Understanding API ICP653 Reading 8-Worksheet-05 Part1

Understandings API ICP653
Reading 8- Q&A Practices

Work Sheet 05 Part1
My self study note for API653 ICP , Q&A

24th February 2016
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
AST Tanks
AST Tanks
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Fion Zhang at Xitang

24th February 2016
API 653 Exam Administration -- Publications

Effectivity Sheet FOR: November 2015, March
2016 and July 2016
Listed below are the effective editions of the publications required for this
exam for the date(s) shown above.
API Recommended Practice 571, Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in
the Refining Industry, Second Edition, April 2011
API 653 Exam Administration -- Publications

Effectivity Sheet FOR: November 2015, March
2016 and July 2016
Listed below are the effective editions of the publications required for this
exam for the date(s) shown above.
API Recommended Practice 571, Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in
the Refining Industry, Second Edition, April 2011
ATTENTION: Only the following sections / mechanisms from RP 571 are

included on the exam:
Section 3, Definitions
Par. 4.2.7 Brittle Fracture
4.2.16 Mechanical Fatigue
4.3.2 Atmospheric Corrosion
4.3.3 Corrosion Under insulation (CUI)
4.3.8 Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC)
4.3.9 Soil Corrosion
4.3.10 Caustic Corrosion
4.5.1 Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (Cl-SCC)
4.5.3 Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking (Caustic Embrittlement)
5.1.1.10 Sour Water Corrosion (Acidic)
5.1.1.11 Sulfuric Acid Corrosion
API Recommended Practice 575, Inspection of Atmospheric and LowPressure Storage Tanks, Third Edition, April 2014
API Recommended Practice 577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy,
Second Edition, December 2013
API Standard 650, Welded Tanks for Oil Storage, Twelfth Edition, March
2013 with Addendum 1 (September 2014), Errata 1 (July 2013), and
Errata 2 (December 2014).
API Recommended Practice 651, Cathodic Protection of Aboveground
Petroleum Storage Tanks, Fourth Edition, September 2014.
API Recommended Practice 652, Lining of Aboveground Petroleum
Storage Tank Bottoms, Fourth Edition, September 2014
API Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and
Reconstruction, Fifth Edition, November 2014.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Boiler and Pressure

Vessel Code, 2013 Edition
i. ASME Section V, Nondestructive Examination, Articles 1, 2, 6, 7 and 23
(section SE-797 only)
ii. Section IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications (Welding Only)
See end of this study note for API Official BOK
http://www.yumpu.com/zh/browse/user/charliechong
http://issuu.com/charlieccchong
http://greekhouseoffonts.com/
The Magical Book of Tank Inspection ICP
API STANDARD 653

Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and
Reconstruction
Fifth Edition, November 2014
Section 1
Introduction
Pre-Test: API653 Maths

Q1. Find the minimum acceptable shell plate thickness of the first course of
an existing AST.
tmin = Minimum acceptable thickness ?
D
H
G
S
E
= Nominal diameter of tank, in feet

= Height of tank in feet
= Specific gravity of contents
= Maximum allowable stress
= Joint efficiency of tank
tmin = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE
tmin = 0.82151
120
48
1
21000
.85
Q2. Find the corrosion rate of an AST given the following information.
Original thickness = .875
Measured thickness = .625
Years since last thickness measurement = 11
Corrosion Rate N = (.875-.625)/11 = 0.0227/year
Q3. Using the corrosion rate determined in problem number 2, what would the
remaining life expectancy of this tank be if the minimum required thickness is
0.436?
Remaining life = (.625-.436)/0.0227 = 8.325 years
Q4. Shell settlement evaluation measurements are to be taken on a 146 feet

diameter AST. Given the following formula, how many elevation
measurements would be required?
N= D/10
N = 146/10 =14.6 or 15 used 16
N is the minimum required number of settlement measurement points, but no
less than eight. All values of N shall be rounded to the next higher even whole
number. The maximum spacing between settlement measurement points
shall be 32 ft.
Q5. Using the information in number four, does this number meet the
requirements of API-653, which does not permit the measurement points to
exceed 32 feet?
Spacing = D/16 = 28 (OK)
Q6. Find the throat of a right angle fillet weld with a weld leg length of .4375
inches.
Throat = 0.707 x .4375 = 0.309
Q7. Using the following information, what is the maximum vertical length (also
known as critical length), in inches, over which hoop stresses are assumed to
average out around local discontinuities? Diameter of the tank is 136 feet,
the least thickness in an area of corrosion, exclusive of pits, is determined to
be .563
L = 3.7(Dt2) = 32.376
Q8. A 6 inch nozzle is to be placed in the tank shell of an AST. The shell
course where the nozzle will be installed is .875 thick. What is the required
area of reinforcement?
Area removed = D x t = 6 3/4 x .875 = 5.91 in.2
If a shell plate thicker than required is used for the product and hydrostatic
loading (see 5.6), the excess shell-plate thickness, within a vertical distance
both above and below the centerline of the hole in the tank shell plate equal
to the vertical dimension of the hole in the tank shell plate, may be considered
as reinforcement, and the thickness T of the nozzle reinforcing plate may be
decreased accordingly. In such cases, the reinforcement and the attachment
welding shall conform to the design limits for reinforcement of shell openings
specified in 5.7.2.
Q9. The maximum ultrasonic thickness measurement interval shall be five

years when the corrosion rate is not known. What is the interval based on a
known corrosion rate? The tank information is as follows: Initial thickness of
the tank was 1.0625, the actual thickness is .815, the calculated required
thickness is .473, the tank has been in service for 16 years with no
measurements taken since it was installed.
Corrosion rate = (1.0625-0.815)/16 = 0.01547/year
N = (.815-.473)/ Cr = 22.1years
Used 15 years
Q10. What is the circumference of an AST that is 96 feet in diameter?
Circum = D = 301.1
Q11- Practice problems #1:

Problem #1
Find S when tmin, D, H, G, and E are known where: D=78, H=29, G = 1,
E=.85, and tmin =.602
tmin = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE
S = 2.6(H-1)DG/tminE = 11097psi
Q12: Problem #2
Find E when D, H, G, S, G, and tmin are known where: D =128, H=60, S =
22,300 G = .87, and tmin = 1.125
E = 2.6(H-1)DG/tminS = 0.68
Q13: Problem #3
Find D when H, E, S, G, and tmin are known where: H=45, E=.90, S=22500,
G= .7 and tmin =.9375
D = tmin(SE)/ (2.6(H-1)G) = 237
Q14: Problem #4
Find St when E, Ht, D, G, and tmin are know where: E = .80, Ht = 54, D= 70,
G = 1 and tmin =.4325
St = 2.6(H-1)D/ tminE = 27878psi
Q15: Problem #5
Find C when D and H are know where D = 60, H = 54
C = 0.14D2H = 27216 Barrels
Post Test:
Q1. What is the required hydrostatic test height (Ht) of an AST given the
following data?
Maximum allowable hydrostatic stress (St)= 21350
Diameter of the tank = 110 feet
Hydrostatic test shell thickness (tmin) is .625
Shell joint efficiency = 70%
Use API-653 2.3.3.1 formula for tanks to be hydrostatically tested.
ANS:
Ht = tminStE/2.6D + 1 = 33.66
Q2. What is the area of a tank bottom that is 121 feet in diameter?
ANS:
22/7 x 60.52 = 11503 feet 2
Q3. A reinforcing plate is installed around a nozzle in the first course of an

AST. What is the throat dimension of the leg fillet weld around the
periphery of the reinforcing plate.
ANS: 0.707 x 0.5 = 0.3535
Q4. What is the minimum acceptable thickness of the bottom course of an

existing AST that is 135 feet in diameter, maximum fill height is 56.5 feet?
The product stored in the tank has a specific gravity of .87 and all shell buttwelds were 100% radiographically examined. The yield strength of the
material is 28,000 and the tensile strength is 60,000. Use API-653 paragraph
2.3.3.1.
ANS: S is the maximum allowable stress in pound force per square inch
(lbf/in.2); use the smaller of 0.80Y or 0.429T for bottom and second course;
S = 22400, 25740 used 22400psi
tmin = 2.6(H-1)DG/SE = 0.454
Q5. What is the required area of reinforcement for a 14 NPS nozzle installed
in a shell course that is 1.0625 thick. Use API 650 Paragraph 3.7.2.1
ANS:
14 1/8 x 1.0625 = 15 in.2
Q6. A bulge is noted in a tank bottom, what is the maximum height of the
bulge permitted if the radius of the inscribed circle is 10.8 feet? Use API-653
Appendix B 3.3
ANS:
BB = 0.37R = 0.37(10.8) = 4
Q7. If the throat of a fillet weld is .309, what is the leg length of the weld?
ANS:
.309/.707 = 0.437
Q8. An AST is 175 feet in diameter. How many tank settlement survey points
are required? Use API-653 paragraph 10.5.1.2.
ANS: D/10 = 18
Q9. Do the number of settlement measurement locations and maximum

spacing, calculated in problem 8, comply with API 653? Use API 653
Paragraph 10.5.1.2
ANS:
Circu = (22/7 X 175)/18 <32 (OK)
Q10. What is the design liquid level of an AST that is 140 feet in diameter,
thickness of the bottom or first course is .765, stress of the material is 21300.
The specific gravity of the product to be stored is 1 and no corrosion
allowance is needed nor provided.
ANS:
0.765(21300)/(2.6x 140) +1 = H = 45.77
Section 1 - Introduction
Q1. API-653 covers which of the following types of tanks?
a) Carbon and low alloy steel tanks built to ASME Section VIII, Div.1
b) Carbon and low alloy steel tanks built to ASME Section X
c) Carbon and low alloy steel tanks built to API - 650 and 12C
d) Carbon and low alloy steel tanks built to API - 510
ANS: C
Q2. API-653 provides the requirements for construction of which of the
following?
a) Process pressure vessels
b) Aboveground petroleum storage tanks
c) LNG Storage spheres
d) This standard does not provide construction requirements
ANS: D
Q3. API-653 provides for all but which of the following with regard to
aboveground storage tanks?
a) Repair
b) Operation
c) Relocation
d) Alteration
ANS: b
Q4. The scope of API-653 is limited to all of the following except?
a) Tank foundation
b) Tank Bottom
c) Tank roof
d) Tank mixing motor
ANS: d
Q5. The API-653 standards states that many of the requirements for design,
welding, and materials of API-650 and API-12C can be applied with regard to
_____.
a) Repair, inspection, rating, and alteration.
b) Repair, personnel assignment, maintenance, and inspection.
c) Inspection, product in storage, rating, and alteration.
d) Alteration, refinery equipment, electrical controls, and repair.
ANS: a
Q6. In the application of the requirements for welding, design, and materials
of API-650 or API-12C to in-service aboveground storage tanks (AST), which
of the following code or standard takes precedence?
a) ASME Section VIII, Pressure Vessels
b) API-12C
c) API-653
d) API-650
ANS: c
Q7. The API-653 Standard may only be applied to aboveground storage

