over. A second herd was es-
tablished at Pitlochry, and contained some valuable animals of Booth and
Knightley blood, as well as a number of the Sittyton Clipper tribe, which
were obtained from Mr. Duthie. Among the other animals were several
of the Mantalini and Mistress Mary tribes, both of Booth blood, also the
old Certaintys from Mr. Ben Wilson, of Brawith, Yorkshire. There were
likewise descendants of Messrs. Angus herd from Northumberland; Mr. W.
S. Marrs, at Uppermill, Aberdeenshire, and Mr. J. A. Gordons, of Arabella,
11.22. OTHER BREEDERS 441
Ross-shire, which was full of the blood of the famous bull Rosario 35,315,
first-prize winner at the R. A. S. E. at Taunton, 1875, where he was sold
for 400 gs. One of the sires was Christmas Present 63.793, bred by Mr. W.
Duthie; he was obtained from Mr. J. Deane XVillis, and was by Gravesend.
Captain of the Guard 58,596, bred by Mr. A. Cruickshank, was also in
service. The cows were remarkably uniform, and combined the form and
quality of the English Shorthorn with the substance and heavy flesh of the
Scotch strains. This herd was sold in August, 1898.
Mr. George Marrs Cairnbrogie herd of Shorthorns was founded by the
purchase of a two-year-old heifer and cow calf at Little Haddo, Foveran,
in 1846, when that farm was given up in consequence of the death of the
late Mr. Mitchell, senior, Meikle Haddo. That was the origin of the Flora
family, which proved most prolific and useful. Frequent additions were made
year after year by the purchase of females from Mr. Whitehead, of Little
Methlick, going back, like Young Flora, as they invariably did, to the late
Captain Barclay of Urys best blood, and some of them even of that blood
itself. The females were characterised by their good milking properties.
The Floras, Daisys, Mary Annes, and Daintys particularly excelled in this
respect. Mr. John Marr was also for a number of years the owner of a fine
herd at Cairnbrogie, and after the death of Mr. William S. Marr and the
dispersion of his herd, he became tenant of the farm of Ippermill.
Mr. J. J. Moubrays herd at Naemoor was founded in 1885 by the pur-
chase of three cows and heifers at Mr. Bethunes sale at Blebo. These were
all descendants of Mr. Ainslies celebrated prize cow Romping Girl, winner
at the Highland Societys Show at Aberdeen. They were called Strawberries,
and afterwards got the name of Blithe. There were a number of representa-
tives of the Killerby Georgie and Calomel tribes, which were long bred by
the late iVir. Hugh Aylmer in Norfolk, whence they were obtained. Some
private purchases were also made from the Warlaby herd. From these fine
cows several bulls bred in the herd were used. The earliest sires came from
Messrs. Mitchells old- established herd at Alloa. Royal Herald 64,736 was
purchased from Lord Polwarth and extensively used. Fitz-Riby 70447 was
bought from the Duke of Northumberlands herd at Alnwick, and Sir Grim-
ston Studley 2nd 75,668 and Sir Charles Grimston 75,646 from Sir Jacob
Wilson at Chilling- ham. For the last few years sires of Cruickshank blood
have been used, and some Cruickshank females bought for the herd.
The herd established by the late Mr. John Gordon, at Cluny Castle, Ab-
erdeenshire, and afterwards carried on by Lady Gordon Cathcart, was com-
menced about i886, and was successfully managed by the late Mr. Ranald
Macdonald, the agent. Of the Booth Bliss family the grand old cow Balus-
trade came from Knowlmere, where the cows and heifers of this tribe aver-
aged 197. She produced to Knight of Knowlmere the white bull-calf Baron
of Knowlmere, used in the herd, and also Friar of Knowlmere by K.G.B. St.
Crispin 2nd, bred by Mr. Barker, Dunnington, came from Messrs. Atkin-
sons sale at Peepy, in 1865, for 240 gs. Water- loo Banner was bought at
the Aylesby sale in 1875 for 380 gs. The Windsor family was founded by
a purchase from the Royal farms at Windsor. In 1870, Daybreak and Blue
Bell came from Windsor. Dora, of the Fawsley blood, was bought from Mr.
Fisher for 130 gs. At the Stanwick Park sale, in 1871, Clorodyne was added.
Lady May Burdett, of the Celia tribe, came from Dunmore at 115 gs. The
Floras were from Mr. Milne, of Kinaldie, and the Vail tribe from Meikle En-
dovie; while smaller families were introduced from Blainslie, Gordon Castle,
etc. The sires used included K.G.B., Watch- man 2nd, Baron of Knowlmere,
Windsor Booth, Lollius Booth, Sir Windsor Broughton 27,507, etc.
The herd that belonged to the late Mr. James Bruce, Burn- side Fochabers,
commenced about i866, was famous during its career for the number of prize-
winning bulls that were bred or used in it. More recently it has been realised
that several of these sires left a very distinct mark for good on the stock
of this country and also in the United States. Earl of March 33,807, bred
in the herd in 1874, was afterwards purchased by Mr. Duthie, Collynie,
and in both herds he was successfully used. He was first at the Highland
Societys Show in 1876, and was a roan by Frederick Fitz-Windsor 31,196
dam Fanny by Royal Errant 22,780. The roan bull Knickerbocker 38,510
was calved in 1876 and was bred by the Duke of Buccleuch, being got by
Rosedale Favourite 29,831 from Ladys Maid by Royal Errant 22,780. After
being used in Mr. McWilliams herd at Stoneytown he went to Burnside
and was very successful in the show yards, taking first at the meeting of
the Highland Society, while he also proved an excellent sire. The celebrated
New Years Gift 57,796 used at Windsor was got by him. The bull Duke of
Richmond 21,525 was bred by Mr. Bruce in 1873, the sire being Lord St.
Leonards 29,202 dam Fannie by Royal Errant 22,780. This splendid animal
was secured by Messrs. J.H. Potts and Sons, Oakland Farm, Jacksonville,
U.S.A., in 1876, and was exhibited with great success in America. Mr. A. H.
Sanders, in Shorthorn Cattle, says, Duke of Richmond scored such a success,
both as a sire and show bull, that he is generally credited with having con-
tributed as much toward making the reputation of Scottish sires in America
as any other one animal ever imported. An earlier sire used was Baronet
25,564, red with a little white, calved i86 , bred by the Duke of Buccleuch,
dam Passion Flower by Cardigan 12,556. Others were Lord St. Leonards,
calved 1867, bred by Mr. Fawkes, got by Cobham; Master Harbinger 40,324,
calved 1877, bred by Mr. W. Handley, by Alfred the Great 36,121 ; Gold
Digger 49,651 bred by Mr. Handley, got by Sir Arthur Ingram 32490, and
Goldfinder 47,967, calved in 1883, bred by Mr. Handley, and also by Sir
Arthur Ingram. The prizes won numbered six hundred and fifteen. When
the herd was sold in August, i886, after Mr. Bruces death, the average was
33 3S. 2d.
Messrs. C. Smith and A. Davidson owned a very good herd at Hillhead,
Nairn. It was dispersed in i86o, when among the cows sold were animals
11.22. OTHER BREEDERS 443
bred by the Prince Consort, Mr. Boswell, of Balmuto; Mr. Crawford Noble,
Berryhill; Sir W. Stirling Maxwell, of Keir; Rev. T. Cator, and others. Mr.
Marr, Uppermill, purchased here, for 76 gs., Goldie, sire Goldsmith dam
Ruby Hill, and Mr. Campbell, Kinellar, secured Ruby Hill by Liphin stone
for 50 gs. The bull Lord Privy Seal 16,444, bred at Windsor, by Prince
Alfred, was sold for 150 gs.
Mr. Robert Bruce had a fine herd, at Newton of Struthers, Forres, which
he bred for fifteen years and winning prizes at leading shows. Selections
were made from the stocks of the Duke of Buccleuch, Messrs. Cruickshank,
Atkinson, Fisher, Nesham, Outhwaite, and Torr. The sires were at first from
Dalkeith Park and Keir. Baron Killerby was hired from Mr. Outhwaite,
and Lord Irwin 29,123, winner of sixty-nine prizes, was purchased from Mr.
Linton; he won for Mr. Bruce first prize at the Royal Show, at Bedford,
in 1874. The strains comprised Sprightly, from Sittyton; Countess, of the
Amazon tribe; Cherry Ripe by Royal Errant, from Dalkeith Park; Lady
Britomart, bred by Mr. Mitchell, in Yorkshire; Shuttlefeather of Furney
Hall stock descent; Sybil, from Gainford; Fair Tyne, a noted winner and of
the Amazon tribe; Azalea, Water Mint, of the Aylesby W. tribe; Dewberry,
of the Cold Cream strain ; Lady Alice, of the Jenny Lind tribe, and others.
At the dispersion of the herd in October, 1876, when Mr. Bruce gave up
the farm, and removed to England, the best prices were: 200 gs. for Water
Mint (Rev. J. N. Micklethwait), 170 gs. for Averne (Mr. J. Marr), 120 gs.
for Lady Belle (Mr. Schroeter), 135 gs. for Cherry Pride (Mr. J. Whyte),
and 96 gs. for Lord Irwin (Mr. Cantlie] The average for eighty- five head
was C49 19s. 4d,
Mr. Geddes, Orbliston, introduced a cow of Mr. Carnegies breeding
from Berwickshire, and added some at the Shethin and other sales. Wizard
25,467, bred at Keir, did good service in this herd.
A good herd was that of Mr. William Stephen, Jnchbroom, Elgin, a
son of Mr. John Stephen, Coulardbank, who bought two cows at the Ury
sale, in 1831. Countess was purchased, through Mr. Wetherell, in 1837, and
Averne, bred by Mr. Jobson, Chillingham, sire Bucephalus 6784, was bought
from Mr. Douglas, Athelstaneford, and proved very useful. The first sire
introduced was Garioch Lad 17,938, bred in 1842. Duke 3rd 17,697, of the
Duke of Richmonds breeding, and descended from a Ury cow, was bought
at Gordon Castle. Bloomsbury 9972, bred at Sittyton, and got by Mr. W.
Torrs Fairfax Royal 6987, after having been used for several years by the
Duke of Richmond, was purchased from him. Picotee I 5,063, was bought
at Shethin, and was a son of Mr. John Booths Red Knight 11,976, a prize-
winner at the Royal Show at Lewes, in 1857. Talpa was bought from Mr.
Sydserf, Haddington; he was got by Captain Balco 12,546 and out of Julia
Cruise by Mr. Maynards Crusade 7938. Union Seal 19,032, was bought in
i86o, from Mr. Smith, Hilihead, Nairn, and was a son of Lord Privy Seal
16,444, a bull bred at Windsor, and got by Mr. R. Booths King Alfred.
Emperor, a grandson of John o Groat 13,090, and Hydra 19,995, bred by

Mr. E. Bowly, Siddington, a son of Earl of Walton 17,787, were used during
the next four years. The herd was sold off after Mr. Stephens death in i868,
and many Shorthorns in the north of Scotland are descended from it.
Other well-known breeders in Scotland have included Mr. Jopp, Nether
Boddam, whose herd was sold in 1867, when twenty animals averaged 68 7s. ;
Mr. Whitehead, Little Methlick, from whose stock many famous animals are
descended; the Duke of Montrose; Viscount Strathallan; the late Mr. Mark
Stewart, of Southwick; Mr. Milne, Faldonside; Mr. Ainslie, of Costerton;
Mr. Tweedie, Deuchrie; the late Lord Kinnaird; Mr. Bain, Legars ; the Right
Hon. A. J. Balfour, M.P., Whittinghame; Sir David Baird; Sir T. Buchan
Hep- burn ; Mr. Dundas, of Dunira ; Colonel Williamson, of Lawers; Mr.
Maxtone Graham, of Redgorton; Mr. Geikie, of Baldowrie; Mr. Bethune,
of Blebo; Mr. Granger, Pitcur; Mr. Mackie, Petty, Aberdeenshire; Mr.
Davidson, Mains of Cairnbrogie; Mr. Cowie, Cromleybank; Mr. Lawson,
Brae- lossie; Mr. Watt, Garbity; Mr. John Cran, Kirkton, Inver- ness; Mr.
J. A. Gordon, of Arabella, Ross-shire; Mr. Stronach, Ardmeallie; Mr. Scott,
Glendronach; Mr. Morison, of iVfountblairy; Mr. Cochrane, Little Haddo;
Mr. Thompson, Newseat; Mr. Cantlie, Keithmore; the Earl of Rosebery,
Dalmeny Park, Edinburgh; Mr. Harvey, Tillygreig; Colonel Dalgairns, of
Ingliston; Mr. Harris,Earnhill; Mr. Mackessack, Balnaferry. As will be
seen, a number of the herds mentioned here are still in existence.
11.23 Progress from 1889 to 1907

It is not a very far cry back to that May day in 1889, when the Sittyton
herd changed ownership. From that transaction which had so fortunate an
outcome in the retention of part of the herd in this country, there may
be dated the initiation of a new era in the history of Shorthorn breeding
in Scotland. Public confidence in the administrative measures taken for
the stamping out of the pleuro-pneumonia scourge which had afflicted the
herds of the country for so many years, was leading to greater interest being
taken in the establishment of pure-bred herds, and this, backed up by the
increasing favour shown by English breeders for Scotch-bred stock, gave an
impetus to Shorthorn interests in Scotland, the effects of which have in the
interval never ceased to be felt.
It would be no easy matter to trace step by step the progress of Scot-
tish Shorthorn breeding within the last quarter of a century, so far as the
establishment of new herds is concerned, and for some such details refer-
ence may be made to the List of Existing Herds which forms part of this
work. A further examination of the Herd Book will show that about i88o
only about seventy breeders in Scotland contributed to it, while ten years
later the number was itT anything less. Certainly in the decade between
11.23. PROGRESS FROM 1889 TO 1907 445
i88o and 1890, very little progress was shown so far as contributing to the
Herd Book can be taken as a criterion. But the work of the pioneers of
Scotch Shorthorn breeding was then beginning to bear fruit; the growing
appreciation of England was being backed up by Canada and the United
States, and later on by South America, which has all along provided such
a remunerative market and never more so than within the past four or five
years: and the result has been that within the fifteen years succeeding 1890,
the year when Mr. Cruickshanks herd finally left Sittyton, the number of
herds in Scotland has been multiplied more than three times over; and it is
not alone in numbers that the increase has been made, but counting from
1893, up to last year, it is found that the average prices at public sales in
Scotland have also been tripled, and for 1906 stood at 63 lOS. 5d. Such
an increase in numbers and values indicate the advance Shorthorn interests
have made in Scotland within recent years. This advance is due largely to
extensive exports to the Argentine, and to the growing popularity of the
Scotch cattle in England.
The period which has elapsed since Sittyton ceased to be an active centre
of breeding, has also had its losses to Scottish Shorthorn interests as well as
its great gains. In the spring of 1890, there took place the dispersion of the
herd of Mr. Scott, of Scatterty, and latterly of Towie- Barclay, in the county
of Aberdeen. The herd was then one of the largest in Scotland, and in-
cluded no fewer than twenty-four different tribes. The sale was very largely
attended by English breeders, who purchased forty-two of the animals. The
average for the 176 head was 3 2s. 4d. This sale has an interesting asso-
ciation apart altogether from the influence exerted on Shorthorn breeding
by the herd. Among the English visitors to the sale was Mr. Deane Willis,
Bapton Manor, who while in the district visited Sittyton, where the herd,
then in the possession of Messrs. Nelson, was located, and the visit resulted
in the whole of the yearling heifersthirty-three in allbeing transferred to him.
This led to the setting up of the first Scotch Short- horn citadel in England,
and with Mr. Deane Willis in the south, and Mr. Duthie, Collynie, in the
north, the permeation of Scotch blood through almost every herd in Britain,
as well as in America, became only a question of time.
Space, however, forbids our entering into details as to the herds which
have ceased to exist, such as those of the Countess of Seafield, at Tochineal,
founded in 1879, on purchases from Mr. Robert Bruce, then at Newton of
Struthers; from the herd of the Duke of Richmond and Gordon, at Gordon
Castle, and from the old herd at Rettie, which was itself finally dispersed
in 1902 ; the herd of Holker Oxfords, Waterloos, Red Roses from Dunmore,
etc., belonging to the Hon. R. Baillie Hamilton, Broomielees, near Melrose,
which was dispersed in 1889, at an average of o; the herds of Mr. Strachan,
Saphock, and Mr. Bruce, Pennan, both founded at the Auchnagathle sale
in 1879, and dispersed in 1891; the final dispersion of the Kinellar herd in
the same year; the dispersions in 1894 of the herds of Mr. Thomas Adam,
of Eden, which had lineal connections with the original Eden herd of Mr.
Grant Duff; of the herd of Booth cattle belonging to Messrs. A. and
A. Mitchell, Alloa; of Mr. Christie, Dairsie Mains, Cupar-Fife, founded on
Sittyton and Mertoun blood ; and of Mr. A. Irvine Fortescue, of Kingcausie,
after an existence of some thirty years. The sales of these and other herds
whose sphere of influence was more local, were all attended with what was
then considered great successthe main contributing force being explained by
the remark made by the late Mr. Mills, Ruddington Hall, at one of the sale
luncheons that the English were robbing the Scotch of their best blood. The
dispersion in 1896 of the herd of Major C. Lyon Mackenzie, Braelangwell,
Ross-shire, was followed in 1898 by the dispersion of the Pitlochry herd
of Mr. Donald Fisher, who had, in 1874, dispersed his very old herd at
Mains of Keithick at an average of 89 9s., which was the highest dispersion
average realised in Scotland, with the sole exception of the great Bates sale
at Dunmore, up to the date of the final dispersion of the re-founded herd in
1898. The Inverquhomery dispersion in 1899 marked the removal of a famous
landmark in Scottish Shorthorn circles. Away back in 1851, at Mr. R. Fields
sale at Pyrgo Park, Romford, Essex, as has already been mentioned, Mr.
Bruce acquired the cow Rosewood at 20 gs., and the cow Augusta at 32 gs.,
with her heifer calf at i5 gs. From these two families he bred his Augustas
and his Rosewoods, which are still regarded as amongst the finest of the
breed. Even in its palmiest days Sittyton had no mean rival in Inverqu-
homery so far as the quality of the animals produced was concerned, and
the herd exercised in its day a great influence on Shorthorn history in the
North. At the dispersion seventy- three head averaged 40 12s. id. Between
that date and to-day the dispersion of the Uppermill herd in 1904 stands
out with striking prominence as one of the most remarkable sales ever held
in Scotland, and at the same time one of the most historic in view of the
connection of Uppermill with the earliest days of Shorthorns in the North
of Scotland.
11.24 Mr. William Duthie, Collynie

The herd of Mr. William Duthie, Collynie, is recognised as the leading
herd of Scotch Shorthorn cattle. For years the annual sales in autumn of
young bulls from the herd have ranked as the most important engagements
in Shorthorn circles in Scotland, and a reference to the table which is printed
elsewhere will show in a remarkable manner the steadily growing importance
of these annual sales from what is the recognised Sittyton of to-day.
Although the purchase of a large portion of the Sittyton females in 1889
stands out as an important feature in the later history of the Collynie herd,
it is well to recall that prior to that event the late Mr. Duthie and his son,
the present owner of the herd, had reached an eminent position in the ranks
11.24. MR. WILLIAM DUTHIE, COLLYNIE 447
of Shorthorn breeders. The herd which was started by Mr. William Duthies
father in 1856 by purchases at the dispersion of the herd of Mr. Jonathan
Whitehead, Little Methlick, Aberdeenshire, was reared with the greatest
care. For a long series of years the very best Sittyton-bred bulls were used,
and such cows and heifers as were added had to pass a close scrutiny, both
as regards lines of breeding and individual merit. Thus when the Sittyton
cattle were sold, and Mr. Duthie was so fortunate as to secure upwards of
thirty cows and heifers from Messrs. Nelson, it formed only an augmenta-
tion of his herd on lines which had been followed for years.
To follow step by step the gradual growth of the herd at Collynie from
i8 6 to the present day would require a volume for itself. But even the
mention of a few names may serve to indicate the prominent position the
herd has long occupied. Take for instance the bulls Field Marshal 47,870
and his son Mario 51,713, the former bred by Mr. Cruickshank, and the
latter by Mr. Duthie. Field Marshal, after a successful show- yard career
in the hands of Mr. Duthie, was, in i886, hired for use in the Royal herd at
Windsor, and here he remained for upwards of two years, when he returned
to Collynie. Mario was extensively shown by Mr. Gordon, of Newton,
winning champion honours at the Highland and at the Royal shows in 1888.
These two famous bulls did much to popularise the Scotch Shorthorn in
England. Cup Bearer, a home-bred bull which was for three successive
years champion in the United States; Diphthong, the challenge cup winner
at Aberdeen, and the Sittyton Secret bull Scotland Yet 53,640, bred by Mr.
Cruickshank, the winner of the Chaloner Plate at the Dublin Show, indicate
the class of sires that were being used in the herd some twenty years ago. The
Roan Lady bull Rising Star 54,920, bred at Uppermill, proved at Collynie
the sire of Mr. Gordon of Newtons famous stock bull Star of Morning
58,189; while the Nonpareil bull Norseman 56,233, bred at Sittyton, was
sire at Collynie of Mr. Deane Willis Count Lavender 60,545, winner of over
fifty first prizes and championships in England, and one of the greatest sires
ever used in the Bapton Manor herd. Roan Robin 57,992, another Sittyton
bull, left much fine stock at Collynie. He was afterwards used in the Bapton
Manor herd, and in the Royal herd at Windsor. Perhaps one of the best bulls
ever used at Collynie was Scottish Archer 59,893, which was purchased at
300 gs. by Mr. Willis from his breeder, Mr. Cruickshank. He vas afterwards
acquired for Collynie, where he sired many famous show animals, including
the Royal champion Marengo 69,068. Captain of the Guard 58,596, and
Master of the Realm, champion of the Highland in 1892, Dauntless 54,155,
and William of Orange 50,694 were all bred at Sittyton, while with equal
success there was used the home- bred Pride of Morning 64,546, champion
at the Highland in 1894; and by Star of Morning. The bulls at present in
use are Bapton Favourite 76,080, of the Sittyton Crocus family, sold at the
Uppermill dispersion at 1200 gs. ; Bapton Cham- pion 78,285 of the same
family, and by the noted sire Silver Plate; Scottish Fancy 75,601, a Goldie
Uppermill-bred bull, now eleven years old, but proving a capital sire; Royal
Edward 82,153, a Missie, bred at Uppermill, and by the great Sittyton-bred
Wanderer 6o, 138; and a couple of red yearlings Vanguard (a Roan Lady
by Mr. McWilliams stock bull Pride of Avon 86,878), which was the pick
of the Collynie calves last year (1906), and Achilles, sired by the Collynie-
bred First Fiddle 83,480, bred at Heatherwick, and winner of first prize at
Perth, where he was purchased in 1907 at iooo gs.
Mr. Duthie has always been a good patron of the breed, buying at
very high prices where he saw a desirable female to enrich his herd. At the
Ruddington Hall sale he gave 500 gs. for a cow, and at Mr. Jolliffes sale
he topped the days prices at 365 gs. for another, while at the Uppermill
dispersion he purchased seven of the best cows, the buying bill amounting
to 1659. These few facts are mentioned in order to show how the female
stock of the herd is kept up, though Mr. Duthie depends for the most part
on his yearly crops of heifer-calves to take the places of the older matrons.
The scale, constitution, natural flesh, and milking properties of the females
readily explain why Collynie has been the home of so many noted sires. The
selection of the dams for their breeding and individual merit receives the
same careful attention as is bestowed on the sires. Representatives of all the
most fashionable blood of the present-day Shorthorn are to be found in the
herd. Mention may be made of the Violets, the oldest and most esteemed
family kept by Mr. Cruickshank, the Lavenders or Lancasters, the Clippers,
the Crocuses, the Duchesses of Gloster, the Vines, the Butter- flys, the
Fragrants, the Secrets, and the Guelder Roses, while of what are commonly
known as the Uppermill families the Collynie herd includes representatives of
the Missie, the Princess Royal, the Roan Lady, the Clara, the Bessie, and the
Goldie families. To mention only a few of the animals which have passed out
of the Collynie herd. There is, for instance, the bull Count Lavender, used,
as stated above, in the Bapton Manor herd, and probably one of the greatest
breeding sires of his day while his record as a show bull was also of no mean
order. In 1906, at the Royal Show, both male and female championships
were won by Mr. Willis with yearlings by Violets Fame 78,078, another
of the Collynie- bred bulls. The bull Bapton Viceroy, which won the male
championship, was, it may be recalled, sold to the Argentine for 3000 gs.
Again, the great show cow Bapton Pearl was descended from Collynie-bred
parents; she was by Count Lavender 60,545, and out of a Primrose cow.
Not only was she a show cow, but at Bapton Manor she left the well-known
bull C.I.V. 80,707. She was exported to North America, and there bred
the champion bull Whitehall Sultan, one of the most noted show bulls and
sires ever seen in the United States. There may be also mentioned the cow
Princess Alice, bred by Mr. Duthie, and champion in the United States
over all breeds in the eighties. Another case which may be cited to show the
pervading character of the Collynie blood is that of the bull Best of Archers
69,981, which was bred by Mr. Duthie, and was in use for some time in
11.25. MR. A. M. GORDON OF NEWTON 449
the herd of the late Mr. Mills, Ruddington Hall. The success of his sojourn
there was reflected in the fact that at the Ruddington Hall dispersion the
highest priced females were sired by him, while after he was exported to
America he was the sire of, among other famous animals, the famous show
and breeding bull Ceremonious Archer.
But it has not been alone in the breed show ring or in the sale ring that
Collynie stock have proved their pre-eminence. Frequenters of the Fat Stock
Shows of the the country will at once recall the celebrated sire Ringleader
64,663, which, in the hands of that successful breeder, Mr. Ross, Meikle
Tarrel, and now of Millcraig, Rosshire, produced more winners perhaps than
any other bull of any breed. There can be recalled one Smithfield Show,
where in six of the classes the animals carrying the first-prize tickets were
all by Ringleader. There is also the case of the Birmingham and Smithfield
champion of 89oPrincess Josephine 2nd, which was bred at Collynie, and was
shown by Her Majesty the late Queen Victoria, whose Smithfield champion
of 1895 was also out of a Collynie dam.
Thus alike in Scotland, in England, in Ireland, and in the United States
of America, in the breeding herd, in the auction ring, and in the fat stock
show, the Collynie herd is closely identified with modern Shorthorn history.
At present the herd numbers about two hundred head of cattle of all ages.
As a fitting conclusion to these notes which, though necessarily brief, will
serve to indicate the widespread influence of the Collynie herd, we append
table 11.2, giving the results of the annual sales of the Collynie bull-calves
for a quarter of a century, together with the names of the purchasers of the
highest-priced lot each year.
11.25 Mr. A. M. Gordon of Newton

There are quite a number of other herds in Scotland which fall to be men-
tioned as contributing to Shorthorn history. There is, for instance, the herd
of Mr. A. M. Gordon, of Newton, Aberdeenshire. Shorthorns from this herd
figured in the prize list of the local farmers club as early as 1838, and in 1843
the father of the present owner won the first prize for bulls, the principal
award for females being won by Mr. Amos Cruickshank, Sittyton. It was
not, however, until 1872 that a regular registered herd was started, when Mr.
A. M. Gordon acquired from Mr. Cruickshank the Clipper heifer Charity
2nd by Scotlands Pride 25,100. The descendants of this cow include Pride
of Morning 64,546, breed champion at the Highland in 1894; Buttermilk,
female champion at the Highland in the same year; Corner Stone 68,406,
breed champion at the Highland in 1899, when 1500 was refused for him; and
Sportsman, reserve champion at the Highland in 1900. The Newton herd
was first brought into real prominence by the great show-yard successes of
Year No. Average Total Highest price Purchaser
450
£ s d £ s d £ s d
1883 12 43 6 3 519 15 0 73 10 0 Mr. Merson, Craigwillie.
1884 20 39 15 11 795 18 0 59 17 0 Mr. Jamieson, Waterton.
1885 21 37 7 6 784 17 6 69 6 0 Mr. Henry, Rosshire.
18864 13 28 5 4 367 10 0 39 18 0 Mr. Wilson, Pirriesmill.
18875 7 24 6 0 170 2 0 37 16 0 Mr. Turner, Cairnton.
1888 31 36 15 0 1139 5 0 85 1 0 Mr. Willis, Bapton Manor.
1889 28 45 6 9 1269 9 0 116 1 0 Mr. McWilliam, Stoneytown.
1890 42 36 16 0 1545 12 0 95 11 0 Mr. Durno, Jackstown.
18916 13 12 7 1 160 13 0 21 0 0 Mr. Reid, Danestone.
1892 23 34 19 4 804 6 0 99 15 0 Lord Rosebery.
1893 21 50 15 0 1065 15 0 162 15 0 Lord Rosebery.
1894 30 49 10 6 1485 15 0 115 10 0 Mr. Garne, Aldsworth and Mr. Gilmour, of Montrave.
1895 24 79 8 1 1905 15 0 246 15 0 Mr. Philo. L. Mills.
1896 27 70 6 2 1898 8 0 315 0 0 Mr. Philo. L. Mills.
1897 27 60 4 0 1625 8 0 210 0 0 Mr. Philo. L. Mills.
1898 24 80 9 1 1930 19 0 262 10 0 Mr. Philo. L. Mills.
1899 20 123 18 0 2478 0 0 320 5 0 Duke of Northumberland.
1900 19 150 8 6 2858 2 0 372 15 0 Mr. Philo. L. Mills.
1901 20 157 11 0 3151 1 0 682 10 0 Sir W. Wills, Bristol.
1902 18 115 15 10 2084 5 0 262 10 0 Mr. Morrison, Fingask.
1903 22 144 2 9 3171 0 0 493 10 0 Mr. Garne, Aldsworth.
1904 18 226 12 6 4079 5 0 651 0 0 Mr. Philo. L. Mills.
1905 16 186 8 9 2983 1 0 493 10 0 Mr. Mitchell, Boquhan.
892 10 0 Mr. Mitchell, Boquhan.
Table 11.2: Results of annual sales of Collynie bull calves.

1906 18 304 15 10 5486 5 0 871 10 0 Mr. Deane Willis.
840 0 0 Mr. Leopold de Rothschild.
1907 17 409 16 3 6966 17 0 787 10 0 Messrs. F. A. and E. H. M. Denny.
CHAPTER 11. THE BREED IN SCOTLAND
11.26. MR. WILSON, PIRRIESMILL 451
the Collynie-bred Mario 51,713the first Scotch bull to appear in show-yards

of England, and one that brought out conspicuously the heavy flesh and
substance of the Scottish Shorthorns. His victories, as noted, included the
championship at the Royal. There are still many descendants of this bull
in the herd. Probably the greatest sire used at Newton was Star of Morning
58,189, the sire of the Highland Societys champions of 1894 and 1898, not
to mention others; and a cross of the Star in the pedigree of an animal is
still a strong recommendation to breeders. This bull was followed by the
celebrated Corner Stone, the sire of Newton Stone, sold in the Argentine
for 2700, and the stock of which realised over 30,000 at public auction. The
herd at present numbers about seventy, largely of the Sittyton Clippers, and
the stock bull is Brilliant Star 76,240, a red son of old Star of Morning, and
a well-known show bull. Along with the New- ton herd may be mentioned
the herd of Mr. Gordons son, Mr. A. T. Gordon, Combscauseway, founded
in 1900 by a purchase of a descendant of the original Newton foundation,
Charity 2nd. The Combscauseway cattle have taken a prominent place at
national and local shows, and at a draft sale in 1906 an average of 126 was
made.
11.26 Mr. Wilson, Pirriesmill

The herd of Mr. John Wilson, Pirriesmill, has also worked itself far into the
fabric of Scotch Shorthorn breeding. The present herd was first seriously
started in i888, when four old cows, all in calf, two Secrets, a Crescent or
Crocus, and a Lavender, were acquired from the late Mr. Amos Cruickshank,
Sittyton. Previous to this Mr. Wilson had purchased a Bridesmaid at the
late Mr. Marrs sale, at Cairubrogie; three Claras, and a Marigold at the
sale of Mr. James Bruces 2 K herd at Burnside, Fochabers; and a Janet at
Mr. Cantlies sale at Keithmore, Duiftown. Besides these there are repre-
sentatives of the Julias or Beaufort Waterlilies, the Upper- mill Missies and
Roan Ladies, the Elizas, the Fairy Queens, the Jnverquhomery Rosewoods,
etc. The Claras and Brides: maids have a high reputation on account of
their show-yard career; while it may be remarked that four of the Lavender
family have been sold within the past two years for 830 gs., the highest
price being 280 gs., paid by Mr. Duthie. Janis- sary 3rd 74,762, of the
Janet family, was grandsire, of Lord Lovats 1500 gs. bull, at Perth, in 1906,
Broadhooks Champion 91,059; while an Eliza heifer, sold to His Majesty
the King, became the dam of the Windsor bull Evander 95,106, first- prize
yearling at the Highland in 1907. The most potent bulls used in the herd
have been Sovereign 61,841, bred at Sittyton; Prince of Fashion 64,587, by
Scottish Archer 59,893; Prince of Sanquhar 71,251, bred by Messrs. Law,
and purchased from Mr. Wilson, by Mr. Willis, who kept him for a year,
when he was bought back to Pirriesmill; and the Uppermill-bred Missie
bull Golden Star 76,799. The present stock bulls are Golden Hero 91,857,
purchased from Mr. Reid, Cromleybank, at Perth, in 1901, for 300 gs.;
the home-bred Earl of Elgin 91,589 by Prince of Sanquhar, and out of the
granddam of the Kings yearling bull, and a home-bred yearling by a former
stock bull, Sittyton Champion 82,349, and from a Bridesmaid cow. Besides
the stock bulls the 1907 herd contains forty-eight cows, two two-year-old
heifers, seventeen yearling heifers, fifteen heifer and twenty-two bull calves.
11.27 Mr. McWilliam, Stoneytown
Mr. James McWilliam, Stoneytown, Banffshire and Garbity, Morayshire, is

among the best known breeders of Shorthorn cattle in Scotland, and his herd
enjoys a high reputation. As evidence of this it may be recalled that at the
latest home sale, held in 1905, an average for all ages of cattle was made of
I’77 5S. 3d. ; while at Perth sale, in 1907, his young bulls made an average of
/i 59 19s. Mr. McWilliam has been an active breeder of Shorthorns for about
thirty-five years, but his name is perhaps most closely associated with the
show-yard record of the famous family of Uppermill Goldiesa record which
has added greatly to their value as a family. The Goldies are the oldest
family in Mr. McWilliams herd. Goldie 17th was acquired at Uppermill
in 1875, and among her nine calves was Golden Wreath by Mr. Bruces
(Burnside) Favourite 41,528, a bull which was first at the Highland Societys
Show at Perth, in 88o. Golden Wreath, among other honours, won first
prize at the Inverness Highland in 1883, while Gold-digger 51,340, a son of
Goldie 17th, was a great prize-winner in the north while in the possession of
Mr. Mackenzie, of Braelangwell. Among the eleven calves of Golden Wreath
were Golden Gift and Golden Gem, both by Democrat 55,56o, the former
second as a two- year-old at the I-Iighland in 1891, and second as a cow in
1892, when she was purchased by Mr. Maclennan for the Argentine ; and
the latter, first at the Highland as a yearling in 1891. Another very good
tribe was founded by the purchase from Mr. Leith, Glengerrack, Keith, of
Heiress by the Uppermill bull British Leader 60,417, the dam of the cows
Hawthorn and Hazel, both sold to Mr. Jolliffe, and of Hilda, sold to Mr.
Leon, and which to Bright Stone 80,556 produced Hilda 2nd, first-prize two-
year-old at the Highland Societys Show at Glasgow, in 1905. The Sunbeams,
descended from Shuttlefeather by Shuttlecock 25,126, taken north by Mr.
Robert Bruce; the much-prized Princess Royals; the Kinellar Rosebuds; the
Gems, which did so well in the herd of the late Mr. Bruce, Pennan; and
the old Rettie tribe, descended from Rosalmond by Captain Barclays Sultan
5349, have also representatives in the very choice selection belonging to Mr.
McWilliam.
11.28. SOME OTHER HERDS 453
11.28 Some other herds

At Jackston, Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, tenanted by Mr. James Durno and his
forefathers since i8o6, Shorthorns have been kept since 1882, and the herd
now numbers fully eighty head. The foundation proper was Windsors Blos-
som and her heifer-calf Chief Blossom (first prize at Inverness Highland in
1883), purchased from Mr. Duthie, Collynie. From the Blossom family have
been bred, among others, the bulls Victor Chief, sold in the Argentine for
/’I6 o; Fascinator 88,569, the winner of thirty first and special prizes in
190506 at the Royal Dublin, the Royal, the Highland, and other shows, and
afterwards sold for IJI 500; Royal Victory, sold at eleven months old for 6oo
gs., and the show cow Favourite Blossom, at present in the herd. There are
also represented the Broadhooks, the Claras, the Missies, the Jenny Linds,
the Orange Blossoms (descended from an old Sittyton family), the Clippers,
the Brawith Buds, and the Augustas. The Bellonas have, among other repre-
sentatives, the thirteen-year-old cow Geraldine, now nursing her thirteenth
calf. From this family Mr. Durno bred Choice Goods 76,350, which was
champion at the Highland Show at Inverness, and other shows, and subse-
quently champion of Canada and of the United States, and sold in America
for /J2400. Another son of this cow, Good Gift, was sold at Birmingham
in 1906 at 85o gs., and Diamond Gift at Perth, at a year old, at 410 gs.
Golden Treasure 95,346, a grandson, was introduced by private treaty into
the Royal herd at Windsor last December. The herd also produced the great
show bull Royal Emblem 82,154, which was champion of the Royal Show,
and was sold in the Argentine for /3 230. The sires principally used in the
herd have been full of Cruick- shank blood, and include Claymore 46,093,
first prize yearling at the Highland Show at Stirling; Sittyton Fame 55,078,
champion at the Royal Northern and second as a two- year-old at Glas-
gow; Lord Douglas 64,313 by Gravesend 46,461; Pride of Collynie 75,248
by Pride of Morning, which stood second to Royal Duke at the Highland
Show at Edinburgh, when he was acquired for the Sandringham herd; and
Lord Lynedoch 74,900, a Miss Ramsden bull, by Sittyton Pride 67,939. At
present in the herd are the Missie bull Royal Mint 87,199 by Scotch Fancy,
and Baron Fyvie 94,185 by King Robert 76,962. During the last twenty-five
years direct exhibits from the herd have gained one thousand prizes despite
the extensive exportations, while other representatives have gained cham-
pionships at the Highland and the Royal, as also at the leading shows of
Canada and the United States.
The herd of Lord Lovat, Beaufort, Beauly, occupies a prominent posi-
tion, largely contributed by the very successful sales of young bulls in recent
years. in the early history of the herd the crops of bull calves were sold
privately for exportation, but since i885 they have been disposed of at the
sales at Perth, Inverness, and Birmingham. They have always been in great
demand. In 1900 the average was /’i88 9s. 6d., and in 1906 the record was
reached of /47 I 9S. for the Perth consignment, the highest price being
/91575 given for Broadhooks Champion by Master Millicent 84,080, a bull
bred by Mr. Earle, Aldbro, Darlington. Beaufort is the recognised head-
quarters of the Broadhooks family. The foundation of the herd in 1869 was
made by the purchase at Sittyton of Broad- hooks ioth by Champion of
England 17,526the most famous, perhaps, of the Sittyton siresand Julia by
the Keir bull Allan 21,172, a son of the champion Forth. There was little
departure from Sittyton blood until 1877, when, at Lord Dunmores sale, the
late Lord Lovat purchased the red-and-white bull Duke of ]3eaufort 38,122
from the fine cow Clear Star by Sixth Duke of Geneva. He was followed
by Dauntless 47,679, bred by Mr. Longmore, Rettie. The handsome bull,
Bannock- burn 49,035, bred by Mr. James Bruce, was used, and also Crown
Prince 51,048 and Daybreak, both bred by Mr. Duthie. The Undines, in-
troduced in 1875, produced Mr. Duthies stock bull Alastair; and the Fairy
Queens have given Beaufort Pride, champion female as a two-year-old at the
Highland Show in 1901. Other families include the Lady March, a branch
of the Shethin Mysies. Among products of the herd the bull New Years
Gift 57,796, stands out prominently, and has been referred to elsewhere.
He was most successfully shown by her late Majesty Queen Victoria, and
was sold at the Windsor sale in 1892 to Lord Feversham for Iooogs. At
the Paris Exhibition, in i888, a Broadhooks heifer from Beaufort was first
in her class. Both Booth and Bates blood were used in the upbuilding of
the herd, though latterly the sires have been more strictly of recognised
Scotch families. Outstanding among recent sires is Royal Star 71,502, bred
by Mr. Reid, Cromleybank, from a Roan Lady cow, and by the Butterfly
bull Belvidere 66,996. Master Millicent 84,080, sire of the Isoo-gs. Broad-
hooks Champion 80,171 ; the Collynie bulls Victor of Sittyton, by Wanderer
60,138, and Royal Victor 93,286, a Princess Royal by Scottish Fancy 75,601
; and the home-bred Prime Minister 84,355 by Royal Star 71,502, have been
among the sires more recently used. The herd numbers about eighty head,
of which well on to one-half belong to the Broadhooks family.
Shorthorns have been bred at Strowan, Perthshire, for over sixty years.
Lady Groat was purchased at the Keir sale as a calf. In 1872 the herd
was sold, with the exception of two favourite cows, Lady Groat and Lady
Willoughby. It vas not till i886, when the present owner, Captain Graham
Stirling, came to live at home that the herd was regularly started again.
Between i886 and 1896 the two principal events were the winning of first prize
at Perth Show and sale in 1891, with Strowan Marquis purchased for Lord
Rosebery, and in 1894 with Strowan Ensign purchased for Lord Rothschild,
both being descended from Lady Groat. In 1896 the late Mr. Graham
Stirling died, and the present owner paid his first and most successful visit
to the northern sales. At Uppermill he bought Clara 5 1st, in calf to Spicy
Robin; at Newton, the bull-calf Star of Dawn 71,681, and the four-year-old
Miriam, in calf to Star of Morning 58,189. Star of Dawn was champion of
the Highland in 1898, and Miriam bred, amongst other good calves, the cow
Maid Miriam by Star of Morning, and she became dam of the 6oo gs. first-
prize bull at Perth sale in 1904. Clara 51st bred, amongst others, the bull
Strowan Champion, one of the recent Collynie stock bulls. The principal
families of the Strowan Marchionesses, the Strowan Buttercups, the Newton
Miriams, and the Uppermill Claras. It should be noted that, at the Highland
Societys show, in 1900, there were shown from the herd, Sportsman 75719,
first-prize aged bull; Bright Star 74,1 i6, second-prize two-year-old bull, and
Strowan Buttercup 12th, third-prize cow.
The herds at Mains of Sanquhar, Morayshire, and Holl, Banffshire, were
founded by Mr. Arthur B. Law, Sen., at Holl, in 1871, by the purchase of
Grace 5th, bred by Mr. McKenzie, Barnhill, Dumfries. Descendants from
her have won female championships at the Royal Show, and at the highland
Societys Show. Later, a Lady Dorothy, a Chloe, and several other noted
females were acquired. Amongst a few of the more noted prize-winners
may be mentioned Graceful 3rd, champion female at Dumfries, Highland
and Royal Northern, Aberdeen; Sanquhar 63,336, a Grace bull, which was
champion at the Royal Northern Jubilee Show at Aberdeen (this bull was
the sire of Aggie Grace, champion female at the R.A.S.E. Show); Prince of
Holl 66,071, a Dorothy bull, which was first at Aberdeen, and was sire of
Prince of Sanquhar 71,251, 50 long used with great success in Mr. Wilsons
herd at Pirriesmill; Lord James 67,36J, a Chloe bull, winner of the Shorthorn
Societys prize at Aberdeen, and sold for South America. Lord James stock
did remarkably well at home and in the United States of America. He
was sire of Lord James Douglas, which was used in the herd and sold to
Mr. Handley, Greenhead, where he proved a great success as a breeder and
show bull. Frederick the Great 72,563, by Lord James and out of Aggie
Grace, was a great show bull, and bred the Highland Societys first prize
cow Bracelet 3rd. Star of the North, a Clipper bull also by Lord James,
was purchased by her late Majesty Queen Victoria, and was afterwards sold
to Mr. Forbes, Henry, Illinois, where he did much to improve his herd, his
stock getting the leading prizes at Chicago that year. Royal Hero, which
won first prize at the Highland Societys Show at Aberdeen, did great service
as a breeder in Chili. Sanquhar Stamp, a Grace bull, at present in use in
Senor Cobos herd in South America, was sire of the Champion bull at the
Palermo Show last year. At the Highland Societys Show at Perth in 1896,
there were three firsts, a second, and a fourth gained by the herd, and in 1902
animals purchased from and belonging to these herds gained three firsts at
the Highland at Aberdeen, one first at the Royal English Show, and a first at
Toronto, Canada. Sales from the herds made the following averages :In 1900
sixty-three head averaged /49 3S., and in 1904 fifty-three head averaged Ii
104, and in 1907 forty-five head averaged /68 19s. 6d.
In Mr. J. B. Mansons herd at Kilblean, Old Meldrum, the principal tribe
is the Beauties, now generally known as the Kilblean Beauties, all tracing to
the cow Beauty 3rd, purchased at Kinaldie dispersion in 1872. This tribe
has produced many famous prize-taking animals, the most notable being
Count Beauty and White Heather, which won the champion prizes at the
shows of the R.A.S.E., and throughout Scotland, England, and Ireland, for
several years. They were exhibited by Mr. Deane Willis, and bred by Mr.
Manson, from Beauty 24th.
A herd which has come well to the front is that of Mr. James Durno,
Westertown, Aberdeenshire, formed in 1872 by the purchase of a Myrtle
heifer at the Kinaldie dispersion. The family has done very well in Mr.
Durnos hands. One of its members, Diamond Marksman, made 500 gs. at
Perth sale in 1907. There are also in the herd Sittyton Clippers, Miss Rams-
dens, Charlotte Cordays, Nonpariels, Uppermill Missies, etc. The average
prices for bulls at Perth sales have been in 1905, /i 5s. for five; in 1906,
/232 i8s. 6d. for twelve; and in 1907, /268 i6s. 6d. for eight. The present
stock bulls are Diamond Mine 83,296 and two young bulls by him. One of
the Westertown bulls, Diamond Bank 91,469 by Diamond Mine, sold in the
Argentine as a two-year-old for /1750.
The herd of Messrs. Peterkin, Dunglass, Ross-shire, was founded in
i868 by the purchase of the Brawith Bud cow, Queen 2nd. The produce
of this cow and of another Brawith Bud cow from Beaufort, the Jessicas
from Collynie, and the Rubys from Pennan, form the principal part of the
herd. Sires selected from Collynie, have been generally used, and such bulls
as Chamberlain 60,461, Merry Hampton 73,063, and Collynie Conqueror
78,609, attained great reputation as breeders. Among animals bred in the
herd may be mentioned Beau Ideal 63,685, 50 sLlccessful as stock bull
at Heatherwick; Roan Conqueror 84,519 by Collynie Con- queror 78,609,
which in the hands of Mr. Marshall, Stranraer, was first at Belfast in 1903,
and first and champion at the Royal Dublin and Highland Shows in 1904;
Lord Dunglass, in the hands of Messrs. Lumsden et Mackenzie, Hunting-
towerfield, Perth, and Conquerors Heir, in the hands of Mr. Maclntyre,
Findon. Members of the Queen family have proved very successful in the
hands of Mr. Leon, Bletchley. Young bulls from the herd have averaged at
Perth sales, 1198 in 1903, /jio8 in 1904, I’95 ios. in 1906, and i6o 13s. in
1907.
It would be a grave omission were mention not made here of the herd
of the Duke of Richmond and Gordon. The herd has played an important
part in grading up many of the heads in the north-east of Scotland, mainly
through the annual sales which were held for a long series of years at Gordon
Castle. The herd was founded in 1842, by Charles, fifth Duke of Richmond,
who was from 1846 till his death in i86o, President of the Smithfield Club,
and who was publicly acclaimed by the Prince Consort as the farmers friend.
For many years the herd was one of the greatest strongholds in Scotland
of the Booth Shorthorns, and throughout its earlier history (the herd was
founded by the purchase at the dispersion of the stock of Mr. Boswell, of
Kingcausie, when the cow Lustre, by Second Duke of Northumberland 3646,

was purchased) Booth blood predominated, though since 189 [ Sittyton and
Collynie sires have been used. Many herds in Banffshire, Morayshire, and
Aberdeenshire xvere founded by purchases from the Gordon Castle herd.
Among the sires used were Royal Hope 32,392, Chief Officer 36,357, Baron
Colling 25,560, White Duke 32,849, Knight of St. Patrick 38520, Arthur
Benedict 40,986, Warrior Bold 52,321, and these were followed by bulls from
Sittyton and Collynie.
The herd of Mr. Robert Bruce, Heatherwick, Aberdeen- shire, founded in
1843 by a purchase from Sittyton, and now numbering about eighty-five, has
produced amongst others the bulls Prince Sunbeam, champion at Toronto
in 1904; Ajax, champion at the Inverness joint show in 1905, and champion
at Aberdeen Royal Northern in 1907, when eight years old; and Achilles, the
thousand guinea bull at Perth in 1907. Scottish Prince, sire of Linksfield
Champion, champion of Royal Dublin, Royal English, and Highland shows in
1907, was also bred in the herd. There had always been a very large infusion
of Sittyton blood into this herd, the old centre of Scotch Shorthorns having
been only a few miles distant.
The herd of Mr. J. Douglas Fletcher, of Rosehaugh, though of com-
paratively recent formation, has come to occupy a prominent place. It was
founded in i888 at the sales of Lord Lovat and Lord Feversham, and the herds
of the Earl of Bective and Mr. Campbell, Kinellar, were also resorted to for
female stock. Besides several of the leading Scotch families, Mr. Fletcher
has a number of Waterloos, Duchesses, Kirklevingtons, Chaffs (tracing back
to Magdalena by C. Coilings Comet), and other highly esteemed English
families. Mr. Fletcher has been very successful in crossing English female
strains with Scotch bulls. One of the most successful sires used in the herd
was Watchword 68,063, bred by Mr. Duthie, by Scottish Archer 59,893,
and out of a Gravesend dam. Mr. Fletcher is also an extensive feeder of
Shorthorn cattle for the Smithfield Fat Stock Shows.
Mr. C. M. Camerons herd at Balnakyle, Ross-shire, was founded in
1878 by the purchase of the cows Butterfly i8th of the Sittyton family of
that name, and Lady, descended from the stock of Captain Barclay of Ury.
It is, perhaps, not saying too much when it is stated that the making of
the herd was the purchase, in i886, from Mr. Cruickshank, Sittyton, of the
bull Merlin 54,715. This bull was used in the herd for eleven years. That
the herd has been all along reared on the most select lines may be gathered
from the fact that at a draft sale in 1906 an average was obtained of 12129
19S. 4d.
Mr. T. F. Jamieson, Mains of Waterton, Ellon, Aberdeen- shire, estab-
lished his herd in 1876, the principal families being the Brawith Buds, Se-
crets, Rosewoods, and Augustas. The principal sires used have been Moun-
tain Archer 70,146, Cayhurst 47,560, Topsman 63,447, Marquis 40,301, and
Millionaire 36,070.
Both in the sale ring and in the show ring the herd of Mr. A. Robertson,
Ballechin, Perthshire, is favourably known. His families of Tulips, Cherrys,
and Blossoms descended from his original purchase over thirty years ago,
have produced many well-known animals; while he has also been very suc-
cessful with representatives of the Emmelines and Rose- buds from Collynie,
the Rachels from Uppermill, and the Orange Blossoms from Westertown.
Mr. Robertson has used in his herd such bulls as the Sittyton-bred Daunt-
less, which is very closely related to the far-famed Marengo; Newton Stone
(a son of Mr. Gordons Corner Stone), sold in Argentina for 122620; the
Jackstown-bred Victor Chief, which sold, also in the Argentine, at 121650;
and the Barrelwell-bred Marquis, which made 122000 in the Argentine.
Mr. Craigie, Pennan Farm, Fraserburgh, commenced his herd in 1895,
and has used a number of valuable sires, among them Bell the Cat 60,354,
Daybreak 74,349, Cornelius 66,864, own brother to Corner Stone 68,406,
Marksman 70,946, by Scottish Archer 59,893, and Star of Scotland 90,232,
a bull of great merit. Sires used at Pennan Farm have gone to Bapton
Manor, Collynie, and Newton. The cows in the herd are also of the best
families.
In the host of Shorthorn breeders in Scotland other well- known names
suggest themselves. There are, for instance, the herds in Ross-shire of Mr.
Anderson, Ballachraggan and Mr. Inglis, Newmore. In Morayshire mention
should be made of the herds of Mr. H. M. S. Mackay at Burgie Lodge,
Forres, and Colonel C. J. Johnston at Linksfield, Elgin, in which the fa-
mous bull Linksfield Champion 86,401 was bred. In Banffshire, Colonel
Smith Grant, Minmore, owns a large and very valuable herd, while the Ab-
erdeenshire colony comprises, in addition to herds already mentioned, those
of Mr. R. Copland, Milton, Ardlethen, Ellon; Mr. Reid, Cromleybank;
Mr. Morrison, Phingask; Mr. Simmers, Whiteside; Mr. Merson, Craig-
willie; Messrs. Anderson, Saphock and Fingask, etc. Further south there
are Sir John Gilmour, Bart., Montrave; Messrs. Cameron, Westside, Bre-
chin, and formerly of Killen, from whose herds have been sold a very large
number of cattle; Mr. David Hume, Barrelwell; Mr. Malcolm, at the his-
toric home of the breed at Dunmore, Stirling; Mr. Robert Taylor, Pitlivie,
who has exported so many Shorthorns within the past half-dozen years to
South America, and who also owns a most extensive herd, having won cham-
pion prizes at the National Shows in England, Scotland, and Ireland; and
Mr. Duncan Stewart, Colonel Charles Munro, and Messrs. Lumsden and
Mackenzie, in the county of Perth; while in the south-west corner of Scot-
land much good work is done by Mr. Marshall, Stranraer, who is a very
large and successful exhibitor. Thus alike in the northern, in the midland,
and in the southern counties, the torch of Shorthorn breeding in Scotland is
kept brightly burning.
Chapter 12
The breed in Ireland
12.1 Its introduction

The date of the introduction of Shorthorns into Ireland is unknown. No
records as to the earliest importations have been preserved. It is, however,
believed by many who have taken some trouble to investicrate the matter,
that Sir Henry b Vane Tempest, of Wynyard, co. Durham, was the first to
send over the Teeswaters for the purpose of improving the cattle upon his
extensive estates in the north of Ireland. The dawn of the last century would
appear to be the period at which these Teeswater cattle arrived in Antrim,
because in a statistical survey of that county published in 1812, the Rev.
Mr. Dubour- dieu refers to the importation of Durham cattle to Glenarm
some years before that time, and describes them as being of the Shorthorn
breed from Collings, large and well-shaped, of a fine deep red colour mixed
with white, but reckoned too heavy for general use.
It is evident that the example of the Vane Tempests was soon followed by
others, for at the show held at Ballinasloe in 1812, by The Farming Society
of Ireland, there were ten Shorthorns entered for competition, the owners
being Sir Thomas Newcommen, Bart., the Hon. and Rev. Dean Bourke,
XV. G. Adamson, Travers Adamson, and John Trench.
Mr. Luke White, of Woodlands, county Dublin, ancestor of Lord An-
naly, purchased in 1818 the bull Agamemnon 9th, of the Bright Eyes tribe,
together with two heifers from Mr. Richard Booth, who then lived at Stud-
ley. Agamemnon was grandsire of the noted cow Isabella by Pilot 4967, and
was one of the earliest sires used by Mr. R. Booth. Mr. Win. Carr, in his
history of the Booth herds, described him thus Agamemnon, own brother to
Ariadne (dam of Anna), vas a bull of extraordinary substance, with good
hind quarters, heavy flank, deep t vist, and well-covered hips. These cattle
appear to have been the first of the Booth blood ever imported into Ire-
land, and Agamemnon was evidently an excellent pioneer for that famous
strain which has been poured into that country, to the great advantage of
459
460 CHAPTER 12. THE BREED IN IRELAND
her stock.
In the same year, 1818, Sir Robert Bateson, Bart., of Belvoir Park,
Belfast, began to form a herd of Shorthorns, which he bred with success,
obtaining many prizes in later years at the shows of the North-East Agri-
cultural Society of Ireland. Some of Sir Roberts stock were procured from
Mr. Wetherell.
The cattle in Ireland at that time were greatly in need of improvement,
and there was a very wide field for the labours of intelligent stockbreeders.
The general cattle stock of the country belonged to the class known as
the old Irish cow of mixed breeding, and varied colour and typered, black,
and brindled were very common colours amongst them. They were light
of flesh, good milkers, very slow feeders, and did not weigh more than five
hundredweight when finished for the butcher at four and often five years old.
The Kerry breed occupied its own native district, but did not then receive
much attention.
Previously to the introduction of Shorthorns an important effort to im-
prove the native Irish cattle had been made in Meath, Roscommon, and
other rich grazing districts by the importation of the English Longhorn. Lord
Westmeath had a very good herd of these cattle at Pallas, near Loughrea.
In the Agricultural Survey of Meath, written by Mr. Thompson, and
published in 1802, it is mentioned that from the introduction of a good bull
of the Longhorn breed the general stock of the county is now one-fourth
better than it was ten or twelve years ago. As proof of the popularity of the
Longhorn in Ireland in those early days it may be stated that Mr. Thompson
gives the prices paid for cows at public sales as from 56 to over ioo each. The
lovers of the breed failed, however, to maintain its supremacy in Ireland, and
it has gradually disappeared, even from its strongholds, to make room for
the Shorthorn.
Prior to 1820 Sir Harry Goodricke, who owned the estates in county
Louth which were afterwards the property of Lord Clermont, imported some
Shorthorn cattle from the herd of Mr. Thomas, near Chesterfield. He was
succeeded by Mr. Fortescue, who commenced his career as a breeder in 1824,
imported several animals from Nottinghamshire, and used a bull named
Studley, bred by Mr. Richard Booth.
Shorthorns were brought into many districts of Ireland about this period,
but there was little heed given to pedigrees, and records were very rarely
kept. Ulster led the way, as has been previously stated, but Leinster soon
followed. Mr. La Touche, of Harristown, co. Kildare; Mr. Robert Holmes,
of Moycashel, co. West Meath; Mr. Kearney and Lord Ross, of co. Meath;
Lord Cloncurry, and Mr. McClintock, and Mr. Archbold were chief among
those representing the early importers in the northern parts of Leinster.
In the southern districts of that province, the counties of Wexford and
Wicklow, Shorthorns were also introduced while this century was young.
The Earl of Courtown was the first who imported pure-bred bulls into the
12.1. ITS INTRODUCTION 461
county of Wexford, and the earliest of these whose pedigree was recorded
was Mr. Dentons Priam 4758. The herds of the Duke of Buccleuch and Mr.
Unthank, of Netherscales, supplied sires at a later period. In the district
of Enniscorthy, the first Short- horn of note was Wellington 5626, which
was imported with some heifers from his breeder, Mr. Baker Greenwell, of
Barmpton, near Durham, the locality where Mr. Robert Colling lived and
bred his celebrated herd. Wellington was let for service at a ten-shilling fee,
and the striking excellence of his stock was quite an advertisement for Short-
horns, and did much to make the breed popular in that part of Wexford.
Lord Fitzwilliam got hold of Wellington after he had spent several years
in Wexford, and used him with success in the herd which was established
in Coollattin Park, Wicklow. In the province of Munster, the counties of
Clare, Cork, and Limerick took the lead in the importation of Shorthorns.
Mr. Molony, of Kiltannon, Mr. Blake, of Corofin, and Mr. Healy, of Mogul-
lane, all in the county of Glare, xvere very early buyers. Mr. Fosbery and
Mr. John Christy imported good cattle into county Limerick; Mr. Pierce
Mahony brought some to Kerry, and Mr. Shinner, of Doneraile, was the
pioneer into the county of Cork.
The veteran breeder, the late Mr. Richard Welsted, of Ballyxvalter,

remembered the Teeswaters imported by Mr. Shinner, some of which were
purchased by his brother, who preceded him as owner of Ballywalter. They
were good cattle, and milked well, but their pedigrees were not kept, nor
were those of some well-bred Durhams which enterprising English dealers
occasionally brought overland sold by auction at central places, such as Cork
and Limerick. Mr. Healy, of Mogullane, co. Clare, held a sale on May 4,
1832, in which were included six cows, which were described as pure-bred
Durhams, imported by Mr. Molony, of Kiltannon. Mr. Welsted purchased
one of these, named Crumple Horn, and her bull-calf, together with a nurse
cow, paying /26 ios. for the lot. The bull-calf turned out well, was used for
several years, and attained a great weight when fattened. A farmer who met
the bull as he was being led into Buttevant for slaughter was greatly struck
with his size, and said to Mr. Weisted, I declare, sir, when I saw your fat
bull coming along the road I thought it was Buttevant barrack was moving
toxvards me.
In the West of Ireland, Lord Oranmore, co. Mayo, was one of the first
to import the Durhams, and contemporaneously into Galway Mr. Blake,
of Rynville, and Mr. Barry OHara, of Raheen, near Gort, introduced good
cattle into their respective districts. There are but sparse records relating
to their transactions, but yet they are sufficient to prove that several sires
were procured from the herd of Lord Althorp.
12.2 Importations from Chilton

In the autumn of 1829 there occurred an event of far- reaching importance
in the history of Shorthorn breeding. The great herd of Mr. Christopher
Mason, of Chilton, co. Durham, numbering eighty-eight head, was sold on
August 31 of that year. Fortunately for Ireland, several gentlemen of great
spirit and sound judgment attended the sale, and were large buyers; indeed,
they had the courage to carry away some of the very best animals, and to
travel them over the then tedious and risky journey from Durham to Ireland.
The Irish buyers at the Chilton sale were Messrs. Holmes, Adamson, La
Touche, Archbold, Cusack, OFarrell, and Cassidy. They purchased between
them thirteen females and four bulls, at a cost of 1,183 gs. Details of these
purchases will be given later on.
It may be useful here to notice the story of Jupiter 342 and his alleged
doubtful paternity, often used in disparagement of Mason and his herd. A
gentleman, who was frequently at Chilton, stated, in 1855, as recorded in the
Recollections in Mr. Thorntons Circular : I dont believe a bit of the story
of Jupiters origin. Burdonthe only servant who would have been trusted on
such occasionswas not likely to have kept any mishap secret from his master,
who certainly was not the man to have condoned it, for he was almost a
fanatic about purity of descent. The late Mr. William Wetherell, the Nestor
of Shorthorns, used to say that the Portia tribe was the best at Chilton, and
Portia herself was from a cow by Jupiter 342. The calumny, however, lived
long. As has already been shown, the truth as to Mr. Christopher Mason
is that he was one of the most distinguished breeders of his day. He was a
contemporary of the brothers Colling, of Mr. Thomas Booth, and of Mr.
Thomas Bates; he purchased from Mr. Charles Colling females of his best
blood, and also hired his bulls, and he carefully bred his herd of Shorthorns
at Chilton for over thirty years. He was esteemed by his contemporaries as
a first-rate judge, and was notoriously scrupulous as to the purity of blood,
and publicly found fault with Mr. Charles Coiling for infusing the alloy into
some of his cattle. So early as i8oi Mr. Mason won the first prize at the
Durham Agricultural Societys Show with his bull Irishman 329; and Mr.
Bailey, the Durham historian, wrote in i8io that Messrs. Colling and Mr.
Mason let bulls out by the year at 100 gs., that Mr. C. Colling had refused
500 for a cow, and that Mr. Mason in 1807 refused an offer of 700 for a cow.
It was very unfortunate for Mr. Mason that he felt it necessary to sell his
herd in 1829, for there was great depression in agriculture at that time, and
consequently the prices did not at all reach his expectations. Eighty-eight
head averaged only 64 OS. 3d., and this contrasted badly with the sales of
the herds of the brothers Colling, which vere held in far more prosperous
times.
The lots purchased for Ireland at the Chilton sale shall now be named.
Mr. La Touche bought Monarch 2324, a three-year-old bull, which Mr.
12.2. IMPORTATIONS FROM CHILTON 463
Mason considered the best he ever bred, for 270 gs., the highest price paid
at the sale. Monarch was by Satellite 1420, from a cow of Lady Maynards
tribe, which had been so famous in the herd of Mr. Charles Colling. Mr.
Archbold selected Driver, also a son of Satellite, at 33 gs.; Mr. OFarrell got
Herdsman, another son of Satellite, for 28 gs.; and the yearling bull Punch
went to Mr. Cassidy at 32 gs. Of the females, No. i, an eight-year-old cow,
the dam of Monarch 2324, and directly desended from Lady Maynard, the
granddam of Favourite 252, was purchased by Messrs. Adamson and Holmes
conjointly for 130 gs. Mr. Holmes secured No. 37, a year-old daughter of
No. i, for 125 gs. No. 6i, a calf three months old, of the same blood, and got
by Monarch, for 46 gs.; and No. 62, eleven months old, also by Monarch, for
40 gs. Mr. La Touche bought No. i6, four years old, a Lady Maynard, for
73 gs.; No. 28, a two-year-old Satellite heifer, for 6o gs. ; No. 31, another
Satellite, for 69 gs.; No. 38, a yearling heifer by Satellite, from Portia, one of
the best of the Chilton cows, for 78 gs.; and No. 44, a daughter of Monarch,
at the same price. Mr. Adamson purchased the coxv No. 8, five years old,
descended from Lady Maynard, for 52 gs.; No. 22, of the same tribe, for
35 gs. and No. 42, a yearling by Satellite, for 78 gs. Mr. Archbold bought
No. 17, four years old, of Lady Portias tribe, for 4 gs., and No. 26, a Lady
Maynard, three years old, at 37 gs. Mr. Cusack took home to Ireland No.
24, a three- year-old, also of the Lady Maynard blood, for 21 gs.
It was, indeed, a proud day for Ireland, and the great spirit shown by
her Shorthorn breeders in carrying away so many of the best animals from
Chilton surprised their brethren in Britain.
Several tribes, which subsequently made a conspicuous mark, originated
in certain of these purchases. For example, the Victoria tribe sprang from
the cow No. i ; the Britannias, from No. 8; and the Blooms or Blossoms,
from No. 22. To the last-named belonged the remarkable show bull Bolivar
25,649, who for years won every prize for which he competed, and whose
portrait is given in the eighteenth volume of Coates’s Herd Book.
The important purchases at the Chilton sale created quite a sensation
among the lovers of Shorthorns in Ireland, who went in numbers to see the
importations at their new homes. All were struck with the excellence of the
cattle, and the Mason blood came at once into high favour. Indeed, the
Chilton event, more than any other at that early period, exercised a huge
influence for good upon the future of cattle- breeding in Ireland.
Several Irish breeders made purchases later on from Captain Barclay,
Lord Spencer, and others, who had been buyers at the Chilton sale.
Some Booth animals had been imported, as already stated, by Mr. White
and others prior to the sale of Mr. Masons herd. Messrs. Booth and
Mr. Mason had bred for a somewhat similar type; they had taken to a
greater or less extent their blood from the Ketton and Barmpton stocks,
and there appeared, accordingly, no objection to the intermingling of the
two strains. Indeed, the Messrs. Booth had set the example, and had
introduced Masons blood into their herds through Matchem 2281, whose
sons, Young Matchem 2282, bred at Killerby, and Young Matchem 4422,
calved at Warlaby, were considerably used, and whose daughter, Maiden,
bred the renowned Mantalini.
The most distinguished among those vho early emulated the example of
Messrs. Holmes, La Touche, and Archbold, were Mr. Fox, of Fox Hall, co.
Longford, and Mr. Pollock, of Mountainstown, co. Meath. They imported
animals of very high class from Captain Barclay, the Messrs. Booth, and
John Colling.
The interest felt in the breeding of Shorthorns was growing wider every
day, and good blood was sought by breeders from various districts through
the country. There were two figures which in those days stood prominently
forwardMr. Robert Holmes and Mr. Robert La Toucheand it seems most
convenient to first deal with the proceedings of these and several other noted
early breeders.
12.3 Mr. Robert Holmes

Mr. Robert Holmes, of Waterstown, near Athlone, was a country gentleman
of good fortune. While very young he lost his father, and as he grew up
he often paid visits to many friends of his family in England. It happened
that several of these were very fond of horses and good cattle, and during
his visits to them he had the opportunity of seeing the Shorthorns in the
several districts in which he stayed. It was in this way that he became, at
an early age, fascinated with the beauty and the valuable attributes of the
Shorthorn breed.
After he became of age he xvent regularly every year to England, and
made the acquaintance of eminent breeders, such as Mr. Bates, the Messrs.
Booth, Maynard, Charge, Mason, and others. The first cow he bought was
Modish by Remus 550, which he got from Mr. John Booth, of Killerby, with
whose herd he was greatly pleased. The beautiful animals there may be said
to have given his taste a direction by which it was permanently influenced.
Modish proved a fortunate purchase, and she produced, among other good
animals, the noted sire Belzoni 783, which was calved in 1826. This bull
got excellent stock, and in after years his name was always welcomed when
exhibited in a pedigree.
Mr. Holmes had at that period several kindred spirits, fond of Short-
horns, to support him, among whom the most prominent were Messrs.
Archbold, La Touche, and Adamson. They went together to some impor-
tant sales in the north of England and bought animals from Mr. Champion.
Upon the dispersion of the celebrated herd of Mr. Christopher Mason, at
Chilton, in 1829, the Irish breeders, as already stated, were well to the front,
and they purchased some of the best lots offered on that eventful day. Mr.
12.3. MR. ROBERT HOLMES 465
Holmes made a splendid hit in securing a grand cow, No. i, for 130 gs., and
he also got No. 8 at 52 gs. for his herd at Moycashel.
Bulls were hired for some years from Killerby, and among them were
Augustus 1662 and Volunteer 1553, the latter being one which figures in the
pedigree of the celebrated Bracelet tribe. The herd of Mr. Whitaker was,
at that time, of great merit, and from Burley Mr. Holmes procured several
cows.
Mr. Thomas Barnes was a friend of Holmes, and really owed to him
the start which he received in breeding Short- horns. At one period they
jointly hired some very fine bulls from Mr. Richard Booth, of Warlaby. It is,
however, somewhat remarkable that when they both went to see Bucking-
ham 3239, son of the famous Bracelet, which was then to let, Mr. Holmes
declined to join Mr. Barnes in hiring him. Mr. Barnes would not give way,
seeing the grand calves at Warlaby got by Buckingham, and accordingly
took him entirely on his own account, but he was burnt on the voyage to
Ireland.
Mr. Holmes, however, really made his mark by his successful breeding
of the strains which came from Chilton. The yearling heifer No. 37 (got
by Satellite) in Mr. Masons sale was named Victoria, and from her and her
kindred have sprung a celebrated tribe. The second of the name xvas by
Belzoni 783, and the third was by Second Comet 5101, bred by Mr. Robson,
of Holtby.
The bull subsequently used to the Victorias was Prince Albert 11,933,
who was by Noble 4578 (Booth on Mason), dam Pink by Prince Paul 4827.
On his dams side Prince Albert xvent back to No. 8 at Masons sale by Dr.
Syntax. The Satellite blood was very strong in Prince Albert. Nobles dam
was by Monarch 2324, son of Satellite, his granddam was by Satellite, and
the dam of Prince Paul was Victoria, own sister to Monarch. It may be
added that Prince Albert and Prince Paul were winners of gold medals at
the shows of the Royal Dublin Society, at which Mr. Holmes was fond of
exhibiting. He was also a frequent winner of prizes at the meetings of the
Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland.
New blood was introduced into the herd at Moycashel by the use of Sir
John Sinclair’s 5196, a bull bred by Mr. Whitaker, and a son of that gen-
tlemans celebrated show winner Sir Thomas Fairfax 5196. Many breeders
considered that the breeding of Sir John Sinclair was not of sufficiently high
class to make him a desirable sire to use in a herd of illustrious breeding.
Certain of his offspring were unsatisfactory, and the cross, in the judgment
of some eminent breeders, did harm. Lord John 11,731 was the next bull
used by Mr. Holmes, and he was by Booths Hamlet 8126, and his great
granddam was Lady Sarah by Satellite, the intermediate crosses being New-
ton 2367Colling, Mason, and Crofton bloodand Emperor 37 i6, bred by
Captain Barclay. Objec- tion to the breeding of this bull would be utterly
impossible, descended as he was from Lady Sarah, the highest-priced cow
at Chilton, and with the recent crosses in his pedigree of choice blood. The
use of Lord John 11,731 was, however, not successful, as he did not seem to
suit the Moycashel cows; but fortunately Mr. Richard Booths Royal Buck
10,750, Baron Warlaby 7813, and Hopewell 10,332 came to the rescue, and
their stock came out in splendid form. The bull Jacob 13,079 by Hopewell
10,332 out of Victoria i8th, was for two seasons the unbeaten showyard win-
ner in Ireland. Other bulls used by Mr. Holmes were Scamp 13,674, Comus
12,625, and Broken Horn 12,500. Scamp was by Sir John Sinclair and his
dam was by Prince Albert; his granddam was by Dandy, a son of Mr. J.
Booths Volunteer, from Modish by Remus. Comus was by Collard 3419,
from Nymph, a daughter of Cactus, bred by Mr. Holmes, and descended
from No. 18 at the Chilton sale. Broken Horn was by Hamlet 8126, the
son of Mr. Booths famous cow Bracelet, from Crocus (by Second Comet
5 ioi), the dam of Duke of Bedford, winner of the gold medal at the Royal
Dublin Societys Show. Mr. Holmes Britannias originated in No. 8 at the
Chilton sale, and her daughter Britannia by Monarch 2324. The sires above
named were used to these as well as to the Victorias. Closely related as these
two families were, they curiously preserved their distinctive characters. The
Victorias, however, were greater favourites with the public; they were more
elegant and stylish in their looks, though not so large as the Britannias. The
late Mr. Thomas Barnes used to say that the Britannias were the better of
the two, and he always looked back with pleasure to the days when, to use
his own words, Robert Holmes had the best lot of Mason cows I ever saw
together.
These were Shorthorns of high class, and did much to make that line of
breeding known as Booth on Mason famous.
The sale took place on September 29, 1853. The Victorias and Britannias
were the great feature of the sale, which was conducted by Mr. Wetherell
and largely attended by breeders from Great Britain and America, as well
as from all parts of Ireland. The average price for the entire herd was 66
4s. The Victorias, twenty-four in number, averaged 8o I 5s. Mr. Alexander
bore away for Kentucky the Royal prize bull Baron Martin 12,444 at 150
gs., and paid the highest price at the sale, 275 gs., for Victoria 20th. For
Victoria 26th the next best price, 240 gs., was obtained. Victoria 15th
realised 120 gs., and her twin sister, Victoria i6th, 200 gs. Mr. S. Thorne
and Messrs. Becar and Morris of New York, were also purchasers. The
Duke of Montrose and Messrs. Cruickshank were chief among the Scotch
buyers, while England was enriched by the purchases of Mr. Edward Bowly,
Mr. Win. Carr, Mr. Harvey Combe, and other breeders of note. One of
Mr. Carrs selections, Victoria 8th, became the dam of Great Mogul 14,651,
winner at the Salisbury and Chester Royals.
Mr. Holmes was a frequent exhibitor at the shows of the Royal Dublin
and the Royal Irish Agricultural Shows, and for many years his animals were
successful in carrying off prizes at these meetings. His herd was one of very
12.3. MR. ROBERT HOLMES 467
great merit, and when Mr. William Wetherell paid it a visit, he declared
that Mr. Holmes had at Moycashel the finest lot of Mason cows he had ever
seen together.
The descendants of many of the animals purchased at Mr. Holmes sale

became celebrated throughout the kingdom. In Mr. Cruickshanks herd
at Sittyton the Victoria tribe held a high place, and some of the winners
which Mr. Deane Willis has sent with such success into the showyards were
bred from that strain. Victoria 23rd, a very beautiful heifer, was bought
by the Hon. Anthony Nugent (afterwards Lord Westmeath), and she bred
to Buckingham, a son of The Beau of Killerby, a grand showyard winner,
Victoria 3 5th, which, in Lady Pigots hands, made a prominent figure in the
English showyards.
Many of the Victorias remained in Ireland and made a creditable appear-

ance in several herds of distinction, such as those of Mr. James Anderson, of
Waterford, Mr. Welsted, of Ballywalter, and Mr. E. J. Smith, of Islanmore.
In the sale of the herd of the last-named breeder, held in 1875, there were
several handsome Victorias, one of which, a young cow of great substance
and excellent shape, fetched over 200 gs. Members of the Britannia tribe
were well known, and were very popular for many years in several good
herds, notably in that of Mr. P. J. Kearney, of Clonmellon, co. Meath,
where they were remarkable for their great scale and elegant character. Of
later date some of Mr. Holmes Victorias have found a home on the ances-
tral estate with Mr. T. L. Hodgins, who purchased the beautiful property
at Moycashel, and is breeding a few good cows from the original strain.
Mr. Thomas Barnes had a high opinion of the Britannias and of the
descendants of Mr. Masons Bloom by Satellite, from which tribe came the
celebrated prize bull Bolivar, which for years held the premier place at the
great shows in England.
Ireland owes a great debt to Mr. Robert Holmes, because he gave an

excellent example as a breeder of high-class stock, and thus stimulated many
gentlemen to engage in the pursuit of Shorthorn breeding, for which he was
quite an ardent advocate. His manners were charming, and his memory of
interesting events in the past, as well as his powers of recital of pleasant
anecdotes and reminiscences, made him a most agreeable and interesting
companion. He was held in esteem and regard by those among whom he
moved, and the farming public recognised his abi1ity, and felt grateful for
his services to the interests of agriculture. His departure for England, where
he decided to make his future home, was regretted by all who knew him
in Ireland. He died at Sydenham, near London, in 1870, some thirty years
subsequent to the date of the dispersion of his fine herd at Moycashel.
12.4 Mr. Robert La Touche

Mr. Robert La Touche had imported Shorthorns to his estate at Harristown,
co. Kildare, prior to the Chilton sale. Streamer 624, calved in 1813, was
the first bull brought over. He was got by the 1000 gs. Comet 155, and his
dam was very full of the blood of Favourite 252. The celebrated Monarch
2324 came to Harristown with the females purchased, as already stated, at
the Chilton sale, and, at a later date, Brilliant 1740 was imported from the
herd of Mr. Whitaker. Ganthorpe 2049, an excellent sire, the property of
Mr. Arch- bold, a neighbour of Mr. La Touche, was also used, and with
success. Mr. Robert Holmes Prince Paul 4827 was subsequently brought
to Harristown; he was white, got by Mr. John Booths Augustus 1662 from
Victoria, own sister to iVlonarch 2324.
Mr. La Touches herd made good progress, attained a high position, and
when Mr. W. Wetherell visited it, in 1840, he spoke in terms of high praise
of the Shorthorns he had seen at H arristown.
A great misfortune was, however, in store, because, in 1842, that dreadful
scourge, the lung distemper as it was then called, attacked, and almost
annihilated, the herd, whose owner was greatly shocked by the calamity.
Mr. Thomas Robertson assumed the charge of the Harris- town demesne
in 1845, and found there the remnant of the Shorthorn herd which had sur-
vived the disease. Mr. La Touche was now anxious to revive the faded glory
of his stock, and had secured the services of an agent who was competent
to carry out his wishes. Mr. Robertson went to the Shrewsbury show of
the Royal Agricultural Society, where he purchased nothing, but he had the
good fortune to make the acquaintance of Mr. John Booth, who invited
him to go to Killerby. He accepted the invitation, and was surprised at the
beauty of the animals, among which were those extraordinary cows, Bracelet
and Necklace, Mantalini and Birthday. Mr. Robertson made a purchase on
that occasion which was destined to prove historical, inasmuch as he bought
Polka and Pelerine, twin daughters of Mantalini, and got by the celebrated
Buckingham 3239, son of Bracelet. The price paid was Li I 5.
At Warlaby he secured, at 100 gs., the bull Leander 7132, bred by Mr.
Richard Booth, from the well-known Strawberry tribe. This sire was an
excellent getter, more particularly of heifers, few of his male offspring having
been specially remarkable.
One of the Killerby heifers, Polka, proved a pretty regular breeder, but
the other, Pelerine, bred only one heifer named Rose of Autumn, a daughter
of Sir Henry 10,824, who was by Narcissus 4540, and from Mistress Bertram
by Mr. Holmes Prince Paul 4827. Rose of Autumn was put to Stars and
Stripes 12,148, bred by Mr. La Touche, and got by Leander 7132 from
Frederica by Sir John Sinclair 5 i6 . The produce was a heifer called Ladylike,
the progenitrix of a large and good family.
Leander 7132 was succeeded as stud bull at Harristown by Collingwood
12.4. MR. ROBERT LA TOUCHE 469
8964, a very good-looking red yearling, which had won first prize at the
Boston show of the Royal Agri- cultural Society of England. Having been
used successfully for one season he became worthless, and was sent to the
butcher. The purchase of the sire to follow Collingwood proved singularly
fortunate. Mr. Robertson saw it announced that Velvet Jacket 10,998 was
for sale. This bull, bred by Mr. .John Unthank, of Netherscales, was,
while the property of Mr. A. Cruickshank, the first prize winner at the
Glasgow Society of the Highland and Agricultural Society, as well as at the
Royal Northern meeting at Aberdeen. Mr. Robertson, on learning that Mr.
Cruickshank asked only 1145 for Velvet Jacket, went at once to Sittyton
and secured him for service in Mr. La Touches herd. He was a bull of rare
character, particularly quiet, good in his handling, and very deep in his fore
quarters, but he was suffering from stringlialt. He proved a very impressive
and excellent sire.
The Harristown herd was, in 1851, in a very flourishing condition; there
were a number of capital young stock by Leander 7132, and the calves were
a promising lot. Mr. La Touche, however, suddenly decided upon selling
out. The time was most unfavourable; the agricultural interest was in a
very depressed condition, the results of the famine still bearing down upon
the country. Many of the cattle were sacrificed, but the dispersion proved
eventful and important, especially for the interests of Booth blood.
The sale was held on November , i8 i, and the Mantalini females proved
the chief attraction. The Hon. C. Nugent gave 70 gs. for Lady Collingwood
by Collingwood 8964, from Mr. Booths Polka, and she was subsequently
purchased by Lord Morich, in whose hands she won many prizes. That noted
judge, Mr. James Douglas, of Athelstane- ford, bought Rose of Autumn, a
very fine cow, for 63 gs. She was in calf to Velvet Jacket 10,998, and produced
in the May following Rose of Summer (portrait, Vol. XII., Coatess), one of
the loveliest heifers of her day, which won the three national first prizes in
1854, at Lincoln, Berwick, and Armagh. She xvas also shown at Paris in
1856, where Mr. Douglas refused an offer of 6oo gs. for her. Her daughter
Rose of Athelstane by Captain Balco 12,546, beat the three kingdoms in
1857, and was own sister to Sir James the Rose 15,290, winner of many
prizes and a famous getter of heifers, one of which, Queen of Athelstane,
sold to Lady Pigot for 500 gs., was never beaten. Mr. Douglas won first
prize at the Perth highland Society for Rose of Autumn, and sold her to
Mr. Frank Stewart for hi io after she had bred Rose of Sharon, a beautiful
cow, which won the first prize ribbons at the Highland Societys meeting at
Edinburgh, as well as at the Royal Irish Show at Dundalk. The success of
the descendants of Autumn in the herds of Mr. Pawlett, Lady Pigot, and
Mr. Staniforth, and others is matter of notoriety. At the Pawlett sale Rose
of Warlaby was sold to go to Storrs Hall at 500 gs.
Mr. Douglas bought at the Harristown sale Ladylike, the daughter, by
Stars and Stripes 12,148, of Rose of Autumn, for the moderate sum of 27
gs. He exhibited her with success at the Killarney show of the Royal Agri-
cultural Society of Ireland, where she passed into the hands of Mr. Rowland
Campion, at the sale of whose herd she was purchased by Mr. R.Webster,
of Ballywalter, co. Cork. Elfieda, a very good daughter of Ladylike, went to
Mr. George Allen, Unicarville, co. Down, and her descendants in his herd
were numerous.
The average realised at Harristown for twenty-three females was 22 19s.
ed., for seven bulls 28 is., and for forty head 23 175. 2d. Velvet Jacket was
sold to Major Barrows, co. Kildare, for 49 gs.
The breaking up of the Harristown herd at this period xvas a very un-
fortunate event. Velvet Jacket remained useful for many years, and would,
doubtless, judging from the success of Rose of Summer, have left a number
of animals which would have made a great reputation for Harristown, and
have shed lustre on Irish Shorthorns. After Rose of Summer had won the
three national first prizes in 1854, Major Borrows had an offer of 250 gs. for
Velvet Jacket, but he declined to allow him to leave Ireland.
12.5 Mr. Thomas Barnes

The county of Meath has been long famous as the home of high-class Short-
horns. Mr. Thomas Barnes, of Westland, near Kells, was looked upon as the
leading breeder in Ireland, after the retirement of Mr. Robert Holmes, who
was his friend and schoolfellow. Mr. Barnes began by purchasing some ani-
mals descended from the Teeswaters, imported by Lord Ross, and used Mr.
Holmes Prince George 2464. Although distemper carried off the bulk of
his Shorthorns in 1840, he was not dispirited or deterred by the misfortune.
He went to England to examine the best herds there, and was accompanied
by his neighbour, Mr. R. Chaloner, as already mentioned. They visited Mr.
Thomas Bates, at Kirklevington, and were not pleased with his cattle, but
they saw some herds of Mason blood which they liked. They went to see
Mr. John Booth, whose Shorthorns at Killerby formed, at that time, one
of the best small herds ever seen. The celebrated cows Bracelet, Necklace,
and Mantalini were there, and the Irish visitors were delighted with their
beautiful heads, all with drooping horns, as well as their elegant character
and almost perfect shapes. From Killerby they journeyed over to view Mr.
Richard Booths cattle at Warlaby, where they found a lot of grand, roomy
cows of high character and well fleshed, but not equal to those they had seen
at Killerby. Buckingham 3239, the son of iVir. John Booths Bracelet, was
in use, and proved himself to be the best getter of heifers in England.
Mr. Barnes considered the Booth cattle far the best he had seen, and
he was naturally anxious to bring some of them home to Westland. He suc-
ceeded in purchasing two heifers from Mr. John Booth. These were Modish
and Milliner, both got by Lord Stanley 4269, and respectively daughter and
12.5. MR. THOMAS BARNES 471
granddaughter of the beautiful cow Mantalini. This transaction occurred

in the year i Sz z , which may be regarded as the date of the foundation
of the great herd which Mr. Barnes skilfully bred, and which made his
name famous. Pauline was bought from Mr. Whitaker, of Burley-on-the-
Wharfe, and Lady Sarah, of Mason blood, dam of the magnificent cow Lady
Sarah, from his countryman, Mr. Pollock. Bright Eyes, of the same family
as Mr. Fawkes Bridegroom i 1,203; Bloom, a Mason cow of the Blossom
family, which produced the famous Bolivar; and Sweetbrier, a granddaugh-
ter of the prize cow Fair Maid of Athens by Sir Thomas Fairfax 5196, one
of Mr. Richard Booths Isabella tribe, were the only females subsequently
purchased. Mr. Barnes hired bulls from Killerby and Warlaby, usually in
partnership with his friend Mr. R. Chaloner. Buckingham 3239, the plain-
looking Bracelet bull, but first-rate getter, which they saw in use at Warlaby,
was the first hired by Mr. Barnes, but he was destined never to see Ireland.
The vessel in which he was shipped took fire crossing the Channel, and the
great bull was lost, as was Mr. Barnes herdsman, who had him in charge.
Roseberry 5011, bred by Mr. R. Booth, came next, and then Hamlet 8126
(like Bucking- ham, a son of Bracelet), Royal Buck 10,750, Baron Warlaby
7813, Hopewell 10,332, Monk 11,824, Windsor 14,013, Sir Samuel 15,302,
Harbinger 10,297, British Prince 14,197, Prince of Warlaby 15,107, British
Flag 19,351, General Hopewell 17,953, Ravenspur 20,628, Royal Sovereign
22,802, and King Richard 26,523 were all in use. What a galaxy! What herd
can show such?
Assuredly Mr. Barnes may well have been named the ”Booth of Ireland,“
and in this list are the names of many of the greatest Booth sires that ever
lived. Mr. Barnes exhibited for some years with success, and then retired
from the show yard, having won many of the highest honours. In 1855,
at Royal Dublin Show, he accomplished the great feat of winning the first
prizes in the yearling bull and heifer classes respectively with Australian
12,414 and Sylph, both by Hopewell 10,332, and both of the Mantalini tribe.
Baron Hopewell 14,134, also a prize winner, was sold to Colonel Towneley
for 300 gs., and Victoria, a daughter of Hopewell, went to Lady Pigot for 500
gs. Dr. McHale 15,887 by Monk 11,824 from Sylph by Hopexvell, won the
gold medal and Farmers Gazette Challenge Cup at the Royal Dublin Show.
He was let to Mr. W. Torr, of Aylesby, who hired subsequently The Druid
18,981, Lord Napier 26,688, and Royal Prince 27,384, all of the Mantalini
tribe. At the Aylesby sale in 1875 Bright Empress by Lord Napier was the
highest-priced lot, and fetched A2268. The Rev. Mr. Staniforth purchased
Strawberry and her heifer-calf for 700 gs. Mr. Cochrane, of Canada, and
several American breeders were occasionally buyers at Westland.
Mr. Barnes gave to the subject of breeding a great deal of thought. He
took the deepest interest in the pursuit, and so far back as 1854 contributed
to the Agriczdtzira/ Gazette a valuable article on close breeding and cross-
ing, in which he wrote: It is well known the most powerful influence of the
male animal appears to act where there has been a good pedigree, and that
males of imperfect or doubtful pedigrees have never, no matter what their
external form may have been, been safe stock getters. This is so universally
admitted that it is unnecessary to dilate upon it, and we shall find that all
the first-rate bulls that are celebrated in Short- horn history were all closely
bred, had few, if any, crosses, and propagated their own perfections to their
offspring with certainty. My object in these few remarks is to caution
the inexperienced breeder against adopting the crossing system. It will
be found to be attended with great danger, and seldom successful. Some
first-rate families of Shorthorns have been at once ruined by one injudicious
cross, and it is now time to guard against the evil. In-and-in breeding to
a great and unwise extent was first the practice; then the crossing system
followed. The breeder was directed to go any distance for a cross, and paid
dearly for his journey. Now the middle course is recommended, but as yet
no safe rule exists to direct the unlearned, and experience alone has a chance
of success.
In 1859 Mr. Barnes, seeing that the pure Booth Manta- linis were not
breeding so well as they should, decided to infuse some fresh blood. It will be
clear, from the quotation just given, that he was very sensible of the danger
of taking a cross, and that he would cautiously investigate and consider
every particular before making his decision in the matter. Having carefully
thought it out, he concluded that the cross of Mr. Boldens Third Grand
Duke 16,182, who, through his sire, had Booth blood, would be suitable.
Before making a final decision, however, he consulted that fine judge, Mr.
John Unthank, of Netherscales, who approved his choice, and regarded
Third Grand Duke as one of the best bulls living at the time. Mr. Barnes,
accordingly, sent one of his best Man- talini cows, Sylph, to this noble
Duchess bull at I 5 gs. fee. The produce xvas a heifer called Grand Duchess,
which grew into a large cow, somewhat different in character and style to
the pure Mantalinis. She was put to Mr. Booths British Flag 19,351, a
closely-bred bull of the Warlaby Strawberry tribe, and the produce, Grand
Duchess 2nd, was a handsome cow, which bred to Royal Sovereign 22,802 the
bull Royal Duke 25,014, which, though not large, was of excellent shape. He
was himself a Royal winner, and he begat winners at the Irish and English
Royal Shows. Mr. Barnes considered him the most perfect bull he ever
bred, and after i868 Royal Duke and other bulls of the Mantilini tribe, bred
at Westland, were used there.
Mr. Barnes died February 24th, 1871, in his seventy-fifth year. His herd,
numbering forty-four head, was sold by Mr. John Thornton, on August
23rd, 1871, under circumstances of great anxiety and difficulty. A large and
distinguished company assembled, and were distressed at seeing that the
cattle were attacked with foot-and-mouth disease. They were sold under a
condition that they should be delivered to the buyers recovered, and in good
health, but it was well known that evil effects often remain after apparent
12.6. MR. RICHARD CHALONER 473
recovery from foot-and-mouth disease, and, accordingly, several breeders

who came to buy did not bid at all. Had all been well, the sale would have
been a brilliant event in the history of Shorthorn breeding in Ireland, and
even under the very depressing circumstances the average was the highest
ever obtained in the sister Isle. Great interest attached to the sale of the
Manta- linis. The fashion was for pure Booth blood, and the cross of Bates
through Third Grand Duke was with many people unpopular. The biddings
reflected that feeling, and yet it was plain that the infusion of new blood had
made the cattle more prolific, for, while there were eight of the Mantalinis
with the Bates cross in the sale, there were only two of the pure sort. The
first Mantalini to enter the sale ring was the five- year-old Grand Duchess
3rd by Royal Sovereign, from Grand Duchess by Third Grand Duke. She was
suffering from the disease and looked badly, and went at 220 gs. to Mr. E. J.
Smith. Bracelet, two years old, from the same cow and got by Royal Duke,
looked handsome, and fetched 310 gs. from Mr. J. Downing, while Necklace,
two years, by King Richard from Grand Duchess 3rd (Mr. Smiths purchase),
was sold to Mr. G. Allen for 335 gs. The pure yearling heifer Manta- lini by
King Richard, was large and heavy fleshed, but rather steery in her head.
She elicited very spirited bidding from Mr. Booth and other admirers and
supporters of the pure Booth strain, but Mr. W. Bolton was the last bidder
at 750 gs., and he also took a heifer-calfa freemartinfrom the same dam as
Mantalini at 72 gs. The high price realised by the pure Mantalini was very
gratifying to the advocates of close breeding, but she, unfortunately, never
produced a calf. The King Richard heifers were particularly good. They
were all young, and had not lost their bloom. One of them, Brunette, of
the Bright Eyes tribe, made 105 gs., and another, Richards Rose, brought
100 gs. The Mantalini bulls were good, and all had the infusion of Bates
blood. Lord Spencer (aged) went to A. Mitchell at 7 gs.; White Duke to Mr.
G. Atkinson at i6o gs.; Favourite to Mr. Pole-Gell at 190 gs. Thirty-three
females averaged Li 10 ios. 8d.; eleven bulls averaged L7 I 4s. 2d. The ten
Mantalinis made an average of 234 7S. 2d.
12.6 Mr. Richard Chaloner

The county of Meath has been fortunate in being endowed with good pas-
tures, and in having had within its borders, from time to time, able men
who engaged with energy and enterprise in the pursuit of Shorthorn breed-
ing. Prominent among those was Mr. Richard Chaloner, of Kingsfort, near
Kells, who laid the foundation of his herd about the year 1838. The charm
of his manner was unique; nobodywas more popular and nobody did more
to advance the cause of Shorthorn breeding in Ireland during the period of
forty years that his herds flourished. His personal influence in Irish agri-
cultural circles was enormous. Shortly after the establishment of his herd
he purchased from Mr. Robert Holmes the bull Prince Ernest 7366, whose
get, which were uniformly successful, soon placed him in the position of a
breeder of note. Prince Ernest was by Second Comet, a bull of Booth blood,
and his dam was by Prince Paul by Booths Augustus from Victoria, own
sister to Masons Monarch, which was one of the females selected by Mr.
Holmes on the memorable occasion of the dispersion of Mr. Masons herd
at Chilton in 1829. Mr. Chaloner exhibited successfully at the shows of the
Royal Irish Agricultural Society and of the Royal Dublin Society.
Buyers soon came to Kingsfort, and among the sales was that of Fanny
1st (to Lord Dufferin), which subsequently won the prize as best cow at
the Royal Irish Show, at Derry, in 1847. Lord Dufferin also purchased from
Kingsfort Lady Mary by Prince Ernest, and she produced a number of win-
ners at the Royal shows in Ireland.
In his purchase of females Mr. Chaloner mainly went for Booth, Booth
on Mason, the Sylph by Sir Walter tribe, and the Heath Roses of Torr
and Ostler blood. From his neighbour, Mr. Thomas Barnes, he got Miss
Warlaby, of the pure Booth Mantalini tribe, an own sister of Baroness by
Baron Warlaby 7813, the dam of Baron Hopewell, sold to Colonel Towneley.
From Aylesby Manor came Lady Fanny by the KillerbyHamlet,the son of
Bracelet, her dam being of the famous Portia sort, of Chilton fame. Her
daughter, Lady Portia, was also bred by Mr. Torr. The Campanula tribe of
Mason blood furnished several females, including Favourite by Bright 1739,
purchased from Mr. Fawkes, of Farnley Hall. This cow bred Field Marshal,
a prize bull sold for 200 gs. to Lord Waterford and another first-rate bull,
Fugleman, sold to Colonel Leslie.
Mr. Chaloner attended Lord Spencers sale in 1847, and made a fortunate
selection in the purchase of Bon Bon by Orontes 4623, out of Syiph, the noted
Arbuthnot cow, by Sir Walter 2637. Crossed with Booth bulls this cow bred
grand stock, among which was Barley Sugar, purchased by Mr. Torr, and
shown when in his tenth year at Grimsby, where he won first award, beating
the prize bull in the aged class at the Royal Show at Warwick. Another
celebrated son of Bon Bon was The Baron 13,833, sold to Mr. Tanqueray,
and afterwards acquired by Mr. Cruickshank. Her daughters, Bonny Lass
and Bon Bon 3rd, were magnificent cows.
Another Sylph purchased was Primrose, bred by Earl de Grey, and in-
heriting the Duchess blood, a rare thing in a herd such as this, through Mr.
Bates Fourth Duke of Northumber- land. Heath Rose by Baron Warlaby
came from Aylesby Manor, and was a very neat cow, whose pedigree ran
back through Mr. Ostlers herd, and that of Mr. Smith, of West Rasen.
Julia by Hopewell, out of the grand cow Lady Sarah by Burley Fairfax, was
bought from Mr. Thomas Barnes. She was descended from Masons magnif-
icent cow Portia, and was half-sister to the prize bulls Emperorsire of Mr.
Barcrofts Sir Colinand Clydesdale, owned by Lord Talbot de Malahide.
The sires used at Kingsfort were the best that Killerby and Warlaby
12.6. MR. RICHARD CHALONER 475
could afford, and were hired conjointly by Mr. Chaloner and his neighbour,
Mr. Barnes. This was a convenient arrangement, as well as being eco-
nomical, because Westland, Mr. Barnes residence, was close to Kingsfort.
The Booth sires used by Mr. Chaloner up to I 86o were Mr. John Booths
Hamlet 8126, Mr. Richard Booths Baron Warlaby 7813, Royal Buck 10,750,
Hopewell 10,332, Windsor 14,013, Harbinger 10,297, Sir Samuel 15,302, and
Mr. Barnes Dr. McHale 15,887, winner of the challenge cups and the gold
medal at the Royal Dublin Show, 86o.
The fame of Mr. Chaloners herd became videly spread, and customers
came not only from England and Ireland, but from abroad. Mr. Richardson,
of the United States, purchased five females for 725, and a gentleman of the
same name, Mr. Jonathan Richardson, of Glenmore, near Lisburn, bred
from the cow Lily by Baron Warlaby, which he bought from Mr. Chaloner,
the celebrated Soubadar 18,901, who won several Royal prizes and was one
of the best bulls living in his day; many judges of eminence thought he was
the best of his time.
Mr. Chaloner, in the spring of 1860, decided to hold a sale of his entire
herd, and this took place in July, 1860.
The outstanding feature of the sale was the high prices paid for the pure
Booth Mantalinis. Miss Warlaby, eight years old, fetched the highest price
of the day, Mr. Waldo paying 335 gs. for her. Her heifer-calf, May Queen,
went at 200 gs., and her yearling son, Sheet Anchor, at 330 gs.
The sale was entirely satisfactory. The result was that forty-one females
averaged 86 3S., and eight bulls averaged 87 I 3s. The total sum realised
was 4147 lOS.
Very soon after this Mr. Chaloner was found seeking for the foundations
of a new herd. In the September of that year Mr. Dudding, of Panton,
Lincolnshire, dispersed his well- known collection of Shorthorns, which in-
cluded quite a large number of heifers of rare merit by Mr. R. Booths Baron
XVarlaby 7813. Of the Sylph tribe, which had done so well at Kingsfort,
there were several lots among the Panton herd, Mr. Torr bought one of
these, Lady Mary Bountiful for 120 gs., and Mr. Chaloner secured her
daughter, Lady Louisa Bountiful, at 270 gs. Then arose, however, in her
case what has been often termed the cruel irony of fate, for this handsome
heifer, of well-proved pedigree, which had been so successful at Kingsfort,
disappointed his hopes. Mr. Chaloner then went to his friend Mr. William
Torr, of Aylesby, in search of some animals which would contribute to the
foundation of his new herd. From Mr. Torr he got members of Mr. R.
Booths Anna family; also of the Bates Waterloo, the Aylesby G., and of the
Flower and Wharfedale tribes. The Studley Isabellas came from Farnley
Hall, and some Sylphs from iVIr. Jonas Webb, of Babraham. Animals of
Mr. Robert Holmes Victoria tribe of Mason blood were also secured from
breeders in Ireland. The use of the finest bulls from Warlaby was continued:
British Flag 19,351, Ravenspur 20,628, and Royal Sovereign 22,802, were
all of the famous Strawberry tribe, and King Richard 26,523a Blisswas by
Commander- in-Chief 21,451, the first-prize bull at Leicester, and from Lady
Grateful, own sister to the Royal prize cow Lady Fragrant.
Mr. Chaloner’s success at the shows was continued and maintained in
the highest place. One of the cows which came from Aylesby Manor was
Village Rose by Blood Royal 14,169, by Mr. Boldens Duke of Bolton 12,738,
a son of the 1000 gs. Grand Duke 10,284, and from one of Mr. Richard
Booths cows. This prolific cow bred grand stock, and among them vas Mr.
Chaloners Sovereign 27,538, winner of the Towneley Challenge Cup at the
Royal Dublin Show, in 1867, and the Railway Plate in i868.
In the spring of 1869 this second herd numbered about fifty head, and
Mr. Chaloner instructed Mr. John Thornton to sell it on March 30th. The
fame of the blood of the herd, so carefully collected and so skilfully bred at
Kingsfort, attracted a distinguished company, which comprised some buyers
from abroad.
The average for thirty-seven cows, heifers, and heifer- calves was 5 I I
5s. id., and for ten bulls and bull-calves 41 i6s. iod.
After a short interval, Mr. Chaloner set himself to the task of forming a
new herd, the third, which was destined to be his last. He, as usual, exerted
great care and judgment in his purchases, which comprised three strains
of bloodthe Mason through the Louisa and Telluria tribes, the Arbuthnot
Sylph, which was then classed among the Knightleys through the Sweath-
earts, and the descendants of Lady Bountiful. The Louisas were descended
from Rose de Meaux by Collard 3419, one of the finest cows that came to
Ireland. From Aylesby he got the Tellurias, large animals, much liked by Mr.
Torr, which were descended from Telluria 2nd, bred by Colonel Towneley,
and tracing back to Lord Spencers high. priced cow Telluria by Orontes, the
sire of Bon Bon. The Sweethearts of the Sylph tribe hailed from the well-
known herd of Mr. G. M. Tracy, in Kent. Two Sylphs coming from Lady
Bountiful by Usurer 9763 were purchased privately from Mr. Torr. The
old Nancy tribe, bred at Kingsfort since 1835, had several representatives.
The best bulls came, as before, on hire to Kingsfort and Westland, the latest
being King James 28,971, Lieutenant-General 31,600, out of the magnificent
cow Soldiers Daughter, Bright Baronet 37,891, and Royal Baron, the two
last named belonging to the Bright tribe, purchased by Mr. T. C. Booth at
the Aylesby sale in 1875.
Mr. Chaloner, who had long ceased to exhibit females, continued to show
bulls with all his former success. The Towneley and Railway Cups were both
won outright, and he handsomely presented the former to the Royal Dublin
Society, when it was renamed the Chaloner Plate. It was decided in 1878 to
hold another sale, and Mr. Chaloner arranged to dispose of his entire herd
except one tribethe Alma, descended through Medora by Ambo, from Mr.
R. Booths Isabella. The famous Anchor 32,947, bred at Kingsfort, was from
Alma 2nd. The thirty-nine lots averaged 39 14s. id.
12.7. MR. J. G. GROVE 477
He was not spared to form another herd. He died on November 30,

1879, aged sixty-nine years. His charming personality and genial manners
endeared him to all who met him, and his loss has been greatly felt by the
Shorthorn breeders of Ireland.
His nephew, Mr. Claud Chaloner, afterwards kept a choice herd, con-
sisting chiefly of the Isabellas and Portias.
12.7 Mr. J. G. Grove

One of the ablest and most accomplished men that ever bred Shorthorns in
Ireland was Mr. J. G. Grove, of Castle- grove, on the shores of Lough Swilly,
in the county of Donegal. For many years he was known as Mr. J. G. Wood,
but he assumed the name of Grove owing to the inheritance of an estate.
He had a liberal and high-class education, was fond of Shorthorns, and was
gifted by nature with that keen eye for form which is essential for success.
He was, indeed, not an ordinary person, because he was particularly dis-
tinguished for qualities which go to make the ideal Shorthorn breeder, in
whom the faculty of acute perception must always have a prominent and
well-developed existence. Mr. Grove had friends in the north of England
with whom he often stayed, and having taken a liking for Shorthorns he
made it his business to become acquainted with leading breeders. He went
to see Mr. Bates and his herd at Kirk- levington on several occasions, and
he visited lVlessrs. Booth at Killerby and Warlaby, as well as many other
breeders of high repute at the time, some of whom cultivated cattle of Mason
blood. He appreciated the good qualities of the several strains, and while he
formed a preference for the Booth type, he was impressed with the specially
good features of both the Bates and the Mason blood. He accordingly ap-
proved of a Booth pedigree which had infusions of Bates and Mason strains,
and he, therefore, bought Norma, of the Warlaby Fame tribe, from Sir Har-
vey Bruce. Norma was by Druid 10,140, a son of Baron Warlaby. Her dam,
Little Red Rose, by Petrarch 7329 (an extraordinarily good bull, and one
quarter Booth), was from the large and noble cow Florence by SeGond Duke
of York 5959 (a son of the famous Duke of Northumberland), and out of Mr.
Richard Booths Fame. Florence was thus of mixed Bates and Booth blood,
and she was a cow of great substance and style, with superb quality of flesh
and hair. The Castlegrove Fame tribe were, generation after gene ration,
remarkable for their superlative beauty of type, and for their excellent hair
and handling. Indeed, at their greatest period they were among the best
Booth tribes in existence.
In the fifties Mr. Grove secured two females of pure Booth blood t
a moderate price. These were Bonnet by Bucking- ham 3239, and Wide
Awake by Royal Buck 10,750, both bred by Mr. John Booth, of Killerby.
Wide Awake had been sold at a low price at the Killerby sale in 1852, a
period of bad prices, owing to the then existing depression in agriculture.

