a8 COMMENTARY ty8 of epic ~da = everydey -g. CE K, Meister, Die hom. Kunstsprachs, p. 74. Similar forms occur in later poets: Nic. AL. 221 Bpoxavdarat, Orph. 247. 12 eloopdaras, Or. Sib. 5, 126 and 172 nxaniarae, Secundus Poe 3 BAP. 8.31 adders (OPC-3, 67 dopa, QS. 1420 242. tmiyaye is ecsier to parallel than éejlaae: $. Aj. 1189, Pl. Tim. 33a, Aesch, Cts. 140, ec., and cf. Th. 176 n, Acschines may have juoted the line with the tnmetrical Saxe given by his manuscripts; heir agreement with -he direct tradition over the word order is against Sauppe's idea that he vead dees pe ore Xwidv Spod wai Aowdv: malnutrition reduces sine, ad we id de nd ed ope a in ‘Thue. 1. 23. 3 (cf 2.54), orac. gp. Oenom. Gad. ap. Eus. PE 5, 19. (aot Parkc-Wormalh’ Or Sih. 25.3 339, el dog BiviBousn 68 Rat : Jl. 5. 643, but this context is better paral- Ieled by 1. 10 vodeer dvd oxparer poe kam, édéxorzo 8¢ Naot; E. Hel. 1327-9 dyhoa meBia pis | ob xopriCova" dparats | Aaa 4Oeiper rede. ‘244-5. The lines were rejected by Plutarch, followed by Proclus, who relers to them as rods év roMois fepojdvous Sve orixous. This may n there were copies without them, or it may just be an affected imitation of the manacr of Alexandrian scholarship. Aeschines omits them, perhaps only oceause the misfortunes they specily were not relevant to his purpose, though the coincidence with Plutarch gives gone to pause. They seam needed to balance 235, and their language is Hesiodie enough. All bur papyri ofthe passage have them, and Mr. R, Renchan has pointed out to me that 243-4 may be echoed in A. 1, 603 f ele” dy 5h qrpapel utr dwoperdBuce yorecs, | noupdrepas 8 Eyovot ovuyepsy noni yipas tenabe. (088% yovaikes rixrouaw: either through sterility or miscarriage, ef. 235 n. Gen. 20:18 ‘or the Lord had made every woman in ‘Abimelech’s household barren on account of Abrahatn’s wife Sarah’. The clumsy rhythm, with -ree long by position in the second thesis (Th, p. 97), results hom recasting 235. sas na uot Bé oteou: ef. $253 X. Cee. 3. 15 xaxdis 82 rovraw mpar- kot petoivrat. The phrase recurs less aptly in Hl. 17. 798, 2 congrtion oe clos gy Troe, p 8) 1s dpadyomvyrw: sce on gg and Th. 626. hore’ € ebre at lineend: The 831 and Homer. 16. 5 Tov ye oxpordv eipiv émGAcoey : Advice f a Prince 1113 ‘If citizens of Nippur are brought to him for judgement, but he accepts ' present and improperly convicts them, Enlil, lord of the lands, will bring a forcign army against him and slaughter his army’; cf, Levit. 26: 16, 25, Deut, a: 52, and the Irish Brehon Laws cited on 225-47. i: The 6 n.3 Studie in Greek Blegy and lambs, p. 115. 8 ye: earactertie reinforcement inthe second member a in 2a, 732, Ul. 3. 409, Od. 2. 927, h. 7. 28, ele, see Kahner-Gerth, i. 8364 Simiarly tn Latin, eg; Ving. G4 257, 4-9 457, Hor, lamb, 9.29, C. 1. 9. 163 Leo, Anaiecta Plautina, 1 24 f= Ausgae. hi. Scr. stance to 246-51) COMMENTARY 219 4, 96 ‘Tt has the effect of giving more body ¢o the elause that lacks the verb? (Nisbet-Hubbard on Hor. C. Le.) 247. Kpovibnsémorsivurasairav :Acschinesmiequntestinderthein~ luence of 230, but stil provides weleome evidence forthe antiquity of noreiwrar. Peppmiller’s droatreras, adopted by Reach, was based on Asc’ emparion ‘wi, Deiostene adept 70 vouruc wal neti orparch wal néheis dpi ela dpmacudias ox rie Tovrovalura anton tie phrase dairy eifora ede i 17. 