tanks (AST) that have been constructed to and meet the requirements of API650.
a) True
b) False
ANS: B
Q8. The use of API-653 is intended for organizations that have personnel who
are technically trained and experienced in which of the following?
a) All ASME, AWS, ASNT, and API Codes and Standards
b) Tank design, fabrication, repair, construction, and inspection
c) Refinery operations, safety requirements, personnel management, and
refinery design
d) Mechanical integrity program, OSHA regulations compliance program,
and Process Safety Management
ANS: B
Q9. When design and construction details are not given and not available in
the original construction standard, then details that will provide a level of
integrity equal to the current edition of what Code or Standard must be used?
a) ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels
b) ASME Section VIII Division 2, Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels
c) API- 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
d) API-12C Steel Storage Tanks for Oil Storage
ANS: C
Q10. Ultimate responsibility for compliance with this standard rests with ____?
a) The Owner/Operator
b) The Owner/Operators Inspector
c) The repair organization of the Owner/Operator
d) The manufacturer of the AST
ANS:A
Q11. According to API-653, if any provision presents a direct or implied

conflict with any statutory regulation, the regulation governs. What governs if
API-653 requirements are more stringent than the statutory regulation?
a) The statutory regulation applies in all cases
b) The conflict must be submitted to the American Petroleum Institute for
resolution
c) The owner/operator has the option of applying the requirement best
suited to the situation
d) The API-653 requirements shall govern
ANS: D
Q12. Safe working practices shall comply with what requirements concerning
confined space entry?
a) Procedures must comply with any trade developed safety precautions
b) Procedures must comply with any federal or state regulations
c) Procedures need only comply with owner/operator/s requirements
d) Procedures need only comply with NFPA requirements
ANS: B
Answers to API-653 Section 1, Introduction
Section 2
Suitability for Service
Q1. When must an evaluation, to determine the suitability for continued use,
be conducted?
a) Evaluations shall be conducted when a tank inspection reveals a
change has occurred from the original physical condition of the tank.
b) Evaluations shall be conducted at least annually
c) Evaluations shall be conducted at an interval not to exceed the
calculated tank inspection frequency.
d) Evaluations shall be conducted once each ten years of service
ANS: a
Q2. What factors are required for consideration when performing an
evaluation for continued use of an AST?
a) Only those listed in API-653
b) The recommended list of considerations provided in API-510 can be
modified to suit this purpose
c) Engineering analysis and judgement required for each situation
d) Only those items requested by the Certified Aboveground Storage
Tank Inspector
ANS: c
Q3. Roof plates corroded to an average thickness of less that ____ inch in
any ___ square inch area shall be repaired of replaced.
a) 0.9 inch in any 100 square inch area
b) 0.09 inch in any 10 square inch area
c) 0.09 inch in any 144 square inch area (1 square foot)
d) 0.09 inch in any 100 square inch area
ANS: d
Q4. The method of inspecting roof support members shall be acceptable to
whom?
a) The manufacturer of the AST
b) The responsible inspector
c) The Owner/Operators design engineering department
d) The operations manager
ANS: b
Q5. During the inspection of fixed roof support members, particular attention
must be given to .
a) Severe external corrosion of the roof plate where support structures
are attached
b) Severe internal corrosion of pipe columns
c) Severe internal corrosion of the roof plate where support structures are
attached
d) Deterioration of wind girders at the point of attachment
ANS: b
Q6. Inspection of floating roofs is limited to roof plates and pontoons.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q7. Evaluation of existing floating roofs shall be based on the criteria of

a) API-650, Appendix C for external floating roofs and Appendix H for
internal floating roofs
b) API-510 Paragraph 6.4.3 for external floating roofs and 6.5.3 for
internal
c) ASME Section VIII, Div 1 Appendix C for external floating roofs and
Appendix H for internal
d) ASME Section VIII, Div. 2 Alternative Rules
ANS: a
Q8. What API Standard or Recommended Practice must be used for
evaluating the effects of design partial vacuum on tank roofs?
a) API Standard 620
b) API Standard 650
c) API Recommended Practice 651
d) API Recommended Practice 652
ANS: a
Q9. Above what operating temperature shall API Standard 650, Appendix M,
be considered before changing the service of a tank?
a) 500F
b) 400F
c) 300F
d) 200F
ANS: d
Q10. Under what conditions may a tank be operated at a temperature lower
than the original design?
a) When the requirements for impact testing of ASME Section VIII,
Division 1 have been met
b) When the requirements of the applicable standard or API Standard 650
have been met
c) When the requirements of ASTM Specification A-370 have been met
d) When the requirements of ASTM Specification A-20 have been met
ANS: b
Q11. Flaws, deterioration, or other conditions that might adversely affect the
performance or structural integrity of the shell of an existing tank must be
evaluated. Personnel experienced in tank design shall conduct the evaluation.
This analysis shall take into account any of the following except
a) Fluid static head
b) Internal and external pressure
c) Organization that manufactured the tank
d) Seismic loads
ANS: c
Q12. Of the following, which is not an option available to the owner/operator if
it is not possible to satisfy the requirements for minimum thickness
calculations for a welded tank?
a) Repair damaged areas
b) Reduce allowable liquid level
c) Retire the tank
d) Reduce the fill rate so the tank fills slower and applies pressure
gradually
ANS: d
Q13. Out-of-roundness, buckled areas, flat spots, and peaking and banding of
welded joints are all examples of _____.
a) Shell Distortions
b) Flaws
c) Discontinuities
d) Severe damage
ANS: a
Q14. Shell distortions require the tank to be immediately removed from
service and inspected.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q15. Flaws such as cracks or laminations shall be thoroughly examined to

determine their nature and extent and the need for repairs.
a) True
b) False
ANS: a
Q16. What if anything should be done with cracks in the shell-to-bottom weld?
a) These cracks can be sealed with caulking and the tank returned to
service
b) The welds can have a cover weld pass applied over them to prevent
leakage
c) Cracks of this type are critical and the tank must be retired from service
since repairs are prohibited.
d) Cracks in the shell-to-bottom weld are critical and shall be removed
and the weld repaired
ANS: d
Q17. Internal pitting and pitting rates in the anticipated service, corrosion of
weld joints (weld and heat affected zone), weld joint cracking history, and
stresses placed on the bottom plates by roof support loads and shell
settlement are all examples of causes of what type of failure?
a) Annular ring failure
b) Shell plate failure at first shell course
c) Bottom failure
d) Fatigue failure due to repeated jacking of floor plates
ANS: c
Q18. Underside corrosion (normally in the form of pitting), inadequate

drainage resulting in surface water flowing under the tank bottom, lack of an
annular plate ring when required, uneven settlement that results in high
localized stresses in the bottom plates, and inadequate provision for
movement of roof support columns and other supports are all examples of
causes of what type of failure?
a) Shell plate failure at first course
b) Bottom failure
c) Failure of support columns due to hydraulic compression
d) Creep cracking failure
ANS: b
Q19. Of the following what has historically not been a cause of bottom failures?
a) Non-homogeneous fill under the tank bottom
b) Rock or gravel foundation pads with inadequately filled-in surface voids
c) Inadequate inspection frequency
d) Inadequately supported sumps
ANS: c
Q20. Where would you look to find the basis for cathodic protection systems
for the underside of tank bottoms?
a) API Recommended Practice 651
b) API Recommended Practice 652
c) API Standard 2015
d) API Standard 2207
ANS: a
Q21. Where would you look to find procedures and practices for protecting
tank bottoms with internal lining?
a) API Recommended Practice 651
b) API Recommended Practice 652
c) API Standard 2015
d) API Standard 2207
ANS: b
Q22. What two methods may be used in quantifying the remaining thickness
of tank bottoms?
a) Drilling and actual measurement
b) Ultrasonic and radiography
c) Deterministic and probabilistic
d) Detailed stress analysis and plate deformation measurement
ANS: c
Q23. Unless a stress analysis is performed, what is the minimum thickness of

bottom plates in the critical zone?
a) Smaller of the original bottom plate thickness or 50% of tmin of the
lower shell course but not less than 0.1 inch.
b) Smaller of the original bottom plate thickness or 25% of tmin of the
c) Smaller of the original bottom plate thickness or 75% of tmin of the
d) Smaller of the original bottom plate thickness or 50% of tmin of the
ANS: a
Q24. When repairing internal pitting for the extension of in-service operating
period, the repair shall be by any of the following methods except.
a) Pit welding
b) Brazing
c) Overlay welding
d) Lap Patching
ANS: b
Q25. The thickness of the bottom plate projection beyond the shell, measured
at the toe of the weld of the outside bottom-to-shell fillet weld shall be not less
than?
a) 0.25 inch
b) 0.01 inch
c) 0.50 inch
d) 0.10 inch
ANS: d
Q26. The projection of the bottom plate beyond the toe of the shell-to-bottom
weld shall be at least?
a) 0.125 inch
b) 0.250 inch
c) 0.375 inch (3/8)
d) 0.500 inch
ANS: c
Q27. An aboveground storage tank contains a fluid with a specific gravity of

less than one. The thickness of the plate in the first course is 7/8. What is the
minimum thickness of the annular plate ring, seismic loading is not a
consideration, and the stress in the first course is 27,850 pound per square
inch?
a) 0.22 inch b) 0.31 inch
c) 0.20 inch d) 0.23 inch
ANS: b
Q28. An aboveground storage tank contains a fluid with a specific gravity of
greater than one. The thickness of the plate in the first course is 7/8. What is
the minimum thickness of the annular plate ring, seismic loading is not a
consideration, and the hydrostatic test stress in the first shell course is 27,850
pound per square inch?
a) 1 / 4 inch
b) 3 / 8 inch
c) 9 / 32 inch (0.28125)
d) 11 / 32 inch
ANS: c
Q29. Settlement, erosion, cracking, and deterioration of concrete are all

examples of which of the following principle modes of failure or deterioration?
a) Annular plate ring failure
b) Shell-to-bottom weld failure
c) Deterioration of walkways and roadways
d) Deterioration of foundations
ANS: d
Q30. To ensure suitability for service, what is the minimum permitted
frequency of tank foundation inspection?
a) Annually
b) Every five years
c) Monthly
d) Periodically
ANS: d
API653: 4.5 Tank Foundation Evaluation

