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By Ms.Cohane
CHAPTER 12 OUTLINE
12.1 - Bond Types
12.2 - Electronegativity
12.3 - Polarity
12.4 - Electron Configurations
12.5 - Ionic Structures
12.6 & 7 - Lewis Diagrams
12.8 - Bond Angles
12.9 - Molecular Geometry
12.10 - VSPER Theory
GOALS
12.1 Types of
Chemical Bonds
co = sharing
valent = valence electrons
covalent bonds form between nonmetals
Ion
Bond
Covalent
Ionic
Valence Electrons
Orbitals
Electron Diagram
Orbital Diagram
12.2 Electronegativity
Practice
Classify the following bonds.
FH
Polar Covalent
SH
Polar Covalent
HH Non-polar Covalent
NaCl Ionic
OH Polar Covalent
+ H
Dipole Moment
The magnitude of charges and the distance of separation
between the charges.
In a water molecule, oxygen has a greater electronegativity
than the hydrogen atoms, the electrons are not shared
equally. So a charge distribution causes the molecule to
behave like it has two centers of charge, one + and one _
center of positive
charge
center of negative
charge
Dipole Moment
The dipole moment affects the
Lewis Dot
Structures
Lewis Structures
Elements in the same group have the
same Lewis structure, because they have
the same number of valence electrons
Cations have Lewis symbols without
valence electrons.
Anions have Lewis symbols with 8
valence electrons.
Resonance
Resonance Structures: when there are
multiple Lewis structures for a molecule that
differ only in the position of the electrons
Lone pairs & multiple bonds are in different places
The actual molecule is a combination of all forms
Linear
Trigonal planar
120
109.5
Tetrahedral
Molecular Structure
Each bond counts as one area of electrons.
Each lone pair counts as one area of electrons.
Electron Pair
Arrangement
Ball &
Stick Model
Molecular
Structure
Bond
angle