Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ADVANCED
TOPOGRAPHIC
DEVELOPMENT
& IMAGES
SOFTWARE DESIGNERS: P & D MISSUD
VERSIONS HISTORY
Version
1.3
Date
21/01/2014
Writer
NEDHIF Sami
GUIDELINES FOR A
LTE NETWORK
DESIGN AND
OPTIMISATION WITH
ICS designer version
12.4.5
Remarks
Limited Warranty
This manual is subject to the limited warranty conditions as specified by the general operating
license of the whole package. ATDI reserves the right to modify this manual without prior warning.
Page 2 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Versions History....................................................................................................................................... 2
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 3
1.
SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................... 5
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.1.
RSRP ...................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.
RSRQ...................................................................................................................................... 9
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
PCI planning......................................................................................................................... 18
3.8.
3.9.
3.10.
3.11.
3.12.
3.13.
3.14.
3.15.
3.16.
Introduction........................................................................................................................... 40
4.2.
4.3.
Optimization dedicated to the RAT ANR configuration LTE SON features .............. 45
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
5.2.
5.3.
Page 3 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
6.
3.3.1
3.3.2
SNIR requirements.......................................................................................................... 65
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
Methodology..................................................................................................................... 70
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
6.2.
7.
5.2.1
Methodology..................................................................................................................... 76
5.2.2
Results .............................................................................................................................. 76
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 80
Page 4 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
1. SCOPE
This document is intended to provide:
-
Section 1 presents an general overview of the LTE functionalities implemented in ICS Designer
and and the steps to follows during a LTE network design.The figure points out the process and
options that can be used during a LTE planning with the tool.
Section 2 describes the general LTE aspects and requirements needed during a phase of
deployement and optimisation. This section also focuses on the planning tool options considering
the fundamental aspects of a LTE deployment such as, coverage and traffic analysis, throughput
performance, spectrum re-farming ,mobility (intra-system and inter-RAT) and neighbour planning.
Sections 3 et 4 focuses on a practical case describing a LTE network design in a urban area
located in Paris. This part illustrates a concret FDD LTE network scenario based on typical LTE
e-nodeB configurations, link budget and target throughput,...The goal of this practical case is to
present the methodolgy and capabilities of ICS Designer to assure a complet LTE network design
(from scratch). This study will describe in details how to find and determinate the minimum
number of LTE (macro cells, indoor solutions and microcells) sites via the ACP functions, how to
calculate the LTE throughputs based on SNIR vs.Throughput table, how to improve the expected
throughput and perform an automatic PCI planning This practcal case doesnt illustrate all the
features and approachs which can be used in ICS Designer but it provides a good illustration of
the flexibility and capability of the tool.
NOTES:
All the features and modules described in this document are available on the standard version of
ICS Designer (No additional costs for extra modules).
There is no limitation or restrictions of the bandwidth or frequency bands and multi technologies
can be supported in the same project (High flexibility of the tool).
Free cartographic maps over the world, including DTM, Clutter layers and map/aerial images
(until 20m resolution) are provided with the tool.
Page 5 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
VECTORS (.VEC)
NETWORK ELEMENTS (.EWF)
COVERAGE (.FLD)
- Propagation models
selection
-Characteristics of the UE
-Distance of calculation
(Km)
-Min RSRP sensitivity
(dBm)
- ICIC Enhancement
- % PDSCH and %
Overhead parameters can
be adjusted according to
the traffic scenario
- RSRP plot
- Best server RSRP,
- second server RSRP,
- Third server RSRP,
- RSRP probability,
- Max number of RSRP
channel
- RSRP overlapping area
2D or 3D coverage
analysis
Automatic frequency
assignment
Automatic or manual
neighbour cell allocation
Automatic or manual
Physical Cell Ids and RSI
allocation
Various histogramme
analysis :
- Over the whole projet
- Inside a cluster area
defined by a drawn
polygon
- Arround a predefined
vector path)
Potential interference
analysis between the LTE
stations and existing
DVB-T network (Low
channel band)
Page 6 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
3. LTE FEATURES
3.1. RSRP
RSRP is used to measure the coverage of the LTE cell on the DL. The UE will send RRC
measurements reports that include RSRP values in a binned format. The reporting range of RSRP is
defined from 140 to 40dBm with 1 dB resolution. The main purpose of RSRP is to determine the
best cell on the DL radio interface and select this cell as the serving cell for either initial random
access or intra-LTE handover. It is also important to check the non-
c
o
v
ICS Designer allows to calculate easily RSRP coverage (pilot coverage) according to the technical
parameters set on e-nodeB. This step is fundamental to determinate the service area of the cells.
Advanced features are available to analyze and optimize (dominance, pollution, overshooting effects)
the RSRP coverage:
Coverage/Network analysis/
Page 7 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Signal Received Power) in dBm based on the "% Ref Signal" defined in the
parameters of the e-nodeB station.
