SDH Bit Rates

STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
STM-64

155 Mbit/s
620 Mbit/s
2500 Mbit/s
10 Gbit/s

EN/FAD 109 0015

STM = Synchronous Transport Module

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

Mapping of PDH Signals

2 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
34 Mbit/s

x3

155 Mbit/s

STM-1

620 Mbit/s

STM-4

x1
x4
x 16

2500 Mbit/s STM-16

EN/FAD 109 0015

140 Mbit/s

x 63

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

EN/FAD 109 0015

SDH Advantages
Cost efficient and flexible networking
Built in capacity for advanced network management
and maintenance capabilities
Simplified multiplexing and demultiplexing
Low rate tributaries visible within the high speed
signal. Enables direct access to these signals.
Ability to transport existing digital hierarchies and
future signals, e.g. ATM
Cost efficient allocation of bandwidth
Fault isolation and management
Byte interleaved multiplexing and demultiplexing
GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

Containers, C
Justification bits

Container

EN/FAD 109 0015

PDH
Stream

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

Virtual Containers, VC
Path Overhead

Virtual
Container

EN/FAD 109 0015

Container

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

SDH Multiplexing Structure

VC-4

TUG-3
x3

140 Mbit/s

TU-3

VC-3

C-3

34 Mbit/s

TU-12

VC-12

C-12

2 Mbit/s

x1

TUG-2
x7

AU-4

AUG
x1

= OH Processing
EN/FAD 109 0015

C-4

x3

STM-N
xN

= Multiplexing
= Aligning

= Pointer Processing

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

= Mapping

C:
VC:
TU:
TUG:
AU:
AUG:

Container
Virtual Container
Tributary Unit
Tributary Unit Group
Administrative Unit
Administrative Unit Group

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

Tributary/Administrative Units, TU/AU

Pointer

Virtual
Container

VC may float inside

TU or AU using the
justification bytes
(to handle asynchronism
inside the SDH network)

EN/FAD 109 0015

Aligning

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

From 2 Mbit/s to STM-1 (simplified)

Justification

2 Mbit/s

+ SOH

VC-12

+ POH

VC-4

STM-1

+ POH

EN/FAD 109 0015

SOH : Section Overhead

POH: Path Overhead

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

General transport module, STM-N

N 270 columns
N 9

N 261

RSOH
3

AU pointer
9 rows

Payload

MSOH

EN/FAD 109 0015

9
SOH: Section Overhead
AU: Administration Unit
11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

MSOH: Multiplexer Section Overhead

RSOH: Repeater Section Overhead
GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

The VC-4 has a flexible position in STM-1

VC-4 no. 0
STM-1
no. 1
VC-4 no. 1

VC-4 no. 2

EN/FAD 109 0015

STM-1
no. 2

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

STM-1 Frame
270 columns
9 columns

OH
9 rows

Payload
OH
125 us

EN/FAD 109 0015

9 x 270 x 8
Rate =

bit/s = 155.52 Mbit/s

125 x 10-6

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64 Frames

9 rows x 1 080 columns
Rate = 622.08 Mbit/s

STM-16:

9 rows x 4 320 columns

Rate = 2 488.32 Mbit/s

STM-64:

9 rows x 17 280 columns

Rate = 9 953.28 Mbit/s

EN/FAD 109 0015

STM-4:

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

STM-4 Frame

Column 1
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
Row 5
Row 6
Row 7
Row 8
Row 9

36 37

1080

Regenerator Section
Overhead (RSOH)
AU Pointers

(Payload)

Multiplex Section
Overhead (MSOH)

EN/FAD 109 0015

Speed of STM-4
1080 x 9 x 8 Bit / 125 s = 622.080 Mbit/s

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

STM-16 Frame

Column 1
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
Row 5
Row 6
Row 7
Row 8
Row 9

146 147

4320

Regenerator Section
Overhead (RSOH)
AU Pointers

(Payload)

Multiplex Section
Overhead (MSOH)

EN/FAD 109 0015

Speed of STM-4
4320 x 9 x 8 Bit / 125 s = 2488.32 Mbit/s

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

Sections and paths

VC-n
VC-n
MUX
MUX

VC-4
VC-4
MUX
MUX

STM-N
STM-N
MUX
MUX

STM-N
STM-N
MUX
MUX

VC-n
VC-n
MUX
MUX

VC-4
VC-4
MUX
MUX

Regenarator
section
Multiplex section
Higher-order path

EN/FAD 109 0015

Lower-order path

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

Multiplexers and a digital cross-connect

Cross-connect
STM-N

Multiplexers

STM-N

STM-N

STM-N

DXC
STM-N

STM-N

STM-N

ADM

STM-N

TM

STM-N

2-140 Mbit/s

2-140 Mbit/s

EN/FAD 109 0015

2-140 Mbit/s

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

Logical and Physical Network

Logical Layer
- Higher Order Path (HOP)
- Lower Order Path (LOP)

Physical Layer
- Multiplex Section (MS)
- Regenerator Section (RS)

EN/FAD 109 0015

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

Logical and Physical Network, contd.

MS
2 Mbit/s

TM

RS

IR

RS

ADM
MS

HOP (VC-4)

DXC

LOP (VC-12)

MS
HOP (VC-4)

ADM
MS

EN/FAD 109 0015

2 Mbit/s

TM
11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

MS

ADM
GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

Protection Methods
MSP (Multiplex Section Protection)
Physical protection
* 1+1 Hot Standby
* 1:N Cold Standby

SNCP (Sub Network Connection Protection)

Logical protection
* 1+1 Hot Standby
* 1:N Cold Standby

EN/FAD 109 0015

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

Protection Methods
SHR (Self Healing Ring)
Physical protection
* MS-USHR (Unidirectional SHR)
* MS-BSHR (Bidirectional SHR)
= MS-SPRing (Shared Protection Ring)

EN/FAD 109 0015

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

BSHR

EN/FAD 109 0015

Max (N*X)/2 STM-1

can access a STM-N
ring with X NE:s

Each section is used to 50%

traffic & 50% standby

MSC-MSC Network
11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning

Digital Distribution Frame

MUX
MUX

DDF

MUX
MUX

EN/FAD 109 0015

MUX
MUX

MUX
MUX

11/ 038 13 - EN/LZU 108 3816 Rev A

GSM Network Planning -Transmission Overview/Planning