The Cost of Feedback System 1. Loss of gain 2. Increased number of smponents and complexity 3. Possibility of instability Amplitude} Brsaueny Gq) Low-paue Shier Armplitade| reauency Gy) wigh-pass fear ‘Amplitade| Praag (© Noth Oher Figure 25. Frequency response characteristics of some common filters. Farmaco =< = tom EsOpeiisloop land closed-loop control differ from each other in the following aspects: Close loop control involves closed-loop operation or feedback, counters the effects of disturbances due to the action of negative feedback, a . be unstable, ic. the controlled variable (plant output) can cither oseillate or grow beyond bounds. Open-loop control © involves open-loop operation, © can counter the effects of known disturbances only while other @kreyelopeta of Lyfe Support Systems (EOLSS) (CONTROL SYSTEMS, ROBOTICS, AND AUTOMATION - Val 1- Barc Elements of Control Systems - Gani Praceda Reo dist ss cannot be taken into account, and © if the controlled object (plant) is itself stable, the control system remains stable. An open-loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback. FIGURE 1.1 Process to be put >] Process FP Onipot controle. FIGURE 1.2 Open-toop control system (without feedback) Desired output ‘Actuating ‘sponse device 2} Process FP opiThe Concept of Stability * Absolute stability + Stability r * Relative stability + The methods for the determination of stability Fs of linear continuous-time systems: a * Routh-Hurwitz criterion i a * Nyquist criterion * Bode diagram sabe | unstable A stable system is a dynamic system with a bounded response to a bounded input