Coverage/Network analysis/
RSRP coverage analysis
/Best Server coverage (16 b)
Coverage/Network analysis/
RSRP coverage analysis
/Overlapping
RS ANALYSIS
Coverage/Network analysis/
RSRP coverage
verage analysis
/Simultaneous
Coverage/Network analysis/
RSRP coverage analysis
/Simultaneous except best
server
Coverage/Network analysis/
RSRP coverage analysis
/Coverage probability
Coverage/Network
analysis/ RSRP coverage
analysis /Servers
This function computes a best server map of the Reference Signal (RS).
RSRP (Reference Symbol Received Power): It is determined for a considered cell as the linear
average over the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements that carry cell-specific
cell
reference signals within the considered
cons
measurement frequency bandwidth.
Page 8 of 80
The following manual is copyright protecte
tected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this
th manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
3.2. RSRQ
The functions dedicated to the RSRQ allows to perform a complete analysis of the RS signal and to
check the impact of the serving and surrounding cells.
RSRQ (Reference Symbol Received Quality): Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is
defined as the ratio NRSRP/(EUTRA carrier RSSI), where N is the number of RBs of the EUTRA
carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be
made over the same set of resource blocks.
In LTE the SNIR PDSCH required replaces the Eb/N0 required of the UMTS Rel.99. The required
SINR can be estimated by two different methods:
Page 9 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
By using the Throughput vs. average SNIR tables. These tables are obtained as an
Output of link level simulations. For each type of propagation channel models and different
antenna configurations, different tables are needed (see table 1).
By using the Alpha Shannon formula. Alpha-Shannon formula provides an approximation of
the link level results. Thus, in this case, no actual simulations are needed, but factors used
in Alpha-Shannon formula are needed for different scenarios
The 4G SNIR maps function allows to perform SNIR plot coverage for the PDSCH (traffic) and
control channels. The SNIR calculation can also take into account:
-
The use of multi carriers on the same site (when more than one carrier is used per site)
RSRQ constraints to assure the reliability of the RS signal quality.
All the potential interferers (RSSI) from the LTE inter sites but also from the other network
systems (Digital broadcast network, UMTS, GSM)
ICIC parameter activated to improve the SNIR performance (ICIC scheduler is used to reduce
risks of collision between PRBs from inter sites).
Note that SNIR calculation are also used to analyses the radio link failure performance and the other
physical channels PDCCH/ PCIFCH, PCH, PBCH, (as described in 3GPP TS 36.101)
For example, PDCCHs performance is important not only because it delivers the scheduling
information to the UEs but also because when a UE first tries to access the network, PDCCH failure
can result in delayed access or access failure. During handover, PDCCH failure will cause handover
failure since downlink messages (response from the eNodeB) cannot be successfully delivered to the
UE.
The Peak throughput calculation requires a table of correspondence (between SNIR vs. Throughput)
dedicated to the LTE configuration (Channel models, antenna system, traffic load). Usually this table
is provided by the vendor equipment. In ICS Designer, the table of SNIR vs. Throughput used for the
Page 10 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
5 MHz
25
EPA 5 Hz
SIMO 1x2, TX diversity 2x2, Open loop Spatial Multiplexing MIMO
2x2
SIMO
The Throughput (kbps) values in those table are defined as the date rate per resource block for
a given SINR.
The peak throughput result calculated on each pixel will be performed according to this table but
also the cell load (number of RB used for the traffic allocation) specified in the e-nodeB setup
tab of the station (as shown in the figure 2).
Page 11 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
The procedure of import of external throughput tables can be described with the following
typical case:
Step 1: The user must to choose the % cell load used for the simulation (standard value: 50%)
Step 2: The % cell load must be set in the traffic parameter of the e-nodeBs (%RS signal,
%PDSCH channels, %control channels)
Step 3: Select the column describing the SNIR vs. throughput value for the wanted % load
traffic (figure 4)
Step 4: Then, the user must to create a .CSV file with the values specified in the vendor table
and with the format 2 specified in ICS Designer (see figure 3). Note that, the throughputs values
specified in the .CSV must be the throughput only per RB and not for all the RB allocated
Note that the peak throughput calculation in ICS Designer may takes into account multi criterions as
the RSRQ reliability and the transmission modes used by the e-nodeBs (fixed transmission mode or
AAS Adaptive mode switch antenna are supported):
Page 12 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Those options allows to analyze, improve the throughput performance of the network and also
determinate the most appropriate transmission mode in the cell edge or cell center. Below, an
illustration of the throughput performances with different transmission mode configurations:
Page 13 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 6: Peak throughput plots with LTE network using single antenna
Figure 7: Peak throughput plots with LTE network using 2X2MIMO configuration (SU-SD)
Page 14 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 8: Peak throughput plots with LTE network using AAS configuration
If 1 sub / enodeB (random) is checked, the function will select only one sub/station (stronger
sub interferer from the random selection).
If 1 sub / enodeB (random) is unchecked; power sum is applied (this power sum is based on
the subscribers selected during the random selection).
Note 1: Only the parented subscribers are taken into account by this function.
Note 2: The parented sub doesnt interfere his wanted station.
Note 3: The Noise rise calculated with the mode Subscriber distribution method (Monte-Carlo) is the
average noise rise per station for the whole passes.