922. Ch also 12, 419 (shipwreck) Qed 8" éoaivure réoror. One manuscript has dratvore for drerebro in il. 16. For Zeus sinking ships ef. 668. This last item matches the lat item dn the account of the just community. 248. The kings are finally addressed, In fact the whole of the pre- ceding passoge, irom 220 if not earlier (cl. p. §0), is a message for them, not for Peres, Baoudaes: forthe form ef. 2635 Hl. 11. 151 tras (Hay Ate 4-2 pplerique); A. Dem. 137 soni (aes cod., corresi). from *ye also in "605 ris, 18. 475 rere, Od. 7. 110 reyeioaas, 8. 291 “Hos, ve a8 shown by wn flows and by he co ete ho el he i wasn vt dt do olor (ns), and Ze we sce ise Be Std who auertion trait in az0"47. The godt are atendeag cm aun tp in 25-47 The god e enig gone Mott C02 tC 7a el madres Darang | ‘ravroien reNtbovreséniorpudicin nélras | dv Dpcimuan iBpe re kai ebvoyine ’ eBBer, and si fir. 15t, 506.8N.; Trag. adesp. 485 oby eiSer ids | 86ahuds, cys BY fort xalnep dv xpéow; 496. 2 néppn yap ovis 6 Deoy eyydBer Phere 250, bpilorrat simple verb aller the compound, se Th. bg ms but itis the simple verb that Hesiod normally uses. 51. BAMAous rpiBouer: hese sound like litigants, but perhaps210 COMMENTARY Gas-6 in the gods’ eyes litigants and judges are all much on a level, as cor Ryovres : Il. 16. 368, also of men wh ‘mw on &Riyovres: I. 16. 388, ‘men who pervert The 220 hy arr 252. pis yép pupiot: perhaps ‘thrice countless’ (xpls as in xpuo- cexdupss, cte.)s clear examples of popior = 10' do not emenge before the ith century. (5. 0 soedyeon. 3 Sendyaon) Ty's xe might be right, el. Te goqn.; we fn pioytAwt expressing ah ime precise large number in Men. dsp. 354, D. 564, and it would be liable fo be replaced by the more common repens (Emp. B 15,6, Ar. iv. 1196, Pl Symp. 175¢, Men. Epit. 1088, 4.P. 7. 128. 3). But the scribe may just have been remembering the simlar lin beginning ‘which he had copied nine hundred verses belore, Th. 364. 253. Znyvds S0hants OvnrSv doBpumuv: 123 nh.y 124-5. On the double genitive, equivalent to ‘Zeus’ mortal-watchers, see Wilamo- wikzon EHP 70: amis doesnot expresowrneship butrather author. ship and supervision, as in Call. HL 1, 79 duds... doderuy, Cl. also Od. 24. 944 duds ‘Goat; 9. 411 voboor.. duds peyddov Ml. 17. gat Snip Aids atoav; 12.'209 diss répas alyidyo10; 5. Qt duds byBpor; Ba, 176 dubs oy 20.121 Lys «Bro Se. 328 dareport warpie ibs adyadyovo. ‘254. 0% pa: Th. 268 n, Verb developing the cognate noun as in Th. 346-7 (6h), +e: for its placing a'ier guddeaovow instead of after Bixas see Dennis- ton, p. 519 (Wi.) He quotes no example earlier than Aeschylus, and the only other one I can quote is Il 1. 417 ua x” dxvnopor nal dilupés. Under his section (v) (prepositions) add Op. 113, 525 (ve); He 1,928, dni re wholas nai vias; 6.317 ey7i0s ve IIpuduots wat “Exropes; perhaps Sem. 7. 43 ax 7 tamsivis (rebpis Meineke) wai wahorpiBicos Svou. al oxérhta fpya: after 238. 35s. hapa fovduern: lke Dike in 225. wavy gorravees or alav: cf. 100n. dourdoe was used of the ies fogs ree. Sores eG 57 1. 87 Vl “Ocnomaus and Sextus follow ths verse with 04, 17. 487 (quoted on 2g fi), Sextus giving Spas 7 wa even, a8 does Pato who adapts it from Homer (Soph, 216b). The line may have been interpolated in ‘some texts of Hesiod, but a quoting author's memory could ‘be responsible for the contamination, 256.4 Bere wagon; resuming the imagery of a20 and (in ‘pointing’ back to ft. raplévos signifies not that she is resolutely in- ‘corruptible (Chrysippus, SVF iii, 198. 