At the sale of Mr. Richard Chaloners herd at Kingsfort, co. Meath, in
i86o Mr Grove bought Hoya Bella by Har.. binger, of Mr. Torrs Heath
Rose tribe, and a cow by Hamlet, directly descended from Mr. Masons
celebrated Lady Sarah by Satellite. These four tribesthe Bliss, the Fame,
the Lady Sarah, and the Heath Rosewere the leading families at Castlegrove,
but the herd comprised other animals of comparatively inconsiderable note.
Mr. Grove was on friendly terms with Mr. Richard Booth, and ob-
tained on hire some of the best of the Warlaby bulls. Sir Roger 16,991,
of the Strawberry tribe, though not much to look at, got some excellent
stock. Prince Arthur i too, was the sire of first-rate offspring, as also was
King Arthur 13,110, bred at Killerby from that exquisite cow Venus Victrix.
British Crown 21,322 got some very grand heifers, as also did The Sutler
23,061, who was by Valasco 15,443, the sire of Commander-in-Chief.
When Mr. William Carr was collecting a herd of choice Booth blood, his
eyes turned to Castlegrove, where he knew Mr. Grove had animals of the
pure Booth Bliss tribe, and although Mr. Grove was loth to part with them,
Mr. Carr induced him to let him have four females at 1200 gs., which was
at that time regarded as a high figure. From these cows several animals of
the highest merit were bred at Stackhouse, and Lady Pigot paid iooo gs. for
two of them. Meantime, the Fame tribe were breeding well at Castlegrove,
and their merits became quite conspicuous throughout the kingdom.
Prior to the arrival of Mr. Booths Sir Roger 16,991, Norma was put
to Comet, a splendid white bull, bred by Mr. Henry Ambler, and the off-
spring was Coquette, a rare breeder. One of her daughters, Clarionet by
Mr. Booths Prince Arthur 13,497, was a very beautiful heifer, and was pur-
chased by that fine judge, Mr. Douglas, of Athelstaneford, who showed her
at Dumfries, where she beat Colonel Gunters twin Duchesses. Her full sister
Castanet was bought by Captain Spencer, and became the dam of Lady Pig-
ots Castanira, which was remarkably successful in the show yards. Another
sister, Ciboulette, was a cow of very uncommon merit and delightful char-
acter. She was the winner of prizes at the Royal Irish Shows. Norma bred
to Sir Roger an exceedingly fine cow, called Norman Lady, who produced
several first- rate animals, which were distinguished for their winnings in
the show yards. For bulls of the Fame tribe Mr. Grove had always a good
demand, and two of them went to Mr. Crosbie, at Ardfert Abbey, in whose
herd they made a very good impression. When Mr. Thomas Barnes, of
Westland, Co. 2M Meath, died, and it was decided to sell his great herd
in 1871, Mr. Grove, who was then advanced in years, thought it would be
xvell for him to disperse his Shorthorns at the same time, so that the En-
glish admirers of Booth blood who were certain to attend the Westland sale
could also be present at his dispersion.
The sale at Castlegrove, which was also conducted by Mr. Thornton,
was accordingly fixed for a date two days later than that of the great event
12.7. MR. J. G. GROVE 479
at Westland. The journey from co. Meath to Castlegrove was a long one,
and the company which assembled at Mr. Groves home was not nearly as
large as that which surrounded the ring at Westland. It comprised, however,
almost all the breeders of importance who were present at the dispersion of
Mr. Barnes herd.
The élite of the Booth party came up to support Mr. Grove, and every-
body was struck with the extraordinary merit of the animals. There was a
remarkable uniformity of type throughout the herd, and their heavy flesh
and fine quality and character were at once admitted to deserve high eu-
logy, which was generously accorded by all. The beautiful cow Ciboulette,
advanced in years, and doubtful as a breeder, fetched over 6o gs., and this
cheerful beginning was prophetic of a good sale. Her daughter Ringlet, by
the excellent Warlaby sire British Crown 21,322 went to Mr. Hugh Aylmer
at 300 gs. Norman Lady, in her ninth year, a cow of grand shapes and with
superb quality and hair, went to co. Cork at 200 gs., in calf to Mr. Booths
Englands Glory 23,889. Her daughter, Nepenthe by British Crown 21,322, a
red heifer of great levelness and beauty, was lame, but yet made a high price
to Mr. Barnes, of Westland. Countess, a daughter of Coquette, fetched the
top price of the sale, 310 gs., and was bought by Mr. Downing, of co. Cork.
Of the Heath Rose tribe was Hyacinth by British Crown from a Harbinger
cow, a very striking heifer, which was run down to Rev. Mr. Staniforth at
300 gs. Messrs. Jefferson and Gaitskell secured some good lots for Cumber-
land. The Lady Sarah females sold well, and the average for the entire herd
was nearly f 100 each, a very satisfactory result.
Mr. Grove held a high place in the estimation of those of light and
leading in the Shorthorn world, who were aware that he had brought his high
education and cultivated perception to bear upon the study of Shorthorn
breeding. When Mr. William Carr was engaged in writing the History of
the Kille rby, Studley, and Warlaby Shor thorns, and marshalling evidence
and opinion in favour of long-continued close breeding, he wrote to Mr.
Grove and asked for his views upon that question. In his reply Mr. Grove
said, that while he considered that evil results arose from continuance in
breeding from close consanguineous relationships, he did not think that it
produced infertility. In less than ten years afterwards he came to see that
his opinion expressed in his letter to Mr. Carr was erroneous. When he was
asked subsequently he said that he had altered his opinion since he wrote
the letter which appeared in Mr. Carrs history of the Booth herds, and that
he had no doubt that close breeding was a cause of infertility.
Mr. Grove passed away at a ripe old age, and his loss left the Shorthorn
world poorerbereft of one who was masterful in his favourite pursuit, to
which his services had added lustre.
12.8 Mr. Richard Welsted

In the beautiful valley of the River Awbeg, where Edmund Spenser wrote
The Faerie Queene, stands Ballywalter, where for well-nigh half a century
Mr. Richard Weisted bred a celebrated herd of Shorthorns. The foundation
of the herd had been laid by his brother, who preceded him in the ownership
of the Ballywalter estate, and who had bought a few animals from Mr. Healy,
of Manus, co. Glare, one of the earliest importers of Shorthorns into Ireland.
Mr. Richard Welsted, early in the forties, bought some improved Durhams,
as they were then often called, from Mr. Shinner, of Doneraile, a place not
very far distant from Bally- walter. A few years afterwards he went to Har-
rogate, and visited several breeders of Shorthorns in that neighbourhood.
Amongst those breeders was Mr. Peacock, of Haddockstones, near Ripley,
from whom he purchased two heifers, which he named Peahens. One of these
became a first-prize winner at co. Cork Show, where she was bought by Cap-
tain Ball, of Malahide, co. Dublin, who was a great showman. This heifer
founded a numerous family, members of which not only beat all Ireland, but
were distinguished winners at the Great Inter- national Show at Paris. A
branch of this tribe became known as Gamehens, and they, too, were re-
markable winners in Ireland when in the hands of Mr. James Anderson, of
Grace Dieu, near Waterford.
Mr. Welsted for many years made an annual visit to Harrogate, and
became acquainted with Mr. Anthony Maynard, of Marton-le-Moor, near
Ripon, that quiet old bachelor home, and from him he bought two red
heifers, one of which was Rosa by Crusade 7938, which Mr. James Douglas,
of Athelstaneford and othcr eminent judges considered to be the best bull
liviii in England in his day. This Rosa founded a great, robust tribe at
Ballywalter; and there were two heifers from it, named Rosette and Elgin
Rose, which beat all Ireland, and won the Purdon Cup for the best pair of
heifers. Mr. Welsted also made purchases from Mr. Cator, of Skeibrook,
and from Mr. F. H. Fawkes, of Farnley Hall, the latter gentleman supplying
the cow Molly Maguire by the celebrated sire Bridegroom. A very fine bull,
Roan Oxford 16,841, came from Mr. A. L. Maynard, and he was for several
years the stud bull at Bally- walter. Another valuable tribe came from the
Harrogate district, with the rather awkward name of Duchess by Favour.
They were successful at Ballywalter, and certain of them were bought when
they wore winning ribbons at Cork Show by the late Mr. Win. Talbot-
Crosbie, of Ardfert Abbey, in whose herd they produced many winners.
At Mr. R. Chaloners sale at Kingsfort, co. Meath, in i86o, Mr. Welsted
bought a neat aged cow named Primrose by Orson 13,432, a son of Maynards
celebrated Crusade 7938, and out of Trinket by Duke of Cornwall 5947, by
Mr. Bates Fourth Duke of Northumberland 2637. She came with calf to
Mr. R. Booths British Prince, of the great Strawberry tribe of Warlaby.
Her calf, born in the following spring, i86i, was a white heifer, which Mr.
12.8. MR. RICHARD WELSTED 481
Welsted very appropriately named British Queen. This heifer won in the
yearling class, in 1862, at the Royal Dublin Show at Kildare Street, but a
far greater triumph was in store for her. At the same show in the following
year, 1863, Mr. Weisted decided to exhibit her. He did not know that she
was to have as a competitor one of the most beautiful and famous heifers
in the kingdom, Colonel Towneleys Royal Butterflys Duchess. Although the
judges were all Englishmen, who well knew Royal Butterflys Duchess and
all her prior winnings, they placed Mr. Welsteds British Queen in the first
place, much to the dismay of Joe Culshaw, who crossed the Irish Sea with
his pet in the confident expectation that nothing in Ireland could even
approach her. Now, British Queen was quite an extraordinary heifer. The
writer never saw her excelled in her head, her fore quarters, her girth, her
top, and her loins. Like her sire, she was rather wanting in width and fulness
in her rumps, but her condition was superb, and this weakness was pretty
well covered with flesh. To look from her head away back over her top was
a rare treat, the levelness, the breadth, the marvellous cylindrical form were
amazing. After this great triumph Mr. Welsted retired from showing, and
he said to me, I have now retired from showing; it would be far better for
me that I had never shown an animal. The expense has been enormous, and
I have ruined many of my best heifers.
In the course of years, during one of his annual stays at Harrogate, Mr.
Weisted l)aid a visit to Mr. Richard Booth, at Warlaby. At this time the
great herd there was in its full glory. He was surprised and fascinated with
it, and this visit marked a distinct and remarkable and issueful era in the
history of the herd at Ballywalter. Mr. Weisted determined to go in for
Booth blood, and opened negotiations with Mr. Booth in regard to the
hiring of Warlaby bulls. At the moment there was not one sire at liberty,
but on Mr. Weisteds return home he found that there was a pure Booth
bull for sale. This was Uncle Tom 13,913, bred by Mr. T. Barnes. Uncle
Tom was by that noted sire Baron Warlaby 7813, the best getter of heifers
in England, and out of Britannia, a daughter of Mr. John Booths Milliner,
whose dam was the beautiful cow Mantalini. Uncle Tom was for several
seasons the stud bull at Ballywalter, and he got excellent stock.
When he went the way of all flesh, the era of Warlaby bulls began. It
was by the advice of Mr. R. Booth that Mr. Welsted went to see Mr.
William Torr, of Aylesby Manor, from whom he bought two splendid heifers
of the M. tribe, namely, Medal Io,99z1., and Maid Royal. These heifers did
wellMedal bred several excellent bulls, and Maid Royal, an animal of very
robust style, bred a numerous family. It was Mr. Welsteds plan never to
give a very high price for a female. Bulls he was willing to hire at good, but
never at very extravagant prices.
At the sale of Mr. Rowland Campions herd in his immediate neigh-
bourhood, he bought the aged cow Ladylike, of the Mantalini tribe, at 50
gs. She was regarded at the time as a rather uncertain breeder, but she
soon bred at Ballywalter, and was the foundation of his most valuable tribe,
several of which he sold at good prices to the Rev. Thos. Staniforth and
other English breeders.
A very long list of Warlaby sires came, respectively, year after year to
Ballywalter. Perhaps the most famous of these was the thick-set, low and
deep Sir James 16,980 the son of the great cow Nectarine Blossom, which
at the Chester Royal Show in 1856 stood at the top of a remarkgibly fine
class of yearling heifers.
When private sales of bulls were found troublesome and uncertain, and
many local buyers were not disposed to pay good prices, Mr. Welsted de-
cided to hold an annual bull sale abQut the second week in each October,
These sales were for many years conducted by Mr. Thornton until death
carried away the veteran breeder in his ninety-third year.
Many of the bulls went to England and were afterwards well known as
winners and good sires. They cast lustre on Shorthorn breeding in Ireland,
where for sixty long years the Booth blood has been transcendant, and
where Barnes and Chaloner and Welsted have long been illustrious names,
and where their memory will be ever cherished by the lovers of the red,
white, and roan.
12.9 Mr. Talbot-Crosbie

Kerry is much associated in the public mind with mountains, and lakes,
and barren land, owing to the world-wide fame of Killarney and its romantic
scenery. There are parts of it, however, which abound in nice soil, well suited
for the production of good cattle. The late Mr. Pierce Mahony introduced
Shorthorns into Kerry about the year 1835. One of his bulls, Robin, was
a first-prize winner at the Royal Dublin Show in the spring of 1838. Mr.
Mahony held a sale by auction in 1841, when purchases were made by Mr.
Maurice Saunders and Mr. Charles Nash, of Ballycarthy, as well as by Mr.
Sandes, of Sallow Glen, all in the co. Kerry. Mr. John Christy, of Fort
Union, co. Limerick, was also a buyer at this sale. The herds formed by the
three Kerry gentlemen named have ceased to exist.
It was at the 1841 sale, above alluded to, that Mr. Talbot Crosbie
bought Bess, which may be regarded as the foundress of the celebrated herd
at Ardfert Abbey. Mr. Crosbie afterwards secured two fine cows which
were sprung from that noted prize taker in early days, Medora by Ambo
1636, bred by Mr. Richard Booth from the Isabella tribe. These were Lady
Camilla by Norfolk 9442, and Catherine Howard by Dargan 17,666. Their
descendants became very numerous, and this Medora tribe has been every-
where remarkable for its prolific character and its general merit. Florence
by Desmond 10,112 came from Mr. John Christy, and bred some noted
winners, including Florentine. Sweet Poll Gwynne by Duke of Cambridge
12.9. MR. TALBOT-CROSBIE 483
12,747, a bull having a good deal of Bates blood in his pedigree, was brought
upon the scene, and did credit to t iat grand and useful old tribe. White
Duchess by Favour 9114 was bought from Mr. R. Welsted, and was of the
same line as the great prize-winning Peahens, and a representatative of Mr.
Tophams Venus sort was also brought to Ardfert. Lady Barcroft by Mata-
dor ii ,8oo, of the April Daisy tribe, was a good purchase. She was out of
Malvina by Lord of Brawith 10,465, an own brother to Mr. Wilsons famous
heifer Lady of Brawith, which won the three national first prizes in 1849
and 185o, as well as the Purcell Challenge Cup as best animal in the yard
at two successive meetings of the Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland.
A great event in the history of the Ardfert herd was the purchase at
the Dublin Spring Show, in 1858, of Lamp of Lothian 16,356, first-prize
yearling on that occasion. This bull was bred by Mr. James Douglas, of
Atheistaneford, and was got by Hymen 13,058, the son of the pure Bates
bull Duke of Cambridge 12,742, his dam being the lovely cow Bridecake, of
pure Booth blood. Lamp of Lothians dam was Isabella Hopewell, bred by
Mr. Richard Booth, from a cow by Exquisite 8048. Lamp of Lothian proved
a very impressive and, indeed, a first-rate sire. His stock were remarkable for
their high style and beautiful symmetry, and were often prize winners in the
early sixties. Some excellent bulls of the Castlegrove Fame blood, derived
from Warlaby, were also used at Ardfert, and left a good many handsome
calves.
At the great Aylesby sale in 1875 Mr. Crosbie purchased the heifer-calf
Riby Marchioness at the high price of 1260 gs., and a Flower female at 8oo
gs. Riby Marchioness grew into a very fine cow and proved prolific; but
the Flower was not so fortunate, having left no heifer to carry on her line.
The herd contained at one time a numerous family of Ribys. Forest Flower
by Royal Benedict 27,348 was added at a later period, and she proved a
lucky purchase, and, accordingly two of Mr. Torrs favourite tribes were well
represented at Ardfert Abbey.
A number of bulls were hired from Warlaby, and Mr. Brueres Vesper
tribe contributed some. Flower sires were used as well as Ribys. New blood
was brought in latterly through Mr. Robert Thompsons British Hope 60,415
by Beau Bridegroom 55,360, of the old Killerby Madaline tribe, and from
Home Beauty, of that prize-winning Linton blood, so well known at Ingle-
wood. Fair. Lord 63,999 by the Scotch bull Lord Chancellor 57,594, from
Fair Fame, a beautifully-bred cow, of the Castlegrove branch of the great
tribe of Fame or Farewell (which produced at Warlaby the celebrated cows
Faith, Hope, and Charity, as well as the bull Crown Prince), was bought
at the late Duke of Marlboroughs sale. This was a bull of good shapes and
high character, whose stock are much admired. At the Warlaby sale in 1895
Mr. Crosbie bought the two-year-old bull Sir Gilbert Studley for 355 gs..
This well-shaped, robust animal did well at his new home. In 1899 Stephen
FitzLavender 73,732, a grandson of the famous prize bull Count Lavender
60,545, was purchased from Mr. J. Deane Willis, Bapton, Wilts., and Bea-
con Light 74,041, a son of the Royal prize bull Alto 68,147, from Mr. R.
Stratton, The Duifryn, Mon.
Annual sales were held at Ardfert from 1852, and many of the bulls sold
distinguished themselves in England, not only as winners themselves, but as
the sires of winners while many of the prize takers at the Royal Dublin shows,
were indebted in more or less degree to the Ardfert blood. The young bulls
sent through Ireland from these annual sales for more than forty years have
conferred vast benefit upon the general stock of the country, and accordingly
Mr. Talbot- Crosbie was entitled to a large share of public gratitude. He
died in 1899, aged eighty-two years. Mr. Win. Bradshaw had charge of
the herd as Mr. Talbot-Crosbies farm steward. The herd was dispersed in
August, 1900. His son, Mr. Lindsay Talbot-Crosbie, still maintains a small
herd, mostly descended from the old strains at Ardfert.
The soil and climate on this Kerry shore, where Ardfert is situate, are
very suitable for the breeding of a high-class herd. The spring is usually
very mild, and a bite of grass is often to be enjoyed by the cattle so early as
in March. Roots grow well, and are succeeded by heavy crops of corn. The
picturesque ruins of the abbey are a striking feature of the place, and close
by the demesne are the extensive remains of the once splendid cathedral.
12.10 Straffan House

The late Mr. Nathaniel Barton, of Straffan House, which is situate on the
bank of the River Liffey, and in the county of Kild are, began to breed
Shorthorns in the early fifties of the last century. The demesne at Straffan,
which extends to one thousand six hundred acres, is well suited in every way
to be the home of a Shorthorn herd, as the soil and climate are good, and the
handsome plantations afford abundant shelter. Keep is at all times plentiful,
tillage is extensively carried on, and a large staff of labourers is, of course,
constantly employed. Mr. Bartons first purchases of Shorthorns were made
from his neighbour, Colonel Connolly, who from an early date bred good
stock which were full of the Mason blood brought into the county through
the purchases made at the Chilton sale in 1829. The animals of this strain
are known as the Lilys. They have been remarkable for their handsome
shapes and good milking properties; they are well fieshed, neat, a,ncl level.
Booth blood was bought into the Straffan herd through the purchase of
Empress of the East by Sir Roger 16,991, a handsome daughter of Mr. Jollys
Empress of Hindostan, which was bought by Lady Pigot, and became one
of the most successful show animals of her day. Mr. Jolly lived near Mr.
Richard Booths home at Warlaby, and used his bulls for many years, so that
most of his cattle were very full of the Warlaby blood. The descendants of
Empress of the East have been very neat and of high-class type, but few of
12.10. STRAFFAN HOUSE 485
them remain at Straffan, as they were too prone to breed bulls. From the
herd of Mr. F. H. Fawkes, of Farnley Hall, was imported a descendant of
that gentlemans Grizzy by The Stuart 7623, sire of some celebrated animals,
including Gretna, whose portrait is given in Vol. X. of Coatess Herd Book.
At Straffan the cattle of this blood are known as the Grizzle family, and they
have the size and wealth for which the Farnley herd was remarkable. The
Mary Ann tribe descend from a cow of that name got by Killerby 7122, and
tracing her pedigree back to the herd of Sir George S trick- land, who took
Mr. Booths Isaac I 129 down into Gloucester- shire. The Mary Annes passed
through very good hands before they came to Straffan, for their pedigrees
exhibit the names of such bulls as Mr. Barnes Dr. McHalc 15,887, and St.
Patrick 16,891, and Mr. Booths Hopewell 10,332. The animals of this blood
show, as may be expected from their breeding, much neatness, and have
handsome heads. The Mysie family, which trace back to Colonel Trotters
old blood, were imported from the herd of Mr. Shepherd, of Shethin, Tarves,
but they did not become numerous. An important addition was made to
the Straffan herd by the purchase of Flower of Bushey for i6 gs. at Mr.
Marjoribanks sale. She was got by Great Mogul 14,651, winner of first prizes
at the Royal Shows at Salisbury and Chester, and her dam, Myrtle, was out
of Rosa by Ravensworth 9532, and therefore half- sister to Mr. Eastwoods
celebrated cow Rosette, winner at the Royal at Canterbury, as well as at
the Irish Royal meeting at Cork, where she astonished the farmers by her
great size and singular beauty. Flower of Bushey was a remarkably fine cow,
richly fleshed, and with a beautiful coat. She bred well, and her descendants,
which became very numerous, possessed high-class character, great frames,
and good udders.
The Resplendant tribe have done very well at Straffan. In point of
number they are ahead of any other, and they have produced some extra
good bulls. The original cowthe first of the namewas by Champions Blyth
797, and her pedigree ran back to Collings Midas 435, Windsor 698, and Son
of Favourite 252. Mr. Arbuthnots Oliver 2386 and Hero 7079 also appear
in the family tree, and there is an infusion of Duchess blood through the
6oo gs. Duke of Geneva 19,614, which Lord Penrhyn purchased from Mr.
Sheldon, U.S.A. Among the Resplendents are to be found some very fine
cows, of large scale, heavy in flesh, and with good milking properties. The
well-known Victorias, of Mason blood, so celebrated in Mr. Holmes herd,
also found a place in the Straffan collection. They were descended from
Victoria 23rd by Baron Warlaby 7813, a cow of great merit, but were not
successful, having chiefly bred bulls. There are few females now re maining.
The Rose tribe come from the late Mr. John Christys Rose by Duke of
Bedford 11,377, and are conspicuous for their size and robustness. Upon
the death of Mr. Nathaniel Barton, his son, Major H. L. Barton, became
owner of the Straffan herd, in the management of which he always took a
keen interest. Mr. N. Barton had used The Friar 20,954, a bull of Bates-
on-Knightley blood, and a great upstanding, stylish bull he was. Booth

sires succeeded The Friar, and British Flag 19,351, of the noted Strawberry
tribe, was hired from Warlaby. This bull was used by Messrs. Barnes
and Chaloner, and got good stock wherever he went. Major Barton then
made up his mind to use Booth sires, and he secured Prince of Rosedale
24,837, bred by the Rev. John Storer, of Hellidon. From Warlaby, King
Charles 24,240 and, at a later period, Lord Rose 34,659 were hired. The
Mantalini bull Iron Duke 31,420, a son of Alpine, who inherited a slight
infusion of Bates blood through his sire, Royal Duke 25,014, was procured
from Mr. T. Barnes, and got some excellent stock. Valorous 27,701, of the
Mantalini sort, bred by Lady Pigot, was also used, and left several very fine
cows. Beau of the Ball 41,090, of the Hecuba tribe, was hired from Mr.
John Booth, of Killerby, and proved a successful sire, many of his daughters
being of unusual merit, and having very handsome heads. Ben Ledi 37,853,
of the old Killerby Bracelet tribe, was usefully employed, and so was Golden
Sceptre 51,344, a son of Mr. Booths Lord Provost 46,697, from a cow of the
Aylesby Golden sort. Golden Sceptre was the sire of several prize bulls, and
imparted great quality to his stock, thus doing credit to Ballywalter, the
place of his birth. From the herd at Ardfert Abbey Major Barton sought a
new strain of Booth blood. He hired, from Mr. Crosbie, Star FitzHalnaby
45,654, a son of Vesper Star, a big deep-red cow, sold at iVIr. Cochranes
sale at Windermere for i,ooo gs. As Star FitzHalnaby got nice calves, Major
Barton went again to Ardfert, and secured Riby Marquis 46,980, of that
noted Aylesby blood which commanded so high a price at the sale of Mr.
Torrs herd. For years, therefore, Booth blood had been continuously poured
into the herd at Straffan, and Major Barton, feeling that the time had come
for a change, and that care should be taken not to give away robustness,
imported a Cruickshank sire, Scotland Yet 53,640. He also purchased Mr.
Duthies Heir of Promise 54,423, winner of the second prize at Dublin, and
got by that rare sire Field Marshal 47,870. Beadsman 60,349, bred by Mr.
A. Cruickshank, from the Violet tribe, was used with good results. He was
very neat, and got some valuable stock, but an injury to a hind-leg cut
short hiq career. Straffan Yet 58,195 and Great Hope 59,056, both bred at
home, and both first prize winners at Dublin, were also used. Prince of the
Lilies 59,689, bred by Mr. A. Cruickshank, was bought in 1891. He was
a well-fleshed bull of good character, on short legs, and with particularly
wide and well-filled quarters. His son Tip Top 63,z 5, from a cow of the Lily
tribe, was used, and the herd was much improved. Major Barton procured
another change of blood by purchasing, at the Duke pf Northumber- lands
sale, Royal Dalesman 66,193, whose sire, Bretwalda 62,207, was bred from
the Inglewood strains, and whose dam had several crosses of Warlaby sires in
her pedigree. Through Royal Dalesman the Booth blood once more asserted
its influence at Straffan. Recently three home-bred bulls have been used,
viz. Royal Standard 73,546, Diamond King 76,499, Castor 78,548; also
12.11. MR. ROBERT ARCHBOLD 487
Grand Victor 74,670, of the Uppermill Bessie family; Marchmont 79,355,

and Starlight 82,385 of the Miss Ramsden family; Prince of the Lilies 59,607,
Prince of the North 63,145, and Scottish Boy 87,290. Major Barton died
in 1899, and was succeeded by his brother, Mr. Bertram F. Barton, xvho
continued the herd until his death, a year or two later. The herd which has
for many years been successfully managed by Mr. Thomas Milne, was then
inherited by his son, Mr. Bertram H. Barton, to whom it now belongs. No
females were bought for many years, as Major Barton considered he could
get all he wanted by the use of well-chosen sires upon the cows of good old
pedigree, which abound in his herd. At Straffan utility is the watchword,
milking properties are cultivated, and overfeeding is discountenanced; yet
the young bulls win many honours at the Dublin shows. The sires, of which,
owing to the size of the herd, there are several in residence, are carefully
mated with the cows for which they are best suited.
12.11 Mr. Robert Archbold

Mr. Robert Archbold, was, like Mr. Holmes and Mr. La Touclie, a buyer
at the Chilton sale, and had a successful career as a breeder of Shorthorns
at Davidstown, in the county of Kildare. At the sale of Mr. Richard Booths
herd at Studley, he purchased Young Maria and the bull Argus 759. He
was also a buyer at several sales held subsequently in England. Bulls from
Davidstown were in great demand, and wrought very striking benefit to the
stock through Leinster. Mr. Archbold dispersed his herd in 1847, when it
numbered the large total of one hundred and six head. The stud bulls at that
time were Sockburn 6509, a son of Mr. Bates 4th Duke of Northumberland
3649, and Guy Faux 7062, bred by Mr. Crofton, of Holywell, and got by the
celebrated Gainford 2044. Although the times were not cheerful, the sale
was fairly successful, some of the cows making as much as 46 gs. each, while
the average was about 3o all round.
12.12 Mr. Fox

It has been stated that Mr. Fox, of Fox Hall, co. Long- ford, and Mr.
Pollock, of Mountainstown, co. Meath, were the most prominent amongst
those who at an early date were moved to emulate the example set by Messrs.
Holmes, La Touche, and Archbold. Mr. Fox imported animals of high class,
of the Colling, Mason, and Maynard blood. Julia by Invalid 4076, from
Lady Sarah by Satellite 1420, came from the noted herd of Captain Barclay,
of Ury. May Rose, a grand cow, the winner of prizes at the Nottingham and
Dublin shows, was purchased from her breeder, Mr. Maynard. She was by
Mr. John Booths Young Matchem 2282, and her dam was by Mr. Maynards
Sir Alexander 591, granddam by Mr. Robert Coilings Marske 418, a bull
very full of the blood of Favourite 252. Moss Rose by Masons Matchem
from Portia, bred at Chilton, was also imported to Fox Hall. The herd had
not, however, a long history, inasmuch as it was sold by auction in 1841.
Mr. Win. Wetherell was the auctioneer, and held many commissions from
English breeders. Mr. St. George Gray, of Darrington, near Athlone, bought
Julia by Invalid, which has been already named. He also bought a calf which
he named Rose de Meaux by Collard, and the descendants of her and Portia
made a very distinguished figure in some of the best herds in Ireland.
Louisa was a daughter Qf Rose de Meaux, and became the foi,indre of a
celebrated family. Mr. Parkinson, of Leyfields, Notts , bought the prize cow
May Rose for 50 gs., Mr. Tottenham secured Moss Rose at 42 gs., while
Lily by Mason s Monarch, from Julia by Invalid, was taken by Mr. Parkin-
son at 50 gs. Mr. Wetherell paid 50 gs. for Carnation, another of the same
line of Mason blood, and Picotee by Prince Paul 4827, from a Chilton cow,
went to him at the same figure. White Rose by Maynards Velocipede 2796,
dam May Rose, the Nottingham winner, was another of Mr. Wetherells
purchases, at 46 gs. He also took to England Rosamond by Velocipede, dam
Osmunda by Maynards Burley 1766, at 40 gs.; Red Rose by Second Cometi
5101 42 gs.; Nymph, a granddaughter of Britannia by Monarch, at 50 gs.;
Strawberry, also by Second Comet, 41 gs.; Hyacinth, a daughter of Picotee,
105 gs.; Caroline, from May Rose, 27 gs.; and Rathreagh 6366, a young bull
of the Portia line. A great many good animals were bought for Ireland, but
it is to be regretted that most of them went into herds where they were
carelessly treated, and no records were kept. It would have been a fortunate
thing had Mr. St. George Gray been a large buyer at the Fox Hall sale.
12.13 Mr. A. H. C. Pollock

Mr. A. H. C. Pollock, of Mountainstown, co. Meath, imported superior
cattle of Mason blood from the herd of Captain Barclay, of Ury. These were
Mayflower and Helen by Invalid 4076, together with Sophia and Violet by
Barclays Monarch 4495. Helen was a daughter of Lady Sarah by Satellite,
and Violet was a granddaughter of the same noted cow. Their descendants
long held a high place in the herds of Mr. Barnes, of Westland, and Mr. J. G.
Grove. The Mason cow Adelaide. came from Mr. Wiley, of Brandsby, and
was a great granddaughter of Lady Chilton or No. 4, which that gentleman
purchased at the Chilton sale. Booth blood was introduced to Mountain-
stown in the person of Cashmere, a granddaughter of Mr. Richard Booths
Young Anna by Isaac 1129. Her sire was the Colonel 1846, a grandson
of Isabella by Pilot 496. The Mason bull Noble 4578 and Captain Bar-
clays Ury 5536 were used, and Cach- mere had a daughter by each. Burley
Fairfax 6822 vas also a very successful sire, and his daughter Lady Sarah
was quite a favourite cow of the late Mr. Thomas Barnes. Rosina, bought
12.14. MR. JOSEPH LAMBERT 489
from Mr. John Colling, introduced the Rachel tribe to Mr. Pollocks herd.
She was by Colonel Cradocks Gainford 2044 and her dam, Rosette, was by
Caprice 1892. She was a granddaughter of the celebrated cow Rachel, by
Mr. Charges Frederick io6o. Mr. Pollock bred his Shorthorns with great
care, and imported several good sires, including Mr. Wileys Young Beishaz-
zar 3122. The herd was sold in July, 1846. upon which occasion, as at Fox
Hall five years previously, Mr. Wetherell acted as auctioneer. The Mason
cow Adelaide was the highest-priced lot, and went at 95 gs. to Mr. Robert
Holmes. She was ten years old. A number of this family were at one time
in the herd of Mr. Win. Bolton, of The Island, co. Wexford. They were
known as the Glossy tribe, and were greatly admired. Those who bought
the Rachel females were not very successful with them. Mr. R. Chaloner
paid 75 gs. for Rosina at eleven years old, but she only bred a bull. Another
branch of the Rachels was, however, very distinguished in the hands of Mr.
John Cooke, of Ballyneal, co. Wexford. His bull St. Ruth won challenge
cups at the shows of the Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland and the Royal
Dublin Society. Although there was a depression in farming circles owing to
the failure of the potato crop in the previous year, the sale was successful,
and the prices were very equal. The forty-three females which Mr. Wetherell
sold averaged 53 I 3s., a good proof of the high estimation in which iVIr.
Pollocks stock were held. The great majority of the cattle were bought by
Irish breeders.
12.14 Mr. Joseph Lambert

On September 23, 1847, a sale of the herd of Mr. Joseph Lambert, of
Brookhill, co. Mayo, was held by Mr. James Ganly, of Dublin. Mr. Lambert
had purchased several cows from Mr. Blake, of Corofin, co. Clare, whose
name has hitherto been mentioned in connection with the earliest importa-
tions of Shorthorns to the west of Ireland. Among these were Princess Mary
by Christopher 1829, dam Princess, own sister to Mr. Roses (of Cotham)
celebrated bull Prince 4772, and Julia, also by Christopher, from Josephine,
bred by Mr. Irish, and sold at his sale in 1839 for 8o gs. Josephine was
by Croftons Emperor 1974, and her dam, Old Princess, was by St. Albans
1412, a grandson of Princess by Favourite 252. Verbena, Fan, and Formosa
were all descendants of Old Princess by St. Albans, and Geraldine was from
Sophia, a daughter of Moss Rose by Masons Matchem. These particulars
are sufficient to show the high character of the blood which was to be found
in Mr. Lamberts herd. Wiseton Hero 2120 was imported to Brookhill from
Lord Spencers. This was a bull of first-rate shapes, but rather bare of hair.
Most of the young stock at the time of the sale were got by him; he was
then twelve years old, and it is evident that he was highly valued as a sire.
Pliny 4689, brought over from Lord Carlisles herd, was another of the bulls
selected by Mr. Lambert. There were fifty-six cows and heifers and six bulls
in the sale catalogue. Mr. Ffolliott, of Holybrook, co. Sligo, purchased some
of the best-bred females as well as a bull named Hidalgo, a son of Hannah,
of the Lady Sarah tribe as it existed at Mountainstown. Mr. Richardson, of
Rossfad, and Professor Skilling, of Galway College, bought several animals
at the dispersion. The blight which had fallen upon the potato crop had
injuriously affected Mr. Pollocks sale in the preceding year, 1846, but the
total failure of that crop in 1847 was quite a national disaster. It was Mr.
Lamberts misfortune to dispose of his Shorthorns at such a time, and accord-
ingly his herd, which numbered so many animals of good blood, averaged
only /929.
12.15 Other herds in Ireland

A number of other herds in Ireland belonging to past and present times will
now be briefly noticed, following to some extent their distribution in the
four provinces.
12.15.1 Leinster
The celebrated herd of Mr. Robert Holmes, of Moycashel, and that of Mr.
Adamson, which was also founded by purchases at Chilton, have rendered
county Westmeath memorable in the history of Shorthorn breeding in
Ireland. The example set by these gentlemen bore good fruit, and quite a
number of their neighbours embarked in the fascinating pursuit of breeding
Shorthorns.
Sir Percy Nugent, of Donore; Sir Richard Packenham; Mr. Jones; and
Mr. Dease, of Turbotstown, all bred good stock. Mr. St. George Gray, of
Darrington, made quite a mark with the descendants of Rose de Meaux by
Collard 3419 and the Chilton Lady Sarah; and Mr. R. S. Fether- stonhaugh,
of Rockview, bred up to a high standard the Blossoms, which sprung from
No. 22 at the Chilton sale, purchased by Mr. Adamson, and descended
from Lady Maynard. The Glossys, another tribe of fine Mason blood, were
very successful at Rockview, and subsequently made a prominent figure in
Southern herds.
Mr. R. W. Reynell, of Killynon, made his first purchase of Shorthorns
in 184x, and his herd was carefully bred, almost entirely from two tribes.
One of these, the Fairy Queen, was bought by the recommendation of Mr.
Holmes, who had purchased stock by Masons Matchem, at the time of the
Chilton sale, from Mr. Brown, the breeder of the Matchem cow which was
sold to Mr. Bates, and became the ancestress of the Oxford tribe. The other
tribe, the Pauline, traced to Mr. Whitakers stock, and was full of Mason
blood; it was procured from Mr. Barnes, who brought it from Yorkshire.
Mr. Reynell used high-class bulls of Booth blood, including several of the
12.15. OTHER HERDS IN IRELAND 491
Westland Mantalinis. He retired in 1871, and sold his herd at an average

of 32 2s. His son, Mr. Richard Reynell, who succeeded to Killynon, has a
small herd comprising two choice tribes, the Lady Sarah and the Medora
branch of the Booth Isabellas, which was well known at Westland. He, too,
was fond of using sires of the Mantalini blood.
Among other good herds in county Meath have been those of Mr. Lee
Norman, Mr. Radcliffe, Mr. P. J. Kearney, Mr. Stawell Garnett, and Mr.
Keating. The Marquis of Headfort had a fine herd, in which Bates blood
was cultivated as well as Booth, and animals were occasionally brought over
from IJnderley.
The Earl of Longford combines successfully in his herd the Bates blood
with the Booth, and several of his exhibits by a Bates sire from cows of
Booth descent were successful in the show yard.
The county Longford was indebted for the earliest importations of
Shorthorns to Mr. Fox, of Foxhall, whose herd has already been described.
At a later period the Hon. Harman King-Harman, Rev. F. Gregg, and Mr.
Bole formed herds. Mr. King-Harman gave bulls on loan to his tenants,
and thus greatly improved the cattle of the district. The sale of his stock,
in 1874, was, therefore, a loss to the county. Mr. Ambrose Bole, of Park
Place, Longford, sent out some very nice young bulls.
In county Louth, Mr. Lee-Norman, of Corbollis, near Ardee, bred for
many years cattle of good blood, mainly Booth and Mason. He used sires
from Killerby, Towneley, and Warlaby. This herd was dispersed in July, i86o,
and the young stock were chiefly got by Mr. R. Booths Majestic 13,279, and
Valasco 5,443, the sire of Commander-in-Chief, the Leicester Royal winner.
Twenty-eight females averaged 34 4s. iid., and five bulls 27 los.
Major O’Reilly, of Knock Abbey, Dundalk, was very fond of Shorthorns,
and made valuable importations from Mr. W. Torr, Lady Pigot, and others.
Bulls from his herd were widely used in the district and in the adjoining
counties, and his cattle won prizes at the shows of the Royal Dublin Society.
The foundation of the Clermont Park herd, near Dundalk, which long
was owned by Lord Clermont and was afterwards the property of Lord Car-
lingford, was judiciously laid by the purchase of females of sound breeding.
Mason, Booth, and Towneley blood contributed largely to make up the
pedigrees, and Aylesby was not forgotten. High-class bulls of Booth strain-
snotably the Castlegrove Fame and the Kingsfort Jsabellaswere for many
years in use, and latterly the Cruickshank herd was resorted to for a change
of sires. Bull breeding became a remarkable feature of the herd at Clermont
Park, and leading honours for years past were taken at the Royal Dublin
and other shows. The strong infusion in recent years of blood of Aberdeen-
shire herds, through several exceptionally good sires, had excellent effect
in giving a decided stamp to the animals individuallya robust type, with
thickly fleshed, stylish frames and good milking attributes; the latter exem-
plified by averages reaching twenty-four quarts a day. Tracing the origin of
several of the females, it is to be noted that there occurs Beautiful, a heifer

imported to Ireland from Messrs. Cruickshank, Sittyton, her sire being the
famou3 Baron 13,833, bred at Kingsfort by the late Mr. Chaloner. Other
groups in their pedigrees included the well-known names of Norma, Cha-
montel, Bracelet (by Breastplate 19,337), Castanet (Mr. Groves), Heath
Rose, Princess Warlaby, etc. One of the oldest familiesthe Princess Maude-
came from the herd at Corballis, belonging to Mr. Lee-Norman; and the
Katherines were virtually of pure Booth blood. Sires also well known, in-
cluding Count Robert 30,812, Knight of the Grand Cross 31,1 g8, both bred
at Castle Grove; Grand Prince 34,085, bred by Mr. Barnes, and the Gov-
ernor 32,681, occurred very frequently, followed by Ben Attow 41,096, bred
by Messrs. Cruickshank, Lethenty, and latterly the Sittyton- bred Secre-
tary of State 56,536. Lord Mayor 61,193, bred by Mr. Duthie, Collynie,
was also used with great success. The names of some of the excellent bulls
got by Lord Mayor 61,193 may be givenviz. Lord Aberdeen 68,926, first
prize winner, 1896, at R. D. S. Show, in a class of ninety-seven; Lord Haddo
70,821, second, same societys show, 1897, in an exceptionally good class;
Lord Lovat, etc., and Sign of Riches 66,324. Lord Haddo 70,821, and the
robust home- bred Lifeguard 70,768, were also used, in addition to Prince
Ronald 64,596, of the Fame tribe, from the late Mr. Aylmers herd at West
Dereham Abbey, and the champion bull, Lord 2N Rupert 69,008, bred by
Earl Fitzwilliam. Star of Magic 71,685 was used on similar lines with Mr.
Duthies famous bull Pride of Morning 64,546. Over one hundred prizes,
cups, etc., were won by animals from Clermont Park herd. The herd was
for many years ably managed by Mr. William Stoddart, and was dispersed
in April, 1898, after Lord Carlingfords death.
The county Dublin was the birthplace of Mr. White, ancestor of Lord
Annally, and, as already shown, he was the first to import Booth cattle into
Ireland. In i8i8 he bought the bull Agamemnon 9 and two heifers from Mr.
Richard Booth, then of Studley. The example did not seem to have extended
in the Dublin district at the time,because upto a much later period there
had been no herds of any note established.
Captain Ball, of Roberts Walls, near Malahide, bought in i86o some
capital Baron Warlaby 7813 heifers from Mr. Dudding, of Lincoln, and
got others from Yorkshire. He went in strongly for showing, and was very
successful at the Royal shows, particularly with the Peahens, which came
from Ballywalter.
Mr. George Roe, of Nutley, bred some nice stock, and imported from
Mr. Fawkes, of Farnley, the bull Leviathan 20,120, which won the gold
medal and two challenge plates at the Royal Dublin meeting in 1862.
Mr. Jaifray Barcroft, of Cabinteely, was a great admirer of Shorthorns,
and liked to see them wearing prize ribbons. His Beau of Kilbogget, Maid of
Kilbogget, and others, were frequent winners, but upon his death the herd
was sold and there was no revival.
The Right Hon. Frederick Wrench has founded a herd at Killacoona,

Ballybrack, Dublin, in which he has a choice collection of representatives of
Lord Caledons Orphan tribe, Bates Cambridge Roses, Cruickshank Secrets
and Pure Golds, Torrs Waterloos and Heath Roses. The sires used have been
Scottish Favourite 84,772 (Mr. Marr), Good Gift 83,623 (Messrs. Law), and
Lavender Lad 83,867 (Mr. Deane Willis). The Orphan tribe is considered to
be one of the best of all the Irish families. Little Orphan, from whom the sort
sprang, was bred by the late Colonel Charles Powell Leslie, of Glaslough. He
made the following note in his Herd Book: Little Orphan, roan, calved March
7th, 1856; her noted offspring were superior personally and in fertility; a
character they have since well maintained, most of them also being excellent
milkers. Little Orphan was sold to Lord Caledon on July 4th, 1867, and in
that herd they have done exceedingly well. Of the tribe, among many that
have brought good prices, Orphan Chief was sold for 1575, his dam Orphan
Star for 5oo, and Parisian Diamond for ooo. Mr. R. G. Nash, Finnstown
House, Lucan, co. Dublin, began his herd in 1901. It comprises Secrets,
Orphans, Rowenas, Jenny Linds, Pure Golds, Beautifuls, Augustas, and
other tribes, these being chiefly Sittyton, Caledon, Upperm ill, and Inverqu-
homery strains.
Major Burrowes and Mr. A. Warburton paid much attention to the
cultivation of well-bred Shorthorns. The formei made some purchases from
Aylesby, and the latter was the buyer of Velvet Jacket at Mr. La Touches
sale.
Kildare was fortunate in having two representatives at the Chilton saleMr.
La Touche and Mr. Archbold, whose herds have been already referred to.
Mr. J. J. Turner, of Kilcullen, who was Mr. La Touches agent, bred
some excellent things, and won many prizes; the stock by Mr. La Touches
Velvet Jacket 10,998, sire of Rose of Summer, were singularly good. Colonel
Connolly, of Castle- town, bred very useful cattle, and Mr. Thomas Con-
nolly was partial to Bates blood, and purchased some nice cows of Colonel
Kingscotes Honey tribe.
Miss Staples, Dunmore, Durrow, Queens County, owns a herd comprising
descendants of Roan Cow by Duke of Thorn- dale 31,022, the Booth Fame
tribe, the Gordon Castle Duchesses, the Clermont Park Queens, and the
Ardfert Arabellas. The sires recently in use were Franklin 76,715, bred at
Pirriesmill, and Sir Herbert 77,896, bred at Stoney- town.
Mr. William Bolton, The Island, near Gorey, made purchases from
Mr. Armstrong, and gradually collected a large and high-class herd, in-
cluding such tribes as the Gwynne, Glossy, Woodbine, Lady Sarah, Fame,
Mistress Mary, and Mantalini. Mr. Torrs Grey Gauntlet 19,908 did much
good, as did also Mr. Barnes Duke of Marlborough 23,768, and then War-
laby supplied King Charles 24,240, King Richard 26,523, Manrico 26,895,
Lieutenant-General 31,600, and King James 28,971. At the Westland sale
in 1871, Mr. Bolton was the last bidder for the yearling heifer Mantalini
by King Richard 26,523; 750 gs. was her price, and it was a great disap-
pointment that she never bred. He was, however, fortunate in securing her
dam, the aged cow Alpine, which produced several calves. Annual sales
were held at the Island, and good prices were realized. Mr. B. St. John
Ackers, of Prinknash, bought privately three Mantalini females at 250 gs.
each. There was a final dispersion of the herd in i88i ; the cattle were in
very low condition, and poor prices were obtained. For the Mantalini bull
Albion 36,112 there was, however, good competition, and he went to Mr.
Allen, of Unicarville, Co. Down, at 230 gs.
Mr. John Cooke, Ballyneal, near New Ross, was a skilful breeder, xvhose
knowledge of pedigree and whose faith in sound blood stood him in good
stead. His herd was conspicuous for its high breeding as well as for the
personal merit of its members, and he was an admirer of the Booth type, the
sires he used being full of that blood. The Victoria tribe was well represented
at Ballyneal, and the Ruths, which averaged over / 3 at Mr. R. Holmes sale,
produced several winners, including St. Ruth 29,920, that in 1873 won the
Chaloner Plate at Dublin and the Purdon Cup at the Water- ford Royal
Meeting, where Ruth 25th was the first-prize cow. Mr. Cooke had also
some of the Fannys and Chemisettes, which had given Mr. Meadows so
many of his winning heifers; and his bulls had always been selected with
great care. Mr. Carrs Prince of the Realm 22,629 and Knight of the Empire
2201 ; Mr. Brueres Ruby Star 35422, St. Ringan 27,417, an Aylesby M.;
Hogarth 38,435, an Aylesby G.; and Heir of Ross 34,131, a Chalk from West
Dereham Abbeysuch were the sires owned by Mr. Cooke, upon whose death,
in 1877, the herd vas sold in Dublin for the convenience of the public, the
situation of Ballyneal being remote. Good prices were paid for the females,
some of them fetching over 70 gs. apiece, and a bull, Hogarth, went to Mr.
Bole, of Longford, for 110 gs.
Mr. James Moffat for a long period bred Shorthorns at Ballybyland, near
Enniscorthy, the herd being established in i86i. He did not effect fashionable
pedigrees, but his herd was the means of doing great good through the large
number of robust young bulls which were sold into several counties. The
herd, now owned by Mrs. Moffat, is full of good strains, chiefly of the
Gwynne, Splendour, and Freak tribes.
In Queens County, at an early date, the Marquis of Drogheda, Lord de
Vesci, Lord ONeil, Sir Charles Coote, General Dunne, and others introduced
Shorthorns to improve the existing stock. Lord de Vesci had a good herd,
and sent out creditable exhibits to the principal shows. Mr. Humphry Smith
had a large and valuable collection at Castlebrack, which comprised animals
of several famous Booth tribes. After the loss of his herd, Mr. Smith began
again with spirit, and some Mantalinis, Fames, and Aylesby W.s were got
together as the nucleus of a new herd. He was one of the earliest exporters
of Shorthorns to the Argentine from Ireland, and sent out a large number of
animals in the early days of the trade. Mr. Alfred Smith, Newtown House,
Ballacolla, son of Mr. H. Smith, who died in 1899, has a herd composed
of the Fames, Louisas, Ladylikes, and Carperby Rose tribes. Bulls from
Adcote and Lowfields have been used.
Mr. Loftus Bland, of Abbeyleix, and Colonel Cosby, of Stradbally, have
also bred Shorthorns; and Colonel Fisher, of Castlegrogan, had some beau-
tiful animals, which came from Mr. W. Torr, of Aylesby. The first-named
commenced in 1895, and his herd comprises members of the Kate and Queen
Christine families.
In co. Carlow Colonel Kane Bunbury, of Moyle, had some first-rate
Shorthorns, and his herd was specially remarkable owing to the fact that it
contained the cow Officious by Hopewell 10,332, bred by Mr. John Booth,
of Killerby, from his famous Bracelet tribe. Colonel Kane Bunbury bought
her from Mr. James Douglas, of Athelstane- ford. The taste for Shorthorn
breeding has descended to the present representative of the Bunbury family,
Lord Rathdonnell.
Lord Rathdonnells noted herd now at Drumcar was established at
Lisnavagh, co. Carlow, many years ago, the V. family having originated
there. By the advice of the late Mr. Richard Chaloner, some of the best
animals of the Alma branch of the old Medora tribe were purchased. It
was from this tribe that those celebrated prize bulls, Anchor 32,947 and
Arthur 63,616 were bred; the former won first prize at the three national
shows. Arthur was one of the group that won the Leinster Cup in Dublin,
1894. The Gipsies also came through Mr. Chaloner. There have also been
several representatives of those families which have long been so p.opular in
Ireland, viz. the Bliss and Castanets, of the Booth Fame tribe; the Brights
and Flowers from Mr. W. Torrs celebrated herd at Aylesby, and the Mason
Blossoms, which were brought over to Ireland in 1829, and since bred by Mr.
Holmes, of Moycashel, and Mr. Bolton of co. Wexford, whence they went
to Drumcar. Some of the best bulls of the Booth strains of blood have been
used, viz. Scottish King 47,074, Prince 51,859, Prince Albert Victor 40,479,
and Sir Alan Studley 64,831. Woodland Prince 71,895, a son of Woodland
King, bred by the Duke of Northumberland, was used, also Riby Chieftain
79,745.
The late Mr. W. Johnson, of Prumplestown, co. Carlow, was another
admirer of the breed, and young bulls from his herd were often found adorned
with the winning rosettes. Mr. R. Wright, who succeeded him in the farm,
has a herd which has been in existence for about fifty years. The families
are the Isabella Royal, Jenny Lind, Rose, Sheelah, Belle, etc. Bulls bred at
Alnwick Park, Mertoun, Collynie, Caledon, and Inverquhomery, have been
used during the last few years,
The south-eastern district of the province of Leinster, comprising the
counties of Wicklow and Wexford, had had Shorthorns early introduced.
Mr. Dentons Priam 4758, was the first animal imported whose pedigree is
recorded in Coatess, and he was brought into Wexford with some cows and
heifers by Lord Courtown. The bull Wellington 5626, and two heifers were
imported to the Enniscorthy district from the herd of Mr. Baker Greenwell,
of Barmpton, co. Durham. Wellington was let out at a ten-shilling fee, and
got such good stock that attention became directed to the value of Shorthorn
blood.
Mr. John Brownrigg, Moneylawn, co. Wexford, obtained through his
brother, who was agent for Mr. La Touche, Harristown, the bull Planet 1325
by Mr. Robert Collings Meteor 431, and so good a sire was this that he was
kept till twelve years old. Mr. R. Doxvse, who was a successful breeder and
exhibitor at the co. Wexford shows, described Planet as a magnificent old
bull. Mr. Browrigg subsequently used Ploughboy 4239, by Monarch 2324
out of a Chilton cow, and he bought some females from Mr. La Touche. He
held a sale in 1835, when moderate prices were obtained, but kept on a few
Shorthorns until 1852.
Mr. Samuel Armstrong, who came from Cumberland to settle in Wex-
ford, founded his herd in 1847 by the purchase of some cows in the district
of Gorey, which had the crosses of such bulls as Planet 1325, and others just
named as having been used by Mr. Brownrigg. In 1852, however, he visited
his native county, and bought Hetman Platoff 13,024, from Mr. Hutchin-
son, of Braystones, Whitehaven. This bull won prizes and made his mark
in Wexford, and Mr. Armstrong purchased his dam, Hyton Lowther. He
also got from Mr. Robert Jefferson a cow named Tink-a-Tink, from which
a number of very good stock are descended. At a later period, some of the
Gwynnes and the Aylesby G. tribe were added, and were carefully bred by
Mr. Armstrong in the Gally I-louse herd.
Mr. Joseph Meadows, Thornville, began to form his noted herd in 1858.
He procured a few females from Mr. S. Arm- strong, and subsequently added
from time to time members of Masons Lady Sarah sorts, Ruths descended
from Mr. John CoIlings Rachel by Frederic io6o, the Killerby Bracelet and
the Studley Medora, the Fanny and Chenille tribes, as well as the Blossoms
and Glossys of Mason descent, which have been named in connection with
Mr. Fetherstonhaughs herd at Rockview, Westmeath. First Fiddle 19,749
by Mr. Boldens Cherry Duke 4th 17,552 from Hollybush by Mr. Booths
Welcome Guest 15497, was bought from his breeder, Mr. Jefferson, of Pre-
ston Hows, and became the sire of Bolivar 25,649 (from a Blossom cow), sold
for 300 gs., whose portrait appears in Vol. XVII I. Coatess, and who won
more than twenty prizes, including first at the English Royal for three years
in succession. Charlie 25,745, also by First Fiddle, was a great winner in
England and Scotland, including a first at the Yorkshire Show. Ben Brace
30,524, from a Bracelet cow, won honours in Ireland and England, and when
sold into Northumberland became the sire of many noted animals. Prince of
the Realm 22,627, of the Bliss tribe, was purchased with some other animals
from Mr. Carr, of Stackhouse. When Mr. Meadows health failed in 1874
the herd was dispersed at Wexford by Mr. Thornton. The aged Bracelet
2nd, Ben Braces dam, was sold to Mr. Cruickshank for 290 gs., and the
general average exceeded 50.
The county of Wicklow had a Shorthorn bull introduced to the Tinahely
district in 1826 from the herd of Mr. Archbold, of Davidstown. About sev-
enty years ago Earl Fitzwilliam, owner of large estates in Wicklow, saw the
value to be derived from the breeding of improved cattle, and determined
to establish Shorthorns at Coollattin Park. His agent bought some heifers
at Mr. Brownriggs sale, in Wexford in 1835, and he purchased privately
Wellington 5626, already named, which proved a valuable sire in the Cool-
lattin herd. Lord Spencers bull, Municipal Bill 2344, was brought over about
1836. Females of good blood were purchased as opportunity arose, and the
most important addition to the stock in that way was made by the selection
of Lilias by Mr. Booths Valasco 15443, at Mr. Henry Amblers sale. Herprice
was 105 gs., and she belonged to the Lally tribe of Bates blood, from which
sprang the prize bull MacTurk 14,872, and the well-known Barringtons. Lil-
ias was in calf when sold, and gave birth at Coollattin to Lady Lilias by
Mr. Carrs Windsor Augustus 19,157, a son of Mr. Booths Royal prize bull
Windsor 14,013, whose portrait is the frontispiece in Mr. Carr’s ”History of
the Booth Herds“. Lilias proved a fortunate purchase, as she and her daugh-
ter were very prolific cows. High-class sires were used at Coollattin, such
as Mr. Richard Chaloners Fusilier 24,000, of the Bright tribe; Mr. Barnes
Lord Stanley 24,466 by Royal Sovereign, from Sylph, dam of Dr. McHale;
Mr. Groves Chief Justice 28,188; and Mr. Torrs Robert Burns 29,795. An-
nual sales of bulls were begun in 1857, and continued for many years, during
which period about five hundred bulls were disposed of, to the great benefit
of the stock in Wicklow and the counties adjoining. The bulk of the herd
was sold in i88i, a few animals being retained to form the nucleus of a new
herd. This by 1898 had increased so much that another sale was necessary.
A good many of the animals were of the old- established Lilias tribe, which
came from Mr. Amblers sale in Yorkshire, and were originally obtained from
Mr. Jon. Peel, Knowimere Manor, Lancashire, at whose sale, in i86i, Lalage
was sold for 235 gs. They have been very prolific, and produced many prize
winners at the Royal Dublin shows. The Venus tribe traces from a good
Lincolnshire family, introduced into Ireland by Mr. Topham, which were
dispersed at Dowestown, co. Meath, in 1854. The Curry Duchesses, a more
recent introduction from Northumberland, go back to Mr. L. C. Chrisps
stock. Lord Mortimer 57,653, bred by Mr. Gumble- ton from the Mistress
Mary tribe, and Sunshine 64901, bred by Mr. F. W. Low from the Ardfert
Abbey herd, were used, also Royal Hal 69,463 and Lad of Alnwick 70,743,
from the Alnwick Park herd in Northumberland. At the Royal Dublin Show
first and champion prizes and silver medal were won in 1894, 1896, and 1898.
Shillelagh Lad 82,302, of Booth blood, and the Inverquhomery bull Robert
Bruce 77,661 have been in service.
The Shorthorns belonging to Lord Monck at Charleville, near Enniskerry,
held at one time a high position, and were very successful in the show yard.
The Gwynnes were a leading tribe. The Mantalinis had a good representa-
tive in Lady Collingwood, a daughter of Mr. Booths Polka, and the highest-
priced female at Mr. La Touches sale. The Myrtle and Beauty sorts, of
Mason descent, produced some splendid cattle, among which was Baby, a
Royal winner in 1851, and Bonnet, which was second to Colonel Towneleys
Butterfly at the Royal Irish meeting, 1853. The Charleville herd did a great
deal of good in its day, and at its dispersion most of the cattle were bought
to enrich the Irish herds.
Among those who made purchases on that occasion was Mr. Phineas
Riall, of Old Conna Hill, near Bray, who got some of the Gwynnes and
Myrtles. He also bought several females from Mr. Barcroft, and imported a
few Campanulas, of Mason descent, one of them a daughter of Lord Penrhyns
6oo gs. Duke of Geneva, while Mr. Jonas Webb supplied Daisy Chain, of
the tribe of Sylph by Sir Walter 2637. Among the earliest bulls used at Old
Conna was Mr. Chaloners Cadet 12,521 by Crown Prince 10,087, from Mr.
Torrs Heath Rose by Baron Warlaby 7813. He won first prize at the Armagh
and Carlow Royal shows, and proved an excellent sire. Later on, Killerby
Lad 20,052, of the Bracelet blood, was imported from Aylesby Manor. The
strength of the Old Gonna herd was reduced much by sales, but Captain
Lewis Riall, kept a small stock of the old strains of pedigree.
Mr. Wentworth Taylors choice herd was in existence at Tinahely for
nearly forty years, being the only pure herd kept by a tenant on the estate.
It was much bred from the Coollattin herd. Albion 2nd 49,000, of the
Mantalini, and Fernandez 60,807, of the Fame tribe, were purchased and
used, the latter winning third prize as a two-year.old at Dublin. Good cows
were obtained from Lord Rathdonnell, Mr. Bolton, Mr. Chaloner, and
Mr. Hugh Aylmer, in Norfolk, comprising some of the well-known Blossom,
Gwynne, Louisa, and Marigold tribes, the last of which came from a prize-
winning family of Colonel Bunbury, co. Carlow.
Mr. Samuel H. Jones, Clonmore, near Piltown, took a lively interest in
Shorthorns, and was a thorough-going supporter of Booth blood. He pro-
cured many animals of good early pedigree, and most of them had several
recent Booth crosses. A Killerby Mantalini was among the purchases, de-
scended from Ladylike, a daughter of Rose of Autumn. Lady Sarahs from
Westland, Campanulas from Kingsfort, as well as several of Lord Spencers
blood, and some of the prize-winning Peahens, were all to be found at Clon-
more. Mr. R. Booth sent over two first-rate bulls, British Flag 19,351, of
the Strawberry family, and Sir James 16980, the son of the Chester Royal
prize cow Nectarine Blossom. The herd was sold in i868, and there were
some good prices paid. A Lady Sarah fetched 8o gs.; several Victorias made
over 50 gs. each, as did a Mantalini. The average for females exceeded 35.
Mr. W. F. Budds, Courtstown, near Freshford, has animals of good old
blood, and has sent annually to the shows several capital young bulls and
heifers. The Dagmar or Pride of Apperley and Cherry Ripe families, as well
as the Swan and Violet families, have been successfully cultivated.
Mr. C. M. Doyne’s herd at Wells was established by his father in 1851
by purchases from Mr. Tynte, of County Wicklow, who obtained them from
Mr. R. Chaloner of Kings Fort, and Mr. T. Barnes, of Westland, County
Meath; the H. tribe represented this stock, and have retained their great
milking properties to the present day, prizes having been won in recent
years at the Dublin Spring Show. Several additions were afterwards made
by selections from the late Mr. W. Boltons herd in the county, and from
Lord Rath- donnells at Drumcar, co. Louth; these were of the Peahen tribe
and the Aylesby Flowers and Ws. The Victorias and Goldens came from
the late Mr. R. Weisted, of Ballywalter, Co. Cork, and Mr. G. Allens
Heath Roses and the Farewells from Dr. Thompson, of Kindlestown. The
sires have always been carefully selected from good breeders and of sound
old blood, chiefly of Booth strains. Prince Victor 81,969, a fine four-year-
old by Lord Fitzwilliams bull Robert Bruce 77,661, bred by Mr. J. Bruce,
Inverquhomery, was lately in service.
Mr. R. G. Wordsworth, Duffcarrig, Gorey, began his herd in 1893, and
the families of which it is composed are the Gwynnes, Romenas, Broadhooks,
Rosebuds, Lady Dunmores, and others. The leading sires used have been
Baron Rassendyll 72,012, Dr. Rainy 80,878, Graceful Tom 83,631, Ideal
Archer 88,890 Bapton Vulcan 85247, and Drayton Rearguard 83,324.
Lord Carew, Castle Boro, co. Wexford, began his herd in 1884 with pur-
chases made from Mrs. Moffat, Ballyhyland, Enniscorthy. The Coollattin,
Lady Lilias and Sunshines and the Tinahely Louisas are also represented.
The late Dr. Norman Thompsons herd at Kindlestown, Delgany, co.
Wicklow, was established more than twenty-five years ago by purchases of
specimens of the Fame, Gwynne, Heath Rose, and Peahen families, from
Messrs. Gumbleton, Weisted, and Bolton. In 1899 a sale was held when
purchases were made for the Royal herd at Windsor. Sires of Booth blood
had been used, but Lavender Nonpareil 70,756, a son of Count Lavender
60,545, was one of the last bulls in service.
Mr. E. A. Power’s herd at Power House, Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, was
begun in i88o, and the females are of the Abbyleix Soldier, and Sittyton
Premium families. High- class bulls have been used.
The herd of Mr. H. J. C. Toler-Aylward, at Shankhill Castle, co. Kilkenny,
was founded in 1896. The tribes comprise the Mantalinis, Roanys, Daisys,
Isabellas, and Soldiers. The bulls used have included Dumbarton 68,594,
Royal Prince 84,645, and Diamond Link 91,476.
The herd of Mr. C. G. Adamson, Auburn, Glasson, co. Westmeath, was
established in 1850, and traces largely to a coxv called Susan by Cato I 19.
Well-bred sires have been used.
12.15.2 Munster
An important herd in the county of Waterford was that established by the

late Mr. John H. Jones, of Mullinabro, The chief tribe was the Lupine, which
produced a large number of winners at the Royal and County shows, and
went back through early Booth blood as used at Apperley Court, Glouces-
tershire, by the Stricklands, to the cow Lady by Cecil 120, a son of the 1000
gs. Comet 155. The heifer introduced in 1830 was Lupine by Duke i 3 1,
and the bull Exotic, calved in 1829, bred by the Rev. Henry Berry, was also
purchased. The descendants of Lupine are still in the herd, which has been
continuously maintained, being now owned by Mr. J. H. Jones, son of the
founder. The other tribes now in the herd are as follows :The Golden tribea
most prolific family, descended from stock of Mr. R. Welsted, of Ballywal-
ter, tracing through Mr. A. L. Maynards Emily to Aurora by Victor 432;
the Lavender tribe, tracing to Lady Jane by Streamer 624; the Principessas,
tracing to Snowdrop 614; the Cowslips, so long bred at Ballywalter, and
tracing through Booths Lord Provost 46,697, Royal Mowbray 42,330, Elfin
King 17,796, etc., down to Middle- tons Bull 438 ; the Linnets, tracing to
Mr. Masons sale, 1829; the Isabellas, a prolific tribe, tracing to White Cow
by Agamemnon; the Florentines tracing to Young Rockingham 8498; and
the Flower of Aylesby tribe descended from Mr. Torrs Flower Girl; all came
from M. Talbot-Crosbies herd at Ardfert Abbey. The leading sires used
have been Lord Spencer 14,853, First Fruits 16,049, and Treasurer 19,018,
all bred by Mr. A. Cruickshank, Master Harbinger 18,352,Brigadier 36,265,
Forest Fame 72,546 (Talbot-Crosbie), Lord Zealand 8i,56o (Talbot-Crosbie),
Duthies Choice 80,956, an Aberdeen- shire bull Best Man 87,954, a Saphock
bull, and Manor Viceroy 95973, of Games blood, have lately been in service.
Situate on the bank of the Awbeg, is Oldtown, the residence of the late
Mr. Rowland Campion, whose Shorthomns made a remarkable figure at the
Irish shows from i85o to i86o. Mr. Campion was agent for several estates in
the district; he had a good eye for a horse as well as for a Shorthorn, and,
though somewhat crippled, he rode well to hounds. The cow Jenny was his
greatest winner, and to her was awarded the Purcell Cup of ioo for two years
in succession at the Royal Irish shows. Countess of Eglington, from a cow by
Captain Shaftoe 6833, and her daughter Eugenie, won prizes at Royal Dublin
and Royal Irish meetings. The April Daisy tribe was represented by Malvina
and her offspring. She was got by Lord of Brawith 10,465, own brother to Mr.
Wilsons famous heifer Lady of Brawith, which won the highest show yard
honours in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Joblings Splendours, descended
from Old Rosalind by Hector 1104, were also well represented at Oldtown,
and there were several excellent females tracing to Duchess by Red Highflyer
2488, in whose pedigree Magnum Bonum 4322 and Blucher 84 appeared.
Lord Spencers blood was well to the front, as several nice cows traced to
Jonquil by Wizard 6688 and Gondola by Wiseton 5368. The Mantalini cow
Ladylike and her descendants were the most important feature in the herd.
She was bought from Mr. Douglas, and won, in Mr. Campions hands,
several prizes at the Royal Irish shows. Her daughter, Elfieda by Gainford
4th 11,501, winner of first prize and gold medal at the Royal Irish Meeting in
1857, was an animal of remarkable merit, and Manuelita, another daughter
of Mr. Welsteds Puritan 13,541, was a cup winner at Cork. The best bred
bull which Mr. Campion used was Lord Garlies 14,819, winner of first prize
at Waterford Royal Show. He was bred by Mr. Mark Stewart, of Southwick,
and was got by Mr. Douglas Heir-at-Law I 3,005 from Cherry Blossom, a
daughter of Old Cherry by Pirate 2430. Some cows were sent for service to
Lamp of Lothian 16,356 and Nobleman 18,457 at Ardfert. Later on Master
Rembrandt 16,545 and Jeweller i8,io8 were hired from Mr. Thomas Barber,
of Sproatley Rise, Yorks. Miss Feathers, dam of Master Rembrandt, won
ten prizes, including a silver cup as best animal in the yard. A sale was held
in i86i, and the average exceeded 3ogs. The Ladylikes made the highest
figures, Manuelita, a very fine young cow, going at 104 gs. to Mr. Whalley,
of co. Wicklow, and Elfieda at 82 gs. to Mr. Allen, of co. Down. Mr.
Campion did not breed Shorthorns afterwards.
Higher up the Awbeg is Wallstown Castle, the home of Mr. James
Byrne, whose father laid the foundation of a herd by purchasing from Mr.
Welsted some of the descendants of the Durhams imported by Mr. Shinner,
of Doneraile. These cattle were good milkers, and it has been Mr. Byrnes
aim to keep up the milking qualities. The Walistown herd contained also
descendants of Embroidery, a prize heifer, by Duke of Beaufort 11,377, from
Emma by Humber 7102, a cow of Wiseton descent, as well as of Posy, of
Mason extraction, by Young Buckingham 11,220. The chief families in the
herd now are Mantalinis, G.s, and Waterloos. Mr. Byrne has been careful
to use sires of high class. He bought Valorous 27,701, of the Mantalini tribe,
from Lady Pigot, and British Master 41,155, of Mr. Torrs M. sort, from
Mr. Welsted. Statesman 47,152 and Lord Byron 57,592, both of the Man..
talini blood, were in service, also Ravenswood 22,682, Valorous 27,701, Lord
James Douglas 70,828, Bapton Herald 82,767, Golden Crest 81,163, and
Albert Prince 90,637. The young bulls are sold by auction at Cork every
autumn, and the heifers, usually when with calf are disposed of by private
treaty.
Mr. William Coppinger, Barryscourt, Co. Cork, entered into Shorthorn
breeding with great spirit early in the forties. He imported some first-
rate cattle of Wiseton blood, and made purchases from Mr. Fawkes, of
Farnley Hall, whence came the old Studley Bright Eyes. He bought, from
Mr. Charge, Louisa by Clementi 3399 from Duchess, and this tribe became
very prominent at Barryscourt. Descendants of Rosamond by Belshazzar
1704 were also secured, as well as other animals of good old tribes. Mr.
Coppinger was fond of showing, and won many prizes. Rollo 2nd 13,618,
which he bred from a cow of the tribe which produced the 400 gs. Usurer
9763, won second prize at Cork Royal Show in 1850. In the purchase or
hire of bulls he never grudged to open his purse widely, and he was fond
of buying those which judges declared worthy of the highest places in the
shows, provided their pedigrees were satisfactory. At the Royal Irish Show
at Killarney in 1853 he hired, at 200 gs. the year, Colonel Towneleys first-
prize bull Jasper 11,609. He was followed by Mr. Thomas Barnes Australian
12,414, a winner at Dublin, and own brother to Lady Pigots Victoria, bought
from her breeder for 500 gs., which was by Mr. Booths Hopewell 10,332 from
Britannia by Albion 7771. Western Wonder 17,225, of Masons Victoria tribe,
was bought at Dublin in 1858, when he ran second to Lamp of Lothian.
The celebrated Soubadar 18,901, first-prize yearling at Dublin, was the last
purchase Mr. Coppinger made. This was a bull of rare excellence, and
won many premiums, but was placed second to Colonel Towneleys Royal
Butterfly in the aged class at the Royal Dublin Spring Show. The victory
was not an easy one, and many of those who judge the judges thought
Soubadar the best in his class. He was superior to Royal Butterfly in width
of chest. Mr. Coppinger died early in the sixties, and his herd was dispersed
at moderate prices, the cattle being in low condition.
The late Mr. R. J. Maxwell Gumbleton founded a herd of xvell-bred
Shorthorns at Glanatore, co. Cork, by the purchases made in 1871 at the
sales at Westland and Castlegrove. Mr. Gumbleton was very fond of farm-
ing, and he improved very much a considerable extent of hilly land which
had been almost worthless before he commenced to till it. He had a great
liking for Shorthorns, and loved to own a first-prize winner at an important
show. The Medora tribe came to Glanatore from Mr. Thomas Barnes, the
Lady Sarah from Mr. J. G. Grove, Mr. Boltons herd supplied females of
the old Bright Eyes or Anna sort, and from Mr. Allen, of Unicarville, were
purchased Mantalinis and 1-leath Roses. The Castanets, of the Fame tribe,
were procured from Mr. Atkinson, of Northumberland, and a Madaline cow,
of Mr. Robert Jeffersons breeding, was also added to the stock. At the Ash-
field sale in 1873 Mr. Gumbleton bought several animals of the Sylph by
Sir Walter 2637, and of the Aylesby Heath Rose blood. Lady Pigot sent
over,to Glanatore the bulls Red Cross 32,247, of the Mantalini tribe, and
Opoponax 34,950, of the Bracelet sort. From Mr. Hugh Aylmer came Cap-
tain Cook 39,548, of the Chalk family, and Marcus 43,416, a son of Robert
Stephenson 32,313, from the 300 gs. Brilliant Butterfly, of the Madaline
tribe, was got from Mr. Downing. In later years he chiefly used sires of his
own breedingeither Fames or Mantalinis. Mr. Gumbleton won some prizes
in England, and was very successful with both bulls and heifers at the Irish
shows. His health had been gradually failing, and he died in 1889. The herd
was sold in the November of that year, and the cattle were in very moderate
condition, not having been prepared in the usual way for sale. The average
for sixty-four head was 30 6s. 6c1. A Madaline cow fetched the highest price
of the sale, and the Mantalini bull Lord Ashbourne made 50 gs.
Mr. John Downing laid the foundation of a herd at Ash- field, near
Fermoy, in 1869, by purchasing cows of the old Studley Bright Eyes and
Mr. Torrs Heath Rose tribes. The Bracelets were afterwards obtained from
Sir Robert Paul and Mr. Ellison. Medoras of the branch which produced
Mr. Chaloners Anchor 32,947 were also secured, as well as the Lupines, a
successful sort in the Irish showyards, the Lonesomes, descended from Lord
Spencers Nelly, and the Splendours which were well known in Mr. Joblings
herd. In 1871 a Mantalini heifer, having the Grand Duke 3rd cross, was
purchased at Mr. Barnes sale for 310 gs., and three of the Fame tribe were
bought at Castlegrove for 6oo gs. In 1876, at Mr. Hows sale in Hunts, a
Madaline heifer was obtained at a cost of 300 gs. The sires used at Ashfield
were Royal Duke 25,014, bred by Mr. Barnes at Westland; Lord Stanley
34,466, also bred by Mr. Barnes, and got by Royal Sovereign; Vain Hope
23,102, bred by Mr. R. Booth, a son of Lord of the Valley 14,837, from
Welcome Hope, of the Moss Rose tribe; and Robert Stephenson 32,3 I 3,
bred by Mr. W. Torr. He was out of Riby Peeress, which, with her three
daughters, made very high prices at the Aylesby sale; they averaged nearly
900. Robert Stephenson won twenty-one prizes in England, and was the
sire of some excellent animals, which were successfully exhibited. A draft
sale of forty head was held in 1873, and the average was about 40. The
herd afterwards comprised Booth tribes exclusively, six in number, three of
which, the Bracelet, the Mantalini, and the Madaline, traced to Killerby,
and the other three, the Fame, the Isabella, and the Bright Eyes, to Studley
and Warlaby. A second sale was held in 1878, when an average of 84 was
realized. In 1882 the herd was dispersed. Twenty averaged over 6, and of
these ten were heifers, which made an average of over 72.
The late Mr. Win. Meade, Ballymartle, near Kinsale, founded a herd
at an early date1835. In i86 it comprised four tribesthe Principessa,
Fan, Poppy, and Wall- flower, and no new families were afterwards added.
The first three of these were descended from the same cow, Gilly- flower by
President 84o9, a cow of quite ancient and excellent descent. Bulls of high
class were always used, and among them were several bred by Mr. Talbot-
Crosbie at Ardfert Abbey, namely, Crown of Britain 43,055 by Englands
Glory, Star of Halnaby zi z .,092 by Royal Halnaby, and Royal Conrad 45,513
by the same sire. The blood of the famous prize bull Soubadar 18,901 was
also infused into the herd through his son Soubadar 2nd 25,201. Mr. Meade
began to win prizes so early as 1840, and scarcely a year passed that he did
not gain an honour either at Cork or Dublin. The Welsted Challenge Cup
was won three years in succession by Mr. Meades bulls, and several animals
of the Principessa tribe which were sold were very successful when exhibited
by their new owners. Mr. Meade had a celebrated flock of Leicester sheep,
and used rams for many years from Messrs. Sanday, Pawlett, and Torr.
I-fe was deeply interested in the Cork Agricultural Society, and was long its
guiding spirit. His great ability and tact were shown in its management, and
repeatedly smoothed over difficulties. The herd was dispersed in January,

1893, but the cattle, being in low condition, were sold cheaply, the best
prices being 32 gs. for a cow and 38 gs. for a bull-calf.
Mr. Marmaduke Cramer, Rathmore, Kinsale, has been for many years
a breeder of Shorthorns, and though very fond of yachting, he is greatly
interested in his herd, which has been conducted during the past few years
by his son-in-law, Major Stopford. The tribes which he chiefly cultivates
are Mr. Torrs G.s, Colonel Kingscotes Honeys, and the Ruths, descended
from Rachel by Frederick io6o. He, like Mr. Meade, has used several sires
of Mr. Crosbies breeding, and has sometimes employed bulls bred at home.
His King Alfonso 36,831, as well as a heifer of the Ruth tribe, were leading
winners at the Royal Meetings, and animals from Rathmore have repeatedly
been in the prize list at the Co. Cork shows.
In the West Riding of Cork Miss Hungerford, The Island, for a long
period had a herd founded on the stock of her relative, Mr. Welsted of
Ballywalter. She also procured some females from Mr. Hugh Gorringes
herd in Sussex, one of which was a highly bred member of the Mistress
Mary tribe. Miss Hungerfords cattle competed successfully at the shows,
and the calves, which were always well brought out, were frequent winners
at Cork.
The herd of the Marquis of Waterford, at Curraghmore Home Farm,
Curraghmore, Portland, was composed of the offspring of cows purchased
from the Sandringham, Lord Carews, Dr. Norman Thompsons, Mr. W.
Armstrongs, and Mr. James Byrnes herds, and were of the Crocus, Broad-
hooks, Fanny, and Clipper families.
Mr. W. Norton Barrys herd at Castlecor, Kanturk, co. Cork, was es-
tablished in i88i, and Booth blood was strongly introduced. In 1892 the
herd was sold, except one family tracing to Rosamond, calved in 1846, by
Cotherston 6903, and bred by Mr. A. L. Maynard. The bull King Calais
72,769 by Beau Brummell 65,136 was used. Other sires have been Royal
David 50,362, Lord Ennismore 64,319, and King of Calais 72,769.
Lord Barrymores herd at Fota Island, Queenstown, comprises spec-
imens of families bred at Ardfert, Abbeyleix, Galtee Castle, and Lissard.
The families represented include the Waterloo, Musical, Empress of Oxford,
Soldier, and Horsted Rose. Among the sires used have been Verulam 70,880
by Sign of Riches 66,324, Duke of Hayle 76,548, Chewton Victor 5th 80,685,
Bapton Hero 87,861, Proud Duke 89,723, and Birdsall Duke 2nd.
Mr. Ludlow A. Beamish, Ashgrove, Queenstown, started his herd in
1891, and has Matalinis, Flower Girls, Annas, Wild Eyes, and Secrets.
The Right Rev. John C. Delany, Mount Melleray Abbey, Cappoquin,
commenced a herd in 1870. The animals were selected from good milking
strains, and attention has been paid to this feature. Bulls bred at Ardfert
Abbey have been among those used.
Sir William Joshua Paul, Bart., Ballyglan, Waterford. owns a herd
founded in 1849 by Sir Robert Paul, Bart,, and, during the following thirty
years, over 300 prizes and cups were won by animals bred there. The bulls
used have been of Booth blood, with one exception, viz. Lord Filleigh
Kirklevington 2nd 57,621, descended from Kirklevington 1st by Duke of
Northumberland 1940. From time to time the herd was much reduced,
representatives of the famous Bracelet family being sold to Mr. Meadows
and Mr. Downing. The herd at present consists of the Bracelet, Peahen,
Fanny, Glossy, Venus, Medora, Lilias, and other tribes. Glossy Renown
64756, from the Glossy family, was in service. The bull now in the herd is
Lochaber 81,463, bred by Mr. W. Armstrong, Aughna- gaIly House, from
a Lilias dam by Prince Rufus 75,325, bred by Rev. J. Wilson, Tyholland
Rectory, from his Diadem family, and from Sign of Riches 66,324. Prince
Rufus was one of the three bulls that won the Victoria Cup at the Royal
Dublin Societys Spring Show in 1900. Bracelet 2nd, a Ballyglan cow, was
sold to Mr. Meadows, and resold by him to Mr. CruicV shank for 295 ; her
bull- calf Ben Brace, which she was bearing at Ballyglan, was sold for an
equally large sum. Brooch and Breastplate, Ballyglan heifers, were sold to
Mr. Downing, and subsequently found their way to the Duke of Marlbor-
ough, at Blenheim. Descendants of Bracelet 2nd went to Lord Polwarths
and other well-known herds. The Venus, a Lanca- shire family, was intro-
duced into Ireland by Mr. Topham. The Lilias, also a Lancashire family,
was brought to Ireland by Lord Fitzwilliam, from Mr. Amblers sale in 1863.
The Peahen family traces its descent from the famous Peahen by Favour; the
Medora tribe from Medora by Ambo; and the Gwynnes from Nell Gwynne
by Phenomenon 491. Nearly all the Ballyglan cows go back to the first
volume of Herd Book.
In the county of Limerick, Mr. John Christy, a clever farmer residing
at Fort Union, near Adare, got together an important herd. He was well
acquainted with many breeders in England, and made selections from their
herds to found his own. Many of the animals which he imported had not
long-recorded pedigrees, but they caine from very good stocks, long estab-
lished, and known for their merit, and were of fine type and robust constitu-
tion. Lord Spencers blood was also strongly represented in the importations
made by Mr. Christy. He fed for shows with much skill, and carried off a
number of prizes at the shows of the Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland,
as well as at the Royal Dublin Shows. At one of the latter, Mr. Christy
exhibited Foundation, a bull of great substance, which won the gold medal,
and was sold to Lord Waterford for 200 gs., a large price at the time. Many
other good bulls were bred at Fort Union, and proved 20 that Mr. Christy
had succeeded as a breeder of sires, which is quite a test of skill, for it is
comparatively easy to breed nice heifers. The prize heifer Embroidery, of
Lord Spencers blood, was successful at the Royal Meeting at Limerick, and
brought ioo gs. to the coffers at Fort Union. Mr. Talbot Crosbie bought
Florence by Desmond, a heifer of rather short-recorded pedigree. She bred
some excellent animals, including Florentine, by Lamp of Lothian, a great

winner, and several other capital things, founding a good tribe which held
a high position in the fine herd at Ardfert Abbey even up to the time of
its dispersion. When Mr. Christy retired he sold his stock at satisfactory
prices, and his exertions for the improvement of the cattle of the district
were well appreciated.
Captain Thomas Ball, who once resided at Roberts Walls, co. Dublin,
came to Adare when appointed land agent to Lord Dunraven, and brought
his herd of Shorthorns to Mon- dellihy. He was a great exhibitor, and his
herdsman, Tom Quinn, was quite an Irish Joe Culshaw in the art of feeding
and showing. Captain Ball was very successful, not alone at the Irish shows,
but at the great Paris International contest in 1856. His greatest winners
for years were of the Peahen tribe, which was founded by a purchase made
in Yorkshire. He also bred some handsome females of Mason blood, as well
as those descended from purchases made from Mr. Dudding, of Panton. For
bulls he went a good deal to Mr. Thomas Barnes, of Westland, whose Booth
and Booth on Mason tribes produced so many animals of great merit. For
many years he turned out yearling heifers of great beauty at the leading
shows. After his demise the herd at Mondellihy, which was not a large one,
was sold at satisfactory prices.
Mr. Fitzwilliam Welsh, of Trough House, near Limerick, established a
small herd of good pedigree, which he bred for some years with great spirit.
He went to America and bought from Mr. Thorne, of New York State, a
capital bull, Hero of Thorndale, for 200 gs. This fine sire was got by the
English Royal winner, Grand Turk, bred by Mr. S. E. Bolden, a son of the
1000 gs. celebrated prize heifer, Lalla Rookh, which was purchased by Mr.
Thorne from Colonel Towneley at a very large price. Hero of Thorndale got
good roomy stock, and his services were employed by several breeders, who
sent their cows for service at a high fee. On leaving the co. Limerick, Mr.
Welsh sold off his small herd, which was scattered through Munster, Hero of
Thorndale going to Mr. Jonathan Bruce, of Miltown Castle, at Islanmore,
near Croon , co. Limerick.
Mr. Edward J. Smith laid the foundation of a herd which grew into
great note. From Mr. Jones, of Mullinabro, Waterford, he bought some of
his first animals, and from one of these, of the Lupine tribe, he bred Lictor,
an uncommonly fine bull and a great winner. After a time had passed, Mr.
Smith went for higher game, and sought animals of very choice lineage. Some
of Mr. Robert Holmes Victorias were obtained, and a few excellent heifers of
that blood joined the stock at Islanmore. At the sale of Mr. Jonathan Peels
herd at Knowimere Manor, Mr. Smith bought a splendid heifer, Brigantine,
for 350 gs. She was of the Warlaby Bliss tribe,, as bred by Mr. S. E. Bolden,
who crossed it with Duchess. bulls. She was got by Sir Sam by Mr. Booths
Sir Samuel, from a Bates crossed Bliss, and her dam traced back to th lovely
Warlaby cow Bridecake by Crown Prince. Brigantine was not a successful
breeder, but a son of hers was used at Islanmore. Mr. Smith was a buyer
at the sale of the great herd of Mr. Thomas Barnes, of Westland, securing
on that occasion a Mantalini heifer with the Third Grand Duke cross at
290 gs., and a Medora with many crosses of pure Booth sires. In 1875 Mr.
Smith dispersed his herd at good prices, Brigantine fetching 280 gs., and a
Victoria 200 gs.
Major R. W. Cradocks herd was originally established near Doneraile in

co. Cork in i 86o, from the stock of Mr. R. Welsted of Ballywalter, who
lived in the neigh bourhood. It was afterwards brought of Derrycalaghan,
now called Derryc, under the hills of Moneygall in the south centre of Ire-
land, where the Kings County and County of Tipperary join. Bulls were
obtained from Major Cradocks brother, the late Colonel Cradock, from the
old Hartforth herd in Yorkshire. These were Traveller 32,731 and Trumpeter
40,832, which contained much of the Old Cherry blood for which Haitforth
was famous. In I 86o the herd was removed to Derryc, and a sale in 1890 dis-
persed most of the old strains. The herd was then replenished with the best
strains of Booth blood; it now contains representatives of the Anna Brights
and Ribys and Aylesby Flower families, from the late Mr. Win. Torrs herd;
the Mantalinis, from Mr. R. Welsted; Mr. Reynells Lady Sarahs from co.
Meath, and the Diagrams, descended from Mr. Bellamys and Mr. Manns
old Didos in Warwickshire, which went from Mr. J. H. Blundelis herd in
Bedfordshire to Mr. Cope a Drummilly, co. Armagh. The sires since used
have been of favourite and well-known old tribes.
Mr. Abel Buckleys herd at Galtee Castle, Tipperary, sold in 1896, was
founded by excellent purchases from that fine stock established by Lord Lis-
more, at Shanbally, and the late Mr. Lalors, at Cregg. Valuable additions
were then made to it by purchases in England, viz, at the late Duke of Marl-
boroughs sale, at Blenheim; at Mr. T. E. Walkers, at Studley Castle, and
at Mr. F. Barchards, of Horsted Place, Sussex, where was purchased Cam-
bridge Duke 26th 58,582; this grand red bull (whose dam, Red Rose i 3th,
was selected, at a cost of 300 gs., to found a valuable herd in France) was
extensively used. Flower Prince 55,744 and Sir David FitzBooth 49,367
were both obtained from Mr. Talbot-Crosbies old- established herd at Ard-
fert Abbey, co. Kerry, and from the Duke of Northumberlands extensive
herd at Alnwick Castle the handsome roan yearling Beau Brummel 65,136
was purchased for 265 gs.
Mr. R. G. Carden, Fishmoyne, Templemore, who had bred Shorthorns

for many years, established his present herd, in 1896 by purchases from
Mr. Claude Chaloner, Kingsfort. The cattle are of the Louisa and Beauty
families of Mason extraction. Recently the bulls used included two bred by
Mr. W. Duthie.
12.15.3 Connaught
The earliest importations of Shorthorns into Connaught were made before
1830. Lord Oranmore, of co. Mayo, had some excellent stock, among which
was a splendid bull named Christopher 1829, bred by Lord Althorp.
Contemporaneously, Mr. R. P. Blake, of Rynville, and Mr. Barry OHara,
of Raheen, both in co. Galway, introduced Shorthorns into that district.
Mr. Joseph Lambert, of Brook- hill, Mayo, formed a high-class herd, and
imported two grand bulls, Wiseton Hero 2120, from the herd of Lord Al-
thorp, and Pliny 4689, from that of Lord Carlisle. In the recital of the early
Irish stocks of importance Mr. Lamberts herd has already been described.
Mr. Spencer Lindsay, of Hollymount, co. Mayo, was also an early breeder
of Shorthorns.
Mr. John Ffolliott, of Hollybrook, co. Sligo, was among the first who
founded a herd of pure-bred Shorthorns in Connaught. So early as 1832 he
held a sale, and many of the cattle were sired by the Booth bulls Volunteer
1553 and Augustus 1662, both of which had been used by Mr. Robert
Holmes, and some of the lots were got by Masons Monarch 2324 In i85o
Mr. Ffolliott had another sale, in which there were several representatives
of the Chilton Lady Sarah, the Ruth, and the Medora tribes. Marquis of
Chandos, bred by Mr. Wiley, and got by Mr. John Booths famous bull
Buck- ingham, had been in use, and a large number of the sale lots were
by him. Colonel Ffolliott succeeded his father at Hollybrook, and was, like
him, fond of Shorthorns. He made purchases from the stocks of Mr. Thomas
Barnes, of West- land; Mr. J. G. Grove, of Castlegrove; Mr. P. J. Kearney,
Mr. Talbot-Crosbie, Mr. E. J. Smith, of Islanmore; and Mr. Cooke, of
Ballyneale. His herd comprised many of the Victoria and Britannia tribes,
bred by Mr. Robert Holmes from Mason blood, as well as several of the
well-known prize- winning Ruth family; while there were also specimens of
the Waterloo, April Daisy, Medora, and Agnes tribes. Among the sires used
by Colonel Ffolliott were Goldstick 28,732, Dreadnought 30,895, Lord of the
Manor 29,181, and Ruthven 32,438. At a later time Lady Pigots Imperator
34,200 and Warrior Bold 37,648 were in service. At the sale the Victorias
made the highest prices; one of the heifers realised 100 gs., and the Ruths
came next; forty head averaged j 31 3s. 5d. Colonel Ffolliott subsequently
formed a small herd, in which the Victoria and April Daisy blood was again
prominent, and he made a few purchases of well bred animals from the Royal
herd at Windsor.
The Hon. A. F. Nugent had a celebrated herd at Pallas, co. Gaiway. He
was evidently an accomplished judge of pedigree, because his importations
from England were of first-rate blood, while the great success in the show
yard of the animals he bred proves that he had a clever eye for shape. Mr.
Nugent purchased from his breeder (Mr. Banner- man) Beau of Killerby
7821, a son of Mr. Richard Booths Raspberry 5875, from Mr. John Booths
celebrated cow Madaline, from which so many famous animals at Towneley

and elsewhere were descended. Beau of Killerby was the sire of Mr. Nugents
Maid of Killerby, first-prize cow at Dublin and Galway; also of Fop and Beau
Bill, the first and second-prize bulls at Dublin. He also got Buckingham
11,219, whose dam, Elspeth, of superb pedigree, and bred by Mr. Parkinson,
of Leyfields, was by Mr. R. Booths Cossack i88o, and was, therefore, half-
sister to the noted bulls Clementi 3399 and Collard 3420. Buckingham was
the sire of Bonnet and Baby, winners of many Royal prizes as cows, as well as
of Myrtle 5th and Fanny, equally distinguished as yearlings; also of Young
Buckingham, which stood second to Colonel Towneleys Jasper 11,609 at
Killarney Royal, in 1853. The Myrtle and Beauty tribes, which produced
so m my winners, were full of Mason blood. Mr. Nugent gave 70 gs. the
highest price at Mr. La Touches sale, for Lady Collingwood, daughter of Mr.
John Booths Polka, and she, like her relative, Rose of Summer, won many
honours. Bamboo I 1,132, of the Beauty tribe, was by Beau of Killerby 7821,
and was a prize winner and the sire of many animals distinguished in the
show yard, including Mr. Barcrofts Beau and Maid of Kilbogget, the former
a winner at Derby, and the latter at Dublin, where she was awarded the
Farmers Gazette Plate. Mr. Nugent sold his herd privately to Lord Monck,
but reserved Buck- ingham 11,219, and purchased Victoria 23rd at Mr. R.
Holmes sale. He expected to breed from her, when put to Buck- ingham,
animals which it would be hard to beat, but as she was slow to get in calf he
sold her to Mr. C. L. Ellison, and his favourite sire to that gentleman and
Lord de Freyne, who were partners in the ownership of Buckingham. Thus
ended the Hon. A. N. Nugents career as a breeder of Shorthorns. His fine
judgment was borne out to the last, for it happened that Victoria 23rd did
breed a heifer to Buckingham Victoria 35thwhich was sold by Mr. Ellison
to Lady Pigot, and won many prizes in England.
Lord de Freyne collected some choice Shorthorns at French Park, near
Castlerea. From Colonel Kane Bunburys sale at Moyle, co. Carlow, he
got Officious by Hopewell, bred by Mr. John Booth, of Killerby, and her
daughter Lady of the Lake by Northern Light I 3398, a very highly-bred sire.
Officious was a winner at the Killarney meeting of the Royal Agricultural
Society of Ireland, in 1853, in an extraordinary class of yearling heifers, in
which Mr. James Douglas won first and second prizes with Scottish Bluebell
and Rose of Summer, Lord Monck was third for Fanny, and Mr. Douglas
was fourth with Officious. Colonel Towneley and other noted breeders had
their heifers unplaced. These details show what excellent Shorthorns came
into Ireland in those early days, and it may be added that the Towneley
cow Butterfly and Jasper 11,609 were also at Killarney, where they were at
the head of their respective classes, Victorias and Rachels also came from
Moyle, as did Gardinia and Garter, which were descended from Adelaide,
of the Lady Maynard sort, the highest-priced lot at Mr. Pollocks sale, at
Mountains- town, in 1846, when she was bought by Mr. R. Holmes. The
Bride, a daughter of Baron Warlaby 7813 and of the Campanula tribe of

Mason blood, was selected at Mr. Chaloners sale. The chief sires were
Buckingham I 1,219, already named, and I3urnley Hopewell 15710, the first-
prize bull of the Yorkshire Show at Hull, which was hired from Colonel
Towneley at 20o a year. The herd vas dispersed by auction after Lord de
Freynes death, in 1863, and moderate prices were obtained.
Mr Charles Luke Ellison, of Loughlynn, Castlerea, a neighbour of Lord de
Freyne, bred Shorthorns for more than forty years. He began with animals
of ancient blood cultivated by his father at Standish Hall, near Wigan, and
by his uncle, Mr. William Ellison, at Sizergh Castle, West- morland. He
afterwards got animals of the much-admired Ruth tribe, as well as several
descendants of Mr. Maynards Rosamond by Velocipede 5552. From the Hon.
A. F. Nugent he bought, in partnership with. Lord de Freyne, that nobly-
bred bull Buckingham i 1,219) and he purchased Victoria 23rd, which had
not bred at Pallas, but was more fortunate in her new home at Loughlynn.
The winning career of her daughter, Victoria 35th, in Lady Pigots hands,
has been referred to; she produced also Victoria 36th by Burnley Hopewell
15,710, which was sold to Mr. R. Chaloner, and bred several heifers, some
of which Were purchased at the Kingsfort sale in 1869 by Mr. E. J. Smith,
of Islanmore, co. Limerick. Eleven females of the Victoria tribe averaged
88 9s., when there was a dispersion of the herd, at Islanmore, in 1875,
and Victoria 41st, a splendid Shorthorn, granddaughter of Victoria 36th,
fetched i gs. At the sale of Lord de Freynes herd at Frenchpark in 1863 Mr.
Ellison bought the Bracelet cow Bridal, a granddaughter to Mr. John Booths
Officious, and she was with calf to Vanguard 21,009, a son of the famous
winning bull Soubadar 18,901. Van- guards dam was Mr. Win. Coppingers
Virginia, of the Bright Eyes tribe, by Jasper 11,609, and she was also the
dam of Venus, the first-prize cow at Tralee Royal in 1869. Bridal produced
a heifer named Bracelet 2nd, which in the hands of Sir Robert Paul and Mr.
Joseph Meadows bred some remarkably good stock, and eventually joined
the herd of Messrs. J. W. and E. Cruickshank, at Lethenty. Mr. Ellison has
from time to time sold a good many Shorthorns privately, and, although he
is now engaged in the breeding of racehorses for sale, he is never without a
few pedigree cattle.
Mr. Allan Pollok, of Skahard, co. Galway, kept a stock of well-bred
Shorthorns for some years. His purchases were made from the herds of
Mr. P. J. Kearney and Mr. Topham, of Meath, as well as from those of
Hon. A. F. Nugent, Mr C.L. Ellison, Mr. J. Barcroft, and other breeders
of repute. The Elvira, the Lady Sarah, and Ruth tribes were represented at
Skahard, as were also the Splendours and the Glossys, of grand old blood.
The Booth strain was seen in the names of Monk 11,824 and Forrest 10,240,
Warlaby bulls used in co. Meath. Several of the cattle were imported
from the herds of Mr. Carruthers, of Arthington Hall, and other English
breeders; while another portion had pedigrees of little value. The herd did
not attain a position of distinction; the sires used were very numerous and
of miscellaneous breeding, and, as a consequence, there was not that type
and character for which a skilfully-bred collection of Shorthorns is always
remarkable. The great bulk of the herd were fed off for the butcher. The
stock of the district was, however, improved to a certain extent by Mr.
Polloks young bulls, which were sold at moderate prices, and were scattered
through the county, and the Galway steers were improved in quality.
Mrs. Pery-Knox-Gore, of Coolcronan, near Ballina, has been an ardent
admirer of Booth blood. Her first purchase of Shorthorns was made in 1875,
at Mr. E. J. Smiths sale, in co. Limerick, where she procured a Farewell of
the Titania branch, a Lady Sarah, and a Medora of the West- land family, as
bred by Mr. Barnes. From the herd of Mr. Bolton, in Wexford, a Mistress
Mary came, and the bulls Don Diego 33,539 and Invincible 34,2 i i were
imported from Lady Pigots herd. Mr. Thomas C. Booth now offered to
lend Mrs. Pery a helping hand, and he bought for her, at Mr. James Hows
sale in Huntingdon, the beautiful Madaline cow Blithe Butterfly at 360 gs.
From the Ashfield sale, in 1878, a Farewell heifer at 255 gs. and a Bracelet
at 210 gs. were brought to Coolcronan. A Mantalini, of the Ladylike branch,
as known at Ballywalter, co. Cork, was purchased from Rev. T. Staniforth
at 300 gs., and another, of the Pawlett-Mantalini sort, was bought as a calf
at Mr. Pickersgills sale for 150 gs. A specimen of the Anna tribe, as bred
for years by the Rev. John Storer, of Hellidon, was also secured for the
Coolcronan herd. Bulls were hired from Warlaby. When affairs in Ireland
owing to the land agitation became so unsettled, Mrs. Pery considered it the
safest course to sell her Shorthorns. The Duke of Marlborough purchased
her herd, save a few animals. One of those she kepta Farewellbred well, and
she has still a few Shorthorns at Coolcronan. Among them are some of the
Farewells, Goldens, Torrs, G.s, and the Augustas, and Rosemarys of Scotch
blood have lately been added. Since the death of her brother Mrs. Pery
added Knox-Gore to her name.
Mr. Jas. Mullany, Hollymount, Boyle, co. Roscommon, has a herd that
was formed in i 86o. The animals are descended from a cow by Frank 28,641,
bred by Mr. J. Meadows, Thornville. Sires bred at Collynie, Bapton Manor,
and Clermont Park have been in service.
12.15.4 Ulster
As already mentioned, Shorthorn breeding was entered upon vigorously at
an early stage in the north of Ireland, and the work of improvement has ever
since been zealously carried on in that part of the country.
A brief sketch of other prominent herds will now be given. In the county
of Fermanagh the late Mr. H. M. Richardson, of Rossfad, established a
herd nearly sixty years ago, purchasing from Mr. Fox, of Fox Hall, and
Mr. Douglas, of Athelstaneford. Among the animals bred was Alma, the
dam of Mr. Chaloners famous bull Anchor. About the same time the late
Mr. N. M. Archdale, of Crocknacrieve, commenced a herd from the same
strains, and the Jenny Linds from Athel- staneford achieved considerable
fame. Captain Archdale established a new herd, which produced a number
of good specimens. In Mr. John Maddens herd, started later, the high-class
bull Heir of Lothian 28,841, bred by Mr. E. J. Smith, at Islanmore, was
successfully used for six years.
Mrs. E. Walsh, Island View, Coote Hill, co. Cavan, bred a herd of
Shorthorns in England for thirty years. In Ireland the herd was more re-
cently established, and the families represented are the Caledon, Grana Uile,
Clermont Maude, and Norah, the Aberdeenshire Spicy, the Inverquhomery
Augusta, Mr. Taylors Ringlet, the Bates Horsted Rose, Winsome Lady, and
others. The sires have been carefully selected.
An old-established herd is that of Sir John Leslie, which has been in
existence at Leslie Castle, Glaslough, co. Monaghan, for more than half a
century. From it many bulls have been sent throughout the north of Ireland,
and have been the cause of improving the stock of the country. The bulls
used included Mr. Barnes Dr. McI-Iale 15,887 and Mr. Booths Prince of
Warlaby 15,107, and Ravenspur 20,628. A sale was held so early as and
other portions of the herd were disposed of in 1867, when Mr. Carr was
auctioneer. The tribes included some of note associated with the names
of Earl Ducie, Lady Pigot, and Mr. Mason, of Chilton. From a further
sale in i888, two females of the Rowena and Rose families were retained,
the Rowenas having been introduced from Mr. Webbs sale in 1863, while
the Roses were sprung from Baroness Warlaby, bred by Mr. Outhwaite,
Bainesse. These tribes continue to be represented. A very valuable family
originally introduced by Colonel Leslie was the Orphan tribe, of very high
merit, and which has been bred continuously for many years in the hands of
the Earl of Caledon. Some high-priced animals have come from this excellent
strain. The sires latterly used have included the prize bull Aristocrat 50,766,
Sign of Riches 66,324 and his two sons, Dr. Jim 70,267, and Klondyke 81,402,
followed by Modern Type 81,726.
Mr. J. A. M. Cope had a large herd of Bates blood at Drumm lily,
co. Armagh, containing specimens of the Elvira, Place, Revelry, Statira,
Honey, Craggs, Barmpton Rose, Wild Eyes, and other tribes. The Earl of
Dunmores Third Scots Fusilier 43,994 was among the sires used.
The Earl of Dartreys herd at Dartrey Castle,co. Monaghan, was started
in i8 8 when two cows, Butterfly and Beautiful, were bought at Mr. Cruick-
shanks sale at Sittyton. The former was by Master Butterfly 2nd (the 400
gs. bull at the Bushey Grove sale in 1857) from Campanula, descended from
Mr. Chrisps Premium, who was out of a Togston 5487 cow. The latter was
by Mr. Chaloners well-known bull The Baron 13,833, used in Ireland, Ab-
erdeenshire, and Kent, a granddaughter of Captain Barclays Cornucopia,
Mr. J. G. Groves The Czar 23,670 (by Sir James from Coquette of the
same tribe), Mr. Crosbies Lamp of Florence by Lamp of Lothian, and Black
Prince, bred by Mr. Drummond Dunlop were used. Subsequent additions
included representatives of the Gwynne, the Blossom, and other families.
Mr. Jas. Walsh, Carnowen, Smithborough, co. Monaghan, commenced
a herd about thirty-five years ago, the bull Backwoodsman 21,203, winner
of the Purdon Cup at Dublin, having been first used. The families are the
Orphan, Lady Florence, and Jubilee Queen.
Since i888 Mr. Robert Sxvann, Swanns Cross, co. Monaghan, has owned
a herd, the original purchases having been made at Sir John Leslies sale at
Glaslough. Among the tribes represented are the Flower Belle, Bright Eyes,
Chenille, and others. The bulls lately used have been of Warlaby and Scotch
strains.
The herd of Miss Rose, Mullaghmore, Monaghan, comprises specimens
of the Butterfly family, descended from Syiph by Sir Walter 2637; another
Butterfly family tracing to Butterfly by Master Butterfly 2nd 14,918, bred
at Sittyton, and of the Premium tribe; and Roses from Rose by Son of Prince
Ernest 2nd io,6 . Sires from Cortober House, Clermont Park, and Straffan,
have recently been used.
Mr. Jonathan Richardson, Glenmore, Lisburn, co. Down, who died on
August 3, 1869, first purchased Frederica and Mina, from Mr. Chaloner,
about i8 i. From Mina he bred Lily by Baron Warlaby, and she produced
by Prince of Warlaby the celebrated prize bull Soubadar 18,901, sold to Mr.
Coppinger, who used and successfully exhibited him. Victoria i6th, a twin
heifer, was purchased at the Moycashel sale, in 1853, for 200 gs. This cow
was the dam of Carlylse 14245, used by Mr. C. J. Knox. Lady Harris, of the
Rose de Meaux or Mason Portia family, came from Mr. St. Geo. Gray, and
Jewel 6th from Castlegrove. Colonel Towneleys Valiant 10,989 was used for
three years, and the best cows were sent out to Messrs. Booths, and other
good bulls. At Colonel Leslies sale, in 1867, he bought Empress of the East,
and she produced two heifers, the last being by Mr. Barnes Royal Duke
25,014.
Among the noted herds in co. Down was that of Mr. J. W. Maxwell, of
Finnebrogue, Downpatrick, which was commenced in 1831. The late Lord
Dufferins fine herd was sold in 1859. In it such excellent sires as Vulcan
40,898, Welcome Guest 15,497, and Prince of Warlaby 15,107.
In 1847 the valuable herd of Mr. George Allen was commenced at
Unicarville, and it became one of the best collections of the Booth strains
in Ireland. Among the families represented were the Mantalini, Madeline,
Fame or Farewell, Heath Rose, Lady Sarah, Fanny, Jenny Lind, Irish Girl,
and others. Well-bred Booth bulls were used, among them Mr. R.Booths
Prince of Warlaby 15,107 and Ravenspur 20628, Lady Pigots Prince Victor
20,606, Mr. T. C. Booths Great Hope 24,082, and British Hero 30,604, and
Albion 36,112, of the Mantalini tribe, bought at the Island sale, in i881, for
230 gs. A nice lot of young bulls were sold annually, good prices having been
obtained. Some of the animals were secured for service in pure-bred herds,
others being purchased for crossing purposes. The herd was an impressive
one, and exercised a beneficial influence on the stock of the country.
In co. Antrim several good herds have been maintained, the work of im-
provement having been begun at a very early period. As already mentioned,
Sir R. Bateson, of Belvoir Park, Belfast, purchased Shorthorns in 1820. Mr.
S.Orr, Flowerfield, Coleraine, in 1840, secured from Mr. Whitaker the cow
Remnant by Remus 550. Mr. C. J. Knox, of Cranagh, selected animals from
Kingsfort and Westland. Mr. H. Anderson, of Bushmills, bought cows from
Mr. Topham, of Candlesby and iVIr. Holmes, of Moycashel, and he also
purchased the cow Rennet from Mr. R. Booth, of Warlaby.
Mr. John McElderry, Ballymoney, has bred Shorthorns for many years,
his present herd having been formed about 1890, the cows tracing to the
Kingsfort, Whitewell, Ardfert, Ballywalter, Kindlestown, and Garvagh herds.
Sires of Booth blood were used. Recently Silver Mist 82,314 by Champion
74,204 was in service.
Mr. Charley, of Seymour Hill, in 1846, bought several well-bred Short-
horns in England from the herd of Mr. Unthank, of Netherscales. Purchases
were made at Lord Dufferins dispersion sale in 1859, and among the sires
used were the Aylesby bulls Subaltern, Fawsley Prince 17,837, and Fitz Dane
21,752.
The foundation of the Earl of Caledons fine herd at Caledon, co. Tyrone,
was laid by Mr. John Watson, who, with good judgment, selected Fair
Maid at the Royal Dublin Show, when exhibited by the late Mr. Archdale,
of Castle Archdale, in 1864. The Orphan tribe came from Colonel Leslie,
of Glaslough in 1867, and Grana Uile from Sir Victor Brooke, Bart., in
1882. Fair Maid, descended from Mr. Chrisps stock in Northumberland,
produced Fair Girl by Mr. J. G. Groves Count Robert 30,812, and she was
the dam of the bull General Roberts (by Mr. Welsteds Lord Loin), that
won first prize at the Royal Dublin Show, in 1879, in a f class of 145 entries,
where he was bought by the judge, Sir Jacob Wilson, to go to Belgium; Fair
Girl also bred two fine heifersFair Lady by Mr. Talbot-Crosbies Sir Booth
Gwynne 35,542, and Georgina by Mr. Geo. Allens Bright Aylesby 46,000.
The Grana Uiles all go back to Lady Royal of the old Sylph tribe, which
Mr. Chaloner purchased privately from Mr. Win. Torr, at Aylesby. When
Mr. Cameron became manager at Caledon in 1888, two more animals were
purchased at the dispersion of Sir John Leslies herd at Glaslough, and soon
afterwards the herd began to take a position as a good breeding stock.
Royal Rufus 52,060, bought of Mr. R. Welsted, in service three seasons, was
a son of Royal Mowbray, hired from Warlaby. Golden Jubilee 57,394 brought
in the blood of Lord Rathdonnells herd, his dam being by Anchor, winner
of first prizes at the three great national shows in England, Ireland, and
Scotland. Private Secretary 61,553 which came from Clermont Park, was
by Mr. Cruickshanks Secretary of State, and Starlight 64,887 was by Mr.
Crosbies Sovereign Star from a Gwynne cow. In 1893 the celebrated bull Sign
of Riches 66,324 was purchased by Mr. Cameron, in Aber- deenshire, from
his breeder, Mr. W. S. Marr; he was most successful, not only leaving fine
stock in the herd, but distinguishing himself by winning at the. Highland
Societys meeting at Dumfries, as well as the Chaloner Cup at the Dublin
Show. In 1896, at the show in Dublin, not only were six prizes won, the
young bulls making high prices, but the Chaloner Cup, the Pho nix Cup,
and the Leinster Cup for the best group of Shorthorns were awarded to
the Caledon exhibits, making a total value of 11419 ios. for cups and prize
money. Sign of Riches was the sire of Farrier 74,528, a bull that realized the
highest price that had then been paid at auction in the Argentine. Caledon
Chief 74,163, from a dam by Sign of Riches, also made a very high price.
Laureate 67,299, bred by Mr. Duthie, was also a successful sire in the herd.
Other leading sires having been Laureate 67,279, Master Robin 73,025, Sir
Hector 87,378, and Scottish Captain 93,359.
The herd at Donaghmore, co. Tyrone, belonging to Messrs. J. G. W. and
W. R. Lyle, long enjoyed a high reputation as being one of the oldest and
best in the north of I reland. It was founded by the father of Messrs. Lyle as
far back as the year 1857, and during nearly the whole of that period it was
under the successful management of the late Mr. Ferguson, on whose death
it was dispersed in 1901. The Roses came originally from Mr. Sam Wiley,
of Brandsby, in Yorkshire. Those descended from Cantatrice, a celebrated
winner and sister to prize animals, came from Mr. J.Meadows, co. Wexford.
The Perfumes, a family that bred the beautiful animals Woodland Queen,
Lady of the Vale. and others, came from Sir John Leslie, Bart. The Evelyns
were purchased for Lord Castle Stuart and originally came out of Yorkshire
from the same herd that produced Mr. Bates celebrated Oxford tribe; and
the Sylphs through Rowena 25th by Aristocrat 50,766, the first-prize bull
at the Royal Dublin Show, 1887. The bulls used at one time came from Sir
John Leslie, of Glaslough. Later animals were secured from other leading
herds.
The herd belonging to Mr. Walter R. Crawford, The Priory Farm, Tul-
lyhogue, co. Tyrone, was founded in i 86o, and comprises representatives
of old-established families, including the Blossom or Beauty, Chemisette,
and May- flower.
The sires selected for service have been of high breeding and individual
merit: Clarendon 60,502, by Secretary of State 56,536 and from the Cruick-
shank Beautiful tribe; Woodland Lord 65,050, from Donaghmore; Pioneer
71,155, from Mr. A. M.Gordon, half-brother to Corner Stone and from a
Star of Morning cow; Woodland King, 75,946, a home-bred bull, and Cham-
pion 74,204, another home-bred bull, which stood second to Her Majestys
champion bull Royal Duke, at Dublin, 1900; Sittyton Signal 77,922, bred by
Mr. Duthie, and of the Amaranth tribe; Tirowen 78,010, of the Heather-
wick May- flower tribe; also Medallist 70,988, from Mr. Marrs Missie family.
During the last six years many prizes have been won at Dublin, Belfast, and
Londonderry shows.
Mr. Thos. J. Crawford, Limepark, Tullyhogue, commenced a herd in
1900, and the chief families are the Beautys and Normas. The sires used
have all been prominent prize winners.
Mr. R. W. Bells herd at Windmill Farm, Croagh, co. Tyrone, was com-
menced in 1897, and the families include the Caledon Orphans, 1-Jettys,
Strowan Marchioness, Groats, Broadhooks, Clemencys, Lady Dorothys, Blos-
soms, Countesses, and Foggathorpes.
Mr. A. M. Kirker, House, Belfast, also owns a large herd, which was
founded by purchases at the Caledon sale in 1898, while twenty animals
were selected at English sales in 1902, comprising representatives of some of
the best Bates families.
Sir Hugh H. Smileys valuable herd, at Ardmore, Lame, was established
in 1898, purchases having been made at the Caledon sale, while many fine
animals came from leading herds in Scotland, including three from Upper-
mill. The bulls Candahar 78,522, bred by Mr. J. Wilson; Merry Emperor
79,420, bred by Mr. W. Duthie; Franz Joseph 78,915, bred by Mr. J. Wil-
son; and Scottish Favourite, bred by Mr. W. Marr, have been among the
principal sires used.
At Kildery, Mr. Hart had a good herd, which was established in 1852
by the purchase of two cows and a heifer from Mr. Smiths herd at West
Rasen, Lincolnshire. Good sires of Booth blood were used.
Among the noted herds in Ireland is that for so many years kept at
Favour Royal, Tyrone. The late Rev. W. Moutray began to use Shorthorn
bulls soon after 1840, and was greatly impressed by the great improvement
effected by their use with his dairy cows. He decided to form a herd, and
selected some prize heifers and a bull in 1852. Subse- quently superior
animals were bought from the Glaslough, Dartrey, and Thornville herds, as
well as from Sir Robert Paul. Sires full of Booth blood were secured from the
herds at Castlegrove, Islanmore, The Island, Ashfield, and Straffan. Large
sales were held in 1872 and 1878. Mr. Anketell Moutray continues the herd,
and sires from Stoney- town, Clermont Park, and Mains of Murthly have
recently been used. The chief families are the Normas, Blossoms, Acombs,
Elviras, Fames, and Chaumontels.
In Viscount Bangors herd, at Castle Ward, Downpatrick, the recent sires
have included Montford Hotspur 73,098, of Bates blood; Monitor 75,101,
bred by Messrs. Lyle; Diamond Jubilee 72,340 by Sign of Riches, and White
Bear 75,896.
Mr. J. Bowdens herd at Cortober House, Cootehill, has a herd bred
on Booth lines, several being descended from Lord Rathdonnells stock and
others of the Booth line of the Gwynnes as well as Cruickshanks. Sires
recently used included Scottish Prince 77,831, Pride of Fame 79,598, Bapton
Herald, 82,767, Bapton Banner 85239, and Leonard 92,236.
12.16. RECENT PROGRESS 517
The Colebrooke herd, co. Fermanagh, was founded by the late Sir Victor
A. Brooke, and was sold in 1882, when Lady Hester by the Warlaby bull Sir
James 28,971 was retained, and it is from her descendants that the stock
now owned by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., are descended. There are also
Orphans from the Caledon herd.
Messrs. Stevenson, The Collon, Londonderry, in 1886 made purchases
at the Rose Park and Donaghmore sales, and additions have been made
from the Knock Abbey and Clermont Park herds. The families now in the
herd are the Sprightly, Medora, and Perfume. Recent sires have come from
Tullyhogue and Ballymoney.
Mr. George Bell, Moneymore, Londonderry, commenced a herd in 1892,
the families being the Augustas, Miss Rams- dens and Katherines.
A herd was begun by Mr. M. M. McCausland, Drenagh, Limavady, co.
Londonderry, in 1877. The herd comprises descendants of Own Sister to
Isabella, Waterloo, Victoria, Priory, Beauty.
The herd of Mr. Joseph Carson, Ballydawley, Coagh, Moneymore, was
commenced about 1864. The strains are the Ruby, Gwynne, April Daisy,
and others. From the commencement bulls of Booth blood were used, until
a few years ago, when some Sittyton, Clermont Park, and Rettie strains
were introduced. Sires have been very carefully selected, and of these Ladas
68,877, bred at Clermont Park, was particularly successful. Quite a number
of the animals from this herd have been sold for exportation.
The herd of Mr. Philip Jordan, Hillsborough, co. Down, was begun
about fifty years ago, but a fresh stock was introduced in 1870, the Gwynnes
and other families with Booth crosses being the chief strains. Sires bred by
Lord Clermont, Lord Rathdonnell, Lieut.-Colonel Villiers Stuart, Rev. J.
Hall, and Mr. R. Hamilton Stubbs have been in service.
Major R. T. G. Lowry, Pomeroy, co. Tyrone, owns a herd descended
from Tink-a-Tink, Fairy Queen, Red Rose, and others. Sires of Straffan and
Warlaby blood have lately been used.
Mr. H. B. Murray, Ardnaveigh, Antrim, began his herd in i 894, when
four cows were purchased, descended from a cow bred by Mr. P. Riall, Old
Gonna Hill, Bray, tracing to Mr. Booths Mantalini by Marcus 2262.
12.16 Recent Progress

The foregoing particulars show the chief sources from which the various
herds in Ireland have been derived, and the leading families and strains that
have been cultivated. For many years the Booth-upon-Mason line was the
favourite system of breeding, and a comparatively small number of herds
furnished the sires for use among the ordinary stocks of the country. The
agricultural depression which set in about 1879 had a very serious effect in
Ireland, where agriculture is the main, and in many places the only, industry.
During the last twenty years vast changes have occurred, and a new system
of live stock improvement has been introduced. For a number of years the
Royal Dublin Society administered public funds for the improvement of cat-
tle and with comparatively small funds did a great deal of good under
the method of selecting bulls at the annual shows of the society, to which
premiums were awarded. The Department of Agri- culture and Technical
Instruction for Ireland now carry on the work, and have made great efforts
to improve the quality of the cattle of the country through the introduc-
tion of pure-bred bulls into districts where the small farmers had previously
depended upon the use of nondescript sires. Mr. Robert Bruce, in an in-
teresting paper on Shorthorns and Shorthorn Herds in Ireland, contributed
to the Journal of the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction
for Ireland (March, 1903), and from which some facts as to existing herds
have been embodied in the foregoing notes, shows that, whereas in Vol.
XXI. of Coatess Herd Book, published in 1876, there were fifty-seven own-
ers of Shorthorns in Ireland, in Vol. XLVIII., published in 1902,entries were
recorded from one hundred and eighty-two breeders in that country. The
breeding of Short- horns is, therefore, now in the hands of a much larger
number, comprising many tenant farmers, and with this extension of the
breeding interest there has been a wider recognition of merit in strains out-
side those that for so many years had been almost exclusively relied upon,
and which unquestionably exercised an excellent influence on the cattle of
the country. The successful use of the Scotch-bred sires, Secretary of State
56,536 and Lord Mayor 61,193, at Clermont Park; Scotland Yet 53640, at
Straffan; Sign of Riches 66,324, at Caledon, and others, led to an extended
use of this blood, and those who have attended the Royal Dublin Societys
shows for a number of years have been able to see a considerable improve-
ment in the young bulls bred in the country. The older families are main-
tained in many herds, and altogether a more vigorous effort is being made
to increase the practical usefulness of the breed, which is the predominant
variety in Ireland. As the country exports to Great Britain from seven hun-
dred thousand to eight hundred thousand cattle annually, the importance of
the Shorthorn breeding interest must be apparent. In April, 1907, a meeting
of Shorthorn breeders in Ireland was held in Dublin, presided over by Lord
Barrymore, when, on the motion of the Right Hon. Frederick Wrench, it
was unanimously resolved, That an Association of Irish Shorthorn breed-
ers be formed to promote the interests of Shorthorn breeding in Ireland,
and generally to take such steps as may be deemed expedient to further
that object. Mr. Wrench mentioned that of the total exports from Ireland,
which amounted in 1906 to the value of 46,000,000, cattle formed one-fifth,
or over 9,000,000, and they might take some satisfaction to themselves that
no animal had had such a predominant influence in improving Irish cattle as
the Shorthorn. Therefore, not only were the interests of Shorthorn breeders
of great importance to themselves but also to the country in general. The
12.16. RECENT PROGRESS 519
Association at once set to work. It has already secured several benefits to

breeders in Ireland, and will, no doubt, perform a useful and important part
in the future of Shorthorn breeding in that country. 2 P
Chapter 13
The breed in the colonies

and foreign countries
Very early in the history of improved Shorthorns the merits of the breed
were recognised abroad, and specimens began to be exported. These were
in most cases called Durhams, a distinctive geographical title being usually
very attractive in foreign countries. This name, though never quite exact,
has still been retained, in many cases, abroad. Notes on the development of
the breed in some of these countries are given in the following pages. The
numbers exported in earlier years are unknown, but through the courtesy
of Mr. E. J. Powell, Secretary of the Shorthorn Society, the particulars
on the fol1o ving page are available of the actual number of Shorthorns for
which exportation certificates were issued by the Shorthorn Society of Great
Britain and Ireland during the years from 1882 to 1906, and the countries
to which they have been sent. The list is in continuation of one introduced
by Mr. R. H. Rew in a paper in the Transactions of the Highland and
Agricultural Society.
13.1 Shorthorns in the United States and Canada

13.1.1 Introduction of the breed
The greater part of the section relating to the breed in the United States
and Canada was contributed by the late Mr. William Warfield, Grasmere,
Lexington, Kentucky.
In the history of Shorthorn cattle in America we have an exact analogue

of the history of the English people in that country. We have to trace no
mazy threads back into the dim past; we have no intricate and fascinating
problems of origin to investigate and solve. Our labour is confined to the
521
522
Africa
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Holland
India
Jamaica
Japan
Madeira
N. Zealand
Norway
Russia
S. America
Spain
Sweden
Tasmania
U.S.A.
Siam
Italy
Portugal
Year Total
1882 - - 7 - - - 46 - - - - - - - - - 29 - - - - - - - 82
1883 - - 10 12 1 - 40 - - - - - - - - - 18 - - - 44 - - - 125
1884 - - 16 22 - - 14 24 - - 1 - - - - - 142 - - - 3 - - - 222
1885 - - - 3 - - 12 17 1 - - - 1 - - 1 156 - - - 2 - - - 193
1886 4 - - 8 - - 2 30 - - - - - - - 2 254 - - - 2 - - - 302
1887 14 - 10 9 - - 4 26 - - - - - - - - 375 - - - 111 - - - 549
1888 5 2 1 2 - - 14 48 - - - - - 1 - - 661 - 3 - 15 - - - 762
1889 1 2 2 2 1 - 2 13 - - - - - - - - 606 - 1 - - - - - 630
1890 - 7 - 1 - - 17 25 - - - - - - - - 207 - 3 - 6 - - - 266
1891 - 3 1 1 2 - 10 13 - - - - - - 1 1 31 7 59 - 13 - - - 142
1892 4 6 1 1 - - 10 21 - - 2 - - - - - 112 - 39 - - - - - 196
1893 13 - - - - - 3 15 - - - - - - - - 218 1 21 - - - - - 271
1894 20 3 - - - - 2 25 - - - - - - - - 113 - - - 3 - - - 166
1895 2 - - - - - 6 9 - - - - - - - 2 277 - 5 - 16 - - - 317
1896 1 1 - - - - 2 15 - - - - - - - - 667 - 23 - - - - - 709
1897 2 5 - 1 - - 2 6 - 5 - - - - - 1 686 - 5 - - - - - 713
1898 4 20 - 57 - 1 2 17 - - - - - - - - 419 - 3 - 60 - - - 583
1899 13 - - 222 - - 2 15 - - - - - - - 19 626 - 2 - 21 - - - 920
1900 4 13 - 490 - - 2 15 - - - 1 - 2 - 26 479 - - 1 97 - - - 1130
1901 24 11 - 244 - - - 19 - - - 2 - 12 - 58 44 - - - 124 1 - - 539
1902 26 6 - 469 - - - 8 - 2 4 3 - 1 - 85 146 - 5 - 116 - - - 871
1903 49 6 - 113 - - 2 5 1 - - 9 - 3 - 36 937 - - - 11 - 1 - 1173
1904 15 21 - 44 - - 2 18 - - - - - 8 - 8 1183 - - 1 2 - - - 1302
Table 13.1: Exportations of Shorthorns, countries and numbers

1905 25 19 - 35 - - 6 10 - - - - - 1 - 2 1626 1 10 - 1 - - - 1736
1906 9 18 - 49 - - - 6 - - - 1 - 9 - - 2357 2 - - 6 - - 5 2462
CHAPTER 13. THE BREED ABROAD
13.1. SHORTHORNS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 523
story of pioneer importations, gradual establishment, growth, and develop-

ment. In the main the story is a simple one. When America was first settled,
Shorthorn history had not begun. But even if it had, there is no reason to
think that it would have been in any wise affected by the colonial growth of
the new world. Of course, the earlier settlers brought cattle with them, The
Spaniards brought the ill-shapen and long-horned cattle of the Cordilleras
to occupy the plains of the north and the pampas of the south. The thrifty
French brought their small breeds, more useful in the dairy than on the
block. The English brought the ordinary stock of the day, and used them
for milk and butter and cheese, for beef and for draught purposes. John
Alden, the hero of the tender passages of Longfellows Courtship of Miles
Standish, the Puritan Captain of Plymouth colony in the Massachusetts of
to-day, led home his bride on their wedding-day mounted on a milk-white
bulla bull much lauded and often commemorated by the many descendants
of John and Priscilla Alden. But the cattle imported in the early days of
the colonies must have been few. The voyage was long and trying, the ves-
sels but sorry craft, and the expense such as few of the settlers could afford
to incur, for it must be remembered that the immigrants were as a rule of
humble station and of few worldly goods. The exceptions to this rule were
more brilliant than numerous. In Virginia, it is true, there was enough and
to spare of good blood, but it flowed in the veins of visionaries, or of needy
adventurers, in most cases. It is a common error to over estimate the wealth
of the colonies, and to under estimate the cost and risks of transportation.
The policy of the English Govern- ment under the Navigation Acts made it
very difficult to import live stock, even down to the outbreak of the war of
the revolution. Occasionally we hear of well- bred stock, generally of Devons,
in the New England colonies. Naturally these cattle were the pioneers. The
south-west of England was strongly represented among the Puritans, while
all that region in the north east, where the Shorthorn was being developed,
had in earlier days stood for the king, bidding the crop-headed Parliament
swing, and sent few colonists to the new world, and those who came largely
sought the more liberal southern colonies, where gold and tobacco were the
ends of existence. The stock brought to the northern colonies was character-
istic of the thrifty people who there made their homes, and there are many
traditions as to their value, and some claims of specific excellence and of
good blood. None of these can be sub- stantiated, however. Maryland and
Virginia also preserved traditions of cattle from the valley of the Tees, said
to have been imported in colonial days. It seems most probable that these
claims rested on fact, for these colonies flourished greatly in the early decades
of the eighteenth century, and they were bound to the north of England by
many ties of blood and social relations. The southern planter imitated in
all that he was able, the style of the English country gentleman,and many
a manor house on the James, the York, and the Potomac was a rough copy
of the old Yorkshire family seat.
524 CHAPTER 13. THE BREED ABROAD
Not unnaturally it was to this section that the first stock which can be
positively identified as belonging to the Durham breed was brought. About
the year 1783, two gentlemen residing in the city of Baltimore, Maryland,
imported a number of cattle, and placed them on their estate on the banks
of the Potomac river in Virginia. There is no record to show the number
or the breeding of the cattle so imported. They are described as belonging
to the beef and milk breeds, terms long used in America to describe the
Long- horns and Shorthorns respectively. The incompleteness of the records
is not surprising. In England the impulse towards improvement had only
just begun. Bakewells work was already proving an individual failure, while
promising a general success ; Hubback had just found a place in the herd of
Charles CoIling; and the Herd Book was yet forty years off in the future. In
America the war was scarcely over. Not till November 25th, of the year 1783,
did the retiring forces remove the English flag from the battery at New York.
The country was without resources, without an adequate Govern- ment,
utterly prostrate financially and commercially. Messrs. Gough and Miller,
therefore, very naturally regarded their enterprise in a far different light from
that in which it would now be regarded. The pure public spirit of many of
the wealthy men of that epoch puts to shame the pecuniary, calculating
spirit of to-day. These gentlemen made their object the improvement of the
cattle in their neighbourhood, and they could not expect to be reimbursed
for the cost of importation.
We know in general from contemporary accounts that the Longhorns
showed the influence of Bakewells intelligent labours. The Shorthorns were
simply the ordinary representatives of the unimproved breed. They were
excellent milkers, and were the substantial general-purpose beasts which
commended the breed to such wide-awake men as the Messrs. Colling,
Booth, Bates, Whitaker, and their contemporary coadjutors.
These cattle were interbred, and formed a distinct local variety. For
many years they were the favourite variety of cattle in Maryland and north-
ern Virginia; but it was in the west, particularly in Kentucky, that they
left their mark. They were taken to Kentucky about the year 1790 by Mr.
Matthew Patton, a neighbour of Messrs. Gough and Miller, and by him and
his sons and a son-in-law very carefully bred. From Kentucky they spread
to Ohio, and under the name of Patton Stock played an important part in
preparing the way for the introduction of the pedigreed animals. I shall have
occasion to return to their history in that connection. These are about the
only Shorthorns which we can identify in very early days in the south, and
if we turn to the middle States we meet as meagre a record.
There are a number of pedigrees in the American Herd Book which
contain crosses from a bull called Brisbanes Bull. Of this bull we have
no definite and certain record which would justify a positive dependence
upon his breeding. For this reason I felt constrained to omit him from my
history of imported Shorthorns1 . He is said to have been imported into

New York by a butcher of the name of Heaton. Mr. Heaton, so the story
goes, came to America in 1775 from England, and in the prosecution of his
calling found the native stock so inferior that he determined to make an
effort at improvement. In consequence of this determination he imported
in the year 1791, from the herd of George Culley, then living near Grindon,
in Northumberland, several head of Shorthorns, and among them this bull.
Again in 1796 he made an importation of a bull and a cow, this time from the
herd of one of the brothers Colling. The bull above referred to passed into
the hands of Mr. James Brisbane, of Batavia, New York. We know nothing
definite of the rest of the importation. The cattle in the neighbourhood
of Batavia felt the impress of this importation, whether through Brisbanes
Bull alone, or through others which came after him, it is impossible to say.
At best the value of this incident is to show how, here and there, an animal
or a little group of animals were brought over in answer to the deeply-felt
need of better cattle, only to be lost in the great mass of inferior stock.
The first true record of an American Shorthorn is to be found in the
pedigree of Red Rose, in the first volume of the English Herd Book, at page
457. This pedigree reads as follows:
RED ROSE. Red, calved in 1811. Bred by Mr. Hustler;

property of Mr. T. Bates; got by Yarborough, d. (bred by Mr.
R. Colling, and called “The American Cow”) by Favourite, g. d.
by Punch, gr. g. d. by Foljambe, - by Hubback.
The cow called in this pedigree the “American Cow” has the honour of
being the first Shorthorn known to have been imported to America. With
regard to her history there has been some controversy, but there seems to
be no reason to reject the evidence for the main point, namely, that she
was imported to America and afterwards returned to England. The usually
accepted account of this cow is as follows
Mr. Hustler was a well-known breeder at Acklam, near Stockton-upon-
Tees, and probably in the first year or two of the nineteenth century, he
purchased of Mr. Robert Colling a cow of his best blood by Favourite out
of a cow by Punch, etc. This cow he sent out to his son (who had removed
to New York), it is said, together with other cattle, also well bred. After
some years this cow was returned to England. Being bred to Yarborough
she produced Red Rose, and so became the ancestress of Rose of Sharon,
the progenitress in turn of one of the most justly celebrated of American
families. The return to England rescued the American Cow from oblivion.
1
As I shall have occasion to refer now and then to this book for fuller information than
can be given in this sketch, it may be well to explain that it is a simple but complete
record of all animals of the Shorthorn breed imported into America to December 31, 1884,
and published by the American Shorthorn Breeders Association. - W. W.
Whatever other cattle the younger Hustler had on his New York farm left
no continuing record.
It is worthy to remark that the breeding of this cow was of the very best.
It would be too violent an inference to conclude that she was typical of all
the Shorthorn stock then imported, yet it affords some support of the claims
advanced for the cattle whose pedigrees have not survived the lapse of time
and the carelessness of pedigree which was then universal, that they were of
the best blood of the day.
13.1.2 The early importations to the seaboard states, 1815-

24
With the year 1815 we reach a new phase of Shorthorn history. As the
period down to that year may be compared to the discoveries made by the
early voyagers, so this period may be compared to that of the first feeble
settlements. In the earlier years the breed was really in a formation stage
in England; now it had struck its roots deeply, and was spreading wide
its branches. The difference in vigour was great. The names of Colling,
Booth, and some of the other early breeders were now widely known. The
great sale of i8io had been noted with interest in the United States. The
war of 1812 had made way for just and natural relations between England
and her first-born daughter, and America was now fairly launched on her
career of unexampled growth and prosperity. Not yet, nor for some years
to come, were the American importers to fully comprehend the conditions
of the future development of the Shorthorn trade. To them beef and dairy
products were the sole end and aim of their cattle breeding. They bought
cattle because they possessed the good qualities which they desired, and
they were content if they proved their breeding by transmitting their merit
to their produce. The day of records had not yet come, consequently the
pedigrees are vague, and the period takes the character of a transition from
no records to full and carefully kept pedigrees.
Naturally New York, then rapidly advancing to the first place among
the States, leads the way. An English gentleman, named Cox, imported
into that State, in 1815 or i8i6, txvo cows and a bull, and placed them on a
farm in Rensselaer county, near the city of Albany, the property of Mr. Cad-
wallader Colden. These animals, as far as is now known, had no pedigrees,
and their descendants passed into the ordinary stock after being kept up
for some time by the use of two imported bulls, Comet or Cornet i 8 and
Nelson 19142 , brought to America in 1823 by Messrs. Wayne and Bullock,
and Messrs. Wayne and Cox respectively.
2
In this section dealing with Shorthorns in America, the numbers in brackets refer to
the American Herd Book; without brackets to the English Herd Book. rhere was an error
in the record of Comet, which is explained in History of Imported Shorthorns, pp. 628-9.
A distinct advance is to be seen in the little importation of 1815 to