4.5.1 General
4.5.1.1 The principal causes of foundation deterioration are settlement,
erosion, cracking, and deterioration of concrete initiated by: calcining, attack
by underground water, attack by frost, and attack by alkalies and acids. To
ensure suitability for service, all tank foundations shall be inspected
periodically (see 6.3).
Q31. Distortion of anchor bolts and excessive cracking of concrete structures

may be indications of what two conditions?
a) Serious foundation settlement of a tank overpressure uplift condition
b) Inferior material used in the anchor bolts and the concrete structure
c) Over tightening of the anchor bolts and improper mixing of the concrete
d) The tank was struck by lightning and wind caused movement of the
tank
ANS: a
Answers to API-653 Section 2, Suitability for Service
Section 3
Brittle Fracture Considerations
Q1. Incidents of tank failure due to brittle fracture have occurred shortly after
erection during hydrostatic testing or in all but which of the following incidents?
a) On the first filling in cold weather
b) After a change to a higher temperature service
c) After a change to a lower temperature service
d) After a repair or alteration
ANS: b
Q2. The risk of tank failure due to brittle fracture is considered minimal after
what condition(s)?
a) The tank has demonstrated its ability to withstand the combined effects
of maximum liquid level (highest stresses) and highest operating
temperature
b) The tank has demonstrated its ability to withstand the combined effects
of intermediate liquid level (highest stresses) and lowest operating
temperature
c) The tank has demonstrated its ability to withstand the combined effects
of maximum liquid level (highest stresses) and lowest operating
temperature
d) The tank has demonstrated its ability to withstand the combined effects
of maximum liquid level (highest stresses) and intermediate operating
temperature
ANS: c
Q3. If it is decided to change the service to a more severe service, it is

necessary to
a) Consider the need for pneumatically testing the entire tank
b) Consider the need to recalculate the effectiveness of all reinforcement
of openings
c) Consider the need for hydrostatic testing
d) Consider removing all previous welded repairs and have them redone
ANS: c
Q4. If a tank shell thickness is less than _____ inch, and an evaluation in
accordance with Section 2 of API-653 has been performed, the risk of brittle
fracture is considered to be minimal.
a) 0.01
b) 0.10
c) 0.05
d) 0.50
ANS: d
Q5. No known tank failures attributed to brittle fracture have occurred at shell
metal temperatures of _____F and above.
a) -20
b) 20
c) 40
d) 60
ANS: d
Q6. According to industry experience and laboratory tests, what membrane
stress is required to caused failure due to brittle fracture?
a) 6 ksi
b) 7 ksi
c) 10 ksi
d) 12 ksi
ANS: b
Q7. What is the lowest temperature that a tank, constructed of carbon steel of
unknown toughness, may be used? The maximum thickness of the shell
is .625
a) 40F
b) 45F
c) 50F
d) 55F
ANS: A
Q8. What is the purpose of Figure 3-1 of API-653?
a) Provides a procedure to be used in the evaluation of the remaining life
of tank bottom plates
b) Provides a procedure to be used in the evaluation of the likelihood of
floating roof pontoon failure
c) Provides an assessment procedure for evaluating aboveground
storage tanks operating at 15 psi
d) Provides an assessment procedure for evaluating atmospheric
aboveground storage tanks
ANS: D
Figure 5.2Exemption Curve for Tanks Constructed from Carbon Steel

of Unknown Material Specification:
Answers to API-653 Section 3, Brittle Fracture Considerations
Section 4
Inspection
Q1. What is the purpose of periodic in-service inspection?

a) The purpose of periodic in-service inspection, assure job security for
inspectors
b) The purpose of periodic in-service inspection, assure proper operation
of AST
c) The purpose of periodic in-service inspection is to assure continued
tank integrity
d) The purpose of periodic in-service inspection is to assure OSHA
compliance
ANS: c
Q2. Of the following, which is not a consideration that must be addressed in
determining inspection intervals for ASTs?
a) Corrosion prevention systems
b) Inspection interval of other equipment located near the tank under
consideration
c) Changes in service (including changes in water bottoms)
d) Previous inspection results
ANS: b
Q3. What methods of inspection must be considered when establishing

inspection frequencies?
a) On-stream core sample inspection
b) On-stream nondestructive inspection
c) In-service aerial inspection
d) In-service groundwater inspection
ANS: b
Q4. Close visual inspections of aboveground storage tanks, from the ground,
are required. Owner/operator personnel who may be other than the
Authorized Inspector may perform this inspection. The interval of such
inspections shall not exceed:
a) At least every five years or 1/4 the corrosion rate life of the shell
whichever is less
b) 12 months
c) 6 months
d) 1 month
ANS: d
Q5. All tanks shall be given a visual external inspection, by an Authorized

Inspector, at what frequency?
a) Inspection conducted at least every 20 years or at the quarter
corrosion rate of the bottom whichever is less
b) Inspection conducted at least every 5 years or at the quarter corrosion
rate of the bottom whichever is less
c) Inspection conducted at least every 5 years or at the quarter corrosion
rate of the shell whichever is less
d) Inspection conducted at least every 20 years or at the quarter
corrosion rate of the shell whichever is less
ANS: c
Q6. External ultrasonic thickness measurements of the shell, while the tank is
in service, can be a means of determining rate of uniform corrosion. The
extent of UT measurements shall be determined by the owner/operator. What
is maximum interval of such thickness measurements when the corrosion rate
is not known?
a) Five years
b) Three years
c) One year
d) Every three months until the corrosion rate is established
ANS: a
Q7. The minimum thickness of a tank was established at 0.585 inch. The
shell was fabricated from 3/4 inch plate and included a 0.125 inch corrosion
allowance. The tank has been in service for eight years and current ultrasonic
thickness measurements reveal an average thickness of 0.712 inch. Based
on this information determine when the next ultrasonic thickness
measurements will be required.
a) Fifteen years
b) Thirteen years
c) Eleven years
d) Nine years
ANS: corrosion rate = 0.75-0.712/8 = 0.00475/year.
Interval = (0.712- 0.71)/(2x0.00475) = 0.21years
Interval = (0.712-0.585)/(2x0.00475) = 13.36 years (b)
Q8. Internal inspections are primarily required to do all but which of the
following?
a) Ensure the internal surfaces of the tank are thoroughly cleaned
periodically
b) Identify and evaluate any tank bottom settlement
c) Ensure that the bottom is not severely corroded and leaking
d) Gather data necessary for the minimum bottom and shell thickness
assessments
ANS: a
Q9. When can the required internal inspection be performed by some method
other than visual inspection?
a) Substitution of the visual inspection is never permitted
b) If the internal inspection is required solely for determining the condition
and integrity of the tank bottom
c) If the internal inspection is required solely for determining the condition
and integrity of the tank critical zone
d) If the internal inspection is required solely for determining the condition
and integrity of the tank roof support structure
ANS: b
Q10. According to API-653, all tanks shall have a formal internal inspection
conducted at intervals defined by this standard. Who is required to conduct
the visual inspection?
a) The corrosion engineer
b) The person designated by the Authorized Inspector
c) The authorized Inspector
d) The person designated by the owner user
ANS: c
Q11. Intervals between internal inspections shall be determined by the

corrosion rates measured during previous inspections or anticipated based on
experience with tanks in similar service. The internal inspection interval shall
not exceed how many years?
a) Ten years
b) Fifteen years
c) Twenty years (without RPB)
d) Twenty-five years
ANS: d
Q12. What is the minimum thickness permitted at the next inspection for a
tank bottom designed with a means to provide detection and containment of a
bottom leak?
a) 0.01 inch
b) 0.10 inch
c) 0.50 inch
d) 0.05 inch
ANS: d
API653: 6.4.2.1 Initial Internal Inspection Interval

The initial inspection interval shall not exceed 20 years for tanks without a
Release Prevention Barrier, or 30 years for tanks with a Release Prevention
Barrier.
6.4.2.1.2 As an alternative to establishing the initial interval in accordance
with Section 6.4.2.1 and Table 6.1, the initial internal inspection date and
reassessment can be established using Risk Based Inspection (RBI)
assessment per 6.4.2.2.2.
These assessments may establish an initial inspection interval exceeding 10
years but shall not exceed 20 years for tanks without a Release Prevention
Barrier, or 30 years for tanks with a Release Prevention Barrier except as
follows..
6.4.2.2 Subsequent Internal Inspection Interval
When using the corrosion rate procedures of 6.4.2.2.1 the maximum
subsequent internal inspection interval shall be 20 years for tanks without a
Release Prevention Barrier, or 30 years for tanks with a Release Prevention
Barrier.
(20 without RPB, 30 with RPB & indefinite period of time if suggested by RBI?)
Q13. In cases where corrosion rates are not known and similar service
experience is not available, the bottom plate actual thickness shall be
determined by inspection(s) within how many years?
a) 25 years
b) 20 years
c) 15 years
d) 10 years
ANS: d
Q14. Which of the following is a recognized alternative to internal inspection
interval described in API-653?
a) Risk-based Inspection procedures (RBI)
b) Hydrostatically testing the tank every five years
c) Performing complete calculations for minimum required thickness of
the tank shell and bottom
d) API-653 does not permit any alternatives to the internal inspection intervals
ANS: a
Q15. Of the following, which would not be a factor to be considered in a Riskbased assessment of a tank?
a) Availability and effectiveness of inspection methods and quality of data
collected
b) The methods used for determining the thickness of the shell and
bottom plates
c) Effectiveness of corrosion mitigation methods
d) Names of all operators since the initial start-up of the tank
ANS: d
Q16. The owner/operator is required to maintain complete record file
consisting of three types of records. Which of the following is not one of the
three types of records.
a) Repair/alteration history
b) Fill cycles
c) Construction
d) Inspection
ANS: b
Q17. General inspection reports shall include which of the following?

a) Metal thickness measurement, repairs, conditions found, settlement
measurements, and recommendations
b) Metal thickness measurement, repairs, operational upsets, settlement
c) Metal thickness measurement, repairs, conditions found, name of
organization performing environmental impact study, and
recommendations
d) Metal thickness measurement, list of all personnel who have worked
on the tank since the last inspection, conditions found, settlement
ANS: a
Answers to API-653 Section 4, Inspection
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Section 5
Materials
Q1. All new materials used for repair, alteration, and reconstruction shall
conform to which of the following?
a) The existing material code at the time of original construction
b) The latest NFPA Code
c) The current applicable tank standards
d) Any ASME Code specification for P-1 material
ANS: c
Q2. All shell plates and bottom plates welded to the shell shall be identified.
Material identified by any of the following except _____ does not require
further identification?
a) Original contract drawings
b) API name plates
c) Suitable documentation
d) Owner/operator's experience with similar tanks in similar service
constructed of similar material
ANS: c
Q3. Each individual plate for which adequate identification can not be made;
the plate shall be _______.
a) Subjected to chemical analysis and mechanical tests as required in
ASTM A6 and A370 including Charpy V-Notch
b) Subjected to chemical analysis and mechanical tests as required in
ASTM A20 and A333 including Charpy V-Notch
c) Subjected to Brinell hardness analysis and mechanical tests as
required in ASTM A6 and A370 including Charpy V-Notch
d) Subjected to Brinell hardness analysis and mechanical tests as
required in ASTM A20 and A333 including Charpy V-Notch
ANS: a
Q4. Under what condition does API-653 require two tension specimens shall
be taken at right angles to each other from a corner of each plate? One of
those specimens must meet the specification requirements.
a) When the direction of rolling is not definitely known
b) When the welding will be conducted at a temperature less than 32F
c) When the plate is not a full size plate and may be installed with the
grain running vertical
d) When the material is not a P-1 material
ANS: a
Q5. Even when a material is identified, all shell plates and bottom plates
welded to the shell shall meet what minimum requirements?
a) The chemistry and mechanical properties of material specified for the
application with regard to thickness and design temperature given in
ASME Section II, Part A
b) The chemistry and mechanical properties of material specified for the
application with regard to thickness and design temperature given in API
Standard 650
c) The chemistry and mechanical properties of material specified for the
application with regard to thickness and design temperature given in the
owner/operator's engineering design
d) The chemistry and mechanical properties of material specified for the
application with regard to thickness and design temperature given in the
contract for the tank repair, alteration, or reconstruction
ANS: b
:
Q6. Is it permissible to reuse existing rolled structural shapes? If so what

specification applies?
a) Yes, existing rolled structural shapes shall meet the requirement of
ASTM A-20 as a minimum
b) Yes, existing rolled structural shapes shall meet the requirement of
c) Yes, existing rolled structural shapes shall meet the requirement of
d) Yes, existing rolled structural shapes shall meet the requirement of
ANS: c
Q7. Flange material must meet the minimum requirements of the material
specifications of the current applicable standard.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q8. Fasteners shall meet the material specifications of the current applicable
standard.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q9. If existing plates are to be used to reconstruct the tank, they shall be
checked for which of the following?
a) Chemical compatibility with other plates used in the reconstruction
b) Excessive corrosion and pitting
c) Mechanical strength including impact properties
d) Inadequately reinforced openings
ANS: b
API653: 7.3 Original Materials for Reconstructed Tanks

