II Sem B.a-b.Sc Common Course - Hindi - Trans.& Commn. in Hindi

TRANSLATION AND
COMMUNICATION IN HINDI
STUDY MATERIAL
II SEMESTER B.A/B.Sc.
COMMON COURSE-HINDI
CU-CBCSS
2014 ADMISSION
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Calicut university P.O, Malappuram, Kerala, India 673 635.
515
School of Distance Education
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Study material
II SEMESTER
B.A/B.Sc
COMMON COURSE IN HINDI
TRANSLATION AND COMMUNICATION IN HINDI

Prepared by
SMT.VANAJA K.G.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF HINDI
ZAMORINS GURUVAYOORAPPAN COLLEGE,
CALICUT-14
Edited and Scrutinised by

DR. N. GIRIJA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HINDI

GOVT. ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE
KOZHIKODE
Type settings & Lay out

Computer Section, SDE
Reserved
Translation and Communication in Hindi
Page 2
Prescribed Texts
1.
+xn B S*
2.
x xn Eh il Sx*-
b. {x Sxn ]bx
V{ Bhb xV |Ex
Eh {b*
E M |Ex
Total Marks 100 (80+20)

Total Module- 5
Module 1 & 2
Module 3,4 & 5
+xn B S
x xn Eh il Sx*
Module I
1.
Y 2.
M 3. Sx 4. x 5. EE
E EE Sx 7. G 8. G E {xi E
Module II
1.
+xn : +l, i + |MEi*

+xn : |G, |E, + E]*
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
6. Y
+ x
Module III
+xnE E Mh B ni*
S (VxS) + +xn*
Module IV
b xv |J {E n (+OW xn )*
+xn (+OW xn )*
Page 3
Page 4
MODULE -I
I.
Q. 1.
Y E { ni B =E n { |E bB*
Y E n V E H, i, lx, Mh E x E
v * =n:- x, {iE, {b, Eh +n*
Y E Ji: ix n H SE 2. Vi SE + SE Y*
H SE Y
V Y E H i lx E v i , = H SE Y Ei
*
=n:- E, MM, , n +n*
H SE Y E H, i lx E v i *
Vi SE Y
V Y BE Vi E i |h +l {nl E v i = Vi
SE Y Ei *
V- x, xn, {il, +n*
SE Y
V Y E {nl E Mh, +l +l { E v Ei , SE
Y Ei *
V- , J, b<, xi, f{, <, S +n*
SE Y E xi ?
SE Y J { ix |E E n xi *
Vi SE Y -x-xi, f-f{. cE-cE{x, -, x*
G - Jx-J; cx- c<, nbx-nb, Px-P]*
h - E-E{x; `hb- `b, M- M, xn- xni, -*
1.
1.
2.
3.
Q. 2.
1.
2.
3.
Q. 3.
n SE Y + p SE Y C ii{ ?
V Y |h +l {nl E n E v Ei , = n
SE Ei *
V- , b, Zhb, x +n*
Page 5
Q.4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Q.5.
Q.6.
pSE Y- V Y E u E p {nl E v i =
pSE Y Ei *
V- x-Sn, i, n +n*
nx Y Vi SE Y E +xiMi +i * +i& <x xn + E<
+M +ii x*
xx Ji Y n E n i<B*
, M{, +xn- HSE Y*
x, cE, {i- ViSE Y*
, J, +v =V- SE Y*
, {x, x, Sn- pSE Y*
xx Ji n SE Y x<Bx-xi* cE-cE{x*
S-S* M-M*
Vx-Vx* -x*
Jx-J* Sgx-Sf*
=ix-=i* x-<*
x-* Sx-S*
n-nM* `-`*
E-E{x* J-J*
Si-Si<* n&J-n&J*
Y+ E {xi C ii{ ? =nh nE Z<B*
M, Sx + EE E Eh Y+ V E i , =x Y+ E {xi
Ei *
=n:- cE-cE-cE-cE, cE x, cE E +n*
II
Q.1.
M C ii{ ? <E Eix n ?

Y E V { E |h +l i E Vi E v i = M Ei
* xn n M i -{M + jM*
{M E Ei ? = {Sxx E EU x i<B*
V n { Vi E v Ei , =x {M Ei *
V- cE, , , +n*
Q.2.
Page 6
{M n xx E x:1.
xn E +Exi n {M i V- E{c, +], Vi, Ui +n*
2.
vi+, O, {b, {b + ix E x {M i *
V- x, , Sxp, Mn, E], S, +n*
3.
x il nx E x {M i *
V- Sj, J, +g, , +n*
4.
p, n, V, xM, il M E x {M *
V- + M, i, EEk, Sz, O +n*
5.
+, {x, i +n +xi x SE Y {M i *
V- , f{, S{x, xi +n*
6.
+x +xi x Eixi E Y {M i *
V- Mx, x, Jx-{x +n*
7.
|: +Exi Y {M i *
V-P, V, l, vx, {b +n*
8.
+xV E x {M i *
V- M, V, S, Sx +n*
9.
|: p {nl {M i *
V- {x, i, nv, n, P +n*
Q.3. j M E Ei ? = {Sxx E EU J x i<B*
V n j Vi E v Ei , =x j M Ei *
V- cE, , SS, x, lx +n*
j M xx E x
1.
xn E |: <Exi n jM *
V- ]], S]<, S{<, M, ]{ +n*
+{n- i, n, {x, V +n*
2.
+ E x jM i *
V- xn, +OW, +, +n*
3.
xn E x jM i *
V-MM, E, x, xv +n*
4.
Vx Y+ E +xi +< , jM *
V- {g<, x< +n*
Page 7
], ], +, ] +n +xi x SE Y jM
i *
V- J], x], P] +n*
+{n- {], P], PP] +n*
6.
il + xIj E x |: jM i *
V-|l, ui, +x, EkE +n*
7.
Vx E x |: jM i *
V- ], n, iE, , { +n* +{n-i, , bb +n*
8.
Ex E x jM i *
V- M, <S, { +n*
Q.4. {M n jM xx E EU J x x<B*
{M jM xx E x
1.
|hSE +Exi il +Exi {M n E +xi + + + E
lx { < |i Mx =xE jM { xi *
V-cE-cE* ]-]* SS-SS* Pb-Pb* nn-nn* xx- xx*
2.
EU +Exi Y+ E +xi + E < E nx =xE jM {
xi *
V- Ek-Ei* S-S]]*
f-f* ]- ]*
3.
vE {M n E +xi <x |i Mx jM x Vi *
Vx<- x<x* -x*
v- vx* i- ix
E- Ex* x- xx*
4.
EU +Exi Y+ E +xi x il +x |i Vbx jM n
xi * V- x* -x* >]->]x*
-x* `-`x* V`-V`x*
xE-xEx* n-nx*
5.
EU Y+ E +xi +<x |i Vbx =xE jM { xi * Vx- x<x* M- M+<x
{bi-{bi<x* Sv- Sv<x*
-<x* S-S<x*
È-È<x*
5.
Page 8
6.
7.
8.
Q.5.
6.
7.
Ei xn + {M n E jM { v Ei E x E
+x i * Vux- n* tl-tlx*
{j-{j* |-|* E-E*
{V-{V*
xn E +xE {M n E jM { E z i * V<-x* {-j* n-+i*
i- {i* -v* {-*
EU {M n E { j SE n VbE jM n xi *
V- E+-n E+* b-n b*
{È-j {È* n- n*
xx Ji n E M {ix EVB* (M nB)
x-x* ux-n* {i-i*
Ek-Ei* l- lx* -x*
-x* =`-=]x* E-Ex
S-S<x* {bi-{bi<x* -x*
M-M+<x* -M* -*
-* - ( )*
n-M* ]-Z*
xn-xnh* xM-xMx*
{-{h* -v* -*
SS-SS* x-x<*
-* xxn-xxn<* V-x*
-x* v-vx*
EU {M n i<B*
{, Vx, x, , {x, xix, |, x, xn, P, Ex, I, v,
S, x], +xi +n*
EU jM n i<B*
i, ], V`x, , ], b, Sb, , Ei, i, +i,
v, x], i, M, , {h, Sn, J] +n*
Page 9
III
Q.1.
Q.2.
Q.3.
Q.4.
Q.5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sx
Sx E Ei ? =E Eix n ?
Y E V { J E v = Sx Ei * xn n Sx -BE
Sx + Sx*
BE Sx C i ?
Y E V { BE {nl H E v = BESx Ei * VcE, cE, i, xn, +n*
Sx E Ei ?
Y E V { BE +vE {nl H E v = Sx Ei
* V-cE, {iE, , , Sb +n*
Sx |H EU n i<B*
+, |h, M, +`, nx, b +n*
H i Y+ E BE Sx Sx xx E x i<B*
Sx xx E x i<B*
+Exi {M n E +xi E + E B E nx Sx xi * VcE-cE* Ek-Ek* E{c-E{c* {k-{k*
+Exi jM n + E lx { B Vbx Sx xi * Vi-i* Ei-Ei* i-i* +J-+J*
+Exi jM n + E n B Vbx { Sx xi *
V- i-iB* Ex-ExB*
i-iB* v-vB*
-B*
+Exi {M n E UcE {M n nx Sx x i *
V-M-M* xn-xn* x-x*
E-E* {-{* P-P*
<Exi jM n E +xi E Vbx Sx xi *
V- i-i* j- j
il-il* -*
h- h* Vi-Vi*
<Exi jM n < E xE Vcx Sx xi * VcE-cE* xn-xn* j- j* J-J*
Page 10
7.
8.
9.
Q.6.
1.
2.
3.
IV
Q.1.
Exi jM n E +xi Sxpxn ME Sx { xi *