Moscow in the Genesee Valley, New York, probably made by Mr. Samuel
M. Hopkins. It consisted of two head, a bull and a cow. The bull was
bred by Mr. Whitaker, and was called Marquis 408. He was by Welling-
ton 679, out of Magdalena by Comet 155, out of a cow by Cupid 177.
The cow was called Princess, and was bred by Sir Henry Vane-Tempest.
She was by Wynyard 703, and in the following year she produced a calf
(Princess ist) to Wellington 684, having been bred to him in England. In
1817, this little herd was increased by the addition of a bull, Moscow 9413,
bred by Sir Henry Vane-Tempest, by Wyn- yard 703, and tracing back to the
celebrated Princess family of Mr. Stephenson, being thus the first to bring
to America that illustrious succession of Favourite 252, R. Collings White
Bull, Hubback 319, Snowdons Bull 612, Mastermans Bull 422, Waistells Bull
669, and Studley Bull 626.
For the present I shall omit any reference to the Kentucky importation
of 1817which, if treated chronologically, would fall hereand pass on to sev-
eral other importations made to the North-east, which have a closer logical
relation to the herds just mentioned :TYoung Denton 963, imported in 1817
by Mr. Samuel Williams, of Massachusetts, was the first representative of
Mr. Wetherells herd. This bull plays quite an important r6le in the history
of American Shorthorns. He was a fine bull, and a fine breeder, and was
used for a long time on all the stock in the district where he was owned.
Had American foundations been recognised, he would have been a second
Favourite 252, having been used for several successive generations in many
instances, and with marked success. Some of these instances occurred in the
case of pedigreed cattle, so that the Herd Books offer not a few instances of
three successive crosses of this bull. Young Denton was followed in i8i8 or
1819, by Ccelebs ( 349), and Flora, imported by Mr. Cornelius Coolidge,
of Boston, Mass. They came from the herd of Mr. Mason, and introduced
that distinguished breeder to American breeders. They were both by sons of
Comet 155, the one by Hercules, the other by Lafons son of Comet. Ccelebs
was a remarkable sire of milkers of high merit. He was bred to Flora, and
got Young Flora, and from her sprang a strain long perpetuated and most
favourably regarded in early times. This strain got the name of the Cream-
pot breed, and were greatly sought after by dairymen. The bull Ccelebs was
used on the get of Young Denton, and so kept the little strain of pure blood
in Massachusetts free from native alloy.
Mr. Williams was so well satisfied with his first ventures that in 1822
he bought of Mr. Wetherell the roan heifer Arabella, by North Star 460,
calved April 10, 1821. She is recorded in the third volume of the English
Herd Book, with the produce of nine years. Her first five calves, calved in
1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, and 1828, were by Young Denton. The first four
were heifers, very welcome additions to the little company of pure-blooded
Shorthorns. In 1829, she did not produce a calf, and after that she was
bred to Admiral i6o8, Frederick 2038, and Patriot 2412. Young Denton was
probably no longer available, and the country was by this time (183o33) well
supplied with bulls.
In 1823-4 Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin sent out to the Massachusetts Agri-
cultural Society the bull Admiral i6o8, bred by Mr. Wetherell, by North
Star 460, and out of a cow by Comet 155, and two cows, both in calf. One
of these cows was Annabella, bred by iVIr. Wetherell, by Major 398, out of
a cow by Denton 198, in-calf to Wellington 683. The other was Blanche, by a
son of Comet i in calf to Fitz Favourite 1042. Both of these cows produced
heifer-calves, fortune continuing to smile on the little Massachusetts colony.
It will be only necessary to note briefly a few other animals imported
during this period. In 8i8 a bull called Fortunatus, alias Holderness, was
imported by Mr. Gorham Parsons, of Brighton, Massachusetts. In 1820 Mr.
Theodore Lyman brought out a bull, and in 1821 Messrs. Fish and Grinnell
brought out a cow and two bulls, but had so little enterprise that they do
not seem to have ever obtained their pedigrees. As we have now reached
almost the year of the publication of the first volume of Coatess Herd Book,
this is somewhat surprising.
Here ends this chapter in the early history of the introduction of Short-
horn cattle into America. The New York and Massachusetts importations
of this period for some reason failed to awaken a responsive spirit in the
people. The cattle were kept up in a half-hearted way in some sections, but
in most cases all that they did was to arouse a local interest in better stock
and lead to the breeding of high grades. Indeed, the north-east has never
taken very kindly to the breeding of fancy stock of any kind. The agricul-
tural rather than the commercial spirit has ruled its operations. Good cattle
have been valued, but only as producers of beef and dairy products. Specu-
lation has been eschewed and practical improvement for general utility has
been cultivated. In this way, both in horses and cattle, the extremes have
been avoided. Whether the result is the most desirable is an open question.
From the earliest times the sections which have sought the highest standards
of excellence in pedigree and individual character have suffered from infla-
tion and speculation, but they have secured the very best, and in the main
have far surpassed those sections which have been content with material as
apart from theoretical excellence. In turning to the planting of the breed in
Kentucky, we shall meet with a very striking contrast.
13.1.3 The planting of the shorthorn in Kentucky: the im-

portation of 1817
In 1783 Mr. Mathew Patton secured a Longhorn bull from the Gough and
Miller importation for his herd in Virginia. In 1790 he removed to central
Kentucky, then a part of Virginia, and settled in what is now Park County,
bringing some of his half-blood Longhorns xvith him, and in 1795 he secured
two more of the Gough and Miller cattle, but this time they were of the milk,
i e. the Durham breed. The heifer xvas a pure white, except her ears which
were red, of fine size, high form, short crumply horns turning downwards.
This heifer, called Venus, was the hope of pure-blooded stock in Kentucky.
She produced two calves, both bulls, to the bull which had come with her,
Mars, and died, much lamented, as we can well believe. One of these bull-
calves was sent to Chillicottie, Ohio, and by his excellence, and that of his
get, left a memory which was in future days to waken a good demand for well-
bred cattle. The death of Venus dashed the hopes of any pure-bred stock,
but several more bulls of the some sort were brought to the State and the
blood was jealously guarded. The result was that a fine mixed Long- horn
and Shorthorn graded stock grew up, which flourished and became famous
under the name of Patton stock. The merits of this stock were not imaginary.
They competed successfully in the shoxvyards with the later importations of
Shorthorns, and the universal verdict of contemporaries xvas in their favour
in comparison with any of the old stocks. The rich blue-grass region, by its
fertility and peculiar adaptation to stock-raising, no doubt had something
to do with the very gratifying results obtained, and it is certain that these
results led to the introduction of cattle direct from England in 1817. Indeed
the Patton stock gave the impulse to the importation of 1817 and dictated its
character; for Mr. Sanders, the importer, would have imported Shorthorns
only had not the success of the old cattle and the opinions held with regard
to them led him to include Longhorns also. The results were long persistent.
The mixed stock, and even pure Longhorns, found entrance to the American
Herd Book, the first volume of which was published in 1846.
The revival of interest in agricultural matters at the close of the war of
1812 was great and prompt. The West was alive with new immigration, and
enthusiastic with youth. Lexington, Kentucky, settled about 1779, was the
metropolis, as the pride of the pioneers named it, of the West. In the midst
of the blue grass region, the home of the most cultivated society west of the
mountains, the seat of a large and flourishing university, this little city was
full of a far- seeing enterprise. Among the citizens no one was more liberal
spirited than Colonel Lewis Sanders, a prosperous merchant. In the early
summer of 1816 he conceived the idea of holding on his farm near the city
an exhibition of the cattle of the county. There was at this time no fair
association in the country except in Massachusetts, where an association
had been formed in 1811. Colonel Sanders, speaking of the motives which
actuated him, said: I was reared on a farm, but was subsequently thrown
into other pursuits, but always looked on agricultural improvements with
much interest, and sought information on this subject at home and from
other countries. Cattle shows and exhibitions of fine stock were common in
England and in some parts of the United States. Like influences, it seemed
to me, would have beneficial influences on us. The people of Lexington took
a cordial interest in the plan, and subscribed prizes freely. The show, says
Colonel Sanders, was a novelty, bringing together citizens of the neighbour-

ing counties, making a great assemblage. Never was anything like it seen
in the country before. The finest cattle in the State were there :Captain
Smiths famous bull Buzzard (named after the English race- horse of great
celebrity), Juskips magnificent brindle bull, and many other fine cattle of
each sex, of the old Patton breed. It xvas probably this meeting which
determined Colonel Sanders to make an importation of castle direct from
England. The reports of Charles Collings great sale of i8io fixed his fancy
on the Shorthorn, but local influences caused him to divide his choice with
the Longhorns. An order was sent through the commercial house of Messrs.
Buchanan, Smith, and Co., of Liverpool, for such animals as could be pur-
chased for 1500 dols., with specific directions that none but the best should
be purchased on any account. If the money was sufficient the following ani-
mals were to be purchased :A pair of the Holderness breed, to be gotten in
Yorkshire; a pair of Shorthorn Durhams, from the River Tees, in Durham;
and a pair of Longhorns, from the County of Westmorland.
The order reached England at a time when general peace had succeeded
the long European war. Prices, so high in i8io, had now greatly declined.
The consequence was that the agent, a Mr. Etches, a butcher, and also at
one time a breeder of improved stock, was able to secure just double the
number ordered. The twelve head were shipped to Baltimore, and thence
travelled by road on foot over the mountains to Kentucky. One of the heifers
died on the way; the others arrived back safely. The seven Shorthorns were:
1. Tecumseh (5409), roan, bred by Mr. T. Clement Winston, on the

River Tees, got by Constables Bull, brother to Comet.
2. San Martin 2599, red, bred by Mr. Scott.
3. Comet (1382).
4. A bull of the Holderness breed, got by Mr. Wares Bull. (This bull left
no record, and was lost sight of.)
5. Durham cow, from Mr. Wilson, Standeross.
6. Two heifers from Mr. ShipmanMrs. Motte and the Teeswater cow.
The three Shorthorn cows proved prolific, and we can name at least
twenty-six calves which they produced. These were all by pure Shorthorn
bulls, with one exception, Pink by Mundays bull (half Longhorn) out of the
Teeswater cow. The produce of these cows were as excellent as they were
numerous. They easily held their own against the Longhorns, Pattons, and
the Herefords imported in 1817 by Hon. Henry Clay, and gradually occupied
the entire field. The first clash came in the show ring during the autumn
of 1818. Unfortunately, the records of this exhibition have perished. The
records of the following year, 1819, were preserved by Colonel Sanders, and
by him put into the hands of my father. The results of the contests were
much mixed. The imported Longhorn bull, Bright, won the prize as the
best bull, and Old Buzzard of the Patton stock proved his powers as a sire
in more than one instance; but the prize winners were chiefly of the newly
imported Shorthorns.
Unfortunately, no pedigrees other than those given above were sent with
these cattle. Colonel Sanders had failed in business in the interval between
the despatch of the order for the cattle and their arrival, and his interest in
them had passed to three gentlemen, Messrs. Smith, Tegarden, and Munday,
none of whom appreciated the necessity of a certificate of breeding. Years
after efforts were made to secure pedigrees, but in vain. The want of full
pedigrees ruined the future of this stock. The arrival of this importation was
an epoch- making event. The whole western country was aroused by it. On
every side interest was quickened and intelligent views of improvement began
to prevail. For fourteen years the Seven- teens held undisputed control of
the country, and maintained an excellence of the very highest order. When
the later importations began to come in about 1831, the owners of the new
cattle, all of which had complete pedigrees, undertook to disqualify all the
old stock from competing with them, and began a rancorous assault on
their right to be deemed Short- horns. The Seventeenss for a long time held
their own in the showyard, and at the auction block, but gradually they lost
caste, and for some years have been regarded, at least, as unfashionable.
The assault on these cattle was most un- reasonable, but in commercial
competition the weakest always goes to the wall. In the craze for mere
pedigree, which ruled from i 86o to i 88o it was not to be expected that
these cattle would be spared.
From 1817 to the time of writing Kentucky has been the centre of the
Shorthorn interest. From the blue grass region have radiated the lines of
influence which have told most strongly on Shorthorn history. There have
been notable exceptions to this general fact, as I shall have occasion to point
out, but in the years from 1817 to 1878, at least, Lexington has been the
most influential point in both the thoroughbred horse and Shorthorn cattle
market of the United States.
13.1.4 The beginning of the national interest: the Powell,

Whitaker, and Dene importations
I have hitherto had local and transitory influences to deal with. I now turn
to the beginning of a truly national interest in the Shorthorn. This was
due to the enterprise of Colonel John Hare Poxvel, of Philadelphia, who
imported a large number of cattle from 1822 to 1834, and built up a large
and justly celebrated herd, and to the recognition of the excellence of this
herd, chiefly by the Kentucky breeders, and the sharp competition for the
best animals in the herd. Colonel Powel imported some thirty-one head of
cattle. The early importations were selected by Mr. Coates, and were
made with special reference to milking qualities. Mr. Coates selected the
cattle very largely from Mr. Jonas Whitakers herd, so esteemed for those
qualities, with such success that the later importations were made entirely
through Mr. Whitaker.
The Whitaker herd, though the main source whence these cattle were
drawn, was not the only one, such herds as those of Messrs. Richard Booth,
Wetherell, Barker, and Woodhouse being represented. Mr. Powels catalogue
of 1827 contains the pedigrees of seventeen head, thirteen of which Mr.
Powel had himself imported. This catalogue marks the growing valuation of
pedigree. From this time forth the breeding is as important as the quality
of the animals. Among these thirteen, two cows are notable as founders of
important families: Desdemona by Frederick io6o, of the Old Daisy tribe,
and Belina by Barmpton 54. Belina was long the pride of Mr. Powels heart.
In a herd selected for milking qualities she was the miker par excellence.
She was advertised and publicly tested, and passed through all the phases
of dairy notoriety so familiar to us now, but so rare in that early day, and
made a really remarkable record as a butter producer. Her descendants
perpetuated these qualities to the third and fourth generation.
Of the importations subsequent to 1827 the most noticeable animals were
the bull Bertram, said by Mr. Coates to have combined more perfection of
form, handling, and dairy qualities than any bull he ever saw-; he xvas by
Frederick io6o out of Red Daisy (another of the Old Daisy tribe) a favourite
with Mr. Whitaker, and afterwards sold to go to Kentucky at boo dollars;
and the cow Cleopatra by Pilot, bred by Richard Booth. This cows name is
a household word among American breeders. She early came to Kentucky,
and at the sale of David Sutton in 1837, though ten years old, brought 6oi
dollars, the proceeds of five of her calves raising the total to 6201 dollars
for the six, an average of 1033.50 dollars. Cleo- patra was esteemed by
competent judges the best of all the cows imported by Colonel Powel. The
cow which made the greatest posthumous reputation for this herd, however,
was Rosemary by Flash (261), which was not imported by Colonel Powel,
but by Mr. Law, of Baltimore, in the year 1821. Her calf Virginia by General
(272), bred in England by J. C. Curwen, was purchased from Mr. Law, and
appears in the catalogue of 1827, already mentioned. From Virginia sprang
the Lucilla family, a branch of which, the Louans, proved one of the best
and most celebrated of American families.
Colonel Powel was a man of high social position and large wealth. Deeply
interested in forwarding the agricultural interests of the country, he devoted
his energies to various improvements and experiments. For a long time he
was corresponding secretary of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society, and
in that capacity he, by xvide correspondence and numerous publications,
drexv attention to many important improvements, especially in live stock.
It was by a happy fortune that the man who was to co-operate with him
in setting in motion the wide dispersion of his Shorthorn cattle was none
other than Colonel Lewis Sanders, whose enterprise had given Kentucky the
importation of 1817. Colonel Sanders had by 183 i largely recovered from the
financial difficulties which had befallen him in i8i7, and had built up quite
a herd of the descendants of the cattle he had imported. Having bred, says
he, in a letter published in 1832, from the stock of my own importation until
a cross was evidently necessary, I knew of none that could with propriety be
introduced for that purpose except Colonel Powels, of Philadelphia. With
that view I went to examine his stock a year ago, and procured for my son
three females and one male of that justly celebrated stock. Colonel Powels
favourite and select animals were transferred to Mr. Burnitz, of York, Pa.,
of whom I made the purchase for my son in March, 1831. The animals thus
imported xvere Garcia, Lucilla, and Flora, and the bull-calf Sultan (163).
By the following March, Garcia had produced two bullsPontiac, a very fine
bull, at one time farmed by my father, and Improver. Sultan proved a
fine breeder, and the result of the cross of these bulls on the old stock was
gratifying. So pleased was Colonel Sanders with the new cattle that he was
inclined to think them better than the old stock. But others differed from
him, notably my father, Captain Benjamin Warfield, who, having some time
before retired from the Bar, was now beginning actively to engage in the
breeding of Shorthorns. This act of Colonel Sanders directed the attention
of the Kentucky breeders to Powelton, and also of the breeders of Ohio, who
were in close relations with them. As a result, many of the Powel cattle were
brought west. Among them was Oliver (2387), perhaps the finest breeding
bull of all the Powel stock. He was out of Garcia (mentioned above) by
Memnon (1223), and was calved in 1830, when she was barely two years
old. He was brought to Kentucky by the Hon. Henry Clay, who used him
for a time and then farmed him a season, during which my father sent several
cows to him. The result was so satisfactory that he was purchased in 1833,
and put at the head of the herd at Grasmere, where he remained for seven
years. In 1840 he was sold to Mr. John 0. Handy, and headed that herd
for the two remaining years of his useful career. The memory he left at
Grasmere was a fragrant one, and it was long kept green. In a period of
sixty years not more than three others deserved to rank with him among all
the bulls used in the herd.
With 1830 began a period of inflation in the United States. The coun-
try was prosperous. The opening up of the west was proceeding with great
rapidity, money was made with little difficulty, speculation was rife, the
national debt had been extinguished, and a vast surplus was rapidly accu-
mulating in the national treasury. The Shorthorn interest felt the influence,
and till the collapse, which began in 1837, came about 1839, the demand
for cattle was active, and high prices were freely paid. Colonel Powels herd
was dispersed at good prices under the demand thus created. The greater
part came to Kentucky and Ohio, but still they were scattered so widely as
to make the interest for the future national. Mr. Jonas Whitaker sent out
to Colonel Powel in 1837 a consignment to be sold for him, consisting of
sixteen bulls and twenty to twenty-four cows3 , and again in 1838 and 1839,
six bulls and twenty-two cows, in all sixty-eight head, as nearly as I can
determine. These cattle were sold at very good prices, and widely scattered
through the east and west.
It was thus in a very large degree due to Colonel Powel that so many
of the cattle of this period were derived from the herd of Mr. Whitaker.
It was a formation period, and so deeply did the Whitaker stamp impress
itself on the country that to this day Whitaker blood is everywhere abun-
dant and highly esteemed. With perhaps the single exception of the Ohio
Companys importations from 1834 to 1836, America owes more to the im-
portations made by and through Mr. Whitaker than to any others. The
cattle were well bred, but they were chosen for their personal merit rather
than their breeding. There was no chaff in this early sowing. All was sound
grain, the ground had been well prepared, the sowing was well done, and
the harvest was rich and abundant. America was in sore need of cattle to
improve her native stock. In the Whitaker cattle she got cattle that were
deep and rich milkers, and good beef beasts as well. Not all, even of the
specifically Whitaker importations, were bred by Mr. Whitaker. Mr. Booth
was represented by Isabellas and Bright Eyes (Anna), Mr. Stephen- son by
his Bright Eyes family, Mr. Hutton by Lingcroppers, Mr. Woodhouse by
Beauties, and so forth, all of them chosen with care and judgment by Mr.
Whitaker.
The interest grew on every side from the first. Attracted by those taken
to Kentucky from Pennsylvania, Mr. Walter Dun, a Scotsman who had
settled at Lexington, Kentucky, sent to Mr. William Douglass, a friend in
Scotland, an order to go to Yorkshire and purchase for him there a number of
cattle. Their coming was widely heralded, and in unstinted language. They
were chosen, it was said, for merit only, without regard to price. They arrived
safely on November 26, 1833. They were the bull Symmetry (5382), and the
cows Caroline by Dashwood (9731), Daisy by Wild (11,134), Multiflora by
Walter (u,i i8), White Rose by Publicola (1348), and Red Rose by Ernest
(10,017). They were a good lot of cattle, and proved good breeders, but
they found it no easy matter to beat the old stock, either in the showyard or
at the auction block. This, however, was only a beginning, Mr. Dun alone,
or in conjunction with Mr. Samuel Smith, imported between 1883 and 1838
eleven others. The most valuable of these animals was Comet (1854), calved
in 1834, and imported in 1836. He was bred by Mr. Crofton, and had quite
a reputation as a show bull, though far from being a first-class animal. He
3
There is some question as to the exact number; I have enumerated twenty- four in my
history. - W.W.
was much vaunted, however, and secured a far greater fame than his merit
justified. This was proved by the appearance of Comet Halley, of the Ohio
Companys importation, which beat him easily. So popular did he become,
however, that 3000 dollars was refused for him in 1838. Prices were at their
highest about this time. The cattle owned by Messrs. Dun and Smith in
2Q partnership sold the same year for large prices, iooo dollars being paid
for the five months bull calf Oliver Keen, and 2100 dollars for the cow Mary
Ann and her bull calf Otley (4632).
The Dun cattle were greatly puffed, and introduced for the first time
the spirit of commercial speculation into the cattle market. This was very
deplorable. It led to bitter contro- versies, in which the other cattle in
the State were mercilessly and unjustly assailed by supporters of the new-
comers, the fruits of which were distrust and uncertainty on the part of
many breeders.
A number of other persons made importations about this time, among
others Messrs. Jackson and Runsen of New York, Gibbons and Poole of New
Jersey, Denny of Pennsylvania, Neff of Ohio, Rodman of Massachusetts, and
Dunn, Fergusson, and Smith of Canada. The most important of all, however,
was the Ohio Companys importation, which had a great effect on the future
of American cattle.
13.1.5 The Ohio Company’s importations and the founda-

tions of great families
A company was formed in Central Ohio in 1834, for the purpose of mak-
ing an importation of Shorthorns. This company is notable both for the
enterprise and intelligence with which they prosecuted their plan, and also
as the precursor of quite a large number of similar companies, such as the
Fayette County (Ky.) Importing Company 1839 the Northern Ken- tucky
Importing Company 1853, the Kentucky Importing Company 1854, and so
forth. Mr. Felix Renick was selected as the agent to purchase the cattle,
thus introducing into the history of Shorthorn cattle the name of a family
which has played a very important part in it. Mr. Renick was a thoroughly
competent man, a good judge of cattle, and an excellent man of business.
The prices in England at this time were low, and Mr. Renick was able to
purchase the highest class of animals at such a price as enabled the Com-
pany to realize very handsome profits on their venture. Forty cows and
twenty-six bulls were imported between 1834 and 1836, a very large num-
ber for so short a period, but the demand fully justified the purchase. The
first consignment of nineteen head was shipped to Phila- delphia, and then
walked over the mountains to Chillicottie, Ross County, Ohio, a distance of
about six hundred miles. The later shipments came by way of New York,
the Erie Canal, and Lake Erie, to Cleveland, Ohio, and thence overland a
distance of less than two hundred miles. Among these animals were some
of the most famous in our annals. Among the bulls I may note: Goldfinder
2066, Comet Halley (1855), Matchem 2283, Duke of Norfolk (1932), Acmon
(i6o6), Armitage (i6 ), Greenholme Experiment (2075), and Nimrod (2371).
These bulls were good individually, and proved excellent as breeders. Un-
fortunately they have not continued to be remembered as the females have.
This is due to the way in which our records are prepared. The plan once
intended to give the bulls all the weight has worked out exactly the opposite
result. We now reckon the family by the female name, and so, as years fly
by, even a Favourite and a Hubback must look to their laurels, lest they be
filched from them by some ambitious daughter or sprightly concubine. So
with these bulls. They were the observed of all observers, eagerly sought
after and widely praised. But the present generation scarcely remembers
their names, while those of some of the cows, such as Young Mary, Young
Phyllis, Rose of Sharon, Illustrious, and Josephine, are familiar to even the
most ignorant neophytes. These cows, and such others as Matilda, Teeswa-
ter, and Fidelle, fairly divided the honours with the bulls, and proved what
sort of a judge Mr. Renick was, to the satisfaction of all. The merit they
possessed in esse was nothing to the merits which was theirs in potential. It
is in their descendants that these cows really lived and still live. The whole
importation, except a few bulls, was placed on the farm of Mr. Renick,
near Chillicottie, and there bred as the property of the Association till 1836.
The females being nearly all young heifers, the increase was not large xvhen
in October, 1836, the Company held its first sale. The greater part of the
animals xvere sold at this time, a few only being reserved for a later sale in
April, 1837. These were two notable salesthe most notable up to that date
in America. The period of inflation was nearing its zenith, cattle were few,
and the demand for them was great. The result was that the prices were the
highest ever known on the American continent up to that time. The bulls
sold are shown in tables 13.2 and 13.3
Matchem, to Abram Renick, of Kentucky $1200
Goldfinder, to Isaac Cunningham, of Kentucky $1095
Comet Halley, to R. R. Seymour, of Ohio $1505
Greenholme Experiment, to J. M. Trimble, of Ohio $1150
Duke of York, to R. R. Seymour, of Ohio $1120
Nimrod, to E. Florence, of Ohio $1040
Young Waterloo, to R. D. Lilly, of Ohio $1250
Duke of Norfolk, to R. Stuart, of Ohio $1225
Table 13.2: The Ohio company’s sale, bulls, October 1836.
Among the cows several of those afterwards most famous do not occur in
the sale list, for various reasons. The most notable of those sold are shown
in tables 13.4 and 13.5
Comet Halley (resold), to George Renick, of Ohio $2800

Acmon, to M. L. Sullivant, of Ohio $2500
Table 13.3: The Ohio company’s sale, bulls, April 1837.
Young Mary, to E. J. Harness, of Ohio (and cow-calf) $1500

Matilda, to Arthur Watts, of Ohio $1000
Blossom, to R. R. Seymour, of Ohio $1000
Flora, to George Renick, of Ohio (with bull-calf) $1205
Teeswater, to J. J. Van Meter, of Ohio (withcow-calf) $2225
Malina, to Isaac Cunningham, of Kentucky $1005
Moss Rose, to J. Renick, of Ohio $1200
Illustrious, to A. Renick, of Kentucky $775
Table 13.4: The Ohio company’s sale, females, October 1836.
Flora (resold), to M. L. Sullivant, of Ohio $1300

Matilda (resold) to A. Trimble, of Ohio $1220
Elizabeth, to J. and W. Vance, of Ohio $1450
Arabella, to Arthur Watts, of Ohio $1200
Blush, to J. H. James, of Ohio $1015
Table 13.5: The Ohio company’s sale, females, April 1837.
Young Phyllis, Rose of Sharon, and Josephine, the pro- genitresses of

three of our most noted families, were among those not sold. It will be
noticed that most of the cattle were bought by residents of Ohio. Only a few
came to Kentucky, one went to Virginia (Santa Anna), the others remained
in Ohio. In later years a great many of these cattle and their descendants
came to Kentucky, however, and the Young Mary, Young Phyllis, Rose of
Sharon, Josephine, and Illustrious families have come to be regarded as
distinctly Kentucky families.
The bull Matchem was regarded by many as the best of the importation,
especially at the time of arrival, and was sent at once to Messrs. Cunning-
ham and Renick, in Kentucky, to be kept till the sale. Mr. George N. Sanders
(son of Colonel Lewis Sanders) wrote to Captain Benjamin Warfield, under
date of November 3, i834, I have seen the imported stock, and they are
really fine. They are precisely like the Powel stock that you have seen, not
a particle better. The best bull (Matchem) goes to Kentucky, starts in the
morning; will stand at 2O this season. They have a heifer, Rose of Sharon,
one of the best animals I have ever seen, bred by Mr. Bates, and the best
cow they have, Fidelle, was bred by Mr. Whitaker. A letter from Cap-
tain Isaac Cunningham, on the 27th of November, announced the arrival

of Matchem in Kentucky, and invited my father to come to see him. Cap-
tain Warfield saw him soon afterwards, and was so pleased with him that he
made an arrangement with Mr. Cunningham and Mr. Abram Renick to buy
a bull, or an interest in a bull, at the Companys sale. In pursuance of this
arrangement, Mr. Renick bought in Matchem, and Captain Cunningham
Goldfinder. Upon their arrival in Kentucky, Captain Cunningham wrote to
my father:
Our English stock arrived here in good condition. Goldfinders

feet were very sore, but he is now doing well and thriving, and
his feet are much better. Matchem is getting cows as fast as he
ought to. You can have half of both bulls if you prefer it.
The proposition was accepted, and Captain Warfield became half owner of
both bulls.
Goldfinder came to Grasmere soon afterwards, and became one of the
favourite sires of the herd. He was large and a light roan in colour ; in my
fathers judgment much finer than Matchem, but not so near the ground as
could have been wished, perhaps; but, withal, a great sire. Following Oliver,
hitherto mentioned, which was a neat, small-boned, almost too small, bull,
he was well fitted to give greater size and depth of frame to Olivers get.
But to understand the real influence of the importation, we must turn
to the cows. The place of honour is, perhaps, due to Young Mary. Some
would, no doubt, accord it to Rose of Sharon, and strong arguments could be
advanced in favour of Young Phylliss claims to the first rank. Young Mary
was by no means the finest cow in the Companys collection; she was not from
the herd of a celebrated breeder, being bred by iVIr. J.Clarke, nor was her
pedigree a notable one. She was by Jupiter (2170), out of Mary, by Saladin
(1417), Lucy, by Meeks Bull (2288), bred by Mr. Holmes, Atherington,
England. She was yet a thoroughly good cow, as all judges agreed, and with
her heifer-calf, Pocahontas, she brought 1500 at the sale. But she was a
fine and a singularly prolific breeder. Captain Cunningham took her from
her purchaser to breed on the shares, and brought her to Kentucky with
Matchem and Goldfinder. Mr. B. F. Van Meter, the grandson of Captain
Cunningham, gives her produce as sixteen heifers and four bulls; her last
calf, a heifer, being calved at the advanced age of twenty-one years. With
such a beginning it is not to be wondered at that her descendants are the
most widely known and generally esteemed of all American families. For
popularity they are writhout rivals. Too many to be made a mere exclusive
fashion, too excellent to be at any time overlooked or neglected, they have
maintained a front place. Mary was purchased in England for the modest
sum of 26 ios. At the sale she brought, with her calf, more than ten times
this sum, and still proved a most profitable investment.
The names of Young Mary and Young Phyllis have always been insep-
arably connected. Young Phyllis early passed into the hands of Captain
Cunningham, and he and his son-in-law, Mr. Van Meter, made a speciality
of Marys and Phyllises. Young Phyllis was a better cow than Young Mary,
and also better bred. She was bred by the Earl of Carlisle, and was by
Fairfax 1023, out of Phyllis by Harpham 1098, by Percy 1312, Delicacy, by
Ketton 346, by Expectation 247, by Magnum Bonum 2882, by H. Chapmans
Bull 122, by R. Grimstons Bull 282, by son of Dalton Duke i88. But, despite
her superiority in these respects, she did not prove so profitable a breeder as
Young Mary, and, though the two families have been closely linked in their
fortunes from the outset, the Young Marys have been always somewhat more
in demand. Young Phyllis began her career with great promise. Soon after
her arrival she gave birth to a roan heifer-calf, bred in England by the Earl
of Carlisle, and got by Bulmer 1760. This xvas the celebrated show cow
Catherine Turley, xvhich was never beaten in a long shoxvyard experience.
The one cow that really rivalled her never met her in a contest. This was
Caroline, by Goldfinder, bred by Captain Warfield from what Americans
regard as a high grade, as her dam traced to a cow by the old Patton bull
Buzzard; she was out of a cow by Oliver 2387, and had three good crosses
back of that, making five approved crosses, but, according to American ideas,
no number of crosses, however great, can make a Shorthorn on anything ex-
cept an imported Shorthorn foundation. Caroline was a Shorthorn in all but
the recognition of the fastidious, hoxvever, and when Captain Cunningham
came to Lexington to arrange for the exhibition of Catherine Turley at the
annual show there he stayed at my fathers house. My father told him that
if he wanted to keep her record clean he had better keep her at home, as
he had a cow running back to the American Woods4 , which was the equal
of any cow he knew. Captain Cunningham was sceptical till he had made
a careful examination of Caroline; then he said, Well, Ben, I will keep my
cow at home, and dont you came up to Clark County. This suggestion was
tacitly acted upon, and the cows never met in the show-ring, and each went
to the grave unbeaten.
Catherine Turley was the promise of an unfulfilled future. Phyllis had
but one other heifer-calf, leaving the palm of breeding with Young Mary.
These two heifers, however, proved more profilic, and the family grew, and
in good hands has become widespread and greatly valued. The bulls of this
family have proved excellent sires; moreover, in this respect at least, gaining
greater reputation than the rival Marys.
The third of this famous little company was Rose of Sharon. When Mr.
Felix Renick landed in England, he travelled somewhat slowly through
the Shorthorn districts, and it was some time before he visited the herd of
Mr. Bates. When he came Mr. Bates appeared slightly piqued at the ne-
4
A common expression for a grade.
glect, and, probably recognising Mr. Renicks good sense and fine judgment,
showed great anxiety to have him purchase some of his stock, wishing to
propagate his reputation in America. Mr. Renick thought the herd the best
he had seen, and selected two heifers, Rose of Sharon and Teeswater, and
also two bulls, Earl of Darlington 1944 and Young Waterloo 2817. Shortly
after this Mr. Ren- ick went to the cattle show at Otley, where he saw
Mr. Fawkes great show bull, Norfolk, of which he wrote, Norfolk is a fine,
fashionable colour, a roan, two years old last fall, fine size and form, and, I
think, the best bull of his age I have ever seen. 1-le offered 200 gs. for him
in vain, and then decided to leave the two Bates heifers to be bred to him.
Mr. Bates agreed to see to this, and the heifers were left with him for this
purpose. But Mr. Bates disregarded his directions, and bred the heifers to
his own Duke of Cleveland, a proceeding remarkable enough in itself, but
rendered far more so by the fact that Duke of Cleve-. land had the alloy
blood, xvhich, whatever xve may think of it, Mr. Bates openly and often
assailed. Fortunately, neither heifer stood, but the chance of a season to
Norfolk was lost.
The price paid for Rose of Sharon xvas 150 gs., which was large, but not
too large, even at that tiine, for such a cow as she proved to be. The price
paid for Teeswater was only 5Ogs., but she was by no means so well bred.
Rose of Sharon was one of the best old families, of the same stock as the
Cambridge Roses. She was by Belvedere 1706 out of Red Rose 8th by 2nd
Hubback 1423, Red Rose 2nd by His Grace 311, Red Rose by Yarborough
705, American Cow by Favourite 252 by Punch 531 by Foljambe 263 by
Hubback 319 by James Browns Red Bull 97. Mr. Whitaker, who saw her
about this time, says of her, Very good; . . . her horns a little wide, head,
eyes, crop, back, sides, all good, and bosom extra, but shoulders a little too
upright. In comparing her xvith Duchess 19th he says, Mr. Bates thinks
Duchess 19th the best; I dont. Rose of Sharon only had two calves, a bull
and the heifer Lady of the Lake by Reformer 2505. Conse- quently the
family was slow in developing. Indeed, it is to Mr. Abram Renick that
the family owes its celebrity in this country, and he obtained the first Rose
of Sharon he ever owned so late as 1846. This was ten years after he had
been breeding from Harriet and Illustrious, of this same importation, The
last-named cows, together with Josephine by Norfolk, played an important
part in Kentucky and Ohio, and, together with Rose of Sharon, built up the
well-known Renick herd. It will be convenient to take up at this point one
or two typical herds to illustrate the growth of the Shorthorn interest, and
Mr. Renicks has been selected as the first of these.
13.2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN TYPES 541
13.2 The development of american types

13.2.1 The Renick herd
Up to this time we have been occupied chiefly with importations. From
this time forth we shall have rather to consider the growth of the greater
herds, and shall be concerned with importations only as they, from time to
time, fall in with the tendencies of home influences, or introduce some new
impulse. The number of cattle in America was by this time considerable;
the crash in financial circles put a stop to high prices and to speculation;
there was no longer any impulse towards importation, and little money
to support outside expenditures. For a long period, therefore, American
breeders had to cultivate assiduously what they had, and to depend little
on any foreign influx. Prices fell slowly, but steadily, till at the end of the
fifth decade of the last century it was difficult to get as much as 50 dols. for
the same class of cattle as had once sold for 500 dols., and as were destined
more than once again to command an equal or greater price. In 1847, for
example, I sold the three picked heifers in my herd for 100 dols. Twenty
years later I was offered and refused 30,000 dols. for the privilege of choosing
ten head out of the herd. The long depression from 1837 to 1853 was very
hard on the breeders, but in the main very good for the cattle. It stopped
speculation, and led to careful breeding methods, in which individual merit
was the principal consideration.
It is by no means an easy task to select typical herds without doing
injustice to others. In Kentucky, especially, there were a number of herds
established in early days which so equally maintained their excellence that to
choose among them seems invidious. Some selection is, however, necessary,
and the Renick herd so wellillustrates one type of breeding that I choose it
to exemplify one phase of American breeding.
Abram Renick began his herd with no preconceived theory of breeding.
He was a breeder and feeder of beef cattle, a fine judge, and a good handler
of such stock. Unlike most of the others who took an active interest in the
importations of the Ohio and Kentucky Companies from 1833 to 1840, he
had not been a breeder of any of the early sortsPattons, Seven- teens, or
Powels. He began on the basis of good stock for purely practical purposes,
and only gradually evolved the later ideas which influenced his breeding.
His family relations James, George, and Felix Renick began to guide his
mind about 1834 in the direction of the breeding of Shorthorns only, and
the influences of his intimate friends tended in later years to make him more
and more exclusive, till he gradually devoted himself almost solely to his
favourite Roses of Sharon. His attachment to this family steadily increased
to the time of his death, in September, 1844, draxving him not only away
from his early favourites, some of which were at least as worthy as they, but
inducing him to adopt very close line-breeding, in his desire to make as close
as possible the circle of his herd.

Mr. Renicks herd began in 1836 with the purchase of an interest in
Matchem and Goldfinder, and of Harriet and Illustrious. The two cows were
both roans and both good animals. Illustrious was a light-strawberry roan,
neat and somewhat small, and very finely finished ; she was of Mr. Croftons
Blossom tribe, a tribe, says Rev. W. Holt Beever, overflowing with the best
old Colling blood. Harriet was a well-mixed raspberry roan, more massive
in build, but scarcely above the medium in size, weighing, perhaps, 1400 to
1500 lb., but deep-ribbed, short-legged, and with a very beautiful head and
horn her pedigree was by no means so distinguished as her companion s.
The first addition was the purchase, in 1837, or early the next year, of
an interest in Paragon of the West (4649), the bull calf of Rose of Sharon.
In 1839 Mr. Renick was one of a company of gentlemen who secured Comet
Halley to show against Duns Comet. Having done this, he was taken to
Mr. Renicks, and there got Young Comet Halley (1134), from Imported
Illustrious, a bull celebrated as a sire of milkers. Lady Harrison, a daughter
of Josephine by Norfolk, was soon after brought to Mr. Renicks neighbour-
hood, and there produced two of the best bulls ever in Kentucky, Buena
Vista (299) and Renick (903), both of which were freely used in Mr. Renicks
herd. Thus, up to the year I 84etthat is, for ten yearsthe herd was exclu-
sively composed of descendants of Harriet and Illustrious, and he had used
in the herd almost never a bull outside of the Ohio Companys cattle. He
used the grand bull Cassock (3503) in 1845 and 1846, and just once the
Oxford bull Locomotive (92).
In 1846, as we have seen, he purchased his first Rose of Sharon cow. From
the coming of this cow, Thames by Shakespear, and her calf Red Rose, Mr.
Renick grew even more and more fond of this family. In i 8 5 the second
volume of the American Herd Book, in which he made full records of his herd,
exhibits the contents of his herd thus: three Illustriouses, thirteen Roses
of Sharon, and twenty.three or twenty-four Harriets, while the bull Buena
Vista was a single Josephine. Here we see that the Roses of Sharon have
supplanted the Illustriouses in a large degree, though he retained females of
this family in his herd down to 1873. As a matter of fact, Mr. Renick never
ceased to value all these strains very highly, and it would have gone hard
with him if he had, for he had taken care that his Roses of Sharon should
be quite as much Harriets, Illustriouses, and Josephines as Red Roses, by
using bulls of these strains. Two good examples of his breeding may be
found in Mr. Beevers Short- horn Tribes. The first variety of the Red Rose,
American, which he gives, Red Rose of Balmoral, descended from Red Rose
of Bredalbane (which I bred, and which was exported to England by Mr.
M. H. Cochrane), exhibits a type without the Harriet or Illustrious cross;
while the second variety, Red Rose of the Isles, has all the crosses, Harriet,
Illustrious, and Josephine. The latter was exported to England, and passed
into the herd of Lord Dunmore, and at his sale in 1875 was the highest-priced
female, bringing 2047 lOS.

The Harriets proved very prolific, and they were most excellent cattle ;
one of the best of them xvas the cow Mary Magdalen, a famous show cow,
which weighed 2200 lb., and was so fine of bone that I could span her ankles
with my thumb and finger.
At the head of Mr. Renicks catalogue for 1873 are placed the pedigrees
of five bulls, all but one bred by Mr. Renick, which xvell illustrate the new
and final trend of his breeding. The first is Airdrie (2478), a great bull
and a great breeder. He was by Mr. Alexanders Duke of Airdrie (12,730),
and thus was introduced the first Bates Duchess cross, out of Duchess by
Buena Vista, one of the choicest lines of Rose of Sharon blood. The second,
Airdrie 3rd (13,320) is by Airdrie (2478) and from the same strain. The
third, Thorndale (15,590) by Eighth Duke of Thorndale (6,693) out of an
Airdrie cow, introduces the Duke of Thorndale cross. The fifth, Airdrie 7th,
is by Airdrie out of a Second Duke of Geneva cow, out of an Airdrie cow,
introduces the Geneva cross, and the new line of close breeding; while the
fifth is the Fourth Duke of Geneva, bred by Mr. J. 0. Sheldon, of New York,
and belonging to Mr. Renick and Mr. B. F. Van Meter. Turning to the cows,
we find, beside these bulls, that Mr. Renick had been using Thirteenth Duke
of Airdrie, bred by Mr. Alexander, Second Duke of Geneva, and Eighth Duke
of Thorndale. The Duke bulls were freely used at this time, and then other
results of these crosses were embodied in the herd by using bulls of his own
breeding, all having Rose of Sharon foundations. Other Duke bulls, of the
Thorndale and Whittleberry branches for example, were subsequently used,
but the later years of his life were marked by a strong desire to breed on
the so-called line-breeding plan, not to say to breed his Roses of Sharon in-
and-in. The summit of the herds reputation was attained when, in 1875 and
1876, a number of the females were purchased for exportation to England,
where they met a most flattering reception. The last years of Mr. Renicks
life were marked by a steady accumulation of a large herd, the sale of a
female being very seldom made, so that at the time of his death his herd
had increased to about two hundred head. These were mainly bequeathed
to his great-nephews, and the herd at the time of writing was carried on by
them under the name of A. Renick and Brothers.
This is probably the only herd in America which illustrates the theory
of breeding from a single family on close lines of relationship. The Rose of
Sharon family is a large one, and is much scattered, and has everywhere
proved its value; but the process by which Mr. Renick evolved his sub-
family has given the Renick Rose of Sharon a special character. The method
employed was notably a reversal in later life of early policy, and affords an
interesting parallel with the career of Mr. Bates, whose example grew to
have great weight with Mr. Renick. Like many old breeders of the first
period of improvement, Mr. Renick made his Roses of Sharon as richly
mixed as possible, then put a strong outcross on them through a variety of
types of the Duchess stock, and then began a system of inter-breeding. At

no time before or since has the herd been more famous than when the Duke
of Airdrie and Fourth Duke of Geneva were being used.
13.2.2 Growth of the Bates Fancy - the Woodburn and New

York Mills herd
The depression which prevailed from 1838 began to give way to better de-
mand and better prices soon after I 8 o, but it was not till 1853 that the
prices of Shorthorn cattle really rose to any great extent. In that year they
rose with extraordinary rapidity, and very high prices were paid for the
next four years. After 1857 they again declined, not to rise again till after
the close of the War of the Rebellion. As has b en the rule, so soon as
cattle began to rise in price companies and individuals hastened to bring
from England cattle of the choicest strains of the day to meet the quickened
demand. During the depression many herds had been closed out as unprof-
itable, and much of the stock had been neglected. A very strong remnant of
the best cattle, in the hands of men who bred for love of the business and
with care and judgment, always survived, and the elimination of all but
the very best rather helped than injured the repute of the breed.
Among the new importing companies were the Clinton, Clark, and Madi-
son County, and the Scioto Valley (Ohio) Importing Companies, the North-
ern, and the Scott, and the Mason and Bracken County (Kentucky) Compa-
nies, and in the year 1857 an important importation was made into Illinois
by the Illinois Company. Among these the Northern Kentucky Company
was notable, and may be taken as a sample of them all. Among the breed-
ers represented in this importation, which consisted of ten bulls and fifteen
cows, were Earl Ducie, Lord Feversham, Colonel Towneley, Messrs. Booth,
Bell, Wetherell, Fawkes, Ambler, Maynard, Tanqueray, Hall, and Emmer-
son. Among the founders of well-known families were the cows Goodness
by Orontes 4623, Gem by Broker 9993, Duchess of Sutherland by Captain
Edwards 8929, Lady Caroline by Newtonian 14,991, Mazurka by Harbinger
10,297, Orphan Nell (Gwynne) by Ruby 10,760, and Roan Duchess by Whit-
tington 12,299, in the herds of Messrs. Geo. M. Bedford, Warfield, Alexan-
der, C. M. Clay, Kinnaird, and others. The ten bulls cost in England 191114,
and sold for 28,381 dols., an average of 2838 dols. The cows cost /91184,
and sold for 19,220 dols., an average of 1281.33 dols.a great sale, and one
which realised a very handsome profit. But the influence on the cattle of
America more than justified the prices paid.
On the same ship with this importation came the first of the importations
of Mr. R. A. Alexander. That gentlemans importations were the most
notable individual importations to the West.
The generous mind, liberal hand, catholic taste, and strict integrity of
Robert Aitcheson Alexander, combined with his large wealth, made him a
benefactor to the cattle interests of America. There was no pettiness in

his nature. The breadth of his intellectual outlook preserved him from the
little prejudices which sap the usefulness of many men, and his brave old
wisdom of sincerity won the confidence of all who came in contact with
him, and the most entire trust in his herd. Born in Kentucky, the heir of
large estates in Scotland, at Airdrie, he was educated at Trinity College,
Cambridge, and was already a man of thirty-two years and wide and varied
experience when, on a visit to his brother and successor in the ownership
of the Woodburn herd, he determined to undertake Shorthorn breeding in
America. Mr. Alexander John Alexander had already begun breeding a
few Shorthorns there. These he sold with the land to his brother. Robert
Alexander returned to England, and in 1852 and 1853 he and his brother
began a tour of the herds of England. In his catalogue for 1854 he says
: Being an admirer of fine stock, I had a twofold object in view when I
proposed to myself to import Shorthorns, viz., to indulge my own fancy and
to supply (what at the time seemed much needed) some new crosses for the
stock of this country, of which the breeders here might avail themselves,
either by breeding to the bulls of my importation or by purchasing the
produce of my herd. We may read here the noble public spirit which always
actuated this noble gentleman, and also the general view which he had of
breeding. He had no thought of introducing new tribes to supplant the
old; he only wished to afford a much-needed fresh cross. He never ceased
to hold these broad and catholic views. In his catalogue of 1856 he gave
a Short Account of Shorthorned Cattle, in which he further elucidated his
views, and very clearly marked his standard of excellence as determined by
intrinsic merit, and gave as his reason for preferring the Shorthorn breed
their superior excellence, whether for the purpose of crossing other stock, or
(being bred pure) for the purpose of grazing and feeding. In 1854 he issued
a catalogue containing the pedigrees of ninety cows. These pedigrees were
given in order of age, with no tendency to illustrate family groups, and were
as follows :Twenty-three (the largest of any one family) were descended from
Mary Ann by Middlesboro 1234, imported by Dun and Smith in 1836; eight
were descended from the Kentucky importation of 1817, three of them of
doubtful status by recent standards six were of the old Patton stock; two
were Mandanes, two Lucys (by North Star), two Adelaides, forty-three of
old Kentucky blood. Of the newly-imported stock the following breeders
were represented, none by more than six head Earl Spencer, Messrs. Catley,
Tanqueray, Wiley, Kerrick, Faller, Lowndes, Fawkes, Smith, Faviell, Booth,
and Biddle, besides four Fletchers and one Wild Eyes. These animals had
been selected with great care and judgment, without regard to cost. The
judgment, however good, was nevertheless not quite infallible, for, while
he had given oo gs. at Colonel Towneleys for Duchess of Athol and 2nd
Duke of Athol, he had not been able to make up his mind to pay 100 gs.
for Mazurka at Mr. Amblers, and so had to pay over 6oo gs. for her at
the Northern Kentucky Importing Com- panys sale the next year. The herd
had gro vn in i8 6 to 153 cows, than which I have never seen a more evenly
excellent lot of so large a number.
Mr. Alexander undertook by three methods to make his herd of real
value to Kentucky-5–first, by exhibiting widely; second, by annual sales;
third, by letting his bulls. The latter plan unfortunately was never popular.
The other means led to great results. The show herd, composed of Mazurka
and her calves, Mazurkas 3rd and 4th, Duchess of Athol, 2nd Duchess of
Airdrie, Vellum, Forget-me-Not, and the bulls El Hakim and Sirius, as the
most notable animals, won great reputation, Vellum, Mazurka, Duchess of
Athol, and Forgot-me-Not, with Sirius at their head, winning the great herd
prize at the United States Agricultural Societys Show at Louisville, Ky., in
1857.
In the catalogue of 1866, published two years before his death, Mr.
Alexanders final work is to be seen. Here the herd has fallen to fifty-one
head. Prosperity long before had fled from agricultural interests, and the
shadow of war still hung over the land. There is no great change except in
numbers. The first cow is a Filbert, the second a Minna, to be followed by
Minnas 2nd, 3rd and 4th; the third is 2nd Duchess of Airdrie, followed in
due place by the 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 7th Duchesses. There are Mazurkas 5th,
6th, 7th, ioth, 14th, 17th, i8th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, Vellums, Miss Wi-
leys, Duchesses of Sutherland, Jubilees, Baronesses, and single examples of
the Adelaide, Mrs. Motte, Ianthe, Morlina, White Rose, the once numerous
Mary Ann, and other familiesa very miscellaneous herd. The young things
are all by the Oxford bull Royal Oxford, and a few other Bates or quasi
Bates touches are now being put on the herd. As yet there is no strong
tendency in any one direction, but the Airdrie Duchesses were being built
up to a point whence they could be used with vigour for such an end in the
future.
The herd passed to Mr. A. J. Alexander on the death of his brother.
The most esteemed of the old sorts, such as the Vellums, Mazurkas, etc.,
were long retained, but the stress was laid on the Duchesses of Airdrie,
and the females of other families were also bred exclusively to Duke and
Oxford bulls. The herd (which was sold in 1891) remained of about the
same proportions, and was cared for as almost no other herd in the United
States was. It stood as the great exemplar of the period of 1852-7, and
showed how the Bates movement of 18738 took hold of the old herds. Unlike
many others, however, this only meant here the excessive development of
one element perhaps the very best of all the Duchess linesalready contained
in the herd. Among the bulls used in effecting this change I may enumerate
Tenth Duke of Thorndale (5610), Fourteenth Duke of Thorndale (28,549),
Fourth Duke of Geneva (30,958), Seventh Duke of Oneida (14,056), Second
Duke of Barrington, Fifty-first Duke of Oxford (38,531), and Second Duke
of Whittleberry (62,574), besides the home-bred Dukes of Airdrie.
Very few females had been added to this herd by purchase after i868. The
most notable additions were the Seventh and Tenth Duchesses of Oneida,
purchased of Mr. Samuel Campbell at the New York Mills sale in 1873 for
19,000 dols. and 27,000 dols. respectively, but these cows both failed to
breed.
The New York Mills sale was the greatest sale of Shorthorn cattle ever
made in America. There were 109 animals sold for 380,899 dols., an average
of 3,494 dols. The great attraction was the Duchess tribe, fifteen in num-
ber, twelve cows and three bulls, representing the Thorndale, Geneva, and
Oneida varieties. These fifteen brought 262,850 dols., an average of 17,523
dols. The cows reached the immense average of 19,937 dols., the Eighth
Duchess of Geneva bringing 40,600 dols., and the Tenth Duchess of Geneva
35,000 dols. Nine Oxfords brought an average of 3933 dols., while the re-
maining eighty-three head brought the comparatively small average of 972
dols.
This herd was based on the importation of Lewis G. Morris and Noel
J. Becar from 18507; and of Jonathan and Samuel Thorne from 1850-6.
Messrs. Morris and Becar sold their herd to the Messrs. Thorne. They in
turn sold their herd to Mr. James 0. Sheldon, and he sold again to Messrs.
Walcott and Campbell, after which the herd passed into the hands of Mr.
Samuel Campbell as sole owner. The Duchesses sold at the great sale were all
descended from Duchess 6th, bred by Earl Ducie, and imported by Messrs.
Morris and Becar; the Oxfords, from Oxford 5th, bred by Mr. Bates, and
imported by the same gentlemen. The remainder of the herd came mainly
from the New York importations of Messrs. Morris, Thorne, and Sheldon,
though the Alexander importations were represented by such families as
the Mason Miss Wileys and the Mazurkas, and other importations of varying
date by a few head5 .
This sale gave an immense impulse to Bates cattle. They were very much
sought after, and Duke bulls were very widely used wherever obtainable by
purchase or by service hire. The Duchesses were too few to make an appre-
ciable part in more than a very few herds. Among these may be mentioned
those of Le Grand Canon, in Vermont; Avery and Murphy, in Michigan; and
Rigdon Huston, in Jl1inoi . Hon. M. H. Cochrane, of Montreal, and the
Bow Park herd in Canada have been largely interested in these cattle, and
I shall have, hereafter, occasion to speak of these herds.
The Bates fancy had a very similar course in America to that which it
ran in England. The same ideas of breeding prevailed, and the same general
estimate was put on the different varieties, from the Duchesses, through the
other true Bates tribes, the Bell-Bates, the families used by Mr. Bates, and
5
Mr. Richard Gibson (brother of Mr. A. S. Gibson, Ruddington) was manager of tbe
farm and herd at New York Mills until about a year prior to tbe sale in 1873. During that
time and subsequently he bad a large share in the international trade in pedigree stock.
extending at length to top crosses of Bates blood in many other families.

The similarity vas due to conscious copying of the English models, though in
some particulars the American fashion became more extreme. The fervour
lasted down to 1885 ; since then it has gradually grown less and less marked,
till it has now scarcely an appreciable influence on prices in general. A
number of breeders retained very exclusive views of the excellence of Bates
cattle, but they do not greatly influence demand or price.
We add the following notes on the New York Mills sale from another
pen:
When it was announced that Mr. Campbells herd would be sold on
Wednesday, September io, 1873, it was easy to see that England and Amer-
ica would enter into an unprecedented strugglethe one to regain what, per-
haps, with due regard to her own interests, she never should have sold; the
other to retain what she had only won by expense so lavish as at the time
to have been thought absurd.
A breeder who attended the memorable sale at New York Mills wrote
that he reached Utica on the evening preceding the great event, and found
the hotels thronged not with new arrivals, but with guests most of whom
had been for two or three days previously engaged in visiting and examining
the cattle. It was clearly evident that those who were there meant business.
Some of those gentlemen expressed their opinion that the Duchesses would
sell very high, up to 20,000 dols., perhaps even up to 25,000 dols. The last-
named sum was the utmost limit which they expected, and many who heard
this estimate thought it was not possible that it would be achieved, but the
largest expectations fell far behind the actual result.
On the Wednesday morning everybodys first effort was to get to the
scene of action. Lunch was served without waiting for noon, and, indeed, it
was fairly over soon after midday had passed. The remarkable spectacle was
witnessed of everything in readiness fully fifty minutes before the appointed
time. There were probably about a thousand persons on the ground, but
there had been little notice of the sale in the neighbourhood, and few were
present from mere idle curiosity. So large a gathering of leading breeders of
Shorthorns had never previously been seen.
The order of the sale had been finally determined on Tuesday, after an
opportunity had been afforded of consulting the wishes of those who intended
to be bidders. The Duchesses, headed by the bull Second Duke of Oneida,
were to be taken first, the Oxfords to follow, and then the members of the
other tribes comprised in the herd.
Around the stage of the auctioneer, Mr. Page, the Press was liberally
represented. A bank of seats had been erected opposite the stand, and
in a central group were observed the faces of Messrs. Morris, King, Gris-
sold, Park, Murray, and Christie, flanked on either side by a distinguished
band of Kentuckians, stalwart and determined, while away to the left, on
the ring side, were grouped the pleasant-looking company from over the
seaLord Skelmersdale (afterwards the Earl ot Lathom) and Mr. Holford;

Mr. Berwick, acting for Lord I3ective; Mr. Richardson, agent for Sir Curtis
Lampson; and Mr. Kello, representing Mr. Pavin Davies.
Mr. Bland, who would have acted for Colonel Cheney, was prevented
taking the journey owing to the illness of that gentleman, and Mr. Henry
Strafford had concluded that the journey was too long to take for pleasure
only. Not far from the English group were some of their most determined
foes, among whom xvas the representative of Mr. Alexander, of Kentucky.
Nearly opposite, on the right stood the Cornellsfather and sonThorne,
Wing, Harrison, and a bevy of other New Yorkers, with Mr. Conger amongst
them. The stand of seats was full to the ends, but only the centre circle kept
to the planks, for the first bid from England brought every man to his feet,
except those who sat that they might not intercept the view of others.
At one o’clock Second Duke of Oneida entered the ring, and the half-
hour that succeeded can never be forgotten. Lord Skelmersdale opened
the bidding in an off-hand manner with an offer of io,ooo dols., but Mr.
McGibben, of Kentucky, stayed longest, and secured the bull at the price
which, with those of the other chief lots, is given later in guineas.
The First Duchess of Oneida was started at 15,000 dols., and, after
a spirited contest, was bought by Lord Skelmersdale, this announcement
being received with hearty cheers and great sensation. The yearling Seventh
Duchess of Oneida was purchased by Mr. Alexander, of Kentucky.
The beautiful Tenth Duchess of Geneva went bounding at 5000 dols. a
bid, and fell to Mr. Berwick for Lord Bective; and he also got the Eighth
Duchess. Mr. Conger bought Eighteenth Duchess of Thorndale. The Fourth
Duchess of Oneida was borne off by the Kentucky breeders, Messrs. Bed-
ford and McGibben, at 25,000 dols., when Mr. Page said that it ought
to have been made an even 30,000, because it was so much easier for the
reporters. A brief but very animated struggle occurred over Eighth Duchess
of Geneva, and it called every man to his feet, the price bid for Mr. Pavin
Davies agent being the highest ever known for a Shorthorn. An April calf,
Tenth Duchess of Oneida, went to Woodburn Farm. The Fifteenth was not
offered, as she was very doubtful as a breeder, and the Fifth had died, owing
to an accident, since the catalogue had appeared.
The result of the sale of the thirteen great lots of the day are summarised
in tables 13.6 and 13.7
Of the Oxfords, Third Countess of Oxford made 1820 gs. (Mr. Conger),
Twelfth Lady of Oxford 1400 gs. (Mr. Holford), Twelfth Maid of Oxford
1200 gs. (Colonel Morris). Mr. Hol- ford also bought Lady Worcester 4th
and Lady Worcester th for 6oo gs. and 400 gs.
The whole remainder of the sale was as remarkable in many respects as
its commencement. Not a single lot was passed. Mr. Page, whose advice
from the beginning had been as valuable as his services were skilful, prompt,
and energetic throughout, had scarcely time to call attention to the merits
Gs.
First Duchess of Oneida - Lord Skelmersdale 6120
Tenth Duchess of Geneva - Lord Bective 7000
Third Duchess of Oneida - Mr. T. Holford 3120
Eighth Duchess of Oneida - Lord Bective 3060
Eighth Duchess of Geneva - Mr. R. P. Davies 8120
Ninth Duchess of Oneida - Lord Bective 2000
Table 13.6: Selection of lots sold to English breeders.
Gs.
Second Duke of Oneida - Mr. McGibben 2400
Seventh Duchess of Oneida - Mr. Alexander 3800
Thirteenth Duchess of Thorndale - Mr.Conger 3000
Fourth I)uchess of Oneida - Messrs. Bedford and McGibhen 5000
Tenth Duchess of Oneida - Mr. Alexander 5400
Twelfth Duchess of Thorndale - Mr. Conger 1140
Fourth Duke of Oneida - Mr. B. Cornell 1520
Table 13.7: Selection of lots sold to American breeders.
of any single animal as it passed before him, so quickly was each lot started
in the bidding. Such action on the part of the buyers could only have arisen
in consequence of careful previous examination of the cattle. It had been
doubted whether the sale could be concluded in a single afternoon, and many
were looking for another mornings work; but before six oclock the end was
reachedio8 lots having found eager buyers in less than 300 minutes. The
final aggregate of over 38o,ooo dols. was passed from mouth to mouth as
the company dispersed, with the feeling that the whole affair had been the
dream of a midsummer hour rather than the solid reality of cooler autumn
calculations. A summary is given in table 13.8
It has been explained, however, that the average, based on the current
value of the dollar paid in gold, worked out at I’ 626 Is. 7d. in English
money.
The subjoined notes give some further details regarding the earlier im-
portations of Bates cattle:-
In 1850 occurred the dispersion of the herd of Mr. Thomas Bates, who
had died in the preceding year. Colonel L. G. Morris, who from that day
forward was seldom absent from any important sale, wrote under date May
10, 1850, from Kirklevington, as follows : The great Bates sale took place
yesterday. The attendance was from three to five thousand, from all parts
of the world. The average price was 63 gs., the highest price 205 gs., and the
£ s. d.
93 Cows and Heifers averaged 791 8 0
16 Bulls and Calves averaged 403 16 0
109 averaged 734 10 2
Total 80,061 9 0
15 Dukes and Duchesses averaged 3679 18 0

9 Oxfords averaged 826 0 0
85 animals of other tribes averaged 205 1 0
Table 13.8: Summary of New York Mills sale.
lowest-priced sound animal 30 gs. I purchased three head, and Mr. Becar, of
Smithtown, Long Island, bought four head. Among these seven were three
Oxfords, the foundresses of that tribe in America.
The prosperity of 1850 both in England and America showed a rapid
increase in succeeding years. A company in Madison County, Ohio, brought
over twenty-three head of valuable animals. A Kentucky company sent out
Messrs. Dudley, Gerrard, and Van Meter, who selected with the greatest
care twenty-five of the best cattle they could buy in England. Mr. Robert
Aitcheson Alexander imported many more without regard to cost. For two
of themDuchess of Athol and Second Duke of Atholhe paid Colonel Towne-
ley 500 gs., which was at the time considered a large price. Mr. Jonathan
Thorne, of New York, eager to devote some part of his great wealth to
purposes which should have a beneficial influence upon the substantial pros-
perity of the country, had already made some purchases in England, but,
with the sagacity of a shrewd merchant, he saw that the only way to render
the amount invested of the greatest ultimate value, and at the same time
to assure his own position at the head of the movement, was by tempting
English breeders to part vith what as a rule they refused to sellin other
words, by carefully ascertaining where the best were to be obtained, and
then by buying if possible.
Mr. Thornes agent in effecting the purchases of 1853, Colonel Rotch,
had an interview with Mr. S. E. Bolden, the noted breeder, and asked him
if he would sell the bull Grand Duke 10,284 at any price. Mr. Boldens
answer was in the negative, though he added that if any one offered him
the price paid for Cometiooo gs.he did not know that he would refuse it.
Colonel Rotch at once gave a cheque for that sum. A fexv days later Mr.
Bolden requested the privilege of returning the cheque and retaining the
bull, but Colonel Rotch replied that he had already apprised Mr. Thorne of
the purchase, and he had, therefore, no power to recede. In the same liberal
spirit his son, Mr. Samuel Thorne, and Mr. F. M. Rotch, who were acting
for him in England, attended the sale of Lord Ducies herd, at Tortworth
Court, in 1853. Colonel Morris xvas also present. The contest between
home and foreign buyers was very animated, and ended in the Americans
carrying off all the Duchess cows of the herd which were considered certain
breeders, Colonel Morris for himself and Mr. Becar buying Duchess 66th
for 700 gs., and Duke of Gloster for 650 gs., while Mr. Thorne obtained
Duchess 64th for 6oo gs., the 59th for 350 gs., and the 68th, lost at sea,
for 300 gs. The general average of the sixty-two head sold on this occasion
was over 150, the thirteen bulls averaging 191 i8s., and forty- nine cows and
heifers 140 2s.
The foregoing facts are adverted to in order that it may be clearly seen
what sort of comparison the prices obtained at the dispersion of Mr. Camp-
bells herd, at New York Mills, on the ioth of September, 1873, bear to those
paid at sales of Bates cattle in previous years, and that some explanation
may be reached of the reason why thousands were bid as readily on this
last-named occasion, as hundreds had been at an interval of only twenty
years before.
That the Shorthorns had established themselves at the head of all breeds,
and the Duchesses at the head of all the various tribes of Shorthorns, was
evident enough in 1853, and without pausing to inquire the reason of their
pre-eminence, or whether it was matter of sober judgment or popular fancy,
the fact is one which candid admirers of other families cannot dispute.
In 1853 to the beginning of the Civil War between North and South, the
Duchesses constantly grew in demand and increased in value. The war, of
course, unsettled everything, and the leading American breeders began to
turn to England for a market, as there was none at home. They were at first
received with some distrust, but exportations were made by Mr. Thorne,
and subsequently by Messrs. Cornell, of Ithaca, and Alexander, of Kentucky,
and these animals gave every satisfaction. Mr. Sheldons shipments at a later
date excited warm interest; and Mr. Campbell, as well as Mr. Cochrane, of
Canada, found many customers in England.
13.3 Canadian importations and leading herds

We now resume Mr. Warfields sketch :The history of Shorthorn cattle in
Canada is such a distinct episode that I have reserved it for distinct treat-
ment.
Any account of Shorthorn cattle in America which does not assign an
honourable place to the importations to Canada and the many energetic
and intelligent breeders of the Dominion vould be incomplete, yet it seems
hopeless to attempt to give even an outline of this interesting chapter of
history in this brief sketch. In some points the Canadian breeders kept
closely in touch with those in the United States; in others they followed very
different lines, and altogether pursued an independent and characteristic
13.3. CANADIAN IMPORTATIONS AND LEADING HERDS 553
course.
The first importation of Shorthorns was made from the United States by
Judge Robert Arnold, of St. Catherines, on Lake Ontario, in 1832, and was
quickly followed by another made by Mr. G. W. Smith to St. Thomas, direct
from England. A third by Roland Wingfield followed in 1833, consisting
of six heifers and two bulls. Four bulls were imported in 1834. In 1835
Mr. Adam Fergusson bought two cows and a bull from England, and two
cows from New York. These gave the start. The Wingfield cattle were
largely exported to Kentucky, but the Fergusson stock flourished and grew
to be quite a herd. On the xvhole, however, there were no cattle of any
moment in Canada till 1854. Quite a number of men during the interval,
however, brought over a few head each. Among these may be mentioned
the Messrs. Simpson (1837), Dun (1837), Wade (1845 and i8 i), Parsons,
and Thompson (1851). In 1854 the real work began. In this year Win.
Ashton, of Galt, brought out a bull and three cows; Mr, Conyers Place the
same number; Geo. and Win. Miller began their importations; and F. W.
Stone, of Guelph, began his series with a Gwynne bull, John 0 Gaunt 2nd
13,089, bred by Mr. Tanqueray, and three heifers bred by Mr. Bowly, of
Gloucestershire. In 1855 Mr. Stone again made an importation, this time
of five bulls and fifteen heifers; also, in i856, three bulls and six heifers, thus
establishing a large and flourishing herd. The Millers also imported again
in 1855 and 1856, and there were a number of importations by Messrs.
Mullock (1856), Petty (1857), Ross (1857), Thomson (1857), Bown (1857),
McGillivray (1859), and others.
In 1861 we come to the first of the importations of Mr. Simon Beat-
tie, he bringing out two bulls and four cows of Mr. Symes Scotch-bred
stock, two bulls and two of the cows beino by General Havelock 16,130,
bred by Mr. Unthank. In 1864 Hon. David Christie began his importations
xvith six Scotch- bred Places from the herd of James Douglas, and another
cow, Placida, tracing to Daisy by Wellington 5625; and in i868 he imported
Knight of St. George 26,544, of the Booth Bliss or Broughton family. In
1867 we first find the name of Hon. M. H. Cochrane, of Hillhurst, Quebec,
among the importers, with the celebrated bull Baron Booth of Lancaster
7535, and the cow Rosedale, bred by Lady Pigot, and in calf with Captain
Aiton 6 2. Mr. Cochrane appears again in i868 with a notable lot of eleven
Booth and Bates cattle; among them were Duchess 97th, returned to Eng-
land in 1873 for Lord Dunmore; Robert Napier 27,310, afterwards at the
head of the Grasmere herd, a Booth Riby; Star of the Realm, sold to Mr.
A. J. Alexander, a Booth Vesper; and Compton Lord Wild Eyes 25,819.
This was but a beginning. In 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875,
and 1876, and in 1881 and 1883, Mr. Cochrane brought out more than
one hundred and sixty richly bred Shorthorns of the most esteemed Bates,
Booth, and other strains. A number of these, notably Duchesses 101st and
103rd, and their calves bred in England, Duchesses of Hill- hurst Ist and
2nd, were returned to England. Out of these cattle Mr. Cochrane built
up a very large herd, in which could always be found the most fashionable
strains. He professed and showed entire impartiality, breeding what was in
demand, according to the wishes of those who made the demand. He paid
large prices freely, and realised large returns, but he was not attached to the
breed as a breed, was a follower rather than a leader, and when the breed
declined in price entirely al)andoned it for one more in vogue.
To Mr. Warfields notes the following details as to Mr. Cochranes career
as a breeder may be added:
He farmed largely, aided by that well-known character and

excellent judge, Simon Beattie, of Annan, who purchased some
capital Short- horns for him. With these he carried off many
prizes in the United States and Canada at a time when there
was little interest taken in the breed except by Mr. James 0.
Sheldon, of Geneva, U.S.A., and a few old breeders in Kentucky.
It was, however, owing to his spirited enterprise that the great
revival in breeding took place. In i868 he visited this country
and purchased from Colonel (afterwards Sir Robert) Gunter that
celebrated heifer Duchess 97th for 1000 gs., a price that caused
quite a sensation both in this country and America; he also took
out Mr. Torrs Robert Napier, several cows and heifers, and
other stock. The folloxving year he again came over and made
a much larger exportation, selecting upwards of forty animals,
including Duchess 101st and Duchess 103rd from Sir R. Gunter,
also at 1000 gs. each. In the winter of 1870 Mr. Thornton
went out to Canada and the States and purchased from him the
bull Duke of Hillhurst 28,041, when a handsome red calf, for
Colonel Sir Nigel Kingscote, at 700 gs., as well as a couple of
Oxford heifers for the Earl of Dunmore. Thus commenced that
great decade when prices ruled extraordinary high, culminating
in the great sale of Mr. S. Campbells herd, at New York Mills,
in 1873. Lord Dunmore also made other purchases from Mr.
Cochrane, and in 1877 Mr. Cochrane and Mr. Beattie shipped
to this country forty-three head of the highest-bred Bates and
Booth cattle. These were sold near Windermere, resulting in
remarkable prices, headed by the Earl of Bective of 4300 gs.
for Fifth Duchess of Hillhurst, and by Sir R. Loder of 4100 gs.
for Third Duchess of Hillhurst. After 1878 to 1879 depression
set in. Mr. Cochrane, although in some measure relinquishing
breeding, never quite lost his taste for good Shorthorns. His old
Scotch herdsman came to this country and made some purchases
in Aberdeenshire. A small shipment of some dairy Shorthorns
also went from England. The herd was dispersed, a few years
before his death, fifty-seven head averaging 1j6o per head. Hon.
M. H. Cochrane died on August 12, 1903, and his son, Mr. James
A. Cochrane, succeeded to the estates.
In 1870 Mr. John Miller, of Brougham, made an important importation,

largely of Booth cattle, and in the same year Messrs. J. and R. Hunter,
the well-known breeders of Booth cattle, brought out the cow Lady Fanny
by Rob Roy 22,740, bred by Mr. Amos Cruickshank, thus beginning the
importations from that herd. Contemporaneously with the Cruickshank
importations began the drafts upon the herd of Mr. S. Campbell, of Kinel-
lar, a herd which contributed a very large number of very excellent cattle
to the Dominion herds. Indeed, the importation of Mr. J. S. Thomson, of
Whitley, may be regarded as the substantial beginning of the Cruickshank
purchases for America. Anticipated by the single importation above named,
and surpassed by the Davidson importation in 1871 in that it was entirely
of the Cruickshank blood, this importation in i87o yet contained Butter-
flys Rose, a roan Barmpton Rose heifer, bred by Mr. A. Cruickshank; the
bull Grand Duke of Orange 28,762, of the celebrated Cruickshank Oranoe
Blossom tribe; 6 the red heifer Sylvia by the famous Champion of England,
17,526, of the Silence or Surmise tribe; and the red heifer Christobel, also by
Champion of England, and descended through Mr. Grant Duffs Kilmenies
from Mr. Chrisps Premium by George 2057four excellently well-bred ani-
mals, affording a favourable introduction of the Cruickshank stock. The
two cows Clementina 1st and 2nd were representatives of the Campbell herd,
and Minnies Annandale represented yet another Scotch herd, that of Mr. J.
Currie, of Edinburgh. In 1871 James I. Davidson, of Balsam, made his first
importation; with this last-named importation we turn another page in our
history. It was made up entirely of cattle bred by Mr. Amos Cruickshank,
of Sittyton, Aberdeen, and was the first so constituted. There were only six
head, but Mr. Davidson was quickly followed up by others, such as Messrs.
Shaw, Dryden, Thomson, and Telfer.
The importation of Scotch cattle had begun about 1854 with the large
number of importations from the herd of Robert Syme, of Red Kirk, Dum-
friesshire, made by such men as the Messrs. iVIiller, Christie, and Beattie.
And the close relation of the Province of Ontario with Scotland through the
large Scotch element in the immigration naturally led to the importation of
cattle from the Scottish lowlands. Thus the E. W. Thomson importation
of 1851 came from the herd of the Duke of Buccleuch. The George Miller
importation of i8 6 contained a cow bred by Mr. A. Milne, of Melrose, and
quite a number of other Scotch breeders had cattle brought out to Amer-
ica, the most numerous representation after that of the Syme herd probably
being that from the herd of Mr. James Douglas, of Athelstaneford, till the
Campbell importations began in 1867.
The characteristic Campbell importations were those of Messrs. George
and John Isaac. From the herd of Mr. Campbell some of the best of Scotch
families in Canada are descended, and the influence of the herd has been
wide and beneficial. The importation of 1867 made by Mr. George Isaac, of
Haldimand, consisted of the cows Margaret 3rd and Isabella, both calved in
i866the latter in calf with Canadian Prince 7646and Prince Charlie 27,123.
Twelve others were brought out in the year 1870, among them Louisa by
Noble- man 26,967, the dam of Mr. James Russells cow Isabella, winner
of the grand gold medal at the United States Cen- tennial Exposition as
the best female in the show. Other importations followed in 1872, 1874,
1879, 1881, and 1883, those after 1872 being made by Mr. John Isaac, of
Bowmanton. In all about sixty-five Campbell-bred cattle xvere imported by
these gentlemen. Closely related to Mr. Cruickshanks herd in geographical
situation, theory, and blood lines, the Campbell herd has been in its Cana-
dian connections in close affiliation with the so-called Cruickshank fancy,
which is and has alxvays been somewhat more general than its name.
Beginning from this centre, the Scotch cattle have won favour quite
widely, and have spread throughout Canada and across the north-western
part of the United States. An episode in this growth we find in the purchase
in 1887, and importation in i888, from the herd of Mr. Edward Cruick-
shank, of Lethenty, by Hon. John Dryden, M.P., of Brooklin. Mr. Edward
Cruickshank is a nephew of the late Mr. Amos Cruickshank, once the part-
ner of the better-known brother. The Lethenty herd was made up of two
groups of cattleone derived from Sittyton and the other from the herd of
Mr. Longmore, of Banffshire, the former being much the larger, and both
deeply bred in Sittyton blood. Those bought by Mr. Dryden consisted of
some thirty cows. These were added to his excellent herd, mainly of Scotch
(Duthie and Cruickshank) cattle.
Almost contemporaneously with the founding of the Scotch cattle herds
what xvas once the largest of the herds of Canada took its rise. This was
the Bow Park herd, the property of Messrs. Thomas Nelson and Sons,
of Scotland, and managed by the late Mr. John Hope. It was situated
near Brantford, in a beautiful and fertile country, and consisted of from one
hundred and fifty to two hundred head. The herd was founded by Hon. Geo.
Brown in 186970, then passed into the hands of the Bow Park Company, of
whom Messrs. Thomas Nelson and Sons were the most important members,
and finally became the property of the Messrs. Nelson. The herd had a
variety of strains of blood, but, certainly of recent years, put the greatest
stress on the Bates families. Duchesses, of Mr. Alexanders Duchess of
Airdrie variety, were the most valued family, while there were to be found
Oxfords, Kirklevingtons, Duchesses of Clarence, Young Alicias, Waterloos,
Places, J.s., and others of the Bates blood, and quite a number of the old
Kentucky sorts, such as Roses of Sharon, Mazurkas, and Goodnesses, all
bred to Duchess bulls for a number of crosses. A few Booth strains, once
quite numerous, remained in the herd, and a number of miscellaneously
bred cattle, imported or bought in America largely as show cattle. Drafts

from the herd were exhibited very widely in Canada and the northern States
of the Union, and were very successful in winning prizes. The show herd,
as I saw it just before the show season of 1887, was a remarkable one, and
embraced cattle of the breeding of such successful breeders as Messrs. Game,
Armstrong, Outhwaite, Sharp, and Wakefield. Not only in the exhibitions
of breeding cattle, but also in the fat stock shows at Chicago, had a steady
policy of exhibition been pursued.
It is only possible to mention the admirable herds of such breeders as
Mr. James Russell, of Richmond Hill (alluded to above), of Mr. Francis
Green, of Inneskip (where the grand old bull Earl of Mar 47,815, bred by
Mr. W. S. Marr, of Uppermill, Tarves, Scotland, got some fine calves), of
Mr. Wm. Linton, and the great number of earnest, enterprising men who
are now breeding in Canada. The consolidated Herd Book, The Dominion
Shorthorn Herd Book, under the energetic management of Mr. Henry Wade,
the son of one of the old importers, was characteristic of the new spirit in
the Dominion. Prices ruled a little higher in Canada than in the United
States in the last few years under notice. This was partly due to broad
economic causes, and also to the demand for the Scotch cattle largely made
through Canada for the United States. Throughout the better sections of
West Canada the breed is well dispersed, and in the hands of men who
leave no room for doubt but that they will continue to breed the cattle in
accordance with the excellent old standards.
13.3.1 Expansion and the colour craze

When the period from 1866 to 1878 is reached there are so many old breeders
of repute on the ground that it is impossible even to think of enumerat-
ing them. In Kentucky the old herds of the Van Meters, Bedfords, Clays,
Kinnaird, Duncan, Garrard, held their own with the great number of new
establishments. In Ohio the familiar names of Dun and Renick, in Illinois
the Browns, are only examples out of many old names still to be found in the
ranks of breeders. From New England to California, and from Minnesota
to the far south, the breed has now spread. It is scarcely possible to realise
the vast growth attained at this period. In ten years, from i868 to 1878,
the pedigrees of 25,194 bulls were recorded in the American Herd Book, as
against 6382 up to the first of those years. The culmination of this period
came in 1875, when 4347 head sold for 1,832,383 dols. at public sales, an
average of 442 dols. per head. The average for 1873 appears better than
this, it being 532 dols., but the number sold that year was only 1836, and
the average was unduly affected by the phenomenal sale of the New York
Mills herd. Table 13.9 will be found instructive.
From 1878 to 1890 stretched a long, trying period of low prices ; yet the
breed and the breeders have grown steadily in numbers. From May, 1878,
Year Number Average $ Total $

1870 495 343 169,557
1871 407 290 117,914
1872 1014 323 317,625
1873 1836 5326 996,527
1874 2676 385 1,031,051
1875 4347 442 1,832,383
1876 4004 341 1,366,805
1877 3237 230 742,877
1878 2048 154 317,199
Table 13.9: Summary of public sales of Shorthorns in the United States.
to December 31, i888, seventeen volumes of the American Herd Book
were published, just equalling the number previously issued. These volumes
contained the pedigrees of over 64,000 bulls alone, bringing the numbers up
to 95,817. Vol. XXXIV. contained no less than 13,300 pedigrees, of vhich
5,785 are bulls and 9522 are cows, contributed by 6564 breeders in the space
of eleven months and eleven days (January 21 to December 31, i888). Such
a growth is most wonderful, and plainly illustrates the real value of the
breed. Thousands of breeders are not represented who breed and enter
their Shorthorns, as since the books have been published oftener than once
a year many breeders do not appear in each volume. There are thousands
of others who own Shorthorn bulls and breed them to grade cattle on the
dairies and small farms of the east and on the ranches of the west. There is
scarcely one of the forty-four States of this great Union which cannot show
its quota of Shorthorn cattle. The Grasmere herd alone has sent repre-
sentatives to nearly every State in the Union, to England, Japan, South
and Central America, and Canada, which well illustrates the unity of the
Shorthorn interest. In comparison with this extraordinary showing no other
breed deserves to be named in the same breath. Some of them have met with
deserved popularity, but the people of the United States have received the
Durham breed with peculiar favour. It was no doubt due, in the first place,
to the extraordinary adaptation of the Shorthorned Durham to the pur-
poses of the general farmer, and it has been scarcely less due to the great
vigour of the race and the value which it possesses for grading up the cattle
on the great western cattle ranges. The country in all the good farming
districts has felt pro- foundly, and still exhibits conspicuously, the influence
of the breed. It has improved both milk and meat production, and, despite
the arguments of many able advocates of the more specialised breeds, the
Shorthorn holds a conspicuous place in all the States north of the Texan
fever belt and east of the Rocky Mountains as the general-purpose or the
farmers cow.
Of course, in so new a country the proportion of improved stock is still

comparatively small, yet it has been very rapidly increasing. As we have
seen, the Shorthorn spread through Pennsylvania and New York, northward
and westward, setting the movement in Canada forward, confirming the
taste in Kentucky, thence from the east and Kentucky, gradually filling the
Ohio valley and the northern valleys near the Great Lakes, then forcing its
way into the valley of the Mississippi, and rolling out over the plains of
the north-west; so we shall see it taking a firm hold on the Pacific coast,
and filling all the valleys of the intervening region. The influence on the
older herds of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys will be highly stimulating.
They will compete with each other for the new market, and will in turn
look to England for fresh blood, as in previous years. It is not merely
hope which makes me cast sucha horoscope for the American Shorthorn
trade, but the conclusions which an experience of nearly half a century of
active breeding force on me. History repeats itself. We have had many
fluctuations. We have had causes move in the same cycles, and effects duly
follow. I look confidently to a great amelioration of existing conditions, and
a great expansion of Shorthorn interests. While the breeder has much to
realise from such a change, it is fraught with much danger to the breed.
No time really helps on a breed of animals so much as one in which only
the very best can command a market. Then every effort is bent to secure
the essential merits demanded by every purchaser, and the mere dictates of
fancy lose their power to control.
As to the present quality of the Shorthorn under the vicissitudes of nearly
a century of American existence, I have been unable to detect any material
departures from the original English type. I am led to think that no improve-
ment has been made. I am even of the opinion that our cattle are not
as good as they were the period about 1846, for instance; but I do not
think this is due to any decline peculiar to this country, for I seem to mark
a corresponding inferiority in the English and Scotch cattle from time to
time imported. A few great breeders, all of them practical farmers, raised
the breed to a great point of excellence, under the influence of a common
impulse. It is almost impossible to maintain such a position; when the
material passes from the hands of a few workmen trained in a single school to
many of widely varying antecedents some decline is sure to follow. We have
had breeders of skill devoted to the best traditions of the cattle they have
bred, and they have done their best to maintain the Shorthorns supremacy
among breeds of horned cattle, but they have been but a few among very
many.
In one thing, and in one alone, do I think that America has done serious
injury to the Shorthorn. From this country came the foolish demand for
red, all red, and nothing but red cattle. And this demand has been of
great injury to the breed. It was carried to ridiculous lengths, and led to
the preference for even very dark reds, many of which showed a tendency
to become almost black on the legs and about the muzzle6 I once had a
purchaser reject a young bull on my farm because he had a white spot on
him, which I found on counting the hairs to contain just eleven white hairs.
Such an extreme was of course the acme of folly, and, though an exceptional
case, illustrated well the foundations of the fancy. It was built on nothing
but a senseless taste. Whether we shall ever get back to the good old colours
is even yet doubtful, but I am firm in my conviction that the best interests
of the cattle imperatively demand a return to the early love for light colours.
Without this the red will long hold the popular fancy. In a great proportion
of American herds a white is now almost unknown, a light roan rare, and
even well mixed and dark roans scarcely in a proportion of ten to one, and
the bulls in use are almost invariably red, and as free from white spots as
possible. In the breed there is, however, a strong tendency to light colours,
and a roan is certainly prepotent over a red in the matter of colour. A few
generations of roan bulls would doubtless restore the beautiful roan colour;
but would the superior quality of the old- fashioned light roans be so easily
regained? This seems to me a very doubtful question. The Scotch cattle
are working some improvement in the matter of colour, and I trust that
they will make light colours, not merely to be tolerated, but aggressively
fashionable.
13.4 The Grasmere herd

I trust I shall be pardoned the apparent egotism of including my own herd
in this brief sketch. But, however the question be approached, the history of
the Grasmere herd is a notable exponent of American Shorthorn breeding.
The herd is by far the earliest in America. It was established by my father,
Captain Benjamin Warfield, in the year 1824, with Patton and mixed Patton
and Seventeen stock, and in 1831 with thoroughbred Shorthorns. From that
day to this its history has been continuous, at one place and under one pol-
icy. That policy has been the best, and nothing but the best. The standard
of excellence has been individual merits, accompanied by unexceptionable
pedigrees. Blood lines have been disregarded. Colling, Mason, Booth,
Bates, Whitaker, Wetherell, Torr, Stephenson, Duthie, Cruickshank, and
many other breeders have been represented in the herd, and their families
interfused with regard only to the best result in flesh and blood. An un-
friendly journalist some years ago attacked the herd, and tauntingly termed
it Warfields magic mixture. I must confess that no taunt could have more
aptly phrased, the goal always held in viexv, a goal as yet unattained. The
record in the shoxv yard at least shows that good work has been done.
The list of bulls shows that the best of new blood was constantly be-
ing introduced, as fast as it was brought to America. The same policy was
pursued from the first with respect to the females. New blood of the best
13.4. THE GRASMERE HERD 561
imported stock has always been sought, and I doubt if there has ever been a
time when there was not one or more imported beasts at Grasmere. Return-
ing to the sires, we find that a Seventeen bull, two Powells, and two Ohio
Companys, were followed by Cossack from Mr. Champions Miss Poisets
family, imported by Messrs. Clay and Shelby in 1839, to be followed in turn
by four American-bred descendants of four of the best of the Ohio Compa-
nys cows. This brought the herd down to the great revival of trade in 1853.
In this and a few subsequent years the highest prices yet realised were
reached, and some of the best importations were made under this impulse.
Among the best of these was the Northern Kentucky Com- pany. At their
sale Young Chilton was purchased for the Grasmere herd at 3005 dols. Exile
was also imported by this Company, but did not come into the herd until
1855, though his dam, Lady Fairy, bred by Mr. Fawkes, was purchased
at the original sale for 1100 dols., while Mr. R. A. Alexander purchased
Mazurka, the ancestress of two of the later bulls, Muscatoon and Mazurka
Lad, at the same sale for 3050 dols.
London Duke, descended from Miss Hudson by Hermes, introduced Ma-
son blood of R. A. Alexanders importation (18536). Oxford Duke of Athol
brought in the importations of the Messrs. Thorne, of New York; Princeton
came again from the Alexander importations, and so on. Now and again
there is a return to the older sorts, and, on the other hand, Robert Napier,
a nearly pure Booth bull, represents a direct importation, and the present
head of the herd an importation of a Linton family from Canada.
The four great sires have been Oliver, Goldfinder, Renick, and Musca-
toon. They were all animals of remarkable prepotency, and their get made
the show yard record of the herd. Muscatoon came into the herd at a time
when the last great wave of high prices was on the rise. He was a fine show
bull, and won many prizes, and he found the herd composed of a very supe-
rior lot of cows. From them he got a series of phenomenal winners. As the
railroads had then opened up country from Maine to California, the reputa-
tion he won, unlike the equally great bulls of an earlier day, was not local,
but national. His name was a household word among the Shorthorn breed-
ers throughout the United States. In exhibiting for the popular prize of
bull and five of his get, he was unrivalled. His compeer was Loudon Duchess
2nd, a Mason Miss Wiley by Duke of Airdrie 2743, one of the greatest show
cows ever in America. From this cow Muscatoon got Loudon Duchess 4th,
scarcely inferior to her dam, and Loudon Duke 6th, probably superior to his
sire; from the Young Mary cow Maggie Leslie, he got Maggie Muscatoon, a
wonderful cow. Two other heifers, Jubilee Muscatoon (a J.) and Duchess of
Sutherland (which weighed 1655 lbs. as a yearling), made up five head that
were simply unsurpassable. This bull and his get won the widest reputation
for the herd, and the excellence he gave it was maintained by his son Sec-
ond Duke of Grasmere, the produce of the Rose of Sharon Grace (dam of
Red Rose of Bredalbane), and perpetuated by Baron Butterfly, a richly-bred
Barmpton Rose, a great show bull and a very regular breeder.

Just at the full tide of the prosperity begun by Muscatoon, and just prior
to the speculative movement brought on by the great New York Mills sale in
1873, owing to ill-health and other personal reasons, I was obliged to reduce
the herd to fourteen animals, and it was long before it was again as large as
previous to this period. The same policy has been retained in its entirety,
the families being still quite numerous and of deeply-intermixed blood. A
bull at the head of the herd, Baron Butterfly, well represents the nature of
this mixed breeding. He belongs to Colonel Towneleys celebrated Barmpton
Rose family; but an analysis of his pedigree at the seventh remove shows
that in the 128 parts of blood represented in that generation by his an-
cestors, four are Barmpton Rose, four Mason, five Princess, nine Whitaker,
two Knightley, one Wild Eyes, one Belvedere, five Bates Red Rose, sixteen
Booth, twenty-five Oxford, and thirty-eight Duchess. The result was a bull
easily the best of his day in Kentucky.
It is interesting to observe the influence of the American craze for dark
colours on this herd. The personal preference of its owners has always been
for light colours, with a very strong bias towards well-mixed roans. The
herd has, however, been bred from the first on no fancy theory, but on
plain, practical principles. Personal fancy has never stood in the way of
making the herd a practical success. Principle has never been sacrificed
to policy; but where no principle was involved, business policy has often
controlled. Thus no force of fashion has ever induced to a policy of breeding
for mere pedigree, or according to what were regarded as false or dangerous
theories of breeding. But when only red bulls could be sold, red bulls have
perforce been bred. Hence the growth of the colour question may be traced
in the bulls used as sires. Thus the first three bulls were red and white, with
a great deal of white. In that early day red and white, especially spotted
animals, were much admired in Kentucky. The bull Otho, imported by Dun,
was greatly admired at this time for his colour, which was white, with a few
large red spots. The next four bulls were all roans, inclining to light roan.
Then came Renick, a solid red, with a good deal of white in his face the first
red bull in ten. He was followed by the light roan Albert Gallatin, the red
roan Young Paragon, and the white Young Chilton; Renicks long service,
from 1847-56, being contemporary with all of theirs, and partly overlapping
that of the red Exile (1855-58). About this time the desire for dark colours
began to be noticeable, and the sires have since been red, with the exception
of Princeton for 1863, Noble for 1865, and Robert Napier for 186874; the
first of these being red and white, and the others roan. Down to 1872 the
herd remained prevailingly light, with a large proportionate representation
of white cows. Since then the regular use of red bulls, demanded by the
prevalent taste, steadily reduced the light colours, though even very light
roans have been persistently adhered to. This is typical. The growth of the
demand for red since 1865 has been steady and overwhelming. Based on a
mere fancy, it has been the more unreasoning. It has been argued against
and combated in practice, but the average western buyer has long made red
colour a sine quc non in his demand for breeding bulls.
Of the families which have emanated from Grasmere, the Loudon Duchesses
have enjoyed the highest repute. At Mr. Alexanders sale in 1856, I purchased
for my friend and neighbour, Mr. Francis K. Hunt, the cow Miss Wiley 4th.
He desired the cow merely as an ornament for his suburban place, Loudon,
and I arranged to breed her and take her calves at a fixed rate. From his
place, I named the calves Loudon Dukes and Duchesses. The first calf was
Loudon Duke 3097 by Imp. Duke of A.irdrie 12,730, and was so excellent
that as long as the Duke of Airdrie lived I continued to breed the cow to him,
thus getting six calves, all of which were sold from time to time, except the
first Duke, which was used in the herd. The seventh calf was by Duncans
Duke of Airdrie 2743, a son of the old Duke, and was known as Loudon
Duchess 2nd. Her next older sister, Loudon Duchess, in the hands of Mr.
E. G. Bedford, produced one line of the family, taking the odd numbers,
while the even numbers were used at Grasmere. I have already mentioned
Loudon Duchess 2nd, and her calves, Loudon Duchess 4th and Duke 6th. I
was offered ooo dols. for the old cow and 3000 dols. for the young, and re-
fused it. Then the bull was sold in 1872 for 3000 dols., and Loudon Duchess
8th in the same year for 2500 dols., and Loudon Duchess 6th brought 2025
dols. at public sale in November, the highest price at public sale of the year
in America. These prices were based on the high show yard record of the
family, and the great merit of the individual animals; and, in 1872, such
prices were phenomenal. The impulse once given, the family came rapidly
to the front. Mr. Bedford sold seven females at public sale in 1874 for an
average of 3521 dols., and three bulls for an average of 2033 dols., the Ninth
Duchess bringing 6ooo dols. and the Nineteenth Duke 3500 dols. The fam-
ily, unfortunately, has been scattered very widely, and no real nucleus of it
remained in the herd.
13.4.1 Later incidents

The foregoing sketch by Mr. William Warfield, whose death in 1907 was
xvidely regretted by his many friends and admirers, brings the history of
Shorthorns in the United States and Canada up to the year 1890, and fore-
casts the direction which the subsequent development has taken. It is not
intended to enter into elaborate details as to xvhat has since 2x transpired.
Mr. Alvin H. Sanders, in his admirable work entitled, Shorthorn Cattle: A
series of Historical Sketches, Memoirs and Records of the Breed and Devel-
opment in the United States and Canada, published in 1900, deals with this
branch of the subject very fully and his closing chapters relate chiefly to the
rise of Scotch power in America, which has been the outstanding feature of
the period. Referring readers to his volume for further information, a few
incidents may be summarised from it. The first importations of Scotch-bred

Shorthorns to America were made in 1854 and 1856, by the Shakers, of Un-
win Village Warren, co. Ohio, and R. C. Corwine, of Lebanon, Ohio, and
consisted of some thirty head, most of which were bred by Mr. Douglas, of
Athelstaneford. The first of the north of Scotland blood was bought by the
Illinois Importing Company, 1857, from the herd of Messrs. Cruickshank,
Sittyton.
Little attention was, however, paid to the operations of the Scotch breed-
ers of Scotch strains for many years. The importations to Canada, which
have already been noticed, gradually began to have an impression, notice-
ably those introduced by Mr. Cochrane, Mr. Neil McGillivray, Mr. George
Isaac, Mr. J. S. Armstrong, Hon. D. Christie, Mr. J. S. Thompson, Mr. H.
Thompson, Mr. John Miller, and Mr. James I. Davidson. The last named
was a native of Aberdeen, and enjoyed the personal friendship and confi-
dence of Mr. Amos Cruickshank, and after it appeared that the Sittyton
sort were winning their way in America, he became the leading importer
and distributor of cattle of that type there. His purchase in 1871 has been
mentioned. In 1874 he received the first large shipment ever forwarded from
Sittyton, consisting of twenty head. From i88i to 1887, Mr. Davidson had
practically a monopoly of the handling of such stock as Mr. Cruickshank
could spare for the American trade. The imports of the Hon. John Dryden
had also a decided influence, purchases having been made by him from Sit-
tyton in 1871, and afterwards. In i 88o, he bought from Mr. Cruickshank
four heifers, one of which, Violet Bud, was sold to Mr. Kissinger, from
whom she was purchased by Colonel W. A. Harris of Linwood, U.S.A., who
afterwards gave these sorts a great help. Messrs. Green Brothers, Inner-
kip, also imported some fine specimens, as did also Mr. George Whitfield,
Rougemont, Quebec.
A noteworthy purchase was made for Illinois in 1874, when Mr. Edward
Iles, Springfield, secured the bull Duke of Rich- mond (21,525), bred by
Mr. James Bruce, Burnside, Fochabers. This bull was sold to Mr. J. H.
Kissinger, for Ii 9oo. In the herd of Messrs. J. H. Potts and Son, Oakland
Farm, Jacksonville, Illinois, Duke of Richmond earned a high reputation as
a sire and show bull. Messrs. Potts show successes gave a decided impetus
to the spread of the Scotch sorts.
Mr. Robert Milne, Kelvin Grove, Illinois, a native of Aberdeen, and
a friend of Mr. Cruickshank, bought the bull Viscount (i8,8o ), calved in
1872, and a valuable group of females which exercised much influence. Mr.
Thomas, Wilhoit, a prominent breeder in the State of Indiana, was another
successful breeder of the time.
In 1882 the American Herd Book, which had been issued as a private
enterprise by Mr. Lewis F. Allen, Buffalo, New York, was purchased by
the American Shorthorn Breeders Association. Hon. J. H. Pickrell was
subsequently appointed secretary and editor in succession to Colonel Muir.
In 1882, the Hon. M. H. Cochrane, Hillhurst, held a sale of Duchesses

and other Bates-bred stock in Chicago, when Ninth Duchess of Hillhurst sold
at 1700, Tenth Duchess of Hillhurst at 1420, Eleventh Duchess of Hillhurst
at 940, Airdrie Duchess at 1420; Eighth Duke of Hillhurst making 605. In
the same year, Mr. Richard Gibson had a sale of Bates cattle, which made
up to 8oo for the pure Bates heifer Duchess Wild Eyes. In 1882, Mr. A. J.
Alexander, in connection with Mr. Leslie Combs, Woodford, co. Ky., im-
ported twenty Bates-bred cows and heifers, which were sold at Woodburn
that year at an average of 9, the bull Thorndale Rose 8th making i 120. In
1883, Messrs. Rigdon Huston and Son, of Blandisville, Illinois, held a sale of
Bates-bred cattle at which First Duchess of Hilldale realised 1200. Mr. B.F.
Van Meter and Mr. Leslie Combs, representing the Kentucky Importing
Company, introduced about thirty-four head from Scotland and England.
They were sold at an average of 8o. At Mr. A. L. Hamiltons sale, near
Lexingtoii, 1884, an average of i6o was made, the best price being 1400 for
Second Duchess of Flat Creek. Another sale in 1884, for Mr. J.C. Hamilton,
Flat Creek, resulted in an average of i68. The bull Second Duke of Kent
(51,119), sold at 1250 and Airdrie Duchess ioth realised 1240.
From 1882 until 1893 Colonel XV. A. Harris, Linxvood, Kansas, occu-
pied a very prominent position as a breeder and introduced the Scotch blood.
Successful sires used by him were Golden Drop of Hillhurst (39,120), Baron
Victor (45, 44), Double Gloster (49,383), Baron Lavender 2nd (72,610),
Craven Knight (96,923), and others. The Linwood Golden Drops acquired
much celebrity. Many high-class Shorthorns were imported by Mr. J. J.
Hill, North Oaks, Minn.
In 1887 and 1888 great interest was excited by the fine show herds
brought out by Mr. John Hope, manager to Messrs. Nelson at Bow Park.
In the autumn of i886 Mr. Luther Adams, Boston, Mass., imported some
excellent specimens, which were selected by Mr. Win. Miller from the Sitty-
ton, Collynie, and Uppermill herds. Among others he received the yearling
bull Cupbearer 52,692, which had been sold by Mr. Duthie. At this time
Canadian quarantine restrictions had rendered it impossible for Mr. David-
son to obtain the surplus from Sittyton, so that the final outlet to America
was found by Mr. Cruickshank through the medium of Mr. Luther Adams.
Another selection from the Sittyton, Collynie, Uppermill, and Kinellar herds
was made in 1887, and, at a sale the following year, Messrs. J. G. Robbins
and Sons, Horace, md., purchased Gay Monarch, bred by Mr. Marr and got
by William of Orange.
The Bates herd of Messrs. Rigdon Huston and Son, Blandis- ville, Illi-
nois, was sold in i888, when Eighth Duchess of Hilldale made 1320, Sec-
ond Duke of Brant 6oo, and Twelfth Duke of Hilldale 6o. The average for
seventy-nine animals was 109. This was described as the last successful
Duchess sale.
Colonel Thomas S. Moberley, Forest Grove, Richmond, Kentucky, se-
cured, in 1890, the celebrated show bull Young Abbotsburn (110,679), calved
in i88 , got by the imported sire Abbotsburn (106,090) by Roan Gauntlet
from Village Blossom, a daughter of the Cruickshank heifer Village Bud and
Ben Wyvis 30,528, bred at Sittyton. He defeated Cupbearer, the imported
bull by Rob Roy that had previously led in the western show yards and
was much admired for his great wealth of flesh. For several years he took
foremost place at the leading shows. It is mentioned that he weighed 2800
pounds; his daughter, Mary Abbotsburn 7th, was also very successful. The
Forest Grove herd was sold in 1894 after Colonel Moberleys death, but the
average realised was very small, being only 26. In 1891, Mr. A. J. Alexan-
der sold the Woodburn herd, when twenty-six head of Airdrie Dukes and
Duchesses averaged 84, the top price being 164 for Fiftieth Duke of Airdrie.
The entire herd of seventy-one head averaged s.
At the Chicago World’s Fair, in 1893, Shorthorns made an excellent
show. For aged bulls Colonel Moberleys Young Abbotsburn (110,679) was
first, and Messrs. J. G. Robbins and Sons Gay Monarch second; while for
cows Messrs. J. G. Robbins and Sons Gay Mary was first, and Mr. H. F.
Browns Elvira of Brownsdale 3rd second. The first-prize aged bull and the
first-prize aged cow won the championships.
More recent importations have been made by Messrs. C. B. Dustin
and J. F. Prather, Mr. I. M. Forbes, Messrs. Miller, Cargill, and Flatt,
of Canada, and Messrs. Gerlaugh, Harding, Hanna, Wood, Robbins, and
others, for the United States. At a sale of Shorthorns belonging to Mr. W.
D. Flatt, Hamilton, Ontario, in 1899, an average of 95 was realised for forty
head of imported Scotch heifers and bulls. In 1900, Mr. Flatt took out
nearly one hundred head, in two shipments, from English and Scotch herds.
To a sale at Chicago, in August, he sent fifty-nine head and had an average
of i 58 each, one reaching 520. In the same year Colonel Nelson purchased a
very choice lot for his herd near Kansas City, including prize winners from
the late Queen Victorias herd at Windsor and purchases from other English
breeders. In 1901, txx o hundred and eleven animals went to Canada and
one hundred and twenty-eight to the United States. At Messrs. Westropes
sale, in Iowa, an average of 90 was obtained for eighty-one head, and at Mr.
Flatts sale at Chicago, in November, Cicely, the champion at the Royal Show
at Maidstone and at the Highland Societys Show at Edinburgh, exported
from her late Majestys herd at Windsor, realised 1000 gs., while a roan
bull, Lord Banif, bred by Mr. Alexander Watson, in Aberdeenshire, realised
the same sum. In 1902 Canada was again a great buyer, four hundred and
forty-nine export certificates having been granted for that colony. At the
International Show at Chicago, 1902, Mr. G. M. Caseys Choice Goods was
the first- prize bull, and Mr. Hannas Village Bell 2nd the champion female,
Mr. Caseys Ruberta being the first-prize cow. In 1904, Mr. C. D. Bellows
Master of the Grove was first for bulls, and Mr. E. W. Bowens Fair Queen
first for cows; the championship for cows or heifers going to Mr. Robbins
13.5. THE BREED IN AUSTRALIA 567
Lads Emma.
During the last twenty years a great change has been witnessed in
the system of Shorthorn breeding in the United States and Canada, but
especially in the former. There is little doubt that the big handsome Bates
bulls bred from the earlier importations performed a most valuable service
to North American stock breeders by grading up the unimproved cattle.
The result of the pioneer work was seen in the excellence of the steers from
the United States which laid the foundation of the live cattle trade with
this country. But these strains were subjected to a severe strain under the
system of exclusive breeding for blood, added to the extremes to which
colour preference was carried. Then, with the advent of the special beef
breeds, the Herefords, and the Aberdeen-Angus competition became very
keen, and a different type of animal was required to meet this opposition as
well as to fulfil the demand for smaller-sized, thicker-fleshed animals. The
Scotch cattle more favoured at first in Canada, gradually pushed themselves
across the frontier, and it was seen that by their use wealthier flesh could
be obtained. This led to the extension of the north-country Shorthorns,
and doubtless by the wider freedom of choice now exercised much improve-
ment has been carried out. They have crossed satisfactorily with the older
Bates and other strains, and refreshed them, where close breeding had been
carried too far. With an increasing population there is little doubt that in
the future more attention will be paid to milk, and the older families will
be found very useful for this purpose. The breed is now more largely in
the hands of practical farmers and is much less influenced by speculation
and fashion. Though the method of breeding has been varied and prices are
not high, the Short- horn perhaps had never a stronger hold in the United
States and Canada than it possesses to-day. The breed has proved its power
to satisfy the varied requirements of producers and consumers. Its capacity
in this direction continues and will doubtless be found sufficient for other
probable changes.
13.5 The breed in Australia

Shorthorn cattle have ever been held in great estimation by the Australian
colonists, and among the early importations were good specimens of the
breed. The Van Diemans Land Company was probably the first to form
a herd of Shorthorns. Early in the nineteenth century this company sent
out to its large estates in the north-west of Tasmania, the best bred cattle,
horses, and sheep to be bought in England. Records of the breeding of the
imported stock were carefully kept but, in a fire which occurred a good many
years ago, they were destroyed. The climate and natural pastures were not
xvell adapted to the full development of the Shorthorn and, as the country
became stocked with sheep, the shortness of the grass told against them.
Gradually the Shorthorns disappeared from the island colony, their place
being taken by the lighter and hardier Hereford and Devon. Some of the
cattle from the Van Diemans Land Companys herd were taken to Victoria,
where they helped to form several herds and were the foundation stock of
one stud. They were of the Booth strain, and the public taste in Victoria
ran in favour of the Bates family.
13.5.1 Victoria
On the rich pastures of the western district of Victoria the Shorthorn found
a congenial home. The climate is a mild one. Droughts such as afflict
Central Australia are unknoxvn. There is ample rainfall, and the deep, rich
soil yields a pasture that for quantity and quality is seen in very few places
in Australia. Several famous stud herds were formed in the xvest, which
were known to be of fine blood but, owing to the condition of the cattle
industry at the time, it was impossible to keep any record of pedigree. The
grazing lands were held under what vas called squatting leases from the
Government, the runs were not enclosed, and all that could be done was to
make sure that the sires used were of pure lineage. As the squatting runs
were transformed into freeholds, they were enclosed and sub-divided, and
then it became possible so to breed cattle that a record of pedigree could
be kept. The pedigree herds were almost invariably founded with imported
females, though occasionally some cow that was known to be descended from
imported pedigree stock xvould be included. The stud herds were, like the
general herds of the country, raised entirely on the natural pasture. Labour
was scarce in those days, the bushman hated farming work, and the cattle
breeders thought if the cattle got plenty of good grass they could not want
anything more.
Over-stocking was never practised by the pioneers of the country, and
the stock they raised were remarkably healthy and well developed. It is
extremely doubtful if the pampered and housed animals that were the prod-
uct of the boom could compare with them, and the latter were certainly less
robust of constitution than were the bush-bred cattle of the old squatting
days.
From the first Victoria was
13.5.2 The stud farm of the Australian colonies

Cattle breeders from New South Wales and Queensland came to the Victo-
rian breeders of stud Shorthorns for sires to improve their herds. The result
of this system of breeding is seen in the vast herds of Shorthorn grades in the
northern portion of Queensland, one of the largest and finest cattle countries
in the world.
For many years the breeding of stud Shorthorns was a profitable business
in Victoria. Then came the boom. Prices were run up to an extravagant

height, and a number of men having no qualification for the task but suffi-
cient money to purchase a number of cows and a bull or two, commenced
breeding stud cattle. There was a fashion in breeding, some families being
highly prized simply because of their pedigree, and for no other reason. It
became the fashion to overfeed the young stock, and when these pampered
creatures had to bustle for their living on the natural pastures of Central
Australia or Northern Queensland, they failed miserably. In the meantime
the cattle had been increasing rapidly in the northern portion of the island
continent. The demand was soon overtaken, and then came a serious drop
in the prices of fat cattle. This naturally led to a falling off in the demand
for stud bulls, and the collapse in breeding stud Shorthorns was sudden and
very pronounced. A series of bad seasons, added to the heavy depreciation
in the value of cattle, seriously crippled the northern cattle breeders, and on
the top of these misfortunes came the tick pest. The stud herds of Victoria
were rapidly dispersed till, now, there are few left. The same thing occurred
in New South Wales, though there the stud herds never reached the high
standard of excellence attained by those of Victoria.
13.5.3 Queensland
In Queensland, which is the great cattle-raising country of Australia, there
are few public studs of Shorthorns, but in most of the large cattle stations,
where the stock range from ten thousand to thirty thousand head, studs
are kept for raising bulls for the general herd. Many of these studs have
been formed with animals drawn from Victorian herds, though, occasion-
ally, pure bulls are imported. The Queensland cattle are mostly Shorthorn
grades though, occasionally, herds of Herefords and Devons are met with.
Queensland stores are much prized by the owners of cattle-fattening pas-
tures in Victoriafeeding cattle for the market on anything but the pasture
being unknown. The northern steers are of large frame, well bred, and of
good colours, but they take about twelve months to become acclimatised in
the colder climate of Victoria.
13.5.4 Value of the breed

The Shorthorn has done well in Australia; from the cool climate and fertile
soil and ample rainfall of the western district of Victoria to the tropical
regions of the northern cattle runs, the breed has proved its value, and
where the conditions of life are at all suitable it has given better returns
than any other breed. In the great thirst land, where the normal season
is one of mild drought and where not infrequently severe droughts occur,
when the sun-dried land assumes all the appearance of a desert, the breed
fails. Where the soil is poor and the pasture is scanty and of indifferent
quality, the Shorthorn does not thrive as well as the hardier and lighter-
footed breeds. The Shorthorn suffers when the drought is very severe, and
when the change comes lie is a long time in recovering. But with a good soil
and a fair rainfall no breed will equal the Shorthorn for profit.
13.5.5 Progress of the dairy cow

The splendid cattle-breeding and fattening district in the west of Victoria,
the home of the grand old studs, has been conquered by the dairy cow.
Where eighteen years ago one saw Shorthorn herds that had no superior in
the world later one met with nothing but the mongrel-bred milch cows. The
reason for the change was that the dairy cow was considered to give a better
return per acre than the Shorthorn steer. How- ever, there is a tendency,
which is slowly gaining ground, to use Shorthorn sires in dairy herds. To the
south of Sydney there is a famous dair.ying district in which a local breed
of cattle has attained a great reputation for value at the pail. These cattle
have been bred in the district for many years and are neither more nor less
than Shorthorn grades.
13.5.6 Milking qualities

Among the few breeders of stud Shorthorns in Victoria much more attention
is being bestowed upon the milking qualities of the breed than has hitherto
been the case. During the ten years 18891899 the general cattle of Victoria
deteriorated greatly. This was shown in the character of the cattle brought
into the Flemington cattle yards. A pen of really well-bred steers or heifers
was very seldom seen, and the bulk of the stock brought forward for the
purposes of the butcher vere of the lowest quality.
13.5.7 Shorthorn crosses

Shorthorn crosses are profitable animals on Australian pastures. Where the
conditions of life are too severe for pure- bred animals, a cross of Shorthorn
and Hereford or Devon proves extremely hardy and an excellent beef beast.
Short- horns and Ayrshire is a cross that is coming into favour with some
intelligent dairymen, but cattle fatteners are not partial to any mixture of
the Ayrshire. Though we have bred polled Angus cattle in Australia for a
good many years they are not in favour, and the cross between them and
the Shorthorn is not liked as much by graziers and butchers as the cross of
Shorthorn with either Hereford or Devon.
13.5.8 Shorthorns in Victoria

The first Shorthorn stud formed in Victoria was that of Messrs. Bolden
Bros., of Grassmere, in the Western District. They imported their first stock
in 1840, the females, according to the best judges, being quite equal, if not
superior, to the best of the present day. No pedigrees had been preserved of
these cows. The first bull was Mussulman 4525. Messrs. Bolden sold their
station and cattle some years after and the stud was dispersed by auction.
The blood is represented in the Mount Noorat and Purrumbete studs.
13.5.9 The most famous of the old stud herds

Was that bred for many years by Mr. Neil Black, at Mount Noorat. The
foundation stock were pedigree animals imported in the year 1841, and se-
lected from some of the best herds in England. At that time the country
was held under the squatting lease and unenclosed. There were no conve-
niences for bree ng a pedigree herd, but care was taken to keep the imported
stock and their progeny apart from the general herd. Some years after a stud
herd was formed, with the following imported stock :The Doe by Bucephalus
6784, Janet by Lord Fairfax 6144, Felicity by Primo Buffo 7350, Lady March
by Henry 4010, Lady Vane by Duke of Cleveland Lady Blythe by Lord
Blythe 22,126, and Red Rose, imported by Bolden Bros. The following
bulls were used in this herd :Jobson alias Nawden 3776, Albert by Presi-
dent, Garrick 11,507, Doubloon 12,713, Harvest Home 18,033, Montebello
38,763, Beadsman 27,998, King of the Day 28,979, and Earl of Waterloo 3
,o88. A few bulls from other Victorian studs were also used. The stock from
the Mount Noorat herd were very highly prized by cattle breeders in all
parts of Australia, and they did much to bring the northern cattle up to a
high standard of excellence. The bulls were scarcely ever handled, and very
few indeed received any feed other than the natural pasture of the country.
The herd had dwindled greatly for several years, and the remnant was sold
by auction.
13.5.10 Other herds

Messrs. Manfold Bros., of Purrumbete, were among the earliest cattle breed-
ers in Victoria to form a stud herd. They imported pedigree animals about
1842, and they appear to have obtained pure stock from Messrs. Bolden
Bros., and to have had the use of many of the best bulls imported by Mr.
N. Black. They kept up the stud mainly to raise high- class bulls for use in
their own herd, but occasionally they sold bulls privately. Their cattle were
highly prized and found ready purchasers at high rates. There was at the
time of writing a remnant of the old stud on the estates of the members of
the family.
A herd that at one time took a leading position in Australia was that
founded by Mr. C. B. Fisher in the year 1854 in South Australia. The orig-
inals were all pedigree animals. The stud was afterwards removed to Man-
bymong, near Melbourne, and finally dispersed in 1882. The imported cows
in the herd were Fancy by Pilot 10,613, Lizzy by Fanatic 8054, Wide 3rd by
Mozart 11,830, Alma by The Beau 12,182, Miss Frederick by Golden Cres-
cent from Miss Farewell, and Miss Farewell by Duke of Wharfdale 19,649.
This cow was served before leaving England by Fifth Duke of Wetherby
28,473, and after reaching Australia she gave birth to a bull-calf named
Agamemnon. He was regarded by many breeders as the best bull in Aus-
tralia in his day, and his stock have gone far and wide. There were afterwards
added to this herd, Brass- knocker by Son of Newton 2367, Gwynnes Princess
3rd by Oxford Le Grand 39,496, Pink i6th by Royal Benedict 27,348, and
Oxford Dowager by Oxfords King 34,947. The bulls used in the herd were
Washington 32,806, Oxford Cherry Duke 32,016, Cuxwold 12,679, Prince
Duke 13,507, and Duke of Tregunter 8th 41,435.
A herd that exercised a great and beneficial influence on the Shorthorn
herds of Australia was that founded by Messrs. Morton Brothers and Leach
in 1850. The original females in it were April Flower by Richard Cceur de
Lion 13,590, Roan Summerton by Towneleys Wild Buck 14,007, Fourth Kora
by Red Knight 11,976, Rosa by Bonaparte 14,177, and Bella- donna by Lord
Clarendon 10,437. The bulls used were Oxford Cherry Duke 32,016, Earl of
Geneva 31,068, Duke of Bruns- wick 33,937, and Royal Butterfly 6th 18,757.
Of the females mentioned, Roan Summerton stands out before the others;
her descendants being among the highest-class Shorthorns in Australia. This
stud eventually came into the hands of Mr. R. Morton, who sold it to
Messrs. Robertson Brothers, Colac, 1876. Thirty-seven head composing the
stud, including the imported bull Oxford Cherry Duke, realised the sum of
f 27,000.
Mr. A. Robertson, of The Hall, Colac, commenced importing Short-
horns about 1842, but it was not for some years after that he formed a stud.
Of his original females Lady Rockingham by May Duke 13,320 was the most
famous. She was a large, xvell-shaped cow, bred freely to a great age, and
her stock were very prolific. By many cattle breeders this cow was preferred
to all others, but her descendants do not stand on the same level as those
of Roan Summerton. Another cow that was highly prized in this herd was
Letitia by Sol 12,126. It was only after Mr. W. Robertsons sons bought
Mr. R. Mortons herd that the Colac stud assumed the highest position in
Australia. Some remarkably high prices were realised, as much as 2,000 gs.
having been paid for a heifer. This fine herd was dispersed some years prior
to 1899.
The small stud of Mr. John James, of Riccarton, Colac, descended from
Mr. R. Mortons stock. He managed Mr. Mortons herd for some years,
and when Messrs. Robertson purchased the stud, Mr. James undertook the
management of the Colac herd. At Messrs. Robertsons sale, he bought some
descendants of Roan Summerton and April Flower, from which he built up
a small but very choice herd. His stock bull in 1899 was Clinker 66,846,
imported a year previously.
13.5.11 The Bolinda herd

The most important stud of Shorthorns in Victoria, in 1899, was that formed
by the late Sir W. J. Clarke, at Bolinda Vale, and then owned by his son,
Sir Rupert Clarke. This is an offshoot from the stud of Mr. R. Morton,
the original females being all descended from Roan Summerton. The most
famous of the foundation stock was Oxfords Summerton by Oxford Cherry
Duke 52,016, from Young Summerton by Royal Butterfly 2 2nd, granddam
Roan Summertons Butter- fly 6th 18,757, great-granddam Roan Summer-
ton. This cow was purchased in 1878, for i6oo gs. She produced four bulls
and three heifers, and there were, in 1899, thirty-four cows and heifers from
her in the herd. She gained the following prizes Eight champions, thirteen
firsts, one second, and one third. Another great cow was Sixteenth Duchess
of Derrimat by Ox- ford Cherry Duke from White Duchess by Royal But-
terfly 6th, granddam Summerton by Frederick the Great (imported), great-
granddam, Roan Summerton. She produced four bulls and six heifers in
the year mentioned, forty-nine females were descended from her. The bulls
used in the herd were descended from the imported cows Matilda by Car-
dinal 14,239, April Flower, Roan Summerton, Charmer 4th, Countess 12th,
and Minstrel 8th by Baron Gywnne. The stud sire in 1899 was Duke of
York 2nd by Duke of York 65,400 from Esther. This bull was imported by
Mr. James. The Bolinda herd furnished a large number of champion and
first-prize winners; A curious circumstance connected with this herd was the
formation of a branch of white Shorthorns, which bred for several years
true to colour. The manager of the herd, Mr. Robert Clarke, formed this
herd with the view to dispel the prejudice that exists in the minds of many
Australian cattle breeders against white cattle. It was found at Bolinda that
the white Shorthorns stood hardship quite as xvell as, if not better than,
the rest of the herd, and they were usually in rather better condition. These
white cattle were put to a polled Angus bull to raise blue-grey cattle.
A cow whose name crops up in many of the best pedigrees in these
colonies is Matilda by Cardinal 14,239, dam Sprightly 3rd by Benedict 7828.
She was imported into Victoria by a Glasgow firm, and was sold soon after
arrival. She was served before leaving England, and after arrival in Victoria
gave birth to a bull, calf, which was named Frederick the Great. Matildas
stock have been admitted into nearly all the Shorthorn studs in the colonies.
She stands out as one of the best stud cows among Australian Shorthorns.
13.5.12 The Arundel herd

A herd that for many years enjoyed a good reputation for robustness of
constitution and ability to rustle for a living was that bred by the late
Mr. Robert McDougall, of Arundel. This herd was of Booth blood, and
the originals were obtained from the Van Diemens Land Companys Circular
Head herd. His first cows were bought in 1854, and with these he purchased
the red bull Van Amburgh, the last sire imported from England by the
Company. The following bulls were used in the stud :Major Booth 26,796,
Field Marshal Booth by Commander-in-Chief 21,451 (this bull was bought
by Mr. McDougall from his breeder, when six months old, for Soo gs.), Lord
Chesterfield 43,491, Sir Roderick 44,049, King Tom by Lord Blythe 22,126,
and his son, King Alfred. The last five bulls were purchased from Mr. E.
K. Cox, Mulgoa, New South Wales. The herd was sold off soon after the
death of Mr. R. McDougall, when his son, Mr. A. McDougall, purchased
the best of the females. He visited England soon after, and purchased the
bull, V.C. The herd was sold to Mr. Albert Miller, who kept it on his estate
at Bacchus, March. Many of the cows in the herd were famous milkers.
13.5.13 Mertoun Park herd

In the year 1878 the Hon. Win. McCulloch, of Mertoun Park, Colac, formed
a herd with a number of imported Short- horns, which he selected and
purchased in England. The imported cows were Grand Duchess of Oxford
22nd by Baron Oxford 4th 25,580, Oxford Duchess 2nd by Third Duke of
Clarence 23,727, Fuchsias Duchess by Lord Tre- gunter 31,758, Water Lily
by Third Duke of Hillhurst 30,975, Miss Wild Eyes 5th by Earl of Norton
ioth 36,587, Kirk- levington Duchess by Oxfords King 34,997, Duchess 26th
by Fourth Duke of Geneva 28,756, Gazelle 26th by Second Duke of Tregunter
26,022, Lord Gazelle by Third Duke of Hillhurst 30,975, Lady Barrington
ioth by Oxford Waterloo 35,002, Charmer 23rd by Grand Duke of Oxford
31,293, Lady Rachel by Archduke of Geneva 30,396, 0 Bs Justicia by Baron
Oxford 23,375, Minstrel ioth by Third Duke of Clarence 23727, Duchess
8th by Duke of Clarence 36,476, Countess i ith by Baron of Knowlmere
33,057, Countess 12th by Beau of Oxford 2nd 33,129, Nelly Nonsuch by
Duke of Siddington 2nd 33,732, Lady Weston 3rd by Beau of Oxford 2nd,
and Portrait iith by Grand Duke of Geneva 2nd 31,288. The imported
bulls in this herd were Duke of Underley 5th 41,438, and Duke of Oxford
33,713. This was practically the largest importation of pedigree Shorthorns
ever made to the colonies by one individual. The herd did not prove so
successful as Mr. McCullochs enterprise deserved, for the reason that soon
after the cattle arrived, pure-bred stock began to fall off in price. Some
time afterwards Mr. McCulloch sold off the greater part of his herd, but he
continued to breeds Shorthorns at Dandenong, near Melbourne.
13.5.14 Master Butterfly 13,312