11; ef. Pl. Le. 943e) but that she is purer than most of her surroundings (cf, 198 n.) and deserves respect (257) 8 (Pt or his tradition) i foreign to hesameters. ‘ibs éxyeyauia: T?. go2 (born to Themis together with Eunomi Sp Bee) Tn anton aotralies Ze te acne cas (36). 57-60) COMMENTARY an 257. Veots: Od. 5. 4476. albotos ude z* ert vat dBentrou Deotow, dsbobe fore teres Didnoors Alem 2 $F betel Sebpase Bose het ofthe Diora: Fete nee thes Une inter non. in Stob. t,t. 31, v. § wpeoBiovas re Bois “Yyxetas. The Sec would make ike Ss fans h, Dem 18 nde Deda (BB 970 1x. Bea); h, Her. 551 Bec epotine Baiuor; Sem. 7. 102 Bvayeréa bear (Ges Grote); Vir. 4: 576 sant dram; imal deers dvdpar, Bed fetran, etc. (Kihner-Gerth, i, 339). There are similar variants ot $1998 rade adores drs duke Bporr[Broret. ips eh Th. 783. ar a a __ Sverdbuv : ‘scorning’ her, showing lack of proper respect for her in his specch. This rare verb can be qualified by oxolas because the speech in question is the same as in 262-3, the pronouncement of Judgments. 1259, This litte scene is developed by A. fr. 530 M, (282 LL-J.), ‘where Dike tells how her seat is by Zeus’ throne, and he sends her down to visit men; she insribes their wrongs in his register. (CE E, Fraenkel, Eronas 52, 1954, 73 f. = Kl. Batr. i. 260 f,) In Sol. 4. 15 she just exon ovieibe ra yryropeva xpd 2 térra, | 7 52 ypdvw ravros WO" daoreioojtm. See also the Euripidean passages cited on 249, and Trag. adesp. 486, 493, 495. Other examples of a god receiving a report of mortal misdeeds from a servant are Od. 12. 374 (Helios from his nymph-caughter) ; [Hes fr. 60, Find. P. 3. 27 (Apollo from H. 4. 216 (Hera from Iris, who then sits dawn at the sie Oe a J. 1. 493 ff —she sits before him (to clasp his knees) and tells him of the wrong cone to Achilles, asking that the Achaeans shall sulle for, the inuse oftheir King (-4:0)—and expecially in the passage about Litai as daughters of Zeus, I 9 510 ff, 6:8 x’ deja: Fol ve onepeie Enon, [ Nocorra 8° dpe rl ye Ale Riparian moton | 1G Arye dy’ Enea, tra Poses dxoreley. ‘Elsewhere Dike’s seat beside Zeus is tated as something per- manent. Orph. fr. 23 ap. [Dem.} 25. 11 macd rév rod duds Gpovor gnoi abnudny (ry Alesp) dura rd rv dodpdiruw epopdv; S. OC 1381 C5 later wnters cited by Lobeck, dglaophama, pp. 306 i; H. Kantorex wicz, AJA 58, 1953, 65 ff. Similarly with other gods who represent Aspects of Zeus’ power, or principles guaranteed by him: Zelos, Nike, Kratos, Bie (Th. 388, cf. Call. H. 1, 67; in a different sense Moschicn, TrGF 97 F 6. 16) Themis (Pind, 0. 8. 21}; Aidos (S. OC 1267), perels he the" (84 but here fli ann srarpl: “he father (84,143, ete), but here following 256 we cannot help king tas "her father 58 wecanne aBeLopevn: so Ares, coming to complain of maltreatment by Diomeses, fl. 5. 869 tip 58 At Roovins nadie oy evar ‘rl mo date ine eta ap 3 Jon ynpver: sin Th. 28 dhqdda'yyploneds on a par with focSea jeer, 204 Hesiod does not beer to think of this poewe (but notaa COMMENTARY 260-5, Homeric) verb as meaning ‘sing’. He clides -a in verb endings also in 384, 583, 702, 712, 800, according to normal epic practice. buy un-Homerc word, alo in 272354 Hem. 9103 Bue h, Dem. 367, Sapph. 1. 20, ete. BBucow is the eifcler Leta, it outbids tea in ancient attestation, and it i supported by Soh. 4.7 Byan 8 ‘iveudvan aBuwos vos. 261. BaorAéay : Homer has only Paocdjuw (cight times, all at verse end). Ck 248m. ‘Auypa votovres: of 286 éole vote; Then. 737 6 ; vocinres | moicewr; 946 dpria névra tocir; 1298 me vwadqeres) Hat. 3. 