Note 4: If the subscribers are declared as mobile, their coordinates will be changed after each pass.
Page 15 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Once SNIR plot coverage is displayed, the user needs just to import the UL SNIR vs. Throughput
table.
Page 16 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Max SNIR:
The Priority is given to the current user has the greatest signal to noise ratio (SNR). MaxSNIR
method allocates the radio resource constantly to the user who has the best spectral efficiency
and therefore that will provide the best throughput on each EU. However, a negative effect of
this allocation is that users close to the e-nodeB always have a disproportionate priority on users
further away. When the network is congested, it is also common for mobile located on the cell
edge that they dont access at all to the radio resource. With Max SNR it is impossible to
guarantee quality of service even minimal since it is exclusively or almost exclusively dependent
on the relative position of the mobile. In addition, the Max SNR has another disadvantage: it
does not take into account users' needs when assigning priorities.
RR:
This method (called Rodin Robin) involves allocating the same amount of RB users. However,
the rate actually received will depend on the radio conditions (C / N + I, priority bearers).This
method does not take into account the needs of users in terms of desired flow or maximum
delay of packets. Users are then assigned a rate that is unrelated to their needs. Round Robin
does not take into account the position, capabilities and needs of each user. It allocates the
same amount of blindness resource units for all mobile without any possibility of
differentiating services and thus ensure any quality of service.
PF:
This algorithm (called Proportional Fair) is considered as the most appropriate in terms of
simplicity and performance. It consists in allocating RB iteratively so that the overall throughput
provided to each user increases gradually in the same way. When a user has received that
application flow, no more RB is assigned and the execution of the algorithm occurs with other
users. The algorithm stops when all users are satisfied or all RB were distributed. UE get equal
flow rates. In the end, the users with low demand are always advantaged because their desired
flow is almost always provided; they are often fully satisfied In contrast with the other users who
require more resources (note that in the case where all users have the same needs, scheduler
"Robin Rodin" equivalent to the Max-Min Fair).
Page 17 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Dynamic LTE traffic analysis based on parenting method: RB allocation and throughput
calculation based on UEs population (can be generated manually or imported via a .CSV file).
The final result is a gglobal LTE Traffic QoS report by subscriber, station or for the entire
network. Throughput and RB allocation distribution will depends on:
Profile and location of the UE
Channels setting of the cells and RB capacity dedicated to the traffic channel.
Transmission mode used: AAS (Antenna Adaptive Switch) mode or fixed mode
(Single antenna port SISO or SIMO, Tx Div/MISO, Spatial multiplexing MIMO, Multi
user MIMO).
Scheduler method (Max SNIR, RR, PF)
Pre-defined SNIR vs. Throughput/RB table
Connectivity between e-node B and UEs (Min RSCP, Min RSRQ received by the UE and in
PUSCH received by the e-nodeB) are checked then the e-nodeB is allocating the RBs
according to the scheduler method used for the simulation. Once the e-nodeB RBs are
allocated for the UEs, the throughput offer is calculated according to a SNIR us Throughput
(per RB) table map for the dedicated transmission mode used by the UE.
If the AAS mode is selected, ICS designer will choose the best transmission mode for a
given UE giving the best SNIR performances. Typically TxDiv transmission mode when the
SNIR is poor (at the cell edge) or MIMO mode when the SNIR measured is high (typically
when the mobile is close to the station). Of course, the choice of the transmission mode
(when the AAS mode is selected) in ICS designer is also depending of the characteristics of
the UE (EPA05, EPA70)
-
LTE prospective planning: Automatic search of site to connect the orphan UE (when the UE
is not connected to the e-nodeB) due to a weak level of coverage or traffic congestion.
There are 504 unique physical-layer cell identities. The physical-layer cell identities are grouped into
168 unique physical-layer cell-identity groups, each group containing three unique identities. The
Page 18 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 19 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
By the user
From max coverage range
From extended radius
or
When an LTE UE is powered on, it scans all E-UTRA Radio Frequency (RF) bands and starts to listen
to the broadcast channels for synchronization. This is done to find a suitable cell for initial camping
with the best radio conditions according to cell RSRP measurements. After cell selection, the UE
registers to the network and starts to measure intra-frequency neighbours as candidates for cell
reselection according to cell ranking criteria. Usually this means that reselection is performed if the
radio conditions, according to RSRP measurements, are better than a configured threshold above that
of the serving cell and if the RSRQ threshold is enough. The UE also measures the inter-frequency
cells according to the neighbouring cell list. The prioritization between the intra and inter frequency
layers depends of the strategy used by the operator but usually the intra frequency HO are often the
first priority.
-
When the UE is not able to use intra or inter frequency neighbours with acceptable RSRP threshold,
the core network will LTE UE is able to switch to UTRAN or GSM system.
The advanced HO features on ICS Designer support all the types of HO supported by the E-UTRAN:
Inter/Intra technology handovers.