The most sensational event in the early history of Short- horns in Victoria
was when Mr. J. G. Ware, of Koort Koort, Nong, purchased the bull Master
Butterfly 13,312.in England, in i8 6, for the then extremely high price of 1200
gs. It is said that this bull cost Mr. Ware fi6 o by the time he landed in
Melbourne. Mr. Ware got some x ery well-bred heifers of the Bolden Bros.
breed to mate with Master Butterfly, and there were on the property all the
materials for forming one of the finest studs in the world, but though a good
judge of stock, sufficient care was not given to having them kept properly.
Master Butterfly, who had been most carefully nurtured in England, was
permitted to run in a two-thousand-acre paddock with the cows, the only
attention he received being to bring him under shelter at night, when the
food he received was not of a choice description. Under this treatment
Master Butterfly did not last long, but he got some beautiful stock, none of
which, however, went into the stud herds of the country. Mr. Ware did not
wish to form a stud; he merely raised herd bulls for his own use and for sale.
13.5.15 New South Wales

There are a few Shorthorn studs in New South Wales, but they have always
taken a secondary position to those of Victoria, whence many of the original
stock were derived. The breeding of stud cattle has not been followed with
the same spirit as in Victoria, and the studs are generally smaller.
13.5.16 South Austrlia - Mr. J. Angas’ herd

The earliest importation of Shorthorns into South Australia was made by
the South Australian Company, of which the late Mr. G. F. Angas was
chairman. The cattle imported by the company were all pedigree stock,
and were selected by Mr. Angas from some of the best herds in England.
In 1845 the Hon. J. H. Angas, a son of the pioneer, formed a stud with
twenty-five heifers and a Comet bull selected from the companys herd. Mr.
Angas visited England in 1854, and purchased seven bulls and three cows
from the herds of Messrs. Tanqueray, Hendon; R. Stratton, Broad Hinton;
Jonas Webb, Babraham; J. Robinson, Clifton Pastures, Olney, and George
Angus, Broomley. They were all pedigree stock, but no record was kept of
their produce. In the year 1879, Mr. Angas again visited England, when he
purchased sixteen cows and ten bulls. It is from this importation that his
very large and famous herd was descended. The imported cows were Lady
Fortunate 4th by Nineteenth Duke of Oxford 28,431, Lady Fortunate 2nd
by Volunteer 30,329, Rugia Niblett by Royal Butterfly 20th 25,007 and her
daughter Rose Niblett by Grand Duke of Geneva 2nd 31,288, Dorothea by
Grand Duke of Waterloo 28,766, Fantails Duchess by Ninth Duke of Geneva
28,391, Duchess of Wortley by Duke of Wortley 33,759, Grand Duchess of
Oxford 8th by Duke of Rosedale 33,721, Musical i8th by Third Duke of
Gloster 33,653, Minstrel 8th by Duke of Connaught 33,604, Lady Russell
by Duke of Connaught, Lady Florence by Baron Oxford 5th 27,958, Lady
Gracious by Duke of Connaught, Blanche Rose 6th by Duke of Connaught,
Beverley Duchess i6th by Oxford Le Grand 29,496, Countess of Kirklev-

ington by Lord of the Isles 34,631, and Grand Duchess of Oxford ioth by
Duke of Underley 3rd 38,196. Of the imported cows Rugia Niblett and her
descendants were the most successful at the leading Australian shows. She
had previously won first at the R.A.S.E. in 1878, also at the Bath and West
in 1879, and she took many prizes in Victoria and Australia up to 1883,
when she was eleven years of age. Her daughters have carried off many
first and champion prizes in Sydney, Melbourne, and Adelaide. The bulls
imported by Mr. Angas were Baron Graham 41,030, Duke of Hazelcote
62nd 49,312, Oxford Beau 7th 42,082, and Baron Gwynne 42,720. A very
successful family in this stud are the Waterloos, descended from Lady Wa-
terloo 28th, imported by Mr. Win. McCulloch. In 1894 Mr. D. Forbes,
the manager of the herd, was sent to England to select show bulls, and he
purchased Czarowitz 63,850 the then champion bull of England,. Water-
loo Earl of Sockburn 3rd 63,572, and Viscount Oxford of Ruddington 2nd
66,482. The last-named bulls stock turned out remarkably well. Since 1867
Mr. Angas had exhibited freely at the leading shows of New South Wales,
Victoria, and South Australia, and he has taken a large proportion of first
and champion prizes. The herd comprised 400 breeding cows. In Sydney
there was no local herd that had a chance with his cattle, and in Victoria Sir
Rupert Clarkes herd was the only one that could compete on anything like
equal terms with him. The Hon. J. H. Angas, whose herd was the largest
and best in Australia, died in May, 1904, aged eighty-one years. Animals
from the herd continue to be exhibited, and to take high positions at the
shows.
13.6 The breed in France

The progress of Shorthorns in France was thus described by M. Grollier
At the beginning of the nineteenth century travelling was still

conducted in a very primitive fashion, and as a consequence,
intercourse between the people of different nations was very rare,
even between such near neighbours as France and England. Life
was altogether in a stagnant condition, there being but few who
were adventurous enough to travel afar in order to learn what
was going on in places remote from home. Nevertheless it was
known in France that England possessed a breed of racehorses,
but in general there was complete ignorance of the existence of
the Shorthorn breed, whose rise into importance may be said
to date from about this period. Even among breeders of cattle,
little was known of the ex pen- ments made by Bakewell, or of
the success attained by him in the science of breeding, and but
13.6. THE BREED IN FRANCE 577
few were aware that the brothers Coiling were improving the cat-
tle bred on the banks of the Tees; consequently the celebrated
sales of i8io and 1818 were never spoken of. Mr. Thomas Booth
was equally unknown, though, thanks to him and his descen-
dants who followed in his footsteps, the family name has been
given to distinguish a branch of the Shorthorns. Mr. Bates,
the founder of the Duchess and Oxford tribeswhose name also
has been given to a branch of the Shorthornshad a considerable
reputation in England during his time, but was never heard of
across the Channel.
In 1818, after a journey undertaken in England with a view
to the study of agriculture, M. Victor Yvart was one of the first
to speak of introducing the Shorthorn breed into France, at that
time known as the Durham breed. By its aptitude for early
ripening and easy fattening it would, he thought, add consid-
erably to the food resources of the nation, but his proposal to
purchase some animals for the purpose of improving the native
breeds was not taken up at this period.
It was not till 1837 that M. August Yvart, a nephew of the
above-named gentleman, who shortly before had been appointed
Inspector-General of the Royal Herds, was com- missioned to
proceed to England to purchase the first lot of improved Short-
horns. In October of that year he procured seven females and
a bull, which were located at the Veterinary School at Alfort,
in order that the breed already brought to so much perfection
could be studied, in view of the benefits it was thought capable
of affording to the nation.
Here, however, these animals not being provided with suit-
able food, which was essential to the success of this first attempt,
the State in the following year erected at its own expense a model
cow house, near the stud horse establishment on the estate of
Pin. It was decided at the same time that a second lot should be
imported, and M. Yvart and M. Sainte Marie procured fifteen
males and nineteen females, which were installed at the new es-
tablishment; most of the bulls being resold to private individuals
for the purpose of crossing native breeds. Further importations
took place in 1840, 1841, 1842, and 1843, to such an extent that
at this latter period one hundred and eight males and eighty-five
females, all pure bred, had been introduced into France. In 1846
there was yet another importation of two females and four bulls,
selected from the herd of Lord Spencer, but about this time a
reaction against the Shorthorns began to set in, extending even
to their cross-bred produce. A party at Court, not realising the
advantage of making use of improvements effected abroad, raised
a great outcry against the breed, and as any benefit that had ac-
crued had been accomplished by the Government, they brought
influences to bear, which for the time being put a stop to this
movement, so successful and profitable to French breeders.
During the reign of Napoleon III., however, the Shorthorns
regained favour, and in 1855 M. de Persigny, then Minister of the
Interior, caused a French Herd Book analogous to the English
Shorthorn Herd Book of Mr. George Coates to be established
under the patronage and management of the Government. Of
the French Shorthorns registered in this Book all were authenti-
cally descended from the oldest English tribes, and further the
French Herd Book, unlike its English contemporary, has never
been opened to the registration of 2T animals raised to the dig-
nity of pure bred on having four immediate male ancestors of
pure pedigree. It has been ruthlessly closed against all animals
of whatever excellence having only a short pedigree, the commit-
tee, nominated by the minister in charge of agriculture, admit-
ting from among the stock imported only the animals of ancient
line, i.e. those whose genealogy in the English Herd Book goes so
far back as to show that their most remote male ancestor known
was calved before 1830. The first volume of the French Herd
Book is drawn up in the same form and contains information
similar to the English Herd Book. It also gives special infor-
mation concerning the animals originally installed at Pin, such
as, for instance, the quantity of milk produced by the cows, etc.
There it may be seen that most of these animals were milkers of
the first order, yet notwithstanding this fact the idea got abroad
that they were inferior producers in this respect, and so much
was this the case that in France it still continues to be a common
belief concerning the whole breed.
The Exhibition of 1856 gave an impulse to the Shorthorn
movement and a number of the English animals then exhibited
were retained and incorporated with some of the best herds,
besides which a very great number of importations were made
by private individuals.
In addition to this, the Emperor, Napoleon III., 1857-8, pur-
chased and maintained a magnificent herd upon his private es-
tate at Fouilleuse, near Paris, which was afterwards transferred
to Pompadour in the Department of Correze, where it contin-
ued till its dispersion after the war of 1870-71. On its part the
Government continued at Pin, then at Corbon, the breeding of
animals well inured to the climate which were offered every year
at public auction, thus serving to raise the merit of private herds
of pure bred animals, and also to improve the native breeds by
crossing principally in Anjou, Nivernais, Bretagne, and even in

Normandy.
For nearly thirty years the model establishment at Corbon
was of the greatest service to the breeding of Shorthorns, the herd
being kept in a state of great perfection by importations of choice
bulls made from time to time by order of the French Government.
These animals, chosen from the best Bates and Booth herds in
England, were the means adopted of renewing the Corbon strain,
and thus it often happened that really valuable stock bred at this
establishment were put up for sale. The young bulls so capable of
perpetuating the remarkable qualities of their kind were bought
by the best breeders, and sometimes even by foreigners, who were
much impressed by the care taken to preserve the type of the old
original Shorthorns. Unfortunately the establishment at Corbon
was discontinued, the herd having been dispersed on March i,
1889. At the sale some choice stock was bought for Buenos
Ayres, Monte Video, and Mexico, but, with a few exceptions,
the best animals were retained in France, where they continued
to maintain the good reputation already acquired by our Short-
horns in South America and augmented by the brilliant successes
gained by them at the Exhibition at Palermo, Buenos Ayres.
The superior merit of French Shorthorns is easily explained.
The animals imported from England about 1837 were chosen for
the most part from the herds of Mr. Parkinson, Leyfields, and
Mr. Booth, Cotham, both in Nottinghamshire, that county in
which Shorthorns have long been bred and from whence some of
the animals of Mr. Cruickshank of Sittyton, so much in favour,
derive their origin. Many of the imported animals had for their
earliest known ancestors Mr. Fishers old bull (Fishers Old Red
Bull 2022), which enjoyed a great reputation in Notts and Leices-
tershire early in the last century. A number of the females came
from Mr. Maynards herd at I-Iarsley Hall near Northallerton,
their pedigree going back to Pilot 496, Comet 155, Albion iz .,
Easby 232, and Favourite 252. The cows chosen from Mr. Law-
sons herd, at Stapleton near Darlington, were descended from
Mr. Masons herd, and those coming from Mr. Robert Emmer-
son of Eryholme had among their most remote ancestors the
celebrated Charges Grey Bull 872. It may be here noticed that
one of the best cows of the first importation was Buttercup, a
hardy and most prolific animal, producing a heifer calf when
nineteen years old. This cow was probably the dam of Miss Sut-
ton (English Herd Book, Vol. V., page 68i), and thus belonged
to the English tribe of Minstrel or Musical. Villetta (English
Herd Book, Vol. V., page io6 ), imported in 1842, must not be
forgotten. She was purchased from Sir Charles Knightley, was

of the Fairholme (Booth) tribe, and was remarkable for the
regularity with which she produced her offspring.
When the Shorthorns returned to favour in 1856, a number
of cows were importedsome of which may be here mentioned Au-
tumn Rose (English Herd Book, Vol. XII., page 629), purchased
for the Emperor Napoleon from Colonel Gunter; Dairy Maid
(E.H.B., Vol. X., page 387), from the herd of Mr. Marjorib-
anks; Dorcas (E.H.B., Vol. XII., page 346), from the Duke of
Devonshires herd; Flutter (Vol. XI., page 450), from Sir Charles
Knightleys; Lady Geraldine (E.H.B., Vol. XI., page 523), of the
Grizzle tribe, bought of Mr. Fawkes for the Emperor Napoleon;
Leyton Rose (E.H.B., Vol. XII., page 585), of the tribe of Old
Daisy, purchased by M. de Dannes.
More recently French breeders, understanding better than
ever the importance of good pedigree, acquired females belong-
ing to the more renowned English tribessuch as the Duchess,
Waterloo, Wild Eyes, Red Rose, Mantalini, and Farewellwhich
previously had not been represented in France.
Concerning the bulls imported from England, among those
which have left their mark on French breeding, may be men-
tioned the followingMetullus 4467, and Duchesne 10,141, two
excellent bulls whose female offspring were remarkable for their
extraordinary milking properties. The first came from Lord
Spencers herd and belonged to the Mason tribe, No. I ; the
second was of the Harrison Duchess tribe, by Red High-flyer,
and belonged to Mr. Watson, of Walkeringham. Morning Star
6223 was calved at Mr. Booths place at Killerby and his dam was
the celebrated prize cow Bracelet. He was the stud bull at the
Pin establishment for five years, producing excellent stock with
easy fattening propensities. Verax 6637, of the Mason tribe, No.
25, purchased from Lord Spencer in 1843, was a perfect animal,
and though of the white colour now so unfashionable, he had
excellent offspring. A short time after this bulls death his own
sister Flame was purchased for the Government at the Wiseton
sale, September i 8th, 1846, and forwarded to the establishment
at Pin.
Baltic was another white bull belonging to the Pin establish-
ment whose produce was excellent. He was purchased from
Colonel Cator, and was the son of Lord Ducies celebrated cow
Bessy. Napoleon (English Herd Book, Vol. XII., page 558)
was one of the English bulls which has had a great influence
on French Shorthorn breeding. Bought in 1855 from Mr. Am-
bler, of Watkinson Hall, Yorkshire, he left undoubtedly supe-
rior descendants, among which may be mentioned Nicolas, his

son, Nobilis, his grandson, and Noble Oasis, his great-grandson.
Duke of Normandy 19,629, another white bull, was the first of
the Bates Duchess strain introduced into France. He came from
Colonel Gunters herd, his dam being Duchess 7 2nd. One of
the best stud animals ever brought from England was Royal
Duke 32,374 (Eastthorpe Straw- berry tribe), purchased from
Mr. Hugh Aylmer. Rarely had a more massive animal standing
on such short legs been seen. Calved in 1870 he was in use up
till i88i, many of his produce being of superior merit, preserv-
ing that fine quality and form transmitted by their sire. Royal
Leo 43,955 was also an excellent specimen of Booth blood; he
belonged to the Leopoldine tribe, and wa i purchased from Mr.
Chandos Pole-Gell; this bull long rendered excellent service to
the herd at Corbon. Calved in 1879, he was put somewhat into
show condition in 1885 and, notwithstanding a swollen knee, was
awarded the second prize in the class for aged bulls at the Inter-
national Show at Antwerp, being beaten only by the magnificent
bull, Lord Fitzhardinges Red Prince 46,961. Duke of Tregunter
9th 46,272, dam Duchess io8th, and purchased, in 1884, at a
long figure from Colonel Gunter, did exceedingly well in France.
His connection with Corbon helped to throw quite a splendour
over the closing years of that establishment, one of his male off-
spring being purchased at the dispersion for 17,000 francs (f68o)
to go to Monte Video. An importation of note was Viscount
Oxford of Ruddington, of the Oxford tribe, from Mr. P. L. Mills
herd at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire.
This short account of the history of French Shorthorns will enable one
to form some opinion of what has been done in France towards maintaining
in a state of perfection the descendants of the Shorthorns belonging to the
old English families imported into the country since 1837. Thanks to perse-
vering efforts, happily crowned with success, we now claim that our French
Shorthorns are quite the equal of the English breed in merit. Such emulation
between the people of two neighbouring and friendly nations, each striving
for superiority in the science of breeding, can only result in bringing near to
perfection the cattle of the whole world.
There is not much to add to the above paper from the pen of the late M.
Grollier, as, for various reasons, the imports of Shorthorns from England into
France have not been very numerous in the interval. In 1892 Mr. William
Housman visited and described the following Shorthorn herds in France :M.
Alexandre Le Bourgeois, Maisonfort, Genouilly; M. Alphonse Tiersonnier,
Le Colombier, Nievre; M. Elie Larzat, Les Forges, Cher; M. Auguste Masse,
Germigny LExempt; M. Signoret, Clos-Ry, Sermoise; the Marquis de Chau-
velin, Rilly; and M. Grollier, La Motte-Grollier, Durtal Maine-et- Loire, in

all of which old and valuable strains of the Short- horn were admirably rep-
resented. In connection with the French Agricultural Show, held in Paris,
in February, 1893, the English bulls purchased by the French Syndicate of
Short- horn breeders were exhibited. They were Viscount Oxford of Rud-
dington 58,277, bred by Mr. P. L. Mills; Wild Duchess Duke of Rosedale
60,184, bred by Mr. P. L. Mills; Cambridge Duke 31st 60,442, bred by Mr.
C. R. Lynn Barming Barrington Duke 2nd 60,291, bred by Mr. Herbert
Leney; and Viscount Oxford 12th 63,500, bred by Mr. Thomas Holford.
Other breeders in France mentioned in connection with the stock belonging
to the Syndicate were, M. de Clercq, Oignies, Pas de Calais; Madame Paul
de la Barre, Morlaix, Finist re; M. Despres, Guerche de Bretagne, Ille et
Vilaine, and M. de Quartrebarbes, Marquis du Poucins, Feurs Livre. Since
the lamented decease of M. de Clercq, fe w Shorthorns have gone to France
from this country.
13.7 The breed in South America

Among the pioneers of Shorthorn breeding in the Argen- tine Republic the
name of Sefior Leonardo Pereyra stands pre-eminent. It is said that about
1848 a bull named Tarquin or Torquino was imported by Mr. White, of
the Estancia la Campatia, and from this animal the name of Tarquinos,
by which the breed was frequently known, arose. There are, however, few
authentic details of any animals until Sejior Pereyra founded his herd at San
Juan, bordering on the River Plate, by the purchase of the bull Defiance
14,384, and the cow Coral (Vol. XI., page 305), from Mr. R. C. Lowndes,
of Rice House, Anfield, near Liverpool. In 1858 these were followed by the
bull Don Juan 14,410, and the cow Dahlia (Vol. XII., page 279), from the
same breeder. These four animals may be said to have laid the foundation
of the first herd of pure Shorthorns in this great Republic; in fact, it was
the beginning of the movement that led to the realisation of the enormous
agricultural resources of the country.
Other owners of the vast Estancias in Argentina soon began to follow the
lead of Seflor Pereyra, possibly foreseeing the great demand for refrigerated
carcases, and realising that in order to participate in the market it was
necessary to improve their native breeds.
There is probably no country in the world possessing such a vast area
of rich land as Argentina, where stock can be raised and fattened on the
natural grasses of the open prairie, without either shelter or artificial feed-
ing; moreover, the climate is exceptionally propitious, and the land being
cheap, the business of stock raising is one of the most lucrative that the
country affords. The valuable qualities of lucerne have been fully appreci-
ated, and enormous quantities are grown, certain ranch holders possessing
13.7. THE BREED IN SOUTH AMERICA 583
lucerne fields to the extent of 70,000 acres.

After experimenting with other imported pure breeds, it was found that
the Shorthorn was admirably adapted for crossing purposes, and, perhaps,
was more impressive than any other breed. For over half a century the
Durham has been increasing in favour, and its position in Argentina at
the present time is unassailable. It has been estimated in 1907 that more
than three-quarters of the cattle of the country have Shorthorn blood in
their veins. In 1895 a general census was taken of the existing stock of the
country. Cattle of all kinds numbered over 22,000,000 head, of which about
64,000 were absolutely pure-bred Shorthorns of long descent, and nearly
2,500,000 graded animals, considered to be made pure by crossing.
Unlike the North Americans, who in no uncertain manner declared for
certain tribes and strains of blood, the Argentine buyers have always placed
quality and individual merit before fashionable pedigree. It was not, how-
ever, until comparatively recent years that the most valuable prize specimens
and highest priced animals were selected. Colour has always been a matter
of more than usual consideration, and importers have, from the very first,
laid great stress upon securing rich dark roans, or whole-dark reds, with the
object of eradicating, as far as possible, the objectionable shades of light-red
or yellow which are natural to, and very common among, the native breeds.
Unfortunately, there is no means of obtaining a complete record of the
exportations from this country to the Argentine. It was not until the foun-
dation of the Argentine Herd Book, the first volume of which was published
in 1889, that the value of pedigree became fully realised. In July, 1882, the
first exportation certificates were issued by the Shorthorn Society of Great
Britain and Ireland, to Mr. J. W. Nash, but these documents were not
often applied for by exporters until the Argentine authorities declined to
enter any animal in their Herd Book unless the formal certificate of pedigree
was forthcoming. Since the date of the compilation of Volume I. of the
Argentine Herd Book, comparatively few animals have been sent out with-
out these certificates, and during the last few years they have also had to
be vized by the Argentine Consul in London or at the port of embarkation
before being accepted for registration.
No animal is considered eligible for entry in the Argentine Shorthorn
Herd Book unless the last registered sire and the last-. named dam in its
pedigree were born in or before the year 1850. No break must occur in the
pedigree, such as an unregistered sire, or an unnamed dam, unless a dam,
above such break, can be proved to have been born in or before 1850. In a
large number of pedigrees it was found impossible to prove the exact dates
of birth of the early dams, and in order to meet this difficulty the Argentine
authorities agreed to accept those pedigrees in which the last registered sire
of the last named dam xvas entered in the Herd Book and was born in or
before the year 1845.
There are a considerable number of pure-bred animals in the country,
descended from early imported parents, the pedigrees of which were lost, or
of which proper details of their produce were not kept.
From the time of Se5or Leonardo Pereyras importation in 1857, until the
early seventies, no record exists; but undoubtedly occasional small shipments
were made during that period, both to Chili and the Argentine. In 1873 Mr.
D. A. Shennan and Mr. P. V. A. Reid sent four bulls to Buenos Ayres, all
of which were bred by Mr. R. Jefferson, of Preston Hows, Whitehaven.
In 1874 and 1875 a few bulls were taken to Chili, Monte Video, and the
United States of Colombia, and at the end of i876, Mr. H. J. Stevens sent
Severn Lord, bred by Mr. C. H. Cock, and Mameluke 2nd, bred by Mr. E.
Hales, of North Frith, to Buenos Ayres. Early in the following year, two
bulls and two heifers went from Mr. Humphry Smith, in Ireland, and this
was the commencement of a series of exportations from that country by Mr.
Smith, Mr. J. W. Nash, and Mr. W. Kemmis. In 1878, Mr. Torromet
s name appears as an exporter, and during that year there were continual
small shipments of both bulls and heifers. Seflor Leonardo took a heifer and
a bull from Mr. J. B. Booth, whilst others from the same herd went to
Seijor Cobo, Don Carlos Casares, who was then Governor of Buenos Ayres,
and other breeders. It may be said that during the years 187879, the great
movement in the trade in pure-bred Shorthorns between the Argentine and
this country really commenced. In each of these years considerably over
a hundred head left these shores for Buenos Ayres, from whence it was
reported that there was a considerable demand for good red yearling bulls.
No very high prices were paid for the animals, nearly all that were exported
being purchased by speculators, to be resold on landing. To- wards the close
of 1878, Mr. F. Torrom sent a large shipment, several animals being for
Sefior J. Cobo, which were selected from Mr. Teasdale Hutchinson, Mr. R.
Botterill, and Mr. J. B. Booth. Mr. J. W. Nash, Mr. J. Sharples, and
others, also exported a number of well-bred bulls. In 1879 and 88o, Mr.
Humphry Smith was the largest exporter, the majority sent being of his
own breeding. Messrs. Torrom6 despatched about twenty head, these being
chiefly from Mr. T. Willis, of Carperby, Mr. J. B. Booth, Killerby, and
Mr. R. Botterill. Four roan yearling bulls went to Mr. T. Bolland, three of
which were bred by Mr. R. S. Bruere, in Yorkshire.
In 1881, Mr. Donald Maclennans first recorded shipments took place.
Five females were sent by him from Scotland, and a red yearling bull (Master
Tom) from Her Majesty the late Queen Victorias herd at Windsor. Others
were from Mr. Evan Baillie and the Duke of Northumberlands herd at
Alnwick. Messrs. Torrom6 sent a large consignment, among them a number
of Mr. Trethewys Ruths, and other Cornish- bred animals. Five bulls of
Bates blood, bred by Messrs. Leney and Sons, by Sixth Duke of Oneida
30,997, also went out that season.
In 1882 and 1883 the demand from the Argentine continued. Messrs.
Maclennan, Torrom6, and Nash sent considerable shipments of high-class
bulls. Mr. Nash selected a number at Mr. W. Trethewys sale in Cornwall,

at prices varying between 30 gs. and 50 gs. Mons. F. R. de la Trehonnais,
who did much to further the interest of Shorthorns in France, was also an
extensive buyer for Buenos Ayres. Prices were low in England at this time,
and there being little competition among home breeders, the exporters were
enabled to secure meritorious animals at very reasonable figures. Mr. Davies
took a dozen head from Mr. Robt. Thompson, all being got by Beau Bene-
dict 42,769, or Brilliant Butterfly 36,270. Four cows and a bull were sent to
Seflor Davila Lorrain, Vocalist 3rd, a well-known prize cow of the Seraphina
tribe, among them. In 1884, the largest exporters were again Messrs. Tor-
rorn6, who sent out nearly two hundred head. One shipment consisted
mostly of Bates animals, bred by Lord Fitzhardinge, Lord Moreton, Colonel
Kingscote, and Mr. Botterill, of the Red Rose, Waterloo, Kirklevington,
Place, and Seraphina tribes. Three were forwarded by Messrs. Cockbain
to Chili; ten to Seflor Simon de la Torre and Seiior Ruperto Restrepo, of
the United States of Colombia. The following year, Mr. Maclennan was
among the foremost exporters, while Mr. Humphry Smith consigned a good
many to Buenos Ayres from Ireland. When Sir Henry Allsopps (afterwards
Lord Hindlip) herd was announced for dispersal, large offers were made by
certain South Americans for some of the choicest specimens of this cele-
brated herd. These, however, were declined, and at the auction none of the
Argentine agents were present. Soon after this many new names cropped
up among exporters: Messrs. Jewell, Kemmis, Brownells, Unna, Pinnell,
Greenwood, etc. A shipment of thirty-seven head was sent to Seiior M.
F. Serrantes, Buenos Ayres, most of xvhich were bred by Messrs. Leney
from the Duchess, Oxford, Wild Eyes, Surmise, and other Bates tribes. In
1887, no less than three hundred and seventy-five exportation certificates
were granted by the Shorthorn Society for South America. Messrs. Nelson
at this time were responsible for a very important shipment, consisting
of twenty-four heifers and one bull, all, with the exception of two, being
of Lord Lovats breeding, chiefly by the successful sire l3annockburn 49,035.
These were quickly followed in i888 by another and greater shipment by the
same firm, consisting of seventy-seven head, all of Scotch blood, including
fifty-three from the Beaufort Castle herd; and still later, by sixty-five more
from other Scotch herds.
Undoubtedly the publication of Vol. I. of the Argentine Herd Book in
1899 gave a great fillip to the trade, calling the attention of many breeders
to the importance of pedigree. A considerably larger number were taken
than in any previous season, the example of the larger and older exporters
being followed by a number of smaller speculators. Messrs. Getting and
Sons purchased Ninth Duke of York 51,159, bought for 1000 gs. at the Earl
of Fevershams sale, this being the highest price that had been paid publicly
for a Shorthorn for several years.
The year 1889 is a very important one in the history of Argentine ex-
portations. Mr. T. Welshman paid 6oo gs. to Lord Polwarth for his fine
bull Ironclad 55,913, that had been awarded the championship at the Royal
Show at Windsor. The great event, however, was the private purchase by
Mr. R. Bruce, on behalf of Messrs. T. Nelson and Sons, of the whole of
the Sittyton herd from Messrs. Cruickshank. Thorntons Circular, Vol. XI.,
page 522, in referring to this important transaction, states : The herd was
founded by the brothers Anthony and Amos Cruickshank, at Sittyton, Ab-
erdeenshire, about the year 1837. Cows were carefully selected, generally
from large English herds, and taken north, where they were reared in the
most natural healthy manner, and crossed, in the beginning, with bulls of
English blood from Captain Barclay, of Ury (who had taken English cattle
into Aberdeenshire), Mr. W. Torr, Mr. Wiley, Mr. W. Smith, and Mr.
R. Chaloner. Finding beneficial results from the use of the bull Champion
of England 17526, a son of Mr. Wilkinsons (of Lenton) Lancaster Comet,
Messrs. Cruickshank continued to breed and use their own bulls from that
line for many years. From 1842 to 1875 public sales took place. Some Cana-
dian friends in later years bought privately and exported the young stock
to Canada and the United States. Owing to the death of Mr. Anthony
Cruickshank and the very advanced age of his brother, Mr. Amos, it was
finally resolved to accept an offer from Messrs. Nelson for the entire herd of
about one hundred and fifty, rather than undergo the excitement of a sale,
though the sum paid would doubtless have been much exceeded by auction,
and home breeders would have had the opportunity of purchasing some of
the herd, of which, in earlier years, they had been staunch supporters. As it
is, one tribe has been privately purchased by Mr. Tindall from Mr. Robert
Bruce (agent to Messrs. Nelson the exporters), for the purpose of found-
ing a herd for Mr. Sutton Nelthorpe in Lincolnshire, and Mr. Duthie has
purchased eighteen old cows.
The revolution which broke out in Buenos Ayres the following year, and
the depressed state of the money market, not only virtually closed the South
American demand, but led to a re-sale of a portion of the Sittyton herd.
Twelve two- year-old bulls were sold by auction at York at an average of /j 6,
and those females that had not been exported xvere disposed of privately
to breeders in Scotland, most of them to Mr. Duthie, Collynie; Mr. Sutton
Nelthorpe, in Lincolnshire, and Mr. J. Deane Willis, in Wiltshire, the last-
named breeder taking the yearling heifers and two bulls. In 1890 over two
hundred animals were sent to Buenos Ayres, the most notable amongst them,
perhaps, being Mr. Robt. Thompsons Belle Madeline, the champion female
and winner of UM. Queen Victorias gold medal at the Windsor Royal Show;
which was purchased by Messrs. C. T. Getting and Son. In 1891 there were
virtually no transactions with the Argentine, in fact, less than at any time
since the trade commenced in the early seventies. The Argentine, Brazilian,
Chilian, and Colombian revolutions, and the consequent enormous premium
on gold, which at one time was up to three hundred per cent. in Buenos
Ayres, were, of course, responsible for this, as agents were naturally averse
to run the risk of importing stock under such conditions. As the Republics
began, during the next two or three years, to assume a more settled state,
Messrs. Maclennan, Pinnell, Rodger, Wright, and others, recommenced
their shipments, from one hundred to two hundred head being sent out
during each season. The abnormally high premium on gold, however, in
addition to a drought in Buenos Ayres, was a bar to commercial enterprise,
and it was not until the year 1895 that the trade recommenced in earnest. It
was soon handicapped, however, in some degree by the regulations instituted
by the Argentine Government of forty days quarantine on landing, and the
test for tuberculosis which animals had to pass at the end of that period.
In 1896 large shipments were made by Messrs. F. Miller, D. Maclennan,
C. Pinnell, and others, mostly bulls, including many of the best prize spec-
imens of the day. A great number were purchased privately, but an idea of
the prevailing prices may be gathered from the fact that eight animals wete
bought for the Argentine at the Sandringham sale, in July, at an average
ofl’1o7 ios. It was estimated that over seven hundred head went out during
the year. Celt 66,798, first- prize bull at the Royal Show at Leicester, was
purchased by Mr. Langley, on behalf of Seiior Carlos M. Casares, for 1000
gs. High prices were paid, both publicly and privately, in 1897, and many
new names appeared among the exporters, including Messrs. Riddick, Van
Os and Co., Drabble Bros., W.R. Grant, J. McLean, Olde and Son, J. Sidey,
Wyatt, R. S. Ewart, Hughes, Rawes, and many others whose names were
well known as shippers at this period. The autumn sales in Buenos Ayres
were not very encouraging, reports of drought coming from the distant sta-
tions being the cause of shy buyers. Moreover, attracted by the high prices
realised by imported bulls in previous years, some of the shippers brought
over many inferior animals which sold disappointingly.
Among the celebrated animals exported by Mr. F. Miller at that time
were Mr. Heatons Master Recorder 69,101 and Captain Duncombes Sea
Gem, the male and female champions at the Royal Show at Manchester.
The fine roan bull Spartan 71,652 by Count Lavender, bred by H.M. the
late Queen Victoria, at Windsor, was purchased by Mr. D. Maclennan and
went to Sejior Narciso Vivot for 700 gs. He turned out a most successful
sire, and a few years later, when the ports were closed to British cattle,
twenty-four young bulls of Seflor Vivots, mostly by this bull, were sold at an
average of about (340. Sign of Riches 66,324, bred by Mr. W. S. Marr, and
used by the Earl of Caledon, and Mr. A. M. Gordons Star of Da vn 71,68i
were both included in the same shipment of Mr. Maclennans. It may here be
mentioned that almost ever since the Argentine importations commenced,
the name of Mr. Donald Maclennan has been foremost among the exporters.
His good, sound judgment and integrity, and the high estimation in which
he has been held on both sides of the ocean, have done much to further
the interests of the trade. During 1899 over seven hundred head left Great
Britain for the Argentine. Among them was the bull Farrier 74,528 by Sign
of Riches 66,324, and bred by the Earl of Caledon; he proved to be one
of the most impressive sires ever used by Mr. Leonardo Pereyra, at San
Juan. His original cost in Ireland was only ioo gs. The produce of Farrier,
however, realised very high prices at the public sales, some of them selling
as follows :Farrier Bridekirk (SejiorVillafafle) 917 gs., Quilmes Farrier 7th
(Sefior Apellaniz) 8oo gs., Earner Manta- lini 3rd (Sejior Duranona) 1250
gs., Farriers Fame (Seiior Girado) 1330 gs., and Earners Reward (Seiiores
Correa and Larrazabal) 830 gs.
The prices paid by exporters during the last year or two of the nineteenth
century were a good deal higher than hitherto. There was most enquiry for
yearling and two-year- old bulls. The highest price paid publicly in 1899
was for the red bull Monogram, which Mr. Maclennan purchased at Mr. H.
Duddings sale for 360 gs.
In 1900 serious inconvenience and loss was occasioned by sudden restric-
tions being enforced by the Argentine Govern- ment, and the closing of the
ports, owing to an outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the South of the
Province of Buenos Ayres, which had been introduced towards the close of
1899 by imported French Shorthorns. This state of affairs continued until
March, 1902, when the ports were declared open. One shipment of cattle
was immediately sent from England, but on arrival at Buenos Ayres it was
refused admission, and was transhipped to the Canary Islands. This really
was in consequence of the South American Government passing a decree
that no cattle should be landed from countries where foot and mouth disease
had existed during the previous six months. A small outbreak had occurred
among sheep in Kent, in March, 1902; there was, therefore, slight resumption
of the trade until 1903 when, notwithstanding the difficulties of the tuber-
culin test, and the requirements as to pedigree of the Herd Book autho-
rities, a demand arose far in excess of anything before experienced. Nearly
a thousand head were exported. Mr. J. Handleys Pearl King 79,531, cham-
pion bull at the Royal Show, was bought by Messrs. Rodger at a very high
price, also Sir A. Hendersons Baron Buscot 80,407, first-prize two-year-old
bull at the same show, by Mr. D. A. Shennan. At His Majesty the Kings
sale in March, at Windsor, Royal Duke 75,509, the champion bull at the
Royal Agricultural Societys shows three years in succession, was purchased
by Mr. F. Miller for 8oo gs.; he unfortunately died on the voyage. Baron
Abbotsford 76,087, a noted sire that stood second to Mr. Handleys Pearl
King, was sold, privately it was reported, for 1500 gs.
In 1904 nearly all the highest-priced bulls were taken to the Argentine.
There was also a considerable enquiry for red and roan two-year-old heifers.
His Majesty the Kings Ronald 79,775, first and champion at the Royal, was
bought by Sefior A. Edwards, Chili, for 1500 gs. Mr. Deane Williss C.I.V.
80,707, a celebrated prize white bull, was exported by Mr. E. N. Casares at
a very high figure. Altogether, nearly one thousand one hundred and fifty
head were exported, many of them being famous in the show rings of the
leading exhibitions of this country. In Buenos Ayres the autumn sales were
exceedingly good. One exporter sold twelve bulls at an average of 582, and
several individual animals were sold at over 1000 gs. In June of that year
the most important herd sale that had ever been held in the Argentine took
place. Mr. Thomas Bells entire herd of two hundred and sixty-two head was
sold at Cabafla del Rincon, by Messrs. Adolfo Bulirich and Co. for 43,530.
An average of i58 was realised for one hundred and eighteen cows, with calves
at foot, 460 being the highest price. Thirty-eight yearling bulls averaged Li
59. The feature of the sale was the competition for the old stock bull
Newton Stone 75,129, bred by Mr. A. M. Gordon, in Aberdeenshire, and
a son of Corner- stone 68,406. He was six years old, and the sire of many
of the animals in the sale. Seiior C. Lopez ultimately bought him for 2610.
Baron Gainford 78,325, four years old, bred by Mr. George Harrison, made
Li 566 to Seiior C. V. Olaguer.
During 1905 about sixteen hundred Shorthorns crossed the water. Sums
of five to six hundred guineas were frequently paid for first-class bulls, and
at the auction sale held at the Royal Show, in London, Mr. Deane Willis
first-prize bull Doynton Brave Archer 85,745 was bought by Mr. F. Miller
for 1000 gs. Very large shipments were made by Messrs. Casares, Miller,
Maclennan, Hughes, Kennedy, Rodger, R. Taylor, Church, Bruce, Poels,
Brewster, Rawes, Savage, and others. Messrs. W. and J. Biggerstaff (Lon-
don and Buenos Ayres) have also purchased for export. 1906 nearly doubled
the 1905 figures; the Shorthorn Society issued exportation certificates for
no less than two thousand three hundred and fifty-two animals during the
twelve months. The features of the years trade were the large number of
lower priced animals that were sent out, and the greatly increased enquiry
for females, both cows and heifers. Cows with good-coloured calves, of either
sex, at foot were snapped up at every opportunity. The prices realised at
the autumn sales in the Argen- tine were, in many cases, very disappointing,
many of the inferior bulls being unsold, and others left little profit after the
heavy insurance, freight, and other expenses had been added to the original
cost. On the other hand the first-class specimens again brought high figures,
emphasising the fact that the best will alxvays sell. Nearly all the great prize
specimens of the year xvent to the Argentine. Mr. Deane Williss champion
yearling bull, Bapton Viceroy 90,770, as well as his sire, Violets Fame 78,078,
Lord Lovats Broadhooks Champion 91,059, purchased at Perth for 1500 gs.,
and many other very expensive animals were bought by Mr. F. Miller on
behalf of Sefior Manuel Jose Cobo, one of the largest and most influential
breeders in the country. Up to the present time a good but sounder trade
has been experienced this season (1907); fewer second and third- class an-
imals have been exported, the total being nearly a thousand below that of
last year. For several years past Chili and Uruguay have taken a good many
high-class animals, the majority of them being dark red in colour. One great
draxv- back that has been severely felt for several years past is the very seri-
ous loss occasioned by the slaughtering of many valuable animals that have
failed to pass the tuberculin test after the period of quarantine in Buenos
Ayres. The majority of these had previously been tested in England, and
had shown no reaction. This naturally has led to much discussion as to the
reliability of the test. In Professor Wallaces treatise on Argentine Shows and
Live Stock, published in 1904, he thus refers to the subject : The practice of
slaughtering good imported stock as a result of the eccentric action of the
tuberculin test, cannot be too strongly condemned as an unnecessary hand-
icap on the great cattle industry of the country, and as a wasteful leakage
from the main stream of pure bred Durham blood which has been setting
strongly in recent years in the direction of Buenos Ayresany loss by slaugh-
ter on suspicion of any to all appearance healthy animals is a loss, not only
to the temporary owner, but to the cattle breeding world.
For some years a considerable number of Shorthorns were sent from
France to Buenos Ayres. Monsieur L. Grollier, who held an official position
in the French Government, took a great interest in Shorthorn breeding and
pedigree, and was one of the prime movers in the trade. They were nearly
all shipped from the port of Havre. Sefior Jos L. Fages was the strongest
supporter of French Shorthorns in the Argentine, many of them in his pos-
session being excellent specimens of the breed, the Booth blood prevailing.
The majority of them were of the beefy type, somewhat coarse in the hind
quarters, and strong in the horn. It was from France that the foot and
mouth disease was introduced into the Argentine which led to the closing of
the ports.
When the first volume of the Argentine Herd Book was published in
1889 there were fifty-seven breeders, who entered between them one thou-
sand five hundred and fifty animals. The committee who superintended its
publication consisted of Seiiores Leonardo Pereyra, Juan Cobo, Vicente L.
Casares, Domingo Frias, and Manuel J. Aguirre. These were undoubtedly,
at that time, the leading spirits of Shorthorn breeding in Argentina.
Senor Leonardo Pereyra who resided at San Juan, Quilmes, had a herd
of considerable size. The Estancia situated about an hours ride from Buenos
Ayres consisted of about thirty- four thousand acres, and was one of the show
places of the country. The herd was of mixed blood, many of the animals
being of his own breeding. Some of the imported animals were from the
Duke of Northumberlands herd, at Alnwick; others from Mr. R. Thompson,
Inglewood; Mr. J. R. Singleton, Given- dale, and Mr. Teasdale Hutchinson,
of Catterick. The Aluwick Rosebud, Hecate, Averne, and Mantalini tribes
prevailed. Mr. J. B. Booths Creon 38,054 by Royal Benedict 27,348 from a
Hecuba coxv, the same breeders Gipsy Chief 52,938, and Wolferton Knight,
from Sandringham, were the principal sires in use. The herd is continued
by Seiior Pereyras representative Senor Leonardo Pereyra Jraola.
Senor Juan Cobo, La Ines, Ranchos, possessed a large herd, chiefly of
Bates blood. The imported stock were principally from Colonel Sir Nigel
Kingscote, Lord Fitzhardinge, Lord Moreton, and Sir Hussey Vivian, Bart.
(afterwards Lord Swansea). There were representatives of the Oxford, Wild
Eyes, Red Rose, Kirklevington, Secret, Blanche, Chaff, Place, and Foggath-
orpe tribes, also the Gwynne, Seraphina, and Old Cherry families. Duke
of Hindlip 5th 49,455 from a Duchess cow, and Mr. T. C. Booths Lord of
Halnaby 53,184 were in service for several years.
Seiior Vicente L. Casares herd at San Martin, Ca uelas, consisted of
mixed blood, but included some well-bred animals of the Sylph, Brawith
Bud, Benson, and May Duchess tribes from Her Majesty Queen Victoria,
Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., Mr. J. J. Sharp, and Mr. R. Botterill. Master
Surmise 2nd 43,640, bred by Mr. F. Leney, by Sixth Duke of Oneida 30,997,
out of a cow of the Bates Secret tribe was the leading sire.
One of if not the largest and most prominent herds was that of Seiior
Domingo Frias at Santa Catalina, Mercedes, in which there was a large
variety of breeding. The herds of Sir Rober Loder, Bart., Mr. W. Hosken,
Mr. J. J. Sharp, and Mr. E. Hales had supplied some of the best bred
animals. In addition to the Duchess, Darlington, Blanche, and Waterloo
tribes he possessed the Hecubas, of Booth blood, Mr. B. Wilsons Certainty,
Mr. Jonas Webbs Celia, Mr. Cradocks Old Cherry, Mr. Boxvlys Gazelle,
Mr. Sharps May Duchess, and the Knightley Walnut tribes. Orange 48,522,
bred by Mr. A. Garfit, was the sire of many of the younger animals; Prince
Patrick 48,522, bred by Mr. J. B. Booth, and the Duke bull Duke of Gloster
8th 51,121 were also freely used.
SefXor Manuel J. Aguirre, El Cha]i, Tuyu, chiefly possessed the Booth
strains, which had been supplied from Mr. J. B. Booth, Lord Polwarth, Mr.
T. Willis, of Carperby, and Mr. S. M. Alexander, in Ireland. The Georgie,
Hecuba, Mantalini, Medora, and Carperby-Rosebud families prevailed in the
herd, in addition to the Gwynnes, Selinas, and Fredas. He used two Hecuba
bulls, viz. King Edward 46,550 bred by Mr. J.B. Booth and Elf King 51,215,
bred by Mr. J. Fielden.
Besides the foregoing, the following were the leading breeders who sup-
ported the Herd Book on its first appearance:
Manuel S. Aguirre, Santa Narcisa, Pila.

E.and R. Bunge, El Socorro, Juarez.
Josefa L. de Cobo, San Jos6 de las Clijicas, Aj6.
Duggan Brothers, La Caledonia, Carmen de Areco.
Augustin de Elia, Tapiales, Matanzas.
J os6 L. Fages, Establo Rural, Mercedes.
F.J. Meeks, Paradise Grove, Lomas de Zamora.
Remigio Molinas, La Maria, Castelly.
Ricardo Newton, Los Jagueles, Chascomus.
Rodolfo Pe?ia, San Genaro, Monte.
Celedonio Pereda, La Isabel, Azul.

Ezequiel F. Ramos Mexia, Miraflores, Maipii.
P.V. A. Reid, Las Barrancas, Chascomus.
Juan Jos6 Romero, Santa Clara, Juarez.
Felipe Senillosa, El Venado, Pila.
Narciso Vivot, El Retiro, Chascomus.
Jacinta U. de Zemborain, San Augustin, Mercedes.
In the tenth volume of the Herd Book, which included animals born
up to November 31,1905, there were one hundred and ninety-six breeders
who entered females, as against forty- two in the first volume, which shows
the growth and progress of Shorthorn breeding in the Argentine during the
decade. In the whole ten volumes a total of 11,560 bulls and i 3,800 cows
and heifers were inscribed.
Among the many breeders xvhose herds have since made a mark in the
Argentine Shorthorn world, besides those previously named, the following
should also be mentioned
Eduardo and Jos6 L. Acosta, La Constitucion, Lobos.
Juan M. Altolaguirre, Idiazabal, San Nicohis.
Camilo E. de Alvear, Manantiales, Chascomiis.
Tom4s E. de Anchorina, Santa Clara, Lobos.
Arturo Tom is Bell, Cabafia del Rincon, La Plata.
Jorge Bell, Estancia Grande, La Plata.
Silvano Bousom et Co., La Cuadrada, Ayacucho.
Rarn6n J. CArcano, Ana Maria, Uni6n, C6rdoba.
Eustaquio Qirdenas, Los Pinos, Almirante Brown.
Hector F. Casares, Grana la Mercedes, San Vicente.
Eduardo and Alberto Castex, Los Altos Verdes, Maipd.
Manuel Jos6 Cobo, La Belen and Las Barrancas, Chascomus.
Augustin de Elia, Yamahuida, Maip(i.
Pedro Estangnet, Santa Isabel, Laboulaye, C6rdoba.
Benjamin.Gimenez Paz, Cabaf ia San Bias, Saladillo.
Ceferino Girado, La Alameda, Chascomus.
Eduardo Healy, Las Rosas, Salto.
Rodrigue and Fortalis Hileret, Las Liebres, Beigrano, Santa F
P.and G. Hughes, El Inca, Puan.
Pelayo Ledesma, La Mercedes, Rosario, Santa F .
Cecilio Lopez Dos Marias, Juarez.
J os6 M. Maibran, San Juan, Pehuajo.
Miguel A. Martinez de Hoz, Chapadmalal, Gral. Pueyrred6n.
Angel D. Newton, La Carolina, Ayacucho.
J os6 L. Newton, San Ram6n, Ayacucho.
J os6 and Narciso Ocampo, San Miguel, Pergamino.
Domingo, Pablo and Adolfo Olivera, Mari-Luincul, Maipii.
13.8. THE BREED IN OTHER COUNTRIES 593
Raimundo Piiiero, Jos6 Maria, Tandil.

Rainos Mexia and Bengolea, Miraflores, Maip i.
Pastor Senillosa, San Felipe, Ayacucho.
Francisco Serantes, La Merced, Tuyii.
Alfredo F. de Urquiza, Las Palmas, Zirate.
Gregorio Villafafte, San Gregorio, Chacabuco.
Carlos Villatte Olaguer, Cabiifta Azcu naga, San Isidro.
Arturo Yeomans, La Norumbega, 9 de Julio.
Of the above-named breeders, Sefior Manuel Jos Cobo, of La Belen and

Las Barrancas, has perhaps the largest, and certainly one of the most impor-
tant herds. The many celebrated prize animals that have been purchased
of late years on his behalf, by Mr. Miller, has caused it to be one of the
best known in this country. Among the numerous famous sires used in it of
late have been Mr. Heatons Master Recorder 69,101, the Royal champion at
Manchester, in 1897; Mr. George Harrisons Baron Gainford 78,325, which
was sold at the great sale at Cabana del Rincon, in 1904, to Seiior Olaguer
for $ i8,ooo (equal to 1566); Mr. A. M. Gordons Bright Stone 80,556, a son
of Cornerstone; Sir A. Hendersons Dusky Prince 80,956, a son of Wanderers
Prince from a Lady Bates cow, and Kings Council 83,829, bred by Messrs.
Lumsden and Mackenzie, in Scotland.
Messrs. Bullrich and Co., of Buenos Ayres, the leading live- stock auc-
tioneers of the country, now issue a half-yearly circular on somewhat the
same lines as Thorntons Circular, that has been published in England since
i868. In addition to the shows and sales, a list of the importations is given,
as well as particulars of those animals that were slaughtered owing to their
having failed to pass the tuberculin test.
13.8 The breed in other countries

Among other countries not previously mentioned, Germany has been our
most regular customer for nearly twenty-five years. Mr. H. R. Hamkens and
Mr. A. Bucka are names well known in connection with the export trade
to that country. Moderate priced bulls with rich dark colours, neat hind
quarters, and good heads have been sought with the object of improving
the native stocks. In 1901 a band of enterprising farmers in a small village
in Schleswig-Holstein, realising the benefit of a good sire, joined together,
and through Mr. Hamkens, purchased for 450 gs. Mr. Duddings red
bull Victor, bred by Lord Lovat in Inverness-shire, after he had won second
prize at the Royal Show at Cardiff. This purchase proved highly successful;
Victor turned out a most impressive sire, and the young bulls by him realised
higher prices than any previously bred in the country. This naturally led
to further selections of high class sires, and in 1904 the bull Major Fraser
Tytler was bought at Birmingham by Mr. Hamkens for 260 gs., also Mr.
Leons Buckingham, at the auction at the Royal Show, for 350 gs. Both
these bulls were bred by Lord Lovat, and by Royal Star, the sire of Victor.
At the Perth sale, February 1907, Mr. Hamkens was again instructed to
buy the best bull that could be found, and he eventually purchased Mr. W.
Anderson s Spicy Charmer, a red calf of the Uppermill Clara tribe, for 900
gs., by far the highest price ever paid for a Shorthorn for Germany.
Since 1886, a few head have been exported nearly every year to Africa,
principally to Cape Colony and Natal. The largest number in one season was
forty-nine, which was the total taken out in 1903. It was hoped that as the
country became more settled after the war there would be a considerable
demand from the Colony, but as yet these hopes have not materialised.
Settlers are much handicapped by the terrible cattle diseases rife in the
country, and naturally hesitate to import costly animals, and pay the heavy
expenses entailed thereby. A number of Jerseys, Red Polls, and others have
also been taken, chiefly as experiments, but it will in all probability be
found that, when the difficulties lately experienced have been overcome,
the cosmopolitan Shorthorn will eventually take the first place in South
Africa as it has done in other parts of the globe.
Although Russia had previously taken an occasional odd Shorthorn, it
was not until 1899 that there was a good sign of a demand arising from
that country. During that year nineteen head went from England, and the
numbers gradually increased, until in 1902 the total was eighty-five head. In
1903 it dropped to thirty-six, since when the numbers exported have been
insignificant. The trade arose chiefly by the instrumentality of Sir R. P.
Cooper, Bart., of Shenstone, who has large interests in Russia. Most of the
animals purchased were consigned to Professor Paul Kouleschoff.
During the eighties a considerable number of bulls were purchased by
Messrs. F. Duchateau and V. Van Volsem for the Provinces of De Brabant,
Flandre, Occidentale, Hainaut, Limbourg, and Mamur for the Belgian Gov-
ernment, but of late years there has been little, if any, demand from that
country.
Sweden has occasionally been a good customer to English breeders, the
largest shipments being in 1891 and 1892. Mr. C. Christenson was the
principal importer, and a few head were taken by Mr. Bergland and Mr.
Lilyhagen. Mr. J. F. Dickson founded a good little herd at Gothenburg in
1892 by the purchase of seven cows and two bulls, all red in colour, from the
herds of Sir C. F. Smythe, Bart., Messrs. J. Handley, A. Scott, W. Graham,
J. Holliday, J. Todd, W. Faulkner, and Sir R. G. Musgrave, Bart.
At various times during the last quarter of a century Shorthorns have
also been exported to Denmark, Finland, Holland, India, Jamaica, Japan,
Madeira, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Tasmania, Siam, Italy, Portugal,
etc.
Chapter 14
Some impressive sires

1863-1898
In contributing a description of some of the impressive sires that have come

under his observation from 1863 to 1898, Mr. Robert Bruce writes as follows
:Not alone amongst cattle but amongst all breeds of our domestic animals
males and females occasionally crop up possessed of a power beyond others
of transmitting a uniformity of type and character to their progeny. In
many cases it is quite impossible to arrive at any satisfactory explanation as
to the reason why this power should be possessed by one animal more than
another. In the case of what is known as closely bred animals, the possession
of prepotent power may be said to follow as a natural consequence, and many
bulls that were bred at Kirklevington, Killerby, Warlaby, and Sittyton can
be singled out as instances of the impressive power of the Bates, Booth,
and Cruickshank sires. When, however, we look into the matter we find
that even amongst such closely bred sires as those in the herds just named,
animals have appeared having a power beyond others of leaving a uniform
impress upon their progeny. Instances can be given when own brothers,
equally good looking, were of very different values as sires, the one earning
a reputation as being exceptionally good, and the other of being a very
indifferent getter. Such instances are pointed to as sufficient reasons for the
belief held by many breeders, that it is only after a sire has been used, and
his stock seen, that a reliable estimate can be formed of his value.
Many of the Kirklevington, Killerby, and Warlaby animals might be
named that have always been looked upon as impressive sires; these I could
only speak of upon the authority of others who had an opportunity, which
I had not, of seeing their progeny. It must be acknowledged that under
a system long pursued by breeders of Bates cattle the milking power of
the breed suffered less during the time of inflated prices than did some
other qualities, and, on this account, there ire nany descendants of the
Kirklevington Shorthorns that can be said to be dairy cattle. This fact
595
596 CHAPTER 14. SOME IMPRESSIVE SIRES 1863-1898
seems to point to Bates families as being in a special degree suitable to be

crossed with the wide-chested, deeper-fleshed northern cattle.
It may seem that any article dealing with the subject of impressive sires
must be incomplete unless animals were mentioned whose impressive influ-
ence tended towards deterioration, as well as those exercising an influence
for good. This no doubt may be true, seeing that breeders and students of
pedigrees must be quite as much interested in the one class as the other.
Bearing in mind that, after all we have learned from scientists, there is still
much that is mysterious about breeding, and although the direct descen-
dants of a sire may be disappointing, it has often been found that his name
in a pedigree has come, in after years, to be looked upon as a strengthening
element in it. And again, whatever one s private opinion may be, it would
seem unnecessary to venture adverse criticism upon a subject on which much
difference of opinion must exist. For these and other reasons anything in
the shape of adverse criticism regarding the impressive sires I have seen, and
have looked upon as doing harm will be avoided.
The following sires are spoken of in alphabetical order of their names,
nothing in the shape of comparison being intended.
Beau Benedict 42,769
Roan, calved 1879, was bred by Mr. Win. Linton, Sheriff Hutton, from a
family that had produced a number of very high-class animals. He made his
reputation as a sire in the late Mr. Robert Thompsons herd at Inglewood
Bank, Penrith. He was a bull of beautiful quality and great depth of flesh.
For a number of years his male and female progeny took a most prominent
position at the Royal and other shows, the following, amongst many others,
being worthy of note, viz. Inglewood Belle, Inglewood Pride, Lily Milli-
cent, Molly Millicent, Madge Millicent, Belle Madeline, Royal Baron 50,354,
Inglewood Prince 49,774, Master Shapeley 53,292, and Merry Beau 56,i8o.
Beau Benedict was got by the Killerby bull Paul Potter 38,854, his dam
being by the Warlaby bull Mountain Chief 20,383, while his granddam was
very closely in-bred to the Sittyton bull Magnus Troil 14,880.
Captain of the Guard 58,596
Red, calved 1889, was bred at Sittyton and used in the Bapton Manor,
Upper- mill, Pitlochry, and Collynie herds. He was an impressive sire, many
of his male and female progeny doing much good service in the above-named
herds. He was got by Corn-. modore 54,118, his dam being Christmas
Carol, a member of Mr. Cruickshanks Crocus family, and a daughter of
Cumberland 46,144. He was a moderate-sized bull, with good shoulders,
ribs, and loins, but was rather plain in his hind quarters.
597
Clear the Way 42,604
Roan, calved 1882, was bred at Sittyton, and stood for a time in Mr. David-
sons herd at Mains of Cairnbrogie. When Mr. Davidsons herd was sold he
was purchased by Mr. James Bruce, and was the principal stock bull in the
Inverquhomery herd for several years. He was a most impressive sire, a num-
ber of steers got by him making a great record for Scotch-bred Shorthorns at
the Smithfield shows. The cows got by him in the Inverqu- homery herdall
deep bodied, wide chestedwere the dams of a number of bulls that became
the sires of well-known prize winners. He was a bull of great substance,
standing on short legs, with much quality and beautiful hair. He was got
by Perfection 37,185, a bull of the Violet family, his dam being Claret by
Grand V.izier 34,086, and a granddaughter of Champion of England.
Count Lavender 60,545
Roan, calved 1889, was bred by Mr. W. Duthie, and in the herd of Mr. J.
Deane Willis won a great number of prizes at the principal shows. lie became
the sire of many prize winners, and many of his progeny became the par-
ents of well-known show-yard animals. He was a short-legged, wide-chested
bull, with a strong back and loins, and deep quarters. Amongst the many
well- known animals got by Count Lavender may be mentioned Czarowitz
63,850, Bapton Victory 69,910, Count Victor 66,877, Golden Count 68,711,
Centurian 72,183, Bapton Emigrant 71,970, Wiltshire Count 69,824, Count
Arthur 70,194, Count Valiant 70,200, Bapton Count 71,969, Bapton Courtier
76,077, Miranda, Lavender Countess, Bapton Pearl, Cactus, Victoria Count-
ess, Carnation, Sensation, Victrix, and Alexandrina. Count Lavender was
got by Norseman 56,233, a Nonpareil bull bred at Sittyton, and his dam,
Sweet Lavender, was got by Earl of March 33,807, to be afterwards spoken
of, from Lavender 26th by Mr. Amos Cruickshanks Grand Vizier 34,086.
Count Victor 66,877
Roan, calved 1894, was bred by Mr. J. Deane Willis and used in the Bapton
Manor herd for a short season as a yearling, being sold to go to the Argentine
after winning at the Royal as a calf in 1894, and as a one-year-old in 1895.
I-Ic left in the herd the following bulls that have done much good for the
breed, viz. Bapton Victor 69,909, Prince Victor, to be spoken of, Wiltshire
Victor 71,883, Golden Victor 70,542, and Nonpareil Victor 71,071. He was
a stylish, straight, level bull, with beautiful hair and handle; his crops were
wide and his quarters long and well filled. He was got by Count Lavender
60,545, from Victoria 84th, bred at Sittyton, and got by Gondolier 52,956,
a member of Mr. A. Cruickshanks Pure Gold family.
Cumberland 46,144
Roan, calved i88o, was bred and used in the Sittyton herd. He was the sire
of a large number of bulls and heifers that were exported to Canada and
the United States, where they were held in high estimation. Many of the
animals in the Sittyton herd, when it was sold, were got by him, and quite
a number of them became the sires or dams of animals that have figured
prominently in the show-yards at home and abroad during the past twenty
years. Cumberland was got by Pride of the Isles 35,072 from Custard, a
granddaughter of Champion of England on the mothers side, while Cus-
tards sire, Royal Duke of Gloster, was a grandson f the same famous sire.
Cumberland was a wide-chested deep-shouldered bull of great quality and
deep flesh. His hooks were rather prominent and his hocks somewhat plain.
Duke of Aosta 28,356

Roan, calved 1870, was bred by Mr. T. H. Hutchinson, Catterick, and stood
in the herd of Mr. A. H. Browne, Doxford, Northumberland, where he
became a valuable sire. His two sons, Rosario 35,315 and Pioneer 35,042,
were two of the most famous show bulls of their day, the former in Mr. J.
A. Gordons herd at Udale, being a most impressive sire. Duke of Aosta was
a thick, wide- chested bull, with good shoulders and wide ribs. He was got
by the Killerby bull K.C.B. 26,492, from Queen of Spain by the Killerby sire
Valasco 15,443.
Duke of Connaught 33,604

Roan, calved 1873, was bred by the Earl of Dunmore and purchased by Lord
Fitzhardinge, when two years old, at 4500 gs., and in his hei-d became the
sire of many high-class animals, including the following winners at the Royal,
viz. Kirklevington Empress 3rd, Lady Wild Eyes i th, and Wisdom 2nd. He
was a wide-chested, round-ribbed bull, with wide, deep quarters, standing
on shorter legs than many bulls of Bates blood. He was got by Duke of
Hillhurst 28,401, from Duchess o8th by Eighth Duke Qf York 28,48Q.
Earl of March 33,807

Roan, calved 1874, was bred by Mr. James Bruce, Burnside, Fochabers,
and used in his herd for several seasons, and afterwards passed into the
possession of Mr. W. Duthie, Collynie, in whose herd he did good service.
In his breeders hands he won a large number of prizes, including first at
the Highland Societys Aberdeen meeting as a two-year-old. He was a most
impressive sire, and the frequency with which his name crops up in the pedi-
grees of many of the prize-winning North of Scotland animals indicates the
amount of good such a bull is capable of doing. He was got by Frederick
599
Fitz-Windsor 31,196 by Windsor Fitz-Windsor 25,458, and bred by Mr. T.

Willis, Carperby, his dam being Fanny by Royal Errant 22780.
Field Marshal 42,870

Roan, calved 1882, was bred by Mr. Amos Cruickshank, and, after standing
in Mr. W. Duthies herd at Collynie for three seasons, went to Windsor and
was principal stock bull in the Royal herd for several seasons. He proved a
very impressive sire, his influence for good being evident in both herds. His
many good qualifications, both in form and in strength of constitution,
could be easily traced in several generations of his descendants. He was
a bull of great scale, with a good head, well-filled neck, straight top line,
with wide ribs, and long, full, well-finished quarters. He was the sire of the
three famous heifers, Rose- bud, Rosemary, and Rowena, and of the three
great bulls, Mario 51,713, Major 59,149, and Fairfax 60,792, all first-prize
winners at the Royal, as well as being the sire of several steers that won at
Smithfield. He was got by Roan Gauntlet 35,284, his dam being Azalea, by
C iesar Augustus 25704, a son of Champion of England.
Gravesend 46,461
Red, calved 1881, was bred by Mr. Amos Cruickshank, and after being in
servic e for some tirme in Mr. Simmers herd, passed into Mr. S. Campbells
herd at Kinellar, where he was successfully used for a number of years. As
an old bull he was bought by Mr. W. Duthie, in whose herd he became
the sire of several well-known bulls that did much good service at home and
abroad. Gravesend in Mr. Campbells herd was the sire of a number of
high-class animals that were exported, many of them going into well-known
herds in Canada and the United States. Few bulls have made better records
as sires. He was got by Royal Victor 43,792, a grandson of Scotlands Pride
from Gentian, a member of Mr. Cruickshanks Pure Gold family, and a
granddaughter of Champion of England. He was a long, straight bull, with
well-laid shQuld rs, strong loins and pleasant handle,
Heir of Englishman 24,122

Roan, calved 1865, was bred and exhibited by Mr. G. R. Barclay, of Keavil,
in whose possession he was placed at the Royal, and won first in the class of
aged bulls at the Aberdeen meeting of the Highland Society in i868. He was
afterwards purchased by Mr. W. S. Marr, Uppermill, was used in his herd
for a number of years, and became the sire of a large number of superior
animals. Although a number of the animals got by him were winners at local
and other shows, his value as a sire rests more upon the general excellence
of his descendants in a large herd that was supplying farmers with bulls
for crossing purposes. The impressiveness of Heir of Englishman as a sire
was very apparent in the quality of hair he imparted to his stock, a quality
which could be recognised in his descendants for generations. Along with
the beautiful quality of hair and handle he imparted, the females got by him
were, as a rule, deep milkers. He was by Englishman 19701, bred by Mr.
Jonas Webb, and from Seraphina 13th by John 0 Gaunt 16,322.
Knickerbocker 38,510
Roan, calved 1876, was bred by the Duke of Buccleuch, Dalkeith Park, used
for a time in Mr. J. McWilliams herd at Stoneytown, and afterwards stood
as stock bull in Mr. James Bruces herd, at Burnside, in whose hands he
won a large number of prizes, including first as an aged bull at the Highland
Society. He was a straight, level bull with considerable style and character.
His name appears in a number of north of Scotland pedigrees and there can
be no question but that he left an impress for good wherever he was used,
a number of his progeny having figured largely in the northern show-yards.
He was got by Rosedale Favourite 29,831 from Ladys Maid by Royal Errant
22,780, both sire and dam being full of Killerby and Warlaby blood.
Pride of Morning 64,546

Roan, calved 1892, was bred by Mr. W. Duthie, used in his herd for a number
of years, where he became the sire of a very large number of high-class
animals. Many of the bulls got by him did splendid service in English and
Scotch herds. He was a large-framed, strong-backed bull, that, after winning
at the Highland Societys Show as a two-year-old, was champion male of the
breed. He was got by Star of Morning 58,198, his dam Patience, bred by
Mr. A. M. Gordon, of Newton, being a member of Mr. A. Cruickshanks
Clipper family.
Prince Victor 73,320

Roan, calved 1896, was bred by Mr. J. Deane Willis, and was purchased
when one year old for the Royal herd at Windsor, where he was the principal
stock bull for a number of years. Not having been bred at Windsor he was
never exhibited, although, when in his prime, he was quite a show bull.
His head, neck, shoulders, ribs, loins, and quarters were good. The male
and female progeny of Prince Victor have bred a large number of high-class
animals, and the following very noted prize winners got by him indicate his
greati impressive influence: Cicely, Rose of Sharon, Miranda, Melinda, Fair
One, Sylph, Fragrance, Royal Duke 75,509, Franciscan 76,711, and Ronald
79,775, Prince Victor was got by Count Victor 66,877, from Pretty Princess,
a member of the Uppermill Princess Royal family got by Captain of the
Guard 58,596.
601
Rising Star 54,920

Roan, calved 1885, was bred by Mr. W. S. Marr, Uppermill, from whom
he was purchased by Mr. W. Duthie, in whose hands he won at the Royal
Northern Show in i886. After being in service for a time in the Collynie
herd he was purchased ,by Mr. J. Deane Willis, and, in the Bapton herd, he
became the sire of bulls that did much good service in a number of south of
England herds, and whose names appear in the pedigrees of many winners at
local and county shows in that part of the country. He was got by William
of Orange 50,694, his dam being Roan Lady i ith by Athabasca 47,359,
whose granddam on both sides was got by Caesar Augustus 25,704, a son
of Champion of England 17,526.
Roan Gauntlet 35,284

Roan, calved 1873, was bred and used in the Sittyton herd, where he was
considered by Mr. Cruickshank as being a most impressive and valuable sire.
I never saw the bull, but the following description of him was given me by
Mr. W. Duthie: Roan Gauntlet, remarkable for substance, with rare wealth
of flesh and hair, very wide and near the ground, with strong back; his dam
a rare good cow and a good milker. When I purchased the Sittyton herd
there was in the lot quite a number of middle-aged cows that were got by
this bull, and I have no hesitation in saying they were one and all beautiful
specimens that could at once be selected as the cream of the Sittyton herd.
Unfortunately a large proportion of his stock had for a number of years been
exported to North America, but the few bulls by him that were used by home
breeders, testified in a marked degree to the value of Roan Gauntlet as a
sire. He was got by Royal Duke of Gloster 29,864, a grandson of Champion
of England 17,526, and his dam, Princess Royal, was got by Champion of
England.
Royal Duke 75,509

Roan, calved 1898, was bred and used in the Royal herd at Windsor. Win-
ning as a yearling at the Highland Society, he was first and champion male
the following year at the Royal Dublin, the Royal Counties, the Royal, and
the Highland. As a three-year-old he was first and champion at the Royal,
and as a four-year-old he was again first and champion at the Royal Coun-
ties and the Royal. He was sold to go to the Argentine, after having made
an unprecedented show-yard record. He was the sire of the great show cows
Sylph and Sweetheart, the heifers Mildred and Sapphire, and of the bulls
Royal Chieftain 84,587, Enchanter 85,88k, and many other high-class ani-
mals. He was got by Prince Victor 75,509 from Rosewater, a member of
the Ruth family, by Red Rover 63,192, a grand son of the great sire Field
Marshal.
Royal Errant 22,780

Red, calved 1863, was bred and used in the Duke of Buccleuchs herd at
Dalkeith Park. He was a deep, wide-bodied bull, standing on short legs, with
a well-covered back, and straight, well-filled quarters. His horns were long,
with less strength and thickness than many breeders approved of, and it was
freely said that he had a steers horns, indicating want of masculine character.
His history as a sire, however, disproved all such criticisms, seeing he was
one of the most impressive sires of his day. For several years bulls, cows,
and heifers got by Royal Errant gained a large number of first and special
prizes at important shows. Two of his sons, Baronet 25,564 and Scotsman
27,435, were winners at the Highland Society, the latter also winning in a
large class of two-year-old bulls at the Oxford meeting of the Royal. His sire
and dam were got by the Booth bulls Knight Errant 18,154 and Cardigan
12,556.
Royal Windsor 29,890

White, calved 1869, was bred by Mr. T. Willis, Carperby, Bedale, and
owned by Mr. John Outhwaite, Bainesse, in whose hands he was largely
shown, and was the sire of many well-known prize-winning animals, a few
of the most important of which are given below. He was a long, straight,
level-fleshed bull, with great style and character. His head was good, his
shoulders smooth and well laid, with their points running nicely into well-
filled neck veins. His loins and quarters were almost perfect, and but that
he might have been rather wider all through, and somewhat shorter on
his legs, he was otherwise one of the best show bulls that have appeared
during the past fifty years. He was the sire of a number of Royal, Yorkshire,
and High- h.nd SociQty winners, in lnding LQrd Godolphin 36,o65, Duke
of Chamburgh 36,052, Earl of Zetland 43,596, Miss Fox, and Lady Danby.
Royal Windsor was got by Fitz Windsor.
Scotland’s Pride 25,100

Roan, calved 1866, was bred by Mr. Amos Cruickshank and, as a sire, was
held in high estimation by his breeder. As a yearling he won first prize in
his class and the championship as the best male of the Shorthorn breed at
the Royal Northern Show in 1867. He was largely used at Sittyton, and
became the sire of many high-class males and females, several of his sons
having been selected as stock bulls in the home herd. Every one acquainted
with the Sittyton herd will readily acknowledge the great amount of good
Scotlands Pride did in imparting to his progeny the quality and character
he himself possessed. One of his sons, Pride of the Isles, figures in the
pedigrees of a number of the best animals in the Sittyton herd when it was
sold. He was got by Grand Monarque 21,867, a Violet bull by Champion of
603
England 17,526, and from Lovely 8th by Bosquet 14,183, bred by Sir Charles
Knightley.
Scottish Archer 59,893

Roan, calved i888, was bred by Mr. Amos Cruickshank, Sittyton, and was in
service for a short time in the Bapton Manor herd, and afterwards stood for
a number of years as principal stock bull at Collynie. He was a masculine
looking bull standing on short legs, with deep, well-laid shoulders, wide
chest and full flanks. His loins were strong and his quarters full and well
finished. With rather wide hook bones his ribs seemed less well sprung than
they actually were. He was a most impressive sire, as was evidenced by the
excellence of both his male and female progeny. He was a very closely bred
bull, his sire and dam being both got by Pride of the Isles 35,072, a Pure
Gold bull in-bred to Champion of England 17,526, while his granddam was
got by Champion of England. Very few bulls were better known, and year
after year the Collynie bull-calves got by Scottish Archer attracted breeders
to Mr. Duthies sales from all parts of the Kingdom.
Sign of Riches 66,324

Red, calved 1893, was bred by Mr. W. S. Marr, and used for a number
of years in the herd at Caledon. While in the Earl of Caledons possession
he won a number of first and special prizes at the Royal Dublin, the Royal
Ulster, and the Highland Society. Few bulls of late years have left a deeper
impression upon a very large number of cattle than did Sign of Riches. He
was the sire of a number of bulls that did much good service in the north of
Ireland and other herds. Mated with the Caledon cows and others in that
part of th country, where for a long term of years bulls bred from Booth
strains had been used, Sign of Riches left his mark in a very pronounced
degree. He was got by Lord Mayor 61,193, a son of Gravesend 46,461, his
dam being Bessie 30th by the Sittyton bull Athabasca 47,359. He was a
deep, thick-fleshed bull with great width of chest and well-laid shoulders.
His quarters were wide and full, but rather wanting in finish at the tail.
Sir Arthur Ingram 32,490

Roan, calved 1872, was bred by Mr. W. Linton, Sheriff Hutton, Yorkshire,
and in his possession won a large number of first prizes and cups. In his
breeders hands he became the sire of a number of prize-winning animals. At
the dispersion of the Sheriff Hutton herd he was purchased by Mr. Handley,
and in his herd and those of his neighbours the use of Sir Arthur Ingram
was attended with much success, his name and those of his sons appearing
in the pedigrees of a large number of show-yard winners bred in the north-
west of England. He was a long, level, straight-topped bull, wanting some-
what in width of chest. His shoulders were well laid; his quarters were long
and well filled, and his hair and handle excellent. He was the sire of the
following prize-winning bulls: Sir Hugo Irwin 35,563, Hovingham 43,363,
Lord Arthur 40,135, Sir Arthur Ingram 2nd 47,093, Royal Ingram, 50,374,
Goldfinder 47,967, Gold Digger 49,651, Golden Treasure, and others. His
sire was Sergeant Major 29,957, bred at Killerby; his grandsire Mountain
Chief 20,383, bred at Warlaby; and his granddam was got by Blood Royal,
a son of the Towneley bull Third Duke of Athol 12,734, and her dam by the
Sitty- ton-bred bull Magnus Troil 14,880.
Telemachus 27,603
Roan, calved 1868, was bred and owned by the Marquis of Exeter, in whose
possession he was largely shown, winning many prizes at the Royal and
Yorkshire and other important shows in England. He was a deep, wide bull
of much quality and substance. His head, neck, ribs, and back were good,
while his quarters, somewhat rounded, were wide and full of muscle. His
shoulders were rather upright and strong, tending to make him look rather
deficient behind his elbows. He was got by Nestor 24,648, a Bates Gwynne
bull, from Louisa 9th, a granddaughter of Mr. Thomas Bates Fourth Duke
of Northumberland, and from a family of good old north of England blood.
Tele- machus was the sire of the two great prize-winning bulls Telemachus
6th and 9th, and of the prize-winning females Telemacina, Garnet, Sea Bird,
and Sea Lark.
Wanderer 60,138
Roan, calved 1889, was bred by Mr. A. Cruickshank, and for a time stood
in the herd of Mr. T. T. Baker, Tapenhall, Claines, Worcester, where he
was the sire of several bulls that became the sires of prize-winning animals
in the English show-yards. He was bought by Mr. W. S. Marr, and was
one of the stock bulls in the Uppermill herd for a number of years. He was
a long, straight bull, with good ribs, wide loins, and well-finished quarters.
He was closely bred, being got by Commodore 54,1 i8, a bull that Mr.
Amos Cruickshank held in high estimation, and from Godiva by Cumberland
46,144.
Windsor Fitz-Windsor 25,458

Roan, calved i866, was bred by Mr. Carr, Stackhouse, and used for a number
of years in the Carperby herd belonging to Mr. Thomas Willis. He was a
closely bred Booth bull, being got by Imperial Windsor i8,o86 from Windsors
Queen by Windsor 14,013. He was the sire of a large number of beautiful
females that became the dams of a number of prizewinning animals. Four of
605
his sonsRoyal Windsor, Admiral Windsor, Mayor of Windsor, and Frederick

Fitz-Windsor, became famous as sires.
William of Orange 50,694

, roan, calved 1883, was bred at Sittyton, and stood in Mr. W. S. Marrs
herd at Upper- mill for a number of years. He earned a world-wide name as
a sire, and his impressive powers were inherited by his sons, many of whom
did good service at home and abroad. He was a large, deep-fleshed bull,
with wide ribs, strong loins, and thick, deep quarters. Although not a show
bull, his great width of chest and other evidence of strength of constitution
marked him as a breeders sire. He was got by Roan Gauntlet 35,284 from
Orange Blossom 21st by Ca sar Augustus 25,704.
Chapter 15
Registration and pedigrees.

Shorthorn literature
15.1 Shorthorn Society of Great Britain and Ire-

land
On a preceding page an account has been given of the establishment, in
1822, of Coatess Herd Book, for the registration of the pedigrees of Improved
Shorthorn cattle. The earlier volumes, up to and including the fifth, were
edited by Mr. George Goates and his son. Then, in 1846, the Herd Book was
acquired by Mr. Henry Strafford, by whom it was carried on from 1846 to
1872. The vastly expanded importance of the Shorthorn breeding industry
rendered it undesirable that, however ably and impartially the work was
performed, the only recognised register should remain in the hands of a
private individual. The proceedings leading up to the change are of special
interest, inasmuch as the organisation that resulted was the first of the
numerous Breed Societies that now exist throughout the world, and that
have exercised so great and beneficial an influence on the progress of stock
breeding.
It was stated in dccuments published at the time that, owing to the
increased value of Shorthorns some thirty or or forty years ago, there were,
to a limited extent, outside the Herd Book, practices growing up which it
was necessary to check. On the initiative of the Earl of Dunmore, who then
owned one of the most valuable herds in the world, a circular in the following
terms was issued in 1872
86, Brook Street, W.

We, the undersigned, being of opinion that certain current re-
ports of fraudulent transactions in regard to pedigrees of Short-
horns require a further investigation, earnestly request your at-
tendance at a meeting of Shorthorn breeders to be held at 86,
607
608 CHAPTER 15. REGISTRATION AND LITERATURE
Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, W., on Tuesday, July 23, 1872,

at 12 o’clock.
(Signed) Dunmore,
Skelmersdale,
Penrhyn,
Nigel Kingscote.
15th July, 1872
This conference, it will be seen, was held to deal with a specific question
in connection with the breed.
It was two years later before the project of purchasing the Herd Book
and forming a Society took practical shape. As the result of a meeting
held in June, 1874, the following circular was addressed to the breeders of
Shorthorn cattle in Great Britain and Ireland
At a general meeting of the breeders of Shorthorn cattle of

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, held at Willis
Rooms, on July 1, 1874, the Earl of Dunmore, Lord Skelmers-
dale, Lord Penrhyn, Colonel Kingscote, the Rev. J. Storer, Mr.
H. Chandos-Pole-Gell, and Mr. T. C. Booth were appointed a
committee (with power to add to their number) for the following
purposes
1. To form a company for the purchase from Mr. Strafford
of Coates’s Herd Book, and for the future preparation and
publication of a Shorthorn Herd Book;
2. To form a Society of Shorthorn breeders, with a managing
committee, or council, for the purpose of collecting and
publishing accurate information as to the pedigrees and sale
of Shorthorns, and for promoting the general interests of
Shorthorn breeders.
The above committee met immediately after the close of the
general meeting, and after adding Mr. Charles Howard, Mr.
R. Chaloner, Mr. Hugh Aylmer, and Mr. E. Bowly to their
number, and appointing Mr. Harward their honorary secretary,
they entered upon their duties.
A report was drawn up in which it was stated that they had resolved
provisionally to purchase the Herd Book, including the manuscript, copy-
right, and stock-in-hand, at /’500o, and to form a company to carry out the
purchase, and to also form a society for the purpose mentioned in the above
resolution. After considerable delay the arrangement was carried out on
the terms stated above. In a review of the circumstances, the committee
fully recognised that Mr. Strafford had so conducted the book as to deal
15.1. SHORTHORN SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND609
out justice to all. But whilst Shorthorn breeders are dependent upon Mr.
Strafford and his Herd Book, the interests which have grown up in con-
nection with Shorthorn breeding within the last few years have increased in
importance suddenly, and in an unlooked for degree. The increased number
of breeders, the enhanced value of Shorthorns, and the great results which
have followed from improved breeds, have recently given to Shorthorn breed-
ing a public interest which it never had before, whilst Mr. Straffords book
contains the sole authentic register of this great success.
The committee met at Colonel Sir Nigel Kingscotes house, 34, Charles
Street, on July 2, 1874, when the formation of the Society was formally
recommended, and, at a meeting of the Council, on July 3, the Duke of
Devonshire, K.G., was elected the first president. The first Editing Com-
mittee appointed consisted of the Earl of Dunmore, Mr. Chandos-Pole-Gell,
Colonel Kingscote, and Mr. Booth.
The chief objects of the Society, as described in the memorandum and
Articles of Association, are as follows
1. To maintain unimpaired the purity of the breed of cat-

tle known as Shorthorns, and to promote impartially the
breeding of all the various tribes, families, and strains of
such cattle.
2. To further the above objects:
(a) By continuing the issue of the publication called Coates’s
Herd Book; and acquiring the stock thereof.
(b) By acquiring, and either continuing (with or without
any kind of modification) or suspending the issue of
any other publication dealing with, or bearing upon,
such objects.
(c) By collecting, verifying, and publishing, in the United
Kingdom and abroad, information relating to the pedi-
grees of Shorthorn cattle.
(d) By investigating and reporting upon cases of doubtful
or suspected pedigrees of such cattle.
(e) By undertaking the arbitrament upon, and settlement
of disputes and questions relating to, or connected with,
Shorthorn cattle and the breeding thereof.
(f) By corresponding with and affiliating corporations, so-
cieties, and persons in the United Kingdom and abroad
interested in, or professing, objects similar to, or con-
nected with, the objects of this Society.
The Society was. incorporated on June 15th, 1875.

The Society has published thirty-three volumes of Coatess Herd Book

(from Vol. XXI. to Vol. LIII.), the pedigrees of bulls now figuring up to
97,758.
In addition to the publication of the Herd Book, the Society offers prizes
at leading shows, the sum recently allocated for this purpose nearly ap-
proaching £1000 annually.
A list of the presidents and vice-presidents since the formation of the
Shorthorn Society is shown in table 15.1.
Mr. H. J. Hine was appointed the first secretary of the Society in 1874,
the duties of honorary secretary in connection with the organisation having
been discharged by Mr. John Harward, Winterfold, Kidderminster. On
Mr. Hines death, in 1888, Mr. E. J. Powell was elected secretary, and he
continues to fill the office. The office of the Society is at 12, Hanover Square,
London, W.
15.2 Conditions of Entry in Coates’s Herd Book

The rule for the entry of Shorthorns in Coatess Herd Book is as follows
No bull is eligible for insertion in the Herd Book unless it has

five crosses, and no cow unless it has four crosses of Shorthorn
blood which are, or which are eligible to be, inserted in the Herd
Book. If any cross is not registered, its pedigreeif eligible for
insertion together with the fee, must accompany the entry of the
animal it is required to complete.
15.3 Conditions of entry in other Shorthorn herd

books
For entry in the French Shorthorn Herd Book the last sire in the pedigree
must have been born in 1830, or before that year.
The United States and Canadian Shorthorn Associations require that in
order to be eligible for their Herd Books the pedigrees of imported animals
shall themselves trace and all their crosses to an animal that was either
entered, or was eligible for entry, in Volume 40 of Coatess Herd Book. Until
about two years ago they were required to similarly trace to Volume 20.
The Argentine Herd Book requires that the pedigrees of all imported
Shorthorns shall trace in an unbroken succession of named dams and reg-
istered sires to a named dam born in or before 1850. In the event of the
date of birth of the last named dam being unknown, it is then required that
her sire shall have been born in or before 1845. No break must occur in the
pedigree, such as an unregistered sire or an unnamed dam, or the Son of a
15.4. SHORTHORN CLUB 611
registered bull, when he himself has not been entered, unless a dam above
such break can be proved to have been born in or before i 8 o.
15.4 Shorthorn Club

Another useful institution that owed its origin largely to Lord Dunmore
was the Shorthorn Dinner Club. This was commenced in 1871, and has
since given the opportunity annually for a pleasant re-union of Shorthorn
breeders, at which, while the feeling of good fellowship has been kept up,
many subjects of interest have been quietly discussed. The Club, which is a
private one, was originally supported mainly by owners of the Bates strains,
but gradually it became wider, and has included leading men of all sections
interested in the breed.
15.5 Shorthorn literature - authors and writers

No breed of live stock has received greater attention from authors and writers
than the Shorthorn. Among the early writers was George Culley, the author
of Observations on Live Stock, published in 1794, and from which extracts
have been made in a former chapter of this book. Then there was John
Bailey, the Durham historian, who gave one of the first accounts of the
breed; the Rev. Henry Berry, who contributed the article on Shorthorns
to Youatts book on Cattle; Mr. Win. Robertson, of Ladykirk, who wrote
a short historical sketch of the breed; Major Rudd and Mr. Curwen, who
described the early cattle; Professor David Low, who devoted a section to
the breed in his book on The Domesticated Animals of the British Islands;
Mr. John Hutchinson, of Sockburn, whose amusing pamphlet (1822) has
already been mentioned; Mr. Christopher Mason, of Chulton, who was the
writer of an able essay addressed to Sir John Sinclair; and Mr. Thomas
Bates, who wrote a good deal.
Coming to more recent times, reference may first be made from the his-
torical standpoint to Mr. John Thornton, who, in 1868, commenced the
publication of Thorntons Circular: a Record of Shorthorn Transactions. In
the early numbers of that valuable work, of which nineteen volumes have
been published, there are three articles, entitled Ancient Shorthorns, Ketton
Shorthorns, and Barmpton Shorthorns (volume I.), which throw much light
on the early period of Shorthorn history. Mr. Thornton knew many of the
older breeders, and he was able to elicit information from them before they
passed away, thus preserving their recollections, which otherwise would have
been lost. In a later volume (the ninth, 18845) there is another notewor-
thy essay, entitled Recollections of Chilton, which throws much light on the
work of Mr. Christopher Mason, while the account of Mr. Thorntons visit
to prominent American herds had much to do in promoting the business re-
lations between breeders in this country and the United States and Canada.
The Circular further contains biographical sketches of a number of the great
breeders, besides short descriptions of numerous herds, records of sales, lists
of births, exports, etc. Mr. Thorntons prefaces to catalogues of sales con-
ducted by him form terse histories of the various herds. His writings have
been frequently consulted and used in the preparation of this book.
Mr. H. H. Dixon (“The Druid”), by his charming essays, did a great deal
to attract attention to the breeding of Shorthorns. These papers were col-
lected together and published in volumes which rank as classics in farming
lore. No more fascinating books on live stock exist than Saddle and Sirloin
and Field and Fern, by the Druid, and large parts of these works consist of
picturesque accounts of famous herds of Shorthorns. Mr. Dixon was also
the author of a prize essay on Shorthorns contributed to the Journal of the
Royal Agricultural Society of England. Shorthorn breeding ewes a great deal
to the Druid, whose memory is kept fresh, not only by his own books, but
also by the excellent biography written by the Hon. Francis Lawley (under
the title The Life and Times of the Druid ), issued by Messrs. Vinton and
Co., London, who also publish the Druid Sporting Library, consisting of five
of Mr. Dixons attractively written volumes and the memoir just referred to.
The Rev. John Storer, of Hellidon, near Daventry, was a great stu-
dent of the early origin of the bovine race, and wrote The History of Wild
White Cattle, in which he dealt fully with that interesting variety, which
still exists in England, the best-known herd being that owned by the Earl of
Tankerville, of Chillingham Castle, Northumberland. Sir Edwin Landseer
executed some admirable paintings of these cattle. Mr. Storer was engaged
in writing a history of Shorthorns, but this work was unfortunately stopped
by his lamented death. His knowledge of pedigree was great, indeed exhaus-
tive, and he was personally acquainted with most of the leading Short- horn
men of his time. He was also a breeder of high repute, and cultivated the
Booth and Knightley strains with much success. He owned some beauti-
ful animals of the old Anna tribe of Studley, as well as many of Killerby
blood, descendants of Mr. John Booths cows. Sir Charles Knightley was a
neighbour of Mr. Storer, Fawsley Park being situate not far from Hellidon.
They were on intimate terms, and Mr. Storer admired Sir Charles and was
a staunch supporter of his blood. Mr. Storer was not at all bigoted, as so
many were, with respect to rival strains.
Mr. William Carr, who lived for many years at Stackhouse, near Settle,
in Yorkshire, was an important writer on Short- horns, and owned a valuable
herd, among which were several members of the Booth Bliss tribe, some of
which he sold at 500 gs. Mr. Carr wrote a great deal, but his greatest
literary performance was The History of the Killerby, Studley, and Warlaby
Shorthorns, one of the most fascinating books of the kind that was ever
penned. In this volume Mr. Carr described many of the beautiful cows
at Warlaby in language which breathed poetry; indeed, he even brought
15.5. SHORTHORN LITERATURE - AUTHORS AND WRITERS 613
poetry itself to the aid of his elegant prose in picturing the celebrated cows,
the Warlaby Queens. This delightful history was sufficient to confer on the
author a high reputation as a writer, and it was of course very materially
beneficial to the interests of the Booth party, to which Mr. Carr belonged.
There is much useful information in the book entited The History of
Improved Shorthorns, or Durham Cattle, and of the Kirklevington Herd,
from the notes of the late Mr. Thomas Bates, by Mr. Thomas Bell, of
Brockton House, Eccleshall, Staffordshire. This was published in 1871 by
Mr. Robert Redpath, Newcastle-on-Tyne. The book was based largely on
Mr. Batess notes and comments, and contains valuable observations on the
care of Shorthorns and on the great breeders practice, together with some
contentious matter. Students of the breed have certainly derived a good
deal of help from Mr. T. Bells History.
In 1897, a far more elaborate book on the subject, from the pen of Mr.
Cadwallader John Bates, entitled, Thomas Bates ind the Kirklevington
Shorthorns: A Contribution to the History of Pure Durham Cattle, was
issued. This was also published by Mr. Robert Redpath, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, and Mr. Bates, who was a great-nephew of the famous Kirk- levington
breeder, and a very talented historian, was able to make it one of the most
interesting books that has ever been written on the subject, many facts
having been published in it for the first time. As a biography of Thomas
Bates, the book must always occupy a leading position.
Mr. Spearman (“Dunelmensis”) wrote in the Farmers Magazine some
valuable papers on early Shorthorns.
Another gentleman who was an ardent supporter of Short- horns, and
whose erudition in their early history and pedigree was quite remarkable,
was the Rev. W. Holt Beever, of Pencraig Court. He was partial to Bates
blood, and wrote for the Press articles very able and very interesting relative
to many of the greatest herds of Bates cattle in the kingdom. His papers
on the Grand Duchesses were highly entertaining to all who felt an interest
in that celebrated creation of Mr. S. E. Bolden. He bred a good herd,
which included members of the Old Daisy tribe, whose splendid lineage he
brought prominently before the public. He, in fact, rescued them from the
unmerited obscurity into which they had fallen. He bestowed great labour
upon a historical volume entitled The Leading Shorthorn Tribes, dealing
with many of the most prominent Shorthorn tribes, and this book has proved
a valuable addition to the libraries of Shorthorn breeders.
It may be mentioned here that Shorthorns have gained much from the
work of clergymen who became interested in them. In addition to those
named were the Rev. Thomas Staniforth, of Storrs Hall, and the Rev.
Robert Bruce Kennard, of Marnhull Rectory, the breeder of Queen Mary,
will not be soon forgotten.
Mr. Robert Fletcher Housman, of Lune Bank, near Lancaster, was a man
of hi h accomplishment, and he, too, became fascinated with Shorthorns. He
devoted his energies to the study of pedigree, and soon laid the foundation
of a good herd. He owned two celebrated bulls, Duke of Bucking- ham and
Lord of the Harem, the latter being distinguished as a prize winner. He
was quite a master of the English language, and wrote a good deal upon
Shorthorns for the Press. His descriptions of herds which he visited were
most interesting, and his beautiful English was skilfully used in decorating
his writings.
His son, Mr. William Housman inherited his fathers powers and tastes;
he was very fond of Shorthorns, and took a deep interest in his fathers herd
during its existence. Form many years he wrote Shorthorn Intelligence in
Be/is Weekly Messenger, a column which he always made full of interest.
In this department he dealt not only with the news of the time, the events
of the period, but he entered very frequently into the scientific aspect of
various problems in breeding. His education and training, combined with
his ability and industry, rendered his conclusions of great and exceptional
value. For years he contributed regularly to the Live Stock Journal; all
his productions were remarkable for grace of diction, and they invariably
contained something of weight. Mr. Housman wrote a valuable paper on the
Management of a Shorthorn Herd, for the Journal of the Royal Agricultural
Society (Vol. XVI., third series, i886), and a treatise on the Improved
Shorthorn, published in 1876, by Win. Ridgway, London. He also wrote
the volume on Cattle in the series of Live Stock Handbooks published by
Messrs. Vinton and Co.
The Rev. George Gilbert, of Claxton, near Norwich, was another of the
gifted men who became admirers of Shorthorns and made their history and
breeding a study. He, too, wrote for the Press, and his productions were
distinguished for their educated diction and for the clear expression of his
opinions. The breed has never had a more learned or thorough student.
Gifted with a powerful intellect, Mr. Gilbert went deeply into the subject,
and, if he could have spared the time, he would have proved a most capable
historian of the Shorthorn, but most of his writings were fragmentary, and
have not been republished in collected form.
Colonel Sir Nigel Kingscote contributed an able paper on The Value of
Pedigree to the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society (Vol. III., third
series, 1892), in which he gave his experiences as a breeder of Shorthorns.
Among other breeders who have written practical and useful articles on
Shorthorns, mention should be made of Mr. Thomas Barnes, Mr. J. G.
Grove, Mr. J. W. Cruickshank, and Mr. Edward Cruickshank (formerly of
Lethenty); Mr. Richard Stratton) The Duifryn; the late Duke of Marlbor-
ough, Mr. C. Morgan Richardson, Mr. Willingham Fowler, and others.
Mr. Robert Bruce, formerly of Newton of Struthers, Moray- shire, and
Great Smeaton, Northallerton, and now Agricultural Superintendent of the
Royal Dublin Society, has written many excellent papers on Shorthorns,
several of which have appeared in the Transactions of the Highland and
15.5. SHORTHORN LITERATURE - AUTHORS AND WRITERS 615
Agricultural Society of Scotland, and the Journal of the Department of

Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland. He is also the author of
Fifty Years among Shorthorns, a valuable work recently published by Messrs.
Vinton and Co., in which he gives a full account of the Sittyton herd, and
descriptions of over 300 notable Shorthorn sires he has seen during the past
half century. Mr. Bruce contributes the chapter on Impressive Sires to this
volume. In his book on the Food Supply (Charles Griffin and Co., Ltd.), he
shows the influence of the Shorthorns.
Mr. Thomas Jamieson, LL.D., Mains of Waterton, Ellon, Aberdeenshire,
is the author of some valuable lectures on agriculture and live stock, which
were delivered by him at the University of Aberdeen, where for some years
he was lecturer on agriculture. One of these is The Principles of Breeding
Domestic Animals (1870). He is also the writer of several of the accounts of
Shorthorn herds in the north of Scotland (notably the elaborate description
of the Sittyton herd) which are given in this volume.
Mr. James Macdonald, Secretary of the Highland and Agricultural Soci-
ety, has written several papers on Shorthorns, the most noteworthy of which
is the article on Shorthorns in Scotland and Ireland, which appeared in the
Journal of the R.A.S.E. (1883). In his revised edition of Stephens Book of
the Farm, Shorthorns are fully and adequately discussed.
Mr. Alexander Ramsay, LL.D., Banff, is more familiarly known as the
editor of the Polled Herd Book, but he has also written a good deal about
Shorthorns, especially in his notices of the Sittyton, Keir, Eden, and other
herds, while he was one of the first to deal with agricultural shows in detail,
giving descriptions of the prize animals and their breeding. His History of
the Highland Society (1879) contains interesting facts bearing on the early
progress of Shorthorns in Scotland.
Mr. John Ewart, in 1875, wrote a small book, described as A Review
of the Progress of the Improvement and Value of Shorthorn Cattle during
the past century up to the present time. It was published by Mr. Redpath,
Newcastle, and contains lists of buyers at many of the leading sales, from
Ketton (i8io) to Gaddesby (1874), with comments on breeding and notes on
the herds.
Mr. John Downing, Ashfield, Fermoy, Ireland, wrote some interesting
notes on Shorthorn breeding, which appeared as prefaces to the catalogues
of his herd. He was a correspondent of the late Charles Darwin, and supplied
him with information on pedigree breeding which was utilised in his works.
A portion of the history of the breed in Ireland, and some of the notices of
old breeders given in this volume, were written by him.
Mr. William Scarth Dixon has reviewed many Shorthorn herds. In his
book, In the North Countree, he has several pleasant sketches of herds in
Yorkshire.
Mr. William Parlour, Croft, Darlington, has devoted painstaking at-
tention to the investigation of matters connected with the early history of
the breed, a summary of the results of his inquiries being given in the Trans-
actions of the Highland and Agricultural Society. He has also contributed
some very instructive notes to this work.
Mr. William Ashburner wrote an interesting volume of “Shorthorn Ex-
periences”.
Mr. R. W. Ashburner, Conishead Grange, Ulverston, is the author of a
book entitled The Shorthorn Herds of England (i88o), which gives detailed
descriptions of the animals in many leading herds as they existed in 1885-67.
This book has been found useful for checking the notices of recent herds.
Few men saw more of English Shorthorns than the late Mr. Joseph
Darby, who, for many years, wrote descriptions of herds for a number of the
weekly agricultural journals.
Mr. R. O. Pringle, Dublin, was a gifted writer and diligent student. In
his book on the Live Stock of the Farm he gives an account of the Shorthorn
breed.
Professor R. Wallace, Edinburgh, has a detailed chapter on Shorthorns
in his work on Farm Live Stock, and he is also the author of a pamphlet
describing one of the shows of the Argentine Rural Agticultural Society at
Palermo, Buenos Ayres, in which there is useful information about Short-
horn breeding in that part of the world.
The late Dr. W. Fream, in the revised edition of Youatts Complete
Grazier, devoted a section to Shorthorns, and also gave attention to the
subject when he was editor of the Journal of the R.A.S.E., arid official
reporter of its shows.
Mr. E. J. Powell, secretary of the Shorthorn Society, has completed a
History of the Smithfield Club, in which references to all the breeds exhibited
at the shows are given.
Among others who have from time to time written on Short- horns, and
thereby helped to maintain public interest in the breed in the United King-
dom, the following may also be mentioned the late Mr. William Macdonald,
Mr. D. Young, Mr. R. H. Rew, Mr. C. J. B. Macdonald, Mr. A. Mac-
neilage, Mr. Jonas M. Webb, Mr. Frank P. Matthews, Mr. George Hendry,
Mr. William Barclay, Jun., Professor J. Prince Sheldon, Mr. J. S. Mac-
donald, Mr. W. A. Fraser, Mr. James Cameron, Mr. J. H. D. Beales,
Mr. James R. Barclay (who has assisted in describing the recent progress of
Shorthorns in Scotland in this volume), Mr. A. T. Matthews, Mr. E. G. F.
Walker, Mr. A. W. Stanton, the late Dr. Black, Professor Wrightson, Mr.
A. S. Grant, Mr. James Long, Mr. W. Mackay, Miss Bruce, Heatherwick,
Mr. J. R. Robinson, the late Mr. John Thomson, etc.
Mr. Gilbert H. Elliot has published a coloured diagram showing the
systems of line breeding carried out by Bates, Booth, and Cruickshank, the
sires selected for illustration being Duke of York 4th 10,167, Mountain Chief
20,363, and Gondo- mar 55,821.
In America, Mr. Lewis F. Allen, for many years editor of the American
15.6. SOME ARTISTS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS 617
Shorthorn Herd Book, wrote a very good volume on Shorthorns, published

in 1872. This gave an elaborate account of the breed, and it is still very
useful for reference. His brother, Hon. A. B. Allen, was also a frequent
writer on Shorthorns.
Mr. William Warfield, Lexington, Kentucky, was also the author of
an account of the Shorthorn breed published by the American Shorthorn
Association, while his excellent book on Cattle Breeding is one of the best
on the subject that has ever appeared. Mr. Warfield contributed the greater
part of the chapter on the Breed in the United States and Canada.to this
volume.
Mr. Alvin H. Sanders, managing editor of the Breeders Gazette, Chicago,
is the author of Shorthorn Cattle: a Series of Historical Sketches, Memoirs
and Records of the Breed and its development in the United States and
Canada. This elaborate and brilliant work is full of interesting information,
attractively put together, Mr. Sanders being one of the most fascinating
writers on live stock.
Other prominent American and Canadian writers who have dealt with
Shorthorns have included Mr. G. W. Rush, Mr. J.H. Sanders, Hon. T. C.
Jones, Mr. John Clay, Hon. John Dryden, Mr. W. R. Goodwin, Jun., Mr.
Joseph Wing, Mr. Richard Gibson, Mr. Thomas Shaw, Professor J. W.
Kennedy, Mr. F. W. Bicknell, Mr. F. D. Coburn, etc.
In France, the historians of the breed have been the late M. L. Grollier
(who wrote the account of Shorthorns in that country given in this History),
and the Marquis de Chauvelin, who is the author of La Race Shorthorn dite
Durham (i 892).
Mr. George A. Brown ( Bruni ), author of Studies in Stock Breeding, is
an able Australian writer on live stock, and is the author of the review of
Shorthorns in that colon given elsewhere in this volume.
In South America, Messrs. Adolfo Bullrich and Co., Buenos Ayres, have
commenced the publication of a record of transactions in Shorthorns, fol-
lowing to some extent the pattern of Thorntons Circular.
15.6 Some artists and photographers

From literature to art is an easy transition, and the Short- horn has always
been a favourite subject with painters and artists. It has been mentioned
that Sir Edward Blackett, of Newby, near Ripon, prior to 1702, had a valu-
able herd of the breed, and that the entrance hall to the mansion was hung
round with portraits of his celebrated Shorthorns. The early breeders of the
improved type used pictures to advertise their stock, and though many of
these were of no great artistic merit they served the purpose of appealing
to the eye. With Garrard, Bewick, and others the case was different, and
good portraits of the stock as then existing were produced by them. Later
Mr. T. Weaver seems to have drawn many pictures of Shorthorns, and Mr.
Straffords connection with the breed originated as an artist. Mr. A. M.
Gauci also sketched for Coatess Herd Book. Mr. A. M. Williams was a
talented artist, and his portfolio, Etchings of Celebrated Shorthorns, pub-.
lished in i88i, contains some fine illustrations. Mr. F. Babbage followed, one
of the best of modern wood engravers for animal portraiture. Then about
i886 photography was improved, and the system of half-tone process blocks
enabled newspapers to print from these. Mr. C. Reid, Wishaw, devoted
much attention to animal photography with success, and Mr. Babbage has
also taken many hundreds of good photographs. In this volume some re-
productions of the old drawings and also of photographs are given, and
we have been assisted with both by M r. Babbage. Mr. G. H. Parsons has
issued a book entitled Notable Modern Shorthorns, containing portraits of
a number of well-known specimens.
15.6. SOME ARTISTS AND PHOTOGRAPHERS 619
Presidents Vice-Presidents
1875-6 Devonshire, Duke of Penrhyn, Lord
1876-7 Pearhyn, Lord Skelmersdale, Lord
1877-8 Skelmersdale, Lord Dunmore, Earl of
1878-9 Dunmore, Earl of Booth, T. C.,
Kingscote, Colonel, C.B.
1879-80 Kingscote, Colonel, C. B. Manchester, Duke of
1880-1 Manchester, Duke of Bective, Earl of
1881-2 Bective, Earl of Chandos-Pole-Gell, H.
1882-3 Chandos-Pole-GelI, H. Feversham, Earl of
1883-4 Feversham, Earl of Beauford, H. W.
1884-5 Beauford, H. W. Moreton Lord
1885-6 Moreton, Lord Foljambe, F. J. Savile
1886-7 Foijambe, F. J. Savile Staniforth, Rev. Thomas
1887-8 Mitchell, Andrew Gunter Colonel, M.P.
1888-9 Gunter, Colonel, M.P. Talbot-Crosbie, XV. T.
1889-90 Talbot-Crosbie, W. T. Richmond and Gordon,
Duke of, K.G.
1890-1 Richmond and Gordon, Magniac, Charles,
Duke of, K.G. Sheldon, H. J.
1891-2 Sheldon, H. J. Wilson, Sir Jacob
1892-3 Wilson, Sir Jacob Mills, Philo L.
1893-4 Mills, Philo L. Ackers, B. St. John
1894-5 Ackers, B. St. John Stratton, Richard
1895-6 Stratton, Richard Brougham and Vaux, Lord
1896-7 Brougham and Vaux, Lord Ashworth, Alfred,
Booth, W. C.
1897-8 Booth, W. C. Deais-de-Vitr , H.
1898-9 Denis-de-Vitr , H. Rathdonnell, Lord
1899-1900 Rathdonnell, Lord Leney, Herbert
1900-1 Leney, Herbert Hutton, Colonel G. M., C.B.
1901-2 Kingscote, Col. Sir Nigel, Caveadish, Victor C. W.,
G.C.V.O. K.C.B. M.P.
1902-3 Caveadish, Victor C. W., Baring, Viscount
M.P.
1903-4 Baring, Viscount Mosley, Sir Oswald, Bart.
1904-5 Mosley, Sir Oswald, Bart. Stanyforth, E. W.
1905-6 Stanyforth, E. W. Moreton, Lord
1906-7 Moreton, Lord Middleton, Lord
1907-8 Middleton, Lord Harris, Joseph
Table 15.1: Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Shorthorn Society

Chapter 16
The breed in the show-yard
From the earliest times Shorthorn breeders have been keen supporters of
shows. When the Agricultural Society for the County of Durham, which or-
ganised one of the earliest shows of breeding stock in the world, was founded
in 1783, Mr. Robert Colling foresaw as the result of its influence a great
demand for the best Shorthorns. His forecast proved true; and whilst he and
his brother Charles were the most prominent breeders of the new era, which
Mr. Thomas Bell, in his account of the early Shorthorns, declared to have
been created by the formation of that Society, the importance of the So-
ciety must not be forgotten by the student of Shorthorn history. Several of
the Shorthorn sires, whose names we know most familiarly from their places
at the root of the breed, were winners, and by their successes were brought
into notice in their day at the shows held before the close of the eighteenth
century. Mr. Bells book records a few particulars of the first fourteen years,
and there are also notes on the subject, with list of prizes, in the Sockburn
Shorthorns, by Mr. John Hutchinson. The first year of exhibition was 1784,
and the show was divided between Durham and Darlington, a show of bulls
being held at Durham in March, and of cows at Darlington in September.
The premiums offered were 5 gs. for the best bull, 3 gs. for the second best;
3 gs. for the best breeding cow in milk, the amount of the second prize not
being stated. The name of Charles Colling as the exhibitor of winners occurs
in seven of the fourteen years to 1797 inclusive, but the names of only four
of the winning animals are mentioned. The father of the brothers Colling,
Mr. Charles Colling, of Ketton and Skerning- ham, was the owner of the
first-prize cow at the first show held at Darlington, on September 30th, 1784.
His son Robeft, then farming at Barmpton, showed the best ram. We learn
from the pedigree of the Colling family, given by Mr. Thornton in the first
volume of the Circular and Record of Shorthorn Transactions (1869), that
the elder Mr. Coiling died in the year 1785. In that year his son Charles
obtained the premium for the best bull, afterwards named Hubback. In
1792 Mr. Charles Colling won the premium for the best bull, Lord Boling-
621
622 CHAPTER 16. THE BREED IN THE SHOW-YARD
broke, better known as Bolingbro ke, and the premium for the best cow with
Phcenix. Those two prize winners were the sire and dam of Favourite 252.
In 1796, Favourite himself was the first-prize bull. Mr. C. Coiling won the
prize in 1790 for a bull whose name is not stated, and the last prize won by
either of the Collings was the second in 1797 for Mr. Chas. Coilings bull.
The first prize was won by a bull exhibited by Mr. Hutton, of Sledwick.
Neither of the Coilings exhibited again. Mr. Robert Coilings prizes for his
Shorthorns were in 1788 for the best bull; 1789, best cow; 1790, the best
heifer; 1791, the best cow; and in 1787 one of Mr. Robert Coilings bulls, not
named, was placed second to a bull shown by Mr. Thomas Hutchinson, also
without the record of name. The names of Messrs. Christopher Mason, of
Chilton; Christopher Hill, of Biackwell; Joseph Robinson, of West Brandon;
Francis Walker, of Bradbury; John Burrell, of Mordon; and George Coates,
of Haughton, the original editor of the Herd Book, appear in the list of the
most successful exhibitors.
There was evidently considerable dissatisfaction as to the adjudications
at some of the early shows of the Durham Agricultural Society, and defec-
tions resulted. Still fully convinced of the benefits of the exhibition system,
Charles Colling and Robert Colling adopted another method of calling pub-
lic attention to the merits of fattened specimens from their herds, and so the
Durham Ox and the White Heifer that Travelled were exhibited throughout
the country, and doubtless helped to spread the fame of the herd.
At the shows of the Smithfield Club (commenced in 1798), the Highland
and Agricultural Society (1822), the Bath and West of England Society,
the Royal Dublin Society, and the Royal Agricultural Society of England,
Shorthorns have always taken a prominent position, and no company of
breeders have given such loyal and long-sustained support to the exhibition
system as those of this variety, who have all along appreciated the advantages
which would result to the breed from its adequate display at the shows. Of
course it would be difficult for any breeder to continuously exhibit stock
for a long series of years, but it is wonderful in many cases to notice how
frequently a herd has been able over a considerable period to send out for
exhibition with success high-class specimens. It often happens that, unless
a herd, either directly or through the sires bred in it and used elsewhere,
can occasionally make itself visible in the show prize lists, its position is
not easily maintained, though of course there are many instances in which
the victories of the show-yard have not been necessary to keep up a high
reputation once it has been acquired. The prize lists of the breeding stock
shows and those for fat stock are carefully examined both at home and
abroad, and a series of successes achieved by any herd very quickly brings
inquiries concerning it.
Not only in the United Kingdom, but in the United States, Canada,
Argentina, Australasia, France, etc., Shorthorn breeders have always been
freely represented at the shows. In recent years new classes have been insti-
623
tuted for pedigree dairy cows to be judged for their milking properties, and
it is probable that in the future these will increase in importance.
It may be mentioned that a return of special prizes offered at the Smith-
field Club Shows and gained by animals of different breeds in inter-breed
competitions during the existence of the Club is shown in table 16.1 In ad-
Won by Shorthorns 89
Won by Aberdeen-Angus 24
Won by Herefords 34
Won by Devons 14
Won by Cross-breds 23
Table 16.1: Prizes won by different breeds at the Smithfield Club Shows
dition to the prizes won by the Shorthorns the breed as a rule contributed
a good share of the blood of the successful cross-bred animals.
It is not intended here to make any attempt to record in detail or even
to summarise the results of the innumerable shows that are held throughout
the country, but a list has been compiled from various sources of the first-
prize bulls and cows at the Royal Agricultural Society of England, and this
presents at a glance the winners from 1839 to 1907. In later years the animals
mentioned are those that won the champion prizes offered by the Shorthorn
Society. This list, which has been continued and completed from an earlier
publication, written, it is believed, either by Mr. R. F. Housman or by his
son Mr. Win. Housman, will prove useful for reference, as it brings out
very clearly the strains and herds that at various periods have occupied the
leading position at the great British Show of the year, extending over the
long period of its existence. As elsewhere, notes on animals of recent times
are shortened, because references to these can be more easily found.
First prize and champion winners at the Royal Agri-

cultural Society’s Shows, 1839-1907
Oxford, 1839
Duke of Northumberland 1940, bred by and the property of Mr. T.
Bates.
Oxford Premium Cow (Herd Book, Vol. V., page 547), bred by and the
property of Mr. T. Bates.
Duke of Northumberland was the result of a combination of R. Coilings

Princess and C. Collings Duchess blood in the proportion of three-fourths
of the former and one-fourth of the latter. Down to the time when the two
strains became united in the person of his dam Duchess 34th, in-breeding
to a considerable extent in each family had perhaps not only preserved the
original type, but also multiplied hereditary power. Mr. Bates bred in-
and-in the descendants of C.Collings Duchess 1st, and Mr. Stephenson those
of R. Collings Princess, although in both cases with the addition of a little
fresh blood. At length Duchess 29th and the Princess bull Belvedere 1706
were brought together, and the offspring of this alliance, Duchess 34th, bred
the illustrious bull at present under notice.
Oxford Premium Cow by Duke of Cleveland 1937 (a son of Duchess 26th
and Mr. Whitakers Bertram), was out of Matchem cow by Matchem 2281,
grand dam by Young Wynyard 2859. Beyond this the Herd Book gives no
information concerning her pedigree in the female line. We may, however,
assume, considering her character and the achievements of herself and her
collateral kindred and posterity, that the earlier maternal ancestors were
purely bred animals of no mean order. It may not, perhaps, be unnecessary
to observe here that not Oxford Premium Cow, but her half- sister Oxford
2nd by Short Tail 2621, was the animal from which the present Oxfords are
descended.
Cambridge, 1840
Hero 4021, exhibited by Mr. Paul, Pentney; bred by Mr. Topham, West
Keal.
Red Rose 13th (afterwards Cambridge Premium Rose), (Herd Book, Vol.
V., page 87; Vols. II. and III., Cows, page 639), bred by and the
property of Mr. T. Bates.
Hero has only four crosses, the earliest Mr. Champions Cossack 925,
nobly bred; the second, an unknown son of Coilings Major 398; and the two
last as good as they can be, Raines Young Rockingham 2549, and Croftons
Eclipse 1949.
Cambridge Premium Rose , from which Mr. Bates raised his Cambridge
Rose family, belonged to a tribe descended from R. Coilings cow known as
the American Cow, the dam of Pilot 496, with whose blood the Warlaby
herd is so strongly impregnated.
Liverpool, 1841
Cleveland Lad 3407, bred by and the property of Mr. T. Bates.
Bracelet (Herd Book, Vol. V., page 71), bred by and the property of Mr.
John Booth, of Killerby.
Cleveland Lad was by Short Tail 2621, a Belvedere and Duchess bull,
and out of Matchem COW, the ancestress of the Oxfords. Young Wynyard
625
2859, the grandsire of Matchem Cow, was a son of R. Collings Princess, and
therefore through Cleveland Lad, his brother, Second Cleveland Lad, and
the Dukes of Oxford, the present Duchess and other Kirklevington families,
have received an infusion of Princess blood, in addition to the amount of
it which Belvedere brought into Mr. Bates herd. Cleveland Lad, as well
as Oxford Premium Cow, inherits the Chilton blood through Matchem. A
searching examination of the various lines composing the ancestry of
Bracelet , one of the most admirable cows, reveals in close relationship
to her the names of some of the noblest specimens of the Killerby, Warlaby,
and Studley Shorthorns. Through her sire and dams sire, Priam and Argus,
she is descended from Isabella and Anna by Pilot, and from the Strawberry
and Halnaby race, possessing besides more remotely in the line direct, the
blood of animals which were selected from the best herds of their day, and
became the foundation stock of the Killerby families. Bracelet before visiting
Liverpool had given birth to Buckingham, to Colonel Cradocks Mussulman,
and afterwards produced Morning Star, Birthday, Pearl, and Hamlet.
Bristol, 1842
Sir Thomas Fairfax 5196, exhibited by Mr. Parkinson, Ley Fields, and
Mr. John Booth, of Cotham; bred by Mr. Whitaker, Burley. 2V
Necklace (Herd Book, Vol. V., page 529), bred by and the property of Mr.
John Booth, of Killerby.
It has been the lot of few bulls to win so many principal prizes as Sir
Thomas Fairfax . He may be said to have been the champion bull of his
day. An examination of the breeding discloses the secret of success. His
sire, Norfolk, bred by Mr. Whitaker, adopted by Mr. Bates as a cross for
the Duchesses, and used very extensively in the Farnley herd, combined the
blood of Mr. Bates 2nd Hubback with that of the Barmpton Nonpareil,
whose parents (own brother and sister), were both by the famous North
Star (own brother to Comet) and from Mr. R. Collings Young Sally. The
dam of Sir Thomas Fairfax was a descendant of the Charge, Booth, and
Colling strains, intermingled with some of those early Shorthorns of whose
antecedents the Herd Book tells us very little.
Necklace was twin sister of Bracelet, mentioned before.
Derby, 1843
Musician 4523, bred by Earl Spencer, exhibited by Mr. E. G. Barnard,
M.P., Gosfield Hall, Halstead.
Rosey (Herd Book, Vol. VII., page 532), bred by Mr. John Colling, White
House, the property of Mr. T. Crofton; Holywell.
Musician , a pure Wiseton bull, directly descended from the Chilton

cow No. 25 and her daughter Clarion, was by Warlock, a son of Fritz and
Eloquence by Mercury. His pedigree comprises the names of some of the
late Earl Spencers favourite animals.
Rosey was a great granddaughter of Mr. J. Collings Rachel by Frederick,
the three subsequent crosses being of the very best description. Her sire
Borderer, alias Mr. Smiths Premium Bull (bred by Mr. Smith, Shedlaw),
was descended from the stocks by Messrs. Robertson, of Lady- kirk, R.
Colling, and some of their well-known contemporaries. The. next bull was
Colonel Cradocks Gainford, and the one beyond Cupid, own brother to Rob
Roy 557, whose influence proved so very great and beneficial in the hands
of the Raines.
Southampton, 1844
Strelly 7560, bred by and the property of Mr. John Cooper, Thurgaton.
Birthday (Herd Book, Vol. VI., page 27 i), bred by and the property of
Mr. John Booth, of Killerby.
Strelly was a three-cross bull. The best that can be said of his breeding
is that his sire was vell bred, being by Masons Spectator 2688, out of a cow
by Childers 1824, with a remainder of sound old blood. These elements, if
not causes, are important conditions of Strellys success.
Birthday a daughter of the Liverpool Royal prize cow Bracelet, claims
descent through her sire, Lord Stanley, from Mr. R. Booths Lady Sarah, an
own sister to Isabella by Pilot. Lord Stanley was a grandson of Lady Sarah,
and his sire and dams sire were noble representatives of the Castle Howard
herd.
Shrewsbury, 1845
Cramer 6907, bred by Mr. Parkinson, Ley Fields; exhibited by Mr. J. B.
Stanhope, M.P., Revesby Abbey.
Lady Thorn (Herd Book, Vol. VI., page 429), bred by Mr. John Booth,
of Killerby; exhibited by Mr. J. B. Stan- hope, M.P.
Cramer , whose sire, Sir Thomas Fairfax, took first honours in 1842, and
whose maternal cousin, Belleville, won a similar degree in 1846, belongs to
a notoriously good and prize-taking family. The excellent qualities of his
dam, Cassandra (Herd Book, Vol. V., page 146), have been inherited by
numerous descendants in the female line direct, and have been transmitted
also to the posterity of her sonsClementi, Collard, and Cramer. The names
of these bulls will be found to occur in some of the best genealogies of that
day.
627
Lady Thorn was so nearly related in blood to Birthday, the winner at

Southampton in 1844, that the same observations will apply with very
little difference to both cows. The only difference in their breeding is in the
second cross, or dams sire, which, in the case of Birthday, was Priam and
in Lady Thorns Young Matchem, the well-known son of Mason s Matchem
and the Killerby cow Blush.
Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, 1846
Belleville 6778, bred by and the property of Mr. J. M. Hopper.
Hope (Herd Book, Vol. X., page 399), bred by and the property of Mr.
Richard Booth.
On his sire’s side Belleville is descended from the herds of Messrs. J. and
G. Wood, Kimblesworth and Whit- worth, and Mr. Crofton, of Holywell;
through his dam from those of Mr. Mason, of Chilton, and Mr. Shaftoe.
Bellevilles connection with Mr. Parkinsons Cassandra and Cressida fam-
ily has been already indicated in the remarks on Cramer. The classic
names composing HOPES pedigreeFaith, Farewell, Flora, Leonard, Rasp-
berry, Young Pilot, and Julius C esarrender needless any observations on
the superlative excellence of her blood. She was as grand a breeder as she
was grandly bred. The Royal prize cow Charity, the dam of Crown Prince,
was her daughter, and Hopewell and Harbinger were her sons.
Northampton, 1847
Captain Shaftoe 6833, bred by Mr. Lax, Ravensworth; exhibited by Mr.
Parkinson, of Ley Fields.
Cherry Blossom (Herd Book, Vol. IX., page 299), bred by and the prop-
erty of Mr. Richard Booth.
Captain Shaftoe , by the Ravensworth bull Mehemet Ali, and from a

Shaftoe and Mason cow, very closely allied to the dams of Cramer and
Belleville, received through his sire the fine blood of Colonel Cradock, Whitaker,
and Booth. The pedigree of
Cherry Blossom , like that of Hope, sets forth some of the noblest War-
laby names. She was by l3uckingham, and was own sister to Baron Warlaby.
York, 1848
Deception 7957 , bred by Mr. T. Game, Broadmoor; exhibited by R.
Keevil, Melksham.
Violet (Herd Book, Vol. VII., page 589), bred by Rev. Mr. Glaister, Kirby
Fleatham; exhibited by Mr. J. M. Hopper.
Deception was got by Elevator 6969, his dam by a bull called Raffler
7391. VIOLET was a two-cross cow; her sire, Forester 3825; dam, Mary by
Son of Fleatham 2028, and the granddam from the herd of Mr. Whitaker.
Norwich, 1849
Andrew 12,396, bred by the Duke of Buccleuch; exhibited by Mr. W.
Tod, Elphinstone Tower.
Charity (Herd Book, Vol. IX., page 295), bred by and the property of Mr.
R. Booth.
Andrew , white, calved June 10, 1845, by a son of Thorpe 2757, dam
White Rose by Studley 628, descended from a cow by Sirius 598.
Charity , the daughter of Hope, was by Buckingham. Charity became
one of the most renowned of the Warlaby cows, not merely on account of
her personal merits, which were of a high order, but by reason chiefly of
her relationship to Crown Prince, the bull, perhaps, of all others bred at
Warlaby which had most impressively stamped upon the Warlaby herd the
qualities that rendered it so remarkable. Charity was dam of four calves at
leastCrown Prince by Fitz Leonard, Comfort by Leonidas, Cheerful by Lord
George, and Sir Samuel by Crown Prince.
Exeter, 1850
Senator 8548, bred by the Earl of Carlisle; the property of Mr. H. Ambler.
Isabella Buckingham (Herd Book, Vol. IX., page 401), bred by Mr. R.
Booth.
Senator , roan, calved March 27, 1845, bred by the Earl of Carlisle; sire,
Lord Marlbro 7166; dam Sunrise by Burlington 3245.
Isabella Buckingham (the own sister of Vanguard, whose long-continued
usefulness and extraordinary value as a sire, of females especially, placed
him in a position of eminence, even among Warlaby bulls), and half-sister
by the dam to Fitz Leonard, the sire of Crown Prince, was the third of
Buckinghams daughters that gained the first prize in the cow class at a
Royal show. The dams of her sire and dam respectively were the Killerby
Bracelet and the Warlaby Isabella by Pilot.
Windsor, 1851
Earl of Scarborough 9064, bred by Mr. H. L. Maw, Tetley; the property
of Mr. Wetherell, Kirkbridge.
Plum Blossom (Herd Book, Vol., X. page 326), bred by and the property
of Mr. Richard Booth.
629
Earl of Scarborough was a son of Bates Roan Duke. His dams sire was
Sir Charles Tempests Saxe Coburg 5091. The name
Plum Blossom denotes the famous female line to which this cow belongs.
She was the fourth Bucking- ham cow to whom the highest first-class Royal
honours were awarded. But higher honours than any within the power of
the Royal Agricultural Society to give awaited this admirable specimen of
a fine bred Shorthorn, of the truest and oldest blood. Not three months
after the show she brought forth one of the most illustrious sires of mod-
ern timesWindsor, to whom the name was given in commemoration of his
dams triumph over all England; a bull who though not the sire of a very
numerous progeny, was the sire of none but animals of a superior class wher-
ever he went, and at Warlaby of animals that will bear comparison with his
celebrated dam. Plum Blossom, like most cows prepared for exhibition at
the leading shows,was but moderatelyprolific. Prior to the birth of Wind-
sor, she produced one calf, Peach Blossom by Water King 11,024, and after
him, with an interval extending nearly over three years, the betautiful white
heifer Own Sister to Windsor.
Lewes, 1852
Phoenix 10,608, bred by and the property of Mr. T. Chrisp, Hawkhill,
near Alnwick.
Butterfly (Herd Book, Vol. II., page 354), bred by and the property of
Colonel Towneley.
The sire of Phoenix was by Belleville, and from a cow of Bellevilles blood.
His dam possessed immediately three consecutive crosses by Mr. Croftons
bulls Guy Faux, The Peer, and Bachelor, (inheritors of the finest blood)
preceded by Mr. T.Joblings Wellington, R. Collings Admiral and some of
the primitive Shorthorns.
Butterfly was a granddaughter of the celebrated cow Barmpton Rose,
whose pedigree, representing in the fore- ground the herds of the Wetherells,
the Collings, and Mason of Chilton, leads beyond up to the earliest Short-
horn records. Of Butterflys sire (the late John Booths Jeweller) we may
remark that he was bred from animals which were own brother and sister
in blood. His sire, Hamlet by Leonard, was a son of Bracelet, and his dam,
Jewel, also by Leonard, a daughter of Bracelets twin sister, Necklace. The
dam of Butterfly, Buttercup by Garrick, was out of the veritable Barmpton
Rose. Garrick, a well-bred bull, owed his existence to a combination of very
dissimilar materials, derived from numerous sources.
Gloucester, 1853
Pat 13,456, bred by and the property of Lord Berners, Keythorpe Hall.
Vellum (Herd Book, Vol. XI., page 733) bred by Sir Charles Tempest,
Broughton Hall, Skipworth; exhibited by Mr. H. Smith, The Grove,
Bingham, Notts.
Pat was a rich roan, bred by Lord Berners. Sire, Hassan 9193; dam,
Martha by Second Duke of Northumberland 3646, and was descended on
the dams side from Flora of Pitcorthie by North Star 458.
Vellum (whose portrait is given in Vol. XI.) was a roan calved in 1849,
got by Abraham Parker 9856; dam, Miss Valentine by Beggarman 3118,
tracing to a cow by Lame Bull 357.
Lincoln, 1854
Vatican 12,260, bred by Earl Ducie; exhibited by Messrs. W.Sanday,
Holme Pierrepont, and H. Smith, The Grove, Bingham.
Beauty (Herd Book, Vol. X., page 265) bred by Mr. Bannerman, Chorley;
the property of Colonel Towneley.
Vatican , a roan, calved April, i85 i, was by Usurer 9763; dam, Virginia
by Petrarch 7239, descended from the stock of Mr. Smith, Shedlaw.
Beauty , roan, calved 1847, by Victor 8739; dam, Mantle by Marcus
2262. Her portrait is given in Vol. X.
Carlisle, 1855
Windsor 14,013, bred by and the property of Mr. Richard Booth.
Bridesmaid (Herd Book, Vol. XI., page 348), bred by and the property of
Mr. Richard Booth.
Windsor , a son of the Royal first-prize cow Plum Blossom, was by

Crown Prince. Crown Prince was a son of the Royal first-prize cow Hope,
and sire of the Royal first- prize cows Nectarine Blossom, and Queen of the
Ocean. The sire of Crown Prince, Fitz Leonard, was from the dam of the
Royal first-prize cow Isabella Buckingham, and by Leonard, the sire of the
Royal first-prize cow Hope, just mentioned.
Bridesmaid’s sire, Harbinger, was a son of the Royal first-prize cow Hope,
and by Baron Warlaby, an own brother to the Royal first-prize cow Cherry
Blossom. The dam of Bridesmaid, Bianca by Leonard, bred also Bride Elect,
and the bulls Bridesman, British Prince, and Prince of Warlaby.
Chelmsford, 1856
Master Butterfly 13,311, bred and exhibited by Colonel Towneley.
631
Roan Duchess 2nd (Herd Book, Vol. X., page 578), bred and exhibited
by Colonel Towneley.
Master Butterfly was doubly descended, once through each of his par-
ents, from Barmpton Rose. His sire, Frederick, was by Laxs Duke, of Colonel
Cradocks Cherry tribe, and from Barmpton Roses daughter, Bessy by Thick
Hock, a bull of Colling and Mason extraction. For the female line of Mas-
ter Butterflys pedigree refer to his dam, first-prize cow at Lewes. Master
Butterfly was sold shortly after his victory at Chelmsford to an Australian
breeder for the sum of 1200 gs.
Roan Duchess 2nd , a daughter of Frederick and of Roan Duchess by
Whittington, has a very interesting pedigree. It shows a line of dams four-
teen in number, extending over a period of about seventy years, and pro-
ceeding from the excellent Sock- burn Shorthorns. The sires of these fe-
males were, without a single exception, bulls of the choicest blood. The
first of them, Whittington, the grandsire of Roan Duchess 2nd, was by a
bull of the Medora family, and his dam was descended from the strains
of George Coates and Sir G. Strickland, with some splendid intermediate
crosses. Then come, in the following order: Bates Second Cleveland Lad,
and Duke of Northum- berland, Norfolk, Belvedere, Belvedere again, R.
Collings Lancaster, C. Collings Petrarch and Major, and besides these five,
nam.es having little or no record of breeding attached to them as the animals
they represented lived at a time when the family histories of our catti were
but negligently attended to.
Salisbury, 1857
John O’Groat 13,090, bred by Mr. F. H. Fawkes, Farnley Hall; the prop-
erty of Mr. Stirling, of Keir.
Victoria (Herd Book, Vol. XII., page 644), bred by and the property of
Colonel Towneley.
John O’Groat (red, calved January, 1854, by Bride- groom I 1,203, dam
Juliette by Captain Edwards 8929) was purchased by Mr. Stirling, in 1855,
after he had stood second to Master Butterfly as a yearling at the Royal Show
at Carlisle, in 1853. He was first both at Salisbury and at the Highland
Societys Show, at Glasgow, in 1857, and in returning home he became a
victim to pleuro-pneumonia. He was described as one of the best bulls of
the breed ever exhibited, having quite as fine quality as Master Butterfly,
and more symmetrical proportions.
Victoria , red roan, calved 1853; sire, Valiant 1O,987 dam, Jenny Lind
by Ben 888i. Her portrait was given in Vol. XII.
Chester, 1858
Fifth Duke of Oxford 12,762, bred by Earl Ducie; the property of the
Earl of Feversham.
Nectarine Blossom (Herd Book, Vol. XII., page 521), bred by and the
property of Mr. Richard Booth.
Fifth Duke of Oxford , red, calved March, 1853; sire, Duke of Gloucester
11,382; dam, Oxford I ith by Fourth Duke of York 10,167. He was bought as
a calf at Tortworth for 300 gs. He had immense size, and was a handsome,
stylish bull, with grand head and breast, and splendid quality. He was also
the sire of good stock.
Nectarine Blossom out of Hawthorn Blossom (a half sister of Cherry
Blossom). Hawthorn Blossom produced Plum Blossom and Bloom. Nec-
tarine Blossom was described as a broad, roomy, and altogether most hand-
some cow.
Warwick, 1859
Radford 15,122, bred by Mr. Lythall, Radford; the property of Mr. J. H.
Bradburne, Lichfield.
Matchless 4th (Herd Book, Vol. XIV., page 586; see Matchless 6th), bred
by and the property of Mr. R. Stratton, Broad Hinton, Wilts.
Radford is connected through his sires dam with the Sylph or Charmer
family, in which it has was said that there was as much of the pure blood
of Favourite 252 as could be found in any then existing tribe of Shorthorns.
He showed good symmetry, with rare back and capital thighs, but he rather
lacked style, and his colour did not satisfy.
Matchless 4th by Waterloo i 1,025; dam, Matchless 2nd by The Red Duke
8694; great granddam, Moss Rose by Phcenix 6290. This was a capital roan,
with a good head, wonderful chest and brisket and excellent forehand, while
she was beautifully fleshed, and very symmetrical. One critic described her
as being as fine a cow as ever entered a show- yard.
Canterbury, 1860
Royal Butterfly 16,862, bred by and the property of Colonel Towneley.
Rosette (Herd Book, Vol. XIV., page 683), bred by Mr. Wetherell, the
property of Mr. Eastwood.
Royal Butterfly and Master Butterfly were own brothers. The former
was described in a contemporary report as follows: Never has so good a
633
looking young bull continued to improve so much. He is now nearly perfect,

with really a line of beauty running along him, a splendid forehand, a great
girth and size, and true symmetry; he unites in the highest degree the yet
more innate advantages of quality and pedigree. He has a grand massive
head, kindly in expression, but still with all the attributes of a male animal,
while his condition was admirable. The very fastidious might say that he
did not finish quite even over the quarter, but there has rarely been a bull
over which the critic could find less legitimate cause of complaint .than with
Royal Butterfly.
Rosette , got by Earl of Derby 12,810, a bull referred to as one of the
most symmetrical of his day. She looked like a milker, and had fined in
appearance, being clean, handsome, big, and lively looking.
Leeds, 1861
Skyrocket 15,306, bred by and the property of the Earl of Feversham,
Duncombe Park.
Duchess 77th (Herd Book, Vol. XIV., page 430), bred and owned by
Colonel Gunter.
Skyrocket was by Fifth Duke of Oxford 12,762; first at the Royal, at

Chester, in 1858. His dam was Swift by Diamond 11,357. He had rare
quarters and back, great depth in front, and in size quite overshadowed
his nearest rival, the handsome short-legged Royal Turk. In connection
with Skyrocket, Mr. H. W. B. Berwick mentions, as a somewhat curious
circumstance that he had something to do with the highest and one of the
lowest-priced bulls. His father was agent to the late Lord Feversham, and he
remembers one of the tenants coming into the office with a bull-calf in a sack,
the young animal having been purchased from the Duncombe Park herd for
30s. This was Skyrocket, and he developed so well that he was bought
back and shown by Lord Feversham with the result described. The highest-
priced bull was Duke of Connaught, sold for 4500 gs., at the Dunmore sale,
in 1875, when Mr. Berwick was connected with the the management of the
celebrated herd there.
Duchess 77th by Sixth Duke of Oxford, and out of Duchess 70th, both
by Duke of Gloster, and their dams by Fourth Duke of York. Sixth Duke of
Oxford was own brother to Lord Fevershams Fifth Duke of Oxford. Duchess
77th was remarkable for breadth and depth of loin, and she girthed 7 feet 8
ins. She was first, second, and first at successive Royal shows.
Battersea, 1862
FIRST-PRIZE AGED BULL AND COW
Lord Adoiphus 18,208, bred by and the property of Mr. Wood, Stanwick
Park.
Queen of the Ocean (Herd Book, Vol. XV., page 678), bred by and the
property of Mr. Richard Booth.
The first-prize aged bull was Lord Adolphus , white calved March, 1859;
sire, Cardigan 12,556; dam, Lady Anna bella by Whittington 12,299. Mr.
Richard Booths magnificent cow, the red-and-white
Queen of the Ocean (Vol. XV., page 678) by Crown Prince from Red
Rose by Harbinger, was the winner of the gold medal offered for the best
female Shorthorn. She was a sister of and bore a striking resemblance to,
Queen of the Vale.
CHAMPION PRIZES Two gold medals were offered at the Battersea
show for competition, one for the best male, the other for the best female.
The former was adjudged to Mr. Jonas Webbs white bull, aged 10 months
i8 days. First Fruits 19,751, bred by the exhibitor, sire English- man, dam
Welfare by Lord of the North, tracing to the old stock of the Marquis of
Exeter, through the herds of Mr. Pawlett and Mr. Adeane. The first
recorded dam of his line is Folly (Vol. II.), bred by the Marquis of Exeter
in 1823, sire Emperor, a celebrated Burghley bull in his day, combining the
blood of Mr. Champions Meteor (by Blyth Comet from a Turnell cow),
with the Colling blood in the herds of Mr. Wright, of Cleasby, and Colonel
Trotter, two of the four purchasers of Comet, at 1000 gs., in 1810, and
in the herd of Mr. Charles Colling himself directly through his Windsor,
from whom both Emperor and the dam of Folly were doubly descended.
Englishman combined the strains of Sir Charles Knightley, Earl Ducie, Mr.
Clones, of Kirtling, and Mr. Beauford, and through Celia traced to the
stock of Mr. George Coates and the old Milbank blood, one of the most
ancient strains of which we have any record. Lord of the North descended
by both parents from the famous cow Mr. Arbuthnots Sylphon the sires
side through the herd of Mr. John Adkins, of Milcote, and he had a strong
proportion of the Wiseton and Chilton strains through his dam, Belinda, a
Wiseton-bred cow by Earl Spencers Ranunculus.
Worcester, 1863
Duke of Tyne 17,751, the property of Mr. Jacob Wilson, Woodhorn
Manor, Morpeth; bred by Mr. Spraggon, Nafferton.
Pride of Southwick (Vol. XV., page 663), the property of Lady Pigot,
Branches Park, bred by Mr. M. S. Stewart, Southwick.
Duke of Tyne by Colonel Towneleys Co ur de Lion 13,590, described as

very grand and massive, heavier and deeper in the fore quarter than behind.
635
He was descended from the Farnley blood, and had excellent breast and fore
quarter and looked remarkably well when in the ring.
Pride of Southwick was a large, straight strawberry roan, very evenly
covered. She was by MacTurk 14,873; dam, Vanity by Heir-at-Law 13,005.
Newcastle-On-Tyne, 1864
Forth 17,866, bred by Mr. Stirling, of Keir (afterwards Sir Win. Stirling
Maxwell); exhibited by Mr. A. Cruickshank, Sittyton, Aberdeenshire.
Evelina 4th exhibited by Sir M. White Ridley.
Forth , roan, four and a half years old, by Florist 16,064; dam, Anna Rose
by John OGroat 13,090, stood first in the two-year-old class at Battersea.
In the interval he had grown wonderfully in mass and bulk, at the same time
that he had retained his perfect evenness and symmetry of form. One of
the shortest-legged animals in the yard, he undoubtedly carried the heaviest
body; wonderfully fine in front and bosom, of enormous width everywhere,
he was a perfect cylinder from the front for a long way backwards. He was
excessively fat, but thick, with firm good flesh all along the back and ribs,
and was enormous on the flank and bosom, but comparatively light behind.
Evelina 4th , a very large-framed animal of great width of back; unusually
good for a cow in thickness of twist and thigh, and very level and vide all
along and across her back.
Plymouth, 1865
Lord Chancellor 20,160, bred by Mr. Jonas Webb, exhibited by R. Sharpe,

Courtlands, East Grinstead, Sussex.
Corrinne (Vol. XVI., page 398), bred and exhibited by Mr. J. Wood,
Stanwick Park, Darlington.
Lord Chancellor (sire, Usurer 19,035; dam, Red Rose by Marmaduke

14,897; granddam, The Beauty by Puritan 9523) was a large-framed, high-
standing, long bull, with well sprung rib, deep hind quarters, and good
flank; rather deficient in front. CORRINNE by Prince Arthur I 3,497; sire,
Cardigan 12,556; dam, Carmine, a cow of wonderfully perfect form.
1866-67
Rinderpest years; no cattle exhibited.