7.3.1 Shell and Bottom Plates Welded to the Shell
7.3.1.1 All shell plate materials and bottom plates welded to the shell shall be
identified. Materials identified by original contract drawings, API nameplates,
or other suitable documentation do not require further identification. Material
not identified shall be tested and identified by the requirements as outlined in
7.3.1.2. After identification, determination shall be made as to suitability of the
material for intended service.
7.3.2 Structural
Existing rolled structural shapes that are to be reused shall meet the
requirement of ASTM A7 as a minimum. New structural material shall meet
the requirements of ASTM A36 or ASTM A992 as a minimum.
NOTE ASTM A7 was a steel specification that was discontinued in the Fourth
Edition of API 650, 1970.
7.3.3 Flanges and Fasteners

7.3.3.1 Flange material shall meet the minimum requirements of the material
specifications in the as-built standard.
7.3.3.2 Fasteners shall meet the material specifications of the current
applicable standard.
7.3.2 Structural
requirement of ASTM
A7 as a minimum. New structural material

shall meet the requirements of ASTM A36 or ASTM A992 as a
minimum.
7.3.2 Structural
http://www.v2rocket.com/start/start.html
7.3.2 Structural
7.3.2 Structural: ASTM A7 as a minimum.
7.3.3 Flanges and Fasteners

7.3.3.1 Flange material shall meet the minimum requirements of the material
specifications in the as-built
standard.
7.3.3.2 Fasteners shall meet the material specifications of the
current applicable standard.
Answers to API-653 Section 5, Materials
Section 6
Design Considerations of Reconstructed
Tank
Q1. Design considerations other than normal product loading shall be

specified by the _____.
a) Organization performing the reconstruction
b) Authorized Inspector
c) Owner/operator
d) Registered professional engineer contracted by the repair organization
ANS: c
Q2. Weld joint details shall meet the requirements of which of the following?
a) API Standard 650
b) ASME Section IX only
c) The applicable standard
d) AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code
ANS: d
Q3. The thickness to be used for each shell course when checking tank
design shall be based on:
a) Measurements taken within 30 days prior to relocation
b) Measurements taken within 60 days prior to relocation
c) Measurements taken within 120 days prior to relocation
d) Measurements taken within 180 days prior to relocation
ANS: d
Q4. The maximum liquid level for hydrostatic test shall be determined by
using which of the following?
a) The nominal thickness of each shell course at the time of original
construction
b) The actual thickness measured for each shell course
c) The anticipated thickness for each shell course at the time of next
thickness measurements
d) Twice the anticipated thickness for each shell course at the time of
next thickness measurements
ANS: b
Q5. The joint efficiency and allowable stress levels for existing welded joints
that are not to be removed and replaced shall be based on which of the
following?
a) Original construction standard
b) Original degree and type of inspection
c) Current construction standard
d) Current degree and type of inspection
ANS: b
Q6. Replacement and new penetrations shall be designed, detailed, welded,
and examined to meet what requirements?
a) The current applicable standard
b) The original standard of construction
c) The requirements of the Authorized Inspector
d) The requirements of the owner/operator
ANS: a
Q7. Existing penetrations shall be evaluated for compliance with what

requirements?
a) The current applicable standard
b) The original standard of construction
c) The requirements of the Authorized Inspector
d) The requirements of the owner/operator
ANS: b
Q8. With regard to seismic design, reconstructed tanks shall be built to meet
the stability requirements of:
a) The requirements of the owner/operator
b) The requirements of the Authorized Inspector
c) The original standard of construction
d) The applicable standard
ANS: d
API653: 8.3 Existing Weld Joints

Existing weld joints shall meet the requirements of the as-built standard.
8.4.5 The joint efficiency and allowable stress levels used for the design liquid
level calculations shall be consistent with the design method used and with
the degree and type of examination made on welded joints. The joint
efficiency and allowable stress levels for existing welded joints that are not to
be removed and replaced shall be based on the original degree and type of
examination.
API653: Table 4.2Joint Efficiencies for Welded Joints
Answers to API-653 Section 6, Design
Section 7
Tank Repairs & Alterations
Q1. The basis for repairs and alterations shall be equivalent to which of the
following?
a) API-653
b) API-650
c) API-510
d) API-570
ANS: b
Q2. The minimum dimension for a replacement shall plate shall be _____
inches or ____ times the thickness of the replacement plate whichever is
______.
a) 12, 12, greater
b) 12, 12, lesser
c) 18, 18, greater
d) 18, 18, lesser
ANS:a
9.2.2 Minimum Dimensions of Replacement Shell Plate

9.2.2.1 The minimum dimension for a replacement shell plate is 12 in. or 12
times the thickness of the replacement plate, whichever is greater. The
replacement plate may be circular, oblong, square with rounded corners, or
rectangular with rounded corners except when an entire shell plate is
replaced. See Figure 9.1 for typical details of acceptable replacement shell
plates.
Q3. Unless an entire shell plate is replaced, the replacement plate may be
circular, oblong, square or rectangular provide the corners are
a) Provided with a radius of at least 1 inch (2?)
b) Provided with a radius of at least 3% of the short dimension of the plate
c) Provided with a radius of at least 3 inches
d) Provided with rounded corners
ANS: D
Q4. Prior to welding the new vertical joints, the existing horizontal joints shall
be cut for a minimum distance of _____ inches beyond the new vertical joints.
a) Six
b) Eight
c) Twelve
d) Sixteen
ANS: c
9.3.1.4 The shape of the repair plate may be circular, oblong, square, or
rectangular. All corners, except at the shell to bottom joint, shall be rounded
to a minimum radius of 2 in. The nozzle reinforcing plate shapes of API 650,
Figure 5-8, are also acceptable.
Q5. Vertical joints shall be welded before the horizontal joints.

a) True
b) False
ANS: a
Q6. For existing shell plates over thick, the outer edge of the butt weld,
attaching the replacement shell plate shall be at least _____ times the weld
thickness or _____ inches whichever is greater from the outer edge of any
existing butt-welded shell joints.
a) 12, 10
b) 10, 12
c) 8, 10
d) 10, 8
ANS: c
Q7. For existing shell plates thick and less, the outer edge of the butt weld,
attaching the replacement shell plate may be reduced to _____ inches from
the outer edge of vertical joints or _____ inches from the outer edge of
horizontal joints.
a) 10, 8 b) 9, 6
c) 6, 9 d) 6, 3
ANS: d
Q8. For existing shell plates over thick, the outer edge of the butt weld,
attaching the replacement shell plate shall be at least _____ times the weld
size or _____ inches, whichever is greater, from the edge (toe) of the fillet
weld attaching the bottom shell course to the bottom. This rule does not apply
if the replacement shell plate extends to and intersects with the bottom-toshell joint at approximately _____ degrees.
a) 8, 10, 45 b) 8, 10, 90
c) 8, 10, 60 d) There are no exceptions
ANS: b
Figure 9.1Acceptable Details for Replacement of Shell Plate Material
Figure 9.1Acceptable Details for Replacement of Shell Plate Material
Q9. The edge of any vertical weld joint attaching a replacement plate shall be
at least how far from the edge of the weld joint in the annular plate ring or
sketch plate?
a) Eight inches
b) Ten inches
c) Twelve inches
d) Six inches
ANS: 3 or 5t? (dimension C?)
Q10. Lapped patch shell repairs are an acceptable form of repair for buttwelded, lap-welded, and riveted tank shell only when specified by:
a) The Authorized Inspector
b) Repair organization
c) The insurance company
d) The owner/operator
ANS: d
Q11. Lapped patch shell repairs are not permitted on shell courses exceeding
what thickness?
a) inch
b) inch
c) 1 inch
d) 1 inch
ANS: a
Q12. When a lapped patch shell repair is used, what is the minimum
thickness permitted for the repair plate?
a) Not less than .25 inch
b) Not less than .1875 inch (3/16)
c) Not less than .50 inch
d) Not less than .375 inch
ANS: b
Q13. Repair plates for lapped patch repairs may square or rectangular in
shape. These plates must be provided with a corner radius of at least what
dimension?
a) They shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 1 inch
b) They shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 2 inches
c) They shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 3 inches
d) They shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 4 inches
ANS: b
Q14. The maximum dimension of the lapped patch repair plate vertically and
horizontally shall not exceed:
a) 24 inches vertically and 36 inches horizontally
b) 36 inches vertically and 48 inches horizontally
c) 48 inches vertically and 72 inches horizontally
d) There are no maximum dimensions
ANS: c
Q15. The minimum lapped patch repair plate dimension is what length?
a) 6 inches
b) 8 inches
c) 10 inches
d) 12 inches
ANS: 4?
API653: 9.3.1.7 The maximum vertical and horizontal dimension of the repair
plate is 48 in. and 72 in., respectively. The minimum repair plate dimension is
4 in. The repair plate shall be formed to the shell radius.
Q16. Is it permissible to install a shell opening and its reinforcement within a
properly designed lapped patch shell repair?
a) Yes
b) No
ANS: b
Q17. When a lapped patch repair plate is used to reinforce the thickness of a
shell, which of the following is correct?
a) The repair plate thickness shall be based on the latest edition of API650 and 653 using a joint efficiency not exceeding 0.35
b) The repair plate thickness shall be based on the applicable standard of
construction and API Standard 653 using a joint efficiency not exceeding
0.35
c) The repair plate thickness shall be based on the latest edition of API650 and 653 using a joint efficiency not exceeding 0.70
d) The repair plate thickness shall be based on the applicable standard of
construction and API Standard 650 using a joint efficiency not exceeding
0.70
ANS: b
Q18. With regard to the thickness of the repair plate at the perimeter of the
repair plate, when a lapped patch repair plate is used to reinforce the
thickness of a shell, which of the following is correct?
a) The repair plate shall not exceed the thickness of the shell plate by
more than 1/4th but no more than 1/8th inch. The maximum repair plate
thickness is 1/2inch.
b) The repair plate shall not exceed the thickness of the shell plate by
more than 1/3rd but no more than 1/4th inch. The maximum repair plate
c) The repair plate shall not exceed the thickness of the shell plate by
more than 1/3rd but no more than 1/8th inch. The maximum repair plate
d) The repair plate shall not exceed the thickness of the shell plate by
more than 1/4th but no more than 1/3rd inch. The maximum repair plate
ANS: c
Q19. Lapped patch repair plates may be used to repair small leaks or
minimize the potential of leaks from isolated pitting. The requirements for
thickness and design are the same as for reinforcement of shell thickness.
This type of repair may not be used to repair small leaks if what condition(s)
exists?
a) The leak is located anywhere in the first shell course within 12 inches
of a vertical joint
b) The leak of pit is in an area of the shell where there is a product to
atmosphere interface
c) There is a possibility of severe environmental impact should the repair
fail
d) If exposure of the fillet weld to the product would produce crevice
corrosion or if a corrosion cell is likely to occur between the shell plate
and the repair plate
ANS: d
Q20. An alteration to a tank shell by the addition of new plate material shall
be performed in accordance with what standard?
a) Current API 650 and latest addenda
b) API 650 edition and addenda applicable at the time of original tank
construction
c) Applicable standard
d) Tanks may not be altered by increasing height
ANS: c
Q21. Repairs to existing shell penetrations shall be in accordance with
a) API Standard 650
b) API Standard 653
c) API Standard 510
d) National Board Inspection Code
ANS: b
9.8 Addition or Replacement of Shell Penetrations