V- Sb- Sb*
Mb-Mb*
= Exi il >Exi Y+ E +xi B Vcx Sx xi * > i
x Vi *
V- i-iB* v-vB* -B*
EU BE Sx Y+ E l jh, xn, M, Vx +n VbE Sx
xi *
V-{È-{ÈMh* +v{E-+v{E xn* ux-ux M* uxuVVx*
H-i { E Sx xx E x i<B*
Ei E UcE +x + Exi, +Exi + BExi Y+ +xi
E + E nx Sx xi *
V- l - l * +J -+J * Ek x- Ek x*
Ei E +Exi il Ei-xn E =Exi, >Exi, +Exi +
+Exi Y+ E Sx xx E B +xi + Vb Vi *
V- i {-i+ {* i - i+ * { E-{+ E*
<Exi il <Exi Y+ E Sx xx E B +xi Vb
Vi * < Exi Y+ E EE Vb Vi *
V- x -x * xn - xn *
tl E- tl E*
x
x E { JE =E n { |E bB*
x E n , V Y E {xH E n Ex E B =E +l
|H i * V x Eh E E*
i E M* + i x *
x E U n 1. {SE x
2. xVSE x
3. xS SE x
4. +xS SE x 5. xv SE x 6. |x SE x*
Page 11
{ SE x:V x E u x E, xx E +l V H E xv Vi
, =E v , = { SE x Ei *
{ SE x E ix n 1.
=k { 2. v { + 3. +x {*
=k {:x Jx H E Si Ex x E =k { x
Ei *
V- , *
v {:i +li xx {fx E Si Ex x E v {
x Ei *
V- i, i, +{*
+x { x:VE E V V +l J V =E B |H x
E +x { x Ei *
V- , , , *
Q.2. { SE x E |M Ex Ex i { vx nx SB?
1.
x Sx * i E E BESx <E |M E Vi
* b-b +vE, {nE +{x b{x E |E] Ex E B E lx {
E |M Ei *
V- +n ni E .....
2.
+ Sx x * Ex b + +nh H E B
, E lx { , E |M Ei *
V- (]{i) +V ] E x xn |i EM*
3.
i BE Sx + Sx nx |Ei i * V, i i xM?
SS, i Ex xM?
4.
i x E |M +{x i U] E B E Vi E E xn
Ex E B* E E xn Ex E B*
V- i S{ i E x?
], i `*
5.
+{ Sx + +n nJx E B BESx E { |M E Vi *
V- {iV, +{ + V<B*
1.
Page 12
II.
Q.3.
Q.4.
Q.5.
Q.6.
xV SE x:V x E x +{x +{ E |H E V = xV SE x
Ei *
V- +{ E EM*
v +{ Mb Si *
+{x +{ S M*
xV SE +{ + {SE +{ C +xi ?
xV SE x +{ { SE x +{ E z * {
SE x +{ E |M E v { i * Ex xVSE
+{ E |M ix { i * { SE x +{ E |M
Sx i + <E |M ij { C +E |H i *
{xi xV SE +{ BE Sx + E E =E |M +{x n
|H i * E +{ E lx { +{x n |H i *
xS SE + +xS SE x C ii{ ?
xS SE x E xSi H {nl E Si Ei *
V- cE* M*
E* SS*
V x E xSi H +l i E v x , = +l i E
v x , = +xS SE x Ei *
V- nJ, nW { E< Jb *
E< , Z Sx EB*
xv SE x C ii{ ?
V x n H E i+ E +{ xv ii = xv
SE x Ei *
V- V {fM, { M*
V + , < *
|x SE x C ?
V x |x Ex E B +i , = |x SE x Ei *
V- Ex Jb ?
i C SB*
Page 13
EE
EE E { nE =E n { |E bB*
Y x E V { C E +x n E l =E xv |E]
= EE Ei *
V- +v{E x tl E {g* x + E Y+ E {{
xv E |E] Ex EE { *
xn +` EE + =x |E] Ex n E H Sx Ei *
1. Ei EE- x* 2. E EE- E
3. Eh EE- *
4. |nx EE- E, E B, E i* 5. +{nx EE-*
6. xv EE- E, E, E* 7. +vEh EE- , {*
8. vx EE- +, , .....*
1.
Ei EE:Y x E V { E Ex E v i , = Ei EE Ei
* EiEE E H x , Exi x H E <E |M i *
V- x h E *
v Mi *
2.
E EE:G E { E V H +l i { {ci , =E v Ex
EE E E EE Ei * VE H E * E-E E EE H
| i *
=n:- i SS E ffi *
nv {i *
Eh EE:Y x E V { G E vx E v i = Eh Eh
Ei * <E H *
=n:- cE E Ji *
SE Eq E]i *
|nx EE:VE EU n V VE B EU E V =E v Ex EE
E |nx EE Ei * <E H E, E B, E i *
=n:- {iV x Z (Z E) { n*
x SS E B nv Jn*
E i +*
Q.1.
Page 14
+{nx EE:Y x E V { {lEi +M |E] , = +{nx EE