Leicester, 1868
Commander-in-Chief 21,451, bred by the late Mr. R. Booth; exhibited
by Mr. T. C. Booth, Warlaby.
Lady Fragrant (Herd Book, Vol. XVII., page 568), bred by the late Mr.
R. Booth; exhibited by Mr. T. C. Booth, Warlaby. This was a great
Booth year.
Commander-in-Chief , roan, calved May, 1864, was by Valasco 15,443

from Camp- follower by Crown Prince, 10,087. Of Commander-in-Chief an
eminent authority (Mr. Wetherell) wrote: He was the best bull I have seen
since the days of Comet. He possessed great size and grandeur, and a very
noble appearance, but was slightly defective at the setting in of the tail.
Lady Fragrant , roan, calved February, 1863, was by Lord of the Valley
14,837; dam, Lady Blithe by Windsor 14,013.
Manchester, 1869
Earl of Derby 21,638, bred and exhibited by Mr. S. Wiley, Brandsby,
Yorks.
Lady Fragrant (Vol. XVII, page 568), bred by the late Mr. R. Booth;
exhibited by Mr. T. C. Booth, Warlaby.
Earl of Derby , roan, calved August, 1863; sire, Forerunner I2, 9L ;

dam, Blinkbonny by Grey Friar 9172. He was even in frame, with excellent
substance.
Lady Fragrant won at Leicester in i868. An offer of 2000 gs. was made
for her at the Oxford show next year.
Oxford, 1870
Bolivar 25,649, bred by Mr. J. Meadows, Thornville, co. Wexford; exhib-
ited by Mr. Chas. W. Brierley, Rhodes House, Middleton, Lancashire.
Lady Lavinia (Vol. XXI., page 597), bred and exhibited by Mr. George
Game, Church Heath, Chipping Norton.
Bolivar , roan, three years two months old; sire, Fiddle 19,749; dam,
Blossom 5th by Duke of Bedford 11,378. This bull won first prize at the
Royal for the third time: his perfect form and symmetrical proportions justly
entitling him to the foremost position.
Lady Lavinia , red and white, three years and five months old; sire, Duke
of Towneley 21,615 ; dam, Lady Lucy by Homer 16,277. She is described as
a heavy-fleshed and square-looking animal.
637
Wolverhampton, 1871
Edgar 19,680, bred by Mr. C. R. Saunders, Nunwick Hall, Penrith; ex-
hibited by Mr. Henry Thompson, Maiden Hill, Penrith, Cumberland.
Warriors Plume (Vol. XIX., page 774), bred by Mr. W. Torr, Aylesby
Manor, Grimsby; exhibited by Mr. James Beattie, Newbie House,
Annan.
Edgar , roan, eight years six months old; sire, Prince Patrick 18,633;
dam, Young Emma by MacTurk 14,872; a large-framed bull, excellent qual-
ity, great length, good hair, having a well-covered level back, plenty of sub-
stance; his legs true and well placed.
Warriors Plume , roan, five years five months old; sire, Breast Plate
19,337; dam, Warriors Pride by Dr. McHale I 5,887. Very sweet and femi-
nine, with lovely head and fine quarters, short legs and good quality of flesh,
but evidently overdone with excessive feeding and but recently calved.
Cardiff, 1872
Royal Windsor 29,890, bred by Mr. T. Willis, Carperby, Leyburn; ex-
hibited by Mr. John Outhwaite, Bainesse, Catterick.
Primrose (Vol. XX., page 697), bred by Mr. L. C. Chrisp, Hawkhill,

Ainwick; exhibited by Mr. A. H. Browne, Bank House, Acklington,
Northumberland.
Royal Windsor , white, three years five months; sire, Windsor Fitz Wind-
sor 25,458; dam, Royal Lily by Fitz Clarence 14,552; of good quality and
great substance, with a level and evenly covered back, capital loins, but not
quite so good below.
Primrose , red and white, three years seven months; sire, Prowler 22,662;
dam, Rose 2nd by Peak 24,733.
Hull, 1873
Telemachus 27,603, bred and exhibited by the Marquis of Exeter, Burgh-
ley Park, Stamford.
Vivandiere (Vol. XX., page 811), bred and exhibited by Mr. John Outh-
waite, Bainesse, Catterick.
Telemachus , roan, five years two months old; sire, Nestor 24,648; dam,
Louisa 9th by Prince Albert 18,579. The judges thought this bull too much
fed up, even for a show-yard. He proved, however, a most impressive sire,
and he was a short-legged, wide-framed bull, with deep quarters and good
quality.
Vivandiere , roan, five years three weeks old; sire, Brigade Major 21,312;
dam, Rosamond by Apollo 9899; granddam, Ruth by Albert 7767.
Bedford, 1874
Lord Irwin 29,123, bred by Mr. Linton, Sheriff Hutton; exhibited by
Robert Bruce, Newton of Struthers, Forres, N.B.
Vivandiere (Vol. XX., page 8i I), bred and exhibited by John Outhwaite,
Bainesse, Catterick.
Lord Irwin , white, five years and five months old; sire, British Hope
21,324; dam, Handmaid by May Day 20,383. The comment on him was
that his freshness considering his long career was quite wonderful. He had
great substance, was very thickly fleshed, with width of chest, broad back,
well- covered loins, and deep thighs.
Vivandiere , roan, won first prize in 1873.
Taunton, 1875
Duke of Aosta 28,356, bred by Mr. T. H. Hutchinson, Manor House,
Catterick; the property of Mr. A. H. Browne, Doxford, Chathill,
Northumberland.
Lady Playful (Vol. XXI., page 784), bred and exhibited by Mr. T. H.
Hutchinson, Manor House, Catterick.
Duke of Aosta , roan, four years and seven months old, by the Killerby
bull K.G.B., 26,492; dam, Queen of Spain by Valasco, I 5,443. He was a
thick, stylish bull, with good quality and nice hair. His sons, Rosario and
Pioneer were first in the two-year-old and yearling classes at the same show.
He was described as of a somewhat spotted roan, of wonderful substance
everywhere, with fine, firm flesh. His skin was rather thin but clothed with
plenty of hair, indeed, at four and a half years old such a covering was
uncommon. He had won everywhere and now had stud honours, in addition,
of the highest kind.
Lady Playful , sire, Merry Monarch 22,349; dam, Lady Sophia by Brigade
Major 21,312. She was a very beautiful cow, having firm loins, good chine,
and gay colour. Mr. Hutchinson, it will be seen, bred the first-prize bull
and bred and owned the first-prize cowa rare distinction.
Birmingham, 1876
Telemachus 6th 35,725, bred and exhibited by the Marquis of Exeter.
Queen Mary (Vol. XXV., page 525), bred and exhibited by Rev. R B.
Kennard, Marnhull Rectory, Blandford.
639
Telemachus 6th, calved December, 1872; sire, Telemachus 27,603; dam,

Sea Gull by Nestor 24,641, had had several years of success in the show yard.
He has been described as long and level in carcase, deep in girth and flank,
well covered on the quarters and his flesh was evenly laid on, but he did not
finish so well, so that there was rather a lack of style.
Queen Mary was by Grand Duke of Oxford 28,763; dam, Queen Anne
by Lord Stanley 2nd 26,745. This was the third year in succession that this
famous cow had stood first at the Royal. She was regarded as the finest
looking Shorthorn of her time. Her sire was not, as the name would lead
one to infer, descended direct from the Matchem Cow, but from the Duchess
Nancy cow, which, of Kirklevington selection at first, inherited at Towneley
Booth blood through Jasper and Rembrandt. Claros Rose was sire of Grand
Duke of Oxford, and this again supplied Bates properties. Queen Anne, the
dam of Queen Mary, was by a bull of the Bates Silence tribe, but having
through May Duke and other crosses a distinct addition of Bo,oth blood
too. The origin of Queen Mary was thus of good Shorthorn blood, but she
did not belong to any exclusive strain. A better animal in better form had
not been seen for years.
Liverpool, 1877 (Champions)

Sir Arthur Ingram 32,490, bred and exhibited by Mr. XV.Linton, Sher-
iff Hutton, Yorks.
Queen of the Georgians (Vol. XXII., page 288), bred and exhibited by
Mr. B. St. John Ackers, Prinknash Park, Gloucestershire.
Sir Arthur Ingram was a roan, calved 1872; sire, Sergeant Ma or 29,957;
dam, Fragrance by Mr. R. Booths Mountain Chief 20,383. Beyond this:
Mr. Cattleys Blood Royal (of mixed strains), Mr. A. Cruickshanks Magnus
Troil (a son of The Baron), the Hon. 0. Duncombes Bates (of mixed blood,
including that of Mr. Bates), Mr. Cruickshanks General Fairfax (a son of
Fairfax Royal), and sires representing the strains of Sir Charles Tempest,
Mr. Cattley, and Mr. Booth.
Queen of the Georgians was a roan cow, calved in 1872; sire, County
Member 28,268; dam, Georgies Queen by Brigade Major 21,312; Booth
blood of the Georgie tribe of Killerby.
Bristol, 1878 (Aged bull and cow)

Attractive Lord 32,968, exhibited by the Earl of Ellesmere, Worsley hall,
Manchester; bred by Mr. T. Pears, Hackthorne.
Rugia Niblett (Vol. XXIII., page 439), bred by Mr. George Game,
Churchill Heath; exhibited by Lord Fitz- hardinge, Berkeley Castle,
Gloucester.
Attractive Lord , sire, Knight of Killerby 28,999; dam, Attraction by

Robin 24,968; he had much improved with 2Z age, and was level and com-
pact, with plenty of substance, but he did not handle well.
Rugia Niblett by the Towneley-bred Royal Butterfly 20th 25,007, was a
very fine cow, with a great frame, capital -flesh, and a nice feminine head.
Kilburn, 1879 (Champions)

Telemachus 9th 35,727, bred and exhibited by the Marquis of Exeter.
Gainful (Vol. XXVII., page 458), bred and exhibited by Mr. T. H.

Telemachus 9th , roan, calved 1873, represents an old Burghley fam-

ily; sire, Telemachus 27,603 of Mr. Charges Louisa tribe, with Bates and
Gwynne blood in the nearer sires.
Gainful (sire, King Alfonso 36,832; dam, Grateful by M.C. 31,898), one
year and eight months old at the time of winning, represents the family of
Mr. Robert Emmerson s Garland and several leading Booth families. The
four nearest sires in her pedigree are all Booth bullsKing Alfonso 36,832,
M.C. 31,898, Knight of the Shire 26,552, and Vain Hope 23,102.
Carlisle, 1880 (Best aged bull and cow)

Duke of Howl John 33,674, bred by Messrs. Vickers, Howl John, Stan-
hope, Durham; exhibited by Mr. John Vickers Mown Meadows, Crook,
Durham (Champion).
Grateful (Vol. XXIV., page 514), bred and exhibited by Mr. T. H.

Duke of Howl John was got by White Duke 32,849, bred by Mr. Barnes,
Westland, of the old Killerby tribe of Mantalini, crossed with Warlaby bulls,
with Mr. S. E. Boldens Grand Duke 3rd, the sire of White Dukes dam. The
dam of Duke of Howl John, Belle Cceur de Lion, had the Towneley blood
through Messrs. Atkinsons herd at Peepy, and Booth blood, with a cross
from the stock of Mr. Thornton, Stapleton, in the more distant generations.
Grateful , roan, seven years and six months old, sire M.C. 31,898, dam
Gerty 3rd by Knight of the Shire 26,552. Since the preceding year she had
expanded enormously, and was one of the widest-framed cows ever seen.
Derby, 1881 (Champions)

Vice-Admiral 39,257, bred and exhibited by Mr. Thomas Willis, Carperby,
Bedale.
641
Gratia (Vol. XXIX., page 523), bred and exhibited by Mr. T. H. Hutchin-
son, Manor House, Catterick.
Vice-Admiral , a direct descendant of Mr. John Collings Rachel, whose

sire was Mr. Charges Frederick io6o, and dams sire Colonel Trotters Planet
502, was in recent generations rich in the Booth strains of blood, and
had that of Mr. Richard Booths Windsor strongly concentrated by consan-
guineous alliances, although not of the closest degree of relationship.
Gratia , calved October, 1878, sire Mr. J. B. Booths Pluto 35,050, dam
Gratification, by M.C. 31,898, granddam Gerty 3rd by Knight of the Shire.
The dam of Gratia was full sister to Grateful, already noticed as the winner
in 1880. She had grand front, finely covered crops, and admirable feminine
character, though she became rather uneven behind.
Reading, 1882 (Aged bull and cow) (No Champion prize)

Caractacus 42,879, bred by Mr. D. H. Mytton, Garth Hall, Welshpool,
exhibited by Mr. W. I. Palmer, Grazeley Court, Reading.
Gainful (Vol. XXVII., page 458), bred and exhibited by Mr. T. H.

Caractacus , roan, calved October, 1878, sire Constan- tine 2nd 33,439,
dam Joyce by Vespasian 32,759. This was a compact and heavy bull, whose
roan hide was attractive to the eye.
Gainful , champion at the International Show at Kilburn in 1879.
York, 1883 (Champions)

Self Esteem 2nd 48,675, bred by Sir W. C. Worsley, Bart., Hovingham,
and exhibited by Mr. John Rowley, West Bank House, Stubbs Walden,
Pontefract.
Lady Pamela (Vol. XXX., page 546), bred and exhibited by Mr. T. H.
Hutchinson, Catterick.
Self Esteem 2nd was descended directly from an old family that was in
the herd of Mr. Wiley, of Brandsby (the Trust and Confidence family). He
was a son of Sir W. C. Worsleys Hovingham 43,363, the Royal first prize bull
at Shrewsbury in 1884, when in Mr. Handleys possession, and previously
a winner, when exhibited by his breeder. Hovingham, a son of Sir Arthur
Ingram, was of Mr. W. Lintons strain of blood, drawn largely from Killerby
and Warlaby sires. The dam of Self Esteem 2nd also had Booth blood from
Sir W. C. Worsleys Sir Robin from Mr. Wileys Earl of Derby, ihe first prize
bull at the Royal at Manchester in 1869, a son of Mr. Spearmans Forerunner
by Mr. Booths Harbinger, and from Mr. R. S. Brueres Wizard of Windsor.
Lady Pamela , calved March 17, i88i, was almost wholly of Booth blood,
through her sire Mr. XV. Foxs British Knight 33,220. Her grandsire, Mr.
Hutchinsons Vehement 35,853, and great grandsire Mr. R. Booths Merry
Monarch 22,349, also through Mr. Outhwaites Champion 23,529, and Per-
fection 27,059, both sons of Baron Warlaby. She was one of the thickest-
fleshed heifers ever seen at her age, and was of the best type of beef producing
Shorthorns.
Shrewsbury, 1884 (Champion prize)

Prize for best Shorthorn bull shown with not fewer than two or more than
four of his offspring
Beau Benedict 42,769, bred by Mr. W. Linton, exhibited by Mr. Robert

Thompson, Inglewood, Penrith (with offspring Inglewood Belle (Vol.
XXXII., page 593), Royal Baron 50,354, Lily Millicent, and Inglewood
Pride).
Beau Benedict , roan, calved February 2, 1879, by Mr. J. B. Booths

Paul Potter 38,854 (a son of Mr. T. C. Booths Royal Benedict) from Pre-
cious Gem (of the Killerby Hecuba tribe, full of Warlaby blood), had Booth
and miscellaneous blood, through his dam, Mr. Lintons Home Beauty by
Mr. R. Booths Mountain Chief 20,383, the Booth element thus prevailing in
quantity and also in power. The Inglewood Millicents are well-known descen-
dants of Mr. F. H. Fawkess Millicent, a daughter of Mr. Jonas Whitakers
Fair Frances, a large and remarkably fine cow, by the Royal first prize bull,
Sir Thomas Fairfax. The female line has been noted for its succession of
exceedingly good cows. Two other families were represented in the Shrews-
bury groupInglewood Pet, whose two daughters were included, and Lady
Redstockings, both belonged to families favourably known in Cumberland.
It was allowed by breeders who had watched the progress of the Inglewood
herd that Bean Benedict was in personal character peculiarly suited to the
herd previously raised by Mr. Thompson, and that whilst the better char-
acteristics of his Shorthorns were well maintained, their weaker points were
corrected by Beau Benedicts influence.
(AGED BULL AND cow)
Hovingham 43,363, bred by Sir W. C. Worsley, Bart., Hovingham, and

exhibited by Mr. William Handley, Green Head, Milnthorpe.
Snowflake (Vol. XXXII., page 258), bred and exhibited by Mr. Chas. W.
Brierley, Rosedale, Tenbury.
Hovingham , white, calved in October, 1879; sire, Sir Arthur Jngram

32,490; dam, Irwins Star by Lord Irwin 20,123. He was a lengthy heavy
well-formed and well-fleshed bull of fair character.
643
Snowflake , white, calved September, 1878; sire, Bolivars Farewell 33,173;

dam, Bolivars White Tulip by Bolivar 25,649. She was very true in sym-
metry, level, and well covered with flesh, and though short in her frame,
displayed good character and fine quality.
Preston, 1885 (Champions from this date)
Royal Ingram 50,374, red-and-white, calved January 6, 1883, bred and

exhibited by Mr. Handley, Green Head, Milnthorpe, Westmorland.
Lady Garew 13th (Vol. XXXII., page 205), roan heifer, calved August
io, 1882, bred and exhibited by Mr. B. St. J. Ackers, Prin knash Park,
Gloucestershire.
Royal Ingram , a son of Sir Arthur Ingram, the champion bull at Liv-
erpool, 1877, had five recorded sires in the line of his dams pedigree :Mr.
Lintons Sir Arthur Windsor 35,541, Mr. Cattleys Prince Arthur 29,597,
Mr. R. W. Ash- burners Sir Walter Trevelyan 25,179, Mr. Hesketts General
Garibaldi 21,813, and Mr. W. Ellisons Tenant Farmer 13,828, a bull used at
Green Head by Mr. John Scott, Mr. Handleys predecessor. The foundation
was good ordinary farm stock; the three earliest sires were obtained from
local breeders in Cumberland, Westmorland, and the neighbouring Furness
district of North Lancashire, the three latest from Yorkshire, two of them,
the sire and dams sire, which give three-fourths of Royal Ingrams blood,
being Mr. Lintons bulls, potentially of Booth blood.
Lady Carew 13th represented that branch of Mr. Booths Farewell tribe
which, crossed with Rubens (a bull bred by Mr. John Colling, of White
House, and sold to Messrs. Booth and Maynard), gave birth to Fanny, in
the herd of Mr. Walker, of Maunby, the purchaser of Farewell. Fanny was
sold to the Hon. Colonel Duncombe, and in his herd at Waresley Park,
crossed with Hero, gave birth to Heather Bell. This branch of the Farewell
tribe is often distinguished as the Heather Bell branch. Mr. Pawlett bred
from Heather Bell the cow Miracle by Prince James, and Lady Jane was her
daughter by Baron killerby. Mr. Ackers purchased Lady Jane, and Lady
Carew 13th was produced by her, the sire being Lord Prinknash 2nd, of the
Warlaby Christon family.
Norwich, 1886
Royal Ingram 50,374, red-and-white, bred and exhibited by Mr. W.

Handley.
Lady Pamela, roan (Vol. XXX., page 546), bred and exhibited by Mr. T.
H. Hutchinson.
Both these have already been noticed as champions, Royal Ingram at Pre-
ston, 1885, and Lady Pamela at York, in 1883.
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1887
Ingrams Fame 53,026, red and white, bred and exhibited by Mr. W.
Handley.
Lady Pamela, roan (Vol. XXX., page 546), bred and exhibited by Mr. T.
H. Hutchinson.
Ingram’s Fame , a son of Royal Ingram 50,374, the champion bull in

i88 and i886, was bred from what is termed a full sister in blood to Royal
Ingram. The dam of Ingrams Fame was Anemone 2nd. This bull was similar
to his sire in form, but while he was quite as well furnished with lean meat,
very evenly laid on, he was better balanced in the frame, being deep behind,
and altogether a very good stamp of a bull. 1-le was sold at a long price to
go to South America.
Lady Pamela here took, for the third time, the Royal championship,
having also won at York in 1883, and Norwich in i886.
Nottingham, 1888
Mario 51,713, bred by Mr. W. Duthie, Collynie, Tarves; exhibited by Mr.
A. M. Gordon, Newton, Aberdeenshire.
Belle Madeline (Vol. XXXIII., page 558), roan, calved August 21, i886,
bred and exhibited by Mr. R. Thompson, Inglewood.
Marios sire, Field Marshal 47,870, was bred by Mr. A. Cruickshank,

Sittyton, Aberdeenshire. Field Marshals great granddam, Avalanche, be-
longing to a well-known Panton family, derived originally from the stock of
Sir George Strick- land, was bought from Mr. Dudding, and in the pos-
session of Mr. Cruickshank gave birth to Anemone by Forth 17,866, the
first-prize bull at the Royal, at Newcastle, in 1864. Anemone bred to Mr.
Cruickshanks Ca sar Augustus 25,704 (by Cham- pion of England 17,526)
the cow Azalea, and she, to his Roan Gauntlet 35,284, bred Field Marshal.
Roan Gauntlet by his dam was a grandson, and his sire also was a grandson
of Champion of England 17,526, Lancaster Comets son. The dam of Mario,
Mina 3rd by Mr. W. S. Marrs Border Chief 37,874, a son of Heir of En-
glishman, was from Mr. C. E. Cantlies Mina by Lord Irwin 29,123; the next
antecedent sire was Mr. A. Cruickshanks Vampire 30,201, and tracing back
to a cow bred by Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk.
Belle Madelines sire, Beau Benedict 42,769, is noticed as the winner of
the special prize for sire and offspring at Shrewsbury, in 1884, and her dam
645
descended from the old Killerby herd through that of Colonel Towneley. At
Towneley a pure Bates Duchess cross with the pure Killerby family produced
Alice 2nd, to whose pedigree the two own brothers, Master Butterfly i
and Royal Butterfly 16,862, were added, and they were followed by another
Duchess bull, Colonel Gunters Duke of Wharfedale 19,648, to which were
added Mr. J. B. Booths Hecuba bull Banner Bearer 27,907, and Mr. W.
Lintons Major Benedict, a half-brother to Beau Benedict 41,959 by Paul
Potter 38,854.
Windsor (Jubilee show), 1889

Ironclad 55,913, roan, calved February 8, 1887, bred and exhibited by
Lord Polwarth, Mertoun House, St. Boswells, N.B. Winner of the o
plate.
Belle Madeline (Vol. XXXIII., page 558), offspring; bred and exhibited
by Mr. R. Thompson, Inglewood. See notes, i888. (Winner of the
Queens gold medal and the 50 prize.)
Ironclad , of the W. family of Aylesby (or, as it is called, a Booth-crossed

branch of the Waterloo tribe), has through his sire, Mr. T. C. Booths King
Alfonso 49,803, of the Christon tribe, the blood of the Warlaby sires Royal
Stuart 40,646, Royal Halnaby 39,041, Royal Benedict 27,348, etc., combining
some of the best old Warlaby lines; through his dam, that of Mr. Peels
Knight of Knowlmere 2nd 31,542, of the Killerby family of Mistress Mary,
Mr. Booths Manfred 26,801, Mr. Torrs Breastplate 19,337, Mr. Booths
British Prince 14,197, Vanguard 10,994, and Baron Warlaby 7813 and the
Waterloo foundation. Some of the females of this line in the Mertoun herd
have distinguished themselves at the Royal shows. For
Belle Madeline , see Nottingham, i888. This was her second Royal cham-
pionship.
Plymouth, 1890
New Year’s Gift 57,796, roan, calved January i, i888, bred by Lord Lo-
vat, Beaufort Castle, Beauly, Inverness, N.B.; exhibited by Her Majesty
Queen Victoria.
Molly Millicent (Vol. XXXIV., page 58i), roan, calved June i i, 1884,
bred and exhibited by Mr. Robert Thompson, I uglewood.
New Year’s Gift , the remarkable bull of the Broadhooks tribe, which
again distinguished himself by winning the champion prize at the Royal
Societys Show in 1893, was a direct descendant of Europa, bred by Mr.
Robertson, of Ladykirk, through Eliza, her great-granddaughter, an own
sister to Buchan Hero 3238, winner of the Highland Societys prizes as the
best yearling and two-year-old bull, and the oo prize at Berwick, in 1841,
as the best bull of any age. Buchan Hero was purchased conjointly by
Sir Charles Tempest and Mr. Whitaker. From that bulls sister the sires
in the pedigree of New Years Gift, in their order of succession, are Mr.
Cruickshanks Prince Edward Fairfax 9506, The Baron 13,833 (bred by Mr.
Chaloner and used by Mr. Cruickshank), Baronet 15,614 (a son of The
Baron), Champion of England 17,526, and Bachelor of Arts 32,982, the Earl
of Dunmores Duke of Beaufort 38,122 (by Sixth Duke of Geneva 30,959, from
Mr. A. L. Maynards beautiful Clear Star, of the Wild Eyes tribe), and Mr.
J. Bruces Bannockburn 49,035, the sire of New Years Gift. Bannock- burn
by the Duke of B.uccleuchs Knickerbocker 35,570 had through him the blood
of the Rev. John Storers Rosedale Favourite 29,831, a son and grandson of
Rosy, the dam of Lady Pigots (afterwards the Duke of Montroses) famous
Rosedale, and had her blood doubly, inasmuch as his sire, Earl of Rosedale
26,072, was also her son. The dam of Bannock- burn, although of a family
for some time lost from general observation in what may be called the under-
currents of Scotch Shorthorn breeding, has a long line of recorded ancestors,
tracing through the Jenny Linds of Burnside to Medora, a cow bred by Mr.
A. Smith, of Blackhills, and through her back to the old Woodford herd, the
foundation having three consecutive sires of Mr. Arbuthnots breeding.
Molly Millicent is another daughter of Beau Benedict, whose character
as a winner and as a sire of winners has been noticed in several of the
foregoing paragraphs. She represents the same excellent family of Millicents
mentioned in the notes of Mr. Thompsons group at Shrewsbury, in 1884.
Doncaster, 1891
Windsor Royal 62,04, roan, calved May 19, 1889, bred and exhibited by
Lord Polwarth.
Truth, red and white, calved April 2, i888 (Vol. XXXVIII., page 556), bred
and exhibited by Lord Polwarth.
Windsor Royal by the Warlaby sire, Royal Riby 52,056, a son of Royal
Stuart 40,646, represents the Wave (Mr. Torrs W.) family already men-
tioned, and by his dam, Wave of the Ocean, was a grandson of Rapid Rhone
35,205.
Truth by Mr. Lintons Sir Arthur Irwin 44,016, son of Sir Arthur Ingram
32,490, belonged to the Hecuba tribe of the late Mr. J. B. Booth. Her dam,
Timbrel, bred at Killerby, was by Prince Stuart 45,421, of the same tribe,
and by the Warlaby sire, Royal Stuart 40,646.
647
Warwick, 1892
Major 59,419, red and white, bred by Her Majesty Queen Victoria; ex-
hibited by Mr. H. Williams, Moor Park, Harrogate, Yorks.
Truth (Vol. XXXVIII., page bred and exhibited by Lord Polwarth.
Major by Field Marshal 47,870, the sire of Mario, the Nottingham cham-
pion, 1888, is from a cow of the same Jenny Lind family (Mr. Bruces, Burn-
side) which produced New Years Gift 57,796, the champion of 1890 and
1893.
Truth (see notes on Doncaster, 1891).
Chester, 1893
New Years Gift 57,796, bred by Lord Lovat; exhibited by the Earl of
Feversham.
Timbrel 23rd, roan, calved March 26, 1891 ; bred and exhibited by Mr. R.
Stratton, The Duifryn, Newport, Mon.; sire, Medallion 56,175; dam,
Timbrel 12th (Vol. XXXVII., page 668).
New Year’s Gift (see Plymouth, 1890).

The sire and dam of Timbrel 23rd are given, as she herself was not
entered in Vol. XXXVIII. They both belong to one family, that of Mr. W. T.
Talbot Crosbies Timbrel, of the April Daisy tribe, obtained for the Ardfert
herd by the purchase of Lady Barcroft, from Mr. Rowland Campion, in
1859. Into this family, which at Ardfert produced cows of great scale and
substance, Mr. Stratton introduced some of his fathers old strain, proved
most suitable. The heifer was assuredly a Shorthorn of extraordinary merit
and beauty. Some of Mr. Strattons greatest winners have sprung from this
tribe, including the bulls Alto and Flag Signal.
Cambridge, 1894
Czarowitz 63,850, bred and exhibited by Mr. J. Deane Willis, Bapton
Manor, Wilts.
Bouquet (Vol. XXXVIII., page 201), bred and exhibited by Her Majesty
Queen Victoria, Prince Consorts Shaw Farm, Windsor.
Czarowitz by Count Lavender 60,545; dam, Crown Princess by Golden

Crown 54,370, red with a little white, was calved in 1892, and had a nicely
shaped head and good countenance. At this show Mr. Deane Willis exhib-
ited in the bull classes Count Lavender, second in the class for aged bulls
(by the decision of the umpire), and a favourite with many for first; his
son, Czarowitz, first prize two-year-old and the champion (now under no-
tice); Vain Robin, the first-prize one-year-old; and Count Victor 66,877 by
Count Lavender, the first- prize bull-calf. Count Lavender, one of the most
successful sires of the time, was a roan, calved March, 1889, bred by Mr.
W.Duthie, Collynie, Tarves; sire, Norseman 56,233 ; dam, Sweet Lavender,
of the Lavender tribe, by Earl of March 33,807.
Bouquet , a roan, calved in 1891, was got by New Years Gift 57,796;
dam, Bracelet by Royal Norseman 45,540, and was described by the judges
as showing good dairy properties.
Darlington, 1895
Nonsuch 65,969, bred by Mr. J. Hill, Langside, Fifeshire; exhibited by
Lord Polwarth, Mertoun House, St. Boswells.
Miranda (Vol. XXXIX., page 639), bred and exhibited by Mr. J. Deane
Willis, Bapton Manor, Codford, Wilts.
Nonsuch , roan, calved January, 1890, was by Mr. J. A. Gordons Chief

Secretary 55,467; dam, Rose Flower 2nd by Cherry Shoot 49,268. He was
considered by the judges to have been the best bull they had seen out for
some time, and was sold to the French Shorthorn Syndicate.
Miranda , red and white, calved in August, 1892, was by Count Lavender
60,545 ; dam, Missie 125th, of Mr. W. S. Marrs breeding, by William of
Orange 50,694. This heifer had extraordinary merits, and few faults. Along
the top she was exceedingly good, and in front was fully packed with flesh
on the breast and along the neck vein.
Leicester, 1896
Royal Herald 64,738, bred and exhibited by Lord Polwarth, Mertoun
House, St. Boswells.
Aggie Grace (Vol. XLIII., page 528), bred by Mr. A. B. Law, and exhib-
ited by Messrs. Law, Mains of Sanquhar, Forres, N.B.
The champion bull was a roan, calved in February, 1891; sire Royal Riby
52,056; dam, Victoria Regina by King Stephen 46,5 59. Through Royal Riby
he was a grandson of Royal Stuart, and great-grandson of Royal Benedict
(the sire of Royal Ribys dam), so that he was full of the best existing blood
of Warlaby, and, on the dams side, descended from the original Killerby
herd of the founder of the Booth herds, the branch once in Lady Pigots
possession He was a great, deep, massive bull.
Aggie Grace , a roan, calved March, 1894, was got by Sanquhar 63,336;
dam, Dandy Grace by Ravensworth 61,570. She was remarkably well made
649
up in beef points, and was of mingled Scotch Shorthorn families, then not
so well known to English breeders as some others.
Manchester, 1897
Master Recorder 69,101, bred by Messrs. R. and W. Henderson, Elring-

ton, Hexham, the property of Mr. W. Heaton, Lostock, Bolton.
Sea Gem (Vol. XLIV., page 405), bred and exhibited by Captain W. H. 0.
Duncombe, Waresley Park, Hunts. (This heifer also won the champion
prize as best Shorthorn.)
Master Recorder , roan, calved August, 1895; sire, Recorder 67,694 ;

dam, Marigold 42nd by William of Orange 50,964. He had great growth for
his age, good bulls neck and shoulders, and a masculine head; he was wide
in front, had a good top, deep ribs, and well-filled thighs, while his flesh was
thick; but he might have been wider in his hind quarters.
Sea Gem , roan, calved in January, 1895; by Liberator 64,260 from Sea
Pearl by Commander 54,1 i6. The sire of Sea Gem was bred by Mr. J. Deane
Willis, and her dam was by Lord Polwarths Commander, of the Wave line.
Liberator has three sires, bred by Mr. Amos CruickshankGravesend, Ver-
mont, and Luminary. She was a heifer of great, yet most even development
of flesh.
Birmingham, 1898
Marengo 69,068, bred by Mr. W. Duthie, Collynie, Tarves; exhibited by

Mr. Philo L. Mills, Ruddington Hall, Notts.
Jewel 2nd (Vol. XLIII., page 337), bred and exhibited by Mr. C. W.
Brierley, Twyford, Brimfield.
Marengo , roan, calved in February, 1895; sire, Scottish Archer 59,893;

dam, Missie I i8th, by William of Orange 50,964. Though only three years
old, Marengo was a bull of wonderful substance and depth of frame. From his
hip down to his flank there was such a length as to excite great admiration,
and his underline was singularly level. Since the preceding year there had
been a very striking improvement in his head, which had become handsome.
Jewel 2nd red and white, calved August, 1893; sire, Rosedale George
63,235; dam, Rosedale Jewel by Martinet 59,455, described as a cow of rare
quality, with grand milking properties. She was beautifully shaped, but
rather patchily coloured. Her fore quarters were wonderful, and she was on
very short legs. Her width of frame and wealth of flesh were most striking.
Maidstone, 1899
Bapton Emperor 73,982, bred and exhibited by Mr. J. Deane Willis,

Bapton Manor, Codford, Wilts.
Cicely (Vol. XLV., page 273), bred and exhibited by H.M. Queen Victoria,
the Prince Consorts Shaw Farm, Windsor.
Bapton Emperor , roan, calved March, 1898; sire, Ingram Yet 70,652;
dam, Cicely by Roan Robin 57,992. This was a very attractive roan yearling,
grandly filled in his middle and top. He was purchased by Mr. W. S. Marr,
for use in the Uppermill herd.
Cicely , roan, calved 1898; sire, Prince Victor 73,320; dam, Christobel
by Crcesus 58,706. Another yearling champion was Cicely, one of the best
of her age ever seen in a show-yard. She was faultless in shape, and showed
immense substance, with choice quality. Prince Victor, the sire of Cicely,
and of many other fine winners from Windsor, was by Count Victor 66,877,
a son of Count Lavender.
York, 1900
Royal Duke 75,509, bred and exhibited by H.M. Queen Victoria, Prince
Consorts Shaw Farm, Windsor.
Countess of Oxford 14th (Vol. XLI., page 431), bred and exhibited by
Mr. W. J. Hosken, Loggans Mill, Hayle, Cornwall.
Royal Duke , roan, calved March, 1898; sire, Prince Victor 73,320; dam,
Rosewater by Red Rover 63,192. This grand two-year-old was noticeable
for scale, substance, and symmetry. His extraordinary middle, back, and
underline constituted him a universal favourite, and he was regarded as one
of the most wonderful bulls of modern times.
Countess of Oxford 14th , red, calved August, 1894; sire, Fireball 64,025;
dam, Countess of Oxford 13th by Duke of Tregunter ioth 54,244. This was a
massive red cow, of Bates blood, possessing splendid form and a good udder.
Cardiff, 1901
Royal Duke 75,509 bred by Her late Majesty Queen Victoria; exhibited
by H.M. the King, Royal Farms, Windsor.
White Heather (Vol. XLVII., page 85o), bred by Mr. J.B. Manson,
Kilblean, Aberdeenshire; exhibited by Mr. J. Deane Willis, Bapton
Manor, Codford, Wilts.
651
Royal Duke again won the championship as in 1900. The judges reported
that his level top line, well arched rib, even flesh, and straight, well-packed
quarters gained him the preference.
White Heather (white, calved February, 1898, sire, Merry Mason 67,486;
dam, Beauty 24th by Morton 53,330) was referred to by the judges as having
very symmetrical outlines, good quarters, sweet head, and beautifully curved
horns, and withal showing good milking capabilities.
Carlisle, 1902
Royal Duke 75,509, bred by Her late Majesty Queen Victoria; exhibited
by H.M. the King.
Flora 6th (Vol. XLVII., page 658), bred by Mr. John Naylor, Leighton
Hall, Welshpool; exhibited by Mr. George Harrison, Gainford Hall,
Darlington.
This was the third year in succession that Royal Duke won the champion
prizein 1900, 1901, and 1902. FLORA 6th, roan, calved January, 1900; sire,
Easter Gift 72,459, of Mr. Marrs breeding; dam, Flora 4th by Nero 67,530.
She was a well-grown, thick, shapely heifer, wonderfully level in flesh, but
her head and underline were not above criticism.
Park Royal, London, 1903

Pearl King 79,361, bred by Mr. Thomas Thompson, Prospect House,
Hest Bank, Lancaster; exhibited by Mr. John Handley, Green Head,
Milnthorpe.
Sylph (Vol. LI., page 375), bred and exhibited by H.M. the King, Royal
Farms, Windsor.
Pearl King , roan, calved July, 1900; sire, Prospect Harold 75,337; dam,
Dolly Pearl by Pearl Royal 67,584. A fine animal of great scale, good
colour, beautiful top line, well covered with even flesh; very fresh and ac-
tive. SYLPH, red and white, calved February, 1901; sire, Royal Duke 75,509;
dam, Spruce by Volunteer 63,501. A beautiful heifer, full of quality in every
way.

Ronald 79,775, bred by H.M. Queen Victoria; exhibited by H.M. the
King.
White Heather (Vol. XLVII., page 850), bred by J. B. Manson; exhibited

by Mr. J. Deane Willis.
Ronald , red and little white, calved December, 1900; sire, Prince Victor
73,320 ; dam, Rose of Westmorland 2nd of the Booth-Mantalini tribe, by
Penwarden 66,oi 2. He was a very massive level-fleshed bull that was sold
for 1500 gs. to go to Chili.
White Heather won the champion prize in 1901.

Royal Emblem 82,154, bred by Mr. J. Durno, Jackston, Rothie Norman;
exhibited by Mr. Robert Taylor, Pitlivie, Carnoustie.
Lady Amy 7th (Vol. L., page 848), bred by the Earl of Powis, Powis
Castle, Welshpool ; exhibited by Mr. F. Miller, La Belen, Clifton
Road, Birkenhead.
Royal Emblem , roan, calved March, 1901; sire, Lord Lynedoch 74,900;
dam, Rose of Elbe by British Leader 60,417; he was a remarkably robust,
level, and heavy-fleshed animal.
Lady Amy 7th , roan, calved January, 1903; sire, Cornish Knight 78,641 ;
dam, Lady Amy 5th by Master Archer 70,962. She was a heifer of beautiful
character and quality, level fleshed and with fine top and loin.
Derby, 1906
Bapton Viceroy 90,770, bred and exhibited by Mr. J. Deane Willis,
Bapton Manor, Codford, Wilts.
Golden Garland (Vol. LIII.), bred and exhibited by Mr. J. Deane Willis.
On this occasion, as will be seen, Mr. Deane Willis secured both the cham-
pionships with yearlings bred by himself.
Bapton Viceroy , red, calved 1905; sire, Violets Fame 78,078; dam, Van-
ity by Count Lavender 60,545. The judges described this as a most wonderful
bull for his age, being deep, and with little fault to be found with him; in
fact, for his age, one of the best we have seen for many years.
Golden Garland , roan, calved February, 1905; sire, Violets Fame 78,078;
dam, Golden Geraldine by Count Lavender 60,545. A beautiful heifer, well
grown down, level, and with a grand coat of hair; in fact, it was hard to find
a fault with her; her beautiful hind quarters gained her the championship.
Lincoln, 1907
Linksfield Champion 86,401, bred by Colonel C. J. Johnston, Links-
field, Elgin; exhibited by Mr. F. Miller, La Belen, Clifton Road,
Birkenhead.
653
Sweetheart (Vol. LII., page 568), bred by Her Majesty Queen Victoria,
the Royal Farms, Windsor; exhibited by Lord Calthorpe, Elvetham
Park, Winchfleld, Hants.
Linksfield Champion , roan, calved April, 1903; sire, Scottish Prince

82,270; dam, Kathleen by John Peel 67,237. This famous show bull was a
great winner in Ireland before he was secured by Mr. Miller, in whose pos-
session, in 1907, he was champion at the Royal, the Highland, and the Royal
Dublin shoxvs, in addition to many other prizes. This bull is remarkably
compact, with great wealth of flesh, his back being admirably covered.
Sweetheart , roan, calved in December, 1900, was bred at the Royal
Farms, Windsor, her sire being Royal Duke 75,509 (champion at the Royal
Shows in 1900,1901, and 1902), and her dam, Sweetbriar by Nobleman
65,968. Sweetheart is a beautiful specimen of the breed, and she has also
proved an excellent breeder, several of her calves having taken a prominent
position in the show-yards.
Chapter 17
Characteristics of the breed
The general appearance and characteristics of Shorthorn cattle are familiar

to all who are interested in rural pursuits, for there are few districts in which
they are not to be seen browsing in the fields. Their symmetry and style,
with their finely varied colours, make them look handsome and attractive,
so that Mr. Douglas, of Athelstaneford, voiced the opinions of many lovers
of live stock when he said that he considered a perfect specimen of the
Shorthorn to be one of the most beautiful objects in creation. The points
to which chief importance should be attached are variously estimated by
different authorities. There can be no doubt that the breed has been most
skilfully moulded to meet the varying requirements of the times. The Short-
horn is not only of the utmost value for pure breeding, but it also lends itself
most readily to the production of the very best cross-breds. Some idea can
be obtained from ancient pictures of the type that was favoured in the early
days of improvement, although these old sketches in many cases represent
rather the artists notions than the actual animals that were supposed to
have been outlined. It is known, however, that at the outset great weight
and excessive fatness were the main considerations. Then came the period
when the refinement of the race was undertaken by able breeders, who aimed
at the production of a more compact, short-legged, and well- shaped animal.
With the rise of the Booth and Bates strains, a further change occurred; the
Booths developing the thick- fleshed, well-ribbed, and broad animals; while
the Bates supporters favoured length and style, no doubt mainly in keeping
with the demands of the period. In recent years a still more compact and
shorter-legged type carrying abundance of natural flesh has been sought,
because the public requirements demanded cattle of this description. The
development and improvement of the milking properties have also been more
carefully attended to.
Photography has somewhat superseded the written description, but
some notes are added to indicate the leading points to be sought for in
a well-bred Shorthorn. Probably the best descriptions of the points and
655
656 CHAPTER 17. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BREED
characteristics are those by Mr. John Thornton and Mr. Win. Housman,
which are quoted below.
Mr. Thornton wrote:
The breed is distinguished by its symmetrical proportions

and by its great bulk on a comparatively small frame; the offal
being very light and the limbs small and fine. The head is ex-
pressive, being rather broad across the forehead, tapering grace-
fully below the eyes to an open nostril and fine flesh-coloured
muzzle. The eyes are bright, prominent, and of a particularly
placid, sweet expression; the countenance being remarkably
gentle. The horns (whence comes the name) are, by comparison
with other breeds, unusually short. They spring well from the
head with a graceful downward curl, and are of a creamy white
or yellowish colour; the ears being fine, erect, and hairy. The
neck should be moderately thick (muscular in the male), and
set straight and well into the shoulders. These, when viewed in
front, are wide, showing thickness through the heart; the breast
coming well forward, and the fore legs standing short and wide
apart. The back, among the higher-bred animals, is remarkably
broad and flat; the ribs, barrel like, spring well out of it, and
with little space between them and the hip-bones, which should
be soft and well covered. The hind quarters are long and well
filled in, the tail being set square upon them; the thighs meet low
down, forming the full and deep twist; the flank should be deep
so as partially to cover the udder, which should be not too large,
but placed forward, the teats being well formed and square set,
and of a medium size; the hind legs should be very short, and
stand wide and quite straight to the ground. The general appear-
ance should show even outlines. The whole body is well covered
with long, soft hair, there frequently being a fine undercoat; and
this hair is of the most pleasing variety of colour, from a soft,
creamy white, to a full, deep red. Occasionally the animal is red
and white, the white being found principally on the forehead,
underneath the belly, and a few spots on the hind quarters and
legs; in another group the body is nearly white, with the neck
and head partially covered with roan; whilst in a third type the
entire body is most beautifully variegated, of a rich, deep purple
or plum-coloured hue. On touching the beef points, the skin is
found to be soft and mellow, as if lying on a soft cushion. In
animals thin in condition a kind of inner skin is felt, which is the
quality or handling, indicative *Cattle, Sheep, and Pigs of Great
Britain. By John Coleman. Horace Cox, Field Office, Breams
Buildings, London. of the great fattening propensities for which
657
the breed is famous.

Mr. Housman’s description is as follows:
To describe the modern Shorthorn we begin with the female,
and take first that index to breed and characterthe head. In the
highest type of head the face shortish, broad across the eyes and
forehead, generally a little hollow in the outline of the face,
and decidedly so between the eyes, finely cut out, like artistic
carving in wood or stone, down the face and round the muzzle;
the nostrils large and open, cheeks not too fleshy, eyes bright but
placid, horns wide set, and somewhat flat at the roots, growing
outward at first, and as the animal advances in age forming gentle
curves, which should not be immediately upward. The drooping
horn is not generally liked, although it is not always in effect
displeasing. A bend forward is considered preferable, and the
points may incline either inward or upward. Matched horns are
in favour, yet a well-shaped head, with a sprightly outlook, can
bear differing horns without disadvantage to the whole effect.
The horns and the muzzle should be light coloured and clear, the
muzzle a palish buff, without stain of black, the horns yellow in
the heifer, but naturally becoming lighter in the cow. Those of
some old cows take a pale sea-green hue with a polished quasi-
transparency of surface. A little dark colour at the points is
permitted, not commended. Real jet black and chalky white
are objectionable horn colours. The throat, often leathery in
the well-fed calf and yearling, should be somewhat fine, having
but little loose skin under the root of the tongue, without any
considerable length of light neck in the mature animal. Almost
immediately behind the head the sides of the neck should begin
to sxvell towards the shoulder, where the flesh should evenly
cover the shoulder blades, and hide the prominence of the bones
above the arm, technically called the shoulder-points. The ewe-
neck is an ugly fault. In very heavily fleshed animals the out-
shoulderor ridge extending from the upper part of the shoulder
blade towards the shoulder point or junction of the shoulder
blade and lower shoulder bonehas sometimes an immense depth
of muscle. This may be considered excessive if the space before it
is comparatively bare of flesh, but if that be amply covered, the
disturbance of absolute evenness of surface may be pardoned.
We find it in many of the best animals. The shoulder blades
should not be tightly laid in at the top, but should be free to
open to the growth of flesh. The fore-rib over the heart, if amply
expanded and richly covered with flesh, fills the space behind
the out-shoulder and below the crops. The floor of the chest
should be proportionately wide and padded with muscle and

layers of fat, the fore-flank, or packing immediately behind the
hoxter, big enough to fill, or more than fill, the hollow; and the
breast sufficiently prominent, substantial, full from arm to arm,
and evenly shaped forward to the end. The line of the back
must be strong and generally straight, yet a slightly heaving
line over the chine is permissible if the crops be wide and full;
the ribs springing out well to give breadth of back for the beef.
A good loin is broad, strong, deeply and evenly covered with
flesh, thick at the nearly parallel edges (not rapidly narrowing
forxvard, but square toxvards the ribs), and in the fatted animal
in line with the width of the hips. In fact, on lean animals the
hip-bones must be liberally covered, not bare, hard, or sharp;
each hip cleft and the holloxv filled with elastic flesh. This is
an important test of the quality of the animal, especially in the
lean state. The hind quarters should be wide, well filled, and
moderately long, straight on the top, ending squarely, and the
tail dropping perpendicularly at a right angle; the thighs thick,
and the twist(or filling over the back of the udder) very full;
flank, heavy; the underline of the body approximating to straight
in the heifer, swelling gently as the cow advances in age; the legs
straight, wide set, and the fore and hind legs in line. The hair
should be abundant, and of moss-like softness.
The characteristics of the bull are those of the cow, adapted
to difference of sex. The head has a bolder outline, inclining
rather to the convex than to the concave; the horns are stronger,
less bent, and usually shorter than those of the cow, standing
out xvide from the back of the crown-ridge, and the broad fore-
head is plentifully covered with hair, wavy or curl- ing; the eyes,
prominent and lively, wide-set in largely rounded sockets, with a
hollow betxveen; the lower part of the face shortish and deeply
cut out between the eye and the muzzle, although the outline
of the nose may be somewhat high. The swelling outline over
the bones surrounding the eyes, as seen in full profile, gives the
rounder line of the bulls as compared with the cows face, and
the convexity is often continued to the muzzle. The ideal bulls
neck is powerful, massive, rounded, and thickly covered with
hair; but a false judgment, valuing the muscle between head and
body as only so much inferior and undesirable beef, has tended
to loxver the masculine standard and to make too many bulls
more like steers than stock sires. The bulls shoulders and breast
should no more show feminine fineness than his hips and hind
quarters should have the width and squareness of those of the
cow. I n his general character the bull, as compared with the
659
cow, should be as the lion compared with the lioness.

Great length, in male or female, is generally commended long
and low is a frequent term of praise. Length, however, should
be in fair proportion to depth and width, and duly divided over
the fore, middle, and hinder parts.
In these particulars the beef type of Shorthorns is principally
considered. Between that type and the dairy type, modification
(corresponding in the two sexes) is gradual, the most distinc-
tively dairy cow being lighter in the neck, often a little longer
and narrower in the face, narrower and not so deep in the chest,
and proportionately wider and deeper in the hind quarters, with
large milk-veins and udder; the best udder, however, not fleshy
or permanently large, but of fine elastic skin, very considerably
shrunk when empty. It should extend well forward, with teats
evenly shaped and not too large, set wide apart.
Mr. Henry Strafford also penned the subjoined account:
The Shorthorns vary in colour, ranging from pure white to
a bright or rich red. The most fashionable of all, hoxvever, is
a mixture of the two, forming a deep or light roan, sometimes
called hazel or strawberry. Colour, however, should never be re-
garded as an objection to the real value of the animal, as the
same cow crossed by the same bull will often throw the three
different colours in as many calves. We are well aware of there
being some certain prejudice against white, in contradistinction
to which it may be only necessary to state that some of the very
best of the improved Shorthorns have been white ones. Still, to
correct this or, perhaps, to act in obedience to the fashion of the
time, the red is now become more esteemed, as from it, when
crossed with the white, is frequently produced the most brilliant
of roans. The appearance and points of the Shorthorn may be
thus briefly summed up. The head of the male animal is short,
but at the same time fine; very broad across the eyes, but grad-
ually tapering to the nose, the nostril of which is full and promi-
nent; the nose itself of a rich flesh colour, neither too light nor
dark; eyes bright and placid, with ears somewhat large and thin.
The head, crowned with a curved and rather flat horn, is well
set into a lengthy, broad, muscular neck; the chest wide, deep,
and projecting; shoulders fine, oblique, and well formed into the
chine; fore legs short, with the upper arm large and powerful;
barrel round, deep, and well ribbed up towards the loins and
hips, which should be wide and *A Cyclopedia of Agriculture.
E Blackie and Sons, i86 .dited by John Chalmers Morton. level;
back, straight from the withers to the setting in of the tail, but
still shortthat is from hip to the chinethe opinion of many good

judges being that a beast should have a short back with a long
frame. As a consequence of this, the hind quarter must kself
be lengthy but well filled in. The symmetry of frame at present
to be found in a well-bred Shorthorn reaches as near perfection
as ppssible, while few animals handle so well, or, to use a still
more technical phrase, have so fine and mellow a touch. The hair
is plentiful, soft, and mossy, with a hide not too thin, in fact,
somewhat approaching the feeling of velvet. The female enjoys
nearly all the same characteristics as the above, with the excep-
tion of her head being finer, longer, and more tapering; her neck
thinner and altogether lighter, and her shoulders more inclined to
narrow towards the chine. Like most well-proportioned animals,
the Shorthorn often looks smaller than he really is. The rapid-
ity with which he puts on flesh, and the weights he frequently
makes, are facts well known.
Mr. James Douglas, of Athelstaneford, described Short- horns thus:
It is not animals of a large scale which are wanted. In such
subjects there is generally a preponderance of bone, long back,
weak loins, fiat ribs, and much coarse beef. What we want, in
my opinion, is an animal of apparently small scale, but in re-
ality not so, having a great propensity to fatten, on short legs,
with fine bone, massive, compact body, wide chest, ribs well
sprung, thick loins, and well filled up quarter, with deep txvist,
body all equally covered over with heavy flesh, and plenty of soft
hair, showing no coarse beef on any part. This is my standard
of a Shorthorn, and when I speak of such I have in my minds
eye many of Mr. Booths best animals at Warlaby. Look at
the docile, even intelligent, expression of countenance, the waxy
horn, moderately short neck, full neck vein, prominent bosom,
beautifully laid shoulder, capacious chest, ribs well sprung from
the back, thick-fleshed strong loins, deep flank, hoggins well cov-
ered, lengthy, well-packed hind quarter, with deep twist, on short
straight legs and fine bonesuch are nearly all the animals that
constitute Mr. Booths celebrated tribes. I consider a perfect
specimen of a Shorthorn one of the most beautiful objects in
creation.
Mr. Robert Bruce, in his paper on Shorthorns in the Journal of the
Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland (No. 3,
March, 1903), thus indicates what a good Shorthorn cow can do:
She can, at or about two years of age, produce a calf, and
give a larger quantity of rich milk than any other general pur-
661
pose pure-bred cow of the same age. She can, under ordinary
treatment, go on from year to year producing a valuable calf,
milking deeply nine or ten months out of the twelve. During
the two months she is dry she can, under a sensible system of
management, quickly get into condition to produce a healthy,
well-nurtured calf, as the season comes round. After having
eight, ten, or even more calves, she is easily fattened to become
a heavy carcase of good, useful beef. Again, he insists upon the
necessity of keeping utility steadily in viexv. But, while this is
so, breeding for utility need not, and should not, interfere with
the efforts of breeders to work towards a standard of excellence
of those qualifications which have always tended to make Short-
horns universally admired. To aim at breeding animals of mas-
culine character in the male, and female character in the female,
with, in each case, freedom of action, width of chest, and ample
lung space, perfect formation of limbs and joints, straightness of
upper and lower lines, with that beautiful level blending of one
part of the body into another, is quite compatible with utility in
the full sense of the word.
Mr. Alvin H. Sanders, in his xvork on Shorthorn Cattle, writes
The lapse of years only serves to strengthen the position of
the Shorthorn. A century of close contact with the most ex-
acting requirements of the farm and feed lot has only deepened
the hold of the red, white, and roan upon the affections of the
agricultural world. The source of this perennial popularity must
be apparent, even to the most casual observer. The strength of
the Shorthorn lies in its unrivalled range of adaptability; in the
facility with which it responds to the varied demands of those
who pursue a system of diversified farmingthe rearing of live
stock as an essential feature in a well-ordered scheme of mixed
husbandry. The Shorthorn is distinctively and emphatically a
dual-purpose breed. The bull calves can be turned into market-
topping steers ; and, under proper management, the heifers, de-
velop marked value for the dairy. The pure-bred Shorthorn bull
as a first cross upon common, or native, cowsespecially if they
be wanting in sizeis a certain source of immediate improvement,
imparting scale, shapeliness, and quality to his progeny. The
Shorthorn grade heifer is the foundation upon which bulls of
other improved breeds have built some of their most original
successes. In a lean or store condition, the Shorthorn is still
attractive by reason of his level lines and general symmetry.
Hon. John Dryden, the Canadian breeder, insists upon these points:
First, a rugged and strong constitution in the animal, without which no
permanent success can be attained. Second, depth of flesh, as against deep

layers of fat, which may be placed upon the animal by long and continued
feeding; and, third, early maturity. It is possible, he admits, that the earlier
Scotch breeders, in reaching out toward these three qualities in their cat-
tle, did frequently lose sight of what some of us, in these days, value even
morewhat is called style or general appearance in the animal ; the particular
colour or form of the horn, or the colour of the animal itself. Many of these
breeders in Scotland considered these things more or less non-essential, and,
while they would be gratified to find them present, they would not refuse to
use an animal where one or all these points were not what might be desired,
provided the animal excelled in essential and useful qualities.
A well-known English breeder expresses a hope that attention should
be drawn to the modern spread of black horns and blue underlips among
Shorthorns. This increase is, he thinks, undeniable, and ought to be checked,
if possible.
Sir Nigel Kingscote, in his paper on the Value of Pedigrees (7ozi;-nal
R.A.S.E., 1892), quotes the following letter from the late Mr. G. Drewry,
for many years the experienced agent Of the Holker estates:
There is no doubt that many Shorthorn herds have very much

deteriorated in their milking properties. I think this is more
owing to high feeding than to line breeding, but both high feeding
and line breeding have been carried too far. It is the fashion now,
for many people, to run down pedigree Shorthorns and praise
what they call dairy Shorthorns; but where would the grand
dairy cows we see at our shows have existed had it not been for
pedigree herds? The rage for line breeding was very much the
fault of the Americans, who would not look at an animal unless
it was bred in that way.
In connection with the present work, a number of breeders were asked

for replies to the following questions:
• Could you give me your idea of the points of a Shorthorn?
• What do you consider are the most valuable characteristics of the

breed for pure breeding?
• Also for crossing?
We print a few of the remarks which these queries elicited

Lord Polwarth, Mertoun House, St. Boswells, writes:
As regards the points of a Shorthorn, I do not think there is

so much diversity of opinion as to make it worth while detail-
ing these. Hoxvever, each breeder has, or should have, his own
663
distinct ideal. It often happens that that ideal is not at once in

accord with the public taste of the day. But public taste varies,
and, even in the maintenance of it, different types are required.
It is well for the breed that men have resolutely adhered to their
own types in spite of being out of the running for a time, or we
should have only one type, which would ultimately degenerate,
and lose its characteristic. Mr. Bates and Mr. Amos Cruick-
shank were instances of this. In Leicester breeding, my prede-
cessor firmly declined to introduce alien blood into the flock at
a period when the fashion for a different class of wool seemed to
make it advisable. It is well for the country that circumstances
lead men to adhere to the type which best suits their ideal. There
is room for all, and there is no doubt that a slight infusion of
different blood, if it harmonises, can be of great value. At the
same time, heterogeneous breeding seldom makes anything bet-
ter than an occasional crack, which can xvin prizes, but proves of
moderate value for stock purposes. As to special points, I vould
like to emphasise the great need of quality. I am aware many
despise this as a fad, and apt to indicate delicacy. But when I
refer to it I wish to say I am averse to thin, bare skins. Fine
quality is to be judged, not by the hide only, but by the covering
of flesh all over, and very specially over the brisket, the filling up
of the neck vein thus covering the shoulder points. When this is
the case one seldom finds much defect elsewhere. If I remember
aright, this was one of the characteristics of Mr. Cruickshanks
famous bull, which I well remember seeing in a field, when I was
walking with him. Quality is what is more needed at the present
time in ordinary feeding stock than anything else. The eye is
too much relied on, whereas the skilful touch of the hand is the
best criterion. Any one attending ordinary sales of feeding stores
will find much difficulty in obtaining a class of cattle that will
feed readily and at little cost. Another danger is the deceptive
appearance of many apparently deep animals. Viewed broadside
on they look well, but careful handling reveals bareness of flesh,
and an end view from the head backwards, shows slackness be-
hind the shoulders. The too-common point in judging now is
behindall seems to depend on levelness at the tail. It may be
so at Smithfield, and undoubtedly deserves a good many points
in any animal, but I can never forget a shrewd, capable judge
of a Shorthorn as ever lived, the late Mr. Nicol Milne, of Fal-
donside, taking me, when a very young neophyte in cattle, to
the head, and, standing slightly aside, with his keen alongside
glance, pointing out what, in his eye, was lacking for a breeding
animal. Certainly I have known bulls somewhat rocky at the tail
prove first-class sires. After all general character, quality, and,

above all, a right type of head should count above most things
in any breed of animal. There is one phase of breeding I have
omitted to notice, and which I have found very successfulthat
is, the reviving of some good old tribes of Shorthorns, somewhat
run down, by a renewal of the old blood, after, perhaps, many
years of severance, the renewal being a re-infusion of the same
strain, long severed.
Mr. A. E. W. Darby:
The Shorthorn breed combines great aptitude for feeding

with, at any rate, in some strains, good milking qualities, and, as
a dual-purpose breed, cannot, I think, be surpassed. For crossing
purposes the bulls are invaluable, as they are very potent and
stamp their good qualities on their produce from all classes of
cows.
Mr. John Patten, Alnwick:
I may describe a good Shorthorn bull thus: A broad, flat

forehead, prominent, placid eye, flat orange-coloured horns, large
mouth and nostrils, moderately arched neck, coming gracefully
out of the shoulders, good neck veins, shoulders oblique and well
packed behind them, wide crops, round arched ribs, wide, flat
loins, long and well filled quarters, thighs fairly straight and well
let down, deep flanks, straight underline, legs well set outside the
body, wide and prominent brisket, and the whole frame covered
with thick, level flesh of good quality; a mossy coat to keep
him warm, intermixed with long hair to keep him dry. A bull
with these characteristics is good to keep, and easy to sell. A
Shorthorn cow should possess many of the above qualities, but
she must be distinctly feminine in character; head sweet and
docile in expression, fore quarter lighter than that of the bull, but
wide and well developed behind, and adorned with a good square
udder with the teats nicely set. A high-class bull is required
both for pure and crossing purposes. Some who have thought
anything would do for the latter have found out their mistake.
A mellow skin, showing abundance of quality, is a sine quc non
for crossing purposes.
Mr. C. Morgan Richardson:
The chief characteristic of the Shorthorn breed is, in my opin-

ion, its universality. It succeeds everywhere under proper man-
agement. Even in West Wales, where only the black cattle were
665
supposed to thrive, they do better for milk and for beef than
the native cattle, and for crossing purposes they are invaluable.
Their variety in colour is an attraction as well as an advantage,
and there is no breed of cattle that more completely answers the
ideal in three great essentialssize, substance, and symmetry.
Mr. Walter Crosland, Buscot Park:
There are so many different types of Shorthorns, and, I sup-

pose, each breeder has his own ideal; but the ideal that I have
been working for for some years, and which has been fairly suc-
cessful, has been to preserve the grandeur, length, and scale of
the Bates type, with the thick flesh of the Scotch Shorthorn, and
I have done this by crossing Bates cows with a Scotch-bred bull.
Several notable examples from this herd are well known, viz.
Baron Buscot, first- prize winner at the Park Royal show; and
Buscot Victor, his own brother, champion at the Notts County
show in 1906. Both these were from a Quicksilver cow, full of
good Bates blood; and more recently, Buscot Smilax, a heifer
which won first prize and was reserve for champion at the Ox-
fordshire Show at Banbury in 1907. These cattle are of great
length, with beautiful head and horns, massive thick flesh, well
let down in their quarters, and on short legs. They are beautiful
handlers, and carry good coats, which add very greatly to their
appearance. These animals were all by the famous bull Wander-
ers Prince, bred by the late Mr. W. S. Marr, in Aberdeenshire.
I consider the most valuable characteristic of the breed to be
its dual-purpose capacity of milk and beef. There is no breed
to compare with the Shorthorn for this, for the production of a
large quantity of milk of good quality, and the adaptability to
lay on flesh quickly. For crossing it is valuable in grading up and
improving cross- bred herds, and this is why the Shorthorn is so
popular in the Argentine.
Mr. R. W. Hobbs, Kelmscott:
The type of Shorthorn I admire is a fair-sized straight cow

showing correct Shorthorn character with a good wide back, but,
above all, a well-shaped and capacious udder running well for-
ward and back, and showing plenty of loose leather behind after
milking. If she is not so wide over her chine as the beef-producing
Shorthorn, I do not mind, and I object to see a fat cow in my
herd while she is in milk, as I am sure she cannot carry a great
amount of flesh, and at the same time give a good amount of
milk; but I find my best milkers put on flesh very quickly when
dry. I consider that the Shorthorn should be a dual-purpose cow,

that is, she should give a good quantity of milk, and when dry,
quickly make a good carcase of beef, and in this capacity the
dairy Shorthorn is excelled by no other breed.
Mr. T. H. Hutchinson, Manor House, Catterick, briefly describes the

points as follows: ”A fine head, nice horn, plenty of good hair, deep flesh,
strong loin, deep thick thighs, long straight hind quarter, the tail to come
out nicely. If a bull, he should show good strong masculine character.“
Mr. F. N. Webb, agent to Mr. C. R. XV. Adeane: ”The great point
I consider about the Shorthorn is that it is pre-eminently a dual-purpose
breed, that is, it can be bred to produce the maximum of either beef or
milk, and will thrive in all countries and all climates.“
Mr. Thomas Henderson, agent to Mr. J. Douglas Fletcher, of Rose-
haugh:
A good Shorthorn should please the eye when standing and

walking, and should have a gay carriage indicating breeding.
Colour, whole dark red and rich roan are the best colours. Hide
should be fine and loose, with plenty of soft silky hair. Head,
which should be carried proudly, rather on the short side in the
male, longer in the female, broad forehead, horns, not too strong,
growing almost straight out from the side of the head. Nose must
not be too long, the nostrils wide and full. Muzzle clean and free
from black or blue spots. Neck of male short and thick, of fe-
male, longer and fairly thin. Chest full and deep. Shoulders
flat and well laid in. Ribs xvell sprung, deep, and carried well
back to the hook. Top level and well covered with flesh; fairly
broad between the hooks; plenty of length between hook and
tail. Tail neat and nicely set in. Quarters full, deep, and coming
down straight from tail head. Legs well set under body, and not
too strong in the bone. Underline good, without any signs of
bareness behind fore or at flank. For pure breeding Shorthorns
should have good pedigrees, be of good colour, with plenty of
substance and thoroughly sound in constitution. They should
also be of good milking strains. The same description applies in
regard to crossing; but colour is not of so much importance.
Mr. W. J. Hosken, Hayle, Cornwall:
I look for style and character, good carriage, with legs placed,
more particularly the hind legs, well out; you thus get better
second thighs and stronger hocks. Good, well-formed shoulders,
with a well- sprung rib, and strong loin, evenness of flesh over the
back, and straight backbone, and a well-set-on tail, together with
667
a good head and coat, substance and quality of flesh, depth of

rib and well-filled girth, and crops nicely covered. These points,
together with sufficient size and bone, with pins well set in, are
the main points of a Shorthorn in my opinion.
Mr. John Handley, Greenhead, Milnthorpe:
I consider a Shorthorn should have a short face, and be wide

between the eyes; the horns should be of medium size, of a yellow,
waxy colour. The animal should stand wide between the fore
legs, holding the head nicely up when walking and standing, thick
over the crops. It should be straight on the back and quarters,
with full thighs and neat hind quarters. My idea is that the
Shorthorn is most valuable for crossing purposes, attaining to a
good weight, and with plenty of good level thick flesh, making a
good profitable cross on every breed of cattle it is mated with,
and coming to early maturity.
Mr. H. Williams, Moor Park, Harrogate:
Shorthorns should have long bodies and long quarters on

short legs, good loins and thighs, and good flank, oblique shoul-
ders, with deep fore quarters, round barrel, and well ribbed up.
Colour, dark roan or red, with thick mossy hair and soft touch;
they should be good walkers and dignified in carriage. Bulls I
like with broad forehead and masculine appearance. Cows with
square udders and not too pendulous. In all cases there should
be no black on the noses.
Mr. R. Stratton: ”The Shorthorn should excel in meat and milk pro-
ducing capabilities combined.“
Mr. James Durno, Westertown, Aberdeenshire: ”The most essential
points of the Shorthorn are constitution, character, wealth of flesh, quality,
lightness of bone, strong loins, well- sprung ribs, and good hind quarters. A
bull having the above qualities can transmit them to his progeny when put
to a cross cow.“
Mr. B. Read, Church Farm, Cam, Dursley: ”My idea of a Shorthorn is
that it should have stately carriage, well laid shoulder blades, nicely covered
crop and loin, soft, mellow skin, with mossy hair, broad forehead, full and
expressive eye; flat and white horn; straight level top and underline. It
should have a robust constitution, which will show the points named above.“
Mr. James McWilliam, Garbity, Morayshire: ”The special points of the
Shorthorn areits suitability for any climate, its milking and beefing qualities,
early maturity, and its special value as an improving cross with any other
breed.“
17.1 Beef production

From the very outset the improved Shorthorn took up a position of pre-
eminence as a beef producer, which it has ever since maintained. Its fame
was won by its rapid feeding properties at a time when there was a keen
struggle between various breeds to supply an improved type that would meet
the growing requirements of the public. No doubt at first size was the main
consideration, though in sending round the country the Durham Ox and
The White Heifer that Travelled the object of the Collings was to arrest
attention to these as specimens of what the breed was capable of accom-
plishing, rather than as the sort of animals which they wished farmers to
keep and breed. Shorthorns of less imposing size and fatness were more
suitable for ordinary purposes, but for years before and after the Collings
the various breeds were recommended by the abnormal specimens they could
produce. Very soon quickness of growth and ripening, reduction of waste,
and finer bones and choicer quality were required, and the Shorthorn was
found not only to supply these requisites themselves, but to stamp them on
the inferior races with which they were crossed. In converting the herbage
of the farm into wholesome nutritious food for the increasing population of
the country the Shorthorn was unsurpassed, and when to this was added
the good milking properties of the cows, which soon made up when dry into
a thoroughly good carcase of beef, the claims of the breed received wide
recognition.
In an earlier chapter some of the weights of the celebrated specimens
of the breed towards the close of the eighteenth and the beginning of the
nineteenth centuries have been quoted, and need not be repeated. Of the
remarkable returns in beef at a subsequent period, but still comparatively
early in the history of the improved breed, a few instances may now be
given. Mr. Whitaker speaks of a barren heifer which, at four years old,
fetched 65 from a butcher. Mr. Hutchinson reports that the four quarters
of a twin heifer slaughtered on the day she became three years old weighed
70 stones of 14 lb. to the stone; that an ox three years old weighed, off the
pasture, without cover or cape, 95 stones; and that a bull in his fifth year,
which was put up to feed for four months only, weighed 122 stones, with 12
stones of loose fat. These few instances show the standard attained in the
early years of the last century. There has certainly been no falling off since.
Hundreds of steers are turned out yearly weighing from 6o to 70 stones of 14
lbs., before they are twenty-four months old, whilst very many are sold, ripe
fat, at remunerative rates, six to eight months younger than this. There are
several well authenticated instances of cows which have yielded above 90
stones of carcase, the breed being remarkable for the weights attained by its
females.
As regards the average live weight of selected specimens fattened for ex-
hibition, the figures in table 17.1 are taken from the records of the Smithfield
17.1. BEEF PRODUCTION 669
Club Show.
lbs.
Steers under two years old 1415
Steers under three years old 1835
Oxen over three years old 2250
Heifers under three years old 1735
Cows over three years old 1910
Table 17.1:
The average daily gain in live weight of Shorthorns exhibited at these

shows is shown in table 17.3
lbs.
Steers under two years old 1.93
Steers under three years old 1.67
Oxen over three years old 1.53
Heifers under three years old 1.58
Table 17.2:
It may be mentioned that the classes for steers over three years old and
for cows have been abolished, the age limit being now three years old and
under. The percentage of dressed carcase to live weight in the case of an
animal exhibited at the Smithfield Club show has been as high as 7375.
The breed is unsurpassed for crossing. It seems to suit every kind of
stock with which it is mated, and to carry improvement xvherever it goes.
It adapts itself readily to the greatest extremes of soil, climate, and man-
agement, making every country its home. This subject was dealt with in an
article contributed by Mr. James Macdonald to the 7ournal of the Royal
Agricultural Society (Vol. XIX., 1883), on Shorthorns in Scotland and Ire-
land, from which an extract follows:
No variety of cattle fits itself more easily and readily to vary-
ing conditions of life than the improved Short- horn. This un-
doubtedly is one of the most valuable attributes of the breed.
Without it Shorthorns would have made but little headway in
foreign countries, where they are now doing good work. In both
Scotland and Ireland they have thriven admirably, nearly as well,
indeed, in the cold dry climate of the north-east of Scotland, with
close house xvinter feeding, as in the mild, moist climate of the
South of Ireland, with daily field exercise all the year round. In
both countries there are numerous pure-bred herds of high in-
dividual merit, a few of them ranking among the finest in the
kingdom. The Aber- deenshire Shorthorn has attained a well-

recognised type somewhat deficient in high-class Shorthorn char-
acter perhaps, but, at the same time, broad, deep, well-fleshed,
and thoroughly useful. Then as to well-bred and well-cared-
for Irish Short- horns, who has not been struck by their rich,
soft, natural touch and beautiful, rank, glossy coat of hair, as
well as by their attractive character generally? But while the
breed reared in its purity has maintained a high character in
these countries, it cannot be doubted that in crossing with other
varieties of cattle it has achieved still more remarkable results.
Shorthorns have been crossed freely with all the local races and
sorts of cattle, and have everywhere and upon every sort effected
marked improvement. In all that adds value to cattle, improve-
ment has followed in the wake of the Shorthornin size, form,
quality, rapidity of growth, and aptitude to fatten at an early
age. Among the small, scraggy, old-fashioned Irish cows, Short-
horn bulls have produced results truly wonderful. Stock from
an ordinary Irish cow and a good Shorthorn bull will, it is esti-
mated, reach maturity at least a year sooner than unimproved
cattleat two and a half or three, instead of from three and a half
to four years old. Moreover, the cross, besides being far superior
in quality, will also show an increase in weight of from one to
one and a half hundredweight per head. It is certainly within
the mark to place the increase in the value of one-year-old Irish
cattle due to the use of Shorthorn bulls at from 2 to 3 a head on
an average. In many instances it has risen as high as 5, and in
few cases has it failed to reach 2that is, above the value of the
corresponding class got by native or cross-bred bulls. In Scot-
land, the experience of the breed has been equally satisfactory.
The stock of native coxvs in Scotland are, as a rule, larger and
finer than those of Ireland, and therefore the contrast between
the native cattle and the improved crosses has generally been
less marked in the former country than in the latter. In some
parts of Scotland, however, where the native cattle were small
and slow in growth, the transformation effected by Shorthorn
bulls has been quite as remarkable as in Ireland.
When the systematic improvement of the breed was commenced to-
wards the close of the eighteenth century, the consumption of meat by the
working classes was small. The taste among the wealthy, xvho frequently
had beef on their tables, was for the flesh of fully-matured animals, and the
industrial community had a preference for fat meat. Gradually the choice
grew for leaner meat and smaller joints, while farmers, in face of competition
from abroad, were compelled to have a more rapid turnover of their capi-
17.2. MILKING PROPERTIES 671
tal. The early maturity of the breed fitted it for these requirements, and
the more rapidly feeding sorts, which would ripen at an; earlier age, and
develop plenty of natural flesh, were produced to meet the altered require-
ments. The Shorthorn breed excelled in complying with the new demands,
as it had done under the older methods, and it is this adaptability to the
varying needs of producers and consumers alike that has helped to give it
the position to which it has attained.
All the good qualities of the breed for beef production and rapid feeding,
which have been so strikingly demonstrated at home have been as conspic-
uously displayed abroad, and, as has already been pointed out, the breed
has exercised a marvellous effect on the stock-growing industries of foreign
countries and the colonies, enabling their cattle to convert the herbage into
nutritious meat in the most economical manner.
17.2 Milking properties

The improved Shorthorn has achieved its predominant position by reason of
its remarkable combination of the properties of beef making and milk pro-
ducing. The impetus given to one or the other has sometimes obscured the
great merit of the race for dual purposes. In districts where beef production
has been the main object the milking properties have been, to some extent,
neglected; and, in the same way, where milk has been the chief purpose, the
flesh-producing qualities have not received so much attention. As a rule, the
foreign demand has been for heavy flesh, so that this type has always been
kept prominently in view. There can be little doubt, however, that even in
new countries milk will become of increasing importance as the population
grows. At home, it has been estimated by Mr. R. H. Rew, of the Board of
Agriculture, that the value of beef and veal sold annually off the farms in the
United Kingdom amounts to thirty-four and a half million pounds in money,
while the value of milk, butter, and cheese is put at about thirty-two and a
half million pounds, so that the revenue from the txvo classes of products
is not so largely in favour of beef as is sometimes supposed.
The original Teeswater cattle were very large in size and deep milkers,
but they wanted the capacity of early maturity. The early improvers turned
their attention to decreasing the size and getting them nearer the ground,
because they had, as the phrase goes, too much daylight under them. But
the main object was to endow them with the propensity to fatten rapidly,
so that the food they consumed would be quickly and profitably turned into
beef. It is too much the fashion or usage now to find fault with breeders of the
past and of recent times for their neglect of milk. They did not deliberately
neglect or despise it, but they were bound to compass the objects they had
in view for the improvement of the Tees- waters. If they paid very great
attention to milkif they regarded it as of primary importancethey would not
have achieved their ends in so short a time.

There were several breeders of high repute in early and more recent times
who rather boasted of the milking powers of some of their cows, showing
that they were very glad that these cows, improved as they were in shape,
retained their milking propensities. Among these was Mr. Thomas Bates.
Mr. Whitaker for nearly forty years maintained the dairy superiority of his
Shorthorns, which not only reared their own calves, but supplied the people
in his factory with milk. His famous bull Fairfax, one of the most shapely he
ever bred, was hired into Warwickshire, and became the sire of a Smithfield
gold medallist. Mr. Whitaker would not, however, use him at home, as he
did not consider his dam was a sufficiently good milker. Lord Ducie, too,
was anxious to preserve the milking qualifications of his herd, and was a
staunch opponent to overfeeding.
Sir Charles Knightley was another great supporter of milking Short-
horns, and his favourite strains came from Mr. Robert Collings blood. Like
so many good judges, he had a high ideal type of excellence to which he en-
deavoured to mould his herd. He was especially particular as to the nicely-
chiselled head, the kindly but prominent eye, and the neat, snug shoulders
well laid back, which he regarded as essential to a good Shorthorn. He would
not overlook the development and shape of the udder, those points so im-
portant to a dairyman. By in-and-in breeding and by the use of suitable
bulls, among which was the noted sire Earl of Dublin, of the Princess blood,
so long remarkable for milk, he cultivated and impressed on his several tribes
pre-eminent dairy qualities which many of them still retain, though crossed
with other strains. Mr. John C. Adkins, of Milcote, another strong admirer
of Robert Collings purest blood, rejoiced to point out the grand milkers
which were numbered among his cows of the Sweetheart and Charmer pedi-
grees. He would especially descant upon the merits of the Hon. Charles
Arbuthnots Syiph, who was an extraordinary milker. She could only with
some difficulty be got dry between her calvings, and she transmitted her
capabilities through generations to very many descendants. From these and
other such tribes, where reasonable pains have been systematically taken to
maintain milk, pedigree Shorthorn cows can be obtained which will compare
with any dairy stock. From such herds bulls can be selected which may be
trusted to beget vigorous, thriving animals, with propensity to early ma-
turity, good all round, and which will not detract from the dairy profits of
the herds with which they may be mated. Large herds in Westmor- land,
Cumberland, Lancashire, Gloucestershire, have been bred mainly for milk
for many years.
The inherent capacity of the Shorthorn for milk is very great, and deep
milkers have been often known in herds whose owners never bred for milk,
but chiefly for flesh and form. In Mr. Richard Booths herd at Warlaby there
were good milkers, though the wealth of flesh of that herd was quite excep-
tional. Teeswaters and Yorkshire Shorthorns were wont to be the cows most
17.3. NOTES ON YIELDS OF MILK 673
prized for town dairies. Their descendants, the big, roomy, large-uddered,
red, white and roan Shorthorns without registered pedigree, but carrying
their descent unmistakably in their appearance, are still the favourites in
town and country dairies. In the London and suburban cowsheds there are,
probably, four-fifths Shorthorns or Shorthorn crosses, brought chiefly from
the Midland and Northern counties. In the Liverpool and Manchester dairies
there is the same notable preponderance of coxvs of Shorthorn character.
In many of the best dairies around Edinburgh South- country Short-
horns, as they are called, are in the ascendant. In one well-managed estab-
lishment sixty out of the seventy cows were found, bome time ago, to be of
good, handsome Shorthorn stamp, and they averaged, at the height of the
season, five to six gallons per day.
The great predominance of Shorthorns and Shorthorn crosses in the dairy
herds throughout the kingdom is surely the best evidence of their fitness for
the purposes for which they are used. It may be further observed that since
the establishment of the important dairy shows the Shorthorn cows, both
those that are pure bred and those not eligible for Coatess Herd Book, have
been very successful in carrying off the leading prizes. The Shorthorn is, in
fact, clearly established as the general-purpose breed, combining, as it does,
the dual properties of early maturity and deep milking.
17.3 Notes on yields of milk

Some references to milk yields have already been given, and others may be
introduced here. Mr. Lakin, of Powyke, Worcestershire, who died about
i 848, is stated to have been an exceedingly careful observer, and a man
recognised as an authority among his neighbours. He reported that, after
many trials, he could find no cattle so profitable as milkers as the pedigree
Shorthorns. He published a return of the yield of milk in his dairy taken
over many years. From this it appeared that a cow called Strawberry (which
lived to be twenty-seven years old, and is registered in Coatess Herd Book)
gave an average of 1050 gallons a year for fifteen consecutive years. She
was sold to the butcher when twenty- seven years old, when she ceased to
breed. Her daughter, Star, gave an average yield of 8oo gallons for seven
years, whilst Stella had a record of 980 gallons per annum for five years, and
Norma gave 8 o gallons a year for three years. Another prime Shorthorn
cow of Mr. Lakins, named Novice, yielded 1040 gallons a year for five years.
A noted cow called Barforth, the property of Mr. Waistell, is reported by
Mr. Whitaker, of Burley, to have yielded 36 quarts of milk per day for two
consecutive weeks, from which was produced 16 pounds of butter (of 24
ounces to the pound) within the week. Red Duchess, of the tribe known as
Currys Duchess, the dam of a cow belonging to Hon. W. G. Hayter, gave
36 quarts of milk in the day the week previous to the sale in 1849. Mr. C.
J. Bates quotes the case of a Stamfordham cow giving 40 quarts; Mr. R.

Collings Bright Eyes, 36 quarts; 28 quarts from Duchess by Daisy Bull; and
32 quarts from Old Daisy. Chiltona, a cow the property of Mr. C. Mason,
of Chilton (one of his Portia tribe), is reported to have given 263 ounces
of butter within the week, and one of Mr. Bates Duchess tribe is said to
have given 294 ounces within the same time; xvhilst a cow of Mr. T. Booths
Christon tribe is credibly affirmed to have given four average pailfuls of milk
within the day. In I857, Mr. Thomas Willis gave an account of the produce
of his cow Eleanor (by Wilberforce 7380, dam Ellen by Ascoughs Symmetry
11,120). In 1851, when three years old, from one weeks cream, i8 lbs. of
butter (16 ounces to the pound). In 1855, when seven years old, from one
weeks cream, 21 lbs. 4 ozs. In 1857, when nine years old, from one weeks
cream, 24 lbs. 8 ozs. In the same year, the second week after calving, 24
lbs. 8 ozs.
Apart from the exceptional cases quoted above, it may be said that
instances of pure Shorthorn cows giving six to seven gallons of milk in the
day are by no means uncommon; nor are cases of animals which yield a large
daily flow from the time of one calving to the next without ever being dry
by any means rare.
The late Mr. E. C. Tisdall, of the Holland Park Dairy, Kensington, who
long cultivated a Shorthorn dairy herd, reported among the records of many
years experience, an average of 885 gallons apiece, yielded by twenty-five
cows of this breed during the ten or eleven months of the year when they were
in milk, and ten selected cows had yielded as much as 1200 gallons apiece in
the same time. the yield of butter by the Shorthorns has been exceeded by
other breeds but the returns of milk and butter together have not. There is a
record of a cow having produced i65o gallons of milk between May 20th, i888,
and April 7th, 1889, which is, of course, an exceptional quantity. The cows in
the Duke of West- minsters dairy herd gave an average yield, in 1890, of 714
gallons each. Others report yields over the whole herd of 885 gallons, and
single cows have given 1050 gallons annually for several consecutive years.
At the London Dairy Show, for ten years the milk produced by Shorthorns
averaged 4313 lbs. per day, and the total solids showing a percentage of
1287, of xvhich 373 was fat, and 914 other solids. Taking a later period of
five years the averages are :-age six years and one month, days in milk 42 8,
daily milk yields 492 lbs., fat 391 per cent., solids other than fat 908 per
cent., total solids 1299 per cent. The breed standard of the British Dairy
Farmers Association for Shorthorns is 85oo lbs. of milk, and pure butter fat
per diem 125 lb. The Dutch alone is put equal to this as regards quantity
of milk, and with respect to other fat, the Shorthorn has the same weight
assigned as the Jersey and Guernsey, the Dutch being put at i 00 lb.
In recent years, careful records have been kept of the milk yields in a
number of Shorthorn herds. Lord Rothschilds herd, at Tring Park, is a note-
worthy example, the statistics being published annually by Mr. Richardson
17.3. NOTES ON YIELDS OF MILK 675
Carr, the agent. Several cows in the herd have records of over 10,000 lbs.
of milk per annum. The average yield in a herd of 38 cows for the year
ending September 30, 1905, was 7031 lbs. per annum. Decentia 24th, 371
days in milk, gave 10,069 lbs. For 57 cows in the year ending September 29,
1906, the average was 6706 lbs. per annum. Wild Queen ioth, 364 days in
milk, gave Io,oz lbs. Darlington Cranford 3rd, in the herd eight years, gave
a total of 60,524 lbs., or an average of 7565 lbs. per annum. Darlington
Cranford 5th, in the herd six years, gave a total of 59,921 lbs., or an average
of 9986 , lbs. per annum. Lady Rosedale, in the herd eight years, gave a
total of 69,018 lbs., or an average of 8638 lbs. per annum. Moppy Gem 5th,
in the herd six years, gave a total of 45,557 lbs., or an average of 7592jj lbs.
per annum. Olivette Ingram, in the herd six years, gave a total of 47,410
lbs., or an average of 7901 lbs. per annum. Reverend 4th, in the herd nine
years, gave a total of 82,575 lbs., or an average of 9175 lbs. per annum.
In Mr. C. R. W. Adeanes herd, at Babraham, Cambridge, there are a
number of very heavy milkers. The following are some of the records :Lucy
has been in the herd for seven years, her average milk yield per year is 7533k
lbs., and her maximum yield in one year 8507 lbs. This cow was calved in
1892, and did not come into the Babraham herd until she xvas eight years
old. The foregoing results are since 1900. Oxford Ada gave from December
26, 1902, to February 12, 1904, 884 gallons of milk, from May 24, 1905,
to April 21, 1906, 7442 lbs. of milk, and from July i8, 1906, to July i ,
1907,10,200 lbs. of milk. Beryl gave from December 30,1902, to January 14,
1904, 836 gallons of milk, 8436 lbs. of milk in J905, and I0,J43 lbs. with
Mr third calf. Lady Crystal Bates gave 5652 lbs. of milk with her first calf,
6874 lbs. of milk with her second calf, 8845k lbs. of milk with her third
calf. Priceless Princess gave 85o lbs. of milk with her first calf, and she
gave with her second calf, from June 30, 1906, to March 6,1907, 9886k lbs.
Princess Raglan was in the herd four years, her average milk yield per year
was 75714 lbs. Jessamine gave 7338 , lbs. of milk with her first calf. Darling
6th has been in the herd six years, her average milk yield per year is 688i
lbs., and her maximum yield in one year is 7738 lbs. Darling was calved
in 1893, and did not come into the herd until she was eight years old. Her
record is from 1901. Clarissima 2nd gave 74741bs. of milk in 1906. Norah
6th gave 7765 lbs. of milk in 1898. Here also the milk records are carefully
kept. The herd is managed with a view to the production of a large annual
return of milk, combined with adaptability of the cows to fatten quickly
when they are discarded from the dairy.
In Mr. George Taylor’s Bates herd at Cranford, Middlesex, five or six
gallons a day are given by a number of the cows, and many have records
of 10,000 lbs. and over in the year. The cow Melody yielded 12,320 lbs.
This cow won first and champion prizes at the London Dairy Show in 1905,
and first in the milking competition in 1907. Her total yield of milk during
the two days at the show in 1905 was I 122 lbs., this being given 105 days
after calving. In the Shorthorn butter test she gave 2 lbs. o oz. of butter.
Princess gave 10,420 lbs. of milk in 1906, and another cow gave 12,000 lbs.
in 1905. The cow Lady Somerset Waterloo yielded 1102 gallons in 1902, and
1Q74 gallons in 1903. In Mr. J. T. Hobbs herd at Maiseyhampton some
of the cows gave up to 8718 lbs. in 280 days. In Mr. C. A. Scott Murrays
herd at Hambleden some of the yields of the cows have been 7040 lbs., 73S6
lbs., 7338 lbs., and 7i67 lbs. in the year. One cow gave 11,444 lbs. Mr. C.
E. Wodehouse, Woolmers, Herts., has been very successful at the London
Dairy Show and at others with his Shorthorns. His cow Joyous was first at
the Dairy Show in 1904, and Coronet roth was first and won the special at
the Royal in the same year.
17.4 Dairy Shorthorns (Coates’s Herd Book) As-

sociation
Reference is made subsequently to the efforts for recognition and encour-
agement of the milking properties at the shoxvs. These resulted in the
starting of a Prize Fund for dairy Shorthorns, an active part in the move-
ment having been taken by Mr. R. Stratton. Subsequently prizes for milking
Shorthorns were given by the Shorthorn Society, commencing in 1901. The
movement, however, lacked definiteness of aim, and no arrangements were
made as to the selection of judges or the due consideration of milking type,
but during the last txvo years this has been remedied and the prizes are now
awarded on the same lines as those given by the Dairy Short- horn (Coatess
Herd Book) Association, which was formed in 1905. The following circular
will show the aims of this Association and the measures adopted to give
effect to them
The Council of this Association have decided to offer at your

Societys show, with a view to encourage the breeding of milking
Shorthorns, a prize of io as a first prize in a special class for pedi-
gree Shorthorn dairy cows in milk, on the date to which entries
for your show are calculated, on condition that your Society will
offer in such class a second prize of s, and subject to the following
conditions : This prize is to be offered in a special extra class for
pedigree Short- horn dairy coxvs in milk, on the date to which
entries for the show are calculated, eligible for, and entered in
Coatess Herd Book, or pedigree sent for such entry previous to
the show. Such cows to be clean milked at six oclock on the
evening previous to the first day of the show to the satisfaction
of the stewards, and to be milked in the ring on the first morning
of the show, in the presence of the judge, who shall see the milk
weighed, and any cow that does not yield up to the following
17.4. DAIRY SHORTHORNS (COATES’S HERD BOOK) ASSOCIATION677
standard shall not be awarded a prize No animal having once
If she has If she has

calved within calved more
three calendar than three cal-
months of the endar months
first day of the before the first
show. day of the
show.
Cows, 4 years and upwards, 25 lbs. of milk 20 lbs. of milk
not less than
Cows, 3 years old and under 4, 20 lbs. of milk 15 lbs. of milk
not less than
Heifers, under 3 years old, not 15 lbs. of milk 10 lbs. of milk
less than
Table 17.3:
taken one of lhese prizes is eligible to compete again the same

year.
Any cows or heifers, that compete for these prizes, which
yield the stipulated quantity of milk, when milked in the ring in
the presence of the judge, whether they obtain a prize or not,
will be awarded a certificate of merit, on condition that all appli-
cations for such certificates must be made through the secretary
of the show at which such cows or heifers were exhibited, and
that the exact weight of milk, as certified by the judge, must be
notified to the Secretary of the Dairy Shorthorn (Coatess Herd
Book) Association at the time such application is made. Soci-
eties must agree to select one of the gentlemen from the list to
judge any classes to which the Dairy Shorthorn (Coatess Herd
Book) Association contributes prize money. (A list of judges rec-
ommended by the Asso- ciation followed.) Judges, in awarding
the prizes, are asked to pay great regard to the size, shape, and
general appearance of the udder, both before and after milking,
as the prizes are only intended for animals suitable for dairy
purposes.
Mr. F. N. Webb, Babraham, Cambs., is the Hon. Secretary of the Dairy

Shorthorn (Coatess Herd Book) Association.
17.5 The plan of pedigrees

Opinions have been often expressed that the present mode of recording pedi-
grees through the female line has put a fictitious value on certain pedigrees.
Examples have been quoted as early as the Kirklevington sale of Mr. Batess
herd, when Duchess and Wild Eyes heifers, each of which had nearly the
same blood, owing to their having three crosses in succession of the same
sires on the top of their pedigrees, made such very different prices.
It has been held that if you take two cows and give them the same sires
through three generations, the produce of each will have seven-eighths of
common blood, the plan in such a calculation being to estimate the blood of
an animal as consisting of sixty-four parts. Why, then, it is asked, should
there be such a difference in price ? If it be said to lie in the one-eighth of
outside or different blood, the fact is pointed out that the same proportion,
and even more, introduced through the sire of such animals of fashionable
pedigree has, on the average, far less effect in depressing prices.
Apart from particular cases, and putting to any breeder the question
whether, from a sellers point of view, he would rather have an outcross on
a choice line appear among the sires, or in the line of dams, there will be
little doubt as to the answer. This would appear to show that rather loose
notions have prevailed in some quarters as to the real value and influence of
the respective parts in the constitution of a pedigree.
It appears, therefore, that unless clearly uDderstood and duly weighed,
the present plan of recording pedigree may be open to some objection. It
would seem that people are sometimes apt to rest satisfied with the infor-
mation which is presented to them on the face of a pedigree put together
in the regulation form,
The impression conveyed by the plan and manner of Shorthorn pedigrees
is often erroneous, except to those who are well initiated and have studied
the question with the light of experience. In a pedigree of, say, ten crosses,
as in shorter pedigrees, one half of the animals blood, on the calculation
mentioned above, is represented by the last cross, inasmuch as an animal is
composed of sire and dam, including all the antecedents of each; and the
sire is entered at the upper end of the printed genealogy. The entire of the
family of dams is given, but only one of the family of males. The ordinary
pattern of a pedigree is, accordingly, apt to establish in the mind of the
reader of it a conviction which is partial and not comprehensive.
For example, a man buys a coxv whose female predecessors were of the
Booth sort. He puts her to a Bates bull, and regards the offspring as almost
a Booth animal. Another breeder purchases a Bates cow, puts her to a
Booth sire, and rates the produce as virtually almost all Bates, the Bates
sires so predominating in paper or printed pedigree.
An example may be given in the pedigree of a bull bred by Mr. Torr,
and used at Warlaby. Water King 11,024 by Baron Warlaby 7813, dam by
17.5. THE PLAN OF PEDIGREES 679
Fourth Duke of Northumber- land 3649, granddam by Norfolk 2377, great

granddam by Waterloo 2816, great great granddam by Waterloo 2816.
This bull, though seeming from the above pedigree to be very greatly a
Bates animal, was, in reality, one compounded of equal proportions of Booth
and Bates blood. If the sire and dam were seen standing together, this truth
would be at once apparent.
The system of calculation which gives such intense power and value to
recent crosses can scarcely be accepted in its entirety, because under it, or
in obedience to it, crosses at all remote in a pedigree would count for but
little. Crosses remotely removed would virtually count for nothing, perhaps
for one hundred and twentieth part of the animals blood, and could not
exercise an influence of appreciable value at the present day.
As against this, on the other hand, there is no eminent breeder who
will not assure us that he has sometimes detected resemblance in an animal
to a very distant ancestor, much more evident than any similarity exist-
ing between that animal and the nearest of his or her predecessors. The
principle of atavism asserts itself, and qualities are inherited from long past
generations, and become distinctly manifested.
An examination of the history and antecedents of animals on both sides
of their pedigree is an agreeable and profitable investigation, and may well
be recommended to those who interest themselves in Shorthorn breeding.
An important point in connection with some great tribes of ancient de-
scent is that they appear to possess that valuable feature of continuity of
influence in the female line, thus proving the value of old and illustrious
lineage. While it may be unwise to overestimate the proportionate value
of any one dam by herself, there is no doubt that a powerful continuity of
influence arises in cases where a family has been carefully bred for a long
period by an able breeder, who always kept in view his favourite type, and
successfully bred up to it.
The merit of such a family is not accidental ; it has been attained after
years of successful labour, and the result of this labour has been the estab-
lishment of a firmly fixed type, and of good qualities, which are transmitted
to posterity. Such a tribe has been bred in continued excellence for many
years, and its members have acquired and kept their good qualities through
many successive generations. Hence an outcross of an ordinary sire will not
alter the appearance and type of the offspring of the female members of
a tribe which has been thus long and judiciously bred up to an admired
type; and accordingly the arithmetical formula as to the power of the sire
will not hold good, as his influence may, perhaps, be scarcely appreciable.
One does not, of course, expect that this power of continued influence in
the female line can last for all time, or even for a very prolonged time, but
we have seen it last for a very considerable period, for many generations.
The Gwynnes, of the famous Princess blood, furnished an illustration of the
point under discussion. The style and characteristics of that noted tribe
have been always easily recognisable.

