CHEAPER CIRCUIT

Kelsea Yarbrough, Nsilo Greene, Rashad Winston, James Daniels

EEN 201-01-131, December 3, 2013

LLM
A LED stands for light emitting diode. An LED is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used
as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for general lighting. A motor is
powered by electricity or internal combustion, which supplies motive power for devices. A Led
cost approximately $1.25 and a motor cost exactly $4.25. But in order to gets the circuit running
we had to go through a process of equations. We used voltage division total resistance and of
course ohms law. The voltage divider rule states that the voltage across an element or across a
series combination of elements in a series circuit is equal to the resistance of the element or
series combination or elements divided by the total resistance of the series circuit multiplied by
the total impressed voltage. By Ohms law, the current I is I=E/Rt , where E is the impressed
voltage and Rt the total resistance.

I=E/Rt
I=Current (Amperes)
E= Impressed Voltage (Voltage)
Rt= Total Resistance (Ohms)
Voltage Divider Rule= V1 = R1E/Rt
V=IR
Our major results/findings; were finding the Total Resistance, how many volts are in each
resistor, and also the resistance and voltage going through the LED.

Procedures for the final project

Part One

1. Built figure 1 in Multisimm using LEDs in the place of the light bulbs.
2. Figure on the size of R1 and R2 using the fact that 75% of the volt should be dropped across
R2 when all the lights are switched off and 66% of the voltage should be dropped across R2
when all the lights are switch on.
Note: LEDs can`t handle more than three volts without opening.
3. To avoid burning up LEDS. Replace the last five LEDs with 33-ohm resistors.
Note: The 33-ohm resistors represent the LEDs Elenco Electronics have in their stock.
4. Knowing that 75% of three volts must be dropped across R2 then R2 has to be three times the
size of R1.
Note: R2 is in parallel with the last five LEDs
Note: R1 should equal one-ohm and R2 should equal three-ohms.

XMM2
Agilent

R1
1
V1
2V
S6
Key = A

S1
Key = A

S7
Key = A

X1
2V

S2
Key = A

S4

S3
Key = A

Key = A

S5
Key = A

R7
3
X2
2V

R2
33

R3
33

R4
33

R5
33

R6
33

XMM1
Agilent

5.

Run a stimulation in Multisimm with the built circuit

6. Measure the voltage across R2 with all the switches in the off position.
7. Record in Table one
8. Measure the voltage across R2 with all the switches in the on position.
9. Record in Table one
10. Also measure the current going through R2 with the switches in the off position and with all
the switches in the on position.
11. Record in Table one
12. Construct figure one on a breadboard using two 2.2 ohm resistors in parallel to replace the
one-ohm resistor and two 6.8 ohm resistors to replace the three-ohm resistor, because of the
shortage in supplies.

13. Using three volts as the voltage source. Measure the voltage and the current across R2 with
the entire set of switches disconnected from the board.
14. Record in Table one.
15. Measure the voltage and the current across R2 with the entire set of switches connected to
the board.
16. Record in Table one.
Table One
V2
I2

Multisimm with
the Lights off
2.25V
.50A

Multisimm with
the Lights on
2.02V
.45A

Breadboard with
the Lights off
2.27 V
.57A

Breadboard with
the Lights on
2.01V
.51A

17. Measure the voltage and current across the last two bulbs.
18. Record the results in Table three.
Part Two
Create a Thevenin`s Equivalent circuit with two LEDs and a motor as the load.

19. First remove the load from the original circuit (the last to light bulbs of the circuit) and
figure out the RThevenin,, Voc, and the Isc .

20. Record results in Table two.

Table 2

Voc
2.10V

RTH
4.5

Isc
.47A

21. Built the Thevenin circuit in Multisimm.

XMM3
Agilent

R1
4.5
V1
2.1 V

S1
Key = Space S2
S3
XMM1
Key = Space Key = Space
Agilent

R2
33

R3
33

R4
4.3

22. Construct the Thevenin`s equivalent using snap components from Elenco.com

23. Apply the Voc voltage to the circuit and measure the current and the voltage going through
the motor (the load).
The voltage and current should be the same as the voltage and current going through the
last to lightbulbs of the main circuit.
Table Three
Main Circuit
Thevenin Circuit

Voltage across the lead

1.73 volts
.055A

Current going through the load.

1.75 volts
.074A

Spreadsheet of savings
First
Circuit

Items
Light bulbs
1K

Prices
$1.75
$1.25

Quantit
y
7
4

Total
$12.25
$5.00
$17.25
$17,250.00

New
Circuit

LEDs
Motor
4.5

$1.50
$4.25
$4.25

2
1
1

$3.00
$4.25
$4.25
$11.50

per circuit
1000
circuits

$11,500.00

per circuit
1000
circuits

$5,750.00

savings

Discussion
The first step we did was building the circuit in Multisim. Multisim was served as a
measuring stick or blueprint to how the final circuit built was going to look. In the figure
we dropped 75% of the voltage across resistor R2 and 66% of the voltage was dropped
also across when the switch is turned off. Due to our tests our LEDs where burning up so
we replaced them with 33ohm resistors. These 33ohm resistors were used from the
Elenco stock.R2 was three times as big as R1 due to the 75% voltage drop across R2. The
results from the Multisim are recorded in Table 1. The figure was constructed on the
breadboard using two 2.2 ohm resistors that were in parallel to replace the 1 ohm resistor.
Three volts was set to use as our voltage source.
To create the Thevenin we had to short the circuit. We removed the load from the original
circuit. Multisim was used to create the Thevenin. Lastly the circuit was built using the
snap components. We applied the Voc voltage to the circuit and measure the current and

the voltage going through the motor (the load). The voltage and current were be the same
as the voltage and current going through the last to light bulbs of the main circuit.
Conclusion
In conclusion, in part one we constructed the original circuit in Multisims using LEDs
instead of light bulbs. We didnt use more than three volts on the LEDs because it would
have blown them out. We also constructed the original circuit on the breadboard and
collected the measurements. For part two we had to create a Thevenin circuit using one
motor and LEDs. Once we created our Thevenins equivalent circuit we constructed it on
the snap circuit. In our discussion we talked about the percentage of voltage that we
R
dropped across 2 . Lastly we also spoke on how we created the Thevenins circuit by
shorting the circuit.
References
R. Boylestad and G. Kousourou. Introductory Circuit Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 2010