81. 3 of Mépopor maxév vodoust. Avypd as in Th. 313, Aiyp' «lvias. voéav remains uncontracted in Homes, 262. &AAq: ‘astray’, as in Ul. 1. 1203 ef, LS] éMwr TL. 9. ‘rapehivont: perhaps intransitive as in fi 23, 424, exfiivovor Sxaion; Thgn. 945 f. clus wap oriume dpbiy db pace | whuduevos. Or Bixas may be the object of both verbs; they bend them from the straight by pronouncing them oxohie. Bleag onohids dviovees: ch 18. 508 Ste i 263. BaoiAjs : 248 n. The vocative within the clause does not form. 1a separate colon, and I’prefer not to comma it of. See Bekker, Hom. Bieter, i 268 f.; Wackernagel, KI. Seb. 125,43 973 n. 2; E. Fraenkel, Sitz.-Ber. bayer. Ak. 1965 (2), 71-3. Picking up oxahuas iodrorres, of 194 pOoior onoliois deem. They are the érea of Th, 84/90. The unmetrical variant blag ‘was generated by 262 and 264; it was also what the scribe expected 3 objet ef 9 Ome Rsures; Sl 4. 6 iB 3 Bnas oxo; Pind P4159 eine Dats Bear Heron 2. 99 ry Bc Se | ren ‘eiBepuitr, 1264. Bupodayor: backing up BaotXjes as in 39. Sethions br he pelng ee They: Bgng (adding h 4p. 48 ryouéur, vi. youd). del wdyx0 AdBeo¥e : Th. 296 n. i 25-4, These lok like a par of preexisting proverb, not expecially appropriate here, though one can sec why they might come into Hejl head: Ch post For the settee Oa. 1 wand nie erelpat, wand etpBed x° dujoners rag. adesp. 952, 5781 Ps. 7: 15-16, 91 19°16, 57/6, Prov! 26:27, Bee 10: 6, Abigar a0 fin, ll variants of the that digs a pit for others falis into i himsel?; Iasi. of “Onchshestongy 21. 11 ‘there is none that plays a trick and is not himself tricked’. Itisadapted into a prayer in Thgn. 1089 ef wore Bovdevoayue anc, abr éxorpe | eB 14 xcivos duck, Ss réooy airés éyo. 266, Fendered as malum cénslium cénsullor pessinun est, became 2 Roman rover (Otto, Sprichcérier d. Rémer, p. 90; Morel, Frag. Poet. Lat, P. 90) ‘or the form of 265, *he who Xs A, Xs Bcf. 997,975 of + aid wand rede: cl. Od. 21. 304 of 8 adrd xpire xaxéo tpero, The re is the epic generalizing re; itis usually found only in association with relative pronouns, other particles, or certain other 265-2) COMMENTARY 23 words, but ifwe take diy need redyur a5 equivalent toa subordinate clause we can teat this a the apodtic se recognised by Denton, B. 534 (Il. 1. 218 dc we Scots envnelByran tha + éxloov aired [Bt ps-Phut), 4. 161, 12. 48 [8° three codd.)}, or alternatively we can pputit with the exceptions to the general rule (Ul. 16. 688 ~ 17. 176, 19. ‘221, perhaps Od. 1. 392, Th. 87; Denriston, p. 535). Rzach's "is fan easy change, but 7” is already attested by Arstoile and ‘was ‘evidently found acceptable in antiquity, while it would not be an avi, lomatie ye for epi. Tiki omision ofthe pare ig his own idea; Q.5. 5, 510 and 10. ns lines with of Sig, uci isherly ii kth he fed a Loe on 4 BE wav? the article perhaps because of the implicd opposite, +4 dyad sce 193 0. 1 Boudeboayn : Th, 973 1. x 267-73. Proclus records that Plutarch rejected these lines ds doaflour ris "Hosdbov epi Bivala val éblkaw xplocus. One can see ‘why he might jib at 270 ff, but his objection to 267-9 isnot clear. 