9.8.1 New shell penetrations (addition or replacement) shall be in accordance
with material, design, and stress relief requirements of API 650, Section 5.7
and in accordance with 9.8.2 through 9.8.6 of this standard.
9.9 Alteration of Existing Shell Penetrations
9.9.1 Existing shell penetrations may be altered if the altered details comply
with the requirements of API 650, Section 5.7 including the requirements for
minimum reinforcing area and the requirements for spacing of welds
around connections.
Q22. API 653 permits the addition of reinforcing plates to existing unreinforced nozzles. What requirement is necessary to add this reinforcement
to the inside of the tank?
a) The reinforcement plate may not be added to the inside of the plate
b) A telltale hole shall be drilled through the shell opposite the
reinforcement plate
c) The reinforcement plate is the same material as the nozzle and is
attached to the nozzle by full penetration weld
d) Sufficient nozzle projection exists
ANS: c
Q23. The addition or replacement of shell penetrations shall be in accordance
with
a) API-650
b) API-650 and API 653
c) API-650 and API 510
d) API-650 and AMSE Section VIII, Division 2
ANS: b
9.7 Repair of Shell Penetrations

9.7.1 Repairs to existing shell penetrations shall be in compliance with API
650, Section 5.7.
9.7.2 Reinforcing plates may be added to existing unreinforced nozzles when
deemed appropriate. The reinforcing plate shall meet all dimensional and
weld spacing requirements of API 650, Section 5.7. See Figure 9.7 and
Figure 9.8 for acceptable details.
9.7.3 As an alternative, the reinforcing plates may be added to the inside of
the tank provided that sufficient nozzle projection exists.
the reinforcing plates may be

added to the inside of the
tank provided that sufficient
nozzle projection exists.
Q24. Installation or replacement of shell penetrations greater than 2 inches

shall be installed with the use of an insert plate if what condition(s) exists?
a) The penetration is no closer than 12 inches to an existing penetration
b) The shell plate is greater than thickness and the shell plate material
does not meet current metal temperature criteria
c) The penetration is no closer than 10 inches to an existing penetration
d) The shell plate is greater than 3/16 thickness and the shell plate
material does not meet current metal temperature criteria
ANS: d
Q25. An 8 inch diameter penetration is to be installed in a shell which
requires an insert plate. What is the minimum permitted diameter of the insert
plate?
a) Eight inches
b) Twelve inches
c) Sixteen inches
d) Twenty inches
ANS: d
Q26. An insert plate containing an opening with a reinforcing plate is to be

installed in a tank. The reinforcing plate diameter is thirty-two inches. What is
the minimum diameter of the insert plate?
a) The insert plate must be 32 inches in diameter
b) The insert plate must be 44 inches in diameter
c) The insert plate must be 32 inches in diameter plus the diameter of the
opening
d) The insert plate must be 32 inches in diameter plus twice the diameter
of the opening
ANS: b
Q27. If an integral reinforcement design is used, the thickness of the insert
plate, at its periphery and for a distance of 2t from the edge of the weld, shall
be the same thickness as the shell. If it is not, the insert plate shall have a
______ taper to match the shell plate thickness.
a) 1:2 b) 1:3
c) 1:4 d) 1:5
ANS: c
Q28. When it is necessary to install a new tank bottom above an existing

bottom, it may be necessary to alter existing shell penetrations. This
procedure may require the existing reinforcing plate to be removed and a new
reinforcement plate added. This is not permitted when what condition exists?
a) The assembly was originally hardness tested
b) The existing assembly was not impact tested
c) The existing assembly was fabricated from re-claimed material
d) The existing assembly was stress relieved
ANS: d
Q29. New reinforcing plates shall be installed in accordance with Fig. 7-2a of
API-653. In order to maintain weld spacing, what shape reinforcing plate is
permitted?
a) Oval
b) Diamond
c) Tombstone
d) Circular is the only permitted shape
ANS: c
Q30. No welding or weld overlays are permitted within the Critical Zone
except for welding of widely scattered pits, cracks in the bottom plates, the
shell-to-bottom weld, or where the bottom or annular plate is being replaced.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q31. API Standard 653 defines the Critical Zone for repairs to tank bottoms
as what?
a) That portion of the bottom or annular plate within 3" from the inside
edge of the shell, measured radially inward
b) Within the annular plate ring, within 12 inches of the shell, or within 12
inches of the inside edge of the annular plate ring
c) That portion of the bottom or annular plate within 6" from the inside
edge of the shell, measured radially inward
d) Within the annular plate ring, within 3" of the shell, or within 12 inches
of the inside edge of the annular plate ring
ANS: a
Q32. If more extensive repairs are required within the Critical Zone than
those listed in 7.10.1.2, what must be done with the bottom plate?
a) As long as the repairs do not involve the bottom plate, nothing needs to
be done
b) The bottom plate welded to the shell shall be cut out and a new plate
installed
c) The bottom plate shall be subjected to suitable nondestructive
examination to ensure it has not be adversely affected by the repair
d) The bottom plate and the bottom shell course shall be replaced as an
assembly
ANS: b
Q33. When it is necessary to install a new bottom plate over an existing
bottom plate, a suitable ______ material cushion such as sand, gravel or
concrete shall be used between the old bottom and the new bottom.
a) Drainage b) Compacted
c) Non-corrosive d) Non-conductive
ANS: c
Q34. When a new tank bottom has been installed in a floating roof tank, what
consideration must given to the floating roof level?
a) The floating roof will find its own level
b) The support legs can be jacked up or shortened by the same amount
as the thickness of the cushion and new bottom plate
c) The support legs can be jacked up or shortened by the same amount
as the thickness of the cushion
d) The support legs can be jacked up or shortened by the same amount
as the thickness of the new bottom plate
ANS: b
Q35. Which of the following is not acceptable when removing an existing tank
bottom, with regard to the separation of the shell from the tank bottom?
a) Cutting the shell parallel to the tank bottom a minimum of above the
bottom to shell weld
b) Removing the entire shell to bottom attachment weld including
penetration and heat affect zone
c) Removing the entire shell to bottom attachment weld by arc gouging
and/or grinding
d) Cutting the shell parallel to the tank bottom a minimum of above the
bottom to shell weld
ANS: d
9.10.2.3 When removing an existing tank bottom, the tank shell shall be
separated from tank bottom either by:
a) cutting the shell parallel to the tank bottom a minimum of 1/2 in. above the
bottom-to-shell weld (cut line B-B as shown in Figure 10.1), or
Q36. For installation of a new tank bottom in a tank with shell plates of
unknown toughness, not exempted in Table 10-1 of API-653, new welds in
the bottom or annular ring shall be spaced at least the greater of _____
inches or ____t from existing vertical weld joints in the bottom shell course. (t
is the thickness of the bottom shell course)
a) three, five
b) six, five
c) five, three
d) five, six
ANS: a
Q37.What is the minimum thickness of new roof plates for supported cone
roofs?
a) 7/16
b) 5/16
c) 3/16
d) 1/16
ANS: c
Q38. The nominal thickness of new roof plates for self-supporting roofs shall
be equal to or greater than _____ inch not to exceed _____ inch.
a) 1/4th, 5/8th
b) 5/16th, 1/2
c) 3/16th, 5/16th
d) 3/16th, 1/2
ANS: c
Q39. Repairs to internal floating roofs shall be made in accordance with the
original construction drawings. To what requirements shall repairs be made if
the original construction drawings are not available?
a) The original construction standard
b) Appendix H of API Standard 650 (internal floating roof)
c) Appendix G of API Standard 650 (supported Al doom roof)
d) Appendix C of API Standard 650 (external floating roof)
ANS: b
Q40. To minimize evaporation losses and reduce potential hazard to workers,

no more than ____ of the roof seal system should be out of an in-service tank
at one time.
a) One-eighth
b) One-fourth
c) One-half
d) Three-quarters
ANS: b
Q41. Mechanical damage to floating roof perimeter seals shall be repaired or
replaced. How are buckled parts handled?
a) They shall be replaced
b) They may be straightened in place
c) They may be heated and bent back into position
d) They may be removed straightened and re-installed
ANS: a
Q42. With regard to installation of primary and secondary seals, what must be
done if the roof rim thickness is less than 0.10 inch.
a) The roof rim shall be thoroughly inspected for damage and corrosion, if
it is satisfactory then nothing further needs to be done
b) It shall be replaced. The new roof rim shall be 3/16 inch thickness
minimum
c) It shall be replaced. The new roof rim shall be 1/4 inch thickness
minimum
d) The tank must be condemned and dismantled
ANS: b
Q43. What is the maximum hot tap connection permitted in an in-service tank
with a minimum shell thickness of 3/8 inch? The material is of recognized
toughness.
a) NPS 6 b) NPS 8
c) NPS 14 d) NPS 18
ANS: c
Q44. The owner/operator requires a connection to be made in an in-service

