c2 Topic 4 Revise Wise

Edexcel C2 Topic 4 Revise Wise
Groups in the Periodic Table

Metals and their Properties
In the box draw a diagram to represent the
structure of a metal.
Include the lattice of cations and the sea of
mobile, delocalised electrons.
remember: cations are paws-itive
For A* you will need to be able to explain the properties of the metals in terms of their structure.
property
explanation
conductivity of
electricity
malleability
high melting and boiling

points
www.worldchemistrytutor.com
Transition Metals
Most of the metals in the Periodic Table are Transition Metals.
Use your notes and revision guide to fill in the table below with
some specific examples of transition metals, their properties and their uses.
property
specific examples
melting point
colours
uses
Alkali Metals
Alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
They are quite different to the Transition Metals. In the table below,
highlight the appropriate word to describe the different type of metals.
transition metals
alkali metals
melting point
high / low
high / low
hardness
hard / soft
hard / soft
reactivity with
water
high / low
high / low
Alkali Metals and Water

Arrange these alkali metals in order of increasing reactivity (sodium, lithium, potassium, rubidium)
least reactive
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
most reactive
........................................................
Complete the sentence:

As atomic number increases, the reactivity of the Group 1 metals
.................................. .
The products of the reaction are the metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Complete these word equations:
+
water
..
.. +
water
sodium hydroxide
hydrogen
rubidium +
water
..
lithium
The balanced chemical equation can be remembered as the 2.2.2 equation:
Li (s)
H2O (l)
LiOH (aq)
H2 (g)
Write balanced equations for the word equations above:

.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
How could you prove hydrogen was produced in the reaction?

.......................................................................................................................................................
The Halogens
Fill in the table below to show how the strength of the intermolecular forces changes with atomic number.
colour at room
temperature
halogen
state at room
temperature
fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
Remember: halogens are diatomic molecules (they go round in pairs)

e.g.
F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2
Reactions of the Halogens

Halogens react with most metals to form metal halides.
e.g.
bromine
aluminium
Al
aluminium bromide
balance the equation below:
Br2
AlBr3
Halogens also react with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides.

These compounds are very soluble in water and form acidic solutions.
e.g.
hydrogen
chlorine
hydrogen chloride
Cl2
HCl
balance the equation below:
H2
Hydrogen chloride gas will dissolve in water to form hydrochloric acid

Explaining the Reactivity of Alkali Metals and Halogens

Fill in the table below to show the reactivity trend of the alkali metals and the halogens.
reactivity
alkali metals
halogens
least
most
Which alkali metal has the biggest atoms? ........................................................................................................

When alkali metals react they
gain/lose* an electron.
* delete as appropriate
As the atoms get bigger, it is easier for them to lose their outer electron. It is further from the nucleus and
so isnt held so tightly in the atom. If its easier to lose electrons then they will be more reactive.
Which halogen has the biggest atoms? ..............................................................................................................
When halogens react they
gain/lose* an electron.
* delete as appropriate
As the atoms get bigger, it is harder for them to gain an electron. The bigger the atom the harder it is to
attract an electron. If its harder to gain electrons, then they will be less reactive.
Summary
The bigger an atom, the easier it is to lose electrons.
Alkali metals react by losing an electron. Therefore the bigger alkali metal atoms are more reactive.
The smaller an atom, the easier it is to gain electrons
Halogens react by gaining an electron.
Therefore the smaller halogen atoms are more reactive.
Displacement Reactions of the Halogens

A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its compound.
In the table below tick which reactions will happen and write an equation to show the reaction.
halogen
halide salt
chlorine
bromine
iodine
potassium
chloride
potassium
bromide
potassium
iodide
Equations:
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
Noble Gases
Colour in the clouds below that best describe the noble gases.
Uses of Noble Gases

Complete the table describing the uses of argon and helium and explain why the properties of these
elements make them suitable for their jobs.
noble gas
use
explanation
argon
helium
Trends in Properties of Noble Gases

In the exam you may be given the density or boiling point of one noble gas and asked to guess the value
for another one. Therefore you need to know the trends you will see as you go down the group.
boiling point
density
lowest
highest
Complete the sentences below to summaries the patterns:

As you go down the group the boiling point of the noble gases _________________________
As you go down the group the density of the noble gases _________________________
malleable
delocalised electrons
displacement
inert
density
transition metals
7

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Edexcel C2 Topic 4 Revise Wise

Groups in the Periodic Table

remember: cations are paws-itive

high melting and boiling

Alkali Metals and Water

Complete the sentence:

The balanced chemical equation can be remembered as the 2.2.2 equation:

Write balanced equations for the word equations above:

How could you prove hydrogen was produced in the reaction?

Remember: halogens are diatomic molecules (they go round in pairs)

F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2

Reactions of the Halogens

balance the equation below:

Halogens also react with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides.

balance the equation below:

Hydrogen chloride gas will dissolve in water to form hydrochloric acid

Explaining the Reactivity of Alkali Metals and Halogens

Which alkali metal has the biggest atoms? ........................................................................................................

Displacement Reactions of the Halogens

Uses of Noble Gases

Trends in Properties of Noble Gases

Complete the sentences below to summaries the patterns:

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