Ei * <E H *
=n:- n i M {b*
cE E ] *
xv EE:Y x E V { n i E l =E xv i , =
xv EE Ei * <E H Sx E, E, E *
=n:- E P *
i E SS *
{iE *
+vEh EE:Y x E V { G +l Y E +v E v , =
+vEh EE Ei * + { <E H *
=n:- = P V i *
x Ei = W { J l*
vx EE:Y E V { E E {Ex +l Six E v i , = vx
EE Ei * <E Sx + + +n V Y E +n Mi *
=n:- ! + n]!
VI Y+ E EE- Sx
Y+ H E Mx { =xE { E +Ei i , i E Ei i *
z Y+ E EE Sx
1.
Ei EE- (x)
BESx
Sx
Pb- Pb x*
Pb, Pb x
SS, SS x*
SS, SS x
E, E x*
EB, E+ x
f, g x*
g, g x
], ] x*
], ] x
Page 15
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
E EE - (E)
Pb E* Pb E*
SS E* SS E*
E E* E+ E*
f E* f+ E*
] E* ] E*
Eh EE - ()
cE, cE * cE, cE *
xn, xn * xn, xn *
x, x * x, x *
, * B, + *
{i, {i * {i, {i+ *
|nx EE - (E, E B)
cE E * cE E*
xn E * xn E*
x E * x E*
E * + E*
{i E * {i+ E*
+{nx EE - ()
j, j * j, j *
Ei, Ei * EiB, Ei+ *
tl, tl * tl, tl *
+J, +J * +J, +J *
Ek, Ek * Ek, Ek *
xv EE - (E, E, E)
j E, j E, j E* j E, j E, j E*
Ei E, Ei E, Ei E* Ei+ E, Ei+ E, Ei+ E*
tl E, tl E, tl E* tl E, tl E, tl E*
+J E, +J E, +J E* +J E, +J E, +J E*
Ek E, Ek E, Ek E* Ek E, Ek E, Ek E*
Page 16
7.
8.
1.
::i:i:+{:::::E<: -
+vEh EE - (, {)
i, i ({)* iB, i+ ({)*
E{b, E{b ({)* E{b, E{b ({)*
i, i ({)* i, i ({)*
|h, |h , |h {* |h Sx *
vx EE - (, +, +)
E- E (E)*
x- x*
f- f*
J- J*
|- |*
x E EE-Sx
, , i, i, +{, , , V, , E<, Ex +n x E EE-Sx
< |E x, ZE (Z) Z , , , , Z , Z {*
x, E () , , , , , {*
i x, iZ E (iZ), iZ , i, i, i, iZ , iZ {*
i x, i E (i), i , i, i, i, i , i {*
+{ x, +{ E, +{ , +{ E, +{ E, +{ E, +{ , +{ {*
=x, =E (=), =, =E, =E, =E, =, = {*
=xx, =xE (=x), =x , =xE, =xE, =xE, =x , =x{*
<x, <E (<), <, <E, <E, <E, <, <{*
<xx, <xE (<x), <x, <xE, <xE, <xE, <x , <x {*
E x (BESx)* Ex x (Sx)*
E E*
Ex E*
E *
Ex *
E E*
Ex E*
E E*
Ex E*
E E*
Ex E*
E *
Ex *
E {*
Ex {*
Page 17
V:- V x*
V E*
V*
VE*
VE*
VE*
V *
V {*
:- i x*
i E*
i *
i E*
iE*
iE*
i {*
i *
Ex:- E x*
E E (E)*
E *
E E*
EE*
EE*
E *
E {*
xV SE:- +{*
+{:- +{x E, +{x ,
Vx x*
VxE (Vx)*
Vx *
VxE*
VxE*
VxE*
Vx *
Vx {*
ixx*
ix E (ix)*
ix *
ix E*
ix E*
ix E*
ix {*
ix *
Exx*
Ex E (Ex)*
Ex *
Ex E*
Ex E*
Ex E*
Ex *
Ex {*
+{x, +{x, +{x, +{x , +{x {*
Page 18
VII
G E Ei ? vi C ii{ ?
= E n E G Ei V E E E Ex x Z VB*
V-+x, Vx, Jx, {x, nbx +n*
Vx n GB xi , =x vi Ei * vi x VbE G E
x { xi *
V- {g + x- {gx* J + x- Jx* Sg + x- Sgx +n*
Q. 2. Ei + E C ii{{ ?
G E Ex E Ei Ei ; G E Ei ]E V{ {ci =
E Ei *
=n:- {iE {gi * < Ei , {iE E + {gi
G *
Q. 3. E E +x G E Eix n ? Z<B*
E E +x G E n n * 1. EE 2. +EE*
EE G:V G E Ei { x {bE E { {bi = EE G Ei *
VMi x + J* M{ xn Ji *
+EE G:V G E Ei { {ci = +EE G Ei * VcE xSi * SS i *
Q. 4. uEE G E Ei ?
EU G B Vx +l E {hi E B n E E +Ei i *
B G+ E uEE GB Ei * V x SS E Ex x<* < SS E + Ex nx E *
Q. 1.
i{k E +x G E Eix n ? C C ? Z<B*

i{k E +x G E n { :- 1. vi 2. ME vi*
vi:V vi n vi+ ij E |H vi Ei * V+, V, {g, J, {, J, S +n*
Q. 5.
Page 19
ME vi:V vi, +x vi+ xi i , ME vi Ei * VM M* =` =`, =`, E E + E +n*

Q. 6. ME vi E Eix |E i ?
ME vi S |E E - |hlE, xvi, H E + E G*
|hlE G:V G E { Ei E x EE E Ex E |h ni , =
|hlE G Ei * VEx, x, Jx, {gx +n*
xvi G:G E +iH +x n (Y h +n) |i VcE V G
x< Vi , = xvi G Ei *
V- M-Mx* l-lx*
+{x-+{xx* n&J- nJx* -x*
H G:n n +vE vi+ E xx GB H GB Ei *
V- J Vx* J nx* S =`x,S =`x* E nx +n*
E G:J G E { E { Ex GB E GB Ei * E BE
G + E BE +vE GB E i * E GB Vbx J G
E +l n Vi *
=n:- Vi * S l*
Q. 7. |hlE G xx E J x C-C ?
1.
EE vi E nP E EE vi + VcE G&
uEE G + |hlE G x Vi * V G
uEE
|hlE
{x
{x
{x
Jx
Jx
Jx
Vx
Vx
Vx*
2.
vi + + Vbx G& uEE il |hlE G xi * V{gx
{gx
{gx
Sx
Sx
Sx
xx
xx
xx*
Page 20
ix +I EU +EE vi+ E n +I E nP EE EE G il
ii h E +M x Vbx |hlE G xi * V+EE G
EE G
|hlE G
SEx
SEx
SEx
ic{x
ic{x
ic{x
xEx
xEx
xEx
(xEx)
4. EU +EE vi+ E |l +I E nP EE EE il vi VbE
|hlE G x< Vi * V]x
]x
]x
x
x
x
E]x
E]x
E]x*
5. EU +EE vi+ EE il |hlE G xx xSi x x * Vbx
bx
bx
]]x
ibx
ibx
]x
cx
bx
Q. 8. H G E z { { |E bB:H G E xx Ji { * 1.
+ vE:E G E + x E v i * Mh G-Mx*
=n:- x M* cE Mx M*
2.
{i vE:E G E {i E v i * Mh G-SEx
V- J SE* J SE*
3.
H vE:< E E Ex E H E v i * Mh G-Ex*
V- i Ei * M Ei *
4.
xS vE:V G E E E xSi { Ex x E v , = xS
vE Ei * Mh G- =`x, {bx* V =`* SS M {b*
5.
+E vE:V G E x{z Ex E B +E E v = +E vE Ei
* Mh G-{x* V E {g {* SS S x {*
3.
Page 21
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
VIII
Q. 1.
Q. 2.
+xi vE:V G E ExE +xi n Vx E v , = +xi vE Ei