Page 20 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 21 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 22 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
The advanced Neighbour calculation function in ICS Designer allows to perform the intra and
Inter- frequency neighbour list required to plan the PCI allocations and avoid risk of collision between
the PCIs. The functions includes also the possibility to generate the inter system neighbour list
(between LTE and 3G, LTE and Wi-Fi) according to multi hysteresis criterions.
Page 23 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
In the end of the calculation, a .CSV report giving the neighbour list by station is generated and the
neighbour cells are automatically updated on the neighbour list box of the e-nodeB setup tab of the
LTE station.
Page 24 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
For downlink:
RSCP Levels
RSRQ levels
SNIR Levels
For uplink:
PUSCH levels
Once the e-nodeB
nodeB network is configured (antenna height, bandwidth, transmitted power...) a
population of UE can be generated (with one or several profiles) can be generated and randomly
distributed on the project by different ways: Per density of km,
km, over configured cells. Once the
population is generated, the tool will calculate the average and the distribution of the coverage KPIs
(RSCP, RSRQ, SNIR PDSCH and PUSCH).
Page 25 of 80
The following manual is copyright protecte
tected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this
th manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 17:
17 RSRQ (dB) simulation with Monte Carlo simulator
Page 26 of 80
The following manual is copyright protecte
tected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this
th manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 18:
18 RSRQ (dB) distribution with Monte Carlo simulator
Figure 19:
19 RSCP (dBm) simulation with Monte Carlo simulator
Page 27 of 80
The following manual is copyright protecte
tected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this
th manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 28 of 80
The following manual is copyright protecte
tected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this
th manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
The Monte carlo simulator can also be used to optimize the e-nodeb
nodeb configuration in order to improve
the coverage and interference KPI s parameters. The Monte carlo simulator is able to calculate the
KPI distribution over the UE population with taking into account the variability of the e-nodeB
e
parameters
rameters especially the folowing:
Azimuth(),
Electrical tilt()
Antenna height (m)
Percentage of transmit power dedicated to the RS signal
Percentage of transmit power dedicated to the PDSCH
signal
Percentage of transmit power dedicated to the control
channels
Antenna type (transmission mode: Standard, MIMO SM,
, MISO, single antenna,
tenna, SISO, SIMO, MU-MIMO)
MU
Tx Div
For example, It is easy to check the impact in term of RSRQ(dB) and SNIR(PDSCH) when the
electrical tilt applied for the e-nodeBs
e
are between -4 and -8
Page 29 of 80
The following manual is copyright protecte
tected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this
th manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 22: RSRQ distribution simulation with Monte Carlo simulator (Electrical Downtilt = -2)
Figure 23: RSRQ distribution simulation with Monte Carlo simulator (Electrical Downtilt between -4 and -8)
Figure 24: SNIR (PDSCH) distribution simulation with Monte Carlo simulator (Electrical Downtilt = -2)
Page 30 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 26:: SNIR (PDSCH) distribution simulation with Monte Carlo simulator
(Electrical Down tilt = -2 and AAS mode activated)
Page 31 of 80
The following manual is copyright protecte
tected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this
th manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Menu
Coverage/Network
planning/Prospective
planning
Parenting LTE
Subscriber/Parenting/ 4G
parenting LTE
Rules
This function allows to find the
best locations for new sites in
case of greenfield and
densification scenarios. This
function is based on coverage
target assumption.
This function is based on a
population of LTE users
(profiles and traffic demands
must be defined). It allows to
resolve the problems of the
traffic network congestion (or
low traffic QoS performance)
by adding new sites in the hot
spot area. This function takes
into account DL/UL coverage
criterions and traffic
assumption.
Page 32 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Menu
Coverage/Station
candidates/Station according to
target coverage
Route planning
Coverage/Network planning/Route
planning
Prospective planning
Coverage/Network
planning/Prospective planning
Station optimizing
Rules
Allows to select (for all the
activated stations) the sites
required to achieve the
coverage target (by clutter
types). Allows to help the
user in order to reduce the
number of sites required at
the minimum.
Allows to select (for all the
activated stations) the sites
for a coverage target (surface
per km) required by station.
Function dedicated to roads,
highway, railway
environments and it used to
determinate automatically the
best sites and configuration
(azimuths, tilts) in order to
cover of optimize the clutters
defined as a vector.
This function allows to find
the best locations for new
sites in case of greenfield and
densification scenarios. This
function is based on coverage
target assumption.
This function allows to
optimize a set of parameters
(tilt, Antenna height,
azimuth) in order to
improve the station coverage
Compare and to find for each cell the best equipment configuration (according to a pre-defined
list of vendor configuration) in order to improve the target coverage.
Simulate and compare the prediction results with the use of AAS (Adaptive Antenna Switch)
The user is also able to activate additional parameters such as ICIC parameter or power
boosting (applied to the RS, PDSCH or PDCCH channels) to improve weak coverage.