The Kirklevingtons, afterxvards sometimes named Sidding- tons, have
been seen in several herds. The same thing may be said of them as the
Gwynnes, and they, too, were very full of Princess blood. They were in the
herds of Mr. Bowly, of Siddington, and other breeders. Years after several
of them were found in Lord Bectives herd, at LTnderley, and they were very
like those formerly seen at Siddington. They had the same beautiful heads
and general contour, the well-rounded ribs and elegant character which have
distinguished their tribe. The Fannies, well known for so many years in Mr.
J.G. Groves herd, in co. Donegal, have given further illustration of influential
capacity in the remale line. They were easily known anywhere, preserving,
as they did, their extraordinary grace, symmetry, and quality.
Another example of retained influence in the female line may be men-
tioned, and it is this: That the females of certain tribes have a distinct habit
of breeding one sex in excess, let the sires to xvhich they are put differ as
they may.
In the pages preceding we reproduce in tabulated form the - extended
pedigrees of three Shorthorn bullsFourth Duke of York 10,167, bred by T.
Bates; Mountain Chief 20,383, bred by R. Booth; and Gondomar 55,821,
bred by A. Cruickshank. These will show the form in which a pedigree can
be drawn up to indicate the blood constituents, and also the plan of breeding
adopted by the three great breeders named. The animals selected are the
same as those extended by Mr. Robert Bruce in his paper on Shorthorns in
the Journal of the Depart- ment of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for
Ireland (No. 3, March, 1903). They were chosen to show that at one stage
all three breeders worked practically on similar lines, and in each a young
bull was selected that had been in service when the management passed into
other hands.
17.6 Confirmation and quality of Shorthorns

To the amateur breeder it is good advice to say Learn your subject. This
admonition is required because it is proverbially the case that each breeder
has measurably set up a standard of his own. The show ring, according to
our present mode of procedure, is by most people regarded as the highest and
final test of excellence, though some breeders affect to despise its honours.
Leading men have long since systematised their movements and adopted
certain standards for their guidance; still there is always, in showing, a
glorious uncertainty, for different judges hold diverse views. It was the
splendid function of a few great men in early days to bring Shorthorns
from a rough state to a high degree of excellence in form and quality. Every
breeder of note forms the peculiar type in his own herd as machinists fashion
their handiwork.
17.6. CONFIRMATION AND QUALITY OF SHORTHORNS 681
The laws and rules which govern the construction of machinery are, in a
measure, fixed and arbitrary, until a better way is found out and adopted.
The principles are simple, though the parts are complicated. The object is
to evolve fine fabrics and fashion high wrought things from crude fibre and
ores. So of the Shorthorn. He is merely a machine for converting crude
grain or grass into bone, muscle, adipose tissue, and hair, and the whole
secret of excellence the superiority of one beast over anotherconsists in his
ability to convert the most crude food in a given time into the finest quality
of the tissues named. It is necessary so to distribute these as to give us a
roomy frame of bone, in the parts where we want room for the vital organs,
and for the choicest cuts, and thick, fleshy, well-marbled roasts, and broad,
well-marbled steaks, in the parts where the best fibre is produced. Such a
conformation should be secured as will answer these ends as effectively as
the engine is expected to generate steam through the consumption of fuel
in the furnace.
The animal with a broad face and great depth from the point of union of
the head with the first cervical vertebra has larger masseter muscles than the
beast with a narrow head, and through this conformation possesses greater
leverage power in masticating food. The short, broad head of the panther
gives him immense power in his jaws, enabling him to crush and masticate
the bones of his prey. So when we scrutinise a Shorthorn, and express our
gratification if it carries a short, broad head and a fine muzzle, the thought
of a good feeder comes into the mind when we find this sort of a head.
We can rest assured that this is not a matter of fancy, but that the animal
with this kind of head will utilise coarse food as rapidly and as perfectly as
a narrow, long-headed cow will assimilate tender meat. Thus our fancy is
gratified by a conformation which, when put to the test, proves itself the
best machine for turning the produce of the farm into beef.
Carrying out the ideas already advanced, the conformation of the trunk
of the cow is a subject worthy of very careful consideration.
The bony frame is of secondary importance, the vital organs within being
of the first importance, and the size and vigour of these, if accompanied by a
liberal distribution of cellular tissue throughout the system, ensures a rapid
con- version of food into nutritive particles and the deposition of these in
the various tissues. Large lungs, a large heart, stomach, and liver give size
and rotundity to the trunk and width to the bosom. A large stomach is of
the utmost importance, because furnishing a larger surface. From this the
gastric juice issues; and when we consider the inner surface of the stomach
and the air cells of the lungs, we must prize an extended surface in those
organs as we do a large surface in a steam boiler if we expect great results.
Two of the worst faults in the construction of a Shorthorn are the follow-
ing, viz, the ribs starting from the spine in a downward direction, giving a
wedge shape to the upper third of the chest; the other is a long rib deficient
at the lower end, causing a curve upwards in the lower line immediately back
of the fore-legs. We doubt if any other two defects are so hard to breed out
as these, if, perhaps, we may except downright bad shoulders. A drooping
rump or low carriage forward may be brought right in two crosses, so that
with after care they may disappear in the future produce; but the defects
in the narrow chest and flat ribs and bad fore-flanks depend upon deficient
vital organs within. It is difficult even by several well-advised crosses to
plant large vital organs in the offspring where deficient in the parents.
The reorganisation and enlargement of the heart, lungs, stomach, and
liver require many discreet crosses to accomplish. These are the seat of fam-
ily peculiarities. The innate vigour of one family, and the manifest consti-
tutional weakness of another, can be traced to these organs, and the strong
likenesses traceable to these parts cannot easily be effaced. Passing from
the chest backward, attention must be called to the importance of the short
ribs being of good length, and standing out horizontally from the spine,
forming a level plane forward of the hips. This broad level loin generally
accompanies a round, deep chest, and is a point of excellence which should
always be sought. The hind quarter, that holds its width well back, carries
a large amount of prime meat not represented in the quarter that narrows
in rapidity from the hips back.
The contour of the animal, to be pleasing to a critic, must present a
smooth surface, and this is secured by the framework we have described and
an even distribution of muscular tissue over the surface. In other words,
a perfect contour depends upon a symmetrically organised frame, with the
fleshy parts so distributed and packed in as to make it difficult to tell where
one portion of the carcase ceases, and the next begins. This is the goal to
be aimed at, and when reached the breeder who produces such an animal
may be sure he has succeeded in the accomplishment of a valuable and
meritorious task.
The last point to be referred to here is quality in the Shorthorn. No
intelligent breeder loses sight of the important nature of the texture of those
parts of the animal which are consumed as human food.
Throughout the system, under the skin, between the muscles and under
the fibres of these, there is distributed what is termed cellular tissue. As its
name implies, this is made up of cells, and in these cells the accumulation of
adipose matter is deposited. The extent to which this tissue is found varies
very much in different animals. Where abundant and associated with strong
digestion, active absorbents, and a well-formed carcase, flesh is taken on very
rapidly, and if, with these combinations, the skin be pliable and soft, the
animal will almost invariably handle mellow and possess that understratum
which indicates real quality.
Handling, as it is generally termed, is regarded by every practical man,
including the ordinary grazier of store beasts, as of immense importance,
because it clearly indicates that the animals so clothed will to a certainty
prove good thrivers and economically turn the food consumed into beef.
17.7. LINCOLNSHIRE RED SHORTHORN CATTLE 683
Charles Colling placed very high value upon the bull Hubback because of
his mellow handling, and Mr. Thomas Bates and all others of the illustrious
pioneers took the same view as the genius who lived on the rising ground at
Ketton.
17.7 Lincolnshire Red Shorthorn cattle

The county of Lincoln has alxvays possessed a race of cattle of Shorthorn
type that has attracted considerable notice. Culley, it will be seen, referred
to this branch of the Shorthorn and mentioned its improvement. Arthur
Young, in his xvorks, refers to Thomas Turnell, Beasley, Wragby, who,
before the beginning of the nineteenth century, owned a herd of cattle of
medium size, which originally came from the neighbourhood of Darlington.
The Turnell Reds were for many years very famous, and other early breed-
ers were Baumber, of Somersby; Cartwright, of Tathwell; Olmer, of Eresby;
and Lord Wil- loughby, of Eresby. At Charles Collings sale in i8 o, three
of the improved Shorthorn bulls were purchased for Lincoinshire, and these
effected a considerable improvement in the breed. Adhering to the county
type and the deep cherry-red colour, the breeders and farmers, introduc-
ing bulls of the registered breed when necessary, cultivated a sort which is
now very widely bred throughout the county. In a number of cases Short-
horn bulls registered in Coatess Herd Book have been used. In 1895 the
Lincolnshire Red Shorthorn Association was established, and a separate
register for the breed has since been published. The preface to Volume I.
of the register states that the Lincolnshire type of Shorthorn is noxv distin-
guished by early maturity, hardiness, capacity for milk, and great weight of
carcase: eight to ten cwts. being usual weights for grass-fed three-year-old
bullocks, and up to twenty-four cwts. for the full- fed cattle. The breed
has recently taken high rank in open competitions for milking, the most
successful exhibitor of these fine milking cows having been Mr. John Evens,
Burton, Lincoln. The continuity of some herds may be traced over a hun-
dred years; other herds of late origin were founded upon selections from the
best old stocks in the county. Other leading breeders of Lincolnshire Red
Shorthorn cattle at the present day are Mr. G. E. Sandars, Scampton House,
Lincoln,; Mr. J. G. Williams, Pendley Manor, Tring; Mr. E. H. Cartwright,
Keddington Grange, Louth; Mr. R. Chatterton, Stenigot, Lincoln; Mr. W.
J. Atkinson, Weston St. Mary, Spalding; Mr. G. Marris, 3C Kirmington
House, Brocklesby; Mr. G. Freir, Deeping St. Nicholas, Spalding; Messrs.
J. and W. Dickinson? Warlaby, Lincoln; Lord Heneage, Hainton Hall; Hon.
G. B. Portman, Healing Manor; Mr. G. J. Brown, Totteby House, Alford;
Messrs. J. W. Farrow and Sons, Strubby Manor, Alford; Mr. J.Mason,
Calceby Manor; Mr. W. B. Swallow, Wootton Lawn, Ulceby; Mr. Reuben
Roberts, Horncastle; Mr. W. Chatterton, Hallington, Louth; Mr. J. W.
Measures, Dunsby; Mr. J. Searby, Croft; and Mr. B. Simons, Willoughby

Grange, Alford.
17.8 Polled Durhams

In the United States a breed of polled cattle of the Short- horn type, with the
exception of the polled head, has been developed to meet the requirements of
shippers and consignors of large numbers of live cattle by rail and road. One
branch of this breed, which is known as Polled Durhams, is of pure blood. In
this case the hornless character appeared, without a hornless cross, in three
families all descended from stock purchased in England and of long lines,
tracing back to very early sources, one to perhaps the oldest of all recorded
English cows. This is descended from a Gwynne of the Princess tribe, the
direct ancestress being Medora by Mr. Eastwoods Horatio 10,335. Another
is descended from White Rose, a British-bred cow exported to America, got
by Mr. Hales Publicola 1348 (calved in 1823), and the third traces to Young
Phyllis, bred by the Earl of Carlisle in 1831. These three Polled Durham
families are eligible for registration in the American Shorthorn Herd Book
and the Polled Durham Herd Book in the section for double standard cattle.
The other Polled Durhams are from native muley cows crossed with pure
Shorthorn bulls. The American Polled Durham Breeders Association was
incorporated in November, 1890, the first volume of the Herd Book having
been issued in 1894.
17.9 Dexter Shorthorns

At Straffan, Kildare, in i 86o, the Dexter Shorthorns were originated by
Major Barton, who put a Dexter heifer to a pedigree Shorthorn bull. It
is mentioned by Professor Wallace in Farm Live Stock, that for many years
the male calves were castrated, and a short-legged compact Shorthorn sire
was used. About thirty-five years after the commencement of the exper-
iment Shorthorn bulls were discontinued, and the progeny of the crosses
were mated together with successful results. The cows are good milkers,
and while the size is that of the Dexter, the substance and tendency to beef
production are those of the Shorthorn.
Chapter 18
Systems of management
The success of a Shorthorn herd depends very much upon its management.
Different systems must necessarily prevail in places widely apart in the var-
ious districts of Great Britain and Ireland, as well as in the colonies and
in foreign countries. In some herds it is arranged that the coxvs shall drop
their calves from the 1st of January on through the spring till May, but
in others calving goes on all through the year, the owners observing that
calves are very welcome at any time. The management of a herd must, of
course, be in accord with the objects which its owner has in view. With
some breeders the dairy is a leading feature, and milk is largely sold, while
in herds of high pretensions and first-rate breeding, the milk is given abun-
dantly to the calves; they have all they want. In these cases the profits
are obtained almost entirely from the sale of the animals reared. Nowadays
there is a strong desire to have the beef-making qualities combined xvith
good milking powers, and this can be obtained by selection and by suitable
management.
The beginner will, after due inquiry and inspection of the leading types
of Shorthorns, make his selection of the strains of blood which he deems it
best for him to adopt. Having secured some females, he will then address
himself to the important task of obtaining a sire with which they can be
suitably mated. In this matter the utmost care must be exercised, since
so much depends upon it. Some one has said that a bull is half a herd a
good sire will make its reputation, while a bad one will ruin its prospects.
Good sound pedigree and personal merit must be combined in the animal
selected. The Nestor of Shorthorns, the late Mr. XV. Wetherell, used to
say that great constitution was, with him, a leading point, but he did not
admire bulls of very great size. Some breeders have been so fortunate as
to use sires which never got a bad one, such was their power of impressing
their own excellence upon the offspring.
After the new herd has been got together, the calves xviii in due time
begin to arrive, and then it will be interesting to see, day by day, the de-
685
686 CHAPTER 18. SYSTEMS OF MANAGEMENT
velopment of the young animals, and to note the success which may attend
upon the breeders efforts. He will see that often like will produce like,
but yet there will also be variety. The produce may sometimes be hand-
somer than their parents, sometimes otherwise. Failures and misfits may, of
course, occasionally arise, and they will act as a warning, and xviii educate
the breeder. He will closely examine into the causes of failure in particular
instances, and will glean information which will be valuable as a guide to
his later proceedings. From good animals calves will sometimes be plain,
but they very often grow better in a singular manner with age, and points
which xvere defective gradually become so improved, so filled out, that they
cease to be faults.
When his herd is established and has increased in numbers, the owner
may probably desire that the results of his judgment and skill as a breeder
should be brought before the public, and he will look forward with longing
to the time when the winning rosettes shall adorn some of his animals in
the show yards. What may be termed a mild excitement will thus be added
to the pursuit of breeding. Information must be got as to the best means
of training the best-shaped calves for exhibition. An intelligent herdsman is
valuable, because constant care and xvatching and a knowledge of the art of
feeding are necessary if an animal is to have a chance of winning at a Royal
or other important show; flesh must be put up abundantly and evenly, and
the coat must be carefully kept on, no easy matter when high feeding is the
order of the day.
All animals which are being run on for the shows cannot be treated in the
same way; the system of feeding which would suit one might disagree with
another, and here judgment acquired by experience will guide the feeder.
In forcing young animals their natural food, new milk, is safer than any
other. Some use treacle, and oil of linseed is often given to improve the
handling, but these things, if at all overdone, are injurious to the stock.
Malt is often used with advantage. The experience in training for shows
which is necessary to success will soon be gained, and the breeder may have
the pleasure of seeing his favourites going on a victorious ramble from one
show to another, thus making him a reputation and increasing the value of
his herd.
In a show ring carriage and style will count, and it is therefore necessary
to teach the aspirants for honours to move gaily, and to hold up their heads
as if right conscious of their lineage.
A few general rules may be laid down as applicable to management
under all conditions. The laws of life and health must be carefully observed;
the tempers, dispositions, habits, and constitutions of animals individually
studied; sources of danger sought for and removed; forethought exercised on
all points, so that provision is made for every event likely to occur, and, still
better, for more remote possibilities also. Thus, the importance of light,
pure air and pure water will be impressed upon the mind of the intelligent
18.1. PRACTICE OF BREEDERS 687
and attentive manager, and recognised in his system. The vitalising power
of direct sunlight will not be forgotten, either in its effects in stimulating
the growth and thriving of stock, or in its restorative influence in cases of
sickliness. The ventilation of buildings, whilst thorough, will be regulated,
to the exclusion of injurious draughts upon the animals, whereby chills are
received, and those chills may prove to be the beginning of serious maladies.
The drainage of yards and buildings, the removal of all matter, solid or
liquid, and the cleanliness of the skin and hair of every animal will be looked
after by the efficient manager. The appetite of each animal will be watched
as far as may be practicable, both with a view to the treatment of that
particular animal for profit or to detect any approaching illness. For the
latter reason, too, the eyes, ears, noses, and coats of hair of the herd will
be under quick-sighted observation (without, in a practised manager, the
necessity of examining each animal singly, all over, each day), that a dull
eye, an ear hanging back and cold to the touch (the root of the horn being
also cold in most cases), a dewless muzzle or prickly hair, may give timely
warning of something amiss, and the ailing animal be put under proper
treatment at once. Delays are often dangerous. The least lameness also in
any one of the herd will be detected at a glance by the eye used to take in
everything on seeing a herd. There is nothing more certain in regard to the
management of stock than that disturbance and discomfort interrupt the
processes upon which profit depends. Whether it be flesh- making or milk,
growth of frame or healthy and profitable pregnancy, contentment, a feeling
of comfort and satisfaction, is half the battle.
18.1 Practice of breeders

Several breeders have favoured us with notes on management. It was asked
that these should be in the form of replies to the following queries
1. Please give an outline of the general management of your herd in sum-

mer and winter. Give particulars of the feeding and management of
cows, quantity of food given, etc. The feeding and management of
bulls. Describe the system of rearing calves. The feeding and manage-
ment of young stock.
2. Give any facts or experiments regarding the feeding properties of the

breed, or of animals crossed with it.
3. Any facts or experiments as to the milking properties of the breed. If

youkeep milk records, the averages or results as to the yield for the
year might be stated.
4. Describe the treatment of animals fattened for the butcher; how are
they fed? What weight do they usually attain?
5. Any specific facts showing the longevity of the breed; the age to which
cows have continued to breed. The age to which bulls have continued
to be fruitful.
6. Any facts tending to show the improvement of the breed, more partic-
ularly as beef producers at an early age. Alsothe quality and value of
the young beef to the butcher compared with the prices for old cows
or foreign meat.
Lord Polwarth, Mertoun House, St. Boswells, writes:
As regards the general management of my herd, there is noth-
ing peculiar. Turnips, straw, or hay in winter form the staple
food, and, if the turnips fail, a simple mash. Young stock are not
forced hard, and calves suckle their dams, and get meal or cake
as they grow up. My pastures for the herd are all old grass, and
the herd is thus at a disadvantage, the Leicester sheep requiring
the young grass. My young stock are not so far advanced as if on
young grass. The cows and calves are out all summer, and cows
are out daily in winter. I turn from this to your other query as
to breeding. Experience, and conviction, lead me to think that
one cause of delicacy is the breeding from immature sires, even
more than from old ones, though in either case a few calves may
safely be got. I am aware that young sires produce more calves
and, under judicious management, no doubt this succeeds; but
nature leads one to deem that strong, mature, healthy sires are
most likely to breed strongest progeny. The same, of course,
applies to some extent with the other sex. As to the choice
of sires, I cannot but think that less attention is paid now to
the character of the parents, and too exclusive confidence placed
in the individual animal. The large conglomerate assemblage of
bulls at the public sales does not afford the opportunity of deeper
scrutiny. Certainly the early breeders made most careful enquiry
into antecedents, as well as to individual excellence. That too
much reliance was placed on paper pedigree cannot be denied,
but the pendulum has swung rather too far the other way. All
the same, registry is of little avail if there is no knowledge of the
characteristics of the animals registered.
Mr. Alfred E. W. Darby, Little Ness, Shrewsbury, says
With regard to the management of my Shorthorn herd, the
cows, during the winter months, go out every day, the length
of time depending upon the weather; they are fed morning and
evening, getting at each meal about ten pounds of pulped roots
and chop, some long hay, and those in milk two pounds of dried
grains and two pounds of cake, in addition. In summer they only

get grass, except in the case of very heavy milkers, when a little
cake is given. My stud bulls are kept in boxes, though they have
regular exercise; they only get hay and water, and in summer
some green food, as I find the tendency is to lay on too much
flesh. The young bulls, when over five or six months old,get seven
or eight pounds of cake and some crushed oats and meal, and
about four gallons of gruel made from cake and calf meal, also
hay. Some two-year-old in-calf heifers were out all last winter,
only having some hay; notwithstanding xvhich they have kept
their condition well. Some yearlings xvere also out, but had a
shed to run in, and in addition to hay, had four pounds of pulp
and chop, and three pounds of cake. The calves in nearly every
case suckle their dams, but are taught, when young, to drink
from a bucket, gruel made from calf meal with a little milk, which
is desirable in case extra milk is required for the dairy, and in
the case of young bull calves, which require more pushing than
their dams, milk alone will do. The calves are also given some
crushed oats and mixed meal as soon as they will take to it. No
milk records are kept, but the best milkers give from four to five
gallons a day when newly calved. No animals are specially fed for
the butcher, the old barren cows being generally fat enough on
grass, with perhaps a little cake the last few weeks. Any young
stock which do not promise to be up to the mark are got rid of
early. Some of my cows have bred regularly till they were turned
twelve years old, but the majority do not go on so long. I cannot
give an opinion about the age to which bulls continue fruitful,
as I have never kept one over seven-and-a-half years, having sold
or drafted them from various causes.
Mr. C. Morgan Richardson, Morgenau, furnishes us with the following
account of the management of his herd
The land I am now farming is nearly all under grass, and I
am obliged to manage my herd accordingly. The cows and all
the young stock lie out for the greater part of the year, and the
yearling and two-year-old heifers are kept on the pastures all the
year through. The coxvs are brought in about Novem ber ioth,
and are turned out for the first time by night about April ioth.
The dates depend, of course, upon the season. I have kept them
out until December 14th, and I have once been able to turn them
out as early as March 17th. The drawbacks of the system are
that the cattle poach the fields in the winter months, the climate
being a wet one and the subsoil clay, but the advantages are that
the animals, leading the natural life, breed more regularly, and
are less liable, as I imagine, to tubercular affection than those

reared in close confinement within the yards. Besides, only the
strongest could survive such a severe test. I do not give any
corn or cake to the milking cows. They are kept on hay and
chaff with roots and cabbage in the winter time, and in this way
keep fairly well, breeding regularly. I did at one time try milking
by hand, but I found it unsatisfactory, and now my cows suckle
their calves. There is, of course, the difficulty when a young bull
has suckled for six or eight months, and, his dam being forward
in calf, it becomes necessary to give him more milk in order to
keep him in show condition. He cannot then be induced to drink,
but I generally find him taught early to s/cal, he will take milk
from the fresh cow almost as readily as from his own mother.
There can be no question, on the other hand, that the milk
which he can take without gulping and at any hour of the day,
just as he requires it, does far more good than the milk which he
might have had twice a day at the morning and evening meals
from the bucket. All my cows can rear their calves, and it is
only after the first six months have passed, and then only in the
case of bull-calves for show, that the extra milk is required. I
make it a practice to take the girth of my calves every fortnight,
and I expect every bull- calf to measure not less than two feet
six inches at birth, and to make an average increase of an inch
a week until he is six months old, and about an inch and a
half a fortnight between the ages of six and twelve months. A
bull-calf should measure not less than four feet six inches at six
months old, or six feet at twelve months old. I have had them
five feet and over at six months, and six feet six inches at twelve
months, but I have generally had reason afterwards to regret
this abnormal growth. It is especially dangerous to force the
growth of the young calf, and there can be no doubt whatever
that more animals are ruined when under six months old by over-
feeding than by under-feeding. Milk is the natural food of the
calf, and does more for growth, hair, and constitution, than all
the patent foods and medicines yet discovered. I have only used
three foods for my young cattlelinseed cake, Uveco, and crushed
oats given four times a day with roots, and these, with plenty
of good hay and new milk, should make as much flesh as will
satisfy any judge in the show yard. Exercise is, of course, most
essential, and every animal fed for show has a roomy box and
gets not less than a mile walk on six days of the week. Frequent
washing is, of course, necessary, and the fine coats in the show
yard have their secret not only in the fresh milk put inside the
animal, but also in the constant use of the water pail, carbolic
soap, and the dandy brush. A clean skin is required to produce

the perfect coat. If there is anything especially characteristic
in the management of my own herd, it is that I have made it
a practice to use show bulls and old bulls. I was induced to do
this in the first instance by making the experiment of purchasing
two or three sons in succession of the noted old sire Sir Arthur
Ingram 32,490, six times winner at the Royal, and the getter
of Royal winners even in his eighth, ninth, and tenth years. I
kept and used the old show bull Reformer until he was twelve.
The Royal champion Major died in my herd at the age of ten. I
have noxv Moonlight 75,110, in regular use in the twelfth year
of his age, and the youngster Barons Pride 78,339, own brother
to Baron Abbotsford, brought in to serve the heifers, is already
over seven years of age. My herd is of mixed breeding, but chiefly
of Booth blood, and of the Calomel and Hecuba tribes bred at
Killerby. I bought the latter chiefly on account of their great
reputation as bull breeders, and by crossing them with Scotch
bulls they have recovered the size and constitution which they at
one time appeared to have lost, and I have certainly no reason to
complain of their delicacy. They are good milkers and breeders,
and the best animals I haye trace their descent from the cows
of Killerby. The prize bull Meteor by Moonlight, and his own
sister, Camelia, were of the Calomel tribe. Moon King and his
brother, Moon King 2nd, were of the Hecuba tribe.
Mr. Edward Cruickshank, formerly of Lethenty, Aberdeen- shire, writes:
In my experience there is no system of rearing the calves in a
Shorthorn herd to be compared with allowing them to suckle the
dam at discretion, the calves going loose, and having constant
free access to the mother, both when inside and outside; the
same quantity of milk drawn from the coxv by the calf goes
further than an equal quantity fed from the pail, and, as a rule,
the cow will yield more to the calf than to hand milking. There
would be less tuberculosis and delicacy of constitution if it was
a more general plan to turn out calves into the open air and
pastures with their mothers. There is great difficulty in coming
to a conclusion as to the question of beef versus milk; every cow
kept for breeding purposes should be at least a useful milker,
but the test of measurement is uncertain, and sometimes very
misleadingif the milk is sold as milk, quantity is a necessity, and
the feeding must be of such a nature as to develop it, but if butter
is made, or calves kept, then quality of milk tells, and there may
be more butter and certainly fatter calves where the flow of milk
is moderately good, but not excessive, and the quality richin
any case the yield is considerably affected by the feeding. When

heifers are highly fed when young, and do not produce a calf
until two and three quarters or three years old, they are at a
great disadvantage as milk producers; if the breeder wishes to
do his heifers well, so as to help the sale of them, they should
produce a calf when twenty-seven months old so as to prevent
the filling up of the milk ducts with fat. When a herd of cows
are habitually kept in low condition and on the lean side, either
by excessive flow of milk or poor feeding, they become naturally
light fleshed. Both coxvs and bulls continue to be fruitful and to
produce vigorous, healthy calves up to very considerable ages,
well over ten; many what might have been valuable bulls have
been lost through being sent to the butcher when in their prime,
and before their merits were found out. It is a very good plan
to turn a bull out into the pastures with the cows, and doing
so would tend very much to prevent the development of bad
tempers. One of the commonest defects in the ordinary stock
of the country is a lack of thickness and depth of body, and the
country would benefit much if Shorthorn breeders would aim at
supplying thick short-legged, thick rich-haired sires, ones near
the ground and with plenty of natural flesh and hair.
Mr. Walter Crosland, agent to Sir Alexander Henderson, Buscot Park,
writes as follows:
1. The summer management of our pedigree Shorthorn
herd is very simplethe cows are out at grass all through
the summer, and have practically nothing besides the grass.
Some of the best milkers, and especially those that are rear-
ing calves, have a small allowance consisting of a mixture
of Silcocks cake, crushed oats, and mangold, and they are
brought up to milk twice a day, or to suckle their calves.
When the weather is quite warm the calves run out at pas-
ture with their dams. The winter feeding consists of an
allowance of about seven pounds of meadow hay twice a
day, mangold pulp, and oat-straw chaff ad. lib., and, in
addition, five or six pounds of Silcocks cake, linseed cake,
crushed oats, and Uveco. The bulls are fed very much in
the same xvay. The best bull-calves are alloxved to run
with their dams until they are five or six months old, and
as soon as they will eat they have some sweet meadow hay
given them, and some finely-ground linseed cake, crushed
oats, and a little bran and hay chaff. The young stock are
fed pretty much in the same way. They are well done for
the first twelve months, and when they are turned out to
grass in the summer they have nothing but grass: our land
does them xvell enough without any outside help.
2. Have not tried any experiments with fattening or feeding
for the butcher, but all our stock have a propensity to lay
on flesh rapidly.
3. My aim has always been to encourage milking properties,
and to have good milkers in the herd. A milk record is kept,
but it is not very complete, as so many of our best calves
are suckled by their dams, and this milk is not accounted
for in the register, hence the returns are incomplete; but we
have cows that have given over one thousand gallons during
their period of lactation, and, of course, there are some that
give not more than five hundred gallons; but I sl uld think
our average would work out at about six hundred gallons
per annum per cow.
4. We do not fatten animals for the butcher.
5. We have one cow in the herd that is fruitful at fourteen
years of age, and looks like continuing to breed. We have
had one bull continue to be fruitful until he was ten years
old, and, at the present time, our herd bull, Wanderers
Prince, is active and proving himself useful at seven years
of age.
6. I cannot give you any information on the point of beef pro-
ducers at an early age, except that I know we can bring our
yearlings out very full of flesh, but we do not fatten any
stock for the butcher. We keep only breeding stock.
Mr. F. N. Webb, agent to Mr. C. R. W. Adeane, Babraham Hall,

Cambs., mentions that:
Cows are kept in a shed, and go out for about three or four
hours every day on the grass in the winter, and lie out all the
summer. They are at grass in summer. We also grow maize,
vetches and lucerne, and feed on the meadows when grass is
short; mangolds, kohl rabi, swedes, with oat-straw chaff, and
a very little hay in the winter; cotton cake and a few crushed
oats are the principal artificial foods in the winter, and a little
in early and late summer. Bulls are weaned when three days
old, and brought up by feeding from a pail, and have milk for
about six weeks to two months. Young stock, as soon as they
feed, have a few crushed oats, linseed cake, bean meal and bran.
The herd is kept mainly for milk, as three milk walks are worked
in connection with the land in hand. The cows, not including
heifers with the first calf, will average about 650 to 700 gallons,
or 6500 to 7000 pounds of milk a year. There are two cows in
the herd that are thirteen and fourteen years old respectively.
Mr. James Hepple, for Sir John Swinburne, Bart., Cap- heaton, states
that:
In summer all the Shorthorns run in the parks, no cake then

being used. In winter all are in at night, and the cows get about
two pounds of cake per day, with good meadow hay. A little
bran mash is given after calving. The bulls get roots, a little
mixture of linseed and compound cake, and they have plenty of
exercise. Calves suckle their dams. The young stock have roots
and compound cake, with hay and out-run in winter. Cows have
continued to breed up to thirteen and fourteen years.
Mr. John Patten, Home Farm manager to the Duke of Northumberland,

sends us the following notes on the management and feeding of a Shorthorn
herd, having special reference to the Alnwick Castle herd:
As the possession of a sound constitution is indispensable in

a Shorthorn herd we endeavour to follow the laws of nature as
closely as animals under a state of domestication will admit of,
giving them as much fresh air and sunshine as possible, access
to pure water, and housing them in clean and well-ventilated
buildings. As there is a great difference between comfort and
coddling, we study the one and avoid the other. Byres, pens or
boxes, covered folds, well lighted and ventilated, and as free from
draughts as possible, are all suitable for the healthy maintenance
of a Shorthorn herd, but for comfort, and as a means of obtaining
fresh air and exercise in winter and spring, nothing can excel the
old- fashioned hovel and fold system, the former with its two
arches and long cosy ends, and the latter open to weather of
every description. These folds are admirable for cows with calves
at foot, or for a batch of bull or heifer calves, whose dams it may
be more convenient to tie up in a byre. These should have every
access to the byre for the suckling process twice a day. For a herd
of breeding cows or heifers it is very desirable to have plenty of
pasture land, not too barely eaten in summer, in close proximity
to the steading. This is almost indispensable to the health of
cows and heifers tied in byres, and only ice or an unusual amount
of snow or rain should prevent their going out for a pick and
a rub. A shower of snow turning all his reds into whites will
not disturb the equanimity of the breeder who has faith in the
constitution of his animals, knows they are fed liberally, and
blessed by nature with hides, both thick and mellow, covered

with plenty of mossy hair. The winter food of a Shorthorn herd
depends upon circumstances. Where roots are plentiful, and the
demand of the herdsman does not clash unpleasantly with that of
the shepherd, and there is an abundance of good hay and straw,
you have a suitable diet, with the addition of three pounds of
linseed or cotton cake, for a breeding cow or heifer. Where roots
cannot be spared, then mashes of ground oats, barley, beans
and maize and bran, or a liberal supply of linseed and cotton
cake must be given in addition to the hay and straw. Having a
scarcity of roots we are obliged to adopt either of the two latter
systems or more usually to blend them, and the cows having
a good outrake give an abundance of milk and their health is
maintained as well.
The rearing of bull calves for sale at an early age, or for
showing purposes, is a matter that requires great attention and
care. No expense should be spared upon well-bred promising
youngsters of good colours and likely to suit the fastidious foreign
buyer, for if you can please him with an animal he will please you
with a price, and all the expense of rearing him will have been as
a drop in the bucket as compared to what you obtain for him. Up
to twelve months at least, he must be the subject of new milk,
as there is no substitute for it for increasing the growth of bone
and muscle, fat and hair; artificial food must also be resorted to,
and nothing beats the best linseed cake, given in such quantities
as he eats up readily. To this diet may also be added a mash
composed of ground oats, barley, and pease meal mixed with
bran, and a small quantity of roots, turnips preferable for the
early stages of the animal, afterwards swedes or mangolds. The
quality of his hay supply must also be of the best. With this
generous diet, unless in an open fold, regular exercise every day
for the greater part of an hour is most essential if founder and
other mischief is to be avoided. The feeding and management
of bulls not sold, say, at twelve or fifteen months, should be a
continuation of the above, but the milk supply, except in special
cases, where the animal is intended for the show yard, should be
withdrawn. Of course, in summer hay is usually substituted by
cut grass, tares, and other green food. If young bulls are kept in
boxes or pens, the manure should be removed every morning, as
the ammonia is not good for the general health of the animal,
and the heated manure is injurious to the feet.
The management of stock bulls is very important, seeing the
prominent position he occupies in the herd, and every effort
should be made to keep him naturally if he is to prove a prolific
sire. The food of the stock bull here is usually turnips and hay,
ground oats, and about three pounds of linseed cake per day. In
summer he has grass and tares in lieu of the hay, with the same
quantity of ground oats and linseed cake. The daily exercise is
seldom forgotten. Of course, where a very large yard or paddock
is attached to the box, the labour of exercising is saved, as well
as when the bull is allowed to roam with the cows. The latter
is undoubtedly the surest method of obtaining the highest num-
ber of calves in the year, but it is sometimes troublesome and
attended with danger. Some bulls continue fruitful, when judi-
ciously kept and fed, for twelve or thirteen years, but certainly
they are not so reliable as stock getters as younger sires, and his
being retained is only to be justified by his being a known good
sire.
Most of the calves here are allowed to suckle their dams, this
being the healthiest and most labour-saving method, and as soon
as the i 2th of May comes round, and the weather favourable,
all the breeding animals are turned out to pasture, their calves
with them, till late autumn. The cows get no artificial food in
summer, but a corner is railed off somewhere to which only the
calves can have access and be treated with a little cake once
or twice a day. As the season advances the cows with early
bull-calves are separated from those having heifer-calves, in case
mischief should follow. We also find it a great advantage to
those bull-calves if we can find a good aftermath for them and
their dams. This not only gives a nutritious feed to the calf,
but increases the flow of milk in the cow. Housing time depends
upon the weather, the amount of grass in the field, and the
shelter such field affords. There is little fear of animals catching
cold in autumn (less than when turned out in May), as their
coat comes on gradually as required, but when the grass has
lost its nutriment and nights become cold xvith all the signs
of approaching winter, it is time at least to think of housing,
and to have such in readiness for a sudden emergency. When
the housing actually takes place most of the cows are tied in
byres, and the strongest calves bulls and heifersput in batches
into separate folds, being allowed to suck, as before explained,
twice a day. Cows with very young calves are put into boxes
together. The weaning of the older calves soon follows, but as
they have got quite accustomed to eat cake, the check is scarcely
noticeable. We do not find the suckling system prevents the
cows from coming early in use after calving, though occasionally
heifers, after their first calf, if served young, are long in returning
to the bull, indeed, they often take a long rest before having a
second calf. All breeders are delighted when their cows attain
to a good old age, as longevity is one of the best signs of a
sound constitution, and buyers have always a liking for sires off
such cows. Some cows breed regularly up to twenty years, but
they are rare. The majority cease breeding when they attain
to the age of twelve or thirteen, while a few go on until sixteen
or seventeen years old. It is generally admitted that the Scotch
cross (to which we have had recourse since 1899) has been the
means of improving the breed so far as beef producing at an early
age is concerned. Bates, Booth, and the earlier breeds of English
Shorthorns require, as a rule, more time for development, and
while at twelve months old they may not attract the foreign or
any other buyer, yet at two or three years old they have grown
into magnificent animals and find ready customers. The beef of
the young Shorthorn, never having lost its muscle or calf lyre,
and continuously fed on, is excellent, but it must be admitted
that the beef of the high-class Shorthorn, as a whole, is too fat
for the general taste and consumption. The great function of
the Shorthorn is their power of imparting to other lower-grade
animals those fattening properties which they themselves have
in excess, and which those other breeds are so much deficient in.
The Short- horn is the real dual cow, a beef and milk-producing
breed which has no equal.
Mr. Robert W. Hobbs, Kelmscott, Lechlade, writes:
My herd of Shorthorns consists principally of graded up cows.

I started a dairy and selling milk to London in 1878, and, at that
time, bought good Shorthorn heifers with no recorded pedigree,
but that looked like producing a good quality of milk. Since
that time I have always used pedigree bulls, taking great care
when purchasing to have them well bred for milk on both sides,
and my cows have now most of them sufficient crosses to be
eligible for Coatess Herd Book. I arrange for most of my heifers
to calve in the autumn, ready for the winter milk supply, but our
calving season extends from September i to beginning of June,
and consequently our slack time for milk is August and early
part of September, when London does not require so much.
The cows are turned to grass all the summer, those giving 20
lbs. milk daily being allowed 4 lbs. of cotton cake. In xvinter
they are tied up in sheds and fed with one meal of hay, chopped
straw, with about 56 lbs. mangels or cabbage, and about 8 lbs.
meal and cake (mixture dried grains, soaked maize, germ meal,
and decorticated cotton cake).
The stock bulls are loose in a box as much as possible, and

kept in a healthy lean state, having grass cut for them in sum-
mer, hay and straw chaff with pulped mangels in winter. The
young bulls for sale have linseed cake, crushed oats, and bran in
addition.
The calves are with the cows for fourteen days, when they
are taken away, taught to drink, given milk for a few days, and,
as soon as possible, Bibbys cream equivalent is substituted. This
is continued for twelve or thirteen weeks, when they are allowed
2 lbs. linseed cake, hay, and a few roots. They are turned
out to grass in May, 2 lbs. linseed cake being continued. By
September 1st they are taken into yards, and given one meal of
hay, straw, chaff, mangolds, and 2lbs. meal, and racked up with
straw at night. The following spring they run on grass, with
no additional feeding, and most of them are running out all the
following winter, coming in the yards for hay, which, if short,
is given sparingly, and 3 lbs. of cotton cake added. We begin
bulling them in December, and the following summer they are
on grass until they calve.
(3) I find Shorthorns bred in the way indicated above give a
good supply of milk. We, of course, get some disappointments,
and heifers that do not come up to our requirements are kept
from the bull, and at once fattened off. We weigh the milk of each
cow one day a fortnight, and find our cows average something
over 7000 lbs. yearly.
(4) I sell my non-pedigree bull-calves at a fortnight old, for
steers, so the only beef I make are the heifers that do not give
sufficient milk, and the old cows when we have finished with
them. The latter are given extra feeding stuffs as soon as they
calve, and are milked on so long as their milk pays for their keep,
when they are dried and usually fit for the butcher at once, and
would weigh about 110 stones.
(5) We should keep a heavy-milking cow until she is ten or
even twelve years oldin fact, so long as she milks well and breeds
regularly.
Mr. Thomas Henderson, agent to Mr. J. Douglas Fletcher, Rosehaugh,
N. B., replies:
(1) The cattle, except the young bulls, are all turned out to
grass as early in May as weather will permit. If very cold or wet
at night, the cows and calves are taken in for shelter. They are
housed again towards the end of Septemberthe cows being tied
up and the heifers folded together in a covered court. Feeding,
etc., of cows.The cows, while on grass, do not, as a rule, get any
hand feeding. When tied up, they get 30 to 40 lbs. turnip, 50

lbs. ensilage, and about 20 lbs. oat straw daily until they calve.
After calving, they get extra turnips, with a mash of meal, bran,
etc.about 3 lbs. daily. The cows are all served between May i
and August I. Any that come in use after August 1st are usually
allowed to run on till the end of spring, as late calves do not turn
out so well in the north of Scotland. The service bulls graze along
with the cows until they are served. The cows get carbolic acid
twice a week for two or three months, as a prevention against
abortion. BullsThe bulls are usually kept in boxes by themselves
all the year round, except those that are out with the cows for
three months in summer. They get exercise daily, if possible,
and their feed consists of turnips and straw or hay, with 3 lbs.
linseed cake, 2 lbs. bran, and 3 lbs. meal daily. The young
bulls are started with half a pound of cake daily on the grass
while sucking, and the cake is gradually increased as they grow
older. After they are weaned, they have about 2 lbs. cake, i
lb. bran, and lb. meal daily, the feed being increased as they
become older. The calves are usually dropped xvhile the cows
are tied up in the byres, and are allowed to run about, and to
suck their dams whenever they feel inclined. As already stated,
they are turned out along with the cows as soon as the weather
is mild enough. The cow-calves do not get any hand feeding
until after they are taken in off the grass, when they are housed
in a fold adjoining the byre, and are allowed to suck their dams
two or three times a day until they are seven or eight months
old. They receive turnips and straw in the fold all winter, with a
little linseed cake in the spring. The bull-calves are reared in the
same way as the cow-calves, except that they get cake all along,
as already stated.
(2) We have been very successful in the feeding of Short-
horns for fat shows, and have won several first prizes at Smith-
field and elsewhere, with heifers and steers. Crosses with the
Aberdeen-Angus have also done remarkably well. Crosses out of
a Shorthorn cow and by an Aberdeen-Angus bull brought the
Scottish National Fat Stock Clubs Championship to Rosehaugh
twice in four years, besides several other valuable prizes. The
order of crossing with the Aberdeen-Angus does not appear to
be of much importance so long as the animals of both the breeds
are really good. We have been about equally successful with the
cross out of an Aberdeen-Angus cow and Shorthorn bull as we
were the other xvay about.
(4) Feeding for butcher.This is seldom done, except when a
heifer fails to breed, or a bull-calf is bad in colour. We have fed
steers up to I9 cwts., and heifers up to I7 - cwts., under three

years.
(5) Cows have bred regularly up to seventeen years. Bulls
have not been kept in the herd beyond the age of seven years.
(6) Crossing with good Shorthorn bulls undoubtedly tends to
produce beef at an early age.
Mr. W. J. Hosken, owner of the Loggans Mill herd, Hayle, Cornwall,
writes:
The object one has in view, with regard to the management of
this Shorthorn herd, is to endeavour to produce vigorous, sound,
and robust animals; in other words, animals with strong consti-
tutions. This must be the foundation upon which the herd should
be raised, if success is to attend ones efforts. We make a special
point of exercise and fresh air for our cows and heifers, not merely
in the summer months, but also throughout the greater part of
the winter. We prefer to calve our cows during the first three
months of the year if possible. With regard to the milking, this
is performed by hand. By so doing we hold the opinion that the
coxvs develop and maintain better-shaped udders, and also get
in use for the bull much earlier than when calves are allowed to
run with and suckle their dams. Our cows and heifers are kept
in a useful breeding condition, not being forced or pampered.
The winter treatment varies, more particularly as regards the
feeding. The cows and heifers are supplied with roots and hay
twice daily, with the addition of meal, composed of a mixture of
bran and oats in equal proportion. The quantity of roots and
meal is governed by the milk yield, the greater amount being
given to those that are in full milk. Turnips from 6o to 70 lbs.
per day; meal, 3 gallons per day. When mangolds are in season
we give from 30 to 35 lbs. per day. It has been said, and truly
too, that the sire is half the herd; it consequently stands to rea-
son that great care is needed in the selection of a sire, and in
so doing, even to-day; pedigree plays by no means an unimpor-
tant part. My father always preferred keeping the stock bull in
a house where he could see what was going on around him; they
are thus more likely to remain good tempered than when shut
up in a house where they see nothing. Stock bulls as well as the
younger ones require regular exercise, and they should be kept
in what is known as useful condition. As regards the treatment
of young bulls, good hay is essential. It is often a good plan
to change the diet now and then. We feed them three times a
day; bulls intended for sale or exhibition cannot be started too
soon. Every endeavour is made to retain the calf flesh. Roots
and hay with meal and linseed cake form the diet, the meal be-
ing composed of a mixture of oats, bran, bean meal. There is
no hard and fast rule as to quantity of food we give our young
bulls, this is governed by the age, and the power of assimilation
of the animal. Bulls of the same age vary considerably as to the
amount of food they consume. In addition to food they require
fresh air, plenty of exercise, and good grooming. The calves are
weaned about a week old, and they are mostly hand reared on
milk. We encourage them to eat dry food as soon as possible.
Hay is placed in their cribs, as well as a little bran and oats. In
the summer they are turned out into a paddock for exercise; in
the winter they are given the use of a, sh lt rec1 yard to run
about in.We like our heifers to take the bull at two years old, at
vhich age they stand a better chance of developing into larger
cows than vhen bred younger. As regards the question as to
crossing, I regret not having results of experiments which have
been carried out here from time to time, but I would like to
mention that one of the most successful crosses we have made is
with the Shorthorn and Guernsey; the cross being most useful,
both as regards milk and beef. The dairy cattle in West Cornx-
vall, in my opinion, will compare most favourably with those of
any other part of the country, whether pure or cross-bred, and
this is due very largely to the Guernsey- Shorthorn cross. To
win at the Penwith Agricultural Show, which is held annually at
Penzance, in the cross-bred dairy- cow class, xvould require an
animal that should be good enough to win at the London Dairy
Shoxv in the same class. The Shorthorn-Jersey cross is not so
good when taken all round as the Guernsey-Shorthorn cross. We
fatten most of our animals intended for the butcher on grass, and
when they come on to be killed, we finish them with some cake
and meal, which is given to them in troughs in the field. They
have access to a covered shed, and water. Shorthorns with us
xvould weigh about seven to eight hundred-weights thus treated
at two years old.
Mr. T. H. Hutchinson, Manor House, Gatterick, Yorks
My Shorthorns are only kept in the ordinary way. The cows
run in the pastures during summer and suckle their calves, but
some of them that are deep milkers are milked txvice daily as
well. The calves are taken from them early in the autumn, and
are fed upon pulped roots, chaff, and linseed cake. The bull
calves are better done cretting a couple of mashes daily, but
fexver roots; the mashes consist of ground oats, dried grains, a
little bran, with either treacle or linseed gruel poured upon it.
Young bulls require to be well exercised when well kept, or they

will soon go wrong on the legs. The cows in the winter months
live upon pulped roots, chaffed straw, and a mixture of cotton
cake and ground tail corn, which is generally a mixture of wheat,
barley, and oats ground together; to these is added a portion of
bran and dried grains. I do not give any fixed quantity, but
leave it to the discretion of my herdsman as, I consider, if the
man who feeds the cattle does not know better than any one else
the requirements of each animal he is not worth employing. The
heifers are served when they are between eighteen months and
two years old; if they prove bad milkers, and do not breedwell,
they are not served again, but are fed off and sold to the butcher.
I am a great believer in linseed cake and ground oats, and have
not much faith in condiments and fancy compound cakes. Cows
that breed well I keep as long as they will breed, and have had
cows that have bred up to sixteen years of age. Since I gave up
showing I have not fed highly, but like to see my Shorthorns in
a nice healthy growing condition, and not over fat, unless they
are wanted for the butcher. Any one who wishes to gain prizes
in the show yard must feed very highly from the day they are
born, and the fatter he gets them the more prizes he is likely to
win.
Mr. John Handley, Greenhead, Milnthorpe:
My farm is almost a grass farm. In winter the cattle get a
feed of hay morning and noon, and straw at night, and a few
mangolds three times a day, no swedes; and I never had them
do better. The cows, when out at grass in summer, get a little-
compound cake and a mixture of meals night and morning when
milkedfor a heavy milker up to three pounds either end; if drying
of milk, according to what I think they pay for. They must
improve the land by feeding, and give more milk for a longer
period. The cows do not suckle their calves as a rule. The calves
are hand fed; the heifer calves getting new milk about six weeks,
then half skim milk and half new another fortnight, and finished
rearing on skim milk and calf meal porridge; when old enough
a little cake is given, and reared up in nice straight condition.
When not so highly forced, I consider they make better milkers
at five or six years old, grow into nicer, and more level cows,
not showing so much patchiness. The bull-calves are pail fed,
but get a more liberal supply of new milk than the heifer calves,
and a mixture of compound and linseed cakes and meals, as I
believe in a mixture of feeds. I keep no milk records, but I breed
Shorthorns on the principle of beef and milk combined, and have
lots of pedigree cows that can give sixteen to twenty quarts per
day, which I consider quite sufficient. I have had cows hale
and hearty at fifteen years old quite old enough, unless it be a
favourite beast, or a favourite pedigree. I have had bulls useful
at twelve years of age.
Lord Moreton, Sarsden, writes: “I should be inclined to say that the best
way to deal with Shorthorns is to let them lead as natural a life as possible
in the air and light, and do them well when youngair and light are the great
essentials.”
Mr. R. Stratton, The Duifryn, Newport, Mon., writes
During summer cows live on grass entirely; in winter on straw

and roots, or hay and a little cotton cake. Bull calves suck for
six months, some run with their dams; others are kept in and
have a little cake, etc., hay, or green food. Heifer calves suck for
a shorter time, and are kept moderately, for breeding purposes.
Yearling heifers have only grass in summer ; hay, and a little
cake and roots in winter. Two-year-olds are treated in the same
way.
(5) I have had cows continue breeding up to seventeen years.
The two foundation cows of my herd, Old and Young Moss Rose,
lived to be twenty and seventeen years respectively, and bred
thirty live calves between them. I have had bulls fruitful up to
ten years.
(6) My heifer Icicle weighed eighty-three scores dead weight
at four years old. I have had others up to sixty-eight scores at
three years off. Young beef is worth twopence per pound more
than that of aged cows.
Mr. Henry Williams, Moor Park, Harrogate, writes:
I have been a breeder of pure bred Shorthorns since the year

1884, and their management has been very much like that of
ordinary cattlechiefly grass in summer, and hay and turnips in
the winter, and occasionally a very small quantity of cake. My
observations as to quantities of food given are not reliable, as
correct records have not been kept. Bull calves suck their dams
up to six months old, and afterwards have calf meal and cake to
prevent their losing their calf-flesh, and are daily walked out for
exercise. All calves are suckled by their dams, and after leaving
their dams are kept well by the addition of meal and cake. I think
the feeding properties of Shorthorns are very good, though they
are only fattened here after they cease to breed. I have some very
good milkers, though I have never gone in for extremesa cow that
will not keep her own calf is sent to the butcher. Some of my
cows have lived to twelve years of age, and have bred ten calves
in the time, though I know they sometimes live to a much greater
age. I believe the average time they give up breeding is about
eight years. I find generally that bulls diminish in fruitfulness
after four years, though there are exceptions where they go on
to eight or ten years. The quality of young Shorthorn beef is
excellent, and worth ten per cent. a hundredweight more than
coxvs that have bred two or three calves.
Mr. James Durno, Westertown, Aberdeenshire, says
1. The Shorthorn cows with their calves are allowed to run

in the grass fields all summer without extra feeding, the bull
calves getting a little cake xvhen four to five months old.
Two- year-old and yearling heifers have no extra feeding in
summer; turnips and straw three times a day in the winter
months. Cows generally get a little cake first week after
calving. Bulls should not be forced too much with extra
feeding until over a year old, just linseed cake with bran,
and a handful of oats once a day with turnips, and good
hay or straw ad lib. Short- horn calves are allowed to suckle
their own dams for about six months, with an allowance of
cake a month before being weaned.
2. Shorthorn crosses are considered the best for producing beef
at an early stage, as they grow big and can be sold fat when
two years old and under.
3. Some of the Shorthorn cows are first-class milkers, and can
hold their own with any breed.
4. Animals fed for the butcher get an allowance of cake, and
good pasture in summer. In winter a full allowance of
sliced turnips, with hay or good straw, as much as they
can eat,with cake and bruised oats; can be fed to weigh
seven hundredweight of dead meat at two years old.
5. I have had cows breeding when seventeen and eighteen years
of age. Bulls will be fruitful to ten and twelve years of age.
6. The breed has been improved very much as beef-producers
at an early age; one pound is almost worth two compared
with the beef of old cows or foreign meat.
Mr. Benjamin Read, Church Farm, Cam, Dursley, Gloucester- shire:
1. During summer and early autumn months in the pas-

tures without artificial feeding of any kind.
(a) In the late autumn, winter, and early spring, those in

profit are tied in the byres; those dry run in the yards
with open sheds. Mine is a milking herd, consequently
the feeding varies considerably, in accordance with the
state of the animal. Butter fat being my object rather
than a large quantity of milk, consequently meals for
the production of this are given, with the ordinary ra-
tions of pulped roots and hay chaff.
(b) The .feeding of bulls varies according to age, care be-
ing taken not to use indigestible foods in their younger
days. Waterloo feed cakes I have found a safe feed from
early days, and can be increased in quantity as the an-
imal grows. Wheaten bran and crushed oats from four
months.
(c) Heifer calves are taken from their dams at fourteen
days, and put on the pail, thus enabling the cow to
take early service and lose no time in breeding regu-
larly.
(d) Young stock remain in yards until over a year, and
then go in early summer into the pastures (this does
not apply to young bulls, which do not leave the yards,
except for exercise).
2. The Shorthorn certainly feeds quicker than any other breed
(I have no experience of cross-breds).
3. Where careful selection of sires has been made, the Short-
horn is the best dairy and general purpose breed.
(a) Milk records have been kept with averages between
5550 and 6ooo lbs. per cow.
4. This much depends on the time of year the animal is wanted
to fatten. Weights of animals vary from 6 to 9 cwt., accord-
ing to age, etc.
5. I have had experience of cows being regular breeders and
milkers up to sixteen years, and bulls active to nine years.
6. Undoubtedly the introduction of the Scotch Shorthorn has
tended to give more flesh and additional value as flesh-
producers.
(a) The difference in value between that of a young and
old Shorthorn to the butcher would vary from three
farthings to three half-pence per pound.
Mr. C. M. Doyne, Wells, Gorey, Ireland:

The herd is kept in a natural healthy breeding state, out night

and day in summer; housed in airy sheds in winter at nights, and
fed on hay and a fexv roots. Bulls are let out in the cool of the
day in summer, or exercised daily all the year round. Calves
either fed on the pail or on their dams. (3) Several prizes won
at the Royal Dublin Societys Show in milking Shorthorn class;
best yield as officially measured at show, 22 quarts given by cow
three months calved. (5) Many have bred up to and over twelve
years old, the cow mentioned in (3) xvas sold at home a couple
of years ago for /i 18, when she was seventeen years old and had
milked during the previous winter. Bulls fruitful up to six or
seven years of age, when generally fattened. (6)Have killed them
from fourteen to sixteen months old, when they were worth to
the butcher . to i6. (7) Crossed with a Kerry and fed on grass;
I was offered for three bullocks during the present summer over
Iuio a piece.
Mr. James McWilliam, Garbity, Morayshire:
1. In summer the cows run at grass, coming in to the house
over night after October 1st. In winter they get turnips and
oat straw; up to the time of calving say sixty pounds yellow
turnips with straw ad lii. After calving, the turnips are
increased to about one hundred and twenty pounds, with
sometimes a little bruised oats, cake, or bran. The bulls
are fed on turnips, straw, hay, with oats, bran and cake,
according to age of animal. The calves suck their dams to
eight months old, then get turnips, hay, and straw, with
oats, barley, bran, and cake. The calves begin to eat a little
of the feeding stuffs at a month to six weeks of age; and the
quantity is gradually increased as they get older.
2. I have never tried any experiments, in feeding, as against
other breeds, but from experience the Shorthorn will feed as
quickly as any breed I know; it comes early to maturity, and
when young the beef is first class. The Shorthorn crosses
well with any breed, and I think the Shorthorn Aberdeen-
Angus cross will beat any other variety as beef makers.
3. I have never kept any milking records. The Shorthorn, as
a rule, is a good milker. There are, however, exceptions, as
in all breeds.
4. Calves reared for beef are usually weaned, either from the
pail or cow, at about six months. They should get a lit-
tle cake from then till twelve months old, with turnips and
straw, and perhaps a little hay. They are put to grass at say,
18.2. OTHER BREEDERS’ METHODS 707
May st, and run to October, when they are again housed.
They then are usually put up to feed, either in stalls, or
in a covered yard. They are fed, on turnips and straw
two or three times a day, what they will eat. Some give
distillery grains, with a little oats. Usually they receive
cake and crushed oats, or barley; for two, or perhaps three,
months before being sent to the butcher. Beginning with
two pounds of cake and corn, and finishing with perhaps
four or five pounds of each. Feeding in this way, the cat-
tle will come out at two years weighing nine and a half to
twelve hundredweight each, live weight.
5. As to longevity, I think the Shorthorn will compare favourably
with any breed. My Shorthorn cow, Dido 3rd, bred at
Gordon Castle, calved in March, 1867, produced seventeen
calves, and went to the butcher in her twentieth year. An-
other cow, Golden Rose, calved in 1878, produced thirteen
calves, and was sent to the butcher in 1895.
6. The Shorthorn is pre-eminently an early maturity beast,
and can be profitably made fit for the butcher at twenty
months. The quality of the beef when young is first class.
In old cows it is not so good as some other breeds, as there
is a tendency to too much fat as the animal gets old.
18.2 Other breeders’ methods

In the course of visits to well-managed herds in the Kingdom from twenty to
thirty years ago the arrangements that were made and that proved eminently
successful in their results were noted.
One of the best-managed herds was that of the late Mr. Hugh Aylmer, of
West Dereham Abbey, in Norfolk, which was inspected several times during
the seventies. There was no special season appointed for calving, and calves
were born all the year round. For some time after the formation of the
herd the cows were milked by hand, but Mr. Aylmer found that he failed
to have this satisfactorily carried out. Bad milkers injured the cows, which
often refused to yield the proper amount of milk, and after some time went
dry. This difficulty was, of course, merely local, since most people have their
cows milked to their satisfaction. Mr. Aylmer, however, thought it better to
adopt the system of suckling, and he was so well pleased with the results that
he continued it. Many people think that a calf derives more nutriment from
a given quantity of milk suckled from the cow than drunk from a pail. Mr.
Aylmer was careful that the young calf should not be allowed to overload
its stomach for the first few weeks of its existence. Hence, though kept in
the same box with its dam during that period, the calf was confined in a
corner by a hurdle, thus having a separate pen and being allowed to suck
the cow at stated times. When three weeks old the calf was removed from
the company of its dam and placed in one of the pens of the calf-house,
a roomy well-lighted and ventilated building. Henceforth the calf was led
out morning and evening to suck its dam. All cows having more milk than
was necessary for their calves, were always milked before being suckled,
the herdsman using his discretion in this matter and leaving as much milk
behind as the calf needed. It was the habit to xvean the heifer calves when
about six months old; but the bull calves, needing more condition, were
suckled for a longer period, as it was important that they should be well
grown and in good trim for sale. Mr. Aylmer desired to get the calves to
eat dry food early, and had, accordingly, put in the mangers a small supply
of a mixture composed of crushed oats, oil-cake, and ground maize. A little
prime hay was also put within reach of the calves, and in summer a small
portion of green food was given. The main object was that the calves should
be on their feed, so to speak, before they were weaned, so that no violent
check should be experienced in their growth. Mr. Aylmer was well aware
that young animals should never know want from their birth to maturity,
and that they should always be kept thriving. The calves were usually very
healthy, but occasionally one might not be thriving as well as it ought, and
it was usual to give a raw egg beaten up with its shell. Other breeders find
that small quantities of linseed oil given occasionally are very useful. There
was an abundant supply of water at West Dereham, and Mr. Aylmer was
careful that the cattle were never left in want of it. In some herds there is
a strong objection to allow calves to suck their dams, because it has been
found that the cows do not come in use for a very long period. This has
been particularly noticeable when the calves ran out with their dams and
were never separated until weaned. At West Dereham, however, the calves
were allowed to suck their dams only twice a day. The cows came in season
at the usual time after calving, and bred calves every year.
Mr. Aylmer’s cattle were always found in good condition, but he was
very careful not to allow them to get too fat, as his experience showed him
that in high condition they often gave up breeding. If a cow gave evidence
of threatening to become a shy breeder, he at once proceeded to reduce her
condition by placing her in poor keep. He once committed the mistake of
having his heifers served by an aged bull of fashionable blood, which he
had hired. Several of them were injured and never bred. This unfortunate
experience gave him a valuable if costly lesson, and for the future he always
put one of his own yearling bulls out with the young heifers. This answered
well, and he had few disappointments. Heifers were put with the bull at
fifteen or sixteen months old, so that they would usually bring their first
calves xvhen over two years old. They vere always well grown and in fresh
condition, and he considered it would have been risky to allow them to get
more age, lest they might prove uncertain breeders.
There was ample accommodation for housing the Shorthorns on Mr.

Aylmer’s farm, and all the cattle lay inside during the night in winter. The
ground was rather too damp to allow cows or heifers to lie out with safety.
The cows had loose boxes, so that there was none of that dangerous hustling
which often occurs when cattle are driven into a long range of stalls. Mr.
Aylmer had a great dread of abortion in his cows, from which the herd
sometimes suffered, and a very peculiar feature of his system of breeding
was that he gave his in-calf cows no turnips, his opinion being that their
use tended to lead to the casting of calves. Exercise was insisted on at West
Dereham. Calves were at an early age turned into the strawyard, and later
on were led out in the halter, and so made docile and hardy. All the boxes
and sheds had plenty of air, and were well drained. The bulls were kept in
loose boxes, and were led out regularly for exercise. They had roots and hay
and some cake and meal in winter, while during summer green food supplied
the place of turnips.
The Holker Hall herd, owned by the late Duke of Devon- shire, became
very famous under the able management of the late Mr. George Drewry,
and a visit to Holker at that period was productive of pleasure and of profit
to a breeder of Short- horns. The cattle were indisputably well descended,
and to bring out their hereditary properties had been the study of their
manager. He sought for no extravagant display, because from a condition
of that sort there is often a quick falling back, nature being overtaxed. His
desire was rather to assist nature to maintain and to repeat the improve-
ments which selection had effected. Liberal feed without excess, comfortable
housing, a wide range, and sufficient change of good pasture, were principles
of the Holker system which were discernible without asking any questions.
The visitor would observe that the animals enjoyed much time in rest, and
occupied themselves with rumination, a happy look of health beaming about
their faces. One could not help admiring their appearance as they lay com-
fortably on the grass awaiting his approach. The grand, wealthy cows and
the handsome heifers looked to great advantage lying, a picture of content-
ment and comfort, with their heads slightly raised, their heavy briskets on
the ground, and the round ribs made to look their very roundest. Tranquil-
lity was always noticeable among the Holker Shorthorns, and it is a very
important condition of ready thrift. The advantages of quiet are too little
recognised in many quarters where bellowing and rapid motion are too often
found to give evidence of the need of due peace and of orderly management.
At Holker great care was naturally bestowed upon the rearing of the
calves, which were of very high value all round. The bulls were pail-fed and
the heifers were suckled by their dams for a fexv weeks, and then trained on
to suck cheap heifers, which were often black polls or crosses of other sorts.
These calves ran out with their foster mothers in sheltered paddocks, each
enclosure having an open shed for cover when required. The calves had thus
plenty of air and exercise, which kept them healthy and in a thriving state
most favourable to their growth.

Formerly the cows at Holker which had heifer calves were allowed to
suckle them to weaning time, but it was found that they did not come in
use in the ordinary period, and much time was thus lost, a very serious
matter where calves were of such great value. Dry food was supplied to the
heifer calves in the shelter sheds as soon as they were old enough to use
it, and everything was done to keep them in an advancing state. One was
immediately struck with their excellent condition, their lively gait and their
abundant coats of hair. In these days, when there is so much talk about
tuberculosis, this system of open-air rearing seems deserving of great con-
sideration and attention. The Holker bull calves were fed from the pail,
and were, of course, pushed forward more rapidly, getting as much milk and
extra food as was deemed safe and desirable. Setons were inserted into the
dewlaps of the calves to keep off that fell disease black quarter. The heifers
were put to the bull at such a period of their age as to ensure that they
would calve at or about two and a half years old.
The cows at Holker Hall were always in fine condition, but not fat. They
received a moderate amount of dry food in addition to the grass, and this
allowance was, of course, increased as the pastures failed. Cows heavy with
calf would often be allowed out during winter to roam about the paddocks,
or, at their will, to lie under cover of the open sheds within them. It is
very probable that there is no safer way in which such cows can be kept, as
they remain quite free from excitement and are secure from the chances of
accident which attend passing through gates and doors, and over slippery
pavements. Under such conditions; too, cows can lie out in the open all
night when the weather is fine, grazing when they like, and taking a drink
from the water trough, always vithin reach, when they are disposed to do
so.
It is somewhat remarkable that the fact of cows suckling their calves
does not in all quarters cause them to lose time in breeding, as it was found
to do at Holker. It would seem that soil and climate must exercise some
influence, for, in the fine herd of Mr. Hugh Aylmer, and the large herd of
the late Mr. Talbot Crosbie, at Ardfert Abbey, suckling the calves was the
rule, yet it did not prevent the cows being duly prolific.
In Cumberland good herds of Shorthorns have been long known in the
hands of tenant farmers, who insist on having plenty of milk as well as beef.
Their system of feeding must, of course, be economical as compared with
that in costly herds which are owned by wealthy breeders. The Cumberland
farmer has his cows milked; they receive no extra food while on grass, and
they are, as a general rule, poorly fed in winter. The calves get a small
allowance of new milk for a short time, after which skim milk is added.
Porridge of linseed and corn meal is put into the skim milk when the calves
are old enough to take it with safety, and, when they begin to nibble, dry
food is placed within their reach. The cows lie out all summer and autumn,
and their winter food is turnips and straw, as a general rule. Some breeders,
however, are rather more liberal, and give a moderate allowance of crushed
oats and decorticated cotton cake through the pulped roots and cut straw.
The young bulls which are being fed for sale receive extra keep in the
shape of linseed cake and bruised oats. They are usually kept in sheds with
plenty of air around them, so that they have abundant coats of hair. In spite
of this economical system of keeping, the Cumberland farmers have often
turned out remarkably good Shorthorns.
In Northumberland, as in the adjoining county of Cumberland, farmers
breed for a combination of beef and milk, and they have been eminently
successful in achieving their objects. Calves are cheaply reared, and, when
a few days old are given skim milk, to which linseed mucilage is soon added
to supply the necessary fat. In many cases no extra dry food is given to
any of the stock; they simply get what is grown on the farm, that is, hay;
straw, and roots. Turnips are freely used, and are not found dangerous in
their effect upon the in-calf cows.
The climate of the northern counties of England evidently suits Short-
horns well, for they thrive there at high elevations, up to 700 and 8oo feet.
There are also in Northumberland herds of high class, far superior to
those referred to already as in the hands of tenant farmers. In such herds
a large capital is invested, and costly sires are often hired for use in them.
Here the system of feeding and management is naturally more liberal, and
every food which will tend to the high development of the animals is freely
given. The calves are allowed to suckle their dams for six or seven months,
yet the cows lose no time in breeding again. The grass in summer is all the
food the milking cows receive, but winter milkers get warm mashesbran and
meal in addition to roots and hay, to keep up the flow at that cold season.
The heifers in these herds of high class are put to the bull so that they
may produce their first calves at about two and a half years old. They are
well fed and xvell grown, and have never known any stint. In these well-
managed herds abortion seldom appears, and a strong opinion is held that
food of inferior quality, musty or foul, is apt to cause cows to slip calf.
Milk fever crops up sometimes. Especially is this the case in herds where
milking qualities are very assiduously cultivated; but when precautions are
taken to keep the cows on dry food for some time previous to calving, and
when also laxatives are administered before calving, this dangerous malady
seldom arises.
In the South and West of England, different systems of management are
found to prevail. The owner of a valuable Booth herd in Gloucestershire had
all his calves fed from the pail, and he had setons inserted in the dewlap as
a preventative of black quarter. The young stock were kept indoors during
their first winter, but when they advanced in age they were allowed to lie
out in sheltered paddocks. Health and abundant condition were maintained,
but the females were not overdone or spoilt for breeding purposes. The bull
calves were allowed plenty of new milk, and were turned out in first-rate
condition for sale.
In the Berkeley Castle herd, on the other hand, the calves xvere allowed
to suckle for a few weeks, and then all were pailed. The costly Duke of
Connaught got many calves, and no expense was spared in rearing them.
The buildings in which the cattle are wintered are spacious, and water is
supplied in troughs throughout.
In a celebrated Monmouthshire herd all calves were suckledthe heifers
were weaned at five months, but the bulls were more liberally dealt with
and suckled for months longer, so that they would be in blooming condition
for buyers. Many of the cattle were wintered out in the open fields, and
as these were well sheltered, and as the climate was mild, this system was
found to be very conducive to the health of the stock.
In several herds which are not of high pedigree value, very economical
systems are in use, and high prices are not affected. The young bulls are sold
to farmers at about 25 gs. The cows are alxvays milked, and the calves get
nexv milk for a week and skim milk is then mixed with it. Shortly afterwards
the calf has entirely to drink skim milk. Dry food, cake, and meal are given
in the boxes when the calves are old enough to use such food. The feeding of
the stock all round is very moderate all through, and the heifers are mated
so as to bring their calves when three years old. The young bulls are not
closely confined, and they come out, when fit for sale, very hairy, and active
on their legs.
The habit of other breeders was to add boiled whole linseed mucilage
or gruel made from linseed-meal to the skim-milk, in proportion as the new
milk was withdrawn. This was considered very desirable, as it is of great
importance to keep up flesh on young calves and to prevent any check or
shrinking. Few things look so wretched as a starveling calf, and nothing is
more unprofitable than a thriftless animal, whatever its breeding may be.
In Somersetshire and Gloucestershire a favourite system is to feed the
young stock under cover with hay and roots, linseed cake, and barley meal.
One advantage of dealing liberally with heifers in regard to feeding is that
they may calve at the age of two and a half years instead of at three years
old.
In his paper on the Management of a Shorthorn Herd, which was con-
tributed to the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England in i88o
(Vol. XVI., Part ii, Second Series), Mr. William Housman gave the follow-
ing account of the system in Aberdeenshire, mainly based on information
obtained during a visit to the farms of Sittyton, Clyne, and Middleton, Ab-
erdeenshire, then in the occupation of Mr. A. Cruickshank :The cattle are
tied up in stalls for about thirty weeks of the year, and graze for about
twenty-two weeks; but owing to cold and frequent frost at night, part of
even this time is of doubtful advantage for grazing, and cattle for feeding
are generally taken in sooner. It is obvious that in such a climate good
housing is of great importance. The breeding cows are tied up in byres,

and have everything brought to them, never being loosed, from autumn to
spring, when in-calf. Where, as is commonly the case, there are double rows
of cows, the animals stand with their heads to the wall, a grip behind sep-
arating the two rows. This is generally quite four feet wide, and the width
of the whole building is from twenty-three to twenty-four feet, the stalls
measuring seven feet six inches from grip-stone to head, the trough one foot
six inches, and the width of a stall designed to hold two full-sized cows is
about eight feet. Plenty of room overhead is a great point, with good light
and ventilation without draughts. Doors, too, should always be of sufficient
width to allow the cattle to pass in and out without injury. The floorings are
generally paved with small stones set in sand; if set in cement still better,
so as to prevent the foundation soil from becoming foul.
Young cattle are usually kept in small yards with covered boxes attached;
the box is about sixteen feet by fourteen feet, with a yard of the same size
for four heifers of ten to twelve months. No cattle, young or old, are turned
out into the fields during winter and spring. When in autumn they are taken
in, they have yellow turnips and oat or barley straw. The yellow turnips
continue good until February or March, when swedes come in to take their
place, and are used until the grass comes in May. For some years previously
to I 88o finger and toe and wet seasons had seriously reduced the turnip
crops of the district, and it had been sometimes necessary to add some
artificial food for the cows. The young cattle have always a small allowance
up to twelve months old; but turnips and oat straxv are, and long have been,
the principal feeding materials to which the farmers of Aberdeenshire trust.
The county is essentially a straw and turnip district as regards stock-keeping,
and this main feature should be steadily remembered. With reference to the
kinds of dry food given as a substitute for turnips when the root crops have
failed, some little variation upon the different farms were noticed. But the
following may serve as an average sample of feeding for cows in a bad turnip
season :Fifty-six pounds of turnips per diem, given morning and evening,
and ten pounds of straw divided over three feeds. In the middle of the day,
instead of one feed of turnips, a mixture of a pound and a half of ground
decorticated cotton cake, and a pound and a half of oat husks is given. The
oat husks give little or no nourishment, but they are rough and bulky, and
prevent any danger which might arise from concentrated food, such as
cotton cake. In a year when the turnip crop is good, the cows would have
turnips three times a day, about thirty-five pounds at each feed, or from
one hundred to one hundred and twelve pounds per die;,;, with about ten
pounds of straxv (as above) divided over three meals. The cows are milked
between five and six oclock in the morning; turnips are given at six; the
byres are cleaned out and the animals fed and bedded with straw; at eleven
in the forenoon they are again milked, and at about half-past twelve, turnips
(if a good turnip season) and straw are again given, and the byres are again
cleaned; from four to six in the afternoon the animals are again fed with
turnips and straw, and all manure is removed; and from six to seven in the
evening the cows are again milked. When the turnip crop has failed, some
such artificial food as the sample already stated, but chosen according to
price and circumstances, is substituted for one feed of turnips.
The system for the young cattle in boxes is much the same as for the
cows, except that the heifers have fewer turnips and more artificial food. No
linseed cake is used except for these young cattle, and it is given before they
have turnips in the morning. This prevents danger of swelling, which often
is troublesome when turnips are given first. In arranging young cattle in
boxes, care is taken to sort them according to age and strength, and when
one is unfairly treated by the others, a change is made until all have an
equal chance of food and rest. Young cattle receive some such food as the
following, varying with prices and seasons :Heifers, ten to twelve months
old, daily allowance about one pound of ground decorticated cotton cake,
one pound of ground barley or oats (generally the inferior grain, which is
too light to sell to advantage), two pounds of linseed-cake, a quarter of a
pound of locust (charob) beans, a quarter of a pound of bran, and one and
a half pound of oat hulls; turnips from fifty to sixty pounds, and straw, of
which they eat daily about five or six pounds.
A full supply of good clean drinking-water is of first importance where
any cotton cake is given. When cattle have plenty of turnips, they will
not usually drink, except, perhaps, when deep milking or some casual drain
upon the system causes thirst, but if a supply of water be not within reach
of all cattle, especially when kept tied up or in boxes, great vigilance on
the part of the herdsman or manager is necessary, on the ground of both
humanity and self-interest; for even when turnips are largely used, they are
not always sufficient to meet the demands of nature; and, to say nothing of
the cruel sufferings of a thirsty animal debarred from access to water, I have
reason to believe that losses to the owner not seldom occur from failure to
supply water to turnip-fed cattle. Such animals may often refuse water, but
should have the chance of getting it in case they happen to require it.
The calving time may be considered as ranging from the beginning of
September to the beginning of May, but by far the greater number of calves
come in February, March, and April. They are reared by their dams; there-
fore, when the cows go out to grass in May, they are generally suckling young
calves. The practice with regard to the bull varies in different herds. In Mr.
A. Cruickshanks herd, at Sittyton, when the cow had calved about six or
seven weeks she was turned out with the bull every day; and in summer the
bull grazed regularly with the cows. In this herd, where, as throughout
Aberdeenshire, all cows suckled their offspring, the cows generally calved
again within twelve months of their previous calving. Running constantly
with the bull, they came in use sooner than they would if separated from
him, and were in no danger of being missed. One bull under this system
could not sire so many calves as if he were kept alone and used sparingly
in the ordinary way, but the general produce of the herd was increased.
Attention must be paid to the bulls feet, or he may easily become useless
after winter confinement. When cows turn to the bull frequently they are
not allowed access to him for some time.
When the cow calves, the calf is tied up beside her, and for some time,
until it is well able to take all her milk, the cow is regularly milked, the
calf sucking at the same time, so that the cow cannot retain her milk. The
theory isand I believe it to be perfectly truethat many of the frequent and
dis- couraging losses among young calves are caused by the allowance of
too much milk at a tender age. The calves should be kept hungrythat is,
never allowed to satisfy themselves for the first three weeks of their lives.
Scouring and indigestion, with consequent formation of hair balls in the
stomach, arise from too liberal or irregular feeding. When the cows go out
to grass, the milk generally increases, and sometimes it is again necessary to
resort to hand-milking to take away the surplus. After the calf is weaned,
the cow is regularly milked three times in the day. Indeed, at all times care
is taken to relieve the cow of all her milk.
The calves are trained to eat oilcake and sliced turnips as soon as pos-
sible, and are weaned at from seven to eight months old. The young bulls
which are to be sold in autumn generally get some oilcake in the fields dur-
ing the later summer, and the heifer calves depend on their mothers and the
grass.
The heifers are generally put to the bull so as to calve at from twenty-
four to twenty-six months old. This early breeding tends to reduce size, and
must be met with liberal feeding. When, however, the breeding is put off to
another season, the risk of permanent infertility is greatly increased, and a
years rest at three or four years old, generally enables the animal to come
to its full size.
Some further notes on points of management in other herds are added.
By the most experienced and most successful breeders much stress is laid
upon the maintenance of unchecked progress in young stock, and it is held
that, in feeding young cattle, if a loss of flesh is allowed to occur, it never
can be altogether made good again.
That fell disease, quarter, evil, has to be guarded against. It is usual to
seton the calves in the dewlap, and this precaution together with the use
of oilcake, is found, as a rule, to prevent losses.
Bran is a favourite article of food with some herd-owners, and it is, in
many cases, used with turnips. In certain places, particularly when swedes
may happen to be a short crop, the bran is mixed with straw or hay chaff
moistened with treacle.
Scotch breeders are eminently practical, and they never allow their ani-
mals to know want from their birth to maturity. They give liberal keep, but
do not force their breeding stock, and in this way no damage is done to the
milking powers, which are developed uninterfered with, in accordance with

the natural powers latent in the young animals.
The Earl of Dunmore, of Dunmore, near Stirling, founded a famous and
very highly bred herd. Great skill was brought to bear on the breeding and
management of this great and costly collection of Shorthorns. Everything
was done on a most liberal scale, and all that skilful feeding could do to grow
the young stock and to keep the entire herd in fine health and condition was
well and generously carried out.
Another noted Scottish herd, managed with extraordinary skill, and very
successful in the show-yards, was that owned by Mr. James Douglas, of
Athelstaneford, in East Lothian. Mr. Douglas talents as applied to showing
were rarely surpassed. None but a very clever and experienced feeder could
hope to manage such a show team as he constantly had in hand. His was the
genius, his the guiding spirit in everything connected with the management
of the show cattle, and in the pursuit of gaining fame in the prize-ring he
was often known to spend anxious nights and weary days. In feeding,. as
he did, at high pressure for the show-yard, great skill is required. There
must be variety of diet, and the changes must be carefully and intelligently
made. The effect of the many articles of food employed must be watched,
and unwearied attention and close observation are all required to obtain
success. The feeder must be very fond of his charges, and very proud of
their success when achieved. Mr. Douglas forced his show animals to the
highest point which he thought consistent with safety, but in certain cases,
notwithstanding all his skill, the point was over-reached.
Mr. Maxwell Gumbleton, of Glanatore, Ireland, was an enthusiastic
admirer of Shorthorns. His herd was not very expensively managed, and
the bulk of the stock were fed in a very moderate mannerindeed, the cows
were generally thin, and the grass in a great part of the demesne was only
of poor quality. New milk was the chief food of the calves, and pail- feeding
was the rule, but heifers on their first calf were usually allowed to suckle
their calves. Tom Quinn relied a great deal upon new milk, but stout grains
were sometimes used as an additional article of food. He fed little and often.
Mr. Gumbleton was at one time led to form a high opinion of the value
of flax seed boiled down whole into a mucilage, and this he mixed with
the milksometimes with a short allowance of new milk and sometimes with
skimmed milk. Having been used rather freely, it was found that it exercised
an injurious effect upon certain organs, especially on the kidneys. A few
calves died, and, on post-mortem, it was found that the cause of death was
disease of the kidneys. Ac- cordingly, for the future, the flax-seed mucilage
was only very sparingly used. It may be remarked in passing, that in the
herd of Mr. George Allen, of Unicarville, co. Down, the very same result of
kidney disease occurred as in the herd at Glanatore.
Pulped turnips and chaffed straw were the usual winter feed for the cows,
but hay was given when the spring set in, so as to impart some freshness
of condition ere the cows produced their calves. Cabbage was much grown
at Glanatore, and was greatly in favour as a food for the calves and the
young stock. As at Ballywalter, it was cut through a turnip grater, and
was thus easily and satisfactorily mixed with the meals and crushed linseed,
and decorticated cotton cake. This latter cake was much in favour with Mr.
Gumble- ton, and he pronounced most distinctly in its favour, against the
undecorticated sort, as the use of the latter cost him the lives of several
Shorthorns. It was beyond the power of their digestive organs.
In another herd in Ireland, showing was, for many years, used as a means
of drawing attention to the herd, and a great many prizes and challenge
cups were xvon. Animals in training for show-yards must be got to eat
and drink a great deal, and they accordingly take too much sometimes,
and then lose their appetite. In such cases the skilful feeder has to employ
his art, and he must get the appetite restored; new tone must be given to
the digestive system. The use of ground malt, mixed with other foods, has
proved valuable in such cases, owing to its peculiar lightness and digestibility.
The management of the herd was conducted on liberal lines, and this was
quite warranted, as good prices were obtained both from home and foreign
buyers. In fine weather the heifer calves were left out with their dams, as
there was good shelter from the sun when hot, afforded by the trees growing
in or around the fields. In winter all the cattle got turnips, and in the spring
they had mangolds; but great care was taken that they should not be given
in excess. Large feeds of cold, sometimes icy, turnips, such as are sometimes
given by unskilful cattlemen, were never allowed. Every precaution xvas
taken against the occurrence of that great misfortune of slipping or casting
calf, and it was seldom experienced. The roots were pulped and mixed with
hay or straw chaff, and, with the pulped mangolds, it was usual to mix malt
coombs, got from a distillery at a moderate price, in addition to the hay or
straw chaff. The malt coombs were found to have the effect of counteracting
the laxative tendency of the mangold, a food productive of mischief to cows
with calf.
The feeding given to the cattle in training for shows was of the usual
liberal character, in addition to the new milk, and cattle spice and savoury
foods were often used to stimulate and keep up the appetite. The young
bulls were kept in loose-boxes, with yards attached, into which they were
let out at pleasure. When old enough they were haltered and walked out
often, so that they were made hardy, and could be shown to advantage to
visitors. Oilcake, bran, crushed oats, and finely ground maize were much
used, but bran-meal was never largely employed, and when it was given, care
was taken to mix it with food which would neutralise its heating properties.
Good bran was very much in favour as an element in dieting, because it
is very digestible and nutritious, while it is peculiarly valuable for growing
stock, containing as it does a large share of ash or bone- forming material.
Warm bran-mashes given to cows after calving have a comforting and healing
effect. Bruised maize, boiled and mixed with bran, was found very useful.
Rock salt was placed in large lumps in vessels put in the fields, so that
the cows could lick it at their pleasure, and pieces of it were placed in the
houses within reach of the young cattle. Young calves had a lump of chalk
in their mangers, the licking of which was useful to correct acidity in the
stomach, and the flatulence which it often produces. A useful thing also to
place before a calf is a small piece of a sod with the earthy side turned up.
They sometimes will lick this and eat a little of it, with good effect upon the
tone of the stomach. Hay of fine quality was always fixed in the calf boxes,
in a net or small rack, and of this the calves partook with benefit, and it
brought them on the cud.
It was not desired that the heifers should calve until they were two and a
half years of age, or a little older. A great deal of attention was paid to the
cultivation of milking powers, and many of the cows were deep milkers, and
gave as much as twenty imperial quarts a daya few of them even exceeded this
when on grass. Precautions were taken against milk fever, but not always
with success. A useful recipe was composed of i oz. aromatic spirits of
ammonia, 3 ozs. spirits of turpentine, I glass of brandy, and i quart of ale,
given all together every four hours.
The most valuable advice, however, on this matter, with a view to pre-
vention, was obtained from an article which appeared in the Journal of the
Royal Agricultural Society of England, No. 33, Part I., i88o, on Parturient
Apoplexy. This was written by Mr. Simmonds, VS., and he recommended
careful diet and exercise before calving, and mild purgatives. The chief point
was thishe advised that the cow should get, immediately after parturition,
i oz. laudanum and 2 ozs. nitric ether, upon about a pint of tepid water
or gruel. This advice we invariably adopted after reading this article in the
Journal. The dose proved satisfactory in its results.
Another point in the management of the herd may be alluded to, and
this is, that proper attention was paid to the condition of the feet of the
animals. These xvere always pared when necessary, and they were often
washed out well with soft soap and warm water.
A golden rule in herd management is that every animal should be kept
thriving, and this requires watchful care that each animal should have
sufficient food, none being wasted and that calfhood should ever be regarded
as a most important period in the life of the stock, because any serious
disorder incurred at that period might entail effects which may never be
entirely counteracted during the rest of their lives.
It is desirable, with a view to the successful management of a herd of
Shorthorns, to remember the well-known phrase, a bull is half a herd. A
really first-rate sire is sure to prove a good bargain, even at a large price.
In the herd of Mr. Thomas Barnes, of Westland, co. Meath, the system
of management was in every way liberal, and for some years heifers as xvell
as bulls were exhibited with great success. The feeding of heifers for show
was soon discontinued, as they were too valuable to subject them to all
the risks and perils which the training for show-yard honours involves. Like
Mr. Richard Welsted, Mr. Barnes had all his cows milked, as he feared
loss by bad udders if the calves were allowed to suck them. New milk was
given pure, and no other food was mixed with it. Dry food was put into the
troughs for the calves to eat as soon as they were old enough, and a piece
of rock-salt was placed before each calf to lick at pleasure.
Mr. Barnes was not particularly anxious to get large quantities of milk
from his cows, because he regarded this as quite a secondary matter. His
great aim was to breed bulls of high class, but some cows, such as the
prize-taking Sylph, who bred the gold-medal bull, Dr. McHale, were capital
milkers. No matter how good a milker a cow might be, he would not retain
her unless she could breed a really good bull. His other animals were always
well brought out, and were frequent winners at the shows of the Royal Dublin
Society. The stud bulls he had walked out every day for a considerable
distance upon the public road, so that their feet would be kept hard and in
healthy condition.
One of the most important points in Mr. Barnes management was, that
in order to restore fertility to his pure Booth Mantalini tribe, he sent his
best pure Booth cow to Lancashire for service by a Bates sire, Grand Duke
3rd. The effect of this was to renew the fertility of the Mantalini tribe, and
the tendency of this tribe to produce bull-calves in excess was altered. After
the Bates cross, the females produced an excess of heifers.
This departure, on the part of Mr. Barnes, from the beaten track, happy
as it was in its results, proved that long-continued breeding from close con-
sanguineous relationships is not consistent with good management of a
Shorthorn herd.
Mr. R. Welsted, of Ballywalter, allowed all calves to suck their dams for
three days and then they were fed, on pure new milk, from the pail. His
annual sale of the bull-calves in October led him to give them a great deal of
the milk, as they must be in fine condition for the auction. The heifer- calves
were, therefore, stinted until October, after which period they got all the
milk amongst them. No butter was made, save enough to supply the house.
Mr. Welsted grew very heavy crops of mangel-wurzel and cabbage, and he
cut the roots and the cabbage through a turnip-cutter, so that crushed oats
and meal could be thoroughly mixed with them. The young bulls were kept
in very airy boxes, which, being all thatched, were cool in summer. They had
one side open to the air, as it was made up by laths at some distance apart
one from the other. Mr. Welsted was careful to give the stock bulls plenty
of exercise, and he, therefore, never lost one from that frequent ailment in
such cases, paralysis.
The in-calf cows and heifers were very often out-lyers all winter in the
sheltered fields which were round at Ballywalter, and which afforded plenty
of food in the rough grass which was spared specially for this purpose. Under
this management slipping calf very rarely occurred, the cows not being
driven or rushed at any time. It was arranged that the heifers should produce
their calves between two and a half and three years old. Mr. Welsted did
not wish for their very early calving, as he considered that this would injure
their due growth and development. He never fed them highly, and there
were few barreners at any time in his herd. Any cows which were in milk
and housed were turned out on the pastures every day, let the weather be
what it may.
Very few herds of such excellent pedigree were managed in such a natural
way as was that bred at Ballywalter, and as a consequence there was, as a
rule, a full drop of calves among the fields watered by the river Awbeg.
Mr. William T. Talbot-Crosbie formed a Shorthorn herd at Ardfert
Abbey, Tralee, at an early date, and continued to breed for more than fifty
years, up to the time of his death in 1900. The situation and climate of
Ardfert, which is situated near the Atlantic Ocean, are very favourable for
a breeding stock, and the grass comes unusually early, as by the end of
March there is often a good bite. Careful and skilful management had
always been the rule, and the buildings are modern and admirably adapted
for high-class stock. There are large tying-up stalls, as well as ample box
accommodation. Sheds, open to the air at the front, surround several yards,
from which they are fenced off by strong timber railings and gates. The
boxes have all ventilators at top, and each has not only a close door but a
rail gate, so that the air supply can be regulated as desired according to the
season and the state of the weather. The gates are very valuable when the
temperature is high, as through them an abundance of fresh air is admitted;
while on cold days the shelter of the close- fitting doors is necessary and
welcome.
During the earlier part of his career as a breeder Mr. Crosbies chief aim
was to produce bulls of a superior class, good for beef and milk, which would
improve the general stock of the country, including that of his own tenantry;
but, as is elsewhere noted, at a later period he grew more ambitious, as he
paid high prices for females of choice Booth pedigree, and hired many of the
best bulls from Warlaby. While beef naturally occupied the first place, milk
was also considered, and the cows were generally good milkers.
At Ardfert all the calves were suckled on their dams, and ran out with
them on the pastures, but when the bull-calves became old enough to be
troublesome, they were kept in the boxes and their dams were brought in
from the pastures twice a day to suckle them.
When the young bulls were weaned, about the end of October, they were
managed in a rather unusual way; two were kept in a box, and remained
so up to the period of the annual sale in April. Care was, of course, taken
that they were pretty even in point of age and strength, so that one of them
would not consume too much of the food allotted to the pair.
The box system of making manure was adopted to a certain extent,
pits being excavated in the boxes, fresh litter put in when required, and
the pits cleared out after the animals were sold each April. Rails were laid
through the feeding houses, and the food was conveyed over them alongside
the feeding troughs. Roots, both turnip and mangel, were pulped so that
they could be nicely mixed with an allowance of linseed and decorticated
cotton cake, crushed oats and bran. In this mixture of added foods the
weight of linseed cake is usually greatest, and the young bulls and heifers
thrive admirably on this. well-balanced diet of roots, cake, and corn stuff.
Long hay of fine quality was always given to the young stock, and materially
assisted their growth. Indeed, prime hay must always rank high as a valuable
article in the diet of growing cattle.
The plan adopted in many herds of having cows to calve at any time, all
through the year, was not approved of and therefore not adopted at Ardfert.
They were served in spring and through the summer, but not after the end
of September. When the calves were weaned the dams were stripped of their
milk twice a day, and put dry as soon as this could be done with safety. The
cows were not heavily fed, and their winter food consisted mainly of roots
and straw, with access to water. Bran was liberally used to the cows both
before and after calving, and was justly considered a most valuable article
of food for breeding cows. It was usually given warm for a week or ten days
before the cows calved, and for a short period after. Subsequently they got
long hay and an allowance of bran mixed through the roots. In the case of
heavily fleshed cows which may be rather fat, too full of condition before
calving, linseed oil was judiciously mixed with the pulped roots and chaff,
and this kept the system cool. Linseed cake was not fed to the breeding
cows, but to some of the in-calf heifers not in very good condition; it was
given in moderate quantity in addition to their ordinary winter food of straw
and turnips.
It was a very remarkable feature of the herd at Ardfert, that although all
the cows suckled their calves, they bred very regularly, each cow giving, as a
rule, a calf every year. This is a contrast to the experience of suckling in other
herds, in which, although their management was undoubtedly skilful, the
owners were obliged to relinquish the practice, owing to the difficulty found
in getting the cows to take the bull at the usual timethat is, sufficiently soon
after calving. It seems probable that the climate of this favoured western
shore in Kerry may account for this valuable fecundity of the cows under
circumstances which have elsewhere proved prejudicial to it.
Mr. Crosbie for some years, rather early in his career, fed animals for
show and won many prizes at the meetings of the Royal Dublin Society.
Without a careful and skilful herdsman it is almost a hopeless task for
most breeders to carry on a herd successfully if showing be in favour.
There are, of course, some Shorthorn breeders who are virtually themselves
the herdsmen and managers of the stock they own. A good herdsman
loves his charges, and takes as deep an interest and as great a pride in the
animals under his care as the owner himself. There are, as a matter of
course, degrees of excellence and skill. The world has rarely seen such a
manager and feeder for show as Joe Culshaw, Colonel Towneleys bailiff. He
was constantly exhibiting bulls, cows, and heifers, but the herd was always
in high health and very prolificthere were plenty of calves in the boxes. As
mentioned, Mr. Douglas, of Athelstaneford, directed in person the feeding
of his show teams, but he had for years a herdsman of singular ability, whose
skill in treating sick animals was little short of wonder- full. He had a natural
facility for diagnosisa thing which must be born with a manand he quickly
and always accurately fixed upon the causethe seatof any illness. Once the
cause is clearly ascertained, treatment becomes easy, and success in curing
illness is assured by the administration of proper remedies, should recovery
be possible.
That dreadful disease called black quarter, or quarter evil, is a great
source of danger, and the best conditioned calves are most liable to be
attacked by it. Prudence dictates that all calves should be setoned, yet
this is not always done. At Holker it was never omitted by Mr. Drewry,
yet that able breeder, the late Mr. John B. Booth, of Killerby, made the
mistake of omitting the precaution, because, as the disease was never known
at Killerby, he concluded that it never would be known. One evil autumn
day, however, came, bringing the disease to his herd, and it killed a number
of very valuable calves. It is needless to say that setoning was in future
never neglected.
Another disease of a dangerous and often fatal sort is milk fever, or drop-
ping after calving, and this is especially frequent amongst high-conditioned
cows. Precautions should always be taken against this malady by feeding
sparingly for some time before calving, and administering laxitives occa-
sionally. In summer, cows should be taken off grass a fortnight before they
are due to calve. Feeding on hay and giving a little linseed cake answers
in the boxes. With all these precautions the fever occasionally sets in, and
the administration of a sedative draught has been found of very great value
imme.. diately after the cow has dropped her calf. Doubtless if this were al-
ways done, there would be fewer cases of milk fever. The injection of a fluid
into the teats is now, in several quarters, spoken of with some confidence
when the disease has set in, but prevention is regarded as preferable to cure,
the latter being always, to some extent, in an atmosphere of uncertainty.
Chapter 19
Review of progress
The history of Improved Shorthorn cattle, as unfolded in the preceding

pages, is a marvellous record of progress and expansion. It has been shown
that the breed originated in a comparatively small area in the north-east of
England, and that the materials on which it was founded were in the hands
of a number of far-seeing men, who were the pioneers of improvement. The
best specimens of the various strains were selected by the brothers Coilingthe
best, that is, according to their advanced ideas, and not always what the
owners of these cattle considered the best. Adopting the system of breeding
from animals closely allied in blood (first carried out on a definite and well
considered plan by Bakewell), they imparted to the Shorthorn race that
uniformity, combined with impressive power, by means of which its superior
character was stamped upon all the stock with which the improved breed
was brought into contact. The rise of the breed was not accidental, but
was in response to a demand for a type of cattle to supersede the big and
ungainly older sorts that were adapted to conditions that were passing away,
as the result of the agricultural and industrial progress of the country.
Bakewell attempted to supply these requirements by applying his system
to the Longhorn, which was then the most extensively cultivated variety in
England, but even his remarkable genius was not sufficient to conquer the
inherent difficulties of the position. Another type had to be systematically
developed to meet the needs of the time, and it was the Shorthorn and
not the Longhorn that emerged successfully from the competitive trial, its
triumph being due alike to the inherent superiority of the breed, and to the
skill displayed by the early improvers.
The breed that was wanted was one that would mature rapidly, yield
a large amount of choice meat, and produce a plentiful supply of milk of
good quality. At the outset, there is little doubt that meat rather than milk
was the first consideration, although the new variety was distinguished for
its dual capacity as a meat and milk producer, and several of the leading
breeders devoted attention to the development of both, and retained these
723
724 CHAPTER 19. REVIEW OF PROGRESS
twofold characteristics in their stock. It was, however, chiefly the demand for
increased meat production that stimulated Bakewell, and later the Collings,
in their efforts, for the population was rapidly growing and the standard of
living was advancing. As has been seen, the former insuperable difficulty
in the way of keeping a considerable number of cattle in winter had been
removed by the spread of the cultivation of turnips as a field crop, and by the
extended use of artificial grasses. Then the horse was gradually displacing
the ox for the work of a more complex system of husbandry. All these
circumstances gave the opportunity for the introduction of an improved
breed, and the Shorthorn, as improved by the Collings, fully satisfied the
various requirements.
The chronicle of its extension has to a considerable extent necessarily
taken the form of biographical sketches of the leading breeders, notices of
the strains which they employed in building up their herds, an account of
the improvements they effected, the sires they used, and a note of the sales
they made and the prizes they won. It has been shoxvn, first of all, how the
breed extended over England, until it was found in nearly every county. In
some parts the native sorts successfully resisted the invader, and there are
still many districts in which these varieties have not been displaced, as well
as large areas of the country where they have firmly established themselves,
and have attained high merit as distinct and valuable breeds. But while
this is the case, it may be said that the Shorthorn is the predominant breed
throughout the greater part of England, and it is to this race that the chief
advance in the cattle stock is to be traced.
Scotland adopted the breed almost immediately after it was developed in
its improved type, and here again, making all allowance for the vorth of the
native breeds, the Shorthorn contributed a large share to the improvement
of the cattle of that country also.
In Ireland, the extension of the breed, dating from an early year in the
last century, has been widespread and continuous. It has dominated the
stock of the United States and Canada, of the Argentine and Australia, and
has left a strong mark in France, and elsewhere on the Continent of Europe.
The breed was rapidly lifted into high commercial value. The Collings
had called attention to its merits, not only by the success of their breed-
ing animals at the first shows of the Agricultural Society for the county of
Durham (one of the earliest exhibitions of the kind on record) from 1785
to 1797, but also by the exhibition throughout the country of the Durham
Ox and the White Heifer that travelled, by the publication of large prints of
their most famous animals, and by other means. The fact that it was these
highly fattened specimens that were sent out to represent the improved
breed indicates that it was to the beef making qualities that the Collings
wished to call special attention, though they also had families noted for
milk, especially the elder brother, Robert Colling, at Barmpton. Bulls were
let and sold by the Collings at high rates. Then came the Ketton sale in
725
i8io, the Barmpton sales in i8i8 and 1820 and the Chilton sale in 1829, 1 at
all of which high prices were realised. The demand for the Shorthorns then
offered for sale, and the prices obtained, gave clear evidence of a growing
desire to bring about the improvement of British cattle, and they were also
a practical recognition of the valuable strains that had been established at
those early homes of the breed. From the Ladykirk herd in Scotland John
Rennie, of Phantassie, had secured cattle full of Colling blood, and when
the shows of the Highland and Agricultural Society commenced in 1822, he
carried all before him with his Shorthorns; while public appreciation was
further manifested by the prices realised at his sales in 1827 and 1828. It
was from the Chilton sale, in 1829, that the first important purchases were
made for Ireland, this being the real commencement of a connection with
the breed that has since been continued with the greatest benefit to that
country.
It is remarkable that a considerable part of this progress was made with-
out the aid of a Herd Book, the first volume of which was not published
until 1822, when George Coates, with the financial support of Mr. Jonas
Whitaker, was enabled to issue the pedigrees, which, amid much difficulty,
he had been collecting for several years. In view of the obstacles that arose,
and the lack of support from some breeders who might have given much
valuable assistance, the Herd Book, when it appeared, was more complete
than could have been expected. That mistakes crept in is not surprising,
for the knowledge of the correct method of recording pedigrees was then im-
perfect, and the fragmentary way in which the records had been preserved
was another cause of unavoidable error. Some of the gaps were filled up by
the publication of Mr. Thomas Bells History (1871), which contains notes
on many prominent individual animals that were made by Mr. Thomas
Bates. The information has been further increased by the diligent research
of Mr. John Thornton, whose articles on the Early Shorthorns, contained in
Vols. I. and II. of his Record of Shorthorn Transactions, preserve valuable
information as to the early history of the breed.
Another stage in Shorthorn progress was reached when the shows of the
Royal Agricultural Society of England were commenced in 1839. At the first,
second, and third of these, Mr. T. Bates was very successful. He had secured
some of the best animals of the breed from the Collings and others, and had
adopted the system of in-and-in breeding, which they had pursued in the
systematic improvement of their herds. The Kirklevington cattle possessed
a length, style, and character which excited admiration, and their milking
properties had been a subject of solicitude on the part of the very skilful
and intelligent breeder who established and owned the herd. When the
Kirklevington sale took place in 1850, it was clearly seen that the reputation
of the herd was not confined to Great Britain. It had extended to the
United States, and representatives were present to endeavour to purchase
some of the best specimens. This was not, of course, the commencement of
the American demand for Shorthorns, which dates from the closing years of
the eighteenth century, but a new and powerful element was then introduced,
which exercised a far-reaching influence on the future of the breed. Both at
Kirklevington and still more, a few years afterwards, at Tortworth Court, in
1853, when the Kirklevington cattle purchased by Earl Ducie were dispersed,
the breeders from the United States were vigorous bidders, and did not
go away empty handed. Their preference for the Bates type was no more
accidental or fanciful than was the original development and adoption of
the breed as the predominant variety in the United Kingdom. It was the
outcome of economical requirements, and was based upon the study of this
and other varieties of the race. Mr. Warfield, on another page, has told of
the early Shorthorn importations into the United States. The Bates cattle
were considered to be the most suitable for crossing with the descendants
of these, and for use upon the unimproved races in the realisation of a vast
design to make the United States the greatest beef- producing country in the
world. That errors in breeding occurred afterwards is unquestionable, partly
because the work was liable to the imperfections of all human effort; but
there was no blunder at the outset, and when the British ports were opened
to American cattle, it was seen that the work had been successful to a marked
degree, for the Bates-crossed cattle, that laid the foundation of the export
trade in commercial stock that has brought millions of money to American
agriculturists, were of outstanding merits, judged by the requirements of
that period.
In the meantime, at home, another type of the breed was receiving its
due meed of appreciation. Mr. Bates did not long continue to exhibit his
stock at the Royal Agricultural Societys shows. His successes at Oxford,
Cambridge, and Liverpool, in 1839, 1840, and 1841, yielded the desired
results. In 1841 was commenced in earnest a still more brilliant series of
victories at the national shows, and for years afterwards a stream of winners
proceeded from Killerby and Warlaby, the star of the Booths then being in
the ascendant. If the United States declared for Bates, no less emphatically
did Ireland cast her verdict for the Booths. The wider and deeper frames
of these cattle, with shoulders more laid back, deep fore ribs, well-packed
quarters and thick loins suited them admirably as a cross for the descendants
of the Mason stock so extensively introduced from the Chilton sale in 1829,
and for many years the leading Irish breeders selected sires exclusively from
the herds of the Booths in England. The late Mr. T. C. Booth, in his
evidence before the Select Committee on fhe Cattle Plague, in 1877, merely
gave expression to a widely recognised fact when he said, We claim that my
family have done more for Ireland than many other people have done. For
sixty years we have had the whole of the Shorthorn bull trade there in our
hands. The influence of the Booth sires in improving the cattle in Ireland
at that period was no less conspicuous than that of the Bates blood in the
United States.
727
Later the Towneley herd came to the front in the show- yards, and while
the animals from it were eagerly secured for English herds, specimens of this
strain were exported to Australia, where, however, the objects of breeding
were somewhat different, and where other sorts were also freely intro-
duced. The Knightley blood was also sought for by breeders in England on
account of the valuable dairy properties of these cattle.
It has been an object of the preceding chapters, while doing full justice to
Kirklevington, Warlaby, and Killerby, to show that there is, and always has
been, a wealth of good Shorthorn blood in addition to that tracing to the
herds of Messrs. Bates and Booth. But it is equally correct to say that for
years these two great names overshadowed all others. The North American
demand for the Bates strains increased, and for many years Ireland kept
firm in her allegiance to the Booth tribes. This pre-eminence was at once
an advantage and a severe trial. In the United States some of the methods
of breeding, originated in this country, were carried to great extremes. The
demand was for pure Bates, and those who owned the blood at home were
obliged to conform to the fashion. Close breeding had been practised by
nearly all the early improvers ; it was indeed a leading part of the Bakewell
method. But America also favoured line breeding and an adherence to red
colour. The choice of breeders was restricted; Bates families had to be
wholly of Kirklevington extraction, and also, as far as possible, bred in line.
Breeders could not freely introduce fresh blood, even when they saw it was
necessary to do so. It was, as has been seen, a great work that had to
be done in grading up the American cattle, and so not only supplying the
expanding home demand, but also capturing the markets of the world for
beef. As this was to be done through the agency largely of Bates blood, the
values of these strains became vastly enhanced, and the specimens of the
approved families, with the accepted crosses, being comparatively scarce,
they became precious and reached high prices.
A certain amount of speculation entered into the business both at home
and abroad. In the United Kingdom the pursuit attracted the attention
and interest of many men of wealth and high social position, who thus sought
an opportunity to gratify a taste for country life and to render a service to
agriculture. Prices advanced in an extraordinary manner, culminating in
the golden seventies, when several thousand guineas were paid for individ-
ual animals at the New York Mills, Dunmore, Holker, Aylesby, Underley,
Millbeckstock, Gaddesby, and other sales. Buyers from England went to
the United States in order to select specimens of the fashionable tribes
of Bates blood for re-importation, and this further increased the prices for
which these were sold.
The movement in support of a limited number of closely bred strains was,
however, pushed too far, and under the influence of the severe agricultural
depression from 1879 onwards, the high level of values broke down, and for
several years prices for all classes (the fashionable and unfashionable alike)
ruled low, the former naturally showing the larger depreciation.

During the period of high prices and the demand for the two fashionable
strains, errors in breeding and management were in some cases made at home
as well as abroad, the most important of which probably was an occasional
failure to recognise the care necessary to prevent exclusive breeding carried
on for many years leaving its mark on the substance and constitution of
the strains that were so much concentrated. Neither the Collings, Bates,
nor the Booths themselves could have continued this course indefinitelya
time would undoubtedly have come when the blood would have required
refreshment, on even a more liberal scale than they had found it necessary
to adopt. In the meantime changes were in progress, quietly and slowly,
that were of even greater importance than the preservation of the absolute
purity of the fashionable strains of blood.
Before referring to these, however, it should be recalled that during all
the years when improvement of British breeds of cattle was being carried
out there existed a constant menace to the health of the herds of the country
through the importation of foreign diseases. The ports were open to cattle
from the continent of Europe, many parts of which were reeking with disease.
These animals, with a most flagrant disregard of safety, were permitted not
only to land at the various harbours, but to be distributed broadcast and un-
checked throughout the interior of the country. The inevitable consequence
was that the cattle plague, foot and mouth disease, and pleuro-puenmonia
were successively introduced. Many valuable herds were in consequence
destroyed, and few there were that escaped scathless. Especially sad was
the fate of some choice Shorthorn herds, into which foot and mouth disease
was brought, through the agency of these continental cattle. The direct loss
inflicted by this disease was great; it was almost heartbreaking to find, after
the pest had been suppressed, that the breeding properties of the cows had
been hopelessly ruined. That the task of rebuilding these valuable herds was
once more undertaken in hope and confidence affords one of the strongest
proofs of the habitual courage and tenacity of the British race. When one
hears harsh criticism of the action of some of those who too long adhered
to a system of breeding that has always been employed to raise varieties
of stock above the common level, it occurs that this part of the history of
our breeds and the difficulties involved should not be altogether forgotten.
There is a peculiar significance in the fact that prominent among those
who more than others worked for years to have a measure placed upon the
Statute Book that would prevent the recurrence of these fearful losses, were
such well-known breeders of Shorthorns as the late Duke of Richmond, Earl
Spencer, the late Sir Jacob Wilson, the late Mr. T. C. Booth, and Col Sir
Nigel Kingscote. Through their efforts, and those of others, the Act of 1876
was finally passed. It has been subsequently strengthened, and in its com-
pleted form may xvell be termed the Magna Charta of the British breeder,
for it ensures that his work shall not, so long as this measure continues in
729
operation, be suddenly interrupted and threatened with destruction by the

introduction of foreign diseases.
Nor, in an enumeration of the causes that led to the down- fall of prices,
should the fact be forgotten that many of the landowners who formerly sup-
ported Shorthorn breeding were very hard hit by the agricultural depression,
which, beginning in 1879, reached its culminating point a few years later.
During the period of high prices the best specimens of the fashionable
strains were in many cases placed beyond the reach of tenant farmers, who
had to be content with Short- horns of a more moderate standard of merit.
These failed to accomplish the objects that were sought, and led to disap-
pointment.
In the United States there was deterioration in the herds through close
breeding and adherence to red colour, while at the same time there arose a
demand for another type of animal carrying more flesh on a smaller frame,
the larger sized cattle having accomplished their pioneer mission in grading
up the inferior country stock. In the United States the demand was for beef;
at home it was more for milk combined with beefin fact, for the original dual
purpose Shorthorn. The collapse of wheat prices had driven many English
farmers into the milk-selling business, and there was a considerable inquiry
for deep milking cows, while it was generally recognised that in many of the
Shorthorn herds fresh blood would be desirable to restore greater wealth of
natural flesh and constitutional vigour. The subject of breeding had again
to be approached solely as an economical one, meat and milk production
being once more the ruling considerations.
It has been shown that the Shorthorn breed very early spread into the
south of Scotland, and also further north, by the efforts of Robertson of
Ladykirk, Simson of Pitcorthie, Rennie of Phantassie, Captain Barclay of
Ury, Cruickshank of Sittyton, and others. Many good herds were established
from these sources, and purchases for them were made from a large number
of the old-established stocks in England. In breeding bulls suitable for the
farmers in the north of Scotland, who had acquired a reputation in the
London niarkets for the production of the choicest beef, known as Prime
Scotch, the breeders in that part of the country rendered a service of high
importance.
The herd at Sittyton, in Aberdeenshire, was commenced in 1837 by the
brothers Anthony and Amos Cruickshank, the former being engaged in busi-
ness in Aberdeen, while the latter was the breeder and farmer who ultimately
secured a position that entitles him to rank with the most distinguished men
who have engaged in the improvement of the live stock of the farm. Here
one would like to mention in a word that it was to Mr. Anthony Cruick-
shank that the enterprise of selecting famous animals from distant herds
was mainly due, and that his precision and infinite care in the recording of
pedigrees had much to do in inducing Shorthorn breeders of the northern
counties to keep so closely in touch with the Herd Book. The system for
many years at Sittyton, as in other herds in the north of Scotland, was to in-
troduce high-priced sires from other leading breeders in England, Scotland,
and Ireland, the animals in many cases being prize winners. A first-class
beef type of animal was developed suitable not only for using with other
Shorthorns in the north, but also for crossing with the Aberdeen-Angus
breed. These two, between them, and their crosses made up the fine cattle
that won the admiration and favour of the West End London butchers. The
breeders in the north had a great advantage in being at once told by the
London salesmen what type of cattle was wanted, big animals having given
place to those of somewhat smaller size, short in the leg, more compact, and
full of flesh. But with so many changes of blood introduced into Scottish
herds on the side of the sires, as well as the many different families repre-
sented by the cows, there were decided variations in type. Sometimes the
introduced sires were very successful; occasionally they proved failures. The
test of merit of the cattle produced was suitability for the northern herds
and it was an exacting and practical criterion of worth. There was no room
to indulge in fancy, because as producers of bulls for farmers who had to
abide by the verdict of the markets, the aim had to be utility. This has
already been clearly shown, but the fact may be now repeated. There was
then no special demand in the United Kingdom for the Shorthorns of the
north of Scotland, except for use in some of the neighbouring herds or in
the commerqial stocks of farmers. As beef or milk, or both, must be the
ultimate practical aim in breeding cattle, this hard test was calculated to
bring the Sittyton and other bull-breeding herds in the district up to a high
standard as beef producers. In November, 1859, the roan bull Champion
of England 17,526 was calved at Sittyton, his sire having been Mr. Wilkin-
sons Lancaster Comet i 1,663, and his dam, Virtue by Colonel Towneleys
Plantaganet I 1,906. When the extraordinary merits of this animal as a
sire were disclosed, the system of breeding at Sittyton was changed, and the
blood of Champion of England was concentrated by Mr. Amos Cruickshank
as intensely as that of other noted sires had ever been at any of the older
historic breeding establishments in England. The type of the herd was fixed
from that time forward, and its prepotency was wonderful.
What was being quietly accomplished by the master breeder in Ab-
erdeenshire, largely escaped notice elsewhere in the United Kingdom, and
the new power that had arisen in Shorthorn breeding was scarcely realised
outside the northern division of the country. Apart from the annual sale
of young bulls, the surplus cattle that could be spared from Sittyton were
disposed of to breede.rs in Canada, and it was partly owing to this fact that
so little was known of the concentration of blood that was going on and
the remarkable results that were being brought about. A somewhat sim-
ilar method was adopted in other bull-breeding herds in Scotland, largely
through the successive use of Sittyton sires. It must also be said that the
Scotch type was not in favour with many breeders in England, as it was
731
considered to lack scope and style, though it admittedly possessed wealth of

natural flesh and compact form.
From the importations from Sittyton and other Scottish herds into Canada,
consignments were made to the United States, where the descendants of the
Bates stock had not in all cases maintained their character. Mr. Alvin H.
Sanders in his book on Shorthorn Cattle points out that the markets of
the West were being invaded by the Herefords and Aberdeen- Angus, bred
more exclusively for beef, and the establishment of the American Fat Stock
Show at Chicago, in 1878, gave these new candidates for public favour an
opportunity of which they were not slow to take advantage. It was apparent
from the beginning that before the tribunal of practical men constituting
the great body of western breeders and stock yards buyers, any such Short-
horns as possessed substance, feeding capacity, natural wealth of flesh,
could successfully defend the colours of the red, white, and roan. It was
found that the cattle that were sustaining the reputation of the breed at
the leading shows in the west, were not, as a general proposition, those
representing the prevailing fashionable blood, but that some of them were
animals brought from the old-established herds in Scotland. This led to
an increasing demand for the same strains, and they became more generally
used, both to establish new herds and refresh those in existence.
A somewhat similar experience in England later resulted in the intro-
duction of northern blood, one of the earliest herds to resort to the fresh
infusion being that belonging to the late Queen Victoria, at Windsor, vhere
Field Marshal 47,170, and other sires bred in Scotland were used with most
satisfactory results. The private sale of the Sittyton herd in May, 1889, to
Mr. Robert Bruce, acting for Messrs. James Nelson and Sons, Liverpool,
was a very important event in modern Shorthorn history, and has been
already referred to. The intention was to export the entire herd to the Ar-
gentine, but, owing to the financial troubles which arose about that date,
the herd was retained in Scotland for a time, and finally only a portion of
it was exported to Buenos Ayres, the bulk of the females being secured by
Mr. William Duthie, Collynie, Aberdeenshire, a neighbour and friend of Mr.
Cruickshank, and by Mr. J. Deane Willis, Bapton Manor, Wiltshire. In the
hands of these two breeders the Sittyton blood has been most successfully
preserved and disseminated throughout the country to the advantage of
the many herds into which it has been introduced. The fact that, when it
was seen to be required, there existed this reserve of utility Shorthorns of
good breeding, tracing to the original English foundations, has been of great
advantage, and its introduction has done much to refresh some of the old
and valuable strains that have thus been revived to the general benefit of
the entire breed. Of course there was nothing new in what are called Scotch
Shorthorns; they are exclusively of English strains of blood. What gave
them their opportunity was the fact that they had been ably bred, practi-
cally managed for utility purposes, especially the possession of plenty of
natural flesh and robust constitution.

The most prominent event in the history of the breed during the last
twenty years has probably been the expansion of the demand from the Ar-
gentine. Here was a country of great extent and producing the finest natural
cattle food in rich abundance. Far-seeing men realised that it was destined
to become one of the most important stock-producing regions in the world.
The splendid pasturage afforded unequalled sustenance for vast herds and
flocks. What had been done in North America in meat production it was
early seen could be repeated there, and from small beginnings a vast trade
in the importation of pure-bred cattle, and especially of Shorthorns, was
developed. The Argentine breeders did not commit the mistake of adhering
to a few favoured strains of blood. They wanted the best beef-producing an-
imals obtainable, and while they were exacting as to the purity of the breed
(as shown by pedigree records) they have been indifferent as to special lines
of blood. All families have been taken, if they could comply with the re-
quirements as to pedigree. In many cases showyard distinction has been
followed, but the able men employed to buy have had a free hand, if merit
and pure breeding were present, The Argentine demand coming when that
from North America and elsewhere had dwindled down to small dimensions,
proved of inestimable advantage to the breeders of Shorthorns at the end of
the nineteenth and the commencement of the twentieth centuries, and that
it has been quickly followed by great benefit to the Argentine itself is most
clearly shown by the fact that last year that country surpassed the United
States in the quantity of fresh beef exported to this country.
It has been shown that one of the greatest perils to breeding was the
introduction of disease from abroad. For years now all dangerous maladies,
such as cattle plague, foot- and-mouth disease, and pleuro pneumonia, have
at enormous cost been stamped out in the United Kingdom. This has freed
the cattle at home from restrictions on movement, and has restored confi-
dence in breeding. The export trade has recently been hampered by insis-
tence upon the application of the tuberculin test under the most disadvan-
tageous conditions, after a long voyage, and in quarantine stations. The test
as a diagnostic may be very useful for laboratory purposes, but it has been
made of general application too soon. Science has not yet said its last word
on the subject, and it is a pity that the use of this specific should have been
rendered com- pulsory as a commercial test before its properties have been
accurately ascertained. What is happening all around us every day should
convince foreign countries and the colonies that in this matter the wisest
course is to hasten slowly.
The methods of conducting the trade in Shorthorns have always formed
an important feature in connection with the spread of the breed. Origi-
nally, the prevalent system was to send animals to the fairs, which were
numerous and important in the early days, and it will have been noticed
that many historic specimens were purchased at some of the leading fairs in
733
the districts where Improved Shorthorns were first developed. From Ketton
in i8io onwards, private home sales then became general, and the names of
Messrs. Wetherell, Strafford, and Thornton have been intimately associated
with this branch of the business at various periods for many years. These
important events still continue, when large numbers or entire herds are dis-
persed. But with the increase in the number of herds, and the improved
facilities for travelling afforded by the spread of railways, a new system
sprang up as regards the disposal of young bulls and smaller numbers of
cows and heifers, and the plan of collective auctions at convenient centres
has grown in a remarkable manner. One of the first of these collective auc-
tions on a representative scale was commenced at Birmingham, with Mr.
J.B. Lythall as auctioneer, he being succeeded on his death by his son, Mr.
W. H. Lythall. Here many hundreds of animals are disposed of annually, and
there are also similar large sales held at York by Messrs. John Thornton
and Co., and at other places throughout England by various auctioneers,
while in Scotland extensive sales are conducted at Perth and elsewhere by
Messrs. Macdonald, Fraser and Co. In Ireland the spring shows of the Royal
Dublin Society have always been important centres for the distribution of
young bulls in that country, the sales being conducted privately through the
agency of Messrs. Gavin Low, Ganly, Sons and Co., and other firms, while
at Belfast Mr. John Robson conducts a large sale each spring. Auction sales
at Dublin are being organised by the Irish Shorthorn Breeders Association.
These collective sales have been the means of distributing many good and
useful animals throughout the country, as well as abroad, and while they
have certain disadvantages as compared with home auctions, inasmuch as
at the latter all the animals in a herd can be inspected, the sires and dams
being on view as well as the young stock, there are conveniences to sellers
and buyers in the collective auctions, which are appreciated, as the latter
can thus see together a large number of animals which have been previously
adjudicated upon, and can make their choice from an extensive selection
representing many strains of blood.
The stimulus of foreign demand and the tendency of the show yards have
been towards the development of the beef type of the breed. On large ranches
and estancias deep-milking cows are not required. The aim of the owners
of these establishments is solely to improve the flesh- producing qualities of
their stock, with a view, in North America, to produce beef for an increasing
population and for export, and in South America the shipping trade for meat
is also the object. A change may come in both regions before many years
have passedin fact, it is apparently not far distant, if it has not already
begun, in the United States. Fresh milk is not an exportable article, but
the large increase of an industrial community points to an expansion in the
demand for this article of food, and those who study the signs of the times
are looking up the milking families and herds of British Shorthorns with a
view to the future. As has already been pointed out, during the exclusive
run upon Bates and Booth blood the English dairymen were somewhat
neglected. They were unable to find the sires to suit among those specimens
of the breed that were within their reach as to price, and in many cases
they preferred to spend the money they could spare in the purchase of
non-pedigree bulls. There xvere and are, however, many capital milking
Shorthorns in Cumberland, Westmor- land, Yorkshire, Durham, Cheshire,
Gloucestershire, and elsewhere, there being a keen demand in these counties
for good milking cows to go into town dairies. Moreover, herds of pedigree
dairy Shorthorns are kept in many counties throughout England by those
who have milk contracts in London. Other breeders also give attention to
the milking properties, and special families of famous milk-producers have
been cultivated. Generally, however, it was found more profitable to breed
for the sale of young bulls, either for home use in herds (the management of
which was not governed by considerations of milk), or for sale to go abroad.
For years this subject was ventilated by a number of breeders, and what was
done by Mr. Tisdall, Mr. Carrington, and Mr. I. N. Edwards, at the early
shows of the British Dairy Farmers Association will not soon be forgotten,
as they demonstrated the continued possession of deep-milking properties
by pure-bred Shorthorns.
The milk question was taken up prominently by Mr. Richard Stratton
and others, and through their instrumentality prizes were given at the sum-
mer shows for cows of good milking type. Mr. Stratton pointed out that
the Shorthorn had won its predominant position in England and Ireland
through its remarkable combined qualities as a milk and beef producer, no
other breed being comparable to it in these two essential properties for a
general purpose breed. It may be doubtful, he wrote in 1897, whether the
Shorthorn of former days was more remarkable for its milking or for its
beef- producing qualities; but certain it is that it became the general dairy
breed of England in the course of a comparatively short period, driving
out the Longhorn and all other breeds. This position it still occupies, and
that it should continue to hold the supremacy must be the ardent desire
of all true lovers of the breed. He went on to say that there had been a
tendency on the part of modern Shorthorn breeders to pay less attention
to the milking properties, and more to the beef-producing, or rather to the
quick-feeding propensities of their stock. This had been fostered by the for-
eign demand for beef-producers, foreigners often objecting to heavy milkers,
owing to the danger and difficulty of dealing with milk in the bush and on
the ranche. Then, the modern showyard system of feeding so-called breeding
animals in such a manner as that prevailing at all the principal exhibitions
had, among other consequences, that cf bringing only the quick feeders to
the front and absolutely ignoring milking properties. Bulls bred from these
non-milkers, he continued, were often sold at public auctions to dairymen
who had never even set eyes upon the dam; disappointment at the degener-
acy of his dairy stock as such followed, and the Shorthorn got a bad repu-
735
tation among dairymen, so much so that they frequently purchased bulls

from non-pedigree Shorthorns of good milking character rather than run
the risk of spoiling the milking properties of their herds by the introduction
of the non-milking pedigreed article. He felt strongly, he said, that this
state of things ought not to exist, and that steps should be taken quickly, in
the interests of Shorthorn breeders generally, to check this tendency, and to
place the pure Shorthorn again in the foremost position as a dairy breed, for
should that position be permanently lost, the consequence would be most
serious, not only for the interests of Shorthorn breeders generally, but he
thought disastrous from a national point of view. The dairymen of this
country should be the best and most numerous customers for pure Short-
horns, and if the foreigners failed us, as they probably will do some day,
where will be the outlet for our bulls? If anything like a general demand
sprang up from this class of breeder, if only for the moderate priced, so to
speak, second class of bulls, the market would be relieved of a great drug,
and there would be no difficulty in finding a ready sale for many more than
the r8oo bulls that are now annually entered in the Herd Book.
These and similar appeals emphasised the demand that was growing for
milking Shorthorns, and a considerable number of breeders devoted renewed
attention to dairy properties. Lord Rothschild, at Tring Park, and others
aided the movement by the publication of records of milk production, a
careful account being kept of the quantity of milk yielded. Prizes for Short-
horn dairy cows were offered by the Shorthorn Society, and there has been
an excellent trade at recent sales where the dual properties were being suc-
cessfully developed, and accompanied by good pedigrees. The result has
certainly been beneficial to the breed, which again to a large extent has
secured the confidence of dairymen. The movement took practical shape by
the formation in June, 1905, of the Dairy Shorthorn (Coatess Herd Book)
Association.
Both by the widespread introduction of northern blood and by the in-
creased development of the dairy Shorthorn, there has necessarily been some
deviation from the type formerly recognised and most approved. Jo the one
case it is thought by some that there has been to a certain extent a loss of
the scope and grandeur of character of the breed, with less stylish heads,
ribs not so well arched, and quarters not so level and deep. This may be
more apparent than real, but the northern division of the breed has certainly
been bred more particularly for beef, and while it was regarded as imper-
ative that there should be a large quantity of good and thick flesh, that
the legs should be short, and the form broad and compact, less importance
was probably attached to certain other characteristics that, from the strict
utility point of view, may be regarded as subsidiary. The use of the north
country Shorthorns has, where that was required, tended to restore flesh
and substance, and to strengthen the constitution, thus rendering a ser-
vice of decided value. No doubt, while retaining these important properties
breeders will be able to improve the other points through the influence of the
fine old families of Bates, Booth, Towneley, Knightley, and other strains of
blood which are so numerous throughout the country, and are again coming
rapidly to the front in the estimation of many breeders. Signs there are in
plenty that this improvement is already in active progress.
In breeding for the dairy the milking properties are apt to be developed
at the expense of the square and more compact beef-producing shape. This
tendency should also be watched, for by judicious mating and management it
is, of course, possible to have a good feeding and flesh-producing animal and
a good milker at the same time. The Shorthorn would lose its dual character
if either sort were cultivated to an extreme pointthe breed is something
more than a beef maker, and something other than a milking machine. The
combination of both features as well as the retention of high-bred character
is the goal to which all breeders will direct their steps.
A very clear and comprehensive review of the progress of the breed was
given by Mr. John Thornton in the course of his reply at the dinner to which
he was entertained in London, on June 27th, 1905, by hundreds of friends and
admirers when, in recognition of his valuable services to live-stock breeding,
he was presented with his portrait, painted in oils by Mr. A. S. Cope, R.A. A
portion of his speech on that occasion is given here as epitomising the salient
incidents in the record of the Shorthorn breed during the last half-century.
To review one s life of nearly fifty years from a boy of seventeen to now
sixty- five through the great Victorian age would be an infliction on you and
a labour on myself. I will, however, briefly attempt to tell you in a few words
what we may call, not exactly the rise, but the progress of our live stock.
For as a general rule my experience had shown that a rise of prices generally
follows a period of commercial prosperity. The beginning of our prosperity
was the fifties, when the great discoveries of gold, the extension of railways
and telegraphy developed the country. 1851 was one of the most calamitous
farming years: beef was 4d. to 6d. a pound, wheat i i8s. 6d.; lowest
price from i8oo to 1884, and in that year 22 Shorthorn sales averaged i9 9s.
9d. The great Exhibition developed our commerce and manufactures; prices
rose, and two years later the sale of Lord Ducies herd, in 1853, averaged
Lisi. Prices continued to rise after the Crimean War and the Exhibition of
1862, when we had an International show in Battersea Park. The cattle
plague year of i866 and 1867 was an awful infliction on the country. Fully
half a million head of cattle died, at a cost of at least ,000,00o. Notwith-
standing, prices were not seriously affected. Comparatively few sales were
held in 1867, but Mr. Betts and Mr. McIntoshs sales averaged respectively
i8o and 120. The following year I came in, following the good work which
Mr. Wetherell and Mr. Strafford had done. High prices continued, and we
had that brilliant period of 1871 to 1875. That year I had the honour to
sell Lord Dunmores bull, Duke of Connaught, for 4500 gs., and Mr. Torrs
herd of eighty-four head for nearly 43,ooo, an average of 510. The effect of
737
these great prices caused breeders of all varieties at home to consider their
respective breeds. Foreigners were astounded at our figures, and we began
to receive large imports of foreign cattle. Every variety had increased prices.
The Herefords, Devons, and Aberdeen-Angus had all great sales; even Sir
Walter Gilbeys herd of little Jersey cattle averaged 64 for fifty. The Red Polls
crept up in value, an Australian demand arose for them, and the late Mr.
Colmans herd averaged 77. Sheep also increased in value. Mr. Henry Webbs
flock of Southdowns sold at very high prices. Shropshires rose in price, and
Mr. Henry Dudding had the honour of selling a Lincoln ram for 1000 gs.
in 1898. Breed Societies were established. Stud, Herd, and Flock Books
were published, and trade and prices were buoyant. Prosperity continued
until the disastrous farming year of 1879. Since then we have had continual
depression. Value of farm produce fell, whilst labour and taxation increased.
The general average of sales fell from 64 in i874 to 26 in i894. From that
periodthat is, during the last decadethere has been an upward tendency,
due in great degree to the foreign demand, especially from South America,
though the trade has latterly become hampered by severe restrictions to the
exporter. These restrictions open out another point. The passin.g of the
Cattle Diseases Bill, by the late Duke of of Richmonds Commission, aided so
ably by our old friend Sir Jacob Wilson, and the late Mr. Thomas Booth, as
well as by Sir George Brown and Professor Cope, was of incalculable benefit
to the country. Cattle plague, foot-and-mouth disease, pleuro-pneumonia,
and rabies, what one may call visible diseases, were stamped out, and the
country, by the legislation enacted, has become singularly healthy and free
from disease. Another point I would like briefly to refer to is the change
of fashion in breeding. The refinement resulting by the system of breeding
pursued in the fifties to the eighties finally caused a reaction, and demand
arose for the stock of our northern breeders, on which I heartily congratulate
them. Though the style and character of the animal may be altered for a
time, yet the substance and constitution imparted have been and will be of
great value to our breeding stocks.
A summary of the results of home sales of Shorthorns in the United
Kingdom from 1868 to 1907 can be found in table 19.1. This shows at a
glance the fluctuations in the value of the breed as tested at public auction,
the figures for the last few years indicating how the period of depression has
been succeeded by a higher range of values. These figures do not include
the results of the annual collective bull sales, but only the sales of herds or
portions of herds.
The breed now occupies a stronger position in the United Kingdom than
at any former time in all its long and brilliant history. While still supported
by many of the leading landowners, it is more largely in the hands of
tenant farmers, and is owned by a greater number of breeders than at any
preceding period. The objects for which it is bred are thoroughly practical,
viz, for beef or milk, or for both combined, and for the remarkable power it
possesses to transmit these properties. As has been said, the export trade
is most valuable. Though it may undergo fluctuations, foreign countries
and the colonies must always resort to the fountain head for fresh strains of
blood. While the breed also retains the greater part of the home trade, it
can never by any possibility fall into a position of neglect. An extension of
the home demand is very probable in the future, while foreign connections
will also be retained and probably enlarged.
Meat and milk are increasingly needed as the social condition of the peo-
ple in all parts of the world improves, and no breed of cattle yet discovered
can produce both in such abundance and of such good quality as the Im-
proved Short- horn. As it exists to-day the breed represents the results of
the combined and long sustained efforts of hundreds of the ablest men who
have ever devoted themselves to the important work of live stock improve-
ment. In this book the record of its development and extension has been
brought down to the present day; but the future will call for the same skill
and constant attention, in order to maintain the commanding position that
has been secured. The breed is a splendid inheritance, the immense value of
which has been conclusively proved. Modern supporters, appreciating the
work of the master breeders who have gone before, and whose mantle has
fallen on worthy shoulders, will doubtless do their utmost to preserve in all
its excellence this famous race of cattle, for the continued benefit of all those
vast regions in which the improvement of live stock is an object of solicitude
and study as one of the chief sources of the wealth of nations.
739
Year Sales Average

£ s d
1868 31 35 7 0
1869 36 35 12 9
1870 42 37 19 6
1871 46 55 18 2
1872 44 58 9 8
1873 46 58 16 4
1874 61 64 18 0
1875 55 93 11 1
1876 64 51 19 8
1877 57 54 14 8
1878 65 57 2 10
1879 50 47 19 9
1880 50 34 13 6
1881 47 32 3 7
1882 35 34 17 7
1883 36 43 18 0
1884 37 47 8 3
1885 35 37 10 10
1886 46 30 9 1
1887 37 27 12 6
1888 39 27 15 8
1889 30 34 10 4
1890 46 28 13 10
1891 39 25 13 9
1892 40 23 12 9
1893 34 25 1 8
1894 37 26 2 9
1895 37 26 13 7
1896 33 28 16 6
1897 48 27 11 8
1898 31 27 13 8
1899 35 31 11 0
1900 41 32 7 11
1901 41 26 0 3
1902 50 29 18 6
1903 41 36 3 7
1904 37 45 0 8
1905 50 37 11 10
1906 32 55 13 0
1907 41 47 5 9
Table 19.1: Summary of home sales of Shorthorns in the United Kingdom

Chapter 20
Existing herds in the United

Kingdom
The following list supplies particulars as to the date of foundation, the
principal tribes or families, the leading sires used, and numbers usually
kept, as regards many of the herds in the United Kingdom. The members
of the Shorthorn Society were invited to send details for insertion in this
list, and the information here given with reference to 430 herds has been
compiled and uniformly arranged from the returns received from owners or
their representatives. The figures giving the year in which the herds were
established are enclosed in brackets. T indicates tribes or families; B, sires
used; and No. numbers in the herd. With reference to the last, it should
be explained that the figures are merely approxi- mate, as in a good many
cases the numbers refer only to the breeding cows kept.
His Majesty The King, The Royal Farms, Windsor, Berk- shire [about
1851]. 8.Field Marshal 47870, New Years Gift 57796, Prince Victor 73320,
Royal Duke 75509, Royal Windsor 93289.
His Majesty The King, Sandringharn, Norfolk [about 1863]. 8.Crys-
tal Prince 70221, Carlyle 65226, Pride of Collynie 75248, Royal Carlisle
84584, Royal Clipper 93202.
Abbot Bros., East of England Live Stock Farms, Thuxton, Norfolk
[1890]. T.Delights, Roses, Seraphines, Marinas, Carnations, Princess Royals,
Annabelles, etc. 8.Crystal Duke 72307, 1-lero of Berkswell 4th 72307, Baron
de Vere 71994, Collynie Prince 83146, Diamond Mint 88389, Chanticleer
91192. No.12 to 15.
Acland, A. D., Digswell House, Welwyn, late Danesbury, Wel- wyn,
Herts [1902]. T. Kirklevington, Seraphina, Barrington, Oxford, Duchess.
8.Philosopher 81841, Duke of Barrington 84th 88444, Manor Nelson 2nd
95972. o.About 30.
Adamson, Thomas, Ainsworth Lodge, Radcliffe, Lancashire [1899].
T.Marigold, Seraphina, Ruth, Cloudberry. 8.Dunottar, Dunottars Style,
741
742 CHAPTER 20. EXISTING HERDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Massive Recorder, Highland Monarch. NO.25 to 30.

