Oil Then,' Water Now' - Another Reason For War in The 21st Century

8/18/2015
OilThen,WaterNow:AnotherReasonforWarinthe21stCentury?
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OilThen,WaterNow:AnotherReasonforWar
inthe21stCentury?
StrobeDriver,Jun222015
http://www.eir.info/2015/06/22/oilthenwaternowanotherreasonforwarinthetwentyfirstcentury/
1/12
8/18/2015
ImagebyMatthewPeoples
WhyOil?
ThepursuitofoilhasalongandtorturedhistoryintheWesternworld,bothintermsofgainingaccessthe
impositionofEuropeancolonialisminordertomaintainaccessandfromtheongoingneedtomaintaina
constantsupply.Crudeoil,ormorepreciselythepetroloillubricants(POL)thatarederivedfromits
numerouspostdrillprocesseshavebeenvitaltotheprogressofWesternnationstatesingeneral.The
commensurateknowledgeandunderstandingthatinordertokeepWesternlivingstandardsthroughthe
industrialandmechanicalbasethatcomprisesprogresstheirsocietieswere,andremain,dependentonoil.
Inmorecontemporarytimes,thesefactorsarealsoimportantformanyAsian,MiddleEastern,Easternand
EurasiansocietiesalthoughtheEuropeanWestsuchasCanada,Australia,andtheUnitedStatesofAmerica
andWesternoffshootssuchasJapanandSingapore,wouldcontinuetodevelopandexpanduponthebase
ofoilasaprimedriveroftheireconomies.Oilovertimebecameanexponentiallyimportantandvitalsource
fortheupwardprogressofmodernnationstatesandtobesure,guaranteedongoinggrowth.
Notwithstanding,thenumerousfactorsunderlyingtheimportanceofPOLtothecontinuedadvancementof
countriesarefartoonumerousforthisessayandonlyseveralneedtobe,albeitbriefly,highlightedto
emphasisethestandingofPOLhaswithintherealmofdomesticandinternationalgeostrategicandgeo
politicalinfluences.
CommittingtoOil
ThetenetofPOLasaresourcecanbeobservedintheBritishLordoftheAdmiralty,WinstonChurchill
circa1912makingthedecisiontoproduceoilonlyships,theQueenElizabethclassdestroyersthatwere
designedtomeetarisingWeimarGermanRepublicdue.Thedecisionwasmadefortacticaladvantageas
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burningoilproducedgreaterspeedforbattleshipswhencomparedtothecumbersomeandproblematicsof
coalfired,orcoaloilcombinations.[1]Churchillspragmaticcommitmenttooilisabletobeobservedin
thestatementforthefirsttime,thesupremeshipsofthenavy,onwhichourlifedepended,werefedbyoil
andcouldonlybefedbyoil.[2]ThistacticalandstrategiccommitmenttoPOLoncemade,wouldhave
anincrementalandthenexponentialbuildingcapacityfortheRoyalNavy,andwouldgoontoinfluencethe
machineryofwarfordecadestocome.Tobecertain,thededicationBritainhadtoitsnavyisduetoits
survivalasanislandnationandthereforehadaheavyrelianceonitsdefencethroughimmediatenaval
superiorityindeed,Bonapartecirca1810wouldcomplainofbeingunabletoinvadeBritainduetothe
woodenwalloftheBritishNavy[3]andduetoitsongoingcolonisationpracticesbecameincreasingly
dependentonseagoingcapabilitiesinordertosustainitsprotectoratesanddefendmultiplecoastlines,which
inturnmadeBritaineverreliantonhavingseabornetradetokeepitseconomyrobust.Theoutcomefor
BritainwouldbeatthebeginningofWorldWarOnehavingthemostpowerfuloildrivennavyinthe
world.[4]FromtheearlytwentiethcenturytherelianceonPOLwouldonlygrow.
ThetotalwarofWorldWarTwowouldalsothrusttheneedforPOLintotheforefrontofoperations.
GermanywouldpushtowardtheRussian(nowAzerbaijan)oilfieldsofBakuwhereastaggeringseventytwo
percentoftheSovietsoilneedsstemmedfrom,[5]andmoreover,theurgencyofandforPOL,inasense
forcedNaziGermanytoinvadeRussia.[6]Therelianceonoilforanationatwarandthedesperationfor
theresourcecanalsobeobservedinthepushbyJapanintoSoutheastAsiawiththetakingofMalaya,and
SingaporeinWorldWarTwo.Thepushwasinpart,drivenbyaneverburgeoningnecessityasJapanneeded
oilreservesthatwouldallowittowageasuccessfulwarandwasconstrictedasaresourcedependentisland.
Forinstance,theImperialJapaneseNavyrequired400tonsofoilperhourtomaintainitswarreadinessand
thisfactorcombinedwiththerefusaloftheBritish,theUnitedStatesofAmerica(US)andtheNetherlandsto
restrictmarketaccessandoilasJapanbecameincreasinglycosmopolitanandaregionalsuperpowerfurther
reinforcedinJapanesemilitaryhierarchiesthatSoutheastAsiahadtobeconqueredinordertomaintain
adequateoilsupplies,[7]andmoreoverJapanunderstoodthegeostrategicandgeopoliticalthreatsthat
powerfulnationstatescouldposehavingexperiencedbothatthehandsoftheBritish,DutchandtheUSfrom
circa1900onwards.[8]Fromtheseexperiences,andbearinginminditsgeographythatofanislandnation
withneedsandcoloniesnotdissimilartoBritainsJapanfromtheoutsetwasdesperatetosecureaconstant
supplyofoilinordertosustainawareffortandtowinaprotractedconflictespeciallyifthedestructionof
theUSPacificFleetwasincomplete.