tank. The shell material is of unknown toughness and the thickness is 1.25.
The minimum design metal temperature is 45F. What is the maximum
diameter hot tap connection that may be installed in this tank?
a) NPS 18 b) NPS 14
c) NPS 8
d) NPS 4
ANS: d
Q45. The minimum height of tank liquid relative to the hot tap location shall be
at least ______ during the hot tapping operation.
a) The tank liquid shall be at least 3 feet below the hot tap location
b) The tank liquid shall be at least 1 foot above the hot tap location
c) The tank liquid shall be at least 3 feet above the hot tap location
d) The tank liquid shall be at least 1 foot below the hot tap location
ANS: c
Q46. It is permissible to perform hot taps on the roof of a tank or within the
gas/vapor space.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q47. The owner/operator requires an NPS 3 nozzle to be installed in an inservice tank. The tank is 110 feet in diameter, 60 feet maximum fill height,
shell thickness at the point of hot tap is .75, and the material is of unknown
toughness with a minimum design metal temperature of 38F. This nozzle is
to be installed adjacent to an existing nozzle. What is the minimum spacing
between these nozzles?
a) Minimum distance is 22.24
b) Minimum distance is 9.08
c) Minimum distance is 19.08
d) Minimum distance is 2.24
ANS: (RT) = 22.25 A
9.14.3 Preparatory Work
9.14.3.1 Minimum spacing in any direction (toe-to-toe of welds) between the
hot tap and adjacent nozzles shall be equivalent to the square root of RT
where R is the tank shell radius, in inches, and T is the shell plate thickness,
in inches.
Q48. When installing a pipe nozzle into an in-service tank, how shall the pipe
nozzle be prepared?
a) The pipe nozzle must be cut to the contour of the tank and prepared for
full fillet welding
b) The pipe nozzle shall be cut to the contour of the tank and beveled to a
depth of not more than 1/3 the nozzle thickness to ensure partial
penetration groove welding
c) The pipe nozzle shall be cut to the contour of the tank and beveled to a
depth of not less than 1/3 the nozzle thickness to ensure partial
penetration groove welding
d) The pipe nozzle shall be cut to the contour of the tank and beveled
from the outside for a full penetration weld
ANS: d
Q49. After the reinforcing pad is installed, the pad shall be subjected to a
pneumatic test.
a) True
b) False
ANS: a
Q50. After the valve has been installed on the flange, a pressure test of at
least ______ shall be performed on the nozzle prior to mounting the hot tap
machine.
a) The same pressure as the pneumatic test of the reinforcing pad
b) 1.25 times the hydrostatic head
c) 1.5 times the hydrostatic head
d) 2.0 times the hydrostatic head (to account for the added stress of the
machine)
ANS: c
Answers to API-653 Section 7, Repair/Alteration
Section 8
Dismantling & Reconstruction
1. Bottom plates that will be reused shall be cut by de-seaming of lap-welds

or by cutting alongside of the remaining welds at a minimum of _______
away from existing welds.
a) One inch
b) Two inches
c) Four inches
d) Six inches
Reference API-653, Paragraph 8.3.2.1
2. Shell plates may be cut by any of the following methods except
a) Shell rings thick or thinner can be dismantled by cutting through the
weld without removing the heat affected zone
b) Cuts made a minimum of 6 away from existing welds except where
cuts cross existing welds
c) Cuts made a minimum of 2 away from existing welds except where
d) Any shell ring may be dismantled by cutting out existing weld seams
and the heat affected zone of the weld
ANS: ANS:
3. API-653 requires that new vertical joints in adjacent shell courses not be in
alignment. What is the minimum offset dimension of these joints?
a) Vertical joints shall be offset a minimum of 5 inches or 5t which ever is
greater
b) Vertical joints shall be offset a minimum of 5t where t is the plate
thickness of the thicker course at the point of offset
c) Vertical joints shall be offset a minimum of 5t where t is the plate
thickness of the thinner course at the point of offset
d) Vertical joints shall be offset a minimum of 5 inches or 5t which ever is
less
Reference: API-653, Paragraph 8.4.2.1
4. Roof plates shall be cut by de-seaming of lap-welds or by cutting alongside
of the remaining welds at a minimum of _______ away from existing welds.
a) One inch
b) Two inches
c) Four inches
d) Six inches
ANS: ANS:
5. In the reconstruction of aboveground storage tanks, welding shall be by

any of the following welding processes except.
a) Submerged arc welding
b) Oxyfuel
c) Gas metal-arc
d) Forging
Reference API-653, Paragraph 8.4.2.2 and API-650 5.2.1
6. No welding of any kind may be performed when the surfaces to be welded
are wet from rain, snow, or ice. When rain or snow is falling or during high
wind conditions, welding is permitted provided:
a) The welder is secured to an anti-fall device and the work is properly
grounded
b) The welder has agreed to work in such conditions
c) The welder and the work are properly shielded
d) The owner/operator takes full responsibility for the safety of the welder
and the quality of the welds
ANS: ANS:
7. According to API-653, no welding is permitted when the temperature of the

base metal is below what value?
a) Base metal temperature below -20F
b) Base metal temperature below 0F
c) Base metal temperature below 20F
d) Base metal temperature below 30F
Reference API-653, Paragraph 8.4.2.3
8. If the base metal is greater than 1 thickness or the temperature of the
base metal is between 0F and 32F what requirement does API-653
stipulate?
a) The base metal within 3 inches of the weld area shall be heated to a
temperature that is warm to the hand (approximately 180F)
b) The base metal within 8 inches of the weld area shall be heated to a
c) The base metal within 3 inches of the weld area shall be heated to a
d) The base metal within 8 inches of the weld area shall be heated to a
9. What is the maximum permissible undercut of the base metal for vertical
joints?
a) 1/64
b) 1/32
c) 1/19
d) 1/16
10. What is the maximum permissible undercut of the base metal for
horizontal joints?
a) 1/64
b) 1/32
c) 1/19
d) 1/16
ANS: ANS:
11. What is the maximum weld reinforcement thickness permitted on each

side of the plate for a plate, which is 7/8 thick? Vertical joints
Horizontal
joints
a)
3/32 1/8
b)
1/8
3/16
c)
3/16 1/4
d)
1/4
5/16
ANS: ANS:
Section 8
Dismantling & Reconstruction
Q1. Bottom plates that will be reused shall be cut by de-seaming of lap-welds
or by cutting alongside of the remaining welds at a minimum of _______
away from existing welds.
a) One inch
b) Two inches
c) Four inches
d) Six inches (shell ring)
ANS: b
Q2. Shell plates may be cut by any of the following methods except
a) Shell rings thick or thinner can be dismantled by cutting through the
weld without removing the heat affected zone
b) Cuts made a minimum of 6 away from existing welds except where
c) Cuts made a minimum of 2 away from existing welds except where
cuts cross existing welds (bottom plate)
d) Any shell ring may be dismantled by cutting out existing weld seams
and the heat affected zone of the weld
ANS: C
AST Tanks
AST Tanks
Q3. API-653 requires that new vertical joints in adjacent shell courses not be
in alignment. What is the minimum offset dimension of these joints?
a) Vertical joints shall be offset a minimum of 5 inches or 5t which ever is
greater
b) Vertical joints shall be offset a minimum of 5t where t is the plate
thickness of the thicker course at the point of offset
c) Vertical joints shall be offset a minimum of 5t where t is the plate
thickness of the thinner course at the point of offset
d) Vertical joints shall be offset a minimum of 5 inches or 5t which ever is
less
ANS: b
10.4.2 Welding
10.4.2.1 Provisions shall be made during the reconstruction of a tank to
ensure that weld spacing requirements of Figure 9.1 are maintained. New
vertical joints in adjacent shell courses, made in accordance with 10.3.3.1,
shall not be aligned but shall be offset from each other a minimum distance of
5t, where t is the plate thickness of the thicker course at the point of the offset.
Q4. Roof plates shall be cut by de-seaming of lap-welds or by cutting

alongside of the remaining welds at a minimum of _______ away from
existing welds.
a) One inch
b) Two inches
c) Four inches
d) Six inches
ANS: b
Comment:
Shell
Roof/Bottom
6
2
Q5. In the reconstruction of aboveground storage tanks, welding shall be by

any of the following welding processes except.
a) Submerged arc welding
b) Oxyfuel
c) Gas metal-arc
d) Forging
ANS: B
Q6. No welding of any kind may be performed when the surfaces to be
welded are wet from rain, snow, or ice. When rain or snow is falling or during
high wind conditions, welding is permitted provided:
a) The welder is secured to an anti-fall device and the work is properly
grounded
b) The welder has agreed to work in such conditions
c) The welder and the work are properly shielded
d) The owner/operator takes full responsibility for the safety of the welder
and the quality of the welds
ANS: c
Q7. According to API-653, no welding is permitted when the temperature of

the base metal is below what value?
a) Base metal temperature below -20F
b) Base metal temperature below 0F
c) Base metal temperature below 20F
d) Base metal temperature below 30F
ANS: B
Q8. If the base metal is greater than 1 thickness or the temperature of the
base metal is between 0F and 32F what requirement does API-653
stipulate?
a) The base metal within 3 inches of the weld area shall be heated to a
b) The base metal within 8 inches of the weld area shall be heated to a
c) The base metal within 3 inches of the weld area shall be heated to a
d) The base metal within 8 inches of the weld area shall be heated to a
ANS: C
Q9. What is the maximum permissible undercut of the base metal for vertical
joints?
a) 1/64
b) 1/32
c) 1/19
d) 1/16
ANS: a
Q10. What is the maximum permissible undercut of the base metal for
horizontal joints?
a) 1/64
b) 1/32
c) 1/19
d) 1/16
ANS: b
Q11. What is the maximum weld reinforcement thickness permitted on each

side of the plate for a plate, which is 7/8 thick?
Vertical joints Horizontal joints
a)
3/32 1/8
b)
1/8
3/16
c)
3/16 1/4
d)
1/4
5/16
ANS: B
Q12. Tack welds used in the assembly of vertical joints in tank shells may
remain in place when the joints are welded manually provided:
a) They are properly cleaned of all weld slag
b) They are sound
c) Liquid Penetrant or Magnetic Particle examination is performed
d) They shall not remain
ANS: d
Q13. What are the requirements for making tack welds according API-653?
a) If the tack weld is to be removed, it must be made using qualified weld
procedure and qualified welder
b) If the tack weld is to remain in place, it must be made using qualified
weld procedure and qualified welder
c) If the tack weld is to remain in place, it may be made using any weld
procedure acceptable to the owner/operator
d) If the tack weld is to be removed, it may be made by any welder
wishing to gain experience provided the process is the SMAW process
ANS: B
Q14. All coatings must be removed from the weld area prior to welding except
weldable primer coatings. What must done if these primer coatings are used?
a) Weldable primer coatings must also be removed
b) If the coating is applied by brush it may remain provided the application
is performed to a written procedure
c) They shall be included in welding procedure qualification tests for
brand, formulation, and maximum thickness of primer applied
d) They shall be included in welding procedure qualification tests for the
method of application either by brushing or by spraying or a combination
of the two.
ANS: C
Q15. When welding tank bottoms, when should the shell-to-bottom weld be
completed?
a) This joint (except for door sheets) can be welded as soon as the
bottom plates are laid out and welded
b) This joint (except for door sheets) shall be welded as soon as the first
bottom weld joint is completed to prevent distortion
c) This joint (except for door sheets) shall be welded as work progresses
around the tank bottom
d) This joint (except for door sheets) shall be completed before the
welding of bottom joints
ANS: D
Q16. What is the maximum permissible misalignment of vertical joints in shell
plates that are .9375 thick?
a) .125
b) .09375
c) .009375
d) .0125
ANS: a
Q17 What is the maximum permissible misalignment of vertical joints in shell

plates that are .625 thick?
a) .0625
b) .00625
c) .125
d) .0125
ANS: a
Vertical Weld
t > 5/8 misalignment 10%t or 1/8 max
t 5/8 misalignment 1/16
Q18. Vertical joints shall be completed before the lower horizontal weld is
made.
a) True
b) False
ANS: a
Q19. In completing horizontal joints, what is the maximum projection of the

upper plate, beyond the face of the lower plate, at any point for plate
thickness of 1.125
a) .25
b) .225
c) .125
d) .0125
ANS: C
Q20. When welding horizontal and vertical joints constructed of material that
is over 1.5 thick, based on the thickness of the thicker part, what is the
required preheat temperature?
a) Preheating is not required
b) 140F
c) 200F
d) 300F
ANS: c
Q21. When shall measurements be taken to verify tolerances of

reconstructed tanks?
a) After hydrostatic testing
b) Before hydrostatic testing
c) After lay out of all plates
d) After fit-up and tack welding used for alignment purposes
ANS: b
10.5.1.2 Measurements to verify these tolerances shall be taken before the
hydrostatic test of the reconstructed tank.
Q22. What is the maximum out-of-plumbness of the top of the shell relative to
the bottom of the shell of a tank with a total height of 62.25 feet?
a) 7.47
b) .6225
c) 6.25
d) 5
ANS: d
Q23. An aboveground storage tank is 115 feet in diameter. What is the

maximum or minimum radius permitted measured at one foot above the shellto-bottom weld?
Maximum
Minimum
a)
115.75
114.25
b)
690.75
689.25
c)
1380.75
1379.25
d)
115.5
114.5
ANS: c
Q24. An aboveground reconstructed tank is 126.5 feet in diameter. What is

the maximum or minimum radius permitted measured at the second shell
course up from the bottom?
Maximum
Minimum
a)
759.75
758.25
b)
761.25
756.75
c)
1520.25
1515.75
d)
128.75
124.25
ANS: c
Radius & Diameter are not Gravitational Wave!