* Mh G-nx*
V- Z {fx n* x SS E Jx n*
xii vE:V E E xii =E xn x x E |E] , = xii vE G
Ei * Mh G- Vx, x* V S * SS i M*
+Ei vE:V E E +Ei Ei E v , = +Ei vE G Ei
* Mh G- SB, {bx, x*
V- Z h nx {b*
+V Z Vx SB*
Z E < Vx *
<SU vE:< G E Ex E <SU |E] i * Mh G- Sx*
V {gx Si *
M Vx Si *
+ vE:< G E Ex E + E v i * Mh G- Ex*
V- {g Ei * n V Ei *
{xH G:V n xlE x vx G+ E M i , i =x {xH
G Ei *
V- i-Vi, vi-i +n*
G E {xi E
E E Ei ? =E Eix n ?
G E V { =E x Ex E { V = E Ei *
E ix |E E - iE, ix E + i E*
iE C ii{ ? =E n E nh Z<B*
G E V { i B E v , = iE Ei * =E U& n
i *
1. x i 2. +z i 3. nMv i 4. {h i 5. +{h i + 6.
iin i*
Page 22
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
x i:G E V { iE E E E xS x i, = x
iE Ei *
V- S, J, {, nb +n*
G vi E l +, <, B, B Vbx x iE { xi * V
{- {, {, {, {*
+- +, +, +, +*
+z iE:G E V { Z V E G E { E i +vE x
+ , = +z i E Ei * x i E G E l , , ,
Vbx +z iE { xi *
V- S , S , S , S *
S , S , S , S *
nMv iE:G E V { iE E x EU n |E] = nMv iE Ei
* x iE { E l M, M, M, M, M, M Vbx nMv
iE xi *
V- S M* S M*
nJ M* nJ M*
{ M* { M*
{h iE:G E V { E =E { E {i B i i
SE , {h iE Ei * x iE E l l, l, l, l
Vbx {h iE G xi * VnJ l, nJ l, nJ l, nJ l*
{ l, { l, { l, { l*
+{h iE:G E V { Vx V E G iE l, { =E
{i E {i x M, +{h iE Ei * G vi E l i l,
i l, i l, i l l, l, l, l Vbx +{h iE
{ xi *
V- Si l, Si l, Si l, Si l*
+ l, + l, + l, + l*
Page 23
6.
Q. 3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Q. 4.
1.
i i n iE:G E V { { V E E E iE x l, Exi
E Eh x { (x E), = i i n iE Ei * vi E
+M M-Sx E +x i, i, i, i Vbx i in iE xi *
+M...i n....i E |M C i * Vn i +i i Vi*
+M {fi i { i*
x E x nh Z<B*
Ei EE x E |M x, +z, nMv + {h iE E EE G
E Ei E l i * V x {iE {f*
Ei E l x Mi G E E M, Sx E +x ni * Vi x E{b Jn*
Ei E l x + E E l E Mx G {M BESx
i *
E, SE, {b, M +n E G Mx { x E |M x i* V E Ex M*
v {` {f SE*
=E Jx {b*
Mi M E*
, , +n xi +EE G C + i Ei E l x E
|M x i* V * Ei *
v M*
ix E E Ei ? =E Eix n ?
G E V { ix G { E {z x E v =
ix E Ei * ix E E ix n - x ix, nMv ix
+ iiEE ix*
x ix E:G E { V x { G E ix E x { V,
x ix Ei * G vi E l {, M + Sx E +x
i , i , i , i , i , i , i , i Vbx x ix E
xi * V {fi * i i *
() {fi * () i *
Page 24
2.
3.
Q. 5.
1.
2.
nMv ix E:G E { V ix E G E x n { V, nMv

ix Ei * G vi E l {, M + Sx E +x i M,
i M, i M, i M, i M, i M Vbx nMv ix E xi *
V +i M* i +i M*
() +i M* () +i M*
iiEE ix E:G E {, V E G E { + W , +{h
iiEE ix Ei * G vi E l { M + Sx E +x
, , , , , , , Vbx iiEE
ix xi * V J * i J *
() J * () J *
i E E Ei ? =E Eix n ?
G E V { +x E E v = i E Ei * <E n
n - x i + i*
x i E:G E { V x i G E +M x E Sx , x
i Ei * G vi E l {, M + Sx E +x >M,
>M, +M, +M, BM, BM, BM, BM Vbx x i xi * V +=M* i SM*
cE JM* cE JM*
n + vi+ E { B nM, nM, nM, nM, nM, nM, nM, nM*
M, M, M, M, M, M, M, M*
i E:G E V { G-{ E i E x E x { V,
= i E Ei * x i E E M, M, M E
{lE Ex i xi * V< I E*
+V n {x *
+xn +>*
Page 25
MODULE II
+xn B S
I
+xn, +l, i + |MEi
1.
+xn E +l + { {] EVB*
+xn n x - +x + n * Ei Eh E +x n vi E
+l - x Ex* n vi v\ |i Vbx SE Y
x Vi * VE Vbx n n E +l M Ex E |G E
< i* n { +x ={M Vbx +xn n x * xi:
+x ={M E +l {U n i * +i& <E nE +l +E E < i E n {x& Ex +li {x& Elx*
I + i C +i ? <x + E +v { +xn
|G E {] EVB*
+xn |G V i E Vi , = i il
V +xn Ex i , = I E Vi * +|
E BE E El E +li i E i E n +li I
Vx +xn * < |E +xn BE E < i E
n l i B {xVi Ex E |G *
+xn E Ij bEh E | {] EVB*
+vxE M S Gi il Sx |vME E M * Yx Yx B
iExE E Ij xxi =zi B |Mi i V * bEh E
+vh B O E E{x E +v S il +xn E x V
* +V Yx-Yx E IiV i E l-l n-n E +xE
n E { i V * Yx-Yx E { |S
| < * vi B {{E nx+ E +H E |ii
Ex E B +xn ={M *
+xn BE EiE i E E Ei - {] EVB*
E i+ + Ei E E il {{ +nx |nx
+xn E E * z i+ + Ei E Vxx il
Zx E B +xn E * i E +xE |Sx Ol E E i {
|S | +xn u E * < i B E E
2.
3.
4.
Page 26
5 .
=
6.
7.
8.
=
9.
Six E E i + + l EiE BEi E E + * <