Adeane, C. R. W., Babraharn Hall, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire [1896].
T.-Bates. 8.Red Lord 15th 77593, Fairy Prince 81020, Prince Pericles 24th
86953. No.8o to ioo.
Albert College Farm, Glasnevin, Dublin [1904]. T.- Princess Royal,
Missie, Roan Lady, Butterfly, Clipper, Lavender, Strawberry, Crocus, Marigold,
Dorothy, Gracic, Miss Ramsden, Rose- wood, Secret. 8.Lavender Lad 83867,
Bapton Banner 85232, Albert Royal 90638, and Albert Prince 90637. No.5o.
Alexander, John, Milford, Co. Carlow, Ireland, [1890]. T. Epitaphs,
Princesses, and Ruths. 8.Lord Island Kirklevington 4th 67360, Sultan 73740,
Merry Monarch 77268. No.3o to 40.
Allen, Stephen H., Eastover, Andover, Hants [1874]. T. Meadow
Flowers, Filleigh Kirklevingtons, and Pye (Games). 8.Big Ben, Duke Furbe-
low, Master of Eskdale, Winsome Duke, Duke of Wellington, Earl of Fawsley
i6th, Duke of Charmingland 6ist, Kinsman 53rd, Captain Lavender, Throne
Room, Birdsall Vagabond. No.70.
Ames, Frederick, Hawford Lodge, Worcester [1897]. T. Princess Josephines,
Oxford Fledas, Blanches, Barringtons, Vedas, Duchesss Hazels. 8.Viceroy
71770, Lord Blanche 8th 79234, Kilcoy 88979, May King 89280. NO.35 to
40.
Anderson, George, West Fingask, Oldmeldrum, Aberdeen [1878]. T.Sittyton
Broadhooks, Orange Blossom, Lancaster, Brawith Bud, Butterfly, Fragrance,
Clipper, Avemne, Kinellar Rosebud, Rubyhill, Ury, Miss Ramsden, Kilblean
Beauty. 8.Chieftain 60485, Velvet Jacket 66461, Lord of the Meadow 64343,
Pride of the Roses 75253, Lovats Victor 83979, Merry Minstrel 86622, Vis-
count Violet 97576, Craib- stone 6688 , Archers Pride 76038, Rosy Monk
93178. No.7o to 8o.
Anderson, Robert, Fingask House, Oldmeldrum, Aberdeen- shire [May,
1905]. T.Rosemary, Miss Ramsden, Sittyton Dairymaid, Augusta, Kilblean
Beauty. 8.Nonpareil Fame 89424. No.About 30.
Anderson, William, Saphock, Oldmeldrum, Aberdeenshire [1891]. T.Broadhooks,
Claras, Beautys, Brawith Buds. 8.Spicy King 75717, Prince of the Vale
77501, Diamond Star 91479. No. Over Ioo.
Arkell, William, Manor Farm, Keinpsford, Fairford, Glou- cestershire
[1870]. T.Frosts, Janettes, Ursulinas, Fuchsias, Florentias, Red Vales, Silver
Ruths, Fannys. 8.King of the Fuchsias 41762, Prince Frogmores Seal 48488,
Reuben 64657, Jubal 86281, Barrington Prince 90834, Freetradem 88635.
No.6o to 70.
Armstrong, Lord, Cragside, Rothbury, Northumberland [1874]. T.Wild
Duchesses of Geneva, Oxford Roses, Lady Birds. 8.Oxford Beau 34964, Duke
of Oxford 33709, Duke of Barrington 8th 41356, etc. No.5o to 6o.
Asbridge, Edward, Crookdake, Brayton S.O., Carlisle, Cumberland
[1884]. T.-Monograms, Bensons, Christmas Marys. 8. Self Esteem 2nd
48675, Royal Millicent 52047, Crookdake Hero 94791. No.20.
743
Ashworth, Alfred, Horsley Hall, Gresford, um. Chester, Denbighshire

[i868]. T.Vesper, Cold Cream, Scotch Missie. 8. St. Claim 2nd 66268, Vain
Prince 84989, Bapton Volunteer 85246. NO.30 to 40.
Atkinson, Thomas, Redvales Farm, Lancashire [about 1857]. T.Cruickshank
and Bates blood. 8.Master Ailesbury 65905, Doctor Jim, Senator, Rising
Star, Village Lad, Chewton Victor 6th 8o686, Duke of Barrington, Pride of
Sunshine, Moonlight, Moonfleet. No.4o.
Atkinson, William, Overthwaite, Milnthorpe, Westmorland 111872].
T.Walnuts, Jeffersons, Hawthorns. S.Montcalm 8668o, Wallace 93784, Set-
ting Sun 90078. No.125.
Attwater, John N., I)ry Leaze, Cirencester, Gloucester [1898]. T.Musicals,
Frosts, Fairys. B.Volunteer 21st, Whittlebury Fairy Duke. No.About 120.
Baker, Daniel, Mardy Farm, St. Brides, Monmoutlishire [1884]. T.Stratton.
S.Cyprian 47660, Victor 52297, Rosabeau 58oo8, Red Start 69369, Goldflake
83617. No.28 to 30.
Baker, Hugh, Chedglow Manor, Malmesbury, Wilts [1854]. T.Pye,
Rose of Oxfords (now Rose of Chedglow), Celia, American Red Rose. 8.Bap-
ton Crown 78288, Proud Conqueror 89721, Village Pride 97554. No.ioo.
Balfour, Right Hon. A. J., Whittingehame, Prestonkirk, East Loth-
ian [1857]. T.Lady Blanche, Goldie, Clara. 8.Crofton Prince 55524, The
Leader 66428, Caliph 85514, Sensation 93386, Gold Mine 95349. No.—
About 20.
Balfour, Colonel William Edward Ligonier, Balfour Castle, Shap-
insay, Orkney [185i]. T.Geraldine, Ada, Snow- berry, Laburnum. 8.Sir
Burdett-Coutts 25131, Prince Imperial 6i5 IJ, Roan Knight 71368, Rosland
84558. NO.35.
Balston, R. J., Bilsington Priory, Ashford, Kent, and Springfield,
Maidstone, Kent [1904]. T.Cruickshank, Booth, Bates. 8.Grand Duke of
Ruddington 9th, Waresley Crown Prince, Bachelor of Denmark, Waterlow
Prior, Chiddingstone Ring.
Barling, William C., The Paddocks Newnham, Gloucestcr- shire [about
1900]. T.—-Lady Annas, Gazelles: Pyes, Anemones. 8. Bletchley Royal,
Clan Macgregor, Beau of Berkeley, Newnham Royalty 2nd. No.About 14.
Barnard, Lord, Raby Castle, Darlington, Co. Durham [1893]. T.Bates
and Scotch. 8.White Baron 80247, Storm 90248, Coral Beau 83172, Gainford
Ensign 95247. No.3o to 40.
Barnes, John, XV. Aikbank, Wigton, Cumberland [1891]. T. Rose-
marys, Charlottes, Miss Ramsdens. 8.Sir Benedict 84793, Warrior 93816,
Stonecrop 97297, Imperial Ambassador 92027. No.55.
Barrow, Bridgeman Langdale, Sydnope Hall, nr. Matlock, Der-
byshire [1878]. T.Fairy Duchess (Old Daisy). 8.J)uke of Oxford 22nd
31000, Duke of Barrington ith 44652, Duke of Oxford 50th 43121, Knight of
Rosedale 54517, Lord Fairy Butterfly 74881, Fairy Duke 62nd 88545, Mis-
souri 92567. No.-25 to 40.
Barry, William Norton, Castlecor, Kanturk, Co. Cork [1882]. T.Maynards

Rosamond. 8.Royal David 50362, Lord Ennismore 64319, King of Calais
72769. No.2o.
Barrymore, Lord, Fota Island, Queenstown, Cork [1886]. T.-Waterloo,
Musical, Empress of Oxford, Soldier, Horsted Rose, Famosa. 8.Lord Veru-
lam 70880, Duke of Hayle 76548, Chewton Victor 5th 80685, Bapton Hero
87861, Proud Duke 89723, Birdsall Duke 2nd 90917. No. o.
Barton, Bertram H., J.P., D.L., Straffan House, Straffan Station,
Kildare, Ireland [about i85o]. T.Resplendent, Rosa, Lily, Rose, Mary Ann.
S.Prince of the Lilies 59689, Prince of the North 63145, Scottish Boy 87290.
No.275 to 300.
Basset, A. F., Tehidy, Camborne, Cornwall [1900]. T.Carna- tion,
G vynne, Dickson, Duchess, Gertrude, Brilliant Princess. S.Royal Sovereign
77756, Shamrock 84742, Royal Estate 89925. No.2o to 25.
Bathurst, Charles, Lydney Park, Lydney, Gloucester [1896]. T.Miss
Blanches, Lilac Ladys, Lydney Princesses. 8.Baron Sher- borne 3rd 72019,
Staffordshire George 71662, Jowler 76928, Lord Bedford 9th 81475, Bletchley
Royal 82901, Catthorpe Rouge 94584, Baron Levie 94191. NoAbout 30.
Beamish, Ludlow A., Ashgrove, Queenstown, co. Cork, Ireland [1891].
T.Mantalini, Flower Girl, Anna, Wild Eyes, Secret. S. Lord Wild Eyes
Gwynne 46717, Prince of Hecate 57923, Don Juan 60620, Knight of Stan-
ney 59225, Fair Prince 63212, St. Patricks Day 82229, Sir Adrian Riby
75634, Duke of Hayle 76548, Halberdier 88782, Con- fectioner 91306, Red
Connaught 93029. No.27 to 30.
Beech, Col. R. J., Brandon Hall, Coventry, Warwickshire [1904].
T. Cowslip, Waterloo, Warwickshire Lass, Vine, Bates, Wild Eyes, Ursula.
SHampton Squire 2nd 88791. No.4o.
Behrens, Captain Clive, Swinton Grange, Malton, York- shire [19031.
T.Waterloo, Musical, Laurestina. 8.Violets Fame 78078, Hartgrange Mar-
quis 91948, Lord Waterloo 92360, Swinton Waterloo Chief 97379. No.7o to
8o.
Bell, Charles, Norley Hall, Norley, Cheshire [1833]. T. Kirklevingtons,
Waterloos, Places, Barringtons, Oxfords, and Wild Eyes. 8.Whittlebury
Prince 85071, Bapton Shamrock 82774, Duke of Westmorland 3rd 91567.
No.200.
Bell, Francis John, Yew Tree Villa, Thomas Close, Calth- waite,
Carlisle, Cumberland [about 1847]. T.Mason. 8.Moonstone 86692, and
Baron Lucker 90800.
Bell, George, Moneymore, Londonderry [1892]. T.Augustas, Miss
Ramsdens, Catherines. 8.Star of Scotland 90232, Clement of Cluny 80720,
Ascott Silversmith 87830, Count Robert 94759, Golden Crown 91839. NO.20.
Bell, Robert W., Windmill Farm, Coagh, Tyrone [1897]. T. Caledon
Orphans, Hettys, Strowan Marchionesses, Groats, Broadhooks, Clemencys,
Bessies, Lady Dorothys, Countesses, Blossoms, Fogga- thorpes. 8.Golden
745
Crown 76777, Clement of Cluny 80720, Washing- ton 82589, Star of Scotland
90232, Ascott Silversmith 87830, Illustrious Champion 83750, Golden Crown
91839, Golden Flash.
Bell, William, Ratcheugh, Alnwick, Northumberland [1887]. T.Cherry
Roses, Millicents, Ingle vood Pets, Waterloos, Butterflies, Claras, Barring-
tons. 8.Prince Frolic 63126, Baron Alnwick 69918, Baron Abbotsford 76087,
Barons Pride 78339, Baron Ratcheugh 80430, Baron Skeabost 87915, Baron
Hopeful 82802, Lord Rernenham i6th 92340. NO.30 to 70.
Bennett, Charles, Lorridge, Berkeley, Gloucestershire [18851. T.Veronas,
Melindas, Loftys. 8.Kelmscott Earl 76940, Fitz-Alwyn 83485, Cary Victor
88138. No.6o. 3G
Bentinck, Lady Henry Cavendish, Underley Hall, Kirkby Lonsdale,
Westmorland [1894]. T.Heroines, Pearls, Isabellas, and Princesses of Loin.
8.Dean of Loin, Prime Minister 89639, For Ever 83517, Royal Boy 73495,
Muriels Cro vn Prince 67523. No. 5 to 6o.
Best, William E., The Cairn, Aghalee, co. Antrim [1896]. T.Fleming,
Sanderson, Crawford, and Moutray. SGreek Admiral 72644, Loyalist 72947,
Landlord 81418, Don of Cluny 83512, Baron Style 87919. No.About io.
Bevan, Edmund H., Whilton Lodge, Rugby, Northamptonshire [1904].
T.Vestris, Bracelet, Princess Josephine, Blanche, Ruby, Double Butterfly,
Daisy, Cherry Gwynne,. 8.Factory Lad 4th 91658, Catthorpe Bravery 94581.
No.About 30.
Bishop, Exors. of Thos., Inlease, Hungerford, Berks. [about 1891].
T.Waterloos, Kirklevingtons, Princesses. 8.Crystal King 72308, Lord Napier,
83951, Duke of Ogwell 80931. No.40.
Bland, John Loftus, Blandsfort, Abbeyleix, Queens County [1895].
T.Kates, Queen Christines. 8.Sittyton Star 75694, Baron Fife 82794, Beads-
mans Heir 62175, Peaceful Prince 89526. No.2o.
Blenkarn, Robert, Snoad Street, nr. Faversham, Kent [1899]. T.Inglewood
Butterflys, Madelines, Millicents. 8.Red Prince 87040, Snoad Street Cheer-
ful 87403, Snoad Street Butterfly 87402, Far- leigh Prince 83462, Royal
Patriot 89958.
Blezard, George, Pool Park, Ruthin, Denbigh [about 1871]. T.Waterloo,
Virago (Mason blood), Certainty, Oxford, Acomb. 8. Cherry Duke iith
42918, Wild Eyes Marquis 47278, Old Daisy Bull 14th 50107, Lord Rose-
berry 51644, Archduke of Oxford 9th 55265, Troubadour 6oo8o, Lord Lenton
72890, Crystal Quentin 76459, Falstaff 85941. No.25 to 30.
Bond, Major-General W. D., Dullerton Londonderry [1903]. 8.Sovereign
90196, Monovar 86678. No.4o.
Booth, Richard, Warlaby, Northallerton, Yorkshire [about 1789]. T.Christon,
Anna, Bliss, Farewell. 8.Viking 91594, Eastern Baron 93743. NO.40.
Bouverie, The Hon. D. P., Coleshill House, Highworth, Berks.
[about 18 io]. T.Barmaids. 8.Coleshill Wanderer, Buscot Orlando. NoAbout
50.
Bowden, Joseph, Cortober House, Cootehill, co. Cavan, Ire- land

[1847]. T.Booth, Bates, and Cruickshank. 8.Sittyton Star 75694, Hall Mark
76830, Scottish Prince 77831, Pride of Fame 2nd 79598, Bapton Herald
82767, Bapton Banner 85239, Leonard 92236. NO.35.
Britten, Arthur, Great Billing, Northampton [i8 6]. T. ChaW Newton,
Waterloo, Wild Eyes. 8.Lord York Fawsley 34709, Prince Rufus 67671,
Royal Hercules 71472. No.8o.
Britten, John, Little Billing, Northampton [1897]. T.Newton, Water-
loo, Wild Eyes, Rosedale, Lavender, Darlington, and other Bates families.
8.Royal Hercules 71472, General Goldie 83556, His Majesty 95495. No.6o
to 70.
Brocklebank, Rev. C. H., Bartlow House, near Cambridge, Cam-
bridgeshire [1897]. T.Grand Duchess, Airdrie Duchess, Oxford, Kirkleving-
ton, Wild Eyes, Barrington, Waterloo, Waterloo Cherry, Wave, Gwynne,
Seraphina, Hudson, Red Rose, Lady Sarah, Beasleys J.SSir Gwynne 75669,
King Albert 81373, Duke of Dorset 6th 88453, Northop Cambridge Duke
84243, Prince Belvedere 96494. No. About 5o.
Brodhurst, Lucas, Upton Grange, Nottinghamshire [about 1887]. T.Amethysts,
Pearls, etc. SLord Marnhull ioth, Reformer, Soldier, Roseberry i6th, Holker
Earl Burlington i6th. No.About 30.
Brooke, Sir Douglas, Bart., Colebrooke, Brookeboro, co. Fermanagh
[about 1871]. T.Lady Hesters, Orphans. No.2o.
Brooks, Wm. Jermyn, Stow Lodge, Weedon, Northampton- shire
[about 1887]. T.Sweetbrier, Wetherby Duchess, etc. S. Jonathan 92c67,
Mountain Archer 71046, Paul Pry 96340. NoAbout 30 females.
Brougham and Vaux, Lord, Brougham, Penrith, West- morland
[1887]. T. Grand Duchess of Oxford, Rose of Whinfell, Mantalini, Red
Duchess, Lady Somerset, Waterloo, Augusta. S. Border Prince 66719, Bor-
deaux 70007, Maximus 64417, Merry Archer 75066, Royal Lamorbey 59830,
Stoneytown Pride 77972, Dukedom 88440. No.About 100.
Brown, James & Son, Sywell House, Northampton [1890]. T. Sweet-
briers. S.Mellsey, Scots Guard, First Favourite, Lord Rosamond. NO.20.
Brown, Richard, Ruyton Hall, Ruyton XI Towns [about 1842]. T.Various.
S.19o619o7, Valuer 90397, Coleshill Ranger 91287. No.25.
Bruce, Charles M., The Langcot, Forres, Elgin or Moray [1902].
T.Undines, Lady Dorothys, Brawith Buds, Waterloo Princesses. SMorn-
ings Pride 69154, Wanderers Gift 80211, Red Emperor 2nd 96664. No.3o to
40.
Bruce, Robert, Heatherwick, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire [1843]. T.Mayflower,
Bella, Rosalie, Clipper, Augusta, Nonpariel. S. Beau Ideal 63685, Prince of
Archers 71240, Winning Hope 80283, First Fiddle 83480. No.85.
Burnyeat, William, Millgrove, Moresby, Whitehaven, Cum- berland
[1906]. T.Mantalini, Gwynne, Angus Daisy, Aylesby Wave. 5.Rolleston
Beau 93143.
747
Burtt, Geo. B., Denton, Harleston, Norfolk [1898]. T.Barring- ton

and Waterloo. S.What Not 82067, Royal Waterloo 89987, King Christian of
Denmark 86316, Duke of Dorset 6th 88453. No.12.
Buttar, Thomas A., Corston, Coupar-Angus, Forfarshire [1905]. T.Goldies,
Miss Ramsdens, Jilts. S.Nonpareil Crown 96221, Granite King 95382, Royal
Favourite (Vol. 54). No.8o.
Byrne, James, Wallstown Castle, Castletownroche, Cork [1854]. T.Mantalinis,
Gs, and Welsteds stock. S.Ravenswood 22682, Valorous 27701, Lord James
Douglas 70828, Bapton Herald 82767, Golden Crest 8i 163, Albert Bruce
90637. No.-17o.
Caledon, Earl of, Caledon, co. Tyrone [1864]. T.Orphans, Rowenas,
Luxurys, Roses. SBaronet 58450, Sign of Riches 66324, Laureate 67299,
Master Robin 73025, Sir Hector 87378, Scottish Captain 93359. NO.50 to
70.
Calthorpe, Lord, Elvetham Park, Winchfield [1900]. T.-. Laven-
der, Alexandrina, Nonpariel, Secret, Clipper, Jenny Lind, Lady Dorothy,
Marigold, Marchioness, Shapely. 8.Bapton Glory 76081, Bapton Champion
78285, Elvetham Victor 80984, Sittyton Chief 84821, Elvetham Monarch
88513, Lavender Royal 86380, Bapton Juror (Vol. 54). No.6o to 8o.
Cameron, Archibald, and Sons, Westside Farm, Brechin, Forfarshire
[[872]. T.Broadhooks, Sittyton Dairymaids, Waterloos, Rosebuds, Florences,
Clippers, Lady Sarahs, Ury Maids, Flowers. S. Star of Edzell 82388, Re-
gal Star 8706, Jasper 88934, Royal Duke Waterloo, Western Duke, Roan
Broadhooks. No. Over 100.
Cameron, C. M., Balnakyle, Munlochy, Ross. [1878]. T. Sittyton But-
terfly, Marchioness, Ruth or Millbanks, Broadhooks, Waterloo and Crown
Princess. 8.Merlin 54715, Reginald 64654. Fortune 70467, Idol 68791, Wan-
derers Heir 78104, Red Rube 89792. No.70 to 8o.
Carmichael-Ferrall, John, Augher Castle, Augher, Tyrone [1895].
T.Crocus, White Briar 2nd, Titania, Castlehill. SBrian Boru 80545, Dartrey
Garnet 83256, Argus 85179. No.12.
Carnarvon, The Earl of, Highclere Castle, Newbury, Hampshire [1895].
8.Guinea Gold 81224, Prince Joseph 45th (Vol. 54). No.4o.
Carson, Joseph, Ballydawley, Coagh, Moneymore, Derry [i866]. T.Rubys,
Gwynnes, April Daisies, Castlegrove Fames, Lady Rachels, Blossoms. 8.Im-
perial Crown 31405, Earl of Killerby 33802, Fusilier 54331, Ladas 68877,
Carse King 80635, Luck 83987, Gainford Sultan 83538, Royal Henry 67802,
Lord Leman 61183, Prince Ed ward 69281, Illustrious Champion. No.35 to
40.
Cartwright, Ed. H., Keddington Grange, Louth, Lincs. [19071.
T.Pyes, Honeys, Moss Roses. 8.Village Seal 93750. NoAbout i5.
Casswell, J. E., Laughton, Folkingham, Lincolnshire [1831]. T.Lady
Dorothys, Butterflies, Rhodas, Spicy Laughtons, Quicksilvers, Fair Maids,
Seraphinas. 8.Golden Horn 95327, Laughton Earl 24th 92147, Burgie Victor
Royal, Laughton Thistle 92200. No.6o.

Cavendish, The Right Hon. Victor, M.P., Holker Hall, Cark-in-
Cartmel, Lancashire [1840]. T.Wild Eyes, Duchess, Grand Duchess, Baroness
Oxford, Laurestina, and Fawsley. 8.Principally Bates. No.5o.
Cazalet, W. M., Fairlawn, Tonbridge, Kent [1907]. T.Wild Eyes,
Duchess, Janette. No. ii.
Champion, John R., Heather Hall, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicester- shire
[i 905]. T.Waterloo, Barrington, Walnut or Charming Geneva. 8.Courier,
Oghourne, Dursley, Lord Amethyst. No.12.
Champion, W. N. L., Riddlesworth Hall, Thetford, Norfolk (at Edale,
Derbyshire) [1899]. 8.County Councillor 96753.
Chatterton, Robert, Stenigot House, Lincoln [1885]. T. Bates and
Scotch. 8.Yorks Certainty Duke ioth, Cornish Knight, Avondale. No.soo.
Chavasse, Major H., Whitlield Court, Waterford [1899]. T. Rosebuds,
Medoras, Kirklevington Duchesses, Charlotte Cordays, Kirklevington Wild
Eyes, Pyes, Sittyton Koras. 8.Iron Duke 79107, Opaistone 84262, Irish
Guardsman 86246. NoAbout i6.
Clarke, T. E., Harwood Lodge, nr. Bolton, Lancs. [1898]. T. Rose,
Ruth, Empress of Oxford, Match, etc. SForest King 78902, Master Spright-
ley 79392, Ainsworth Duke 87782, Harwood Recorder 91952, Walnut Wild
Duke 97593. NO.2o to 30.
Clarke, Thomas, Farran, Cork [1897]. T.Booth. 8.Count Citron
72269, Sturford Gusto 82421, Director of Bessborough 88398. No.About
20.
Cole, James, T., The Brakes, Downton, Ludlow, IIerefordshire [1905].
T.Ruths, Broadhooks, Musicals and Brierleys Jewels. S. Earl of Fawsley
36th 88495. No.2o to 30.
Collings, Lewis Herbert, Tremabe, Liskeard, Cornwall [1903]. T.Musical,
Groat, Jenny Lind, Pine Apple. S.Chorister 3rd, Sentinel, Diamond Ring.
No.2o.
Coleman, Sir Jeremiah, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey [1900]. T.Millicent,
Lavender, Lady Waterloo, Silence, Hawthorn, Diana. S. Langford Laven-
der 74819, Percival 84306, Hayle Speculator 81247, Cairo 72181, Milihills
Favourite 92545, Lord Elgin 92296. No.About 40.
Cooper, Sir Richard, Bart., Shenstone Court, Lichfield, Stafford-
shire [1889]. T.Waterloo Duchess, etc. 8.King Christian of Denmark 86316,
Meteor 86631. No.About 120.
Cooper, John, Brook Hill House, East Haddon, Northampton [1876].
T.Haddon Daisy (Old Daisy), Vestris, Fawsley, Factory Maid (Frost). 8.Vis-
count 8oi8i, Haddon Augustus 91923, Viscount Oxford 21st. No.About 50.
Copland, Robert, Milton Ardlethen, Ellon, Aberdeenshire, [1897].
T.Brawith Buds, Flower Girls, Roan Ladies, Butterflies, Secrets. 8.From
Uppermill and Collynie. NoAbout 20.
749
Corlett, William Henry, Cronk Ould, Ballaugh, Isle of Man [1893].

T.Happy Blushes, Butterflys, Manx Maids. 8.Wild Walter 71878, Golden
Ball 83585, Hatherop Clarence 83678, Baron Faber 94177. No.io to 12.
Costigan, William, Quarry Hill, Killylea, Armagh [[903]. T.Red Duchesses,
Butterflys. 8.Gay Lad, Sittyton Chief Scottish
Cotton-Jodrell, Col., E. T. D., C.B., Reaseheath Hall, Nant- wich,
Cheshire [1898]. T.-Paradise Rose, Lady Edgar ith Countess of Clarence
36th. 8.Scottish Victor 72151, Roland 871 10, Byrkley Prince 91120, Sal-
vador 90030. No.35.
Coulson, J. A., Watton Abbey, Beverley, Yorks. [1893]. T. Danthorpe
Ladies, Watton Abbess, Duchess. 8.Valentine Duke ioth, Lord Oxford An-
gram 25th, Watton Abbot. No.15 to 20.
Coulthard, John, Faugh Beeches, Heads Nook, Cumberland [1900].
T.Butterfly, Rosebud, Crocus, Diamond, Duchess, Vibage Chief, Broad-
hooks. 8.Chieftain 80693, Cairn King 88102, Albany 87789. No.6o.
Cowie, James, Mirryfold, Grange, Banffshire (late Haremoss, Turriff)
[1892]. T.Rubyhills, Helens. S.Sittyton Swell 73660, Beau- fort Extract
76138, Lochaber 83893, Gay Morning 86042. No.2o.
Cradock, Major R. W., Derryc, Roscrea, Tipperary [i86o]. T. Riby,
Bright, Cherry, Flower, Mantalini, Sylph, Dido, Lady Sarah. S.– Royal
Fitz Gwynne, Riby Fitz Gwynne, Trumpeter, Crown Daisy, Prime Minister,
Ardfert, Prince Caradoc, Yeoman. No.8o to 120.
Craigie, William, Pennan Farm, Fraserburgh, Aberdeen [1895]. T.Broadhooks,
Uppermill Bessies, Missies, Village Maids, Claras, Undines, Julias, Clernen-
cys, Augustas, Lady Dorothys, Rosebuds, Queen of Rothes. S.Bell the Cat
60354, Daybreak 74349, Cornelius 66864, Gallant Victor 74597, Brave Boy
76212, Marksman 70946, Star of Scotland 90232. No.bo.
Cran, John, Old Town, Keith, Banffshire [i888]. T.Broadhooks, Sun-
nyblinks, Miss Ramsdens, Sunbeams, Prime Roses, Merry Girls. S.Stanley
61858, Duke of Clarance 66936, Cairngorm 62250, Merlin 69118, Steady Lad
66401, Abbotsford 2nd 61238, Roosevelt 82101, Mafe- king 81582, Ruby Earl
93293, Topsman (Vol. 53). NoAbout 40.
Crawford, Lionel W., Kiveton Hall, Todwick, Sheffield, Yorks. [I o3].
T.Wild Duchess of Geneva, Marrs Marigolds, Gwynnes, Flurrys, Roan Lilys,
Orange Blossoms, White Coombes. S. Misty Morning 71021, Butterfly
Prince 88095. No. o.
Crawford, Thomas J., Limepark, Tullyhogue, Tyrone [1900]. T.Beautys,
N ormas. SBaron Tullyhogue 68217, Clarendon 60502, Champion 74204,
Medallist 70988, Tirowen 78010, Drayton Rearguard 83324, Broadhooks
Champion 88047. NO.30.
Crawford, Walter R., The Priory, Tullyhogue, Tyrone [i86o]. T.-
Blossom or Beauty, Chemisette, Mayflower. 5.Pioneer 71155, Champion
74204, Tirowen 78010. No. o.
Crawley, Jno., The Grange, Church Lawford, Rugby, Warwick [1902].
T.Co vslip Reds, Pearls. SPriory Pearl 6th 92944, Birks Jewel 94335.
No.About 20.
Cribb, Arthur Lewis, Well End Lodge, Shenley, Hertford- shire [1901].
T.Bates, Cruickshank. 5.Danesfield Earl 88345, Duke of Barrington 67th
91543, Weston Gay Lad. No.12.
Criddle, Albert M. B., Locking Head Farm, Weston-super- Mere,
Somerset [1898]. T.Kirklevingtons, Thorndale Duchesses, Timbrels, Lady
Somersets, Favourites. S.Lord Sandgrove 52nd 81544, Royal Hampton 2nd
89930, Trumpeter 93677, Locking Chief 95765. No.About 6o.
Crowley, Reginald A., Foords Farm, Heathfleld, Sussex [1905]. T.Seraphina,
Musical or Harmony, Georgina. S.Oakfield Radium, Pride of Day. No.12 to
15.
Barby, Alfred E. W., Adcote, Little Ness, Shropshire [1875]. ThAyleshy
Bright, Kmghtley Cold Cream, Eastthorpe, Stratton Moss Rose, Leopoldine,
Bruere Rosa. 5.Warlaby, Scotch, also Baron Longley 8o 19. No.25 to 30.
Dargue, John, Bee Nest, Casterton, Kirkby Lonsdale, West- morland
[1900]. T.Ruths, Raglans, Bessie Annettas. 6.Setons Hero 84740, Beau
Estelle 85320, Waterloo Champion 93827. No.30 to 35.
Dartrey, Earl of, Dartrey, co. Monaghan [1859]. T. Butterfly, Beauti-
ful. 6.Czar 23670, Royal Charlie 66187, .Chancellor 58620, Imperial Yeoman
76898, Vice-chairman 84969. No.50.
Davidson, Richard, Swinnie, Jedburgh, Roxburgh [1876]. T.Princess,
Moss Rose, Princess Beatrice, Graceful. 6.Blooming Prince 36250, Moun-
taineer 61341, Marquis 56147, Gracefuls Chief 72637, Doubtful Duke 83313,
Violets Pride 93761, Silver Arrow 97136. No. About i .
De Rothschild, Leopold, Ascott, Leighton Buzzard, Bucks. [1894].
T.Principally Scotch with BatesWild Eyes, Beautys, Florences, Brawith
Buds, Clippers, Augustas, Honeysuckles, Kirkleving- ton Duchesses, Marigolds.
6.Bapton Juan 71971, Robert Bruce 77661, Silver Mint 79968, Highland
Chief 83715, Stratton Squire 80062, Match- less Diamond 86589, Royal
Eclipse 87179, Collynie Monarch 94686. No.About 140.
De Rothschild, Miss Alice, Waddesdon Manor, Bucks. [1887]. T.-
Cluny Flora, Emmeline, Fanny, Jessie Elmhurst, Kirk- levington, Rose of
Underley, Winsome Lass. 6.Colossus 58677, Red Rover 63192, Strowan En-
sign 69679, Spartan 71652, Cabin Boy 66766, Marksman 62968, Royal Prince
73536, Fairfax 60792, Bashful Yojith 74038.
Dean, S. E., & Sons, Dowsby Hall, Bourne and 1-leath House, Noc-
ton, Lincoln, Lincolnshire [1887]. T.Duchesses, Oxfords, Thorndale Roses,
Waterloos, Wild Eyes, Lady Dorothys, and Kirk- levingtons. 6.Baron Broad-
hooks 90785, Imperial Favourite 86233, Virtuoso 69763, Ascott Bruce, Dowsby
Waterloo Duke 66918, Cam- bridge Duke 30th 60441, Baron 82777. No.130.
Debenham, F. G., Cheshunt Park, Herts. [I9c4]. T.Darling- ton,
Musical, Countess, Coronet, Corisande. S.Cheshunt King 85571, Woolmers
Victor 2nd. No.About 20.
751
Denchfield, W. H., Burston House, near Aylesbury, Bucks. [about

i86o]. T.Dayrells, Teacher, Beauty, Dido. 6.King Charming 28962, Alert
21168, Squire Gwynne 42433, Masculine 56159, Spartan 4th 84853. No.7o.
Dent, John, Kaber Fold, Kirkby Stephen, Westmorland [1870]. T.Sowerby,
Medora, Lady Booth, Ladyship. 6.Rose Noble 48605, Earl of Sheffield 33812,
Warlaby 32792, Royal Trophy 73550, Sir Stuart 84814, Prince of Clubs
81929, Grandeur 95379. No.3o to 35.
Dennis, Sydney, Latton, Cricklade, Wiltshire [1901]. T. Pye, Frost,
Missie, Grand Duchess of Oxford, Musical. 6.Prince of Buscot 81926, Perquisite
868io, Eastover Topper 91601. No.9o.
Denny, F. A. & E. H. M., Bore Place, Chiddingstone, Eden Bridge,
Kent [1902]. T.Booth and Scotch. 6.Ascott Constellation 85184, Primrose
Pride 79605, Chiddingstone Wanderer 91224. No.6o.
Dobson, F. E. C., Dromonby House, Stokesley, Yorkshire [1882]. T.Wild
Eyes, Certainty, Farewell. 6.Duke of Underley 8th 57229, Bletchley Victor
8o5o6, Master Abbotsford 96007. No.3o.
Dorman, A. J., Grey Towers, Nunthorpe, SO., Yorkshire [1904]. T.Mountain,
Cherry, Myrtle. 8.Radium 86999, Pride of Freedom 73241, Sir Leopold Stud-
ley 73642. No.3o.
Douglas, Allan M., Spotsmains, Kelso, Roxburghshire [1902]. T.Scotch,
Booth, and Bates. 8.Peerless Prince 86803, Golden Prince 95334. NO.12 or
15.
Dowding, Henry, & Son, Cowles Farm, Elton, Newnham, Gloucester-
shire [1895]. T.Gazelle, Tiny, Blushing Queen. 8.Red Pageant 96685. No.io
to 12.
Dowding, William Sims, Hilifield, Longney, Gloucestershire [1896].
T.Pyes or Pansys. 8.Baron Longney 80419, Longney Champion 86413,
Chedglow Imperialist 94617. No.2o to 25.
Doyne, Charles M., Wells, Gorey, Co. Wexford [x8 i]. T. Medoras,
Fames or Farewells, Goldens, Flowers and Waters, Victorias, Lady Sarahs,
Heath Roses. 8.Red Admiral 51955, Arthur 63616, Prince Augustus 57893,
Royal Renown 64756, Gipsy Prince 72600, Prince of Flowers 86938, Prince
Victor 81969. No.8o to 100.
Dudding, Henry, Riby Grove, Stallingborough, Lincs. [1807]. T.BatesDuchess,
Oxford, Cambridge Rose, Barrington an 1 Gwynne, Wild Eyes ; BoothRiby
Anna, Willis RoseGames Pye. S.Rosario 75471, Golden Robin 68718, Pride
of Fortune 73240, Wanderers Chief 80210, Ingrains Perfection 79103, Strat-
ton Squire 80062, Merry Squire 5th 86626, Scottish Daisy Duke 79916, Bap-
ton Favourite 76080, Prince Alastair 89647, Royal Pearl 89959, Royal Marks-
man 89962, Aberdeen 87764, Moon King 2nd 92594, President Pierrepont
92846, Strowan Butterfly 23rd 97345. N0.150.
Dunbar-Buller, C. W., Woburn, Donaghadee, co. Down Ireland
[1903]. T.Booth, Blossom, Medora. 8.Royal Standard 82192, Master of
Tullyhogue 89261, Monarchs Fancy 89355. No.i8.
Duncombe, W. H. O., Waresley Park, Sandy, Huntingdonshire [1843].

T.Bates Waterloo, Scotch. 8.Commander 541 i6, Liberator 64260, Crown
Diamond 83215. No.6o.
Durno, James, Jackston, Rothie Norman, Aberdeen [1882]. T.Blossom,
Missie, Clara, Broadhooks, Nonpareil, Augusta, Bellona, Miss Ramsden,
Jenny Lind, Lady Dorothy. 8.Claymore, Sittyton Fame, Lord Douglas, Sit-
tyton Pride, Pride of Collynie, Lord Lynedoch, Royal Mint, Baron Fyvie.
No.8o.
Durno, James, Westertown, Warthill, Aberdeenshire [1872]. T.Myrtles,
Miss Ramsdens, Clippers, Nonpareils Charlotte Cordays. 8.Diamond Mine
83296, Archer 69880, Diamond Choice. No.About 6o.
Duthie, William, Collynie, Tarves, Aberdeenshire [i856]. T.Sittyton
Violet, Lavender, Clipper, Secret, Rose of Sittyton, Butterfly, Broadhooks,
Missie, Princess Royal, Clara, Roan Lady, Goldie, Bessy, Golden Drop, Au-
gusta, Fairy Queen. 8.Field Marshal 47870, William of Orange 50694, Scot-
tish Archer 59893, Pride of Morning 64546, Royal Edward 82153, Bapton
Champion 78285, Bapton Favourite 76080, Pride of Avon 86878. No.i8o.
Dyke Bros., Coomberslade, Sibford Gower, Banbury, Warwick- shire
[892]. T.Barringtons, Charmers, Gwynnes, Red Roses, Fawsleys. 8.Western
Lad 73876, Duke of Barrington 53rd 74389, Ronald 3rd 79776, Regent 93078.
No.6o.
Enfield, Viscount, Wrotham Park, Barnet, Middlesex [1905]. T.Chiefly
Scotch. 6.Shenley Knight. No.25.
Exeter, Marquis of, Burghley House, Stamford, North- amptonshire
[about 1760]. T.Waterloo Gwynnes, Circes, Roses. S. Telemachus 27603,
Bevington G vynne 72047, Jack Tar 72728, Star of Hope 90231. No.5o to
6o.
Falconer, J. A. K., Long Sutton House, Winchfiehl, Hamp- shire.
T.Cruickshank: Secret, Nonpareil, Lancaster, Augusta, Beauty; Bates Ox-
ford, Charmer, Silence, Surmise. S.Wanderers Chief 80210, Bapton Secre-
tary 90769. No.4o to 5o.
Fawcett, J. E. J., Toam, Blacklion, Cavan [1903]. T.Torrs Flower,
Scotch and Cruickshank strains. 8.Northern Light 86732, March Dust 95979.
No.io to 20.
Feversham, Earl of, Gruff Farm, Duncombe Park, Yorkshire [i8oo].
T.Clevelands, Duchesses, Oxfords, Waterloos, Warriors. S. Duke of York
9th, Duke of Tregunter 5th, Duke of Oxford 20th, New Years Gift, Duke of
Rievaulx 6th, Holker Baron Oxford 6th. No.3o.
Fitzhardinge, Lord, Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucester [i868]. T.Waterloos,
Blanche Roses, Darlingtons, Kirklevingtons, Georginas. SGrand Duke of
Waterloo 28766, Duke of Connaught 33604, Blanco 63873, Duke of Berke-
ley 58786, Dolphin 63873, Mountain Victor 67520, Lord Inverness 77067,
Ballechin Victor 85213, Clan Macgregor 78598. No.7o.
753
Fitzwilliam, Hon. Henry W., Wigganthorpe, Yorks. [1890]. T.Principally

Booth. 5.Wigganthorpe Crusader, Erins Farewell. No.About 20 to 25.
Fletcher, James Douglas, Rosehaugh, Avoch, R. S.O., Ross and
Cromarty [i888]. T.Broadhooks, Julias, Waterloos, Wild Eyes, Duchesses,
Kirklevingtons. 8.Duke of Brailes 14th 57177, Kinellar Stamp 62769, Watch-
word 68063, Bodyguard 78423. No.xoo.
Foljambe, Right Hon. Francis J. Savile, Osberton, Worksop, Notts.
[about 1850]. T.Booth Bright, Farewell, Knightley Sylph, Charmer Walnut
and Rose of France. 8.Monarch 13347, Im- perial Windsor i8o86, Knight of
the Garter 22638, Sir Andrew 42387, Titan 35805, Leonidas 59260, Haycroft
79041, Provider 77542. No8o to ioo.
Ford, Percy, Garton, Driffield, Yorkshire [1905]. T.Waterloo, Pauline,
Gwynne, Queen Esther. 8.Scotch blood, Birdsall Artist, Newby Duke, Gar-
ton Aaron. No.3o.
Fortescue, Misses E. B. & J. T. Irvine, Kingcausie, Aber- deen,
N.B. [1873]. T.–Lovelys, Gwynnes. 8.Ben Nevis 39462, Cabul 42860, Rosario
35315, Grand Duke 37th 43307, Prizetaker 57950, Star of Morning 58189.
No.2o to 27.
Freeman, George, Sherborne, Northleach, R.S.O., Gloucester- shire
[1887]. T.Garne Moss Rose, Pye, Oxford Fleda. 8.Wiltshire Star 63565,
Moonraker 73104, Chieftain 76346, Bapton Prince 80392, Bapton Consul
78287, Donald of Cluny 83307, Diamond Butterfly 88384, Prince Royal
92933. No.8o to Ioo.
Fryar, R. & S., Hill side, Banbridge, Ireland [1897]. T.Lady T vin,
Honeydew, Strawberry, Molly Bawn. 8.Mandarin 77188, Golden Drop Chief
91843, Fancys Heir 95145, Marquis 86 8.
Garne, W. T., Aid sworth, Northleach, Gloucestershire [1845]. T. Pye,
Moss Rose, Magic, Ringlet, Maid of Oxford. 6.Wrestler 66582, Lord Harry
65819, Now-or-Never 67544, Bapton Crown 78288, Village Beau 87631.
No.About 70.
Gilmor, Sir John, Bart., Montrave, Leven, Fife [i88 ]. T. Cruick-
shank, Lavender, Clipper, Broadhooks, Blossom (Gwynnes). 6. Brave
Archer 70018, Royal Archer 82127, Broadhooks Conqueror 85451, Royal
Victory. NO.25 to 30.
Godman, Major A. G., Smeaton, North Riding of Yorks. [1876].
T.Lady Bates, Redbreast, Rosabelle, Lady Annetta, Annabelle. 6. Bampton
Butterfly 78274, Crusher of the Forest 88321, Moss House Swell. No.About
15.
Gower, Charles Leveson, Titsey Place, Limpsfield, Surrey [1898].
T.Marguerite, Duchess, May Flower, Beauty. 6.Lord Kingscote Gwynne
5th 74891, Victory 84987, Sybils Seal 87539. No. 10 or 12.
Gordon, Alexander M., of Newton, Insch, Aberdeenshire [1872]. T.Clippers,
Princess Royals, Jealousys, Bridesmaids, Lady Fragrances, Jenny Linds,
Emmas, Magnets. 6.Mario 51713, Star of Morning 58189, Corner Stone
68406, Ruddy Star 73555, Brilliant Star 76240. NO.70.

Gordon, Alex. T., Combscauseway, Insch, Aberdeenshire [1900]. T.Sittyton
Clippers, Nonpareils, Butterflies. 6.Fascinator 88569, Villager 97556. No.–
7o to 8o.
Gordon, James A., Arabella, Nigg Station, Ross-shire, N.B. [about
1895]. T.Marions, others from Cluny Castle, Sanquhar, etc. 6.Rosario
35315, Rosario 2nd 42299, Hia vatha 48027, Prairie King 81878, Rex Cale-
donia 87072. No.About 6o.
Graham, A. G. Maxtone, Redgorton, Perth [1855]. T. Daffodils,
Dorothys, Lilys, Fairy Queens, Lady Lincolns. 6.Orthodox 32004, Aide-de-
Carnp 30364, Dauntless 54155, Swordsman 69689, Prince of Masters 73305,
White Archer 78144, Knight of Strathearn 83839, Royal Bounty 89907.
No.2o.
Graham, William, Eden Grove, Kirkbythore, Penrith, West- morland
[1877]. T.Laurestina, Village Rose, Scotch Dorothy, Clara, etc. 6.Orm-
skirk Gwynne 41905, Gay Baronet 49624, Duke of Albermarle 63890, Mas-
ter Hopeful 57745, Frederick 72560, Northern Light 75147, Gay Ruby 76742,
Ingrains Stamp 83763, Notlaw Royalist 96258. No.6o to 90.
Grant, G. R., Auchnacree, Fern, Brechin, Forfar [1899]. T. Cruick-
shank Butterflys. 6.March On 89231, Prince Quadroon 77517, Royal Duke
86890. No.4o.
Green, D. Abbott, Fingringhoe Hall, Essex [1894]. T.Roses of France
and Scotch blood. 6.Sahara 96997. No.4o to 5o.
Greenwell, Sir Walpole, Bart., Marden Park, Wolding- ham, Surrey
[1895]. T.Seraphinas, Waterloos, Musicals, etc. 6. Patriot 60226, Millionaire
73078, Majesty 77171, Lord Blush 95798. No.7o.
Gregory, Alexander MacDonald, Nether Bogside, Eglin [1902]. T.Lancaster,
Rachel, Miss Rarnsden, Bellona, Jilt, Marigold, Rosebud, Brawith Bud,
Bella, Clipper, Waterloo, Broadhooks. 5.Sir Walter, Red Clipper, Boyne
Clipper, Ajax, Violets Victory. NO.3o.
Gresson, C. R. H., XVoodlands, Stowe, Buckingham [1904]. T. Cleasby
Queens, Haddo Matildas, Marigolds. 8.Sherborne Prompter, Primrose Ban-
ner. No.About Ioo.
Grimes, Joseph, Hall Farm, Newton - on - Trent, Newark, Lincolnshire
[i86 ]. T.Barmpton Rose, Blossom, Eastthorpe Lady, Rose of Newton,. Gay
Countess. SLord of Newton 79289, Riby Lord 89820, Border Boy. No.25 to
30.
Grove, George Troyte Charyn, J.P., D.L., North Coker House,
Yeovil, Somerset [1894]. T.Fairys, Beautys, Clippers, Factory- maids, But-
terflys, Pansys. SManor Squire 74995, Sebastopol Yet 84733, Prince Joseph
44th 96515. NO.—45. -
Gubbins, Francis J. B., Kilfrush, Knocklong, co. Limerick [1906].
No.12 to 20.
755
Guilding, Richard, Bushley Park, Tewkesbury, Worcester [1903]. T.Fiddles,

Daintys, Judys. 8.British Knight 76249, Royal Victor 89984, Gainford Mar-
quis 91778. No.2o.
Gunter, G. G., Wetherby Grange, Wetherby, Yorkshire [1853]. T.Acombs,
Duchesses, Places, Darlin gtons, Foggathorpes, Waterloos, Knightleys, Wild
Eyes. 8.Lord St. Clair 79305, Lord Stranraer 92354. No.About 8o.
Gunther, Charles E., Tongswood, Hawkhurst, Kent [1904]. T.Various.
8.Christmas Cheer 85583, Bapton Yeoman 85248. No.4o to 50.
Haley, Alfred A., Whitewall, Malton, Yorkshire [1903]. T. G vynnes,
Millicents, Ringlets, Butterflys. 8.Sir George 77891, Major 89209, Butterfly
Victor 3rd 83013. NO.7o.
Hall, Alexander Cross, The Manor, Great Rollright, Oxfordshire
[1901]. T.-Seraphina, Bates-Blanche, Wild Eyes, Game s Pyc. S.Langford
Roan Knight 81425, Lavender Yet 74830, Bianca Lad. No.2o.
Hall, Charles O., Settrington, Malton, Yorkshire [1900]. T. Cruick-
shank, Nonpareil, Fairplay, Broadhooks. 8.Violets Fame 78078, Nonpareil
Fame 2nd 89425, Bletchley Prince 85375, Stars Last 90238. NO.40.
Hall, John M., Middlefield House, Stockton-on-Tees, Durham [I9oo].
T.Queens, Duchesses, Brilliant Belles, Jewels. 8.Golden Promise 78990,
Wynyard Royal 90570. NoAbout 30.
Hall, Rev. John, Garvary, Enniskillen, Fermanagh [i888]. T.Grand
Duchess, Cambridge Rose, Torrs Flower, Georgina, Grana Uile. 8.Giftie
Duke 67115, White Bear 75896, St. Patrick 76776, Millionaire 79438, Win-
some Lord 85092, Goldsmith 91884. No.4o.
Handley, John, Green Head, Milnthorpe, Westmorland [1870]. T.Shethin
Lovelys and Rosemarys, Princesses, Floras, Rosedales. S. I earl King 2nd
89531, San Francisco 84696, Rosedale Diamond 96830. NoAbout Ioo.
Harford, John C., Falcondale, Lampeter, Cardiganshire [1890]. T.Jenny
Linds, Nonpareils, Countesses, Wharfdales, 8.Gallant Knight 6868o, Lord
Sandgrove 44th 74931, Lord Marmion 68980, Woodhouse Rustic 90588.
NoAbout 12.
Harley, Dr. Vaughan, Walton Hall, Bletchley, Bucks. [1903]. T.Brawith
Buds, Nonpareils, Bellonas, Marigolds, Princess Royals, Roan Ladies, Lady
Dorothys, Kilblean Beauties, Bridesmaids, Countesses, Lovelys, Jenny Linds.
S.Bapton Pure Gold 85238, Broad Arrow 88046, Lucan General 92376.
No.66.
Harman, Major T. E., Carrigbyrne, Adamstown, co. Wexford [1898].
T.Countess, Splendour, Lilias, Gwynne, Fame, Village Maid. SSylvester
8oo86, Sovereign Star 80027, Financial Secretary 76681, Scotch Chief 93352,
Thunder Bolt 87858. No.i8.
Harper-Adams Agricultural College, Newport, Salop [1902]. 8.Crys-
tal Star 76460, Prince Laureate 86926, Carbon 88124. No.2o.
Harris, Joseph, Brackenburgh Tower, Cumberland [i88i]. T.-Duchess,
Oxford, Wild Eyes. SRoyal Emperor Oxford 13th 82155, Duke of Rudding-
ton 6th 91562. No.6o.

Harrison, Captain William Bealey, Aldershaw, Lich- field, Stafford
[1901]. T.Bates Wild Eyes, Lady Bates, Game Pye, Seraphina, Musical.
8.Lord Norman 79287, Prince Bates 84364, Bapton Jester 85236, Caledonia
91127. No.3o.
Harrison, George, Gainford Hall, Darlington, Durham [1878]. T.Kinellar
Rosebud, 1 ose of Earn, Ruth, Fragrance, Goldie. S. Misty Morning, Cham-
pion Cup, Silver Bell, Royal Ensign, Pioneer, Elvetham Sweetmeat, Pride
of Tees. No. oo.
Harter, George Lloyd Foster, Salperton Park, Haselton, S.O., Glos.
[1891]. T.Trethewy Ruth, Match. 5.Dolphin 63873, Salperton Wanderer
87270. NoAbout 25.
Hazell, Walter, J.P., Walton Grange, Aylesbury, Bucks. [1876]. T.Bates,
Booth and Cruickshank. 8.Golden Hope 91859, Robert Bruce 77661. No.35.
Hedley, Joseph, Overacres, Otterburn, Northumberland [1903]. T.Walnut,
Sweet Jessamine, Studley s Beatrice. S.Mowbrick Royal Prince 77306, Adieu
85136, Speciality. No.15.
Henderson, A. N., Street Ashton House, Lutterworth, Warwick- shire
[I9oo]. T. Havering Nonpareil, Musical, Cowslip. 8.Bearstone Marquis
85315, Golden Butterfly 95310. No.About i .
Henderson, Sir A., Bart., Buscot Park, Faringdon, Berkshire [1894].
T.Bates and Cruickshank; Duchess, Pye, Oxford, Barrington, Princess Royal,
Nonpareil, Broadhooks. 8.Wanderers Prince 78105, Now or Never 67544,
Baron Buscot 80407, Royal Pennant 93266, Missies Crown 92566. No.ioo.
Hemsworth, Harry, New House Farm, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex [1904].
T.Lady Butterfly, Match. S.Count Britain 85666, Donovan 85772. No.12.
Herrick, Mrs. Sophia Perry, Beau Manor Park, Lough- borough, Le-
icester [1849]. T.Bess, Sandiacre, Azalea, Dido, Duchess Oxford. S.Perfumer
13466, Zodiac 17268, Thorndale Troutbeck 23071, Farmer Gwynne 23911,
Fifth Duke of Wellington 33751, Duke of Worcester 6th 43149, Duke of Ox-
ford 47th 41414, Oxford de Vere th 48397, Duke of Barrington 14th 52744,
Darlington King 2nd 70241, Rose King 2nd 87131. No.About 8o.
Hewitt, W., Dales, Kettleshulme, Whaley Bridge, Cheshire [1899].
T.Waterloo, Warrior, Verona. S.Montford Kitchener 79453, Cedars Royal
85540, Violation 93757. No.i .
Hickling A. W., Adbolton, Nottingham, Notts. [1900]. T. Bates and
Cruickshank. S.King Christian of Denmark 86316, Melton Baronet 866o2,
Wanderers Prince 78105. No.6o to 70.
Higson Howard, Meer Hill, Loxley, Stratford-on-Avon, War- wickshire
[1898]. T.-Augustas, Avernes, Waterloo Princesses, Miss Ramsdens, Kinel-
lar Rosebuds. 6.Fairland 85)26, Sir Walter 90173. No.6o.
Hill Sidney, Langford, nr. Bristol, Somerset [1884]. T. Cruickshank
Lavenders, Princess Royals, Nonpareils, Goldies, Missies, Broadhooks, But-
terflies. S.Duthie, Marr, and Willis. No.xoo.
757
Hinton, G. Walter, Edwins Hall, near Chelmsford, Essex [1905]. T.Daisy,

Charity, Madrigal, Moresby, Nectar. 6.Crown Imperial 8o8io, Knight of
Ivanhoe 92167. NO.3o.
Hirst, Chas. A., Crake Hall, West Heslerton, Yorks. [1896]. T. Miss
Ramsdens, Lady Marys, Gwynne Princesses, Minas of Kinellar, Marigolds.
6.Look Ahead 67327, Lucky Archer 74954, Brockenhurst 85458, Golden Spur
88736, Border Tower 90966. No.4o.
Hiscock, Arthur, Manor Farm, Motcombe, Dorset [1885]. T.Kirklevingtons,
Biancas, etc. 6.Crown Prince 60564, Sebastopol 64808, Sebastopolian 93380,
Sebastopol Yet 84733. NO.120 to 140.
Hobbs, R. W. & Sons, Kelmscott, Lechlade, Oxfordshire [1878].
T.Musicals and others. 6.Duke of Barrington 63rd 80903, Earl ot Southrop
125th 66988, Royalty 23rd 67845, Royal Nottingham 6oth 75532, Trojan
73777, Underley Hero 2nd 82486, Red Waterloo 6th 82034, Village Lad
93746. No.About 250.
Hobbs, James T., Maisey Hampton, Fairford, Gloucestershire [1849].
T. -Matchless, Fanny, Miss Concord, Quicksilver, Musical, Chorus, Orange
Blossom. 6.New Years Gift 77323, Devonshire 47686, Royal Nottingham
59834, Near Go 79473, Buscot Pluto 88082. No. i8o.
Holford, J. C., White House Farm, Buckland Newton, Dorchester,
Dorset [1904]. T.Waterloos, Oxfords, Wild Eyes, Nibletts, Roses of France,
Barringtons, Cambridge Roses. 6.Duke of Vittoria 34th 83370, Rolleston
Sophocles 871141, Duke of Rievaulx 6th 88467. No.. 40 to 5o.
Holford, Thomas, Castle Hill, Buckland Newton, I)orset [1875]. T.Duchess
Oxford, Waterloo, Princess, Kirklevington, Barrington, Gwynne, Grand
Duchess, Cambridge Rose. 6.Grand Duke 23rd 34c63, Duke of Barring-
ton 15th 52745, Grand Duke 54th 59048, Duke of Stroxton 2nd 55632, Duke
of Leicester 32nd 74410. No.. 30 to 5o.
Hollington, A. J., Forty Hill, Enfleld, Middlesex [1894]. T. Gwynne,
Waterloo, Flower, Lavender, Fairy, Eastthorpe, Daisy, Filipail, Frost. 6.Bold
Dragoon, Lavender Nonpareil, Riby Forester, Royal Swell, Enfield Albion.
No.4o.
Holman, Michael Henry, Restronguet, M ylor, Penryn, Corn- wall
[1897]. T.Ruth, Roan Kitty, Cowslip, Madeline. 6.Duke of Gerrans 72397,
Prince Charmer 84367, Pyeman 89737. No.5o.
Hope, John, Ireby Hall, Mealsgate, 5.0., Carlisle, Cumberland T.Duchess
Emma, Tulip, Green Leaf, Buttercup, Forester. S.–King Richard 44998, Gay
Ingram 65559, Michael Lambourne 56722, Royal Daisy 59810, Dainty Beau
72318, Ostorius 79512, Morning Sun 89384, Happy Thought 95421. No.7o.
Horlick, James, J.P., D.L., Cowley Manor, near Cheltenbam, Glouces-
tershire [1897]. T.Waterloo, Barrington, Oxford, Cambridge Rose, Kirklev-
ington, Duchess, Blanche, Pye, Moss Rose, Rose of France. 5.Cornelian
80757, Edward VII. 85856, Master Stephen 81663, Gold Plate 88745, Col-
lynie Coronet 91290, Roan Monarch. No.iio.
Hornsby, Robert, Hovingham, Yorks. [1892]. T.Waterloo, Tamarind,

Millicent, Caroline, Daisy. 5.Crown Prince 76452, Royal Verger 71517, Set-
trington 93388. No.5o.
Horton, Rev. Le Gendre G., Wellow Vicarage, Bath, Somerset
[about 1875]. T.Ladies, Lady Dennisons. S.Baron Cam- l)ridge 55294,
Major-General 64387, Lord Somerset ioth 48249, Captain of the Guard
58596, Lord Chewton 6ist 68941, Baron Bridekirk 17th 68187, Holker Lord
Barrington 74712. NO.20 to 30.
Hosegood, Obed, Dillington Farm, Ilminster, Somerset [1883]. T.Modesty,
Carnation, Wild Queen 3rd, Darling, Frost. S.Earl of Loggans 63954, Red-
start 69369, The Baron, Bapton Armorer 85231. O.2O.
Hosken, William J., Loggans Mill, Hayle, Cornwall [1856]. T.Waterloos,
Wild Eyes, Gwynnes. SGrand Duke 34th 41642, Grand Duke of Oxford th
43318, Duke of Tregunter xoth 54224, Treforrest 63452, Shamrock 84742.
NO.50.
Howard McLean, J. R., Aston Hall, Shifnal, Salop [i886]. T. From
Messrs. Guy T. Phillips, the Exors. of the late S. L. Horton and T. Tempest-
Radford. S-From Messrs. T. Tempest-Radford, H. Bettridge, Lord Sher-
borne, W. Duth ie, Richard Thomas, J. W. Barnes, G. F. King, H. S. Leon,
Mrs. Holland, A. S. Thornton, Charles Jeifries and Sons, and W. T. Game
and Son. NoAbout 20.
Howorth, Francis G., Guilsfield, Welshpool, Montgomery- shire [1896].
S.Baron Hobbs 66672, Prince Pippin 79651, Lynx 86502. No.8.
Hughes, Alfred, Packwood Grange, Knowle, Warwickshire [1900]. T.Augusta,
Grand Duchess, Carolina, Musical, Pye. S. Stanley Douglas 87454, Cheshunt
Hero 91211, Packwood Hugo 895oo. No.30 to 40.
Hughes, George Pringle, J.P., D.L., Middleton Hall, Wooler, Northum-
berland [1879]. T.Middleton Hall Cowslips, Princess. S.Duke of Beaufort
58785, Cherrys Hope 47587, Paul Jones 59589, Duke of Albemarle 55598,
Duke of Albemarle i8th, Wallace 48899, Sir Lawrence Riby 67926, Fa-
mous Leader 85945, Ivanhoe 83775, Star of Freedom 90230, Marcus 86542.
No.About 12.
Hulbert, T. R., Dumbleton, Evesham, Gloster [1874]. T. Ailesbury
and Stratton. S.Rising Star, Bapton Star 62107, Vain Captain 69742, St.
Clair 2nd 66268. No.About 30.
Hume, David, J.P., Barrelwell, Forfar [i88o]. S.Masterpiece 57730,
Red Knight 50286, Violet Chief 66474, Viking 84988, Balacraggan Baron
85208, Prince 89587, Diamond Emerald 94874, Diamond Silver Star. NO.45
to 50.
Hunter, Tom, Stone Ro v Head Farm, Lancaster, Lancashire [1900].
T.Foggathorpe, Telluria, Gwynne, Moss Rose. S.Ingrams Chief 92034, Duke
of Lancaster 91558. No.30 to 40.
Hunton, William Knowles, J.P., Greystone, Redmarshall Ferryhull,
Durham [1896]. S.Royal Emblem 82154, Golden Promise 78990, Hope of
759
Freedom 92011, Wynyard Royal 90570. No. i .

Hutchinson, Teasdale Hilton, Manor House, Cat- terick, Yorks. [1854].
T.Vespers, Gertys, Belindas, Missies, Bessies. 8.Sir Christon Studley 77878,
King Ruby 88994, Duke of Milan 91560. No. o to 6o.
Hutchinson, R. H., Husbands Bosworth, Leicestershire [1876]. T.Bracelet,
Duchess Sarah, Vesper. 8.Bates blood. No.25.
Hutchison, W. E., Cairngall, Longside, Aberdeenshire [about 1890].
T.Augusta, Missie, Countess, Floxy, Duchess, Nellie. 8.Gil Blas, Princely
Archer, Frankenstein, Baron Lavender. No.About 30.
Hutchinson, W. H., Lockington Grange, Beverley, Yorkshire [1899].
T.Gwynne, Lady Mary, Red Rose. S.Star of the East 77965, Aberdeen Chief
87765, Ruddington Clipper King 93297. No.i5 to zo.
Hyatt, Robert, Watergall, Leamington, Warwickshire [1902]. T.Charmers,
Gazelles, Beetroots. 8.Redmond 87035, Don Rose 94903. No.25.
Inge, Mrs. W. F., Thorpe, Tamworth, Staffordshire [1883]. T. But-
terfly, Ursulina. 8.Wild Boy 71860, Golden Autumn 70517, New- minster
77319, Fitz Stuart 886oi, Bletchley Buccaneer 87980. No. About 5o.
Jackson, William, Hill End Farm, Hitchin, Herts. [1903]. T.Waterloo
Princesses, Monograms, Jealousys. S.Sittytoi Fancy 8ooi i, Sharpshooter
90093, Volunteer 2nd 78092. No.6o.
James, William, Barteliver, Grampound Road, Cornwall [187o]. T.Daisys,
Ruths (Trethewys), Lady Westons, Gwynnes, Gracefuls. 8.Janissary 5th
83779, Collynie Prince 83146, Jacobite 76910, Lord Blanche 9th 79235.
No.8o to 90.
Jamieson, T. F., Mains of Waterton, Ellon, Aberdeenshire [1876].
T.Brawith Bud, Secret, Rosewood, Augusta. 8.Mountain Archer 71046,
Cayhurst 47560, Topsman 63447, Marquis 40301, Millionaire 36070. No.7o
to 8o.
Jennings, F. H., Cockfield Hall, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk [1872].
T.Cambridge Rose, Fuchsia, Knightley. 8.Melton Duke 2nd.
Johnston, Colonel C. J., V.D., D.L., of Lesmurdie, Links- field
Farm, Elgin [1896]. T.Dalmeny Reginas, Laurestinas, Lady Dorothys, Bracelets,
Flowerys, Butterflys, Kathleens. S.-Janissary 2nd 72731, Scottish Prince
82270, Ruddington Viceroy 93300. No.4o to 5o.
Johnston, James, Ophir House, Ophir, Orkney [1876]. T. Rose, Flora,
Fancy, Victoria. S.Glenmore 47958, Cheery Boy 60474, Royal Douglas
77717, Eclipse 83403, Royal Rambler 96949. No. 6o to 70.
Jolliffe, C. H., Newbus Grange, nr. Darlington, Durham [1896]. T.Golden
Wreath, Secret, Lancaster, Jealousy, Kinellar Rosebud, Mary of Eden, Jilt.
SViolet Victor 8oi8o, Chaunt Royal 91200, Kings Champion 95631. No.About
70.
Jones, Evan, Manoravon, Liandilo, Carmarthen [1890]. T. Tulips,
Czarinas, Charmers, Marchionesses, Victoria Mantalinis, Lady Daffodils,
Torrs Brights, J. or Jessies. S.Magnanimous 70900, Rampart 75355, Roan
Hanley 82072, Monarch 81728, Claud Duval 80718, Derryc Mason 91466.
No.About 100.
Jones, J. H., Mullinabro, Waterford, Kilkenny [1830]. T. Lupines,
Golden Lavender Princesses, Cowslips, Linnets, Isabellas, Florentias, Aylesby
Flowers. S.Lord Spencer 14853, First Fruits 16048, Treasurer 19018, Mas-
ter Harbinger 15353, Brigadier 36265, Forest Fame 72546, Lord Lieutenant
8156o, Duthies Choice 80956, Best Man 87954, Manor Viceroy 95973. No.6o.
Jordan, Philip, Hillsborough, Down [1871]. T.-Booth. S. Red Knight
32261, Duke 44638, Lollypop 56oi6, Royalty 61715, Lord Candahar 67336,
King Gwynne 67257, Victor 71774, Flower Duke 3rd 74565. NO.30.
Juckes, A. Lea, Waters Upton, Wellington, Shropshire [1906]. T.Kirklevington,
Waterloo, Wild Eyes. S.Satellite 93343. No. About 30.
Kearsey, Richard L., Tan House, Longhope, Gloucestershire [1891].
T.Strickland, Booth, and Bates. S.Royal Cornwall 82138, Baron Kirklev-
ington 7th. No.20.
Keirans, Felix, Glynch House, Newbliss, Monaghan [1904]. T.Flower
Duchess, Bright Eyes, Augustas, Orphans. 5.Ladas 2nd 79175, Prince of
Meran. No.4o to 50.
Kellock, Charles Walford, Highfields, Audlem, Cheshire [1898]. T.Seraphina,
Waterloo, Kirklevington, Cold Cream, Butter- fly, and Scotch. SPrince
of May 75307, Augustin 73969, Break of Day 76217, Scotch Earl 87284.
No.About 8o.
Kendall, Wm., Natland Park, Kendal, Westmorland [1887.] T.-Lady
Dorothys, Lancasters, Gracefuls, Lavinias. SStar of Honour 63409, Bride-
groom 68269, Premier 73229, Bright Lad 74113, Stanley 77954, Tam-o-
Shanter 90303, Nonpareil Chieftain 92671. No. o to 6o.
Kerr, Robert, Ballyfindra, Portaferry, co. Down, Ireland [1905]. T.Cruickshank.
S.Golden Dawn 83592, Lord Mayor, Pole Star 81867. No.i5.
King, Thos. Firbank, Wynbury, Leyburn, Yorkshire [1904], T.From
Mr. R. C. Vynerss stock. 8.Prince Charmer 71206, Primus 86898. Lothair
83264.
Kingscote, Col. Sir Nigel, G.C.V.O., K.C.B., Kingscote, Wotton-
under-Edge, R.S.O., Gloucester [about 1845]. T.Cowslip, Dar- lington,
Honey, Kirklevington, Gwynne, Place, Seraphina, Waterloo, Wallflower.
S.Duke of Wetberby 2nd 21618, Duke of Clarence 3rd 23727, Duke of Claro
3rd 23729, Duke of Hillhurst 28401, Sir Maurice 56570, Duke of Leicester
29th 68524. No.About 8o.
Knapp, Maurice, Great Lypiatt Farm, Corsham, Wilts. [1902]. T.From
Earl of Suffolk, Major Chaffey, R. Lyne, etc. S.Bates and Cornwalls. No.3o.
Knowles, R. Millington, Coiston Bassett Hall, Bingham, Notting-
hamshire [1903]. T. Lady Marys, Clemencys, Blanches, Broadhooks, Wild
Duchess of Geneva, Bridecakes, Claribels. S. Waddesdon Cardinal 85016,
Handicraft 88802, King Christian of Den- mark 86316.
761
Lamb, R. O., Hayton House, Cumberland [1907]. Lady Beverleys,

Bensons, Strawberrys, Clams, Raspberrys, Laurestinas. 8,Proud Master
96576. No.2o.
Landon, H., Walton Farm, Aylesbury, Bucks. [1890]. T.Gwynne, Dar-
lington. S.Lansdown 2nd 62837, Wild Eyes Duke 56764, Yardley Charmer
71903, Baron Bridekirk ith 63638, Puck 3rd 73339, Royal Duke 87175.
No.About 6o.
Langburn, John, W., Borrowby, Staithes, York [1901]. 8. Milton
81720, Meroc 92503. No.17.
Lathom, The Earl of, Lathom House, Ormskirk, Lancashire [1864].
T.Princesses, Barringtons, Winsomes, Millicents, Oxfords, Laurestinas, Thorn-
dale Roses, Gwynnes. 8.Baron Oxford 4th 25580, Grand Earl of Waterloo
5th 55832, Mell Fell 64425, Pilgrim 75225, Anthony 85164, Hearts Desire
79044, British Yeoman 85449, Diamond Ledge, Bright Butterfly. No.6o.
Law, A. W. & A. M., Mains of Sanquhar, Forres, Elginshire [1871].
T.—Graces, Clippers, Lady Dorothys, Marigolds, Dewy Roses. 8. Pride of
Holl 92854, Roan Favourite 93116, Scotch Thistle 73584, Scottish Crown
79915. No.6o.
Law, Chas. E., Holl Farm, Mulben, S.O., Banffshire [1871]. T. Graces,
Marigolds, Lady Dorothys, Sittyton Clippers, Broadhooks, Miss Ramsdens.
8.Scotch Thistle 73584, Scottish Crown 79915, Lovely Prince, Pride of Avon
86878. NO.12 tO 14.
Lawson, James, Chapel Farm, Wesham, Kirkharn, Lancashire [1875].
T.Marigold, Belle of the Butterflies, Madelines, Paulines, Timbrels, Jewels,
Tellurias, Rosemarys, Dianas. 8.Inglewood Pearl 68796, Prince of Boyndie
79628, Duke of Lune 91559, Ainsworth Duke 87782. NO.40 to 5o.
Lawson, William, Merelands, Preston Old Road, Marton, Blackpool,
Lancashire [1906]. T.Paulines, Timbrels, Duchess of Lancasters, Dianas,
Madelines. 8. Ainsworth Duke 87782, Duke of Lune 91559. No.io to 20.
Lazonby, Joseph, Calthwaite House, Calthwaite, Cumberland [1870].
T.Windsor, Duchess, Peeress. 8.Royal Windsor 43993, Red Chief 73362,
Royal Emperor Oxford 13th 82155. No.About 30.
Ledingham, J. Knox, Fintry, Turriff, Aberdeen [18911. T. Claret,
Orange Blossom, Mayflower, Queen Bess, Lady Annie. 8.Presi- dent 7 [176,
Sittyton Style 69616, Sittyton Prince 75693, Early Morning 76598, King
James 81377, Royal Prince 93268. No.5o to 6o.
Leon, Herbert S., Bletchley Park, Bletchley, Buckinghamshire [I9oo].
T.Augustas, Floras, Princess Royals, Brawith Buds, Missies, 8.Silver Mint
79968, Pride of Avon 86878, Uppermnill Challenger 87608. No. 6. 3H
Lewis, Herbert Clark, Hean Castle, Saundersfoot, Pem- brokeshire,
S. Wales [1902]. T.Anemones, Beautys, Blanches, Broad- hooks, Duchesses
of Gloster, Emmas, Helens, Honeys, Jenny Linds, Missies. S. Bapton Sceptre
82773, Lavender Beau 92209. No. 5o.
Little, Robert, The Wood, Thursby, Carlisle, Cumberland [1903]. T.Pearl,
Blossom, Strawberry. 5.Silver King 84781, Morello 84176, Bridegroom 2nd.

No.14.
Livingston, Wm., Newton of Mountblairy, Alvab, Banif [1897]. T.Charlotte
Cordays, Jenny Linds, Princess Royals, Rubys, Miss Rarnsdens. 6.Dargai
74340, Chief of Stars 75975, Mafeking 81582, Royalist 93232, March Dust
89230, Fancy Stone 88564, Congalton Conqueror 2nd. No.i5.
Longman, Arthur H., Shendish, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. [i875].
T. Oxford, Darlington, Barrington, Lady Bates, Knightley Lady Fawsley.
6.Grand Duke of Ruddington 8th.
Lovat, Lord, Beaufort Castle, Beauly, Inverness-shire [1869]. T.Broadhooks,
Julias, Undines, Lady Marchs. 6.Master Millicent 84080, Royal Victor
93286. No.4o.
Lumsden and MacKenzie, Huntingtowerfield, Perthshirc [1887]. T.Missies,
Julias, Jenny Linds. 6.Golden Star, Prince Fortinbras, Rufus of Hunting-
tower. No.4o to 50.
MacKan, Arthur, Drumcashel, Castle Bellingham, Louth, Ireland
[1882]. T.-Booth, Bates. 6.Booth. No.20.
MacIntyre, P. B., Findon Mains, Conon Bridge, Ross-shire [1877].
T.Lily, Violet, Countess, Lady Dorothy, Broadhooks, Princess Royal, Wa-
terloo Princess, Maggie, Buttercup, Jenny Lind. 6.Emperor 62517, Lord
Randolph 53202, Violet King 64968, Massena 65904, Eclipse 74470, Cham-
berlain 60461, Cyprus King 85720, Emperors Heir 78815. No.5o to 6o.
Maace, Thos., Eastleach, Lecklade, Gloucestershire [1879]. T. Herd
descended from Butterfly Duchess by (Royal Cambridge 2nd 25010 from
Lady Butterfly by Royal Butterfly 14th 20722). 6. Giltbrook Volunteer
86059, Chief Referee 94645. No.About 8o to 100.
Maden, John Henry, Rockcliffe House, Bacup, Lancaster [1905].
Malcolm, Wm. T., Dunmore Farm, by Larbert, Stirlingshire [1879].
T.Golden Drops, Hawthorns. 6.Abbot 60229, The Leader 66428, Lavender
Fancy 89047, Bapton Champion 78285. No.6o.
Manson, James Bruce, Kilblean, Old Meldrum, Aberdeenshire N.B.
[1872]. T.Kilblean Beauties. 6.Violinist 44198, Touchstone 60073, Merry
Mason 67486, Nonpareil 75140, Montrave Sorcerer 86686, Pride of Rothes
96471. No.35 to 45.
Manvers, Earl, Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham, Nottingham- shire
[1890]. T.Bates Duchess, Blanche, Barrington, and Wild Eyes, Roan Duchess,
Game Pye, Knightley blood. 6.Millionaire 71016, Ruddy Star 73555, Pres-
ident 8i88i, President Pierrepont 92846, Lavender Royal 86380. No.5o to
6o.
Marr, John, Uppermill, Tarves, Aberdeenshire [1895]. T. J osemary,
Proud Missie, Lady Dorothy, Maria, Kilblean Beauty, Princess Royal. 8.Prince
Horace 66058, Luxury 74958, Prince of Ceremonies, Violet Royal. No.About
90.
763
Matthews, F. W. P., Fifield, Oxford, Oxfordshire [I9oo]. T. Butterfly,

Smart, Frost, Fairy, Fanny, Pye. S.Peacemaker 79530, Priory Bee 92941,
Petruchio 92790. No.About 25.
Maxted, John D., Lower Garrington, Littlebourne, Kent [1882] T.Bates,
Kirklevingtons, Blush. S.Kirklevington Squire 65734, Kinsman 41st 62803,
Bright Prince 65579, Royal Cornwall 20th 87163. NO.3o.
McCausland, M. M., Drenagh, Limavady, Londonderry [1877]. T.Own
Sister to Isabella, Waterloo, Victoria, Priory Beauty. S. Lad of Tullyhogue
86355, Wanderers Gift 2nd 975 7, Tullyhogue Butterfly 93681. NO.4o.
McRobert, John, J.P., Rademon, Crossgar, Down [1882]. S. Sea
King 66303, Life Insurance 85453, Ludo 83992, Doorless Safeguard 94907.
No.About 20.
McWilliam, James, Stoneytown, Keith, Banif. (Removed to Gar-
bity, Orton Station, Morayshire) [1871]. T.Goldies, Princess Royals, Gems,
Julias, Sunbeams. 8.Knickerbocker 38510, Democrat 55560, Eastern Star
888i, Strongbow 52220, Clarendon 68373, Pride of Fame 73238, Pride of
Avon 86878. No.About 6o.
Middleton, Lord, Birdsall House, York, Yorkshire [1878]. T. Waterloo,
Duchess. 8.Knight of Oxford 12th, Scottish Archer 59893, Golden Sceptre
65592, Staff Officer 69646, Aaron 75978, Illustrious Count 95537. NO.9o to
Ioo.
Miller, F., La Belen, Clifton Road, Birkenhead, Cheshire [1903]. T.Cambridge
Rose, Blanche, Barrington, Gazelle, Craggs. S.Rud- dington Prince Chris-
tian 89997, Violets Fame 78078, Bapton Viceroy, Broadhooks Champion,
Linksfield Champion 86401, Village Purple. No.-About 40.
Milne, John, Upper Crichie, Auchnagatt, Aberdeen [5897]. T. Rose-
buds, Undines, Jewels, Lady Lauras, Uppermill Bessies, Rosemarys, Missies.
S.Cruickshank Extract 94805. No.About 20.
Minton, T. S., Montford, Shrewsbury, Shropshire [1892]. T. Waterloo,
Musical. 8.Gladys Hero 4th 59013, King Hal 72767, Secretary of State 56536,
Duke of Barrington 6oth 74390, Wanderers Chief 80210, Best of Archers
69985, Pearl Diver 75203, Duke of Hazlecote I ioth, 80924, Ambassador
80340. No.45.
Moffat, Mrs., Ballyhyland, Enniscorthy, Wexford [i86i]. T. Booth,
Bates blood, Gwynnes, Splendours, Freaks, etc. 8.White Chieftain 21096,
Dey of Algiers 25892, Richards Bolivar 32300, Royalist 37396, Grand Cross
44888, Golden Standard 44879, Riby Jim 77640, Royal Forester 58053, Fi-
nancial Secretary 76681. No.About 50.
Monckton, Frank W., Ightham Warren, Kent [1903]. T. Cruickshank,
Duthie. 8.Pride of Clippers, Warren Squire. No.3o.
Moore, G. E., Frayne House, Athboy, co. Meath [about 1900]. T.Cembra,
Jewel, Medora, Broadhooks, Waterloo, Fair Fame, Dairy- maid, Duchess of
Thorndale. 8.White Frost 71849, Pride of Coollattin 4345, Viscount Bruce
85oo8, WQ.3o to 40.
Moreton, Lord, Sarsden, Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire [1875]. T.Duchess,

Oxford, Siddington, Wild Eyes, Charmer, Chaff, Fanny, Blanche. 8.Beau
Champion 56930, Duke of Chatsworth 6th 65363, Sir Barrington 5th 75642,
Court Jester 74318, Yorton Knight 90582, Rose Noble 96836. No.7o to 8o.
Morgan-Richardson C., Morgenau Boncath, Pembroke- shire [i88o].
T.Hecuba, Calomel, Premium (Angus), Cowslip, Water- loo. 8.Reformer
53521, Major 59419, Moonlight 75110, Barons Pride 78339. NO.4o.
Morison, A. O., Corskie, Gavenwood, Banff [1891]. T.Jenny Lind,
Miss Ramsden, Missie. 8.Balmoral 71958, Knight of the Shire 72791, Cor-
poral 91345. No.About 25.
Morton, William J., Batchworth Heath House, Rickmans- worth,
Herts. [1907]. T.Oxford,WaterlOO, Wild Eyes, Ruby, Seraphina, 8.Oxford
Baron 96304. NO.25 to 30.
Mosley, Sir Oswald, Bart., Rolleston Hall, Burton- on-Trent, Stafford-
shire [1890]. T.Bates Cambridge Rose, Oxford, Kirklevington, Wild Eyes,
Waterloo, Monogram. 8.Regulator, Diplo- matist, Beautys Pride, Hawthorn
Duke. No.120 to iSo.
Moubray, John J., Naemoor, Rumbling-Bridge, Perth [i885]. T.Booth.
8.Royal Herald 64736, FitzRiby 70447, Sir Grimston Studley 2nd 75668, Sir
Charles Grimston 75646, Lord Mayo 77090. No.5o.
Montray, Anketell, Favour Royal, Aughnacloy, Tyrone [about 1852].
T.Favour Royal Normas, Blossoms, Acombs, Elviras, Fames, and Masons
Chaumontels. 8.Knight of the Grand Cross 31558, Gladiator 36698, Brave
Chieftain 41125, Lord Marmion 49937, King Perfection 57529, Golden Prince
65590, Brigadier 8o55o, Victorious 84979, Barons Pride 94212, Edward
72466, President 64538, Yorkist 90577, Sir Stephen 8ooo6. No.6o to 70.
Mullany, James, Hollymount, Boyle, Roscommon, Ireland [1869]. T.Darlings,
Brights, Bracelets. 8.Bachelor 2nd 69901, Spicy Victor 73702, Lord Inverurie
72885, Lord Castanet 77043, Wanderers King 80212. NO.12.
Munro, Colonel Charles, Mains of Murthly, Aberfeldy, Perthshire
[i88o]. T.Carnation, Sittyton Julia, Ruth, Venus, Laura, Emmeline, Mysie,
Augusta, Clara, Primrose, Cowslip, Crocus, Lady Mary, Well Heads Rose,
Guinea Bird, Belle, Marigold, Rubyhill. 8. Rubys Earl 93293, Edwin of
Ballechin, Laird of Murthly. No.ioo.
Murray, Alexander, Old Manse, Boyndie, Banff [1887]. T.Goldies,
Julias, Evening Stars, Calceolarias, Myrtles. 8.Cornelius 76409, General
Lancaster 83557, Stoneytown Seal 90246. No.5o to 6o.
Murray, Charles A. Scott, The Manor House, Hambleden, Henley-
on-Thames, Bucks. [1892]. T.Rose of France, Old Daisy, Beasleys J., Wa-
terloo, Anemone. 8.Hopeful Fred 74722, His Grace 76862, General 8867S,
Prince Pericles 3oth. No.ioo.
Murray, James, of Touchadam and Polmaise, Polmaise Castle, Stir-
ling, N.B. [1890]. T.Waterloos, Lovelys, Strawberrys, Claras, I bys, Beautys.
8.Consul 76405, Baron Butt 78309, Record of Sanquhar 87015, Diamond
765
Bank 91469, Diamond Corner 94869, Millice t Chief 96096. No.3o.

Murray, William, Kilcoy, Killearnan, Ross-shire [1900]. T. Water-
loos, Gwynnes, Moss Roses. S.Kilblean Stamp 88978, Merry Fortune 77260,
Motto 81754, Amazon Chief 90661. No.About 21.
Mytton, Devereux Herbert, Garth, Welshpool, Mont- gomery [1870].
T.Chiefly Bates. S.Fitzwilliam 3rd 47877, Baron Hobbs 66672, Morgenau
Star 89383. No.–About I5o.
Nash, R. G., Finnstown House, Lucan, co. Dublin [1901]. T. Se-
cret, Orphan, Rowena, Jenny Lind, Pure Gold, Beautiful, Augusta, Flower,
Meg Merrilies, Red Lady, Cowslip, Butterfly, Rose. 8.Golden Crest 81163,
Stephen Fitz-Lavender 73732, General Goldie 83556, Nonpareil Courtier
79488. No.About 30.
Newton, John R., The Bent, Warburton, Cheshire [1893]. T.Princess
Sybils, Melodys, Lilys. 8.Moss Trooper 79466, British Melody 91043, Knap-
ton Waterloo 6th 86343. No.20.
Nichol, Anthony Frederick, Bradford, Belford, North- uruberland
[1890]. T.Princesses, Lady Janes, Lilys. 8.Golden Crown 70523, Morning
Star 77302, Talisman 82437, Baron Butterfly 82783. No.About 8o.
Nickels, J. Tetley, The Day House, Shrewsbury, Salop [1892]. T.Kirklevingtons,
Honeysuckles, and Scotch blood. 8.Holker Duke 3rd 79075, Ruddington
King Edward 84669, Merryman 65925, Chewton Ideal 8o68o. No.6o.
Nocton, William, J.P., Langham Hall, Colchester, Essex [about 1904].
T.Darlingtons. 8.Magistrate 892oo. No.io to 25.
Nolans, Wm., Navarra, Ballycanew, Wexford, Ireland [about i868].
T.Honeymoons, Spots, Hawthorns. 8.St. Patrick 35456, Sir Garnet 35554,
Fitzwilliam 41560, Rufus 53619, Red Duke 57970, Signal 59920, General
Fame 62640, Southern Cross 67954, Beau Sire 80449. NO.12 to i6.
Northbrook, Earl of, Stratton, Micheldever Station, Hamp- shire
[1884]. T.Red Rose, Broadhooks, Seraphina, Flora. 8. Sovereign 61841,
Royal Rover 59846, Christmas Gift 66837, Franciscan 76711, Philosopher
86813. No.7o to 8o.
Northumberland, The Duke of, K.G., Alnwick Castle, Alnwick,
Northumberland [about 1831]. T.Cowslip, Stanwick Daisy Dale, Crofton
Rosebud, Angus Gaiety, Angus Cherry, Rose, Farewell, Bright, Millicent,
Sowerby, Clipper, Marigold, Clara. 8.Warlaby, Booth, Scotch, including
The Leader 66428, Pride of Princes 77457, Pride of Freedom 73241, Scottish
Mint 93369, Sir Augustus 90153. No. 200.
O’Connor, J., Spring Farm, Drumgoold, Enniscorthy, Wexford [1897].
T.Medoras. 8.Ventnor 73808, Ballyvadden Swell 80377, Elia of Cluny 85871,
Lilies Last 81456, Fairfax of Cluny 88539. No.25.
Oswell, John Basnett, Eardiston House, West Felton, Oswestry [1901].
T.Pyes, Musicals, Butterflies. 8.Lord Dacre 79242, Vain Victor 84950,
Coleshill Ranger 91287. No.5o.
Palmer, Thomas, Hampton Lodge, Warwickshire. 8.Brcd by Lord

Northbrook and Lord Lathom. Nozo or 12.
Parkin-Moore, Wm., Whitehall, Mealsgate, Cumberland [189x]. T.Cardigan,
Cherry, Scotch. 8.Granite City 70570, Brilliant Star 76240, Lord Victor
74938. No.About soo.
Parkinson, John, Grundon House, Thornton Marishes, Picker- ing,
York [19o1]. T.Lady Maws, Blanches, Confidences. 8.Eller- burne Archer
83412, Wild Duke of Geneva 247th 87716, Valiant Victor 97518. No.4o.
Parlour, Thomas, Middle Farm, Dalton-on-Tees, Darlington [1904].
T.Old North-country strains. 8.Trent Bank 84922, Gilbert of Cluny 91813.
No.About 30.
Paterson, James, J., Terrona, Langholrn, Dumfriesshire [1874]. T.Booth,
Bates, Cruickshank, Broadhooks, Goldies. 8.Merryman 89306, Montrave
Leader 96143, Diamond Finder 94879. No.About 4x.
Paul, Sir William Joshua, Bart., Ballyglan, Waterford [1849]. T.Bracelet,
Peahen, Medora, Venus, Lilias, Lancashire families, Gwynne Favourite. 8.Lord
of Riches, Dromana Mantalini Duke, Polestar. NO.2x.
Peacock, T. D., Hovingham, Yorks. [1897]. T.Lady of Ryedale, Lady
Maynard, Waterloo. 8.Prince of Avon 92901, Crown Prince 76452, Temple
Hill 90320. NO.12.
Peter, J. A., Berkeley, Gloucestershire [1897]. T.Duchess, Waterloo,
Kirklevington, Darlington, Broadhooks. 8.Blanco 63873, Imperial Prince
81312, Vain Victor 93716. No.30.
Peterkin, Wm., & J. W., Dunglass, Conon Bridge, Ross [i868].
T.Brawith Buds, Rubys, Jessicas. 8.Chamberlain 60461, Merry Hampton
73063, Collynie Conqueror 78609. No.ioo.
Pery-Knox-Gore, Mrs., Coolcronan, Ballina, Mayo [1877]. T.Farewell,
Augusta, Rosemary, Goldie, Torrs G. 8.Count Conrad 80773, Lord Curzon
95816, Augustus Royal 94078, Cromwell 94789. N0.14.
Phillips, Charles D., J.P., The Gaer, Newport, Mon. [1904]. T.Bates,
Waterloo, Frost. 8.Bapton Sceptre, Wrestlers Baronet, Claras Lovats Heir.
NO.30.
Phillips, Frederick, Shipton Sollars Manor, Andoversford, Glos. T.Pyes,
Waterloos, Butterflys. 8.First Favor 85972, Newton Comet 96196, Roving
Minstrel 96853, Charming Prince 3rd 94612, Violet Favour 97567. No.6o to
8o.
Pickthall, George, Bradley Farm, Hincaster, Milnthorpe, Westmor-
land [1901]. T.Handleys strains. 8.Admiral Douglas 78211, St. George
93319, Lord Ruby 2nd 92345. No.About 70.
Pinder, Major T. W., Newstead House, Stamford, Lincolnshire [x857].
T.Red Rose (Thorndale Rose branch), Craggs, Lady Waterloo, Blanche,
Beasleys J., Webbs Welcome. 8.Red Prince 67708, Heir of Waterloo 2nd
76855, Virtuoso 69763, Duke of Dorset 4th 88452, Red Cloud 93026. No.About
40.
767
Pinnell, Charles, Kidlington (farm at Westwell), Oxford [19o5]. T.Cambridge,

Waterloo, Rose of Oxford. 8.Village Beau 87631, Sir John Swinburne 90164,
Chorus Boy 94651. NO.14.
Poisson, Mrs. N. J., Lonesome Farm, near Reigate, Surrey [7905].
T.Bates, Gwynne, Portrait, Hilda, Ruby, Booth. 8.Gatton Hawthorn 8866r,
Marden Funny-Card 86546, Lonesome Boy 92268. No.i 2.
Polwarth, Lord, Mertoun House, 5t. Boswells, Berwickshire [1867].
T.Farewells, Waves, Brights, Ribys, Gowans, Madelines, Butterflies, Bracelets,
Medoras. 8.King Stephen, Royal Riby, Sir Lucius, Nonsuch, Royal Sovereign,
Sir Arthur Irwin, Sir Leopold Studley, British Butterfly, British Renown.
No.6o to 8o.
Porter, Thomas, Clogher Park, Tyrone [1905].
Potter, Edmund, Lowfields, Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmorland [1894].
T.Duchess, Cambridge Rose, Kirklevington, Seraphina, Ruth, Missie, Man-
talini, Madeline, Eliza, Moss Rose. 8.Kings Cross 59199, His Excellency
67193, The New Boy 69701, Sir Arthur Sullivan 69589, Nizam 73138, Rose-
mere 75480, Lands End 74876, Sir Cornwall Studley 82326, Heather Plume
83699, Merry Challenger 92306, Auchna- cree Bounce 94070. No. 70.
Portland, The Duke of, K.G., Welbeck Abbey, Worksop, Notting-
ham [i 878]. T.Waterloos, Furbelows, Darlingtons, Kirklev- ingtons, Blanches,
Barringtons. 8.Mowbrick Royal Prince 77306, Woolmers Viceroy 93943,
Wild Duke of Geneva 265th 93907. No.45.
Powell, John, Lower XVick, Worcester [1895]. T.Woodnut Beetroot,
Fidget, Waterloo Rose, Violet, Foggatborpe. 8.Cato 66793, Foghorn 76698,
Red Lancer 79777, Baron Rose 82810, Blucher of Barnby 85379, Prince of
the Roses 92914. No. o to 6o.
Powis, The Earl of, Powis Castle, Welshpool, Montgomery- shire
[i885]. T.Pye, Maid of Promise, Dora, Princess Amy, Augusta. 8.Sala-
mander 66277, Master Archer 70962, Cornish Knight 78641, Alastair 78692,
Linksfield Champion 86401, Gold Mine 95350. No. 700 to 120.
Preece, John Adney, Drayton Home Farm, Northamptonshire [1887].
T.Bates Barringtons, Waterloos, Charmers. 8.Major 59419, Scottish Beau
69552, Primrose Earl 89641. No.25o.
Pringle, Henry, The Moor, Ballygawley, Tyrone, Ireland [1897]. T.Towneley
Butterflies, Heather Bells. 8.Good Fortune 79002, Sir Redvers Buller 82339,
Derryc Toff 88375. No.8 to io.
Procter, George Henderson, Flass House Durham [1889]. T.Matildas,
Farewells, Gay Baronesses, Rosebuds, Vestas. 8.Bright Boy 60403, The Beau
73765, Fairy Beau 74510. No. About 30.
Raphael, Cecil Frank, Porters Park, Shenley, Herts. [1902]. T.Roan
Lady, Sunbeam, Goldie, Marigold, Lady Dorothy, Broadhooks, Jilt, Julia,
Queen of Rothes. 8.Sir Hector 90161, G. C. B. 86045, Duke of Strathtay
88470, Diamond Baron, Diamond Renown, Shenley Victor. No. o.
Rathdonnell, Lord, Lisnavagh, Rathvilly, co. Carlow, and Drumcar,
Dunleer, co. Louth [1875]. T.Medora or Isabella, Waterloo, Fame, Flower,

Lisnavagh V., Bliss, Chilton. 8.Booth. No.2o to 30.
Raynar J. Percy, Tancred, Whixley, York, Yorkshire [1901]. T.Bates,
Booth and Cruicksbank blood, Honey, Flora, Rosedale. S. Weston King
80243, Moorfield Duke 84175, Tancred King 87543, Park Royal 92765, Coniscliffe
Victor 94698, Violets Gem 97569, Birdsall Argonaut 82879, Holker Baron
Oxford 3rd 86206. No.3o.
Raven, John H., The Hydes, Thaxted, Dunmow, Essex [1882]. T.–
Star Princess, Moresby, Pansy. 8.-Kinsman 51st 70722, King Cole 74789,
Lord Oxford 2nd 79294, Bapton Onyx 82772. No.4o.
Read, Benj., Church Farm, Cam, Dursley, Gloucestershire [1879]. T.Roses
of France, Coquettes, Charmers, Barringtons, Jeannies, Fannys, Norahs,
Quicksilvers. 8.Lord Brooke 2nd 49884, Berthas Boy 60356, Lord Somerset
zoth 48249, Aristocrat 62091, Oxford Marquis 69216, Coral Beau 78634,
Alto Victor 87806, Cranford Czar 2nd 8569ct, Badminton Beau 90737.
No.65 to 8o.
Reeve, Captain, Leadenham House, Lincoln [I845]. T.Wild Duchess of
Geneva, Beauty, Bertha, Pierrepont-Ruby, Pretty Bell, May- flower, Mellon
Rose, Butterfly Duchess. 8.Pretender 66564, Coral Prince 70187, Coast-
guard 74266, Edwig of Cluny 85859, Spicy Magnate 93505, Diamond Ridge
94888. No.About 40.
Reid, John L., Cromleybank, Ellon, Aberdeen [1899]. T.Roan Ladies,
Goldies, Clarets, Augustas, Nonpareils, Secrets, Lancasters, Jessamines.
8.Belvidere 66696, Mornings Pride 69154, Wanderers Gift 80211, Royal
Crown 84598. No.6o.
Reynard, Frederick, Sunderlandwick, Driffield, Yorkshire [1883]. T.Amelias,
Sweet Loves. 8.Grand Earl of Waterloo 19th 70564, Gold Crest 83580, Jack-
ston 92049. NO.40.
Rhodes, Fairfax, Brockhampton Park, Andoversford, Glouces- tershire
[1901]. T.Pycs, Marigolds, Seraphinas, Musicals, and Scotch blood. 8.Riss-
ington Lad 84514, Waterloo Champion 90463, Gold Plate 88745, Cotehay
Pioneer 94737. No.-3o to 40.
Richmond and Gordon, Duke of, K.G., Gordon Castle Fochabers,
Moray [1842]. T.ChiefLustres, Duchesses, Gracefuls, Lady Evelyn Hopes,
Lily of the Valleys, Princesses, Queen Esthers, Queen of Speys, Rosa Hopes,
Selenas, Sister Superiors, Sunsets. 8.Royal Hope 32392, Arthur Benedict
40986, Strongbow 52220, Vice-Chancellor 668s, Scotlands Glory 61761,
Musgrave 64470, Village Archer 71789, Merry Nonpareil 84126, Cloudy
Knight 91280. No.7o to 8o.
Riddell, John, Timberley, Castle Bromwich, Warwick [1905]. T.Charmer,
Barrington, Waterloo, Seraphina and Scotch. 8.Lord Sandgrove 58th 86461,
Elvetham Renown 91623. No.4o.
Riddell, John W., High Moor, Felton, Northumberland [1901]. T.-
Duchess of Kirkwhelpington, Old Chrisp Princess. 8.Rose Shoot 82110,
769
Mayor of Berwick 81675, Alpha 87800, Royal Oak 96930. No. 10 to 20.
Robarts, A. J., Tile House, Buckingham, Bucks. [1862]. T. Seraphi-
nas, Barringtons. 8.Grand Duke 3rd 16182, Duke of Claro 2nd 21576, St.
Cuthbert 58104, Duke of Charming Land 39th 52753, Scottish King 77824,
Lord Sandgrove 6th 41921, Lord Siddington 38664. No. 50.
Robertson, W. Brown, Coleburn, Longmorn, R.SO., Moray- shire
[1905]. T.Augustas, Beauties, Jilts. 8.Newton Star. No. About 20.
Robinson, J. & H., Iford, Lewes, Sussex [1895]. T.Waterloos, Blanches,
Wild Eyes, Fairy Duchesses, Charmers. S.Rowbury 75491, Red Lord i6th
77594, Regent Woolmers 79736, Vain Lad 80152, Main- stay 86521, Wild
Prince 15th 85083, Wild Prince i6th 93910, Holker Barmpton Farewell 86204,
Cam Duke 2nd 88i i6, Coral Beau 78634.
Robinson, William A., Drogheda House, Mountmellick, Queens County
[1906]. 6.Straffan Boy, Peaceful Prince. No.8.
Robson, John, Newton, Bellingham, Northumberland [1878]. T.Flower
Girls, Js, Oxfords. S.Goliath 656oo, Moonlight 75110, Grand Duke of
Kirklevington 4th 43317. NO.30.
Rogers, A. C., Prebend House, Buckingham, Bucks. [1901]. T.. Bar-
ringtons, Seraphinas; Bates and Cruickshank blood. S.Slyne Duke 90180.
NO.2o to 30.
Rooke, Jno., & Son, Weldon Grange, Corby, Kettering, Northampton
[1903]. S.Barrington Boy 3rd 90829, Toulbrick Royal Hero 97456, Surprise
97367.
Rothschild, Lord, Tring Park, Tring, Herts. [1897]. S. Magna Charta
77166, Baron Bates 82779, Traveller 93667, Conjuror 91310. No.x5o.
Roskruge, Thomas F., Tehidy Barton, Camborne, Cornwall [1886].
T.Ruths, Maynards Rosamond, Gwynnes, Roan Kittys. S. Baron Bridekirk
15th 63639, Norman 73140, Sherborne Count 84762, Chancellor 91191.
No.6o.
Ross, John & A. G., Millcraig, Alness, Ross-shire [1873]. T. Broad-
hooks, Lady Underley, Phantassie Flower, Marigold, Dairyrnaid, Dahlia.
5.Abbotrule 73937, Ringleader 64663, Champion 668oi, Ajax 80320, Prince
of Archers 71240, Sir Walter 87392, Max 73034. No. About 6o.
Rothwell, R. R., Moss Farm, Much Hoole, Preston, Lancashire [1899].
T.Mostly Scotch blood, Clara, Marigold, Rosemary, etc. S. Chancellor
8o657, Hoole Golden Star 37834, Strowan Marquis 13th 90268, Man o War
92436. No.6o.
Rowlandson, James, Unthank Hall, Hutton-in-the-Forest, Penrith,
Cumberland [19o2] T.Windsors, Duchess, and Peeress. S. Red Chief 73362,
Fern King 85965, Baron Lucker 9080o. No.6o.
Salvin, Henry, D. L., Burn Hall, Durham [1903]. T.Nelly, Musical,
Wild Eyes, Honey, Barmpton Rose, Cowslip, Lady Sarah, Dido, Certainty,
Angus Cherry, Ruth, Medora, Farewell, Carnation, Fleur de Lis, Grace.
S.Crystal 83222, Royal Edward 82153, Burnhall Wanderer 94508. No.6o.
Sanday, Samuel, Puddington Hall, Heston, Cheshire [1905]. T.Musical,

Frost, Waterloo, Grand Duchess, Oxford, Wild Eyes, Foggathorpe, Barring-
ton, Darlington. 5.Hambleden General 4th 91929, Beau Furbelow 94254,
Waterloo Chieftain 97621. No.5o to 6o.
Sanders, John William, Gilmorton, Lutterworth, Leicester [1887].
T.Carrie and Nelly Lee, Arkell families, Sweetheart. S. Duke of Barrington
33rd 6o66i, Duke of Warlaby 72423, Prince Softlaw 2nd 86965. NO.4o to
5o.
Sanderson, David, Stainton Vale, Stockton-on-Tees, Yorkshire [1903].
T.Foggathorpes, Oxfords, Cherrys. 8.Benson Pride 87949, Scottish Monarch
9705 i. No.14.
Scott, Walter Montagu, Nether Swell Manor, Stow-on- the-Wold,
Gloucestershire [i 905]. T.Clippers, Floras, Lavenders, Broadhooks, Butter-
flys, Bellonas. 8.Royal Choice 9320!, Gold Plate 91883.
Scoby, Geo., Beadlam Grange, Nawton, Yorkshire [1874]. T. Kirklev-
ingtons, Thorndale Roses, etc. 8.Bates blood. NO.20 to 35.
Sessions, H., Wootton Manor, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon [19031. T.Strawberry,
Moss Rose, Royal Maiden, Kirklevington. 8.French Knight, Whittlebury
Conqueror, St. Florian, Quirinal, Queens Archer. No.5o.
Sherborne, Lord, Sherborne Park, Northleach, Gloucestershire [1840].
T.Ruths, Pyes, and Cruickshank blood. 8.Scottish Monarch 77828, Mystic
Stone 96181. No.6o.
Silver, William, Mains of Benholm, Johnshaven, Kincardine [about
I9oi]. T.Lancasters, Maid of Athens. 8.King Victor 81394, Victor 87623,
Bonny Scotland 82915, Nansen 92643. No.12 to i6.
Singer, Robert, Haycroft, Sherborne, R.S.O., Gloucestershire [1897].
T.Diamonds, Rosies. 8.Chorister 7635!, Sittyton Fancy 8ooi x, Dignity
91482. NO.20.
Sivewright, The Hon. Sir James, K.C.M.G., Tulliallan, Kincardine-
on-Forth, Fife [1904]. T.Lancaster, Emmeline, Eliza, Carnation, Miss Laura,
Mysie. 8.Diamond Block, Broadhooks Earl, Dunglass Hero, Standard Bearer.
No.3o.
Small, William, Lattery, Markethill, Armagh [1905]. T. W. R. Craw-
ford, Lord Caledon, and R. McCallagh strains. 8.Straffan Monarch 93560,
Caledon Lad 88io6. NO.42.
Smiley, Sir Hugh H., Bart., Ardmore, Lame, co. Antrim [1899].
T.Cruickshank strains, Butterfly, Broadhooks, Secret, Victoria, Lady Mary.
S.Candahar 78522, March Past 84042, Glenariff 88707, Olderfleet 89468,
Extra Stamp 91650. No.About 6o.
Smith, H. Junr., The Cottage, Cropwell Butler, near Nottingham,
Nottinghamshire [1893]. T.Bates Waterloo, Wild Eyes, Gwynnes. 8.Hayle
Speculator 81247, Connaught Ranger 78628, Pride of Riby 81889, Cropwell
Speculator 94793. No.2o to 30.
771
Smith, Hon. W. F. D., Greenlands, Henley-on-Thames, Bucks. [1884].