Page 33 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 34 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 27: Scenario describing the case 3G vs. 2G network when the 2G band [935MHz, 940MHz]
is migrated to the 3G system
Page 35 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 28: LTE stations interference calculation on DVB-T network in ICS Design
(interfered areas are marked with pink color)
Page 36 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Note that, in the work of the Copic (committee piloted by the French national regulator
composed of the national French mobile network operators and various public actors), ATDI
has been kindly asked (since 2009 until 2013) to study the population exposure to
electromagnetic waves emitted by the antennas of mobile networks, ATDI was responsible
to perform the following studies:
Modeling of coverage (2G, 3G voice and HSDPA) different mobile networks in the
current state ("State of Play");
Impact on the coverage of the various networks of power reduction of certain issuers
located in the experimental area;
Reconfiguration of these networks following a power reduction by adding
complementary sites to find or get as close as possible to cover the "state of play",
ensuring that these new sites will not generate exposure levels exceeding the target
threshold (0.6V / m or 1V / m).
Modeling of coverage (2G, 3G voice and HSDPA) different mobile networks in the
current state ("State of Play");
Impact on the coverage of the various networks of power reduction of certain issuers
located in the experimental area;
Reconfiguration of these networks following a power reduction by adding
complementary sites to find or get as close as possible to cover the "state of play",
ensuring that these new sites will not generate exposure levels exceeding the target
threshold (0.6V / m or 1V / m).
Page 37 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Usual empirical models such as Okumura-Hata, Hata extended, COST 231 models,
Geometrical models used for free space attenuation, diffraction loss and the subpath loss
calculation. ATDIs experience in using practically geometrical models (comparisons with
measurements and customer remarks) allows providing acceptable prediction (compare to
empirical models) even without any calibration of the propagation models. Those last models are
very flexible because it allows to support any kind of LTE scenarios (from Network mobile
operator or TETRA operator point of view) especially when the LTE receiver is a mobile UE,
airplane or helicopter (for police, emergency or military operations). The geometrical models
allows also to support inter technology analysis between LTE and UMTS, GSM and digital
broadcast network for potential additional coexistence studies.
Empirical models
Okumura-Hata
Hata extended
COST 231
30 to 200 m
30 to 200 m
above roof-top
above roof-top
Frequency Range
1.5 to 2.0 GHz
30 to 200 m
eNodeB
above roof-top
Antenna Height
UE Antenna Height
1 to 10 m
1 to 10 m
1 to 10 m
Range
1 to 20 km
1 to 100 km
1 to 20 km
Table 1: Applicability of the Okumura-Hata, Hata extd and Cost 231 propagation models
3GPP LTE Empirical models (TR 36.942 V8.3.0)
3GPP RURAL
3GPP URBAN
eNodeB
Antenna Height
30 to 200 m
4 to 50 m
above roof-top
above roof-top
UE Antenna Height
1 to 10 m
1 to 3m
Range
1 to 20 km
30 m to 6 km
Page 38 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Deygout 1994
(Diffraction model)
Standard/Coarse
Integration/Fine Integration
(Subpath models)
Frequency Range
From 30 MHz to
450Ghz
From 30 MHz
to 450Ghz
From 30 MHz to
450Ghz
eNodeB
Antenna Height
Any value
Any value
Any value
UE Antenna
Height
Any value
Any value
Any value
Any value
Any value
Any value
Range
The propagation model should be adjusted to the environment in which the sites will be built up. This
means that propagation measurements and tuning of the model are recommended for real network
deployment. The best results found without tuning are geometrical models.
Ddeterministic models can be used even without calibration or tuning (very useful
during the nominal plan phase).
Can be optimize via an automatic calibration when the site are deployed.
More flexibility in term of time of calculations.
E-UTRAN FDD/TDD, UMTS FDD/TDD, TETRA and all the frequency bands are fully
supported in the same project.
Page 39 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Performing the LTE reconfiguration network via the use of new Micro or
Femtocell based on:
Traffic congestion.
Page 40 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
The Physical cell IDs Optimization process in ICS designer is the following:
o
Page 41 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Then, the function SON check PCIs can be used to check the PCIs inconstancies:
o
Check of the Confusion-free: Assure that all the neighboring cells need to
have different PCI values.
Check of the Collision-free: Assure that no two cells must be received with
same PCI.
In the end of the calculation, the PCI collusion and confusion between the
eNBs are displayed and generated in a CSV report.
Page 42 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 43 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Since the PCI is also used to calculate the PCFICH offset, the Automatic PCI
planning tool can also takes into account DL PRBs of the eNBs
Page 44 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
4.3. Optimization dedicated to the RAT ANR configuration LTE SON features
Scope: Optimize the self-RAT ANR (allocation neighbor Relation) generated by SON
The Optimization methodology used in ICS designer to optimize the RAT ANR (Allocation Neighbor
relation) is the following:
o
Page 45 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
The neighbors list of each eNB are automatically updated and stored in e-nodeB setup tab
parameter of the eNBs
The assumptions used during the RAT ANR optimization calculation are described in the section 3.9
Action
RSRP KPIs can be imported and used in ICS designer to:
-
Page 46 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 47 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
The correlation feature in ICS designer can be used to correlate the RSRP measurement and
predictions in ICS designer in order to check the potential inconstancies parameters of the eNB
(wrong azimuth, coordinates, etc.). The RSRP measurement can be also used for the auto tuning
model in ICS designer (as shows bellow):
Page 48 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 49 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Action
Can be used to:
-
Parameters
SNIR(PDSCH)
(dB)
Action
Can be used to:
Parameters
SNIR(PDCCH) (dB)
Action
Can be used to:
Page 50 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Action
Allows to update the %Overhead of the e-nodeB
Parameters
Available
PBRs
Action
Allows to update the %PDSCH of the e-nodeB and usable RB.