|E +xn E BE EiE i E Ei * BE +,
nM B i VE >{ xS nB-B +xE M Ji,
|i i il xv +Mx B +nx |nx E nB =VM Ei *
i |iE x VxVi +xnE * < Elx E {] EVB*
i n , vE, EiE {] E Eh xi&
|iE x VxVi +xnE * BE i x E Sx E
V E =E B i * +xE v, , Ei +n E | E
BE H Vx +xnE x Vi *
+xn v E]E E x E E Ex E E Ei *- {]
EVB*
+V n-n +vxix il +tix v E, =xE xE E,
E, ] E vh+ E x n il Vx x E il
+xn V Ei * SE +nx |nx, iW, {{B,
I-Yx, E E{x+ E E, iE +S +n +xE Ij B
n B Vx +xn E SxiE ={M Ei B ] =ilx E {x
E E V Ei * x E x E xE] x, n l{i Ex,
x E ibx E < |E v E]E E x E E
Ex E E Ei *
+xn E Vx E {hi nx {{h v C E M ?
+xn x Vx E Ij Vb + * V V SB, =E M
Jx, = ={v Ex, =E xEx {h Ex E E +xn Ei *
HMi Vx E BE EI E i +xn V +xE nW, +xE
JbE + =xE xnx i * E Ij , E E Vb,
xE Vb { +xn +xn |nx Ei + Yx *
x E il x E xSii n ni +xn*
I C ii{ ?
+xn |G Ei E V +xn Ex i , =
I E Vi *
i C ii{ ?
+xn |G V i E Vi , = i
Ei * x V E +xn Ex i *
Page 27
10.
11.
12.
II
1.
+xnE E Mh { |E bB*
+xnE E nx + E l-l E Mx + M Yx
x SB ` +xn i V Ei E Mh <ix {hi +
VB E = V n E , E x =ix {]i
Z + =ix E ii +x E V E Ei E Zx
M +x Ei * +SU +xnE E B +E Vi E
JE E l vhEh E , =E E +ii
E *
vxVx E n +xn E lx H EVB*
J M +V +xE Ij +xn E v E Ei B vxVx
E W-] E * x +V +xn E i c S x
M * ]Vx E +xE Sx +V +xn E v +{x EG
S * x, xV ]x BV JE n-n E
+ + +xn Ex E E ={v Ex E B n
V * +V bC], <Vx, E, VV, x, bV<x, <]
bE], +E]C], xYxE, b +n +xn E v +{x
E {E i { n-n x-gx E E E *
+xn C ?
BE E E O E n {xi +xn * x
E BE H S E n =ix Vx E |G E
+xn Ei *
+xn : |G, |E, B + E]

iE +xn |G + E E Sx E |G C +i ?
Mxi B Mi S E i {] Vi E iE
+xnEi E E E E Si E +{I E V] B vx {I
i * E E Sx +i i * {xi +xn n x E
EE x i * +xnE E JE E l +x x Vx E
+ E BE i Ei , i +{x E +x+{Ii |-+E n
i v i * +xn +xnE E li vl E i * BE i
i + n i I * JE E x x
i* = i j + S E vx i *
Page 28
2.
=
3.
=
4.
5.
=
6.
i Vx E |G E S Sh JB*
+Ex, +x, Six xx il VxiE +H*
iE v E +v { +xn E< |E E i * Vx J +xn
E x JB*
Exn, x]xn, Elxn (={x ii Ex), xxvxn,
JSjxn, hxn, {iV +xn*
BE t VE +xnE E i C ?
BE t-VE +xnE E |l +xt Ei E vi Mx
+vx E =E iE {Sx SB* i il I nx + {Mi
x SB* nx + E Eh, n-b, C x,
EEi il |Ei i {Si x SB* +xt Ei +H
+xi E +xni Ei E {È iE li |i Ex E B E
+xnE E ni Oh E =xE |Ex Ex M* +xn+SE < +v { x]i, {` E ] n, {` E +i
+n xx Ei Ei *
+xnE SxE ini l{i E =E l x E Ei * <
Elx { |E bB*
+xnE E E, M B |i { x Ei E Vx
E E E nxn Ex , E C, ={C {nv E +xn Ex
* E E< n E n = E E n E { x
i* I Ii +i nx i * BE +l +l S
nx n x Ei + x E Ei * M i + * +OW E b
xn E j , ni + * {xi <x ix |in E +
+lM {{i +xi * xn {] i *
+xnE n n E JV Ei *- {] EVB*
+xnE n E |in fgx + xx E | Ei * Vxi
E <E |in x, {xi +vEi |in x E n Ex
n E JV Ei * Vxi E |iE n E E< +l UB i
{xi =x BE Ui + +{Ii U nJi Sx E i *
i E = +vE lE + ]E U E + x * <B +xnE
E n + il Ei E S E BE <xn ni E Vi *
Page 29
MODULE III
I.
1.
2.
3.
+xnE E Mh B ni
+xn Ei E E + ix Vn E M i E * {]
EVB*
i S E +xn E Vxi +l E i E E * l
ix Wn E M i E E * BE i {E xx,
n l{i Ex, n xi E ibx + nxi Vbx E E
+xn, i n i +l B WM-|{i E vx +xn* +V
BE |tME x M< * Ei il |xW E < M
+xn + +O {H E +vE M * E Ei E +V E
Wn B M<Wx E < M +xnE E E, =E Mh B
Mi+ E +{I |Sx B vMx +{I+ E +vE M B
={M M< *
BE +SU vE x E B C-C x W ?
i E +vE -n* È = |E +xn Ex E
+vE - vE* E< H vE x Ei* < vx v E
E B E vx ={x Ex E l x SB* {ji =
+{x i {n Ex i * +{x n-Yx xi r Ex i *
+vx i xi xB Jx i * +xE S xx + x
i * +{x {B E n x i * -i E B icx
i *
+xn |G +xnE E {E | E vx Ex i *-{]
EVB*
i S E +xnE E {E | E vx Ex i *
{E | E i i E E UbE n (Sx
SxE) E i |] x i * {x-{xi vx +l
i * +i& +xnE E +E Ub nx SB E ]
+xnE * +xnE E x x SB E +xn BE +ix j
* E< +xn +i ] +xn x i* +xn i {È {I
n {I i *
Page 30
4.
5 .
=
6.
i E +xn i x Ei*- {] EVB*

+ +xn n z-z +vhB * nx MMxi +i
+ M * n +xn i M i E BE E i VBM
VE B +{I En{ x * +i& Ex iEE x E +xn i
x SB* +xn bx+ E v * < +iv {] nJ< ni *
rii& Si E +xn i x SB* +xni O Sx
E Mv, E +n + E E E x SB* { B
x {i* x Ub, x Vb E ri E ri x * x EU
x EU Vb +xn E x {i* +xnE E { EU Ubx Vcx
Si x, { i& i S Vi *
+xn E] {n Ex ix li { |E bB*
+xn + +xnE E bx E +xn i x Ei*
Mi, |EiMi, EhMi, Mi il {Mi +i + +xn E
S +xE vB Jb Ei * n, i +xn E +{I x i
C E rii& <E +xi x i* B +xn +xVx {x& Vx
i Vi { x` +xn x {i* i +xn E E
i x x SB* E E ix li E] * |ii ix
li +xn E] {n Vi *
+V +xn +xE Ij | E M *- {] EVB*
+V i +xn Yx, E{], iExE, |tME +n +xE ={M
il |ME Ij | E M * Vx{M v+ + Ij
+xn x +{x {` x * {hi& +xnE E Mx, iE,
rx, Yxx B +vx + x SB*
+xnE +V i , V , j , Yx , b J ,
W- , E , khV + +l j , iExE + |tME ,
{hYx , E{] , x , ESx , I . xE , |Ex ,
{]x , {h , Ei , Vxi , ij , Vi , <i ,
nx , il +n VM { i | E SE * +xnE E
B + B +xE Ij V +{x Mi, +S + {` x
Ei *
Page 31
7.
8.
=
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
+V E < Vx BE +xnE E i C ?
+V +xn E l-l +xnE E i g * Vx E
E Ij Vx i iE +xn E x E x S Ei* n
n Ei uEi Si SE J nx |inx |ME
B ={M xi S V * +xnE xE E Ij i& +xn
BV xE, - +xnE xE < E E ={M EE
g fM Vx-{x E Ei *
BE ] B +n +xnE E Mh { |E bB*
+xnE E n ] B +n +xnE xx i = Vx Mh E
+ii Ex + =x +Vi Ex E +ixi +Ei i * < |E
*
+xnE E +tix B +vxix JV, {ix, VxE il ={v E
Yx V]i x SB* ii +vxi E VxE il
Sxij E v Ei * VMEi +xnE E i E
j *
+xnE E i B I E |Ei, EhE l il
+x|MiEi E +vEvE Yx x SB*
+xnE E vx, Mx, x`x, Ex il +lE vE x
SB*
+xn E Vxi, {i, Vi, ]i il i E E xE =
=E +xi E iE {Sx x SB*
n +{SE |Ih i +xn E E, Yx, { il j E
{ Z J x SB*
+xnE E +xn E ={Eh E, E, E Yx, E E |E, E E
nJx E E, {E n, z n E ={v, E{]
+xn E +vh il + + H E +tix VxE x
SB*
xB n E +Mx, M`x, |M-+x|M , n xh E |G il
+Ei +xnE E +Mi x SB*
li EV +xnE x x SB* Exi {E n E
E< U] x V Ei* V xE { {E n E xvi
, =xE -]E +x|M +xi& x SB*
Page 32
+xnE E ii r , xE ={li , {È E i il +{I