267. The dea of a god who sees all and knows all, and in particular ‘men’s actions, is of universal occurrence; see the comprehensive study by R. Petiazzoni, The All-Rrowing God (London, 1936). He finds that ‘the attribute of omniscience is not originally implicit in the idea of deity generally, but organically connected with the peculiar nature ‘of alldnowing gods, who are all-inowing because they are alSeing and all-seeing because they are luminous, as being in the firs. place sky- and astral gods’ (p. 12). We know that Zeus was originally the sky, like his Indian counterpart Dydus, who is also ‘all-knowing’ (eideacedas: ved. — pi8), Atharateda 1. $2. 4. It is another god of celestial nature, Varuna or Mitra-Varuna, who in India supervises Justice, oaths, and contracts. He too is wfeavedas, he knows the deeds ‘of men, and ensnares him who speaks falschood; he sees all that is between heaven and earth and all that is beyond (ihe. 4.16. 5), He sends his eountles spies down to earth (ee above on 249 8). The sun is his eye (Rego. 1. 50. 6, 7. 63. 1, 10. 37. 1), as in the Avesta he is Ahura Mazdah’s (Yaina 1. 11,". 19) 4. 16, 7. 13, 22. 13)- ‘eso Zev with pes and i albeing Bye, dg Hone’ Sus br maby” opie wal wrt draxodas (Il & 277, invoked together Wi ‘Zeus in swearing an oath; Od. 11. 119, 12. 23; ef. k. Dem. 62 Be ‘oxordy 958 nal ds6pcn, 69 f.) are evidently fragmented survivals of this Indo-European system, Certainly such ideas occur elsewhere, for example at Babylon, where the Sun-god Sama8 oversces justice (ad- dduced here by Waleot, Herod and the Near Eas, p. ga), and Pettazzoni's ‘material shows that they must have arisen in many places indepen- dently; but when we keow that Zeus ges back to Indo-European antiquity, and given the particular similarities with concepts estab- lished in the earliest Indian poetry and shared by the Avesta, it would be extravagant to postulate'a discontinuity. ‘This does not mean that by ‘the eye of Zeus’ Hesiod understandsang COMMENTARY (67-8 the sun, Just as Zoroaster in the Gas often refers to Ahura Mazdah's eye, but, wth hi more abaract conception of God, aban, fom fenifying it with the sun, s0 in Greece, while many traces of Zeus! celestial mature persist, he has become largely detached from the material world by the time literature appears, and his eye needs no Physical symbol. Prochis quotes a poet who said that Zeus’ eye was Fav x6 plaow yXal)ys re nak obpaved dorepderros (I guess that he takes this from Plutarch, from the way the quotation is introduced). It appears alo in S. OC 704-6 & yép loaidy dpaw xivdos | Nesooes vw Mopiou diss | xd phaveibrns MOdva Trag, adesp. 485 quoted on 2493 anon. ap. Corn. ND 11 marr’ e6opg Aids aq 0adyids wal doe" Eravoviet (perhaps Hevod conned in memory wih 1h. 277); gh du 152-4 Cougny Znrén navBepréor &pvrov Supa. Similarly “the eye of Dike’, S. fe. 12 and pastages quoted in Pearson's note, to which add Poel H. 1. 98 duya dieys 4 ndvra BSopxay§ ‘the eye ofthe gods’ Trag. ladesp. 491 (= Men. monort. 605) dfs Bea d 2 médias iis ds 7d 499- 4 He yp dyna Baydrur, ofs riovo" Guowas naxcrs X. Mem. 1g The constant wie of the singular “eye not “eyes seems a legacy of the time when the sun was involved. The sun for its part continued to be an eye in poetic metaphor, but the eyc of day, ete. (S. Ant. 104, 879, E. IT 1943 mandi Ov. M. 4. 228, néowov Orph. Hf. 8. 14). I also retained its role as the all-seer (0d. 8. 270, goa, h. Dem. 26, A. Cho. 085, PV 91, fr. 323, Ov. lc, ete.), Later we find a Zeus identified with the univers, his head the sky, the earth his belly, ete, ‘and naturally the sun and moon are his eyes (Orph. fr. 168. 