The Roots of the Cold War

The roots of the Cold War lay in the competing ideological

systems between the U.S.A. and the Soviet Union.
USA: spread its system of Democracy & Capitalism
USSR: use Totalitarian rule to see nations adopt Communism
In 1945 as the end of the war
neared, the Big Three of Roosevelt,
Churchill, and Stalin met in Yalta:
formation of United Nations.
a plan on how Germany would be
divided up at the end of the war.
liberated nations to have free
elections.
Stalin even agreed to let Poland
have free elections, yeah right!

Soviet-Eastern Bloc
A couple months later, at Potsdam the Big Three disagreed and
!
tensions
grew.
Stalin viewed capitalist governments in
the West as a threat so
Soviets created buffer zone of
communist governments in satellite
nations he and other communist
leaders controlled, *prevented free
elections and *seized industrial
properties

An Iron Curtain has fallen -1946

Truman Doctrine-1947
I believe it must be
the policy of the U.S.
to support free
peoples who are
resisting attempts by
armed minorities or by
outside pressures.

Marshall Plan-1948

Secretary of State George

Marshall proposes plan to aid
war-torn nations of Europe.
Marshall believed that aid
($13,000,000,000) would create
strong European allies and
trading partners for the U.S.A.

The Division of Germany

Germany was divided USSR controlled the eastern bloc,
East Germany.
USA, Britain, & France controlled
the western bloc - West Germany.
Berlin itself was divided into West
Berlin and East Berlin

Berlin Blockade & Airlift

In 1948 the Russians attempted to limit
access to the Western sector of Berlin =
Berlin Blockade
The U.S. responded to this blockade with
the Berlin Airlift = U.S. flew tons of food,
fuel, and other materials into West Berlin.
It is a Humanitarian victory for the US and
Stalin comes out lookin da fool.

Berlin Wall

East Berlin

1961- USSR builds Berlin Wall.

The Berlin Wall became a
physical symbol of the iron
curtain and the conflict between
democracy & communism.
West Berlin

N.A.T.O. - North Atlantic Treaty Organization

In response to the Soviets blockade of Berlin, The West
form a military alliance called NATO.
NATO -collective security, where each NATO member
pledged to defend other NATO nations from attack.
The Soviet Union responded by creating the Warsaw Pact
with its eastern allies and satellite nations.

The Korean War, 1950-1953

Korea - former colony of Japan,

was divided into two zones after
World War II.
North Korea became a
communist nation supported by
China and the U.S.S.R.
South Korea became a
democratic nation supported by
the U.S.A.
The dividing line was the 38th
Parallel line.

The Korean War

1950, North Korea invaded the South.
The U.S. pushed for the United Nations to
send U.N. troops (mostly Americans) to South Korea.
Korean War became the first war to use an international
peace keeping force (United Nations) to halt an aggression.

The Truman-MacArthur Controversy

Pres. Truman sent General
Douglas MacArthur to command
U.S. forces in occupied Japan &
then to Korea.
The Chinese became alarmed at
the US-aided offensive and sent
large numbers of troops to aide
North Korea.
MacArthur wanted to push toward
China even if it took the bomb!
Pres. Truman disagreed with
MacArthur and relieved MacArthur
of his command believing it was
necessary to keep control over the
military.

End of the Korean War

1952, Dwight Eisenhower is elected
President of U.S.A.
1953, the U.S. and North Korea signed an
armistice ending hostilities.
The agreement called for a DMZ
(demilitarized zone)
Result of the war was the border between the
North Korea and South Korea remained the
same as before the war began.

The Arms Race

In 1945 at the end of WW II, the
U.S.A. was the sole atomic power
in the world. (Manhattan Project)
By 1949, the U.S.S.R. had
developed their own bomb.
During the 1950s, the U.S.
leaders decided to rely
proliferation of nuclear weapons
for defenseSoviets did the
some resulting in M.A.D.

The Soviets Launch Sputnik, 1957

Sputnik was the worlds
first artificial satellite to be
sent into space.
Suddenly we realized we
were falling behind the
Russians in space
technology.
NASA was estab. soon after.
America started placing a
higher emphasize on
science and technology in
schools.

House Un-American Activities Committee

Following World War II, Americans
feared a Communist takeover from
within the U.S.A. > Red Scare on
steroids.
Many Americans were accused of
un-American activitiesoften at the
cost of individuals constitutional
rights.
The House Un-America Activities
Committee aka HUAC was
created by Congress to investigate
movie actors, directors, and writers
about their possible Communist
sympathies.

The McCarthy Hearings

In the 1950s, Senator Joseph
McCarthy led the hunt for
communists in America-created
an air of fear like the Red Scare
of the 1920s, but he never
provided any real proof.
The bullying tactic used to
destroy a persons reputation
without evidence is called
McCarthyism.

The Rosenberg Trials

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were
charged with selling national secrets
to the Soviet Union (USSR).
In 1950, the Rosenberg's were found
guilty and executed for spying.
In 1997, the U.S. Govt. released the
Venona Papers which proved Soviet
espionage did take place.

Domestic Policy Under Pres. Eisenhower

Interstate Highway Act (1956) created a system of
federal highways.
Pres. Eisenhower had pushed for this highway system
to make sure the military could travel rapidly, including
the idea of emergent runways.
This highway system
would change how
Americans travel,
vacation, & where
they would live.

Domestic Policy Under Pres. Eisenhower

Men returning from war married their
sweethearts and a baby boom led to
large families and an increase in
consumer spending.
G.I. Bill paid for vets to go to college,
leading to higher paying jobs.

1957

1945

Whythe
thedecrease?
increase?
Why

Domestic Policy Under Pres. Eisenhower

Low Interest housing loans to
military vets created a housing
boom.
Home ownership jumped by
50% as developers built cheap,
mass-produced sub-divisions,
like Levittown.
People started moving to the
suburbs causing inner city
decay and creating ghettos.