E Zx , xx-Sxix Ex il {O nO H x
x SB*
10.+xnE E i E -EH E, ] |M E, H, Elx
E Mx Z xx SB* < |E E +x |M E H i *
11.+{x u +xni O E +t{i +I& n ix {gE nJx SB*
E Mv il E +n = E Jbi i x , xSi E
x SB* +xn | Ex { Sx O E +t{i E-E n + {gx SB* xSi E x SB E <E
i C , +xx Ex il {È-M Ex + +xn E Ex
|G +{x< Vx SB*
12.+xnE SxE E +i E i Ei * SxE E El
i E l UbUc +Ui {ix E U] +xnE E x i*
13. Sx E, E +M, + E, -|iE il lE E
|Mvi E Mx Z +xnE E +{x i {n Ex SB* i
{È iE = -]E lE Z E |i E Ei *
14.+xnE E n Sx E |M-+x|M E, I{i E, {nx E,
{ih E, E n, Y+, x, lx E =SSh E -]E
Z x SB* B x x +xn E E] gi *
15.+E, J+, , i, E, x-|ix, |iE, {n-]{{h +n E
+xn |hE, x il vM x SB* <x E l {
Ei r i *
16.+xnE E nx il iEE, n il SE nx { i
xB Jx SB* B EE +xnE Sx + SxE E l
x E {i *
9.
Page 33
II. S
(VxS) + +xn
S C ii{ ?
=
S n +OW E ExEx n E { E { |H i *
<E +l - Sx nx, n nx, |i Ex + +{x i n iE
{Sx* S E { Vx n ME VxS n xi + +li
Vxi iE n Sx {Sx*
2.
VxS | E lx C ?
=
|] b E i{h vx U{Jx +li | * VxS
<E lx i{h * | | E |M = l lx E B i
l, V S {j, {iE, {S +n U{i l, Exi +V | n VxS
v E < +l Vc M , V S E O + ih Ei +
{E i { Vx x iE SxB |i Ei *
3.
VxS v E J M E {] EVB*
=
VxS E E i& x E E E l-l + * <B
<E {{ {f-n-{f {S * VxS v E J { n M
Vi E M *
1. {{Mi v*
2. +vxE v*
{{Mi v
i {{Mi v E +xE { * EMi, Ex], EEB, E
MS, =i il { , Mi, Mi +n {{Mi v +V +{x |MEi
+ Gi xB B *
+vxE v
Sx Gi E ix M S v +i{ E + * < ph
v E E { + + n <C]xE v c iV +* +vxE
S v E n M Vi E V Ei *
(E) ph v: Vx V iE S {Sx E B S {j E ph +
|Ex i * nxE S {j E l l {iE, {IE, E,
jE, +vE + E {j-{jEB |Ei i * <E +iH
Y{x, {], {], b, x +n ph S v E ={M vx
*
1.
Page 34
(J) |h v: i <C]xE b * <E +iMi , o +

-o v +i * b, ]x, +n v *
E{], <-, C +n o v + , ]Wx +n -o
v * VxS E v x Vx E V B xx
i{h E x * <xE +i{h | Vx E z +E, Ei + i E x { + +l *
4.
VxS E O x SB*- {] EVB*
=
VxS V E M E B |H i * ph + |h
v M u {f-J + x Vi * <x BE x {g J
+Ii Wn E =SS Ii M {gi nJi + xi * E P]x
li E +x{ +Vx {ri E Mgx E E x
{ VxS v E Ex {ci * <E B =x E< |Si {ri
]x {bi + EhE x E +iGh Ex {bi *
|G {È + nE E rE Ii E +xE Vi * < |E
VxS E E + O xB Jx E +{I i * <
|Si n i +{x E E i < |E |H i , V
Vx-x E Z + VB*
5 .
VxS v E Ij +xn E lx H EVB*
=
VxS E i E +xn < i { x Ei E +xn
E =q E B + E {È M E B E V * i
|M E z + E i +v { E Ij E ]i
xSi E V Ei * < o] VxS E +{x ]i B
B V BE |H E { =ni < * S {j E , b E
, nnx E VxS |H E ={|H * <x Y{x, W
JEn xv S {nE, I S +n +{x
+M-+M { B i * |VxE i { ] iExE Ij
Vc i * iExE, +viExE + +iExE { E< BE
i Ei , Exi +x iExE Ij E i Ji + JE x E
l-l +{SE i * {ni E BE { V Ji {
E BE JE { * iExE n E |M li- E
+x i *
Page 35
6.
7.
8.
S {j E +xn E i H EVB*
S {j pi + o v * BE |E E {r
i * = |E +l Oh Ei , V G { |ii E Vi + =x
n E +l E S = G i * <B S {j E +xn
+xnE E E Ii i c E xi * l {È M E Z,
z E Yx + i-Mi +xn Ex E Ii x xixi +E *
n Sx +vE |Si n E Sxx, C Sx V] C-Sx
Sx {jE +l +xnE E BE b Mh * < E +xnE
{jE E xi +{x E E Ei x i *
S E +xn x E S {j i , E n i
i i * i .Bx.+< E xi + {.]. +< E
xE n i xn Si * <x xn E M< {]M E
+iH +OW {] E +xn E j i *
<C]xE v +xn E lx C ?
<C]xE v VxS E BE H v , V BE |E E o v * < b, nnx, +n E +xn +i * t{ pi
v + -o E +xn E xi , Exi < E
vxiEi + oiEi { vx nx E +Ei {ci *
b E +xn + nnx E +xn <C]xE v E +xn
E +iMi +i *
<C]xE v b E +xn { |E bB*
b + +xn : b v * < E + +x vx
E u n Vx-x iE {S Vi * <E +xn +{I E
Vi E < E vx {I { +vE n VB iE Vx x
iE Vx {S* b E J + - BE, S +
Sx | il n, xVx il i{ E u Yx-Yx + I E
|* <x nx E +xn E +{IB +M +M * S + Sx+ E
+xn Sx V] i i , Exi = BE |E E n + +H
|ii Ex E | i iE = +vE +vE i Z E* <x
n |i E Vi * < |E +xnE E S + Sx
E E B + S E xE + I Ei E S E
{ vx nx E +Ei i * b { |i x S +
Sx+ BE{i, vMi + xEEh E +{I i *
Page 36
9.
10.
<C]xE v nnx E +xn { |E bB*