16, not pre-Hellenistie; ef. Sarapis in Macr. Sat. 1. 20. 17); but this belon toa diferent phere of speculation. In Trag. adesp 278 his eye sd to mean ‘lightning’. ‘Zeus appears as overseer also in Archil. 177. 2 0 8 épy' & aadpira Ss | Meu wat Bord; Sal 1-17 Zale miro eon ‘Wor; 8. EL. 175 (ck 659), Ani. 184. On the whole topic see A. B, Cook, Zee, i. 196; Pettazzoni, op. cit. pp. 145 (and 116 ft, on the Indian and Iranian evidence), me “=. voxjoas : representing gnomic.aorists, ds re... Ber 3" icnoee. The Homeric coupling ofthe verbs (Jl. 10. 550, Od. 13, 318, 16. 160) suggests that vojoar means little more than’ iv. Keno hanes’ God odor 6 voei, obtos 8d x’ doves (B 24). 268, 748": “the situation in this town’, as in Thgn. 833 ndrra Th. 28 n. liewhere in Hesiod and Homer only of the sun (Th. vwulk.). Differently Tyrt. 20. 10. vider: cf, Thgn. 143 f. quoted on 3275 Sol. 13. 27 ale 8° 08 ¢ AadyBe Bropnepés, Goris derpér | onde dyer; Helt, 81 +3 4x) Bede yg ral id... 8 dre os er Aabiuer dpb, duaprdver; Trag. adesp. 487 78 yo) Sleatey Epyor ob Geods; Philemon 91 dr oi8 els Addyper otBe & moun |... ofrds ely By, [ Ap, br do ne dvopdocte wal Ale; Men. monost, 626 odBels noudy 268-731 COMMENTARY a5 -rompa NavBdver Seév; epige. ap. Callisth. 124 F 23 yadewéo 88 Nadei Be dtp elope Roh, ast 2.24, ad Mar ay An Ath 6.155 igny, etc. 269. ciny Bi wai rivBe: ch Se. 106, and on rjpde Bley 248 n, Bentley's pe (as Il 28.118 Boa re nrdur Be wénevfes) would leave nal unshortened in thesis, which is unusual (7. 148 0.) ‘rahis itis on the city at a whole that Zeus passes judgement, ef 222, 227, 240. dirds tépya: Th 751 0. 270-2. This device of the paradox-wish occurs in Od. 2. 299 = 5.9 prc tr mobouw dyer wal fos Zope | onprrodyos Beales, ‘Bdpcotvaiorun cbt, | GU alel yaherdr rip wal atovha for | 2d vis prnren* Obvvcter Bove | Nace elow drutce, norip 8 de fice Gers ck Thgn. 129 f, Hesiod’ lines are notable for the play he makes with the 6- stem. He is more given to this kind of thing than Homer, buds ul this son, and offer the names (suitable for a poetic family) Mnaseas or Archiepes, besides referring to the absurd legend that Hesiod was the father of Stesichorus (Arist f. 565, Philoch. 328 F 213; ef. CQ.21, 1971, 304). But if there was a son, he is mentioned here individual but as an extension of Hesiod’s moral res waxy Sv Sixaiov peat i oe Bec eT tee (apy for Sedge) isnot oud in rye bixny he gets more from the judge's settlement. Cf asb-on, 273. ‘This the exental complement to a70-2. The justice here i bad indeed, but Zee will not leave tat that 270~3 make 9 289, ee C10, apy compared 379 Cie wasin vain that 1 kepe my heart pure and washed fay hands in innocence: For all day long I sulferforment, and am punished tery morning?” Yet had 1 lee mel tall on inthis fan, Tshovld fave betrayed the family of God od wu fohwa weher Ais cf Od. 3,226 of mo volte dros reldcotes to. Itis not implied that Zeus may Otome et relable at some future time, any more than in Tyre 11.2 Qspoctr” ob wu Zeb obgon hobbe fen reais probably future like der Ine a ein appopenenwhich pay ch, but 1m 200 Bpornip re ovens ve Sigur di picts shoud warn ts against assming that Hesiod would instinctively or intentionally Choote the more appropriate ofthe to, He has both in gv. Ite Srrote pnnarva hele tepmoxaurey probably originated as serial ‘eiinigeence of ga, Ithg wrote the ater, ply repeating the formula fre had last used for [Zeurs accusative: Uo we—— | jeder