MINDANAO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF
ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4

GROUP 4

AMERICAN COLONIAL
PERIOD

GROUP MEMBERS:
MONG, PAUL CHRISTIAN
SUMICAD, KEIZA
PAGAPULAAN, ERICA
NAVE, JANNA KEISHA
VILLICILLO, KIRVY

OPALLA, GLYDELL

INTRODUCTION

AFTER THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR IN 1898 THE AMERICANS

TOOK OVER RULE OF THE PHILIPPINES UNTIL AFTER THE SECOND
WORLD WAR. DURING THIS PERIOD THE AMERICANS
CONSTRUCTED MANY ART NOUVEAUX BUILDINGS IN MANILA.
ART NOUVEAUX (NEW ART)
ART NOUVEAU IS CONSIDERED A TOTAL ART STYLE,
EMBRACING ARCHITECTURE, GRAPHIC ART, INTERIOR
DESIGN, AND MOST OF THE DECORATIVE ARTS
INCLUDING JEWELLERY, FURNITURE, TEXTILES,
HOUSEHOLD SILVER AND OTHER UTENSILS
AND LIGHTING, AS WELL AS THE FINE ARTS.
THERE WAS A DRASTIC CHANGE ON THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN.
A LOT OF STRUCTURES WERE BUILT TO SERVE AS GOVERNMENT
BUILDINGS FROM CITIES TO MUNICIPALITIES. THE DESIGN AND
STYLE OF THE ESTABLISHMENTS WERE AKIN TO GREEK OR
ROMAN CONSTRUCTIONS.
FAMOUS AMERICAN ARCHITECTS SUCH AS WILLIAM
PARSONS AND EDGAR BOURNE STARTED THE PROTOMODERNIST WAY OF DESIGNING CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEY
WERE COMMONLY UNADORNED FACADES TOGETHER WITH
LARGE WINDOWS.
TAFT, WHO LATER BECAME THE PHILIPPINES' FIRST CIVILIAN
GOVERNOR-GENERAL, DECIDED THAT MANILA, THE CAPITAL,

SHOULD BE A PLANNED TOWN. HE HIRED AS HIS ARCHITECT

AND CITY PLANNER DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM.
DANIEL BURNHAM
AN AMERICAN ARCHITECT RECOMMENDED THE DEVELOPMENT
OF :
CANAL
CONSTRUCTION OF BAY SHORES BOULEVARDS
PARKS
WATERFRONTS
SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, ETC.
MR. BURNHAM HAD IN MIND A LONG WIDE, TREE-LINED
BOULEVARD ALONG THE BAY, BEGINNING AT A PARK AREA
DOMINATED BY A MAGNIFICENT HOTEL. TO DESIGN WHAT WOULD
BE THE MANILA HOTEL.

HE WAS THE ONE RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING THE MASTER

PLANS FOR MANILA AND BAGUIO.

 HIS CONTRIBUTIONS WERE THE KAHN SYSTEM OF CONCRETE

REINFORCEMENTS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF HOLLOW
BLOCKS, THE USE OF ANTI-TERMITE HARDWOOD AND THE
MASS FABRICATION OF BUILDING TYPES.

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCE IN THE

PHILIPPINES CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN TWO TYPES:
THE SO-CALLED FIRST GENERATION FILIPINO
ARCHITECTS WHO STUDIED ARCHITECTURE AND
ENGINEERING IN THE UNITED STATES WHO WERE
SPONSORED BY THE COLONIAL MASTERS
AND THE SECOND GENERATION ARCHITECTS WHO
EMERGED IN THE LATE 1920S AND 1930S.
EL HOGAR FILIPINO

 IS A BEAUX-ARTS BUILDING, DESIGNED BY

ARCHITECT SENIOR RAMON BUILT BY THE PASIG
RIVER.

Manila Army and Navy Club

IN 1911 THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CONSTRUCTED IT AT THE

SHORE OF MANILA BAY BORDERING THE LUNETA PARK.
THE BUILDING CONSISITS OF A GRAND ENTRANCE AND HAS 3 STORIES
THAT HOUSED THE VARIOUS FUNCTION ROOMS AND THE HOTEL
ROOMS.

The Manila Metropolitan Theater

DESIGNED BY FILIPINO ARCHITECT JUAN M. DE GUZMAN ARELLANO.

DURING THE LIBERATION OF MANILA BY THE COMBINED AMERICAN

AND FLIPINO TROOPS IN 1945, THE THEATRE WAS TOTALLY
DESTROYED. AFTER RECONSTRUCTION BY THE AMERICANS IT
GRADUALLY FELL INTO DISUSE IN THE 1960S. IN THE FOLLOWING
DECADE IT WAS METICULOUSLY RESTORED BUT AGAIN FELL INTO
DECAY.

DURING THE BATTLE OF MANILA IN 1945

MANY OF THESE BUILDINGS WERE HEAVILY DAMAGED
DURING THE BATTLE OF MANILA IN 1945.
AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR MANY WERE REBUILT.
MANY BUILDINGS IN MANILA WERE DESIGNED BY THE
FILIPINO ARCHITECT JUAN M. DE GUZMAN ARELLANO.

OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS
IN 1902, AMERICANS INTRODUCED THE USE OF THE
TOILET VIA PAIL CONSERVANCY SYSTEM OR CUBETA
IN MANILA.
IN 1908 THE CONCEPT OF A WELL-PLANNED
NEIGHBORHOOD CALLED SANITARY BARRIO WAS
INTRODUCED ANDLED TO TSALET, A CROSSBREED

OF THE TROPICAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR

BUILDINGS WITH HYGIENICSTRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES
AND MODERN MATERIALS.
BUILDINGS THAT DEFINED THE PRE-WAR SKYLINE OF
MANILA INCLUDE THE EL HOGAR FILIPINO BUILDING,
HONGKONG SHANGHAI BANK BUILDING, FILIPINAS
INSURANCE COMPANY BUILDING, FRENCH
RENAISSANCELUNETA HOTEL AND THE MARIANO UY
CHACO BUILDING.

MODER PERIOD
EXAMPLES OF FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA
PARISH OF THE HOLY SACRIFICE
THE PARISH OF THE HOLY SACRIFICE IS THE
LANDMARK CATHOLIC CHAPEL IN THE UNIVERSITY OF
THE PHILIPPINES DILIMAN. KNOWN FOR ITS
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, THE CHURCH IS
RECOGNIZED AS A NATIONAL HISTORICAL
LANDMARK AND A CULTURAL TREASURE BY THE
NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE AND THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM RESPECTIVELY.

 ANTIPOLO CHURCH
THE OLD CHURCH THAT HOUSED THE VIRGIN WAS
DESTROYED IN FEBRUARY 1945 WHEN THE
AMERICANS BOMBED ANTIPOLO AS PART OF THE
LIBERATION CAMPAIGN OF MANILA. IN 1954, A NEW
CHURCH WAS BUILT DESIGNED BY THE RENOWNED
FILIPINO ARCHITECT JOSE DE OCAMPO. IT FUNCTIONS
AS THE CENTER POINT OF THE PILGRIMAGES TO
ANTIPOLO.

CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES

IN 1965, FORMER FIRST LADY IMELDA MARCOS HAVE
REVEALED HER DESIRE TO BUILD A NATIONAL
THEATER FOR THE COUNTRY. THE CULTURAL CENTER
OF THE PHILIPPINES IS LOCATED ON A RECLAIMED
LAND ALONG ROXAS BOULEVARD. THE CULTURAL
CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES WAS DESIGNED

BY LEANDRO V. LOCSIN AND IT IS ALSO CONSIDERED

AS ONE OF HIS MOST RECOGNIZABLE WORKS.

BAHAY KUBO MANSION

IN MAY 2008,
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE FRANCISCO
MAOSA, DESIGNER OF THE COCONUT PALACE,
BUILT HIS OWN TWO-STOREY BAHAY
KUBO MANSION IN AYALA ALABANG VILLAGE, A
WEALTHY SUBURB SOUTH OF MANILA. WITH ONLY 3
POSTS OR "HALIGI", IT HAS FIVE ONEINCH COCONUT SHELL DOORS, A
"SILONG",MUSLIM ROOM, SALA, AND MASTER'S
BEDROOM WITH A FISH POND THEREIN.

PROMINENT FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

LEANDRO V. LOCSIN
LEANDRO VALENCIA LOCSIN (AUGUST 15, 1928
NOVEMBER 15, 1994) WAS A FILIPINO
ARCHITECT, ARTIST, AND INTERIOR

DESIGNER KNOWN FOR HIS USE OF CONCRETE,

FLOATING VOLUME AND SIMPLISTIC DESIGN IN HIS
VARIOUS PROJECTS. AN AVID COLLECTOR, HE WAS
FOND OF MODERN PAINTING AND CHINESE
CERAMICS. HE WAS PROCLAIMED A NATIONAL ARTIST
OF THE PHILIPPINES FOR ARCHITECTURE IN 1990 BY
THE LATEPRESIDENT CORAZON C. AQUINO.

THE SAINT ANDREW THE APOSTLE PARISH IS

A ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BEL-AIR
VILLAGE, MAKATI, PHILIPPINES. IT IS ONE OF THE
KNOWN MODERN EDIFICES DESIGNED BY LEANDRO
V. LOCSIN IN MAKATI. THIS PARISH IS DEDICATED
TO SAINT ANDREW THE APOSTLE, THE PATRON SAINT
OF METRO MANILA AND BEL-AIR VILLAGE.

MONASTERY OF THE TRANSFIGURATION

MALAYBALAY, BUKIDNON, 1996

CARLOS A. SANTOS- VIOLA

(APRIL 8, 1912 JULY 31, 1994) WAS AN ARCHITECT IN
THE PHILIPPINES. HE IS BEST KNOWN FOR DESIGNING
AND BUILDING CHURCHES FOR THE IGLESIA NI

CRISTO (INC) RELIGIOUS GROUP.

THE IGLESIA NI CRISTO IN CUBAO, QUEZON CITY WAS

THE FIRST BUILDING DESIGNED BY SANTOS-VIOLA FOR
THE INC.

THE IGLESIA NI CRISTO CENTRAL TEMPLE IN

COMMONWEALTH AVENUE, DILIMAN, QUEZON
CITY WAS THE LARGEST CHAPEL DESIGNED BY
SANTOS-VIOLA.