nnx + +xn : nnx S +l +J E +xn
E b E +xn E i i , < b E +xn E i =SSi
n E |hi { vx i n Vi , l +xnE E S
+J E l nJB Vx o E l vx Jx {bi , C
E V i n E Vi , i o E V Ei *
-o v E |M Ji& n |E i * BE, n
n +vE M E S i{ +{x ElxE (Narrative) E
+M gi + = o E iEE { Vbx E E Ei * n,
nnx E B xx k E S E {] Ex E
B o E |M i +l o E v E V i E Zx
E B E |M i , V xi& E] +l xx Ei *
nnx +xn E n +x i{h Ij * BE, vxih (Dubbing)
+ n ={E J* nnx + EG E n |h
xx E B bM + ]<]M nx E ={Mi -o
EG E {E r + o- =tM E {{i W ={v + *
< |E E +xn E < {ih (Language Transfer) E M *
< {ih (Language Transfer) +x |E E +xn E z ?
< {ih (Language Transfer) +x |E E +xn Ji& S
o] z , V < |E *
(E) o- < {xih {` U] i *
(J) < {xih {h EEi (Opus) E j BE ii { | bi
* < E nnx E EG E n o, +x,
vx + E x E {h o EEi (Opus) x
Vi *
(M) < {xih n n Vi * <E +| E nnx
EG BE ] nE M E B x Vi * <
{xih E {Si +x Ei E nE nJi i =xE { <E
+M +l {Si *
(P) o < {xih {nE ii P Vi * <
{xih E V SxB n M i , =x i EU Vc Vi
U] Vi *
Page 37
11.
<B +E E o v + o- v E B
+xn Ei <x v xi n-Sx E ri E +xnE
Z + |iE {xih Mh + + {Si *
VxS E =q E | { =E {hi { |E bB*
VxS E =q E x Ji B E + v x E
l-l = n E E{x E ]x E +Ei i * iE
= VxiEi E nx VB*
< |E VxS E xv Ji& Vxx * <E l Ii,
+vIi + +Ii Oh + , xx M + =S M, E +
r, + { Vb B * <B +{I E Vi E VxS
E +xni {` nxn E +{I xn + +xVx +vE +xni
{` |h, vM, V, SE + Vx , i VxS E =q
{h M*
Page 38
MODULE IV
I
b xv |J {E n
1.
Acknowledgement of source
2.
Alternation of colours
3.
Amateur performance
4.
Appraisal
5.
Article
6.
Automatic printing
7.
Back music
8.
Background report
9.
Balancing colour
10. Bibliography
11. Black letter
12. Bold type
13. Broadcast
14. Business name
15. Cabinet size
16. Camera angle
17. Classified advertisement
18. Columnist
19. Crime news
20. Dissermination of Information
21. Distribution section
22. Endmark
23. Fake news
24. Fancy cover
25. Financial resources
j E =J
M {ix
xJ E
Ex
J
S ph
{ Mi
{` {]
ii M, ix M
Ol S
] +I
] ]<{
|h
E x
Ex] +E
E Eh
MEi Y{x
i JE
+{l S
Sx |
ih +xM
+i SX
V S
x +h
k vx
Page 39
26. Foreign news service
27. Free expression
28. Freelance journalist
29. Future book
30. Gazette notification
31. Ghost writer
32. Gossip column
33. Greeting card
34. Hard news
35. Hot news
36. Humour column
37. Idealistic
38. Information Service
39. Italic
40. Jacket
41. Journalistic style
42. Lead story
43. Literary piracy
44. Mechanical division
45. Mouthpiece
46. News Agency
47. Newspaper Establishment
48. Newsy
49. Originality
50. Pagination
n S
ij +H
ij {jE
P]x b
V{j +vSx
+xl JE
M{{ i
Ex n
E S
MM S, M J
i
+nn
Sx
iU ]<{
{iE +h
{jEi iExE
J S
iE S
jE |M
J{j
S BV, S i
S {j |i`x
S M
Ei
{Èx
Page 40
II
+xn - EU xx +OW xn +xn

