Application of the some renowned

Numerical Methods.
MD. Saidur Rahman Kohinoor
Department of CSE, FSIT

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Numerical Analysis:
Numerical analysis involves the study of methods of computing
numerical data. Normally it provides:
Approximation
The rate of convergence
The accuracy of the answer
The completeness of the response
[Reference]

Application in Engineering Field:

Calculation of temperatures and heat flow under steady-state or
transient boundary conditions
Optimization of structures
Investigation of thermal bridge effects
Simulation of ground freezing and water evaporation
Computation of radiation heat transfer in voids
Curve fitting from Tabular Data
[Reference]

Algebraic and Transcendental Equations:

Concept:

Algebraic Equation: An Equation which contains algebraic terms is

called as an algebraic Equation. Example: X2+X+1=0 , Here Highest
power of x is finite. So it is an algebraic Equation.
Transcendental Equation: An equation which contains trigonometric
ratios, exponential function and logarithmic functions is called as a
Transcendental Equation.
[Reference]
Example: ex+2=0, sinx+1=0, log(1+x)=0 etc.

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To find a root of the given equations, we have the following methods.

Such as1. Bisection Method
2. The method of False position
3. NewtonRaphson method
4. Iteration method

Bisection Method:
The Bisection Method is a successive approximation method that
narrows down an interval that contains a root of the function f(x). It is a
very simple method, but comparatively slow.
Application:
Short detection in video content for digital video library.
For locating and computing the periodic orbits in molecular
systems.
In determining an adequate population size
[Reference]

The method of False position:

Bisection method converges slowly and poor adaptability to higher
dimensions. So, we need another method for better solutions and
invent a method, name, False position method.
Application:
Find out more accurate roots of nonlinear equation.
In determining an adequate population size
Using in molecular systems.
[Reference]

NewtonRaphson method:
Newton-Raphson method is a root-finding algorithm that uses the first
few terms of the Taylor series of a function f(x) in the vicinity of a
suspected root.
Application:
Early evaluate to the profit and loss of a company.
Can be used to solve transcendental equations.

[Reference]

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Iteration method:
Iterative method is a mathematical procedure that generates a
sequence of improving approximate solutions for a class of problems.
Application:
Iterative method is used for solving non-symmetrical Linear
systems in the Simulation of Semiconductor processing.
Using in explicit repetition structure , regardless of mutability.
[Reference]

Interpolation:
Interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the
range of a discrete set of known data points. Interpolations commonly
used in:
(a) Polynomials
(b) Splines
(c) Trigonometric polynomials
(d) Image Resizing
(e) Define angel in .
[Reference1,Reference2]

Newtons Formula for Interpolation:

Newtons formula for interpolation is named after Issac Newton. This
method given a set of data points(x,y), finds a relevant polynomial
according to the data set which is often called the Newtons
polynomial.
Application:
For making projection about population, business growth and
many other situations for finding co-relation between two
dependent numerical factors.
Interactive entries, more specifically use in the Interactive
Demonstrations in the field of applied science.
e2]

[Reference1,Referenc

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Lagranges Interpolation Formula:

Lagranges Interpolation Formula is used for polynomial interpolation.
This formula is better than newton's formula because it is not limited to
only equidistant data sets.
Application:
It can be computed in finite fields. This has applications in
cryptography, such as Shamirs Secret Sharing Scheme.
It can also be used for describing the Fluids Motion.
[Reference1,Referenc
e2]

Numerical Differentiation- maximum and minimum values

of tabulated function:
If a function is differentiable, then the maximum and minimum value of
that function can be determined by equating the first derivative to zero
and solving for the variable. Actually, this method is extendable for the
tabulated function.
Application:
Used for finding the derivational equation or values at a particular
point of a polynomial related to a given data.
The concept of a strict extremum can be defined.
Used in Fermat's principle, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen radius.
[Reference,
Reference2]

Numerical Integration:
Numerical integration is the approximate computation of integral using
numerical techniques. Also called quadrature, which refers to finding a
square whose area is the same as the area under a curve, it is one of
the classical topics of numerical analysis.
Application:
Numerical integration has always been useful in Bio-statistics.
In motion capture technology numerical integration plays a major
part in analyzing and creation virtual motion from the acquired
data.
In astronomy, projection path of meteoroids are calculated by
using numerical integration.
[Reference1,Reference2]

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Individual Application of Numerical Integration Methods:

Method 1:
Trapezoidal rule
Trapezoidal rule is used for non-periodic functions.
It can be applied in the methods of unequally spaced points, like
as Gaussian quadrature and Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature.

[Reference1,Referenc

e2]

Method 2:
Simpsons 1/3 rule
Simpsons 1/3 rule accurately applied to overlapping segments.
[Reference]

Method 3:
Simpsons 3/8 rule
Simpsons 3/8 rule is used in Architecture, especially in Naval
Architecture.

[Reference]

Method 4:
Weddles rule
Weddles rule is mainly used for preprogrammed routines for its
better accurate results in hand calculation.
Widely used in motion capture technology.
Used in Astronomy.

[Reference1,Referenc
e2]

Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations:

This section of numerical methods is used to find the derivative value
by analyzing a given data set. This section is used to find the
derivation equation or values at a particular point of a polynomial
related to given data.
Methods:
Picards method of successive approximation
Runge-Kutta method
Application:
Picards method of successive approximation used in one-phase
Stefan problem.
Runge-Kutta methods used to solve the Schrodinger Equation for
Hydrogen and Positronium Atoms.
[Reference1,Reference2]

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Matrices:
Norm:
The norm of a matrix is a real number which is a measure of the magnitude of the matrix.
Application:
Norms use on Euclidean spaces, linear mappings, conjugation and quadratic
maximization.
[Reference]

Condition number with interpretation:

Computing condition number from the definition would require
much more work than computing solution whose accuracy to be
assessed.
Condition number estimated inexpensively as a byproduct of the
solution process.
[Reference]

LU decomposition:
Use for Gaussian Elimination to obtain.
It generates an upper triangular matrix.
[Reference]

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