Page 51 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Action
Allows to update the transmission mode of the e-nodeB
Parameters
Mechanical tilt
Action
Allows to update the Mechanical tilt of the e-nodeB antenna
SON feature
Automated configuration of
Physical Cell ID
The %overhead tool in ICS designer allows to update automatically the resources of the
physical channels according to the new PDCCH reconfiguration and the current eNB
configuration (FDD/TDD modes, bandwidth, and transmission mode). The user is then
able to compare SNIR performance of the traffic channels and PDCCH before and
after the new PDCCH configuration and check the any risk of SNIR degradation.
Page 52 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 53 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
The goal of this function is to optimize the RRSP coverage by reducing the resurgences of RSRP
signals (best server coming from a far eNB and likely to create interference) and at the same time
avoid RSRP degradation (or at least acceptable degradation) of the RSRP service area of the eNBs.
In the end of the calculation the ACP function will compute the best eNBs configuration (Antenna type
and/or Azimuth and/or tilt and/or Height and/or transmitted Power).
Algorithm used by this function:
The user must to define for each eNB the maximum cell coverage distance. This distance is used to
evaluate the limit cell edge of the eNB and to determinate the coverage range to do not exceed (limit
of the wanted RSRP best server area). A circle or polygon around each eNB is generated with the
following assumptions
-
The wanted best server areas of the eNB (in other words, all the service area of the eNB
except the resurgence area). The RSRP coverage inside this area must be not degraded.
The not desired RSRP best server area (or unwanted best server) considered as a far signal
and as a resurgence area. This unwanted coverage will be the best server coverage outside the
limit distance of the eNB.
The tool will compute the best configuration (Antenna type and/or Azimuth and/or tilt and/or Height
and/or transmitted Power) in order to reduce the not desired best server area and avoiding a
degradation of the wanted best server area. In final, this optimization process will allow to reduce the
RSRP pollution effects and increase the global SNIR performance of the network without degradation
of the existing RSRP KPI. The optimization function takes into account a Tolerance % criterion in
order to define the maximum degradation to do not exceed inside the "optim distance".
Practical case:
In order to reduce the RSRP resurgence, the user must to define the max allowed distance for the
RSRP best server. In the following case, the max distance assumption is based on the maximum
neighbor distance. A polygon describing the limit area is automatically generated by the user:
Page 54 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 55 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
In the following example, the optimization tool will determinate the best mechanical down tilt to apply
in order to keep just the wanted RSRP best server area and remove the unwanted RSRP best server
coverage.
Page 56 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 57 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 58 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 59 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 60 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 61 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Assure DL throughput 768 kb/s and transmits 256 kb/s UL (assuming DL MCS6 and
UL MCS5)
Cell edge coverage probability: 95%
Service area to cover : Urban area composed of streets/Roads/parks/ Buildings (8.6975 km and
population: 80 000)
Page 62 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Frequency bands: [2515MHz ; 2535MHz] for Micro sites and [800MHz ; 850MHz] for macro
sites;
LTE Macro, Micro and indoor stations can be used during the network design.
A digital terrain model (DTM) with a resolution of 4m providing the altitude of the ground over
the whole area;
Image servers;
A building layer
A ground occupancy layer containing 8 classes describing the nature of the ground for the
following areas: open, buildings, vegetation, water and roads
Page 63 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
SNIR Requirement
Propagation model
General parameters:
E-nodeB equipment: Flexi RF module (60w)
Channel Bandwidth: 5MHz
Total Number of PRBs: 25
Mode: FDD
Tx Antenna Gain : 18dBi
Transmission mode: MIMO 2*2 (2Tx/2Rx)
Feeder losses : 0.4dB
Cyclic Prefix : Normal
Number of OFDM Symbols per Subframe: 14
System overhead:
Number of PDCCH Symbols per Subframe: 3
Reference Signal: 9.52%
Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS): 0.17%
Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS): 0.17%
PBCH / PRACH: 0.31%
PDCCH (incl. PCFICH, PHICH) / PUCCH: 19.05%
Total System Overhead: 29.23%
Page 64 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
General parameters:
