15.

4 Water and Ion Balance

in Blood
Bio 30

Warm-up

What would happen if you

stopped drinking water?

Asap Science:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCheAc
pFkL8&list=UUC552Sd-3nyi_tk2BudLUzA

Kidneys
Filtering system for blood
Regulates volume and
concentration of ions in blood.

Water Balance

Water Balance

Two hormones control water balance

in your body
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) and
Aldosterone

ADH = Antidiuretic Hormone

hormone that causes the kidneys to increase
water reabsorption
reduces urine output

Kidneys are wildly inefficient and filter 120ml

of blood per minute
99% of substances filtered are returned to
your blood
Without ADH to cause reabsorption of water
your urine output would be close to 119ml per
minute. (Your bladder can only hold about
500ml!)

Dehydration:

Decreased water volume in blood due

to:
Decreased intake
Increase in water loss
Ex: sweating

Osmoreceptors
Sensory receptors in hypothalamus that detect
changes in osmotic pressure of the blood and
extracellular fluids
Low water Receptors shrink and send
signals to pituitary

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.

Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
senses a need for water. (**You feel
thirsty)
Hypothalamus stimulates pituitary
ADH is released from the pituitary.
It targets the collecting duct in the
nephron (in kidney).
ADH causes kidneys to reabsorb
more water and produce more
concentrated urine
Blood vessels in body constrict
Blood concentration returned to
normal due to water absorption.
Cells in hypothalamus swell and
turn off the hypothalamus.

Lets draw it

Diabetes Insipidus
Disease related to kidney function
Pituitary does not secrete ADH
OR kidney does not respond to ADH
Danger of dehydration

Diabetes Insipidus vs. Mellitus?

Memory trick?

DID YOU KNOW

Alcohol consumption decreases the

release of ADH
What does that mean?

Blood Volume & Aldosterone

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA, in the
kidney) detects changes in blood pressure
Causes release of renin (enzyme) which
converts angiotensinogen to active form
angiotensin
Two functions of angiotensin:

1. Constricts blood vessels

2. Stimulates the release of aldosterone

*Aldosterone (hormone) secreted when blood

volume is low
Causes increases reabsorption of Na+ in the
kidneys

ADH vs. Aldosterone

Compare and contrast ADH and
aldosterone
Consider:

Function
Gland
Feedback mechanism

Factor
ADH

Aldosterone

Secreted
from

Function

Feedback
mechanism

Assignment
Do 15.5 First! We are correcting them
at 1:35pm
Ch. 15.4 Qs Due tomorrow

You should be finished ALL sections

by now

Reminder: Unit Exam on Thursday,

second period.

Chapter Qs

Great study tool!

Did you notice any similarities between
your chapter questions and short answer
questions?!?

For 15.1, 15.2 and 15.3

Discuss with your desk partners:
Which question(s) from each section
was the most difficult?
Which question was the easiest?

Review

How are you going to study?

Learning Inventory?
Classroom notes?
Textbook?
Chapter Assignment Qs?
Review booklets?
Unit Review in textbook?
Online Resources?