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Q25. Peaking shall not exceed . This is measured using a horizontal

sweep board of what dimensions?
a) The sweep board shall be 48 long and made to the true outside radius
of the tank
b) The sweep board shall be 48 long and made to the true inside radius
of the tank
c) The sweep board shall be 36 long and made to the true outside radius
of the tank
d) The sweep board shall be 36 long and made to the true inside radius
of the tank
ANS: c
Q26. Banding shall not exceed ____ with a vertical 36 long sweep board.
a) One half inch
b) Three quarter inch
c) One inch
d) One and one eighth inch
ANS: c
Q27. The top of the concrete ringwall of a reconstructed tank, that is 115 feet
in diameter, must be level within 1/8 in any 30 feet of circumference. What
is the tolerance measured from the average elevation?
a) 1/8
b) 3/16
c) 1/2
d) 1/4
ANS: d
Q28. Where concrete ringwalls are not provided, the foundation under the
shell shall be level to within what tolerances?
a) 1/8 in any 30 of the circumference and 1/2 in the total
circumference measured from the average elevation
b) 1/8 in any 10 of the circumference and 1/2 in the total
c) 1/8 in any 10 of the circumference and 1/4 in the total
d) 1/8 in any 30 of the circumference and 1/4 in the total
ANS: b
Q29. For foundations specified to be sloped from a horizontal plane, the

actual elevation shall not deviate from the calculated differences by more than
which of the following where concrete ringwalls are provided?
circumference
circumference
ANS: d
Q30. For foundations specified to be sloped from a horizontal plane, the

actual elevation shall not deviate from the calculated differences by more than
which of the following where concrete ringwalls are not provided?
circumference
circumference
ANS: b
Answers to API-653 Section 8, Dismantling & Reconstruction
Section 9
Welding
Q1. Welding procedure specifications and welders and welding operators

shall be qualified in accordance with __________.
a) Original code of construction
b) Owner/operators specification
c) Section IX of the ASME Code
d) Repair organizations specifications
ANS: c
Q2. According to API Standard 653, if the material specification for the steel
from an existing tank is unknown or obsolete what must be done?
a) The material can not be used for tank reconstruction
b) Test coupons for the WPS shall be taken from the actual plate to be
used
c) Test coupons for the WPS may be taken from a similar material of
known specification
d) Test coupons for the WPS shall only be taken from weld filler metal
and not from the base metal
ANS: b
Q3. Each welder and welding operator shall be assigned ________.

a) Only one joint to ensure traceabilitiy
b) A specific welding machine
c) An identifying number, letter, or symbol
d) Weld joints on only one side of the tank
ANS: c
Q4. How does each welder and welding operator identify the welds produced
by them?
a) Each welder and welding operators identification mark shall be hand
or machine stamped adjacent to each completed weld.
b) Each welder and welding operator shall inform the owner/operator
which welds he or she completed
c) Each welder and welding operator shall show the inspector exactly
which welds they completed
d) Each welder and welding operator shall inform the owner/operator
which welds they will be making prior to the start of such welding
ANS: a
Q5. At what intervals must the welder and welding operators identification be
stamped adjacent to the completed welds?
a) Identification shall be at intervals not to exceed 9 feet
b) Identification shall be at intervals not to exceed 7.5 feet
c) Identification shall be at intervals not to exceed 6 feet
d) Identification shall be at intervals not to exceed 3 feet
ANS: d
Q6. In lieu of stamping, a record may be kept that identifies the welder or
welding operator for each welded joint.
a) True
b) False
ANS: a
Q7. What welds do not require welders identification?

a) All welds require identification
b) Vertical welded joints which are located within the final shell course
since this course will be subjected to relatively low stresses
c) Roof plate welds and flange-to-nozzle-neck welds
d) Roof plate welds and bottom plate welds
ANS: c
Answers to API-653 Section 9, Welding
Section 10
Examination & Testing
Q1. Nondestructive examination procedures, qualifications, and acceptance

criteria is required for VT, MT, UT, PT, and RT methods and must be in
accordance with what Code or Standard?
a) ASME Code Section V, Nondestructive examination
b) API Standard 650 only
c) API Standard 650 and the supplements given in API-653
d) Owner/operators specifications
ANS: c
Q2. Personnel performing nondestructive examination shall be qualified in
accordance with _____.
a) API Standard 650 and the supplemental requirements of API-653
b) ASME Code Section V, Nondestructive Examination
c) SNT-TC-1A
d) The owner/operators specifications
ANS: a
Q3. When it is necessary to install a hot tap connection or add a reinforcing

plate to an existing un-reinforced penetration, API 653 requires what type,
extent, and purpose of examination.
a) Magnetic particle examination for slight sub-surface discontinuities
shall be performed in an area equal to twice the diameter of the opening
b) Radiographic examination for cracking shall be performed in the
immediate area
c) Ultrasonic examination for cracking shall be performed in the
immediate area
d) Ultrasonic examination for lamination shall be performed in the
immediate area
ANS: d
4. Completed welds attaching nozzle neck to shell, and reinforcing plate to
shell and nozzle neck, shall be examined by _______.
a) Ultrasonic or Radiography
b) Magnetic Particle or Liquid Penetrant
c) Visual examination or Liquid Penetrant
d) Ultrasonic or Magnetic Particle
ANS: b
Q5. How and when does API Standard 653 require the examination of welds
of completed stress relieved assemblies?
a) Completed welds of stress relieved assemblies shall be examined
visually only after stress relief and hydrostatic test
b) Completed welds of stress relieved assemblies shall be examined
visually as well as by ultrasonic methods after stress relief but before
hydrostatic test
c) Completed welds of stress relieved assemblies shall be examined
visually as well as by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods after
stress relief but before hydrostatic test
d) Completed welds of stress relieved assemblies shall be examined
visually or by radiography after stress relief but before hydrostatic test
ANS: c
12.1.2.4 Completed welds of stress-relieved assemblies shall be examined by
the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods after stress relief, but before
hydrostatic testing.
Q6. Completed butt welds between insert plates and the shell require what
type and extent of examination?
a) Complete radiography
b) Spot Radiography
c) Random Radiography
d) Random Spot Radiography
ANS: a
12.2.1.8 For penetrations installed using insert plates as described in 9.8.6,
the completed butt welds between the
insert plate and the shell plate shall be fully radiographed.
Q7. In repairing butt weld flaws, what type and extent of examination is
required by API-653?
a) Random examination by radiography or ultrasonic methods of the full
length of repair
b) Examined full length of the repair by liquid penetrant or magnetic
particle methods
c) Examined at three foot intervals by radiography or ultrasonic methods
d) Examined full length of the repair by radiography or ultrasonic methods
ANS: d
Q8. Completed repairs of fillet welds shall be examined over their full length
by the appropriate nondestructive method listed in API-653.
a) True
b) False
ANS: a
Q9. With regards to new welds attaching shell plate to shell plate, what
method(s) of examination is/are required on the completed weld?
a) Visual
b) Visual and Radiography
c) Visual and magnetic particle or liquid penetrant
d) Visual and ultrasonic
ANS: b
Q10. With regards to new welds attaching shell plate to shell plate for plate
thickness greater than one inch, what additional extent and method of
examination is required by API-653?
a) The back gouged surface of the root and final pass (each side) shall be
examined for its complete length by the Inspector
b) The back gouged surface of the root and final pass (each side) shall be
examined for its complete length visually
c) The back gouged surface of the root and final pass (each side) shall be
examined for its complete length by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant
d) The back gouged surface of the root and final pass (each side) shall be
examined for its complete length by ultrasonic
ANS: c
Q11. New welding on the shell-to-bottom joint shall be inspected for its entire
length by _____ and _______ or ________.
a) Visual examination, liquid penetrant , magnetic particle
b) Right-angle vacuum box and solution film, light diesel oil
c) Visual examination, ultrasonic, eddy current
d) Visual examination, wet fluorescent magnetic particle, helium tracer
gas
ANS: a
Q12. In applying light diesel oil to the opposite side of the first pass of new
shell-to-bottom joints, how long must the oil remain on the weld and what is
the weld inspected for?
a) The oil shall be allowed to stand at least four hours and the weld
inspected for wicking action
b) The oil shall be allowed to stand at least three hours and the weld
c) The oil shall be allowed to stand at least two hours and the weld
d) The oil shall be allowed to stand at least one hour and the weld
ANS: a
Q13. The existing weld at the shell-to-bottom joint shall be examined visually
and magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods, for the full length under a
welded-on patch plate. How much additional shell-to-bottom joint must be
examined?
a) Three inches on each side of the patch plate
b) Six inches on each side of the patch plate
c) nine inches on each side of the patch plate
d) twelve inches on each side of the patch plate
ANS: d
Q14. How and to what extent are newly welded bottom joints tested?
a) Newly welded bottom joints shall be tested their entire length using
liquid penetrant
b) Newly welded bottom joints shall be tested their entire length using a
vacuum box and a solution film, or a tracer gas and detector
c) Newly welded bottom joints shall be tested their entire length using
visual and ultrasonic examination
d) Newly welded bottom joints shall be tested their entire length using wet
fluorescent magnetic particle examination
ANS: b
Q15. What are the requirements, regarding examination, of a welded-on

patch plate in the critical zone?
a) The final weld shall be examined by radiography over its entire length
b) Root and final pass shall be examined by radiography over its entire
length
c) The root and final pass shall be examined visually over its entire length
d) The root and final pass shall be examined visually and by magnetic
particle of liquid penetrant method over its entire length
ANS: d
Q16. API-653 requires the number and location of radiographs to in
accordance with API-650. In addition, API-653 requires how many and what
location for new or repaired shell vertical joints?
a) For new or repaired shell vertical joints one radiograph shall be taken
in each fifty foot length
b) For new or repaired shell vertical joints one radiograph shall be taken
in each twenty-five foot length
c) For new or repaired shell vertical joints one radiograph shall be taken
in every joint
d) For new or repaired shell vertical joints one radiograph shall be taken
in every other joint
Q15. What are the requirements, regarding examination, of a welded-on