UE Power Class: 3 (0.2 W)
Transmission mode: 1TX/2RX
Tx Antenna gain: 0dBi
Channel mode: Enhanced Pedestrian A 5 Hz
Uplink (Kbps)
SINR
EPA5 / 2x2MIMO
EPA5 / SIMO
-5
43.81
39.54
-4
54.04
48.23
-3
65.68
58.36
-2
78.88
70.07
-1
93.77
83.46
110.48
98.64
129.13
115.67
149.86
134.58
172.77
155.35
197.98
177.92
225.55
202.18
255.57
227.94
288.07
254.98
323.07
282.98
360.54
311.61
10
400.45
340.45
11
442.7
369.04
12
487.16
396.9
13
533.68
423.52
14
582.04
448.38
15
631.98
470.99
16
683.22
490.87
17
735.42
507.58
18
788.21
520.75
19
841.17
530.08
20
893.89
535.35
21
945.88
536.56
22
996.68
536.56
23
1045.79
536.56
24
1092.72
536.56
25
1136.98
536.56
26
1178.09
536.56
Downlink
(Kbps)
Uplink
(Kbps)
SINR
EPA5 / 2x2MIMO
EPA5 / SIMO
-5
525.72
474.48
-4
648.48
578.76
-3
788.16
700.32
-2
946.56
840.84
-1
1125.24
1001.52
1325.76
1183.68
1549.56
1388.04
1798.32
1614.96
2073.24
1864.2
2375.76
2135.04
2706.6
2426.16
3066.84
2735.28
3456.84
3059.76
3876.84
3395.76
4326.48
3739.32
10
4805.4
4085.4
11
5312.4
4428.48
12
5845.92
4762.8
13
6404.16
5082.24
14
6984.48
5380.56
15
7583.76
5651.88
16
8198.64
5890.44
17
8825.04
6090.96
18
9458.52
6249.00
19
10094.04
6360.96
20
10726.68
6424.2
21
11350.56
6438.72
22
11960.16
6438.72
23
12549.48
6438.72
24
13112.64
6438.72
25
13643.76
6438.72
26
14137.08
6438.72
Page 65 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Downlink (Kbps)
Uplink (Kbps)
SINR
EPA5 / 2x2MIMO
EPA5 / SIMO
27
1215.59
536.56
28
1249.07
536.56
29
1278.13
536.56
30
1302.43
536.56
31
1321.68
536.56
32
1335.65
536.56
33
1344.16
536.56
34
1347.12
536.56
35
1347.12
536.56
36
1347.12
536.56
Table 5:
DL SNIR vs. Throughput (per RB)
(Channel models: EPA 5 Hz and Open loop Spatial
Multiplexing MIMO 2x2, BLER: 10%)
Downlink
(Kbps)
Uplink
(Kbps)
SINR
EPA5 / 2x2MIMO
EPA5 / SIMO
27
14587.08
6438.72
28
14988.84
6438.72
29
15337.56
6438.72
30
15629.16
6438.72
31
15860.16
6438.72
32
16027.8
6438.72
33
16129.92
6438.72
34
16165.44
6438.72
35
16165.44
6438.72
36
16165.44
6438.72
Table 6:
DL SNIR vs. Throughput (with 50% load traffic)
(Channel models: EPA 5 Hz and Open loop Spatial
Multiplexing MIMO 2x2, BLER: 10%)
As shown in the table 7, the minimum SNIR required to achieve 768 Kbps in DL is -3dB:
As shown in the table 8, the minimum SNIR required to achieve 256 Kbps in UL is -5dB:
Downlink
-16
5
-101.4
-96.4
13.2
-99.2
Notes:
Page 66 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Downlink
768
-3
5
-101.4
-96.4
13.2
-86.2
Notes:
The SNIR (dB) required for the DL/UL target throughput are defined in the vendor table of recommendation
KTB DL = -174dBm/Hz + 10 * log (15KHz*12* RB) = -174dBm/Hz + 10 * log (15KHz*12* 25)
= -107.4dBm
In DL OFDM receiver looks at the whole bandwidth, thus all available Resources Blocks should be considered.
KTB UL = -174dBm/Hz + 10 * log (15KHz*12* RB) = -174dBm/Hz + 10 * log (15KHz*12* 12) = -110.6dBm
In SC-FDMA receiver looks only at the allocated bandwidth, thus not all but only assigned Resources Blocks are assumed in
sensitivity formula.
Page 67 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
When UE transmit power is less than eNodeB transmit power, UEs in idle mode may receive the
eNodeB signals and successfully register in cells. However, the eNodeB cannot receive uplink signals
because of limited power when UEs perform random access or upload data. In this situation, the
uplink coverage distance is less than the downlink coverage distance. Imbalance between uplink and
downlink involves limited uplink or downlink coverage. In order to use a balanced link budget, the
radiated power used on the traffic channels for the base stations will be 34.2dBm. So for a traffic load
of 50%, the nominal power is reduced to 37.3dBm.
The recommended propagations models for the LTE study are the following deterministic models:
Page 68 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 33:: Deterministic propagation model selection for LTE simulation ICS Designer
Page 69 of 80
The following manual is copyright protecte
tected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this
th manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
4.1.1 Methodology
In this section we will discuss the process for creating an LTE network design in ICS Designer based on
the previous assumptions described before. A step by step process is provided.
1. STEP1: Once the empty project which contains the cartographic data (digital terrain model,
clutter, building and Bing, Rim, Google, Geoportail images) is loaded, the first stage of the study
will consist to create and configurate the macro and micro LTE sites with the technical
parameters described in the section 3.3.1. All the parameters specific to this configuration will be
saved into a .TRX file. This file may be used (by batch mode) to update a group of stations or
used by the automatic search of site function. Typically a .TRX file can be created for each
vendor (Ericsson, NSN, Huawei) and equipment type (macro, micro, indoor or fetmocell)
and it can be used to update the configuration of one or several stations together.