(From English to Hindi)
1.
Now that our beloved country is free from foreign domination we have limitless
opportunities to progress in all directions and make India strong and powerful.
This can be done only if the industrialists strive to produce more and more wealth.
In order to achieve this objective of increased production industrialists should
shake hands with workers. Capital and labour are the twin wheels of industrial
progress. Labourers will work with more zeal and enthusiasm if they are assured
of fair terms from capitalists.
+xn:ix , VE n n |i H + , I
n+ =zi Ex il i E og B H xx E +J +
* B E i E V Ei V =tM{i +vEvE vx{Vx E
| E* +vE =i{nx E < I i |{i Ex E B =tM{i
E E E |i M Jx SB* {V + +tME E E
= {I (SG) * n E E {V{i E + =Si E
n n VB i +vE +V + =i E EM*
2.
Each nation has its own peculiar method of work. Some work through politics,
some through social reforms, some through other lines, with us, religion is the
only ground along which we can move. The English man can understad religion
even through politics. Perhaps the American can understand religion even through
social reforms. But the Hindu can understand even politics when it is given
through religion; sociology must come through religion, everything must come
through religion. For that is the theme, the rest are the variations in the national
life music.
+xn:
|iE ] E E-|h xV i i * EU (]) Vxi E u,
EU VE v E v + EU +x |h E Ei *
+x E v B VE {E Mi Ei * +OW v
E Vxi E u Oh E Ei * i& +E-x VE
v E v v E Vx Ei * Ex xn (H) v E +S
|E] E M< Vxi E Z Ei , =E I Vj E +H
v E v x SB, iE E |iE i v E u |E] E Vx
SB* <E Eh E ii i , i ] Vx-Mi
E z { *
Page 41
3.
One of the most astonishing things about our time is the change in the status of
women, which has spread with amazing rapidity throughout most parts of the
world. The superiority of men over women was based originally entirely upon
their superiority of physical strength, which enabled them to claim superiority in
every other respect, without effective challenge from the weaker partner.
Gradually, however, it came to be employed by private persons in their private
relations, but should be employed only by the state in accordance with the law,
women became emancipated from men in proportion as both became slaves of the
state.
+xn:
x E li {ix ix M E P]x+ vE +SVxE
VE | E +vE M +ni Qi M * j {
{ E |i i& =xE E E +vEi { x i + +
{ix E + | Sxi E + =x Vx E +x Ij
ì E n Ex E + M* il{ x: x: E E
M E xV xv E +xiMi H E E E |i -|M E +vE x
M, E x E vx E +vx E iI{ Ex E +vE M*
< |E j x { E |i inx{ H |{i E + E nx V E
i MB*
4.
In the Mahabharat there are three main places where Dharma is discussed. In the
Karnaparva, it is made definite that, that which holds together the people is
Dharma. In the Shantiparva the scope of Dharma is defined as concerned with
the duties of kings and subjects, of the four orders, and of the modes of life;
besides, Dharma is supposed to lay down the duties of man as man; and duties
suited to every stage of evolution are discussed with clarity.
+xn:
i J { ix |M v-xv SS < * Eh { {]
E M E x-Vi E {{ xE] x k v * xi {
v E Ij E J Ei B = V+ + |V+ E Ei r x
M + S + il Vx ri E SS E +iH +{I E M<
E v E +xiMi x E xSi Ei E xvh M + VxE E |iE li E B ={H Ei E {]i{E SS E VBM*
5.
A great book is born of the brain and heart of its author; he has put himself into its
pages. It is to the man in the book therefore, that to begin with we have to find our
way. We have to get to know him as an individual. To establish personal
intercourse with out bodies in a simple direct way, should thus be our primary and
constant purpose, we want first of all to become, not scholars, but good readers.
Page 42
+xn:
E ` Sx E =n JE E iE + n i * +
=E {` +{x Hi E +Ei E ni * +i& +xvxx |l
+{Ii E Sx ] H E nM E* = (JE E)
H E { Vxi i * +i& +{x {iE V-{] xSi i
xV {E l{i Ex J + xxiE Ei x SB*
|li& BE M {È xx Si , x E ux*
6.
Dasharatha was perturbed at this turn of events and begged that his son Rama
should be spared the trial. He said to Parasurama: you are a Brahmana, we have
heard that, satiated with your revenge, you have gone back to tapas as becomes
your order, in prusuance of your plighted word to Indra, after giving away the
earth you had conquered to Kashyapa. Is it proper that you should break your
vow, and seek to injure a prince of tender years, who has done you no wrong, and
who is dearer to us than life?
+xn:
P]x+ E B b E nJE nl E B + =xx Sx E +{x {j
E < {I Ub n V* =xx { E: +{ BE h
* x x E +{x n i] E, <xp E n M Sx E
+x, +{x +vxl E M< vi E{ E nE +{x i{ Ex S M *
+{x |iY E ibx +{ E B =Si ? + < Ei E
VE -Vx +{ E E< x iE x {S + B |h
{ -r Ex C =Si ?
7.
The labourer earns his bread by hard manual work, but he never feels sorry for it.
He is content with whatever he earns and at present certainly earns enough to
make both ends meet. In this respect his case is much better than that of the poor
office clerk who can hardly manage to pull off in these hard days with his mearge
monthly salary. The labourer works hard from morning till evening. There is no
holiday or rest for him. For him rest means starvation. In this respect the life of
the office clerk is better than that of the labourer since he has to work only for five
or six hours in a day and get enough holiday for enjoyment and rest.
+xn:
E +{x E ] Ei * { = < ixE n&J x*
V |{i = xi] * + +VE xSi { x Ex E
B E Ei * i =E BE S n}i {E
k , V +{x +{ E ix E Vx-{x Ei * E
iE (nx ) E Ei * = E< U]] x* =
Page 43
E i Ivi x * i ni {E E Vx E E Vx
k , V E = nx {S U& Phb E Ex + =
+ xVx E B E U]] i *
8.
The glory of the farmer is that in the division of labours it is his part to create. All
trade rests at last on his primitive activity. The farmers office is precise and
important but you must not try to paint him in rose colour, you cannot made pretty
compliments to fate and gravitation whose minister he is. He represents the
necessities. It is the beauty of the great economy of the word that makes his come
liners. He bends to the order of the seasons, the weather, the soils and crops as the
sails of a ship bend to the window. He represents continuous hard labour, year in
year out, and small gain. He is a slow person, timed to nature, and not to city
watches.
+xn:
-Vx Ex E M =i{nx Ex * +xi hV = E
|Sxi E-|h xi * Ex E E xSi B i{h *
Ex i = M M Mx x SB, EE M , =E < M
+ MiEh H { i | E BE n x Ei*
+Ei+ E |ixvi Ei * V E +x ij ({)
@i-G, (V) vi + E +x Si * {
E n + U] xxi E`x E |ixvi Ei *
BE v +n VE E-G |Ei E +x + E Pb E
+x x*
9.
Different people are clever at different kinds of work. So too different types of
men display qualities of mind and body which fit or unfit them for particular kinds
of work. Similarly, different kinds of land can produce different crops. Just think
how lucky a country like India is and how rich it ought to be, which has all types
of men, all sorts of land and all kinds of climate! It means that India is a country
which has, somewhere or other, all the possible raw materials for making all the
things its people want. It means that we Indians can grow or make in India most
of the things we require.
+xn:
z M z E I * <B +{x Mi-+Mi E +x
x + E Mh E ] |E E E |ii Ei * z i
E vi z E =i{nx E Ei * W SB E i V n
Eix Mx + Eix {z V i E +n, i E vi
+ i E V * <E i E i B BE n V
Page 44
E M E S E +x SW xx E B ESS viB |{i i *

<E +l , i +{x +Ei E SW i x Ei
g Ei *
10.
Ever since man came on this earth he has hunted wild animals, either for food or
self-protection or in more recent times, for sport. First his weapons were very
simple, probably only heavy sticks, then crude spears, which in turn were followed
by implements of stone, bone, and later, by metal, then came bows and arrows and
finally, firearms, and these developed surprisingly as man became more advanced
and learned to use his hands and head. With the improvement in fire arms, killing
solely for sport became a popular form of amusement in almost all countries
within the last half century or so rifles have become more and more perfect, with
the result that killing wild animals hqas become so easy and certain that now it can
scarcely be called sport at all. Real sport to give true pleasure, must be the
overcoming of difficulties, and so we make our games as difficult as possible in
order to get greater pleasure out of winning.
+xn:
V x < {l { +, i i Vx E B +iI E B
+{IEi ix E +J] E B =x x {+ E +J] E *
{ =E j i l, i& `, E` U* =E n
{il, bb +n j E { ={M Ex M* , in{xi vx-h,
+ +xi i{-xnE* + <x E E +S VxE l* x E
E <ix g M E +{x ix + r E ={M Ex M, x*
i{-xnE E E E x(+J]) n E | xVx E {
vh E* Mi +v in i{E () +vEvE ={H B, {
x {+ E i +i <, + + +ii E`x< +J] E
Ei * ll +J] V + xVx |nx Ei , E`x< E { E
ni , + +{x +J] E Wni nE x ni C E i Vi
x E W |{i E Ei *
Page 45

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Calicut university P.O, Malappuram, Kerala, India 673 635.

School of Distance Education

TRANSLATION AND COMMUNICATION IN HINDI

Edited and Scrutinised by

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HINDI

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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+xn : +l, i + |MEi*

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M C ii{ ? <E Eix n ?

Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Exi jM n E +xi Sxpxn ME Sx { xi *

Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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+{nx EE:Y x E V { {lEi +M |E] , = +{nx EE

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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i{k E +x G E Eix n ? C C ? Z<B*

Translation and Communication in Hindi

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ME vi:V vi, +x vi+ xi i , ME vi Ei * VM M* =` =`, =`, E E + E +n*

School of Distance Education

Translation and Communication in Hindi

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+xi vE:V G E ExE +xi n Vx E v , = +xi vE Ei

Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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Translation and Communication in Hindi

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nMv ix E:G E { V ix E G E x n { V, nMv

Translation and Communication in Hindi

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+xn, +l, i + |MEi

i E +xn i x Ei- {] EVB