patch plate in the critical zone?
a) The final weld shall be examined by radiography over its entire length
b) Root and final pass shall be examined by radiography over its entire
length
c) The root and final pass shall be examined visually over its entire length
d) The root and final pass shall be examined visually and by magnetic
particle of liquid penetrant method over its entire length
ANS: d
location for new or repaired shell vertical joints?
a) For new or repaired shell vertical joints one radiograph shall be taken
in each fifty foot length
b) For new or repaired shell vertical joints one radiograph shall be taken
in each twenty-five foot length
c) For new or repaired shell vertical joints one radiograph shall be taken
in every joint
d) For new or repaired shell vertical joints one radiograph shall be taken
in every other joint

location for new or repaired shell horizontal joints?
a) For new or repaired shell horizontal joints one radiograph shall be
taken in each twenty-five feet of horizontal joint including those required
at intersections of vertical and horizontal joints
b) For new or repaired shell horizontal joints one radiograph shall be
taken in each twenty-five feet of horizontal joint not including those
required at intersections of vertical and horizontal joints
c) For new or repaired shell horizontal joints one radiograph shall be
taken in each fifty feet of horizontal joint including those required at
intersections of vertical and horizontal joints
d) For new or repaired shell horizontal joints one radiograph shall be
taken in each fifty feet of horizontal joint not including those required at
intersections of vertical and horizontal joints
ANS: d
Q18. API-653 requires two radiographs to be taken at each new or

replacement intersection between vertical and horizontal joints. One to
comply with the requirement for vertical joints and one to comply with the
requirements for horizontal joints.
a) True
b) False
ANS: b
Q19. For reconstructed tanks, each butt-welded annular plate joint shall be
radiographed in accordance with which of the following?
a) API-650
b) ASME - Section V
c) API-653 and API-575
d) Owner/operator's specifications
ANS: a
Q20. For reconstructed tanks, radiographic examination is required for what

percentage of all junctions of new welds over existing seams?
a) 100%
b) 75%
c) 50%
d) 25%
ANS: a
Q21. Radiographic examination is required for new and replaced shell insert
plate and door shell welds. What are the minimum number and location of
such radiographs?
a) Circular plates - four radiographs are required, one at each quadrant
b) Square or rectangular - two radiographs are required in each vertical
joint and one in a horizontal joint
c) Circular plates - one radiograph and for square or rectangular - one in
a vertical joint, one in a horizontal joint, and one in each corner
d) Circular and square of rectangular new or replaced insert plates
require 100% examination
ANS: c
Q22. What is the minimum diagnostic length of each radiograph?

a) The minimum diagnostic length of each radiograph shall be six inches
b) The minimum diagnostic length of each radiograph shall be three
inches
c) The minimum diagnostic length of each radiograph shall be nine inches
d) The minimum diagnostic length of each radiograph shall be twelve
inches
ANS: a
Q23. If the radiograph of an intersection between a new and old weld
discloses discontinuities, which are unacceptable by current standards, what
must be done?
a) The unacceptable welds must be removed and made in accordance
with current standards
b) The unacceptable welds shall be repaired to bring them in to
compliance
c) The existing welds may be evaluated according to the original standard
of construction
d) The existing welds shall be evaluated using the acceptance criteria of
ASME Section VIII
ANS: c
Q24. Radiographs and radiograph records of all repaired welds shall be

marked with what letter(s)?
a) "RW" (Repaired Weld)
b) "WR" (Weld Repair)
c) "A" (Accepted repair)
d) "R"
ANS: d
Q25. Hydrostatic testing is required for reconstructed tanks and tanks that
have undergone major repairs or alterations. What is the minimum length of
time the hydrostatic test must be held?
a) The time is up to the discretion of the Inspector
b) Twenty-four hours
c) The time is up to the discretion of the owner/operator
d) Twelve hours
ANS: b
Q26. Major repair and major alteration is defined by API-653 by which of the
following?
a) Cutting, addition, removal and/or replacement of the annular plate ring
only if the plate is less than 1/2" thick
b) Cutting, addition, removal an/or replacement of the annular plate ring,
the shell-to-bottom weld, or a sizeable portion of the shell
c) Cutting, addition, removal an/or replacement of the annular plate ring,
the shell-to-bottom weld, or a 100 square inch portion of the shell
d) Cutting, addition, removal an/or replacement of the annular plate ring,
the shell-to-bottom weld, or a sizeable portion of the shell in shell material
greater than 3/4" thick
ANS: b
Q27. Of the following, which would not be considered a major repair or
alteration?
a) The installation of a shell penetration NPS 12 above the design liquid
level
b) The installation of a shell penetration NPS 12 below the design liquid
level
c) Jacking of a tank shell
d) The complete of partial removal and replacement of more than 12
Q28. A full hydrostatic test of the tank is not required for major repairs and
alterations when certain conditions are met. Where would you look for these
conditions?
a) API-650 Paragraph 5.3.6
b) API-RP-575 Paragraph 7.5
c) API-510 Paragraph 6.4
d) API-653 Paragraph 10.3.2
ANS: d
Q29. Hydrostatic testing is not required for shell repairs when all but which of
the following are complied with?
a) Impact test requirements shall follow appropriate portions of API-650
and must be specified in the repair procedure
b) New vertical and horizontal shell butt-welds must have complete
penetration and fusion
c) New materials shall meet the current edition of ASME Section II Part A
d) Finished weld must be examined by radiography
ANS: c
Q30. If the owner/operator elects to utilize a fitness-for-service evaluation to

exempt a repair form hydrostatic testing, who perform the evaluation?
a) Fitness-for-service evaluations may not be used to exempt hydrostatic
testing following a repair
b) The Authorized Inspector
c) Engineer experienced in storage tank design and the evaluation
methods used
d) Exemption of hydrostatic testing for repairs can only be given by the
jurisdiction
ANS: c
Q31. When settlement is anticipated, a tank that is to be hydrostatically tested
shall:
a) Have the plumbness checked
b) Have the water tested to ensure it is potable
c) Have the perimeter dike system checked
d) Have the foundation checked for settlement
ANS: d
Q32. The tank settlement shall initially be surveyed with the tank empty. What
is the minimum number of settlement measurement points for a tank which is
110 feet in diameter?
a) Minimum number of settlement points is 11
b) Minimum number of settlement points is 32
c) Minimum number of settlement points is 8
d) Minimum number of settlement points is 12
ANS: d
Q33. The tank settlement shall initially be surveyed with the tank empty. What
is the minimum number of settlement measurement points for a tank which is
60 feet in diameter?
a) Minimum number of settlement points is 12
b) Minimum number of settlement points is 6
c) Minimum number of settlement points is 8
d) Minimum number of settlement points is 4
ANS: c
Q34. Regardless of the minimum number of settlement measurement points

required, what is the maximum spacing between settlement measurement
points?
a) 24 feet
b) 32 feet
c) 36 feet
d) 40 feet
ANS: b
Q35. When shall settlement be measured?
a) Settlement shall be measured after the water reaches 100% of test
level and again when the tank is emptied
b) Settlement shall be measured during filling and when the water
reaches 80% of test level
c) Settlement shall be measured during filling and when the water
reaches 100% of test level
d) Settlement shall be measured during filling and when the water
reaches 100% of test level and during emptying of the tank
ANS: d
12.5.3 Settlement Survey During Hydrostatic Testing

When a settlement survey is required in accordance with 12.5.1, tank
settlement shall be measured during filling and when the test water reaches
100 % of the test level.
12.5.2 The minimum number of elevation points shall be as indicated by the
following equation:
N = D/10
where
D is the tank diameter, in feet (ft).
And
N is the minimum required number of settlement measurement points, but no
less than eight. All values of N shall be rounded to the next higher even
whole number. The maximum spacing between settlement measurement
points shall be 32 ft.
Answers to API-653 Section 10, Examination and Testing
Section 11
Marking
Q1. Tanks that are reconstructed, in accordance with API-653 shall be

identified by a corrosion-resistant metal nameplate. What is the size
requirement for the letters and numerals to be used on this nameplate and
how are they applied to the nameplate?
a) Letters and numerals not less than 1/2" high shall be embossed, engraved,
or stamped in the plate
b) Letters and numerals not less than 1/4" high shall be embossed, engraved,
or stamped in the plate
c) Letters and numerals not less than 5/32" high shall be painted on the plate
or embossed, engraved, or stamped in the plate
d) Letters and numerals not less than 5/32" high shall be embossed,
engraved, or stamped in the plate
ANS: d
Q2. Where should the new nameplate be attached and what should be done
with the existing nameplate
a) The new nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to the
existing nameplate. The existing nameplate shall be cleaned or suitably
reconditioned
b) The new nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to the
existing nameplate. The existing nameplate shall be left attached to the tank
c) The new nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to the
existing nameplate. The existing nameplate shall be removed and placed in
the tank record file
d) The new nameplate shall be attached to the tank shell adjacent to the
existing nameplate. The existing nameplate shall then be discarded
ANS: b
Q3. All but which of the following information shall be made part of the
owner/operator's records for aboveground storage tanks?
a) Names of all operators of the tank
b) Calculations
c) Construction and repair drawings
d) Additional supporting data
ANS: a
Answers to API-653 Section 11, Marking
Section 12
Appendix B Evaluation of Tank Bottom
Settlement
Q1. External measurements for tank settlement shall be taken at points

having a maximum spacing of ____ around the circumference.
a) 24 feet
b) 28 feet
c) 32 feet
d) 36 feet
ANS: c
Q2. Regardless of tank size, what is the minimum number of settlement point
measurements?
a) Four
b) Eight
c) Twelve
d) Based on the formula 10
ANS: b
Q3. Internal measurement for tank bottom settlement taken across the
diameter of the tank must be taken at what maximum spacing?
a) 10 feet
b) 24 feet
c) 32 feet
d) 4 feet
ANS: a
Q4. Which of the following is not listed as settlement component?
a) Uniform settlement
b) Rigid body tilting of a tank (planar tilt)
c) Out-of-plane settlement (differential settlement)
d) Soil undermining (total tank sinking)
ANS: d
Q5. What type of settlement is depicted here?

a) Bottom settlement near tank shell
b) Edge settlement
c) Localized bottom remote from tank shell
d) Planar settlement
ANS: b
Q6. Using the formula in B-3.2, determine the maximum permissible

deflection (out of plane distortion) for a tank with the following data reported.
Diameter
110 feet
Height
60 feet
Material
Carbon Steel (Young's modulus = 29,000,000 psi)
Yield strength 30,000psi
Arc length
31.4 feet
between measurements
a) S = .09 feet
b) S = .9 feet
c) S = 9 feet
d) S = .009 feet
ANS: Smax = 31.4x31.4x30000x11/ (2x29000000x60) = a
Q7. What is the maximum depth of a local depression in a tank bottom if the
radius of an inscribed circle is equal to 7.5 feet?
a) BB = .2775 inches
b) BB = 2.775 inches
c) BB = 27.75 inches
d) BB = .02775 inches
ANS: BB = 0.37R = B
Answers to API-653 Appendix B, Tank Bottom Settlement
Good Luck!
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