2. STEP2: The second step is to determinate the number of sites and site locations required to
achieve the target coverage and throughput. In practice, during a LTE deployment scenario
most of the sites candidates are selected from a list of friendly sites (2G or 3G existing sites) and
the rule of the RF planner will consist to find the best candidates and densify the network with
the add of new Macro or Micro/Indoor sites. Use the Automatic search site function to generate
automatically the LTE network design taking into consideration the required criteria based on the
RSRP threshold. During this first step we assume the following assumptions and targets:
a. Only LTE Macro sites (using the 800MHz band) will be used during this phase
b. The main target is to achieve at least 80% of the Indoor/Outdoor coverage
c. All the geographical sites are located in building supports
d. E-nodeB antenna heights: 4 meters above the roof top.
e. An another pass will be applied in the second stage with Micro and Indoor sites (using
2.6GHz band) in order to reduce the cost and the number of Macro Site.
3. STEP3: Once the RSRP coverage target is achieved, launch the automatic frequency
assignment in order to reduce the inter site interference and increase the global SNIR of the
network.
4. STEP4: Check the RSRP overlapping area in order to detect the RSRP pollution area and then
increase the downtilt of the interferer station.
5. STEP5: Once the RSRP target is achieved, launch the automatic frequency assignment in order
to reduce the inter site interference and increase the global SNIR of the network.
6. STEP6: Check the RSRP overlapping area in order to detect the RSRP pollution area and then
increase the downtilt of the interferer station.
7. STEP7: Launch the DL Peak throughput plot coverage based on the DL SNIR (PDSCH) taking
into account the RSRQ requirement (Higher or equal to -16dB).
8. Check if the target throughput over the area is achieved. If not return to the step 1
9. Launch the DL Peak throughput plot coverage based on the UL SNIR (PDUCH)
10. Merge the two results DL/UL Peak throughput plot coverage
Page 70 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 34: Green colour= MACRO SITES; Blue colour: MICRO SITE
Figure 35: The shortcut Shift +Z allows to display the inter site distance between the new sites
Page 71 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
As shown in the figure 37, the result is quite good: Continuous coverage is ensured (more than 96%
with cell edge probability: 95%).
Page 72 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 38: Number of simultaneous RS signals (except from the best signal)
The simultaneous RS signal plot allows to analyse the potential risks of RS pollution. In an area
without a dominant cell, the receive level of the serving cell is similar to the receive levels of its
neighboring cells and the receive levels of downlink signals between different cells are close to cell
reselection thresholds. Receive levels in an area without a dominant cell are also unsatisfactory. The
SINR of the serving cell becomes unstable and receive quality (RSRQ) becomes unsatisfactory. In this
situation, a dominant cell is frequently reselected and changed in idle mode. As a result, frequent
handovers or service drops occur on UEs in connected mode because of poor signal quality. An area
without a dominant cell can also be regarded as a weak coverage area (see figure 40).
The resolving problems with Lack of a Dominant Cell can be performed as follows: Determine cells
covering an area without a dominant cell during network planning, and adjust antenna tilts and
azimuths to increase coverage by a cell with strong signals and decrease coverage of other cells with
weak signals. The optimisation features described in the sections 3.11 - 3.12 and 3.13 can be used to
improve the RSRQ threshold and reduce the lack of dominant cell.
Page 73 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 74 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 75 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
5.2.1 Methodology
Step 1: Select the automatic neighboor list function and activate all the LTE sites.
Step 2: Launch an automatic PCI planning based on the previous neighboor list
Step 3: Display the LTE HO map taking into:
The intra and inter frequency sites
The various hysteresis criterions (RSRQ/RSRP)
The previous list of intra and inter neighbors cells.
Step 4: Launch the PRACH planning
5.2.2 Results
Once the neighbour list is generated the user can perform the automatic PCI planning:
Page 76 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 77 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Figure 46: Figure 42: Physical-layer cell-identity group allocation in the e-nodeB
Page 78 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
Page 79 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.
7. REFERENCES
1. 3GPP TS 36.300 v8.0.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRAN);
2. 3GPP TR 36.942 V10.2.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
3. 3GPP TS 36.104, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
4. 3GPP TS 36.101, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
5. Automatic Configuration of Random Access Channel Parameters in LTE Systems
KCA (Korea Communications Agency) (KCA-2011-08913-04003), and in part by the National Research
Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST)
6. Neighbor Cell Relation List and Physical Cell Identity Self-Organization in LTE
Mehdi Amirijoo, Pl Frenger, Fredrik Gunnarsson, Harald Kallin, Johan Moe, Kristina Zetterberg
(Wireless Access Networks, Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB, Sweden).
Page 80 of 80
The following manual is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part of this manual, in whole or in
part, may be copied or reproduced in any way without prior written authorization of ATDI.