T.–Barmpton Rose, Kirklevington, Red Rose, Barrington, Old Daisy, Wild
Eyes, Waterloo, Oxford, Madeline. 8.Duke of Cumber- land 3rd 68 o6,
Rotherfield Augustus 77692, Stoneytown Pride 77972. No.i5o.
Smith, J. & G. H., Harthill, Sheffield, Yorkshire [i86o]. T. Lady Geor-
giana, Cressidas, Riby Blushing Rose. 8.Earl of Galloway 38223, Handel
26335, Empire 58894, Lord Scott 79308, Birdsall Artisan 82881, Eastover
Dandy 91599. NO.30.
Smith, John T., West Wratting, Cambridgeshire [1904]. T. Moore
and Adeane strains. 8.Babraham Raider 94103, Prince Pericles 24th 86953,
Fairy Prince 81020. NO.20.
Spencer, Charles, Holywell Manor, near St. Ives, Hunts. [1867].
T.Sussex Stars, Ruths. 8.Count Valiant 70200, Silver Cup 84780. No.About
5o.
Stanyforth, E. W., Kirk Hammerton Hall, York, Yorkshire [1848].
T.Medora, Mantalini, Pride, Flower, Hecuba. 8.King Stephen 46559, Sir
John Mowbray Merry Christon 5948, Sir Melton 69608, Lord Silvester
72927, Merryman 79425, Birdsall Argonaut 82879. No.About 30.
Stepney, Sir E. A. A. K. C., Bart., The Dell, Lianelly, Carmarthen-
shire [i 9oo]. T.Musicals, Fairies, Timbrels, Princesses, Kirklevingtons, Milli-
cents, Quicksilvers. 8.Deputy Lieutenant 72336, Rotherfield Emperor 82121,
Drayton Augustus 83323, Bapton Onyx 82772. No.40 to 5o.
Stevenson, F. C., & W. C., Swepstone, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leices-
tershire [1901]. T.Waterloo, Foggathorpe, Red Rose, Bates Marigold, Marr
or Cruickshank. 8.Courier 85676, Whitewall Raider 93888. No.About 30.
Stewart, Duncan, Millhills, Crieff, Perthshire [1897]. T. Cruickshanks,
Waterloos, Broadhooks. 8.Proud Favourite 84420, Captain of the Mint.
No.12.
Steward, F. J., White Hall Farm, Brigstock, Thrapston, Northampto
nshire [1896]. T.-Barringtons, Waterloos, Blanches, Kirk- levingtons, Booths
and Cruickshanks. 8.Scottish Beau 69552, Cruick- shank Bates 74326, Gen-
eral Buller 76747, Barrington Boy 82825, Rear- guard 77572, Ascott Star
90714, Imperial Prince 81372, Solid Silver 87419, Duke of Barrington 70th
94959. No.i8o.
Stirling, Capt. C. Home Graham, Strowan, Crieff Perth- shire [i86 ].
T.Strowan Marchionesses, Buttercups, Upperniill Claras, Newton Miriams.
8.Defender, Star of Dawn, Montrave Baron, Strowan Champion, Congalton
Conqueror. No.About 40.
Stockburn, John L., Kettering, Northamptonshire [1897]. T. Game
Pye. 8.Raider 79683, Emperor of Waterloo 35th 83428, Field Marshal 85967.
No. o.
Stokes, Thomas, The Home Farm, Warmington, Northants. [1872].
T.Barrington, Waterloo, Oxford, Gwynne. 8.Gladys Hero 52940, Wild Con-
naught 62013, Duke of York 13th 65405, Prince Waterloo 73323, Royal Ref-
eree 79835, Royal Earl Waterloo 15th 87178, Neptune 92653. No.About
ioo.
Straker, Frederic, Angerton, Morpeth, Northumberland [i 900]. T.Arinathwaite
Butterfly, Fuchsia, Oxford, Honey, Millicent. 8.Prince Abbotsford, Birdsall
Vicar. NO.40.
Straker, Herbert, Hartforth Grange, Richmond, Yorkshire [1891]. T.Lady
Bates, Cherrys, Nannys. 8.Crusader 78665, Good Morning 79004, Comman-
der 68388. No.About 50.
Straker, Joseph Henry, Howden Dene, Corbridge, North- umberland
[1905]. T.Bates blood. S.Gay Victor, Oxfords Merry Duke, Howdene Sultan.
No.22.
Stratton, R., The Duffeyn, Newport, Mon. [1838]. T.Moss Roses,
Victorias, Timbrels. 8.Paladin 89503, Earl of Yewden 5th 95046, Lord Han-
kerton 95830, Lord Blanche i5th 92282, Fortunatus 91739.
Strickland, J. M., Warren House, Brandsby, Easingwold, Yorkshire
[i8oo]. 8.Bapton Judge 82768, Prince of Avon 92901, Silver Augustus 90136.
No.yo.
Swann, John, The Lookout, Seaton Delaval, Northumberland [1878].
T.Bates and Booth, Acon-ib and Waterloo. 8.Hans Ander- sen 46479, Royal
Acomb 6i666, Cadwallader Bates 83019. No. 15 to 20.
Swinburne, Sir John, Bart., Capheaton, Newcastle-on- Tyne, Northum-
berland [1870]. T.Oxfords, Waterloos, Wild Eyes, Foggathorpes, Red Roses,
Vedas. 8.—Dukes of Oxford 27th, 48th, and 69th, Duke of Barrington 8th,
Dentsman 3rd, Duke of Sittyton, Royal Shape, Chieftain 78588, Lord St.
Clair 79305. NO.77.
Sykes, Lieut-Col. H. P., Longford Hall, Newport, Shropshire [1903].
T.Waterloo, Rose of France. 8.Master Waterloo, Baron. No.s 2.
Talbot-Crosbie, Lindsey, J.P., D.L., Ardfert Abbey, Kerry, Ireland
[1841]. T.Riby Anna, Ardfert Isabella or Medora, Fanny. 8.Pharos 79546,
Industrious Prince 86238, Fair Lord 63999, Beacon Light 74041, Stephen
FitzLavender 73732, Kelmscott Lad 13th 86309. No.About 12.
Tayler & Co., Northleach, Gloucestershire [1892]. T.Pye, Ringlet,
Spangle. 8.Wrestler 66582, Aldsworth Jasper 85147, Golden Flash 9[845.
No.About 40.
Taylor, Darcy E., The Rocks, Marshfield, Gloucestershire [1905]. T.Bates:
Duchess, Oxford, Waterloo, Wild Eyes, Blanche, Rarrington. 8.Waterloo
Wave Duke 93834, Royal Earl Waterloo 17th 93214. No.3o.
Taylor, George, Cranford, Middlesex [1878]. T.Bates: Duchess, Ox-
ford, Waterloo, Barrington, Wild Eyes, Darlington. 8.Lord Somerset ioth
48249, Duke of Cumberland ioth 72395, Beau Sabreur 74049. No.15o to 200.
Taylor, Robert Exors., Withernwick, Hull, Yorks. [about 1845].
T.Waterloos and old home strain. No.5o to 6o.
Taylor, Robert, Pitlivie Farm, Forfar. [1890]. T.Undines, Broadhooks,
Princess Royals, Miss Ramsdens, Butterflys, Beautys, Rose- buds, Missies,
773
Cherry Blossoms, Nonpareils. 8.Collynie Conqueror, March On, Royal Em-

blem, Clan McGregor, Scottish Wanderer, Pitlivie Star, Pitlivie Nonpareil,
Cyprus King. No.5oo to 600.
Thompson, R. Heywood, Nunwick Hall, Penrith, Cumber- land.
No.About 12.
Thompson, William, Ellen Grove, Mealsgate, Cumberland [1906].
T.Millicents, Barmpton Roses, Waterloos, Madelines. 8. Prince Raglan.
No.3o.
Thompson, William, & Son, Moresdale Hall, Kendal, Westmorland
[1871]. T.Millicents, Gwynnes, Sowerbys, Sweethearts, Cressidas, Butter-
flys. 8.Prince of Perth 32176, Banner Bearer 27907, Major Benedict 41959,
Royalty 66235, Lord Remenham i6th 92340.
Thorold, Sir John H., Bart., Syston Park, Grantham [1875]. T.Bates,
Coatse, and Cruickshank blood. 8.Major 38696, Dairyman 74333, Winsome
Prior 80285, Belton Red Knight 72038, Sweet William 82433. No.About
ioo.
Tighe, E. K. B., Woodstock, Inistioge, Kilkenny [I9oo]. S -.-. Brace
Glenboro 880o4, Financier. No.io.
Tindall, C. W., Wainfleet Hall, Lincolnshire [1897]. T.Violets, Clip-
pers, Missies. 8.Royal Pearl 89959, Wanderers Prince 78105, Enchanter
85887. T.io to 20.
Tipping, Nathaniel William, Deerpark, Newtownstewart, Tyrone,
Ireland, [1890]. T. Matchlesses, Grana Uiles, Emmas, Geor- ginas, Spright-
leys. 8.Royal Salvo 69489, Imperial 72705, Otto 75165, Quick March 79677,
Glencoe 78967, Pride of Dundee 8r88 , Jolly Lad 76926, Jolly Boy 86272,
Squire Douglas 90214, Wallstown Herald 93788, Red Herald. No.About 30.
Tohall, Henry, Moy, Tyrone [1877]. T.Picture, Thorn, Janette. 8.New
Years Gift 13385, Knight of Raby 34393, Auchnacree Kaiser 90725, Spicy
King 75717, Marauding Chief 92439, Duthies Choice 80965, Diamond Stone
88393. No.io.
Toler-Aylward, H. J. C., Shankhill Castle, Kilkenny [1896]. T.M
antalinis, Roanys, Daisys, Isabellas, Soldiers. 8.Dumbarton 68549, Royal
Prince 84645, Diamond Link 91476. NO.30.
Tong, C. J., Great Towbrick Farm, Hambleton, Poulton-le-Fylde, Lan-
caster [i 897]. T.Circes, Louisas, Medoras, Blanches. 8.Sweet William 71715,
Estimation 2nd 76627, Marigold Pride 86553, Pillar Stone 84311, Duke of
Barrington 72nd 94960. No.4o.
Toppin, John C., Musgrave Hall, Penrith, Cumberland [1822]. T.Torrs:
Brights, Flowers, Hs and Gs ; Alpines, Angus Daisys, Queens, Welsteds La-
dys, Mistress, Marys, Laurestinas, Farewells. 8.Count of the Realm 23640,
Iron Duke 31426, Baron Killerby 23364, British Knight 33220, Norman Fame
34922, Victoria Cross 53787, Lord George 72876, Moonstone 86692. No.5o.
Tory, Henry J. S., Damory Court, Blandford, Dorset [I9oo]. T.Pyes,
Waterloos, Augustas, Countesses, Kirklevingtons, Fannys. 8.Ringdale Duke
82058, Alto Victor 87806, Merry Cavalier 86617, Damory Gallant Victor
88340. No.About 75.
Tredegar, Viscount, Home Farm, Tredegar Park, Newport, Mon. [about
865]. T.Bates: Lavenders, Wild Eyes, Augustas, and Scotch blood. 8.Dia-
mond Marksman, Claras Lovats Heir. No.—– About Ioo.
Tremaine, William H., Sherborne, Northleach, R.S.O., Glou- ces-
tershire [1867]. T.Oxford, Princess, Pye, Ruth, Fairy Belle, Countess of
Clarence, Butterfly, Duchess of Sherborne, Aylesby M. 8.Royal Oak 22793,
General Clarence 2nd 28690, Third Duke of Waterloo 23807, Duke of Mon-
mouth 44698, Benbicula 45970, Wiltshire Star 63565, Royal Emperor Oxford
ith 79810, Chorister 76351, Sittyton Fancy 8ooi i, Notlaw Septimus 92707,
Fair Start Pioneer 95122. NO.12o.
Trotter, William R., North Acomb, Stocksfield-on-Tyne, Northum-
berland [about 1823]. T.Catos or Kates, Barmpton Roses, Farnley Milli-
cents. S.Abraham Parker 9856, Prince Partridge 16760, King of the Geor-
gians 31802, Rufus 67853, Snow Clad 71695, The Beau 73675, President
61482, Rufus 67853. No.About 6o.
Turner, Henry, Rainbow Hill, Worcester [1903]. T.Bates: Charmer,
Duchess, Welcome, Waterloo. S.Eagle Prince 85841, Lord Woodford 92361,
Noble Lord. No.4o.
Waind, John, Ankness, Kirby-Moorside, Yorkshire [1873]. T. Festiv-
ity, Gipsy Maid. S.General Fairfax 34003, Florentine 46365, Wild Duke of
Geneva 70th 60190, Tregunter Bates 53762, Lifeguard 68908, Sir George
77891, Yankee Type 90574, Shy Emperor 93419, Ankness Type 2nd 94014.
No.35 to 40.
Wakefield, John, Langley, Ascott-under-Wychwood, Oxford [1903].
T.Pyes, Magics, Bates, Barringtons and Waterloos. 8.Beau- fort Prince
87933, Village Jester 93745. NO.35.
Watt, James, Knowefield, Carlisle, Cumberland [i88o]. T. Bensons,
Butterflys, Duchesses, Gwynnes, Princesses, Wild Eyes, Alnwick blood.
S.New Years Gift, New Years Promise, Patterdale, Red Butter- fly, Merry
Dandy, Stoneytown Pride, Lord Cleveland 33rd. No.3o to 40.
Webb, Charles, Park Place, Tashinny, Longford, Ireland [1857]. T.Victorias.
S.Leviathan 20120, Felix 21735, Hogarth 38435, Knight of Halnaby 49837,
Wellington 52333. No.About io.
Webb, Mrs. M. M. & Sons, Melton Ross, Barnetby Junction, Lin-
coln [1907]. T.Duchess, Waterloo, Darlington Laurestina, Sera- phina, Wild
Eyes, Kirklevington, Frost. 8.Melton Oxford Duke 89291, Dromonby Hi-
awatha 94941. No.About 6o.
West, T. W., Mullyduff House, Newtownbutler, Fermanagh [189o .
T.Orphans, Marigolds, Luxurys. 8.General Gwynne, Levington Prince, St.
Patrick, Shiptons Favourite. No.2o.
Wheatley, Joshua Hirst, Berkswell Hall, Coventry [1889]. T.Blanches,
Fairys, Duchess of Barringtons, Sprightleys, Silverleafs. 8.Blenheim Duke
775
63703, Jasper 2nd 70670, Hazledown 76845, Silver Count 79964, Fairy Duke
71st 88546. No.2o.
Williams, George Crofts, Llanrumney Hall, Cardiff, Mon- mouth
[i88o]. T.Mostly Bates, Daisys. 8.Lord Rosedale 2nd 47949, Barrington
Knight 53984, Old Daisy Bull 69198, Laurestinas Fame 83863. No.5o to 6o.
Williams, Henry, Moor Park, Harrogate, Yorkshire [1883]. T.Booth,
Scotch, and Bates. 8.Prince of Halnaby 53464, Major 59419, Dukedom
88440, General Bruce 86049, Florentine Duke 68651, Sir Archibald Christon
75639, Orangeman 84263. No.About 70.
Williams, Joshua A., Moor Park, Harrogate, Yorks. [1904]. T.Augusta,
Laur tta, Miss Ramsden, Waterloo. 8.Dukedom 88440, Waterloo Champion
93827, Lord Augustus 95791. No.About 30.
Willis, J. Deane, Bapton Manor, Codford, Wilts. [1884]. T. Cruick-
shank: Secrets, Clippers, Victorias, Lavenders, Crocuses. 8. Bapton Viceroy
90770, Winning Hope 80283, Bapton Viscount 94146, Violets Fame 78078.
No.About 150.
Wilson, Dr. Robert M., Tarty, Ellon, Aberdeen [1903]. T. Goldies,
Missies, Roan Ladies, Princess Royals, Village Maids, Broad-. hooks. 8.Bal-
lechin Type, Gainford Vanguard, Broadhooks Beau. NO.40.
Wilson, John, Lower Pirriesmill, Huntly, Aberdeenshire [i888]. T.Lavender,
Secret, Crocus, Julia or Dairymaid, Eliza, Bridesmaid, Clara, Janet, Marigold,
Missie, Roan Lady. 6.Sovereign 61841, Prince of Fashion 64587, Prince
of Sanquhar 71251, Golden Star 76799, Sittyton Champion 82349, Golden
Hero. No.About ioo.
Wilson, Robert N., Broughadoey House, Moy, Tyrone [1899]. T.Lady
Rachels, Cambridge Roses, Perfumes, Flowers. 8.Woodland Prince 80295,
Circassian 8o o6, Prince Dolly 81904, Graceful Conqueror 86i ii, Prince
Charming 92880, Scottish Chief 90062, Auchnacree Kaiser 90725, Forest
Chief. No.28.
Winn, W. F., Bowerbank, Penrith, Westinorland [1901].
Winterstroke, Lord, Coombe Lodge, Blagdon, near Bristol, Somerset
[about 1885]. T.Gwynne, Blanche Rose, Prudish, Rose of France, Waterloo,
Daisy. 8.Royal Scotsman 82190, Riby Scottish Duke 96733. No.45.
Wodehouse, Charles E., Woolmers, Hertford [1842]. T.. Bates,
Knightley, Barrington, Countess, Fairy, Musical, Verona. 8. Royal Haver-
ing 2nd 35375, Earl of Fawsley i6th 5566o, Minstrel Boy 2nd 43663, Earl of
Southrop 96th 63960, Dictator 63870, Commander-in- Chief 76389, Chew-
ton Victor 5th 8o68 . No.6o.
Wolverton, Lord, Iwerne Minster, Blandford, Dorsetshire [1904]. T.Moss
Rose, Jewel, Cherry, Butterfly, Harmony, Charmer, Bates Blanche, Gwynne,
Duchess, Oxford, Barrington, Kirklevington, Scotch. 8.Iwerne Baron 95558,
Bapton Windfall 94147, Kelmscott Lad 88970, Golden Grove Highlander
91854, Iwerne Scotsman, Iwerne Clipper. No.ioo.
Wood, Rowland, Clapton, Thrapston, Northampton [1846]. T.Towneley
Vestris, Towneley Butterifys, May Flowers, Louisas. 8.Red Flag 89775, Re-
gent 73398, Romeo 89872, Volunteer 2nd 78092. No.ioo.
Wordsworth, R. G., Duffcarrig, Gorey, co. Wexford [1893]. T.Gwynnes,
Rowenas, Broadhooks, Rosebuds, Lady Dunmores. 8. Baron Rassendyll
72012, Dr. Rainy 80878, Graceful Tom 83631, Ideal Archer 88890, Bapton
Vulcan 85247, Drayton Rearguard 83324. No. 8o to 90.
Wrench, Right Hon. Frederick, Killacoona, Ballybrack, Dublin
[19o5]. T.Orphans, Waterloos, Heath Roses, Cambridge Roses, Secrets,
Pure Golds. 8.Scottish Favourite 84722, Good Gift 83623, Lavender Lad
83867. No.About 20.
Wright, Richard, Prumplestown House, Castledermot, Kildare, Ire-
land [i865]. T.Isabella Royal, Jenny Lind, Rose, Sheelagbs, Belles. 8Duke
of Florence 88o6, Highland Laird 64148, Mammoth 77185, Chief Favourite
83Io5. No.4o to 6o.
Wright, T. R. D., Hampsthwaite Hall, Ripley, Yorkshire [1903]. T.Moppy
Gem, Frost. 8.Mercury 86613, Cornubian Sparklet 91342. No.5o.
Wrightson, John, Charford Manor, 1)ownton, Wilts. [1897]. T.Sunshade,
Clipper, Maud, Fairy, Beauty. 8.Invaluable 65687, Carey Prince 85523,
Prince Edward 86914, Prince George 86917, Rustic Prince 96993. No.About
20.
Wythes, F. A. W., Ravensden House, near Bedford [about i86o].
T.Pythias, Roseleafs, Elegances, Bonny Waterloos, Duchess Sarahs. 8.Gen-
eral Knightley, Lord Somerset ith, Nestor 2nd, Gwynne de Gwynne, Duke
of Newcastle, Wild Duke of Geneva 202nd, Takeley Silver Cup. No.About
30.
Young, J. & G., Cadboll Fearn, Ross, Scotland [1903]. T. Bessy, Miss
Ramsden, Crocus, Broadhooks, Butterfly, Rosemary, Jenny Lind, Lustre.
8.Westward Ho, Diamond Clipper, Baron Butt. No.5o.
Appendix A
Some historic sales
It will be useful to give lists of purchasers and prices at twenty of the historic
sales of Shorthorns. These are arranged in a form convenient for reference.
They comprise particulars of noteworthy auctions extending from i8io to
1906. Only one sale of stock belonging to each breeder is included, and
those recorded are intended to be typical of the range of values for noted
herds prevailing at various periods in the history of the breed. There are, of
course, very many other sales of importance that might have been included
if space had permitted, but full details regarding them can be obtained by
reference to Thorntons Circular. As regards the more recent sales, notes for
identification of the animals have been shortened, catalogues of these being
more readily available than of the earlier auctions.
A.1 Ketton, 1810

Sale of Improved Shorthorned Cattle, belonging to CHARLES COLLING,
of Ketton, Durham, held on Thursday, October 11th, 1810. Mr. Kingston,
auctioneer.
Cows, Heifers, and Heifer Calves
Gs
Cherry s. Favourite, d. Old Cherry. J. D. Nesham, Haughton.le- 53
Spring
Kate s. Comet. J. Hunt, Morton, Durham 35
Peeress s. Favourite, d. Cherry. Major B. Rudd, Marton Lodge 170
Countess s. Cupid, d. Lady. Major B. Rudd 400
Selina s. Favourite, d. Countess. Sir H. C. Ibbetson, Bart., Denton- 200
Park
Johanna s. Favourite, d. Johanna. H. Witham, Cliff Hall 130
777
778 APPENDIX A. SOME HISTORIC SALES
Gs
Lady s. Grandson of Lord Bolingbroke, d. Old Phoenix.C.Wright, 206
Cleasby
Laura s. Favourite, d. Lady. Mr. Grant, Wyham, Lincs. 210
Cathalene s. Washington, out of a daughter of the darn of Phcenix.(3. 150
Parker, Sutton House, Malton
Lily s. Comet, d. Daisy. Major B. Rudd 410
Daisy s. a grandson of Favourite, d. Old Daisy. MajorR.Bower, 140
Welham, Malton
Cora s. Favourite, d. Countess. G. Johnston, Hackness, Scarborough 70
Beauty s. Marske, d. Miss Washington. C. Wright 120
Red Rose s. Comet, d. Eliza. W. C. Fenton, Lovison 45
Flora s. Comet. Earl of Lonsdale 70
Miss Peggy s. a son of Favourite. Oliver Gascoigne, Parlington 60
Magdalene s. Comet, d. a heifer by Washington. C. Champion, Blyth 170
Phoebe s. Comet, d. by Favourite. Sir H. C. Ihbetson, Bart. 105
Young Duchess s. Comet, d. by Favourite. T. Bates, Halton Castle 183
Young Laura s. Comet, d. Laura. Earl of Lonsdale 101
Young Countess s. Comet, d. Countess. Sir H. C. Ibbetson, Bart. 206
Lucy s. Comet, d. by Washington. C. Wright 132
Charlotte s. Comet, d. Cathalene. T. Sale, for R. Culling, Barmpton 136
Johanna s. Comet, d. Johanna. G. Johnston 35
Lucilla s. Comet, d. Laura. Mr. Grant 106
Calista s. Comet, d. Corn. Sir H. V. Tempest,Wynyard 50
White Rose s. Yarbro, d. Lily. H. Strickland,Boynton 75
Ruby s. Yarbro, d. Red Rose. Major R. Bower 50
Cowslip s. Comet. Earl of Lonsdale 25
Bulls and Bull-Calves
Gs
Comet s. Favourite, d. Phcenix. Wetherell, Trotter, Wright and 1000
Charge
Yarborough s. Cupid, d. a daughter of Favourite. Mr. Gregson, Low 55
Linn
Cupid s. a son of Favourite, d. Venus (not offered, being lame). -
Major s. Comet, d. Lady. Mr. Grant 200
May Duke s. Comet, d. Cherry. Mr. Smithson 145
Petrarch s. Comet, d. Venus. Major B. Rudd 365
Northumberland s. Comet, d. a daughter of Favourite. Mr. Buston, 80
Cotham Stob
Alfred s. Comet, d. Venus. T. Robinson, Acklam 110
Duke s. Comet, d. Duchess. A. Compton, Carhain Hall 15
Alexander s. Comet, d. Cora. W. C. Fenton 63
A.2. BARMPTON, 1818 779
Gs
Ossian s. Windsor, d. Magdalene. Earl of Lonsdale 76
Harold s. Windsor, d. Red Rose. Sir Lambton Loraine, Bart. 50
Ketton s. Comet, d. Cherry. Major R. Bower 50
Young Favourite s. Comet, d. Countess. P. Skipworth, Aylesby, 140
Lincs.
George s. Comet, d. Lady. Mr. Walker, Rotherham 130
Sir Dimple s. Comet, d. Daisy. T. Lax, Ravensworth 90
Narcissus s. Comet, d. Flora. C. Wright, Cleasby 15
Albion s. Comet, d. Beauty. T. Booth, Killerby 60
Cecil s. Comet, d. Peeress. H. Strickland 170
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
29 Cows and Heifers 140 4 7 4066 13 0
i8 Bulls and Bull-Calves 169 8 0 3049 4 0
47 head averaged 151 8 0 14 7115 17 0
A.2 Barmpton, 1818

Sale of improved Shorthorned Cattle, belonging to Mr. ROBERT COLLING,
of Barmpton, Durham, held on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 29th
and 30th, i8i8. Mr. Robinson, auctioneer.
Cows, Heifers, and Calves
Gs
Red Rose s. Favourite, d. by Ben (ailing, not offered).
Moss Rose s. Favourite, d. Red Rose (unlikely to breed, not offered).
Juno s. Favourite, d. Wildair. Hon. J. B. Simpson, Babworth 78
Diana s. Favourite, d. Wildair. Lord Althorp, Wiseton 73
Sally s. Favourite, d. by Favourite. N. Smith, Dishley 34
Charlotte s. Comet, d. Cathalene. F. Brown, Welbourn 50
Wildair s. George, d. Wildair by Favourite. C. Duncombe,Duncombe 176
Park, Vorks.
Lily s. North Star, /. by Favourite. P. Skipworth, Aylesby, Liucs
Golden Pippin s. North Star, d. by Favourite. XV. Cattle (re-sold
to J. Whitaker, Greenholme)
Blackwell s. Wellington, d. from stock of the late Mr. Hill. T. 31
Hopper, Sherburn
Tulip s. George, d. by Favourite. C. Tibbets, Barton Seagrave 70
Trinket s. Barmpton, d. by Favourite. XV. Smith 143
Gs
Mary Anne s. George, d. by Favourite. W. Smith 62
Louisa s. XVellington, d. by Favourite. XV. Smith 37
Empress s. Barmpton, d. Lady Grace. C. Champion, Blyth 210
Caroline s. Mina, d. Wildair by Favourite. H. Witham, Lartington 160
Clarissa s. Wellington, d. by Favourite. T. Robson (re-sold to 151
Rightlion. C. Arbuthnot)
Young Moss Rose s. Wellington, d. Moss Rose. C. Duncombe 190
Venus s. Wellington, d. by George. Hon. J. B. Simpson 95
Rosette s. Wellington, d. Red Rose. Lord Althorp 300
Young Charlotte s. Wellington, d. Charlotte. R. Thomas, Eryholme 72
Vesper s. Wellington, d. by Favourite. J. White, Coates 111
Nonpareil s. Wellington, d. Juno. Lord Althorp 370
Daisy s. Wellington, d. by Favourite. Hon. J. B. Simpson 32
Kate s. Wellington, d. by Phenomenon. H. Witham, Cliff Hall 59
Amelia s. Lancaster, d. by North Star. J. C. Maynard, Harsley Hall 76
Aurora (twin sister to Amelia). XV. Smith 78
Princess s. Lancaster, d. Golden Pippin. P. Skipworth 156
Clara s. Lancaster, d. Venus. R. Thomas 190
Fanny s. Wellington, d. Sally. C. Tibbets 160
White Rose s. Wellington, d. by Wellington. W. Smith 5
Ruby s. Wellington, d. Red Rose. T. Robson 331
Lavinia s. Lancaster, d. Young Moss Rose. T. Robson 105
Hebe s. Jupiter, d. Lily. J. Thomson, Scremerston, Berwick 90
Jessy s. XVellington, d. from stock of late Mr. Hill. J.Hutchinson, 43
Stockton-on-Tees
Jewel twin-sister to Jessy. F. Brown 50
Violet s. North Star, d. by Midas. P. Skipworth 48
Sweetbrier s. North Star, d. Nonpareil. J. C. Maynard 145
Snowdrop s. Wellington, d. Tulip. Mr. Thompson, Stockton 71
Cowslip s. Wellington, d. by Favourite. Mr. Leighton, NorthWilling- 54
ham
Lady Ann s. XVellington, d. by George. W. Wetherell, HolmeHouse 105
Flora s. Lancaster, d. Sally. J. Thomson 47
Cleopatra s. Lancaster, d. by George. W. Wetherell 33
Restless s. Lancaster, d. Clarissa. T. Robson 52
Heifer s. Lancaster, d. Trinket. S. Wiley, Brandsby 56
Miss Colling s. Wellington, d. by Wellington. W. Smith 28
Roan Heifer by Lancaster, d. Mary Anne. W. Cattle (G.Alderson, 42
Ferrybridge)
Louisa s. Lancaster, d. Louisa. lion. J. B. Simpson 38
Red-and-White Heifer s. Barmpton, d. Empress. C. Champion 100
Rosina s. Barmpton, d. Rosette. T. Robson, for C. Arbuthnot 123
Laura s. Barmpton, d. Charlotte. Major B. Rudd 55
A.3. CHILTON, 1829 781
Gs
Barmpton Trinket s. Barmpton, d. Trinket. Hon. J. B. Simpson 110
Amelia s. Barmpton, d. by Cleveland. J. White 80
Gs
Marske s. Favourite, d. by Favourite. J. C. Maynard 50
North Star s. Favourite, d. Yellow Cow by Punch. T. Lax, 72
Ravensworth
Midas s. Phenomenon, d. Red Rose. S. Wiley 270
Barmpton (lame, not sold)
Major s. Wellington, d. by Phenomenon. W. Brooks, Laceby, Lincs. 185
Lancaster s. Wellington, d. Moss Rose. Hon. J. B. Simpson and W. 621
Smith
Baronet s. Wellington, d. Red Rose (was not offered)
Regent s. Wellington, d. Rosebud. Lord Althorp 45
Diamond s. Lancaster, d. Venus. Mr. Donaldson, Harburn House 102
Albion s. Lancaster, d. by Wellington. Mr. Russell, Brancepeth 140
Castle, Durham
Harold s. Wellington, d. Wildair. J. Whitaker, Greenholme 201
Pilot s. Major or Wellington, d. Red Rose. J. Booth, Killerby 270
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
51 Cows and Heifers 111 13 0 5694 3 0
10 Bulls and Calves 215 17 7 2158 16 0
61 head averaged 128 14 9 7851 19 0
A.3 Chilton, 1829

Sale of Shorthorn Cattle, the property of the late Mr. CHRISTOPHER
MASON, held at Chilton, Durham, on Monday and Tuesday, August 31st
and September 1st, 1829. Mr. Fell, auctioneer.
Cows, Heifers, etc.
Gs
No. 1 s. Cato, d. by Pope. Messrs. Adamson and Holmes, Ireland 130
No. 2 s. Cato, d. by Jupiter. Mr. Maynard 70
No. 3 s. Cato, d. by Sir Oliver. Mr. Crawley 44
No. 4 s. Jupiter, d. by Sir Oliver. Mr. Wiley 25
Gs
No. 5 s. Farmer, d. by George. Mr. Crawley 24
No. 6 s. Syntax, d. by Charles. Lord Althorp 31
No. 7 s. Syntax, d. Newby. Mr. Arrowsmith 31
No. 8 s. Syntax, d. by Charles. Mr. Adamson 52
No. 9 s. Achmet, d. by Jupiter. Mr. Cattle 21
No. 10 s. Boniface, d. by Farmer. Sir T. Sykes, Bart. 33
No. 11 s. Syntax, d. No. 5. Lord Huntingfield
No. 12 s. St. Albans, d. No. 2. Mr. Whitaker 140
No. 13 s. St. Albans, d. No. 4. Lord Althorp 145
No. 14 s. St. Albans, d. by Charles. Mr. Smith 25
No. 15 s. St. Albans, d. No. I. Mr. Reed 36
No. 16 s. St. Albans, d. by Cato. Mr. Latouche,Dublin 73
No. 17 s. St. Albans, d. No. 5. Mr. Archbold, Dublin 54
No. 18 s. St. Albans, d. by Farmer. Mr. Dinning 47
No. 19 s. St. Albans, d. by Cato. Lord Althorp 30
No. 20 s. Satellite, d. No. 2. Captain Barclay 150
No. 21 s. Satellite, d. by Cato. Lord Althorp 72
No. 22 s. Satellite, d. by Farmer. Mr. Adamson 35
No. 23 s. Satellite, d. by Houghton. Mr. Beasley 30
No. 24 s. Satellite, d. by Farmer. Mr. Cussacke, Ireland 21
No. 25 s. Richard, d. by Jupiter. Lord Althorp 36
No. 26 s. Richard, d. by Cato. Mr. Arcbbold 37
No. 27 s. Satellite, d. No. i. Captain Barclay 73
No. 28 s. Satellite, d. No. . Mr. Latouche 60
No. 29 s. Satellite, d. Newby the Younger. LordAlthorp 38
No. 30 s. Satellite, d. by Houghton. Mr. Dawson 31
No. 31 s. Satellite, d. by Syntax. Mr. Latouche 69
No. 32 s. Satellite, d. by Syntax. Mr. Peters, Cornwall 66
No. 33 s. Satellite, d. No. 8. Lord Huntingfield 40
No. 34 s. Satellite, d. by Syntax. Mr. Duncombe 94
No. 35 s. Satellite, d. No. 6. Mr. Duncombe 69
No. 36 s. Satellite, d. by Whitworth (not sold)
No. 37 s. Satellite, d. No. i. Mr. Holmes, Ireland 125
No. 38 s. Satellite, d. No. 2. Mr. Latouche
No. 39 s. Satellite, d. No. 3. Mr. Peters
No. 40 s. Satellite, d. No. 4. Mr. Dawson
No. 41 s. Satellite, d. No. 5. Lord Althorp
No. 42 s. Satellite, d. by St. Albans. Mr. Adamson
No. 43 s. Monarch, d. No. i . Sir T. Sykes
No. 44 s. Monarch, d. by Cato. Mr. Latouche
No. 45 s. Monarch, d. by Houghton. Lord Althorp
No. 46 s. Monarch, d. by Farmer. Right Hon. C. Arbuthnot
No. 47 s. Monarch, d. No. i I. Lord Althorp
A.3. CHILTON, 1829 783
Gs
No. 48 s. Monarch, d. No. 10 (not sold)
No. 49 s. Monarch, d. by Cato. Lord Huntingfield
No. 50 s. Falstaff, d. No. 9. Mr. Dawson
No. 51 s. Falstaff, d. No. 6. Mr. Wiley
No. 52 s. Falstaff, d. by Syntax. Lord Althorp
No. 53 s. Falstaff, d. by Farmer (not sold)
No. 54 s. Monarch, d. No. 20. Lord Ahhorp
No. 55 s. Monarch, d. No. 4. Lord Althorp
No. 57 s. Monarch, d. No. i . Lord Althorp
No. 58 s. Monarch, d. No. 14. Lord Altborp
No. 59 s. Monarch, d. Newby the Younger. Mr. Millward
No. 61 s. Monarch, d. No. i6. Mr. Holmes
No. 62 s. Monarch, d. by Satellite. Mr. Holmes
No. 63 s. Monarch, d. by Satellite. Mr. Greenwell
No. 64 s. Falstaff, d. No. 21. Lord Huntingfield
Bulls
Gs
No. 1, Monarch s. Satellite, d. No. i. Mr. Latouche 270
No. 2, Childers s. Satellite, d. No. 2. Mr. Dudding 225
No. 3, Magog s. Matchem, d. by Farmer. Mr. Metcalfe 66
No. 4, Falstaff s. Satellite, d. No. 3. Mr. Spoors 36
No. 5, Matchem s. Boniface, d. by Farmer. Mr. Maynard 110
No. 6, Driver s. Satellite, d. by Cato. Mr. Archbold 33
No. 7, Volunteer s. Satellite, d. by Farmer. Mr. Wilkinson 125
No. 8, Richard s. Syntax, d. by Cato. Mr. Greenwell 28
No. 9, Waverley . Satellite, d. No. 19. Sir C. Knighticy, Bart. 60
No. 10, Herdsman s. Satellite, d. Cato. Mr. O’Ferrall, Ireland 28
No. 11, Worthy s. Satellite, d. by St. Albans. Mr. James 95
No. 12, Whisker s. Monarch, d. No. 19. Mr. Kennedy 46
No. 13, Ploughboy s. Monarch, d. No. S. Mr. Davison 40
No. 14, Mercury s. Monarch, out of Matchems dam. Lord Althorp 120
No. 15, Gamut s. Monarch, d. by Wbitwortb. Mr. Bowman 52
No. 16, Punch s. Falstaff, d. by Cato. Mr. Cassidy, Ireland 32
No. 17, Merrington s. Falstaff, d. by Cato. Mr. Kennedy 40
No. 18, Frederick s. Satellite, d. Newby the Younger. Mr. J. Bates 44
No. 19, Highflyer s. Monarch, d. No. 12. Captain Davis 210
No. 20, Snap s. Monarch, d. No. 2. Mr. Millward 70
No. 21, Windfall s. Monarch, d. No. 22. Mr. Baker, Elemore 54
No. 22, Goldfinder s. Falstaff, d. No. 9. Mr. Vansittart 44
Gs
No. 23, Trimmer s. Monarch, d. No. 24. Mr. Walmsley 32
No.24, Miracle s. Monarch, out of Matchems dam. Messrs. Reed 120
and Crofton
No. 25, Windsor s. Monarch. d. No. i9. Lord Althorp 42
No. 26, Paymaster s. Falstaff, d. No. 6. Mr. Bailey 22
No. 27, Satellite s. Sirius, d. Rose by Wellington. Mr. Crawley 75
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
61 Cows and Heifers 55 19 6 3414 12 0
27 Bulls and Bull-Calves 82 3 6 2218 13 0
88 head averaged 64 0 3 5633 5 0
A.4 Kirklevington, 1850

Sale of the herd of Shorthorns, the property of the late Mr. THOMAS
BATES, held at Kirklevington Farm, on May 9th, 1850. Mr. Henry Straf-
ford, auctioneer.
Gs
Oxford 2nd s. Short Tail 2621, d. Matchem Cow. Marquis of Exeter 52
Wild Eyes 5th s. Short Tail 2621, d. Wild Eyes. A. Stevens, New 20
York
Waterloo 4th s. Cleveland Lad 3407, d. Waterloo 3rd. Mr. Singleton, 21
Givendale
Foggathorpe 2nd s. Duke of Northumberland 1940, d. Foggathorpe. 21
Mr. Parker, Yanwath Hall
Wild Eyes 7th s. Duke of Northumberland, d. Wild Eyes 3rd. Mr. 23
Jefferson, Preston Hows
Wild Eyes 8th s. Duke of Northumberland, d. Wild Eyes 2nd. Mar- 40
quis of Exeter
Duchess 51st s. Cleveland Lad 3407, d. Duchess 41st. 5. E. Bolden, 60
Red Bank, Lancaster
Foggathorpe 4th s. Duke of Northumberland, d. Foggathorpe. W. 50
Sanday, Holme Pierrepont
Oxford 4th s. Duke of Northumberland, d. Oxford Premium Cow. E. 27
James, Wylain Hall
Duchess 54th s. Second Cleveland Lad 3408, d. Duchess 49th. Mr. 90
Eastwood, Burnley
A.4. KIRKLEVINGTON, 1850 785
Gs
Duchess 55th s. Fourth Duke of Northumberland 3649, d. Duchess 105
38th. Earl Ducie, Tortworth Court
Duchess 56th s. Second Duke of Northumberland 3646, d. Duchess 5 52
1st. H. Ambler, Watkinson Hall
Oxford 5th s. Duke of Northumberland, d. Oxford 2nd. L. G. Morris, 71
Fordham, New York, U.S.A.
Wild Eyes 14th s. Duke of Northumberland, d. Wild Eyes 3rd. Jonas 29
Webb, Babraham
Wild Eyes 15th s. Fourth Duke of Northumberland, d. Wild Eyes 3
8th. T. Featherstonhaugh, Kirkoswald, Penrith
Wild Eyes i6th s. Second Duke of Northumberland, d. Wild Eyes. 22
Mr. Higgs, Stamford
Wild Eyes 17th s. Second Duke of Northumberland, d. Wild Eyes 41
5th. Mr. Faviell, Snydale Hall, Yorks.
Wild Eyes 19th s. Second Duke of Oxford 9046, d. Wild Eyes ioth. 60
N. Cartwright, Haugham, Louth
Cambridge Rose 5th s. Second Cleveland Lad 3408, d. Cambridge 45
Rose 2nd. 5. E. Bolden
Oxford 6th s. Second Duke of Northumberland, d. Oxford 2nd. Earl
Wild Eyes 21st s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyes ioth. A. 47
Morison, Mountblany House, Turriff, N.B.
Waterloo 9th s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Waterloo 6th. R. Ashton, 76
Bury, Lancs.
Wild Eyes 22nd s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyes 8th. H. 100
Champion, Ranby House
Wild Eyes 23rd s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyes 9th. A. L. 100
Maynard, Marton-le-Moor
Wild Eyes 24th s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyes 5th. Mr. 40
Drummond
Waterloo xoth s. Fourth Duke of Northumberland, d. Waterloo 8th. 60
A. L. Maynard
Duchess 59th s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Duchess 56th. Earl Ducie 200
Wild Eyes 25th s. Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyes 12th. B. Baxter, 71
Marsden hall
Waterloo 11th s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Waterloo 4th. Mr. 70
Eastwood
Wild Eyes 26th s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyes 5th. Mr. 30
Haigh, Cameron Bridge, Fife
Duchess 6ist s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Duchess 5 1st. Earl of 100
Feversham, Duncombe Park
Duchess 62nd s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Duchess 56th. H. Cham- 120
pion, Ranby
Oxford 9th s. Third Duke of York 10,1 i6, d. Oxford 2nd. A. L. 40
Maynard
Gs
Wild Eyes 27th s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyes 17th. N. 43
Cartwright
Cambridge Rose 6th s. Third Duke of York, d. Cambridge Rose 5th. 70
Harvey Combe, Cobham Park, Surrey
Oxford ioth s. Third Duke of York, d. Oxford 5th. L. G. Morris, 51
Fordham, New York
Wild Eyes 28th s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyes i6th. E. 26
Bates, Cloeden, Prussia
Waterloo 12th s. Third Duke of York, d. Waterloo 4th. A. Cruick-
shank, Sittyton, Aberdeen
Wild Eyes 29th s. Third Duke of York, d. XVild Eyes i9th. Earl of 38
42 Feversham
Waterloo 13th s. Third Duke of Oxford, d. Waterloo 9th. W. Hay, 71
Shethin, Tarves, N.B.
Duchess 64th s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Duchess 55th. Earl Ducie 55
Oxford ith s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Oxford 6th. Earl Ducie 125
Oxford 12th s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Oxford 4th. Earl of Fever- 81
sham
Wild Eyes 30th s. Third Duke of Oxford, d. Wild Eyes 7th. 5. 23
Townshend, Sapcote Fields, Hiackley
Cambridge Rose 7th s. Third Duke of York, d. Cambridge Rose 5th. 25
J. H.Downs, Grays, Essex
Oxford 13th s. Third Duke of York, d. Oxford 6th. J. Becar, Smith- 63
town, New York, U.S.A.
Foggathorpe 6th s. Third Duke of Oxford, d. Foggathorpe 4th. Mr. 30
Qardiner
Oxford 14th s. Third Duke of York, d. Oxford 2nd. J. H. Downs 20
Gs
Second Duke of Oxford 9046 s. Duke of Northumberland, d. Oxford
2nd. Earl Howe, Gopsal, Atherstone
Duke of Richmond 7296 s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Duchess50th. 120
A. L. Maynard
Lord George Bentinck 9317 s. Second Duke of Northumberland, d. 28
Wild Eyes 2nd. Mr. Annett, Widdrington
Third Duke of Oxford 9047 s. Second Duke of Northumberland,d. 61
Oxford 2nd. J. Robinson, Clifton, Olney
Third Duke of York 10,166 s. Fourth Duke of Northumberland, 71
d.Duchess 51st. G. D. Trotter, Bishop Middleham
Euclid 9097 s. Second Cleveland Lad. d. Foggathorpe 4th.Duke of 40
Sutherland, Trentham
Refiner 10,695 (Wild Eyes) (not returned from hire).
A.4. KIRKLEVINGTON, 1850 787
Gs
Fourth Duke of York 10,167 s. Second Duke of Oxford, d.Duchess 200
51st. Earl Ducie
Chevalier 10,050 s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Foggathorpe2nd. Mr. 41
Pullen, Boroughbridge
Parrington 10,590 s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wild Eyesi5th. Mr. 24
Fisher
Grand Duke 10,284 s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Duchess55th. W. 205
Hay, Shethin
Chieftain 10,048 s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Foggathorpe 2nd.Rev. 41
W. F. Wharton, Barniagham
Red Rover 10,692 s. Second Cleveland Lad, d. Wiid Eyes 8th.E. 35
Bates
Beverley 9964 s. Second Earl of Beverley 5963, d. Oxford4th. 5. 31
Townshend, Sapcote, Leeds
Ebor 10,184 s. Third Duke of York, d. Foggathorpe 4th. Earl of- 90
Feversham
Baleo 9918 s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Wild Eyes 15th.Earl of 155
Burlington, Holker Hall
Retriever 10,707 s. Third Duke of Oxford, d. Wild Eyes 8th. Earl 50
of Carlisle, Castle Howard
Duke of Athol 10,150 s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Duchess54th. 40
Mr. Parker
Fifth Duke of York 10,168 s. Secoad Duke of Oxford, d. Duchess5 32
1st. R. Bell, Kirklevington
Sixth Duke of York 10,169 (dead)
Crusader 12,666 s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Wild Eyes. 40
J.Blackstock, Hayton Castle, Maryport
Wonderful s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Wild Eye 15th. H.Smith, 30
The Grove, Notts.
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
14 Dunchess family 116 5 0 1627 10 0
13 Oxfords 68 16 4 894 12 0
6 Waterloos 59 10 0 357 0 0
3 Cambridge Roses 49 0 0 147 3 0
25 Wild Eyes 48 2 7 12 1203 6 0
7 Foggathorpes 48 19 0 328 13 0
68 head averaged 60 0 7 4558 1 0
A.5 Tortworth Court, 1853

Sale of the herd of Shorthorns belonging to the late EARL DudE, at Tort vorth
Court, Gloucestershire, on August 24th, 1853. Mr. Henry Strafford, auc-
tioneer.
Gs
Bessy s. Helicon 2107, d. Beeswing. Colonel Cator, Bromley, Kent 41
Stella s. Rockingham 2550, d. Starville. Mr. Niblett, Fenton, Bristol 35
Challenge s. Morpeth 7254, d. Cleopatra. Mr. Nihlett
Duchess 55th s. Fourth Duke of Northumberland 3649, d. Duchess 50
38th. J.S. Tanqueray, Hendon
Victoria s. Second Duke of York 595 , d. Rachael. R. H. Allen, 44
Longcrofts, Staffs.
Princess Fairfax s. Lord Adolphus Fairfax 4249, d. Princess Royal. 77
C. P. Grenfell, Taplow Court, Maidenhead
Nonsuch s. Duke of Cornwall 5947, d. Mina. Earl of Burlington, 50
Holker Hall, Lancs.
Chaff s. Duke of Cornwall, d. Challenge. Colonel 42
Kingscote,Kingscote Park, Gloucestershire
Minstrel s. Count Conrad 3510, d. Magic. J. S. Tanqueray 100
Oxford 6th s. Second Duke of Northumberland 3646, d. Oxford2nd. 205
J. S. Tanqueray
Duchess 59th s. Second Duke of Oxford 9046, d. Duchess 350
56th.Jonathan Thorne, New York, U.S.A.
Mantilla s. Cramer 6907, d. Minerva. G. S. Foljambe, Osberton Hall
Virginia s. Petrarch 7329, d. Victoria. H. Hall, Barton, Woodstock 75
Pomp s. Duke of Cornwall, d. Princess Royal. C. P. Grenfell 65
Louisa s. Cramer, d. Lady Bird. J. H. Langston, M.P., Sarsden House
Beatrice s. Cramer, d. Bessy. C. P. Grenfell 87
Chaplet s. Usurer 9763, d. Chaff. J. H. Langston 54
Victorine s. Usurer d. Victoria. C. P. Grenfell 46
Horatia s. Usurer, d. Fair Helen. J. H. Langston 30
Duchess 64th s. Second Duke of Oxford, d. Duchess 55th. J. Thorne 600
Oxford i ith s. Fourth Duke of Vork 10,167, d. Oxford 6th. J. S. 250
Tanqueray
Florence s. Usurer, d. Florentia. Mr. Robinson, Burton-on-Trent 62
Fatima s. Victor 8739, d. Fenella. W. Carr, Stackhouse, York 70
Mystery s. Usurer, d. Minstrel. J. S. Tanqueray 200
Boddice s. Usurer, d. Bessy. Jonas Webb, Babraham, Cambs. 115
Flourish s. Usurer, d. Florentia. Messrs. Rich, Didmarton, Glos. 71
Duchess 66th s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Duchess 55th. Messrs. 700
Becar and Morris, New York, U.S.A.
A.5. TORTWORTH COURT, 1853 789
Gs
Victory s. Usurer, d. Victoria. Major Blaithwaite, Dyrham Park, 80
Glos.
Chintz s. Usurer, d. Chaff. C. P. Grenfell 70
Finance s. Usurer, d. Fudge. J. S. Crawley, Stockwood Park, Beds. 90
China s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Chaff. Earl of Feversham, Dun- 90
combe Park, Helmsley
Bodkin s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Beatrice. Mr. Robinson 56
Lucy s. Usurer, d. Louisa. H. Hall 40
Hornet s. Contract 10,971, d. Horatia. Earl Howe, Gopsall Park,
Ather-
Duchess 67th s. Usurer, d. Duchess 50th. Mr. Gunter, Earls Court, 350
Brompton
Parliament s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Pomp. C. P. Grenfell 56
Oxford 15th s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Oxford 6th. Earl ofBurlington 200
Bibby s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Bessy. C. P. Grenfell 51
Pride s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Princess Fairfax. C. P. Grenfell 165
Duchess 68th s. Duke cf Gloucester i 1,382, d. Duchess 64th.Jonathan 300
Thorne
Chance s. Duke of Gloucester, d. Chaplet. Mr. Robinson 56
Violet s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Victoria. Mr. 48
Barthropp,Cretingham Rookery, Suffolk
Snowdrop s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Science. Earl Spencer 120
Duchess 69th s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Duchess 59th. J. 400
S.Tanqueray
Lizzy s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Lousia. C. P. Grenfell 81
Oxford i6th s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Oxford 6th. J. S. Tanqueray 180
Duchess 70th s. Fourth Duke of Gloucester 11,382, d. Duchess 310
66th.Mr. Gunter
Parade s. Duke of Gloucester, d. Pomp. C. P. Grenfell 73
Vanquish s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Victorine. Mr. Phillips,Broom- 30
borough, Totnes
Gs
Duke of Gloucester 11,382 s. Grand Duke, d. Duchess, 59th. 650
Messrs. Becar, Morris, and J. S. Tanqueray
Fourth Duke of York 10,167 s. Second Duke of Oxford 9046, d. 500
Duchess 51st. General Cadwallader, Philadelphia, and Mr. Vail, Troy,
New York
Cornwall s. Contract a. Nonsuch. Mr. T. Mace, Sherborne, North-
leach
Uncle Tom s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Ursula. Mr. Saunders, Market
Lavington, Wilts.
Gs
Vampire s. Fourth Duke of York, a. Victorine. Mr. Booth, Reading
Franklin s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Fatima. Mr. XV. Miles, M.P.,
Lee Court, Bristol
Cheltenham s. Duke of Gloucester, a. Chaff. Jonas Webb
Florian s. Fourth Duke of York, d. Florentia. Mr. Dickinson, Ulver-
ston, Lancashire
Fifth Duke of Oxford s. Duke of Gloucester, d. Oxford ith. Earl of
Feversham
Gloucester s. Duke of Gloucester, a. Beatrice. Earl of Feversham
Francisco s. Fourth Duke of York, a. Florence. Marquis of Exeter,
Burghley Park, Stamford
Norman s. Fourth Duke of York, a. Nonsuch. J. Robinson, Clifton,
Olney, Bucks
Marquis s. Duke of Gloucester, d. Mantilla. Earl Fitzwilliam, Went.
worth House, Yorkshire
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
62 head averaged 150 19 7 360 16 0
A.6 Towneley Park, 1864

Sale of COLONEL TOWNELEYS herd at Towneley Park, Burnley, Lancs.,
held on Thursday, March 17th, 1864. Mr. H. Strafford, auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Roan Duchess 2nd Mr, Reeve, Brentwood 55
Vestris 3rd Rev. W. H. Beever, S. Wales 40
Pride T. E. Pawlett, Beeston 135
Frederick’s Bracelet T. Statter, Bury 50
Young Barmpton Rose C. Naylor, Preston 71
Alice Butterfly J. How, Broughton 100
Pearl T. E. Pawlett 110
Violante Viscount Strathallen, Perth 85
Pageant E. L. Betts, Preston Hall, Kent 50
Fredericks Ringdove T. Greetham, Stainfield Hall 43
Butterflys Hope T. H. Parker, Warwick Hall 45
Rose of Lancashire T. Crisp, Butley Abbey 13
Precious Stone R. Burton, Whitehaven 43
A.6. TOWNELEY PARK, 1864 791
Gs
Fredericks Pride Duke of Devonshire 80
White Butterfly C. W. Packe, M.P., Prestwold 70
Young Butterfly T. Crisp, Butley Abbey 125
La Fille de Frederick J. Platt, Bangor 61
Roan Knights Butterfly Duke of Sutherland 175
Butterflys Ringlet (ill, not offered). -
Pearled A. and A. Mitchell, Alloa 61
Royal Butterflys Duchess E. L. Betts, Kent 500
Roan Knights Pride J. Platt 71
Buttercup Again B. B. Colvin, Pishiobury Park 57
Fredericks Farewell Mr. Reeve 150
Pretty Butterfly C. W. Brierley, Rochdale 77
Barmpton Butterfly R. Eastwood, Whitewell 350
Another Roan Duchess W. Stirling, M.P., Keir 225
Butterflys Pride A. Cruickshank, Sittyton 62
Burnley Butterfly A. Dugdale, Burnley 52
Double Butterfly R. Eastwood 300
Perfume H. C. Pole-Gell, Barton Fields 190
Red Duchess Lord Sudeley, Toddington 170
Royal Butterflys Pageant R. Eastwood 590
Violantes Butterfly Hon. Col. Pennant, M.P. 205
Venuss Butterfly J. Platt, Bangor 75
Beautiful Butterfly E. L. Betts, Kent 150
Wharfdales Ringlet G. Roper, Lathom House 43
Wharfdales Butterfly C. W. Packe, M.P. 86
Butterflys White Duchess E. L. Betts 170
Barons Butterfly Mr. Callen, Ireland 46
Alice Wharfdale Lady Pigot, Branches Park 50
Proud Duchess G. E. Frere, Roydon Hall 35
Duchess Butterfly G. Roper 36
Wharfdale Buttercup G. Roper 36
Duchess of Towneley G. Roper 100
Duchess of Lancaster Captain Tennant, Scracroft Lodge 29
Phoebus Butterfly G. Roper 50
Bulls
Gs
Baron Hopewell 14,134 E. W. Meade, Waldo, Stonewall Park 100
Royal Butterfly 16,862 (reserved at 1200 gs.). -
Royal Butterfly 10th, 18,751 Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart., Stancliffe 115
Hall
Royal Butterfly 11th, 29,719 W. Stirling, M.P., Keir 400
Gs
Royal Butterfly 15th, 20,723 Duke of Sutherland 160
Proud Baron Duke of Newcastle 145
Royal Butterfly 17th Rev. W. H. Beever 200
Duke of Towneley C. Patrick, Rossenclale 55
Valiant Duke T. H. Parker 70
Duke of the Butterflies R. Eastwood 100
Prince of Towneley W. Fox, St. Bees Abbey 71
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
46 cows and heifers 123 19 4 5702 11 0
10 bulls 148 13 7 1486 16 0
56 head averaged 128 7 7 7189 7 0
28 Butterflies 121 15 3
9 Roan Duchesses 179 15 8
A.7 Beeston, 1872

Sale of Mr. T. E. PAWLETYS herd of Shorthorns at Beeston, Sandy, Beds.,
held on April 4th, 1872. Mr. John Thornton, auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Rose of Promise s. Heir at Law 13,005, d. Rose of Autumn. A. 63
Metcalfe, Ravenstonedale
Faithful s. Sir James 16,980, d. Faith. H. J. Gibbon 5o
Rose of Hope s. Prince Alfred 13,494, a. Rose of Promise. R. Marsh 350
Flora s. Booth Royal 15,673, d. Faithful. R. Marsh 280
Her cow-calf by Majestic 27,255. J. Bowman 51
Rose of Warlaby s. British Flag 19,35 i, d. Rose of!Hope. Rev. T. 550
Stani- forth
Rose of Summer s. Prince Hopewell 22,592, d. Rose of Promise. 360
Rev. T.Staniforth
Fame s. Baron Killerby 23,364, a. Flora. W. Talbot-Crosbie 100
Rose of Killerby s. Baron Killerby, a. Rose of Warlaby. H. Aylmer 325
Faith s. Baron Killerby, d. Flora. Rev. J. Micklethwaite 155
Rose of Beauty s. Baron Killerby, d. Rose of Hope. D. McIntosh 185
Lady Faithful s. Baron Killerby, d. Faithful. J. Bowman 165
Ringlet s. Fitz.Killerby 26, i66, d. Fame. B. St. John Ackers 205
Her roan bull-calf by Prince Regent 29,677. Major A. Cochrane 31
A.7. BEESTON, 1872 793
Gs
Rose of Eden s. Baron Warlaby 23,381, d. Rose of Warlaby, E. 300
W.Meade Waldo
Her roan cow-calf by Mantalini Prince 29,273. R. Marsh 125
Lady Jane s. Baron Killerby, d. Miracle. B. St. John Ackers 105
Roseberry s. Baron Killerby, d. Rose of Promise. Rev. T. Staniforth 330
Her cow-calf by Mantalini Prince. R. Marsh 125
British Queen s. Prince Alfred 27,107, d. Fairy Queen. J. P. Haslam 85
Rose Blossom s. Baron Killerby, d. Rose of Summer. S. Jefferson 180
Blush s. Baron Killerby, d. Ilebe. B. St. John Ackers 145
Rose of the Valley s. Royal Booth 27,350, d. Rose of Beauty.H. 290
Pickersgill
Rose of Autumn s. Prince Alfred 27,107, d. Rose of Sum- 305
mer.T.Easton, for J. and R. Hunter, Canada
Innocence s. Prince Alfred, d. Hebe. J. P. Haslam 110
Laura s. Royal Booth, d. Lady Jane. G. E. Hawkins 40
Diadem s. Royal Booth, d. Ringlet. B. St. John Ackers 165
Lady Flora s. Baron Killerby, d. Flora. J. and J. Gaitskell 150
Rose of Beeston s. Royal Booth, d. Rose of Killerby. B. St. John 215
Ackers
Fidelity s. Majestic 29,255, d. Faithful. J. C. Toppin 85
Farewell s. Mantalini Prince, d. Faith. D. Pugh 130
Rose of Winter s. Prince Regent 29,677, d. Rose of Summer. J. P. 120
Haslam
Bulls
Gs
Prince Pearl 29,674 s. Baron Warlaby, d. Pearl. R. C. Ridge, 75
Australia
Prince Royal 29,680 s. Baron Killerby, d. Rose:of Hope. Messrs. 100
Dudding
Prince Regent 29,677 s. King Charles 24,240, d. Flora. F. Fowler 210
Lord Blithesome 29,067 s. Lord Blithe 22,126, d. Rose of Killerby. 330
T. Rose
Sultan 30,083 s. Prince Alfred, d. Rose of Promise. H. Caddy 120
Hamlet s. Royal Booth, d. Rose of Eden. J. Martin 63
Royal Hope s. Royal Booth, d. Rose of Hope. Duke ofRichmond 280
Ranger s. Royal Booth, d. Daphne. T. Game and Son 110
Bridegroom s. Baron Killerby, d. Florence. G. J. Yarburgh 70
Monarch s. Majestic, d. Rose of Warlaby. J. C. Bowsted 66
Royal Heir s. Manfred 26,801, d, Rose of Promise. W. Fox andR. 105
Jefferson
Royalty s. Prince Regent, d. Rose of Beauty. W. Faulkner 60
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
28 cows and heifers 220 6 3 6168 15 0
12 bulls and calves 139 0 9 1668 9 0
40 head averaged 195 18 7 7837 4 0
21 Mantalinis 247 7 0
18 Fames 142 9 0
A.8 New York Mills, 1873

Sales of Mr. SAMUEL CAMPBELLS herd of Shorthorns at New York Mills,
Oneida, Co. New York State, U.S.A., held on September ioth, 1873. Mr. J.
R. Page, auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Lovan 17th H. Lux 21
Mazurka 9th Col. King, Minnesota 100
Lady Newham 2nd J. Mix, Illinois 41
Wild Flower B. B. Groom, Kentucky 80
Eighth Duchess of Thorndale C. F. Wadsworth, New York 90
Second Maid of Oxford A. W. Griswold, Vermont 1200
Lady Bates G. F. Wadsworth, New York 61
Alpha L. F. Allen, New York 60
Third Maid of Oxford Warnock and Megibben, Kentucky 200
Seventh Lady of Oxford A. B. Cornell, New York 80
Berlina C. Haley, New York 65
Rosamond 4th J. Mix, Illinois 10
Moselle A. W. Griswold, Vermont 285
Butterfly Belle A. W. Griswold 175
Fair Maid of Hope H. Lux 18
Twelfth Duchess of Thorndale A. B. Conger, New York 1140
Adalina A. B. Cornell, New York 100
Vacuna J. Mix, Illinois 95
Eighth Duchess of Geneva J. Kello, for R. Pavin Davies, Horton 8120
Second Countess of Oxford A. W. Griswold, Vermont 420
Thirteenth Duchess of Thorndale A. B. Conger, NewYork 3000
Rosamond 5th Warnoch and Megibben, Kentucky 140
Empress of Acomb D. Christie, Canada 105
Tenth Duchess of Geneva H. W. B. Berwick, for the Earl of Bective, 7000
Underley Hall, Westmorland
A.8. NEW YORK MILLS, 1873 795
Gs
Fidessa I. P. Fisher, Kentucky 111
Bloom 2nd I. P. Fisher, Kentucky 160
Victoria 7th A. W. Griswold, Vermont 305
Lady Bates 4th E G. Bedford, Kentucky 650
Her cow-calf, Lady Bates 8th Col. King, Minnesota 320
Roan Duchess 3rd G. M. Bedford, Kentucky 205
Butterfly Beauty A. W. Griswold, Vermont 54
Arabella A. B. Cornell, New York 85
Lady Newham 4th J. Mix, Illinois 50
Lady Bates 5th G. M. Bedford, Kentucky 220
Baron Oxfords Beauty B. F. Vanmeter, Kentucky 100
May Lass 2nd Hughes and Richardson, Kentucky 160
Lady Knightley B. Holden 32
Araminta A. B. Cornell, New York 100
Water Lily Bush and Hampton, Kentucky 225
Rosamond 7th W. R. Duncan, Illinois 140
War Trophy B. B. Groom, Kentucky 50
Lady Worcester 4th T. Holford, Papillon Hall,Northamptonshire 600
Her cow-calf, by Second Duke of Oneida S. Beattie,Canada 90
Sidonia 2nd Hughes and Richardson, Kentucky 160
Lady Knightley 2nd E. K. Thomas, Kentucky 620
Mistress Ford S. Beattie, Canada 100
Cherry Constance Col. King, Minnesota 220
Pen 4th Col. King, Minnesota 340
Twelfth Lady of Oxford T. Holford, Papillon hall(this cow diedon the 1400
voyage to England)
Fairy Queen (dead) -
First Duchess of Oneida Lord Skelmersdale, Lathom House, Lancs. 6120
Lady Newham 5th J. Mix, Illinois 90
Magnolia A. W. Griswold, Vermont 45
Atlantic Gwynne Lord Skelmersdale, Lathorn House 400
Fifteenth Duchess of Geneva (withdrawn) -
Lady Newham 6th Hughes and Richardson, Kentucky 155
Adeliza A. B. Cornell, New York 80
Brenda Col. Morris, New York 500
Lady Valentfne 3rd J. Miles, Pennsylvania 105
Third Duchess of Oneida T. Holford, Papillon Hall 3120
Alphea A. B. Cornell, New York 100
Lady Worcester 5th T. Holford, Papillon Hall 400
Lady Newham 8th A. B. Conger, New York 220
Third Countess of Oxford A. B. Conger, New York 1820
Lady Knightley 3rd Col. Morris, New York 1000
Rosamond 10th W. R. Duncan, Illinois 410
Gs
Victoria 9th A. B. Cornell, New York 160
Arminta A. B. Cornell, New York 85
White Empress Simon Beattie, Canada 200
Rosamond 12th A. W. Griswold, Vermont 105
Fourth Duchess of Oneida E. G. Bedford and Megibben, Kentucky 5000
Fifth Duchess of Oneida (dead) -
Berlinda Col. Morris, New York 460
Bloom 4th A. B. Cornell, New York 200
Lady Bates 6th G. M. Bedford, Kentucky 460
Alcyone A. B. Cornell, New York 140
Rose of Summer (withdrawn) -
Beautys Pride A. W. Griswold, Vermont 345
Cherry Constance 2nd T. J. Megibben, Kentucky 345
Butterfly Bland A. B. Cornell, New York 165
Lady Bates 7th A. B. Cornell 320
Lady Newham 9th A. B. Cornell 80
Moselle 6th Col. King, Minnesota 160
Lady Knightley 4th A. W. Griswold, Vermont 800
Seventh Duchess of Oneida A. J. Alexander, Kentucky 3800
Peri 5th Col. King, Minnesota 260
Twelfth Maid of Oxford Col. Morris, New York 1200
Armentine A. B. Cornell, New York 100
Eighth Duchess of Oneida H. W. B. Berwick, for the Earl of Bective 3060
Wilda Hughes and Richardson, Kentucky 190
Ninth Duchess of Oneida H. W. B. Berwick, for the Earl of Bective 2000
Victoria 10th A. B. Cornell, New York 100
Tenth Duchess of Onedia A. J. Alexander, Kentucky 5400
Miss Gwynne Col. King, Minnesota 340
Bloom 5th C. M. Clay, Jun., Kentucky 180
Sidonia 4th Hughes and Richardson, Kentucky 106
Lady Newham 12th Hughes and Richardson 61
Bulls
Gs
Second Duke of Oneida T. J. Megibben, Kentucky 2400
Fourth Duke of Oneida A. B. Cornell, New York 1520
Alderman A. B. Cornell 50
Advance J. Mix, Illinois 36
Wild Oats W. R. Duncan, Illinois 32
Seventh Duke of Oneida A. W. Griswold, Vermont 800
A.9. UNDERLEY HALL, 1874 797
Gs
Waterman B. P. Goff, Kentucky 65
Fidalgo W. R. Duncan 55
Mill Boy G. W. Palmer, Virginia 60
Prince Alfred T. Dun, Ohio 120
Tenth Earl of Oxford A. B. Cornell 500
Roderigo C. M. Lansing, New York 40
Sixth Lord of Oxford M. H. Cochrane, Canada 260
Rufus Prof. M. Miles, Michigan 70
Baron Bates 5th A. B. Cornell 105
Bright Butterfly A. B. Cornell 40
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
93 cows and heifers 791 8 0 73600 16 0
16 bulls and calves 403 16 0 6460 13 0
109 head averaged 734 10 2 80061 9 0
15 Duchesses and Dukes averaged 3679 18 0
9 Oxfords 826 0 0
The above prices are calculated on the basis of 4/2 English coinage to the
dollar1 , but owing to the rate of exchange on the day of sale the dollar bill
(green-back) was worth only 3/72 , consequently the prices paid in English
money were about one-seventh less than the sums given above.
A.9 Underley Hall, 1874

Saleof a large portion of the EARL OF BECTIVES herd at Underley Hall,
near Kirkby Lonsdale, held on Thursday, September 10th, 1874. Mr. John
Thornton, auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Duchess Gwynne Sir XV. H. Salt, Bart. 430
Violantes Butterfly T. Wilson, Shotley Hall 220
Kirklevington x6th Sir John Swinburne, Bart. 420
Flora Mclvor E. J. Coleman 150
Winsome 2nd E. J. Coleman 305
1
An exchange rate of £1 = $4.8000
2
Gs
Lady Oxford E. J. Coleman 100
Oxford Belle J. Robinson, Berkhamstead 60
Siddington 4th Earl of Ellesmere 60
Carolina 7th E. J. Coleman 170
Darlington 17th Sir R. Loder, Bart. 500
Chaff 13th Col. Loyd Lindsay, M.P. 270
Goneril 4th (not offered). -
Siddington 7th Lord Fitzhardinge 750
Fair Maid of Collingham A. Brogden, M.P. 300
Lady Cambridge Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., M. P. 180
Darlington 19th Sir R. Loder 650
Princess 4th A. Brogden, M. P. 300
Winsome 9th T. Wilson, Shotley Hall 505
Marchioness 3rd Earl of Ellesmere 600
Dentsdale Sir R. Loder, Bart. 550
Lady Laura Barrington Duke of Devonshire 305
Barbon Bell (not offered) -
Baroness Bradwardine J. Grant Morris 165
Duchess Gwynne 4th Sir R. Loder, Bart. 580
Winsornedale Lord Fitzhardinge 650
Princess Gwynne 2nd Rev. P. Graham 250
Cherry Queen J. W. Larking 1220
Duchess Gwynne 5th T. Holford 320
Empress of Oxford T. Holford 770
Deepdale G. Fox 315
Oxford Lily J. Postlethwaite 130
Clotilde Col. Loyd Lindsay, M.P. 250
Underley Darling 2nd J. Postlethwaite 200
Dentsdale 2nd Lord Penrhyn 420
Princess 6th Marquis of Headfort 450
Fair Maid of Kent Marquis of Headfort 275
Lady Kendal J. Robinson 140
Lily Beckfoot A. S. Hill, M.P. 40
Princess Sale Sir John Swinburne, Bart. 370
Winsomdale 3rd J. W. Larking 330
Princess 7th Sir W. H. Salt, Bart. 265
Castalia Col. Loyd Lindsay 70
Bulls
Gs
Third Duke of Gloster E. J. Coleman 900
Grand Duke of Kent 2nd 28,759 H. D. De Vitre 750
A.10. DUNMORE, 1875 799
Gs
Marquis 3rd 31,826 Captain Gandy 175
Duke of Dentsdale 2nd W. Hutchinson 125
Duke of Kirklevington Sir R. G. Musgrave, Bart. 305
Lord Lunesdale Bates J. H. Casswell 510
Amadeus A. Dalzell 61
Duke of Tosca M. Kennedy 300
Marquis 4th E. Williamson 220
Marquis 6th Major C. J. Webb 330
Ostrogoth S. and J. Lindow 330
Lord of Garsdale W. H. Wakefield 115
Visigoth F. W. Low 120
Duke of Dentsdale 3rd Marquis of Headfort 110
Sir Lawrence Barrington C. A. Barnes 100
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
40 cows and heifers 382 11 10 15303 15 0
15 bulls and calves 311 11 5 4673 11 0
55 head averaged 363 4 6 19977 6 0
8 Kirklevingtons averaged 446 5 0
5 Winsomes 401 2 0
7 Darlingtons 400 10 0
A.10 Dunmore, 1875

Saleof a portion of the herd belonging to the EARL OF DUNMORE, Dun-
more, Stirlingshire, held on Wednesday, August 25th, 1875. Mr. John
Thornton, auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Wild Eyes Duchess T. Wilson, Shotley Hall 480
Revelry 8th Sir R. Loder, Bart., Whittlebury 115
Winsome Eyes 3rd Earl of Feversham, Duncombe Park 320
Red Rose of the Isles Earl of Bective, M.P., Underley Hall 1950
Lady Worcester 5th H. A. Brassey, M.P., Preston Hall 620
Lady Louisa’s Duchess 3rd Sir W. Stirling Maxwell, Bart., M.P., 105
Keir
Lady Worcester 9th A. Brogden, M. P., Holme Island, Ulverston 440
Water Flower T. Holford, Papillon Hall 620
Gs
Wild Rose Col. Kingscote, M.P., Kingscote 350
Lady Mary Burdett John Gordon, Cluny Castle, Aberdeenshire 115
Fuchsia 12th T. Lister, Groby, Leicester 900
Oxford Duchess 2nd Lord Fitzhardinge, Berkeley Castle, Gloucester- 1000
shire
Fuchsia 13th J. W. Larking, Ashdown House, Sussex 650
Lady Worcester 11th Duke of Manchester, K imbolton Castle 550
Wild Eyebright T. Wilson, Shotley Hall 455
Lady Worcester 12th Earl of Bective 555
Marchioness of Oxford 3rd Duke of Manchester 1810
Gwendoline Earl of Feversham 210
Revelry 12th Earl of Bective 125
Red Rose of Balmoral Earl of Bective 1280
Sparkling Eyes Earl of Feversharn 350
Lady Worcester G. Fox, Elmhurst Hall 450
Fuchsia 14th T. Lister 360
Revelry 13th Sir John Swinburne, Bart.,Capheaton 110
Water Lily T. Holford 520
Hazel Eyes Earl of Bective 400
Blythesome Eyes Earl of Bective 605
Lady Worcester 15th Sir R. Loder, Bart. 360
Matilda G.. Fox 110
Lady Worcester 14th Earl of Bective 550
Bulls
Gs
Duke of Connaught 33,604 roan, calved August 10th, 1873, by Duke 4500
of Hillhurst 28,401, dam Duchess 18th. Lord Fitzhardinge
Third Duke of Hillhurst 30,975 J. W. Larking 3000
Lord of Braemar W. Busby, Australia 100
Lord of the Forth J. Hope 70
Lord of Breadalbane (passed) -
Second Marquis of Worcester J. H. Kissinger and Co. 150
Marquis of Oxford J. dA. Samuda, M.P., Chillies 300
Finlarig Marquis of Headfort, Headfort House, Meath 175
Scots Fusilier Earl of Zetland 155
Wild Chieftain Earl of Gosford 60
A.11. AYLESBY MANOR, 1875 801
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
30 cows and heifers 576 5 6 17288 5 0
9 bulls and calves 992 16 8 8935 10 0
39 head averaged 672 8 0
2 bulls of the Duchess tribe 3937 10 0
3 Oxfords 1088 10 0
4 Red Roses 892 10 0
2 Waterloos 598 10 0
4 Fuchsias 542 1 3
16 Wilds Eyes 439 7 2
The average of this sale £672 8s., thirty-nine head is the highest realised
in England, and, taken on a gold basis, is higher than the extraordinary
average realised at the New York Mills Sale, U.S.A., in 1873. Calculating
the actual value of the dollar paid in gold by the English purchasers (3/73 ),
the New York Mills average would be £626 1s. 7d. in English money.
A.11 Aylesby Manor, 1875

Saleof the herd bred by the late Mr. WILLIAM TORR, at Aylesby Manor,
near Great Grimsby, Lincolushire, held on Thursday, September 2nd, 1875.
Mr. John Thornton, auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Weal Royal Jacob Wilson, Woodhorn Manor 100
Geneva W. Burnyeat, Ramsay 125
Bright Queen Lady Pigot, West Hall, Weybridge 750
Lady Adah M. C. Cramer, Rathmore, co. Cork 150
Bright Countess T. C. Booth, Warlaby 405
Riby Peeress T. C. Booth 600
Wave Naiad J. Bruce, Barmoor Castle 255
Bright Spangle I. C. Booth 1055
Foreign Princess (ill, withdrawn) -
Fair Jute J. W. Philips, Heybridge, Cheadle 325
Flower Lassie T. LI. Miller, Singleton Park 500
Her bull-calf by Waltron 30,255. J. H. Pickrell, U.S.A. 66
Galliot Earl of Tankerville, Chillingham Castle 365
3
Gs
Telluria Metal S. M. Alexander, Roe Park, Limavady 310
Highland Flower Rev. T. Staniforth, Storrs 1-lall 1500
Rosary Link (barren, passed). -
Mountain Vale Earl of Tankerville 515
Fair Saxon B. St. John Ackers, Prinknash Park 700
Flower of Germany T. H. Miller 760
Riby Lassie T. C. Booth 635
Waterloo Banner John Gordon, Cluny 380
Telluria Cup A. P. Hope, Bowlands, Peebles 140
Foreign Empress A. H. Browne, Doxford 500
Waving W. Hawkes, Thenford 195
Welcome Saxon H. Wardle, Stanton House 200
Water Mint R. Bruce, Newton of Struthers 190
Bright Baroness T. C. Booth 1000
Flower Alpine W. McCulloch, Australia 710
Telluria Vase Lord Polwarth, Mertoun House 280
War Baroness (barren, passed) -
Germania J. H. Pickrell, Harristown, U.S.A. 430
Warluck W. McCulloch, Australia 520
Lowland Flower B. St. John Ackers 800
Heather Flower Rev. T. Staniforth, Storrs Hall 1000
Bright Empress T. C. Booth 2160
Bright Marchioness T. C. Booth 1185
Flower of Holland H. Wardle 680
Aylesby Foggathorpe A. Bethune, Blebo, Fife 225
Weal hope D. Fisher, Pitlochrie 220
Fashion Girl (barren, passed) -
Bright Saxon T. C. Booth 1505
Fine Princess W. Burnyeat 405
Flower of Belgium J. W. Philips 600
Riby Foggathorpe Lord Polwarth 315
Weal Graft A. Mitchell, Alloa 210
Telluria Wassail A. Crane, Chicago, U.S.A. 310
Riby Empress J. W. and F. Cruickshank, Lethenty 760
Foreign Duchess W. Hawkes 220
Weal Duchess T. G. Lofthouse, Moorhouse, Yorks. 200
Flower of Switzerland J. W. Philips 500
Foreign Queen W. Talbot-Crosbie 805
Flower of York Willingham Fo vler, Cottesmore, Oakham 135
Bright Sovereign J. W. and E. Cruickshank 400
Wealthy Bud Willingham Fowler 110
Bright Dowager B. St. John Ackers 805
Riby Pearl T. C. Booth 775
A.11. AYLESBY MANOR, 1875 803
Gs
War Stain W. Burnyeat 150
Bright Jewel T. C. Booth 775
War Field W. Burnyeat 275
WelI Born Earl ofTankerville 405
Waterloo Shield J. H. Pickrell, U.S.A. 455
Flower of the Rhine Sir W. Stirling Maxwell, Bart., Keir 510
Weal Trust Humphry Smith, Mount Mellick, Queens Co. 135
Bright Swede T. C. Booth 600
Flower Albion J. W. Philips 500
Waft A. Mitchell 250
Wave Spirit Sir E. S. Hardinge, Bart., Stonewall, Kent 360
Mountain Dell Sir B. S. Hardinge, Bart. 200
Bright Design T. C. Booth 850
Foreign Beauty Hugh Aylmer, West Dereham Abbey 520
Water Flag Willingham Fowler 105
Graecia Humphry Smith 210
Riby Marchioness W. T. Talbot-Crosbie 1260
Telluria Gem A. H. Browne 170
Welcome Swede J. Bruce, Barmoor Castle 270
Bright Dane (ill, withdrawn) -
Weal Faith F. W. Park, Grove, Retford 115
Bulls
Gs
Flag of Ireland 28,613 G. Cather, Carriclune, Londonderry 130
Fandango Sir W. Stirling Maxwell, Bart. 700
Famous Knight H. Dalbiac Harrison, California 260
Riby Knight J. Marshall, New Zealand 700
Fascinator G. Cather 270
Garterly Bell Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart., Blagdon 200
Fitz Roland Earl of Tankerville 370
Lord Lamech J. H. Pickrell, U.S.A. 560
Burghley Willingham Fowler 215
Balmoral Rev. J. N. Micklethwait 700
Brockleshy H. Chandos-Pole-Gell 170
Fermoy (killed) -
Richmond A. Fawkes, Farnley Hall 230
Falmouth D. Pugh, Manoravon 270
FitzWilliam (dead) -
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
71 cows and heifers 533 17 9 37906 1 0
13 bulls and calves 385 13 6 5013 15 0
84 head averaged 510 19 0 42919 16 0
15 Brights averaged 880 5 0
7 Ribys 744 0 0
25 Flowers 576 18 3
21 W’s 255 0 0
5 G’s 279 6 0
2 M’s 375 7 6
5 Tellurias 254 2 0
2 Sylphs 372 15 0
2 Foggathorpes averaged 283 10 0
A.12 Millbeckstock, 1877

Saleof Shorthorns belonging to Hon. M. H. COCHRANE, of Hillhurst,
Canada, held at Millbeckstock, Bowness, Windermere, on September 4th,
1877. Mr. John Thornton, auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Vernal Star A. Darby 460
Killerby Queen J. Torr, M.P. 41
White Rose Rev. T. Staniforth 300
Queen of Beauty J. B. Booth 120
Bright Lady J. Torr, M.P. 330
Rosedale 3rd J. C. Toppin 62
British Queen Rev. T. Staniforth 230
Royal Rose A. Metcalfe 106
Welcome Lady J. B. Booth 226
Vesper Star W. T. Crosbie 1000
Welfare J. Torr, M.P. 105
Statira J. Richardson 66
Second Princess of the Valley H. J. Sheldon 130
Her cow-calf by Second Duke of Hillhurst T. Holford 42
Winifred Mrs. J. Pery 100
Queen Bess J. Rhodes 62
Waxwork N. Smith 76
Marchioness of Barrington Sir W. H. Salt, Bart. 800
A.13. GADDESBY HALL, 1877 805
Gs
Third Duchess of Hillhurst Sir R. Loder, Bart. 4100
Lady Rosedale J. Whyte 73
Vesper Queen A. Darby 700
Stella A. B. Wilson 35
Fifth Duchess of Hillhurst Earl of Bective, M.P. 4300
Double Rose 1st T. Pears 71
Double Rose 2nd T. Pears 82
Lady Surmise Sir W. H. Salt, Bart. 400
Rosalind R. Darling 31
Vesper Princess J. Whyte 205
Bulls
Gs
Second Duke of Hillhurst A. H. Lougman 800
Cumbermede J. Topham 51
Baron Aylesby Rev. T. Staniforth 335
Brigadier N. Dudding 46
Killerby Star N. Lambert 40
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
32 head 510 3 4 16325 8 0
A.13 Gaddesby Hall, 1877

Sale of a portion of the herd belonging to Mr. EDWARD H. CHENkY,
Gaddesby Hall, near Leicester, held on September i8th, 1877. Mr. Strafford,
auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Cleopatra 12th J. I. D. Jefferson 52
Fidelity 2nd R. Botterill 71
Thirteenth Duchess of Airdrie Sir R. Loder,Ban 2200
Tenth Maid of Oxford Earl of Bective 1605
Her cow.calf by Third Duke of Gloster33,653 Sir R.Loden, Bart. 180
Thirteenth Lady of Oxford H. Allsopp (Lord Hindlip) 1900
Wild Duchess of York J. I. D. Jefferson 470
Gs
Lady Wellesley 2nd L. Rawstorn 425
Musical 17th J. H. Blundell 51
Fidelity 3rd R. Botterill 70
Princess Alexander 2nd Lord Moreton 110
Cleopatras Duchess 4th Major Chaffey 70
Fidget J H. Blundell 75
Lady Angelina Earl of Bective 415
Eleventh Maid of Oxford H. Lovatt 1400
Wild Duchess of Geneva 5th Major Chaffey 200
Musical 18th E. Bowly 40
Lady Angelina 2nd T. Holford 230
Fidget 2nd D. A. Green 82
Wild Duchess of Gloucester Sir W. H. Salt, Bart. 340
Seraphinas Duchess Major Chaffey 40
Bulls
Gs
Third Duke of Gloster 33653 J. Lynn 550
Seventh Duke of Gloster Duke of Devonshire 1850
Lord Oxford (withdrawn) -
Lord Wild Eyes Sir J. Whitworth, Bart. 110
Earl of Leicester 15th H. H. Langham 72
Earl of Leicester 16th J. Banks Stanhope 75
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
20 cows and heifers 526 7 4 10527 6 0
5 bulls and calves 557 19 5 2789 17 0
25 head averaged 532 13 8 13317 3 0
A.14 Holker Hall, 1878

Saleof a portion of the herd belonging to the DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE at
Holker Hall, Cark in Cartmel, Lancs., held on September i8th, 1878. Mr.
11. Strafford and Mr. Finlay Dun, auctioneers.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Lily Col. Kingscote 61
A.14. HOLKER HALL, 1878 807
Gs
Lady Ellen Barrington G. Ashburner 155
Lady Laura Barrington (withdrawn) -
Grand Duchess of Oxford 19th Major Chaffey 855
Oxford Rose 5th Earl of Dunmore 205
Lady Bright Eyes 3rd Lord Skelmersdale 305
Grand Duchess of Oxford 21st Lord Penrhyn 1550
Musical 2nd Sir J. H. Greville Smyth, Bart. 160
Grand Duchess of Oxford 22nd W. McCulloch, Australia 2100
Oxford Rose 10th A. H. Lougman 150
Countess of Barrington 7th Earl of Dunmore 505
Oxford Rose 12th Earl of Dunmore 350
Baroness Oxford 5th D. McIntosh 2660
Blanche 15th J. I. D. Jefferson 110
Dainty 2nd S. P. Foster 240
Countess of Barrington 9th W. Ashburner 360
Winsome 20th Sir J. H. Greville Smyth, Bart. 805
Grand Duchess of Oxford 38th Sir John Swinburne, Bart. 1450
Grand Duchess of Oxford 40th S. P. Foster 1600
Bulls
Gs
Fifth Duke of Wetherby 31,033 C. Fox 705
Duke of Oxford 44th 39,744 H. A. Brassey 1650
Duke of Oxford 45th 39,775 Lord Fitzhardinge 1500
Duke of Oxford 46th 41,413 Earl of Ellesmere 660
Duke of Barrington 4th 39,712 Col. Webb 160
Duke of Barrington 5th Duke of Roxburgh 63
Duke of Barrington 6th 39,714 Sir Wilfred Lawson, Bart. 105
Baron Winsome 5th 39,451 Earl of Bective 130
Duke of Barrington 7th 36,715 R. Blezard 185
Baron of Raby 6th E. Gell 76
Musician Mr. Robinson 30
Wetherby Winsome 3rd Admiral Chaloner 89
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
30 head 664 1 10 19922 14 0
9 Oxfords averaged 1636 5 0
A.15 Sholebroke, 1884

Sale of Mr. R. E. OLIVERS herd at Sholebroke Lodge, Towcester, held on
May 8th, 1884. Mr. John Thornton, auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Silverdale A. J. Scott, Rotherfield, Hampshire 41
Waterloo Bienvenue Capt. J. G. Moir, Reigate, Surrey 28
Grand Duchess 32nd Sir Curtis Lampson, Bart. 400
Waterloo 43rd Hon. R. Baillie Hamilton, Dunse Castle 205
Cherry Grand Duchess 10th John Evans, Uffington, Shropshire 38
Cherry Grand Duchess 12th, 1878 E. Knapp Fisher, Market Har- 46
borough
Silver Cloud A. J. Scott 44
Grand Duchess 37th C. T. Lucas, Horsham, Sussex 155
Grand Duchess of Barringtonia 5th J. J. Hill, U.S.A. 70
Cherry Grand Duchess 13th Edwin Ellis, Guildford, Surrey 81
Barringtonia 3rd R. Gibson, Canada 74
Lady Amelia F. Germeau, Belgium 53
Elysian J. P. Robinson, Esher 36
Grand Duchess 39th Sir Curtis Lampson,Bart. 1060
Grand Duchess 40th A. H. Lloyd, Bletchingly, Surrey 675
Cherry Grand Duchess 14th F. Germeau 51
Grand Duchess 41st Duke of Devonshire 1005
Grand Duchess 42nd Lord Bective 1120
Grand Duchess 43rd J. J. Hill, U.S.A. 500
Grand Duchess 44th Lord Bective 705
Grand Duchess of Barringtonia 6th H. V. Attrill, Canada 95
Lady Amelia 2nd F. Germean 42
Barringtonia 4th H. Y. Attrill 83
Waterloo Bienvenue 2nd H. A. Brassey, Kent 305
Grand Duchess 46th Sir Hussey Vivian, Bart. (LordSwansea) 300
Daphne 2nd C. T. Getting, SouthAmerica 75
Grand Duchess 47th J. J. Hill 600
Cherry Grand Duchess 15th C. T. Lucas 56
Emblem C. Bolden 54
Grand Duchess of Waterloo 2nd C. T.Getting 340
Grand Duchess 48th A. H. Lloyd 850
Grand Duchess 49th Earl of Bective 910
Barringtonia 5th Earl of Northbrook 80
Grand Duchess 51st Earl of Feversham (resold to P. L. Mills) 430
Silver Cloud 3rd W. F. M. Copeland, Watford, Herts 50
A.16. KILLERBY, 1886 809
Gs
Grand Duchess 52nd Lord Fitzhardinge 500
Barringtonia 6th W. F. M. Copeland 53
Grand Duchess 53rd Earl of Bective 280
Bulls
Gs
Grand Duke 30th J. Rooke, Weedon 40
Cherry Grand Duke 8th O. Manning, Potterspury Lodge 31
Grand Duke 33rd Hon. C. W. Fitzwilliam 62
Grand Duke 41st 46,439 A. H. Lloyd 375
Grand Duke 44th 46,440 Mrs. Mcintosh, Havering, Essex 200
Grand Duke 46th 49,671 Duke of Devonshire 750
Oxford de Vere 5th Mrs. Perry Herrick 160
Cherry Grand Duke 13th Earl Spencer, K.G. 50
Grand Duke of Waterloo 7th 46,439 C. T.Getting 150
Lord Digby A. J. Robarts 50
Silver Duke 4th A. W. J. Grant Thorold 17
Lord Augustus C. T. Getting 20
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
50 head averaged 281 6 0 14064 5 0
20 Grand Duchesses averaged 573 2 10
A.16 Killerby, 1886

Sale of the herd bred by Mr. JOHN B. BOOTH, Killerhy, Catterick, York-
shire, held on Wednesday, October 6th, i886. Mr. John Thornton, auction-
eer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Princess Brigantine T. H. Hutchinson 64
Her cow-calf T. H. Hutchinson 44
Queen of Diamonds D. Pugh 51
Queen Bee M. J. Aguirre, South America 32
Emma M. J. Aguirre 42
Her cow-calf H. Rous 16
Gs
Reigning Beauty J. Fielden 55
Merry Moonlight D. Cooper 67
Welcome Maid D. Cooper 165
Merry Spring Captain Duncombe 51
Trinket J. H. Brackenridge 110
Queen of Scots M. J. Aguirre 41
Merry Morn D. A. Shennan, South America 95
Lady Geraldine 3rd H. Smith 20
Vivacity J. Fryer 20
Princess Beatrice T. H. Hutchinson 160
Gipsies Dora M. J. Aguirre 16
Welcome Princess Duke of Marlborough 250
Hetty E. Heinemann 125
Portia D. Pugh 91
Eliza R. Peña, SouthAmerica 51
Carrie Earl of Abingdon 90
Queen of Scotia T. H. Hutchinson 205
Timbrel Lord Polwarth 65
Princess Royal T. H. Hutchinson 330
Welcome Queen J. J. Moubray 150
Lady Gwendoline J. P. Cross 29
Heartsease E. Heinemaun 71
Hoyden Duke of Marlborough 180
Reigning Belle J. Fielden 66
Queen Bridget Duke of Marlborough 90
Volatile R. Peña 115
Repartee J. Fielden 175
Mavourneen H. Smith 53
Lady Griselda R. Pejia 66
Princess Battenberg T. H. Hutchinson 130
Rival Beauty J. Fielden 77
Philippa C. W. Wilson 130
Welcome Home T. Earle 91
Turquoise Lord Polwarth 85
Lady Georgie Duke of Northumberland 85
Bulls
Gs
King of Trumps 31,512 Lord Polwarth 42
Paul Potter 38,854 Duke of Northumberland 115
Heart of Oak 39,982 T. Strickland 18
Prince Stuart 45,421 W. Pigott 50
A.17. WHITTLEBURY, 1889 811
Gs
Party Man 51,821 W. Scoby 28
Baltimore 50,781 M. Lozano, South America 110
Helios 52,995 G. M. Allender 51
Gipsy Prince 52,939 C. T. Getting 90
Bonnie Stuart 52,530 F. J. S. Foljambe 36
Masher A. and A. Mitchell 185
Erl King M. Zemborain, South America 98
Ruling Power C. W. Wilson 200
Peasant Proprietor Jacob Wilson 130
Gipsy King T. Bolland, South America 36
Merryman F. Tindall 72
Merry Day E. Heinemann 41
Welcome King D. Pugh 70
Prince Baltimore Duke of Marlborough 62
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
39 cows and heifers 103 12 6 4041 9 0
18 bulls and bull-calves 83 13 0 1505 14 0
57 head averaged 97 6 4 5547 3 0
44 Hecubas averaged 107 12 0
7 Georgies averaged 63 15 0
A.17 Whittlebury, 1889

Sale of the herd bred by the late Sir ROBERT LOnER, Bart., Whittlebury,
Tow cester, held on Wednesday, May 15th, 1889. Mr. John Thornton,
auctioneer.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Grand Duchess of Geneva 5th T. Holford 85
Grand Duchess Gwynne 3rd A. D. Wells 22
Duchess of Buckingham P. L. Mills 295
Lady Godiva Hon. C. W. Fitzwilliam 28
Red Rose of Whittlebury 3rd E. Trinder 33
Her red-and -white cow-calf George Taylor 30
Wild Woman C. C. Carew Gibson 60
Duchess of Whittlebury 6th Herbert Leney 150
Her red-and-little-white cow-calf Herbert Leney 40
Gs
Red Rose of Whittlebury 6th S. hill 45
Her roan bull-calf. Right lion W. H. Smith 25
Dahlia 3rd Lord Rothschild 27
Her roan bull-calf R. Wood 16
Duchess Darlington 13th T. Holford 85
Grand Duchess Gwynne 4th R. Waterhouse 41
Her red.and-white bull-calf H. J. Evans 17
Duchess Fawsley 11th Hon. C. W. Fitzwilliam 52
Her roan cow-calf A. Deacon 25
Red Rose of Whittlebury 7th E. K. Bickley 26
Her red-and-white bull-calf Lady Shelley 15
Duchess of Whittlebury 9th L. Grollier, France 165
Her roan bull-calf F. H. Jennings 30
Duchess of Whittlebury 10th H.R.H. the Prince of Wales 160
Her roan bull-cow T. Horsfall 80
Duchess of Whittlebury 11th Madame Grollier, France 270
Winsome 10th J. Howell 32
Duchess of Whittlebury 12th G. Taylor 36
Flora E. Robert 35
Duchess of Whittlebury 13th A. H. Lloyd 510
Dahlia 4th C. Turner 27
Duchess Fawsley 12th F. T. Stanley 26
Duchess Darlington 14th. T. Fair 40
Red Rose of Whittlebury 8th N. Farnell Watson 28
Dahlia 5th A. Deacon 40
Her white bull-calf H. Gale 6
Winsome of Whittleury E. Trinder 52
Duchess of Whittlebury 14th J. Harris 175
Duchess Fawsley 13th Aylesbury Dairy Co. 47
Lady Coventry W. F. Inge 53
Duchess Darlington 15th J. Harris 81
Duchess of Whittlebury 15th Sir W. H. Salt, Bart. 390
Winsome Wild Eyes 12th Duke of Manchester 45
Lady Dahlia E. Roberts 30
Duchess Darlington 16th R. Treadwell 20
Dianthus Lord Wantage 22
Duchess Fawsley 14th H. Spurner 36
Duchess Fawsley 15th Earl of Lathom 50
Grand Duchess Gwynne 5th Aylesbury Dairy Co. 71
Winsome Wild Eyes 13th Baron F. J. de Rothschild 34
Lady Coventry 2nd Right Hon. W. H. Smith 41
Duchess of Whittlebury 17th H.R.H. the Prince of Wales 305
Duchess of Whittlebury 18th Earl of Bective 375
A.18. WARLABY, 1895 813
Gs
Duchess of Whittlehury 19th J. Harris 330
Duchess of Whittlebury 20th Earl of Feversham 140
Flora 2nd S. Hill 41
Duchess Darlington 17th W. Graham 60
Gs
Duke of Rosedale 12th 46,268 F. T. Stanley 130
Fawsley 47,865 W. H. King 23
Duke of Whittlebury 8th D. R. Scratton 72
Rosy Duke W. F. Inge 21
Duke of Whittlebury 9th J. Waring 20
Duke of Whittlebury 10th H. F. Getting 44
Wild Lad Lord Wantage 30
Rosy Duke 2nd Baron F. J. de Rothschild 61
Rosy Duke 3rd H. Gale 30
Duke of Whittlebury 11th W. F. H. Lyon 61
Baron Darlington 5th C. Magniac 67
Baron Fawsley 4th P. Phipps 53
Rosy Duke 4th W. F. Inge 20
Rosy Duke 5th Lady Shelley 15
Duke Winsome 2nd Baron F. J. de Rothschild 18
Lord Coventry A. Gould 21
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
46 cows and heifers 113 15 9 5234 5 0
16 bulls and bull-calves 45 0 0 720 6 0
62 head averaged 96 0 9 5954 11 0
A.18 Warlaby, 1895

Sale of Shorthorn cattle, by order of the Trustees of the late Mr. ThOMAs C.
BOOTH, Warlaby, Northallerton, Yorkshire, held on Saturday, June 22nd,
1895. Messrs. John Thornton and Co., auctioneers.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Lady Romola Studley J. J. Moubray
Gs
Lady Sybil Studley E. Potter
Lady Rosalie Studley T. Fielden
Lady Victoria Studley Sir Jacob Wilson
Lady Julia Studley Lord Polwarth
Regina Sir James Miller, Bart.
Lady Daisy Studley C. Tollemache Scott
Lady Phoebe Riby J. W. Philips
Lady Theresa Riby Hon. H. J. Hephurne Scott
Lady Sylvia Studley Walter H. Harris
Lady Algitha Studley H. Dudding
Lady Clementine Studley W. Graham
Lady Hannah Riby Colonel J. F. Brocklehurst
Lady Bertha Studley Donald Fisher
Lady Joan Christon Colonel J. T. North
Lady Jessica Studley E. Heinemann
Her roan bull-calf Earl of Yarborough
Lady Lilian Studley Lord Polwarth
Her roan hull-calf Earl Percy
Lady Adelaide Studley H.R.H. The Prince of Wales
Lady Hester Studley T. Fielden
Lady Agnes Christon Colonel J. T. North
Lady Stella Riby Lord Arbuthnott
Lady Cynthia Riby Countess of Yarborough
Lady Constance Christon Colonel J. T. North
Lady Viola Riby Duke of Buceleuch 81
Lady Clara Studley Lord Polwarth 105
Lady Selina Studley H. Williams 230
Lady Charlotte Riby R. N. Byass 52
Lady Gwendoline Riby Earl Percy 175
Lady Magdalene Riby Monsieur de Clercq(transferredto A. and A.
Lady Hermione Studley A. and A. Mitchell (transferred to Monsieur
de Clercq
Lady Christobel Christon Colonel J. T. North 110
Lady Ariadne Studley Duke of Buccleuch 74
Lady Myrtle Christon Colonel J. T. North 90
Lady Thishe Riby A. and A. Mitchell 100
Lady Fera Studley Earl Percy 175
Lady Hebe Riby Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart. 81
Lady Judith Studley Lord Polwarth 40
Bulls
A.19. UPPERMILL, 1905 815
Gs
Sir Gilbert Studley 66,347 W. T. Talbot-Crosbie 355
Sir Julian Huntley 63,378 Colonel J. T.North 140
Sir Sylvester Studley 66,363 T. Fielden 50
Sir Oliver Riby Earl of Tankerville 90
Sir Julius Studley Lord Polwarth 155
Sir Augustus Riby A. Kaulen, SouthAmerica 62
Sir Ivanhoe Riby Earl of Tankerville 66
Sir Hildebrand Studley W. Graham 77
Sir Donovan Studley A. L. Muggeridge,SouthAmerica 33
Sir Laurence Riby Sir Walter Gilbey (afterwardssold to Colonel 205
North)
Sir Simon Studley A. Kaulen 38
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
37 cows and heifers 139 10 2 5161 16 0
11 bulls and bull calves 121 6 6 1334 11 0
48 head averaged 135 6 9 6496 7 0
19 Ribys averaged 119 7 4
12 Bright Spangles 105 8 10
11 Bright Marchionesses 166 15 2
6 Christons 188 2 6
A.19 Uppermill, 1905

Sale of the herd belonging to the representatives of the late Mr. W. S.
MARE, Uppermill, Oldmeldrum, Aberdeenshire, held on Tuesday, October
ith, 1904. Messrs. Macdonald, Fraser, andCo., Ltd., auctioneers.
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Princess Royal 36th J.Thomson 28
Maude 37th Mr. Garland 24
Nonpareil Princess Dr.VaughanHarley 90
Goldie 37th Mr. Hill 60
Emma 28th W. Lawson 56
Missie 148th S. Dennis 81
Princess Royal 52nd J. Marr 40
Missie 150th W. Duthie 250
Blythesome 14th P. Clune 250
Gs
Roan Lady 26th P. Clune 250
Butterfly 27th J. Marr 60
Roseleaf G. Harrison 68
Missie 152nd S. Dennis 120
Clara 53rd W. Duthie 250
Princess Royal 58th P. Clone 250
Missie 155th Dr. Wilson 66
Missie 156th P. Clone 200
Missie 157th W. Duthie 300
Duchess of Gloster 33rd W. Duthie 160
Blythesome 20th J. W. Earle 100
Princess Royal 65th W. Duthie 175
Roan Lady 31st Dr. Wilson 210
Roan Lady 32nd A. T. Gordon 85
Blythesome 22nd D. Anderson 250
Princess of Morn J. Douglas Fletcher 230
Cowslip Girl Sir H. H. Smiley, Bart. 80
Roan Lady 34th W. Duthie 135
Missie 168th P. Clone 200
Blythesome 24th Mr. Langham 55
Princess Royal 69th P. Clune 260
Duchess of Gloster 35th G. Rodger 270
Emma 39th F. Simmers 60
Bessie 54th G. Young 90
Missie 175th Lumsden and Mackenzie 160
Clara 61st W. Duthie 310
Lady Dorothy 34th Dr. Vaughan Harley 105
Royal Lady Dr. Vaughan Harley 60
Alexandrina 30th G. Rodger 350
Blythesome 29th W. Lee 160
Waterton Princess Royal G. Rodger 280
Red Lady 41st Mr. Ainshe 35
Princess Royal 30th G. Rodger 170
Emma 40th D. Stewart 60
Princess Royal 81st Dr. Vaughan Harley 70
Missie 177th J. Wilson 155
Diamond Rosebud G. Rodger 160
Princess Royal 82nd G. Rodger 400
Goldie 50th Dr. Wilson 110
Clara 62nd Colonel J. Murray 58
Emma 41st H. C. Lewis 170
Butterfly 28th G. Rodger 350
Missie 180th H. C. Lewis 250
A.19. UPPERMILL, 1905 817
Gs
Lavender Lily G. Rodger 260
Nonpareil Countess Dr. Vaughan Harley 190
Blythesome 32nd G. Rodger 160
Princess Royal 86th Captain C. H. Graham Stirling 105
Roan Lady 45th Mr. Langham 42
Goldie 51st G. Camphell 60
Blythesome 33rd P. Clone 125
Princess Royal 87th J. Douglas Fletcher 120
Princess Mary Dr Wilson 52
Princess Royal 88th A. L. Hudson 60
Missie 182nd Lumsden and Mackenzie 66
Princess Royal 89th G. Rodger 320
Bessie 55th J. Marr 75
Lavender Lady 2nd P. L. Mills 300
Duchess of Gloster 38th H. C. Lewis 210
Roan Lady 46th S. Dennis 90
Maude 49th G. Rodger 85
Roan Lady 47th P. Clune 70
Missie 183rd D. Stewart 210
Emma 43rd W. A. Dron 42
Missie 184th R. Bruce 140
Blythesome 35th J. Marshall 70
Clara 64th Duke of Northumberland 110
Missie 185th J. L. Reid 150
Princess Royal 91st T. B. Earle 70
Nonpareil Princess 2nd S. Hill 340
Goldie 52nd S. Hill 60
Princess Royal 92nd R. Bruce 330
Princess Royal 93rd Dr. Wilson 50
Roan Lady 50th G. Walker 28
Clara 65th S. Hill 110
Blythesome 36th G. Rodger 140
Missie 186th P. Clune 140
Blythesome 37th G. Rodger 95
Roan Lady 51st Sir James Miller, Bart. 65
Princess Royal 94th J. Marshall 50
Princess Royal 95th J. Marr 50
Roan Lady 52nd Lord Calthorpe 46
Gs
Bapton Favourite 76050 G. Rodger 1200
Gs
Bapton Tyrant 85245 G. Rodger 100
Nonpareil Champion 86721 R. Marshall 230
Proud Prince G. Rodger 320
Missies Sapphire Mr. Rohinson 50
Blythesome Earl G. Rodger 170
Diamond Cross G. Rodger 120
Diamond Crown J. A. Preece 55
Diamond Ring Mr. Douglas 30
Proud Lancer Mr. Rohinson 110
Diamond Casket R. Bruce 160
Royal Bounty A. G. Maxtone Graham 60
Proud Conqueror W. T. Game 230
Proud Knight Mr. Fleming 50
Diamond Butterfly G. Freeman 140
Duke of Gordon G. Walker 46
Royal Sapphire W. Barnes 48
Missies Chief A. L. Hudson 115
Missies Crown Sir A. Henderson, Bart. 205
Gold Cross A. T. Gordon 90
Diamond Mint Abbot Brothers 55
Diamond Ensign A. Rohertson 78
Royal Pennant Sir A. Henderson, Bart. 250
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
113 head averaged 156 5 4 17658 4 0
23 Princess Royals 162 17 9
18 Missies 166 14 4
11 Blythesomes 150 6 10
5 Claras 175 19 7
A.20 Ruddington Hall, 1906

Sale of the herd of the late Mr. PHILo L. MILLS, Ruddington Hall, Not-
tingham, held on Thursday, May 3rd, 1906. Messrs. John Thornton and
Co., auctioneers. 4
Bulls
Gs
Violet Victor 80,180 C. H. Jolliffe 95
A.20. RUDDINGTON HALL, 1906 819
Gs
Ruddington King Edward 84,669 S. F. M. Nevett 50
King Christian of Denmark 86,316 A. W. Hickling 900
Ruddington Prince Christian 89,997 F. Miller 1100
Denmarks Heir Presumptive C. F. Lahusen 200
Duke of Ruddington 5th 88,468 C. F. Lahusen 80
King Edward 86,323 Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart. 200
Collynie Fashion 85,606 A. M. Webster 50
Blithe Star B. Ilowkins 30
Merry New Year 89,308 C. F. Lahusen 66
Grand Duke of Ruddington 6th 88,759 C. F. Lahusen 70
Ruddington Royal Edward 90,000 Augustin de Elia 65
Viscount Oxford of Ruddington 13th 90,427 C. F. Lahusen 57
Macgregor of Collynie 89,197 Augustin de Elia 125
Ruddington Duke of Roses 89,993 W. Ward 58
Ruddington Mario 89,995 G. Hoyles 32
Emperor of India 88,521 S. E. Dean and Sons 42
Viscount Oxford of Ruddington 14th C. F Lahusen 23
Count Ito 88,277 S. E. Dean and Sons 60
Duke of Ruddington 6th 90,428 Joseph Harris 420
Grand Duke of Ruddington 8th A. H. Longman 160
King Edwards Heir W. Toy 33
Ruddington Count Edward 89,992 C. F. Lahusen 61
Ruddington Royal Diamond 89,999 S. Sanday 60
Ruddington Blushing Edward A. A. Avis 25
Grand Duke of Ruddington 9th R. J. Balston 41
Denmarks Royal Drop Augustin de Elia 210
Ruddington Viceroy J. Woof 165
Ruddington Ruby King A. Ashworth 80
Ruddington Clipper King W. H. Hutchinson 32
Belted Knight C. F. Lahusen 290
Last Chance E. Harwood 255
Daisys Prince G. Hoyles 21
Forest Lord A. A. Haley 41
Ruddington King Sockburn Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart. 35
Ruddington William of Orange A. A. Haley 53
Lord of the Isles T. Potter 41
Cows and Heifers
Gs
Thalia 7th A. N. Hickling 80
Her roan bull-calf Sir H. H. Smiley, Bart. 86
Grand Duchess of Ruddington 2nd Lord Moreton 65
Gs
Her red cow-calf W. H. P. Norris 150
Crimson Rose C. F. Ellis 41
Her roan bull-calf A. N. Henderson 53
Charity 8th A. M. Gordon 56
Pierrepont Victoria R. Moss 22
Her red bull-calf J. Parkinson 9
Daydream 5th R. J. Baiston 63
Bright Ruby James Murray 47
Her roan cow-calf Sir W. Greenwell, Bart. 32
Snow Day H. Straker 70
Lady Beauty R. J. Baiston 205
Fanfare 4th J. Mackenzie 21
Ruddington Thalia F. Ames 100
Swansea Duchess Heiress R. J. Baiston 66
Countess Farewell 5th. Domingo Pablo and Adoipho Olivera 600
Her roan cow-calf Domingo, Pablo and Adoipho Olivera 400
Grand Duchess of Ruddington 8th D’Arcy E. Taylor 155
Her roan cow-calf W. H. P. Norris 120
Favourite Blush Captain Whitting 71
Her red calf Sir. W. Greenwell, Bart. 61
Daisy 4th Parker, Fraser and Co. 46
Her roan cow-calf Parker, Fraser and Co. 35
Dainty Lass Daughter W. Duthie 500
Her roan bull-calf W. H. P. Norris 130
Lady Charlotte A. Ashworth 215
Her red cow-calf Sir Walpole Greenwell, Bart. 210
Duchess of Ruddiugton 3rd A. W. Hickling 310
Her roan cow-calf W. H. P. Norris 360
Ruddington Daisy S. Dennis 58
Duchess Sarah 33rd Eduardo Rodrig 50
Her red cow-calf Eduardo Rodrig 17
Barbara A. H. Longman 160
Wild Rose R. McCullagh 60
Marios Lady A. W. Hickling 160
Her red cow-calf Sir Walpole Greenwell, Bart. 66
Empress of India C. F. Lahusen 43
Her roan cow.calf C. F. Lahusen 40
Maritana Sir R. P. Cooper, Bart. 10
Her red.and.little-white cow-calf Sir R. P. Cooper, Bart. 45
Sockburn Sall D’Arcy E. Taylor 100
Carlotta Sir R. P. Cooper, Bart. 390
Morning Dream Norman Hague 95
Countess 2nd Lord Winterstoke 140
A.20. RUDDINGTON HALL, 1906 821
Gs
Her roan cow-calf Lord Winterstoke 44
Ruddiugton Cambridge Gwynne A. A. Haley 62
Maid of Woodborough 2nd J. Eccies 75
Her white bull-calf R. J. Balston 36
Lovely’s Magic Wand J. Douglas Fletcher 100
Heather Drop A. Ashworth 95
Blaeberry 9th A. A. Haley 50
Her roan bull-calf W. Ward 21
Ruddington Snowflake C. F. Lahusen 45
Her roan bull-calf C. F. Lahusen 16
Victoria’s Royal Christmas F. Reynard 34
Lady Dorothy 28th J. Eccles 210
Ruddington Village Maid J. Douglas Fletcher 65
Red Duchess 4th J. Douglas Fletcher 310
Cambridge Premium Rose 76th E. Harwood 53
Lavender Lady 2nd S. Mitchell 300
Marengo’s Lady Beauty James Murray 100
Rose of Denmark Hon. C. B. Portman 130
Ruddington Maiden Blusla Col. Fenwick 105
Ruddington Duchess Heiress Reginald Booth 62
Ruddington Edelweiss H. Duddiug 41
Ruddington Merry Daisy Lord Winterstoke 280
Ruddington Sittyton Gwynne A. B. Earle 100
Ruby of Transvaal Sir Walpole Greenwell, Bart. 62
Violet Sunlocks Earl Beauchamp 70
Grand Duchess of Ruddington 12th D’Arcy E. Taylor 210
Ruddiugton Countess Farewell 2nd Lord Lovat 410
Ruddington Snow Day A. Campbell 42
Violet Sockburn Hon. C. B. Portman 130
Lady Biddy Fane Earl Manvers 260
Marengo’s Ruddington Beauty Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart. 100
Lovely Queen C. F. Lahusen 180
Ruddington Butterfly Sweetheart Sir Walpole Greenwell, Bart. 205
Ruddington Magic Wand Carlos C. Olivera and Sons 330
Ruddington Belladonna C. F. Lahusen 120
Ruddington Royal Thalia F. J. Steward 46
Dainty Lass Daydream Carlos C. Olivera and Sons 420
Ruddington Countess Farewell 3rd J. Douglas Fletcher 180
Princess Victoria A. C. Hall 51
Ruddington Glacier Carlos C. Olivera and Sons 62
Ruddington Fashion C. F. Lahusen 60
Ruddington Daisy Queen S. Sanday 85
Ruddington Primrose Sockburn Q. O. Gold 27
Gs
Duchess Sarah 38th Dr. R. M. Wilson 22
Ruddington Seraphina Thalia Earl Manvers 61
Cathleen Malone 2nd C. F. Lahusen 31
Morning Light T. Potter 42
Viscountess Oxford of Ruddington23rd W. Ward 40
Ruddington Fanfare 2nd Dr. Wilson 85
Queen Dorothy Col. Fenwick 70
Lovely Blush Lord Lovat 50
Ruddington Lavender S. Mitchell 70
Summary
Average Total
£ s d £ s d
37 bulls 151 2 10 5592 6 0
78 cows and heifers 158 3 8 12338 10 0
115 head averaged 155 18 2 17929 16 0
9 of the Countess Farewell tribe 522 15 8
9 of the Duchess tribe 249 15 8
Corrections
On page 826 read Sir John Gilmour, Bart.

835 McRoberts, John, J.P.
841 Neston.
843 The Duifryn.
845 Sir John H. Thorold, Bart.
845 Coates.
823
GENERAL INDEX 825
General Index
Acklam Red Rose, 124 Bates and Booth rivalry, 89

Acomb tribe (Bates), 137 Bates herds, 122
Adkins, J. C., 177 Bates, C. J., on early cattle, 7
After the Ketton sale, 64 Bates, cattle sales of, 139
Aislabies of Studley Royal, 14, 35 Bates, T., purchases of Duchesses,
Albion, 97 126, 127
Alloy, Galloway, 55 Bates, Thomas, 121
Althorp, Lord, 75, 83 Bates, Thomas, purchase at Ket-
Ambler, H., 176 ton, 62
Ancestry of British cattle, 2 Bective, Earl of, 208
Ancient cattle customs, 6 Beeston herd, 193
Angus, of Broomley, 228 Bell’s, Thomas, History, 39
Anna by Pilot, 101 Bell-Bates tribes, 136
Anna tribe (Booth), 95, 199 Belleville, 183
Another group of notable breed- Belvedere, 133
ers, 193 Binns, Jonathan, 190
Appleby, of Stanwick, 15 Blackett, Sir Edward, and his herd,
Arbuthnot, Right Hon. Charles, 14
77 Blossoms (Booth), 95
Aylesby purchases for Warlaby, 116, Bolden, S. E., and the Grand Duchesses,
201 203
Ayleshy herd, 199 Bolingbroke, 51
Aylmer, Hugh, of West Dereham Booth breeders, who are?, 119
Abbey, 202 Booth herds, 89
Booth herds down to 1864, 109
Babraham herd (Jonas Webbs), 222 Booth influence in Ireland, 119
Bailey, the Durham historian, 25 Booth, J. B., Killerby, 112
Baker, G., of Elemore, 162 Booth, John, 91
Baker, George, on Hubback’s pedi- Booth, John, of Cotham, 214
gree, 41 Booth, Richard, 91
Bakewell and the Longhorns, 21 Booth, T. C., and Aylesby pur-
Bakewell’s system, 22 chases, 113, 116, 201
Barmpton characteristics, 66 Booth, Thomas, 91
Barmpton herd, 65 Booth, Thomas, purchase at Ket-
Barmpton Roses, 150 ton, 62, 63
Barmpton sales, 69 Booth, W. C., 117
Barmpton to Chilton and Wise- Bos longifrons, 2–4
ton, 73 Bos urus, 2–4
Barmpton tribes, 66, 67 Bower, Major, 62
Barmpton-Chilton period, 74 Bowly, Edward, of Siddington, 216
Barrington tribe (Bates), 137 Boyd Dawkins, views of, 4
Bracelet (Booth), 95, 103, 105 Cleveland Lad, 135

Brandsby herd, 173 Coates’s Herd Book, 53, 79
Brawith Bud (Brawith and Sitty- Coates, George, 51, 161
ton), 180 Cochrane, Hon. M. H., Canada,
Breed, origin of, 1 146
Breeders, another group of notable, Colling Brothers, improvement by,
193 21, 47
Breeds, formation of distinct, 9 Colling period, close of, 69
Bridesmaid (Booth), 110 Colling’s, C., tribes, 56
Bright family (Booth), 95, 199 Colling, Charles, 22, 47
British cattle in Roman times, 2 Colling, Mrs. C., and the Ery-
British cattle, ancestry of, 2 holme purchases, 48
Brothers Colling, 47 Colling, Robert, 22, 47, 65
Broughton tribe (Booth), 101 Collings, the other, 219
Bruere, Raymond, of Braithwaite Comet, thousand guinea bull, 60
Hall, 197 Cotterell’s, Mr., account of early
Buckingham, 105 herds, 70
Bulls by Hubback, 42 Countess tribe (Booth), 95
Butterflies (Towneley), 150 Cows by Hubback, 42
Craggs tribe (Bates), 137
Cadzow cattle, 8 Crofton of Holywell, 186
Calomel tribe (II. Aylmers), 202 Crown Prince, 107–109
Cambridge Roses (Bates), 67, 130 Culley’s testimony, 16
Carperby herd (T. Willis), 230 Culley, George, 15
Carr, Wm., History of Booth herds, Curwen, Mr., 229
73, 91, 120
Cattle, domesticated foundations Daisy or Old Daisy tribe, 58
of, 4 Daisy, or Old Daisy tribe, 125
Celia tribe, 162 Darwin on colour, 8
Celtic shorthorn ox, 2 Darwin, on origin of breeds, 10
Champion, C., of Blyth, 185 Dawkins, Professor Boyd, views of,
Characteristics of Ketton Shorthorns, 4, 8
53, 54 Dawn of improvement, 11
Charge, John, of Newton, 74 Devonshire, Seventh Duke of, 195
Charmers (Knightley), 178 Dinah tribe, 138
Chartley cattle, 8 Distinct breeds, formation of, 9
Cheney, E. H., 210 Dobinson, Michael, and Dutch cat-
Cherry tribe (C. Colling’s), 58 tle, 14, 17
Chillingham white cattle, 8 Domesticated breeds, foundations
Chilton herd, 80 of, 4
Chilton sale (1829), 81 Duchess tribe, 57, 126, 127
Chrisp of Hawkhill and Dodding- Ducie, Earl, purchases at Kirklev-
ton, 171, 229 ington, 136
Christon tribe (Booth), 95 Ducies, Earl, sale, 139
GENERAL INDEX 827
Duke of Northumberland, 129, 139 Foundations of domesticated bteeds,

Durham Cathedral, figure of cow 4
on, 7 Frederick (Towneley sire), 151
Durham ox, 54
Dutch cattle, Culley on, 14, 16 G. tribe (Aylesby), 200
Dutch imports, 17 Gaddesby Hall herd, 210
Galloway, Alloy, 55
Earl of Dublin, 159 Gamble, John, Shouldhamthorpe,
Early breeders of shorthorned cat- 221
tle, 13, 14 Gaudy tribe (Booth), 103
Early references to larger cattle, 6 Georgies (Booth), 99
Early Shorthorns, Culley’s account Golden Shorthorns, Punch on, 142
of, 16 Grand Duchesses, 203, 204
Eastthorpe Strawberries (Aylmers), Grandson of Bolingbroke, 55, 56
202 Greenholme herd, 78
Eastwood, Richard, 153 Group of notable breeders, 193
Ellis, W., on Holderness cattle (1744), Gwynnes, 224
13, 19
Halnaby tribe (Booth), 95
Eryholme and the Maynard cattle,
Harvey Bates tribes, 136
15
Harvey, C. W., Walton-on-the-Hill,
Evidence of old writers, 25
137
Havering Park herd, 206
Fairholme tribes (Booth), 94 Hecubas (Booth), 99
Famous breeders and historic herds, Herd Book, foundation of, 79
149 Holderness cattle, 13
Famous sales of Bates cattle, 139 Holker Hall herd, 195
Farewell tribe (Booth), 101 Homespuns (Booth), 100
Favourite, 49, 52 Hope (Booth), 101
Fawkes, F. H. and A., of Farnley Hopper, J. Mason, 184
Hall, 186 House of Kirklevington, 123
Fawsley herd, 155 House of Warlaby, 91
Fawsley tribes, 157, 158 Housman, R. Fletcher, 181
Field turnip cultivation, 11 Hubback, 37
Financial profit resulting from Short- Hubback’s dam, 40
horns, 1 Hubback’s stock, 41
Firby, 84 Hughes, Prof. McKenny, views, 2
Fletcher tribe (Bell-Bates), 138 Hutchinson, John, of Grassy Nook,
Flora tribe (Booth), 95 29, 76
Flower tribe (Aylesby), 199
Foggathorpe tribe (Bates), 134 Ibbetson, Sir H. Carr, 62
Foljambe, 51 Importations to Ireland from Chilton,
Formation of distinct breeds, 9 82
Foundation of Herd Book, 79 Importations, Dutch, 18
Improved Shorthorn branches out Longhorn and Shorthorn, struggle

from Hubback, 41 between, 20
Improvement by the brothers Colling, Lonsdale, late Earl of, 229
21, 47 Lord Lieutenant, 106
Improvement of English husbandry, Low, Professor, on ancient cattle,
9 5
Improvement of varieties, 12
Improvement, dawn of, 11 M. tribe (Aylesby), 200
Improvement, systematic, 31 Madaline tribe, 103
Irish purchases at Chilton, 82 Manralini tribe (Booth), 95
Isabella tribe (Booth), 101 Marjoribanks, Stewart, Bushey Grove,
Jamieson, Dr. T. F., on Lenton, 217
Ury, Sittyton, other herds, Markham, Gervaise, on early cat-
163 tle, 12
Jaques, R. M., 188 Marshal Beresford, 97
Jobling, T. and W., 228 Marshall’s testimony, 25, 26
Jobson of Turvelaws, 228 Mason’s, C., herd at Chilton, 80
Jolly’s bull, 49 Matchem, 83
Jupiter, stories about the bull, 86 Matchem cow, 131
Maynard’s Favourite, 15, 49
Ketton 1st, 129 Maynard’s, J. C., description of Favourite
Ketton 2nd, 129 , 52
Ketton herd, 52 Maynard, A. L., 174
Ketton sale (1810), 58 Maynard, J. C., 175
Ketton sale, after the, 64 Maynard, John, of Eryholme, 15,
Killerby and Warlaby tribes, 94 49
Killerby herd, 91 McConnell, P., on geological influ-
Killerby sale (1886), 118 ences, 10
Kirklevington sale (1850), 135, 136 McIntosh, D., Havering Park, 206
Kirklevington tribe (Bates), 138 McKenny Hughes, Prof., opinions,
Kirklevington tribes, 126 2
Kirklevington, House of, 123 Milbank of Barningham, 14, 31
Knightley, Sir Charles, 155 Milbank tribe (Coates’s), 161
Lady Maynard tribe, 15, 56 More about the Pioneers, 32
Lancaster tribe (Wilkinsons), 164, More about Warlaby, 105
165 Moss Rose tribe (Booth), 100
Larger cattle, early references to, Musical tribe (E. Bowlys), 217
6
Lavender tribe (Lenton and Sitty- Northallerton tribe (Bates), 138
ton), 165 Northumberland breeders, 228
Lax, Thomas, 188 Northumberland, Duke of, and Stan-
Lenton herd, 163 wick cattle, 14
Leonard, 100, 104 Notable breeders, 193
GENERAL INDEX 829
Observations on live stock (Cul- Red Rose tribe (Bates), 124

ley’s), 15 Riby family (Booth), 95, 199
Old Daisy tribe, 58, 125 Rich, Stiles, Didmarton, 220
Old Red Rose (Booth), 95 Richard Barker’s bull, 51
Old writers, evidence of, 25 Rival houses of Bates and Booth,
Origin of the breed, 1 89
Owen’s, Sir Richard, views on ori- Robertson, Wm., on early Short-
gin of cattle, 2 horns, 28
Oxford Premium Cow, 131 Rosy tribe (Knightley), 157
Oxford Roses, 138 Ruby tribe (Knightley), 157
Oxford tribe (Bates), 131, 132 Rudd, Major, 61
Rutimeyer on ancient cattle, 3
Paley, W. F., 219
Parlour, Wm., on Early Shorthorns,
43 Sale of Bates cattle, 139, 141
Parrington, T. W., 133 Sales: Aylesby, 116, 200
Patriot, 161 Sales: Babraham, 223
Pawlett, T. E., Beeston, 193 Sales: Barmpton, 68
Pedigree of Hubback, 37, 38 Sales: Bates cattle, 141
Pennyman, Sir James, 14 Sales: Beeston, 194
Phoenix, measurements of, 52 Sales: Blencow, 225, 226
Pigot, Lady Emily, 212 Sales: Bushey Grove, 218
Pilot, 98, 99 Sales: Chilton, 81
Pioneers, 15, 32 Sales: Didmarton, 220
Place tribe (Bates), 138 Sales: Fawsley, 161
Primrose tribe (Knightley), 157 Sales: Holker, 195, 197
Princess tribe, 32, 51, 66, 67 Sales: Ketton, 58
Prizes and prices of Kirklevington Sales: Killerby, 118
Shorthorns, 139 Sales: Kirklevington, 135, 136
Prothero, R. O., on provision of Sales: Lenton, 165
winter food, 11 Sales: Studley, 104
Punch on the “Golden Shorthorns”, Sales: Tortworth, 139
142 Sales: Towneley, 152
Purchase of Lady Maynard, 48 Sales: Underley, 210
Purchasers at Ketton, 61 Sales: Warlaby, 118
Purchasers at Kirklevington, 139 Sales: Wynyard Park, 75
Purchasers of Comet, 60 Satellite, 81
Saunders, R. W., Nunwick Hall,
Queens (Warlaby), 107
226
Quickley tribe (Knightley), 156, 157
Second Hubback, 124
Quintin, Sir Wm. St., Scampston,
14 Sharter, Mr., and Studley Bull, 14,
31
Raines, the, 75 Shorthorn Circular, 15, 40
Red Rose tribe, 67 Shorthorn Herd Book, 79
Shorthorned cattle mentioned in will Thornton’s Shorthorn Circular, 15

of 1400, 7 Thousand guineas bull, Comet, 60
Shorthorned or Dutch cattle, 16 Torr, W., of Aylesby, 199
Shorthorns in England, 47 Tortworth Court Sale (1853), 139
Siddington herd, 216 Towneley, Colonel, 149
Siddington tribe, 217 Townshend, Viscount, and turnip
Simpson, Hon. J. B., of Babworth, cultivation, 12
56, 77 Tribes, some of C. Colling’s, 56
Sir Thomas Fairfax, 187 tripes, Mr. Pickering’s cow, 51
Sir Walter, 186 Troutbeck, Ewan, of Blencow, 224
Small Celtic shorthorn ox, 2 Tull, Jethro, and the seed drill, 11
Smith, W., West Rasen, 227
Smithson family, 14 Underley Hall herd, 208
Snowdon’s bull, 39 Unthank, J. of Netherscales, 189
Sockburn Shorthorns, 76 Usurer, 85
Spectator, 165, 166 Vespers (Bruere’s), 198
Spencer, Earl, and the Wiseton herd, Vivandiere (Booth’s), 110
83
St. Albans, 81 Waistell, of Great Burdon, 15, 35
Staniforth, Rev. T., 211 Walnut tribe (Knightley), 156
Stawberry and Halnaby tribe (Booth), Warlaby herd, 91
95 Warlaby sale (1886), 118
Stephenson’s Princess tribe, 33 Warlaby, more about, 105
Stephensons Princess tribe, 51 Warlaby, thirty years after the be-
Storer, Rev. John, on Wild White ginning, 96
Cattle, 6 Waterloo tribe (Bates), 132, 133
Storrs Hall herd, 211 Watkin, Mr. Plumpton, 226
Strafford, H., and Herd Book, 80 Watson, H., of Walkeringham, 185
Strickland, Miss, 216 Webb, Jonas, Babraham, 222
Struggle between Longhorns and Weights of early Shorthorn cattle,
Shorthorns, 20 24
Studley Bull, 32 Welsh laws as to cattle, 6
Studley bull, 14, 31 West Dereham Abbey herd, 202
Studley bull to Bubback, 35 Wetherell, W., 169
Studley herd (Booth’s), 91 Whitaker, Jonas, of Greenholme,
Studley Royal Shorthorns, 14 78
Studley sale, 104 White Heifer that Travelled, 69
Summary of introductory chapter, Wild Eyes tribe (Bates), 133, 134
29 Wild white cattle, 6, 8
Systematic improvements, 31 Wildair tribe (R. Colling’s), 66, 67
Wiley, Sam, of Branshy, 173
Tankerville family, 8 Wilkinson of Lenton, 163
Teeswater cattle, 25 Will Honeycomb, 165, 166
Tempest, Sir Henry Vane, 34, 75 Willis, T., Carperby, 230
GENERAL INDEX 831
Wilson, B., of Brawith, 180

Winter food for cattle, 11
Wiseton herd, 83
Wood, John, Stanwick Park, 213
Woodford Lodge herd, 78
Wright, John, on early Shorthorns,
15, 54
Wynyard sale (1813), 75
Yellow Cow tribe, 67
Zeal tribe, 168

Zetland, Second Earl of, 183
Index of Existing Herds in the United Kingdom

History of Shorthorn Cattle

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History of Shorthorn Cattle

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History of Shorthorn cattle

Version Date Comments

The version number is in the form x.y.z. The number x = 0, or 1; when

0 Inclusion of material and high level structuring.

from completing a particular milestone. There are twenty chapters in the

It will be generally acknowledged that the development and spread of Im-

cal description and biographical notices of eminent breeders in all countries,

requirements of a steadily growing population, as well as on account of their

1 Origin of the breed 1

3 The brothers Colling 47

3.10 Barmpton Tribes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

4 From Barmpton to Chilton and Wiseton 73

5 The Booth herds 89

6 The Bates herds 121

7 Famous early breeders and historic herds 149

7.15 Mr. Robert Fletcher Housman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

8 Another group of notable breeders 193

9 Landmarks - prominent herds 233

10 Herds in England past 285

11 The breed in Scotland 347

12 The breed in Ireland 459

13 The breed abroad 521

13.1.5 The Ohio Company’s importations and the founda-

14 Some impressive sires 1863-1898 595

15 Registration and literature 607

16 The breed in the show-yard 621

17 Characteristics of the breed 655

18 Systems of management 685

19 Review of progress 723

20 Existing herds in the United Kingdom 741

A Some historic sales 777

6.1 Comparison of prices at Kirklevington sale and Tortworth sale 140

7.1 Summary of Fawsley sale, 1856 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

11.1 Buyers of females of the Sittyton herd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

13.1 Exportations of Shorthorns 1882-1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

15.1 Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Shorthorn Society 1875-

19.1 Summary of home sales of Shorthorns in the United Kingdom

Origin of the breed

History of Improved Shorthorn Cattle, while it must appeal chiefly to breed-

1.1 Ancestry of British cattle

1.2 Foundations of domesticated breeds

The ancient Britons, it is known, when their country was over-

The opinions here stated as a reasonable explanation of the origin of

for the improvement of cattle. There is to be found a good deal of leg-

1.3 Early references to larger cattle

of Great Britain: an account of their origin, history, and present state. By

of Northumberland. But it is probable, according to the same authority, that

1.4 Formation of distinct breeds

to improvement of live stock. As Mr. R. E. Prothero remarks,* No open-field

of the present writer. On this special subject he dwells on the influence

1.5 The dawn of improvement

1.6 Provision of winter food

1.7 Improvement of varieties

I think fittest in this place, where I intend to treat of horned cat-

1.8 Early breeders of short-horned cattle

Then there is a well-supported tradition that the family of Smithson had

1.9 Cully’s testimony

the Continent. First, because they still, in many places, are

It is a fact that as soon as we cross the Yorkshire wolds northward

1.10 The Dutch importations

1.11 Struggle between Shorthorns and Longhorns

both kinds may have their particular advantages in different situ-

I am glad to find my hopes have been well founded, because,