Inmorecontemporarytimesthedependenceonoileitherasafiscalresourceoraspoliticalleveragecanbe
observedintheUSplanningtosendtroopstoaSaudiArabiaintheoilcrisisoftheearly1970sinorderto
securesupply.[9]TheIranIraqWarwhichwaslargelyfundedbyoilrevenuesbybothbelligerentsthe
acceptanceoftheShahofIransdespoticruleinIranbyWesternliberaldemocraciesinordertoretainoil
accessandthereflaggingofKuwaititankersinadisputebetweenseveralMiddleEastnationsinthePersian
GulfwhichwasabletolegallyelicitUSmilitaryprotection(19801987),[10]offersaninsightintothe
fractiousnessthatoilhasformed.
Andtomentionthattheacutepursuitofoilinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotsignificantlyalteredinthe
twentyfirstcenturyperseisanimportantyet,germanepointtomakeandmoreover,whilstthe
abovementionedisnotanexhaustiveindescriptionwithregardtooil,itdoesofferaninsightintothe
commitmentanddesperationthatoil,asacommodity,hasbedevilledgovernments.Oilstillretainsthe
abilityasamechanismfordisputeamongstnations,howeveritisabroadyetaccuratestatementtopresume
thatasoildeclinesasaprimarysourcefordevelopmentandsecurityneedsasotherenergyresourcesare
incrementallyandthenexponentiallydevelopedoilwillshiftasaprimeresourceandthus,oilwill,inall
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probabilitynolongerbeaprincipalsourceofhostilities.Anothercommodityisbeginningtodeveloponthe
horizon,andoccupythemindofgovernments:freshwater.
Water:TheNewOil?
Theimportanceofwaterasamethodofcontrolhasrecentlycometotheforeandbeenhighlightedinthe
desperationofIraqiforcesastheyfoughttoregain,andthenhold,theMosulDam.Thestrikeandcounter
strikecomponentsofthebattleinvolved(northern)Kurdishforces,IraqiforcesandUSairstrikesthatwere
combinedinorderto,inthefirstinstance,retardtheadvancesoftheIslamicStateofIraqandSyria(ISIS)
andthesecond,topushISISoutofthestrategiclocation.[11]Whilstthisremainsafluidsituationatthetime
ofwriting,itdoesillustratethatpartofwarstrategyistocontrolfreshwatersupplies.
Controloffreshwaterinorderforhumansurvivaldirectlythroughhydrationandindirectlyviaassociated
healthoutcomessuchasirrigationforthegrowingoffoodstuffsanditsuseforsewageprocessingand/or
removalisagermaneyetnecessarypointtomake.Formanynations,waterandthedesperationtoretain
controloverithasalreadygainedsomenotoriety.Apointincaseisthecontrolofwater,onceestablishedis
difficultforcountriestorelinquish,andthisisillustratedbyIsraelsongoingcontroloftheGolanHeights
whichwasoriginallywonintheSixDayWarof1967asthewaterthereinsuppliesattimes,onethirdof
Israelswaterneeds.[12]WhilstthecontinuedunilateralannexingoftheGolanHeightsbyIsraeldisregards
UnitedNationsprotocolsthroughtheprismsofdecolonization[13]andtherightofallpeopletoself
determination[14]intheirownlandandofoccupiedlandhavingtobereturnedtothecountryoforigin
afteraconflictisover,orinsimplertermsColonialism/Colonisationand/orprolongedoccupationsince
1990[15]throughmechanismsandprocessesoftheUnitedNationsessentiallyhasnolegalstatusinthe
internationalcommunity.Nevertheless,allofferaninsightintoincreasingthelikelihoodofaccesstowater
givingrisetocontinuedconflictandongoingtensions.
Notwithstanding,thecontinuedanddeliberatenoncooperationanddismissalofinternationallyrecognised
conventionsbyIsraelparadoxically,highlightsthestrategicimportanceofwatertoanationssurvival.And
itisfurtherprudenttonote,awaterwarwasalsohiddeninthe1965fightingbetweenIndiaandPakistan,in
mountainousJammuandKashmir.Pakistansmilitaryobjectivewastotakeanareawherethreerivers
collectedasubstantialportionoftheirflows.Inall,theUnitedNationscountsthirtysevencasesofwater
relatedviolencebetweennationssincetheendoftheSecondWorldWar.[16]Theissuesthatdriveacrisisof
wateraremultifacetedandtoolargetoinvestigateinthisessayperse,sufficetostatetherearetwomajor
componentsthatcontributetowatercrises.Yearsofmismanagementbythedomesticgovernmentofanation
and/orastatecanbeobservedbysimplyhighlightingdifferentattitudestowaterasaresource:thenon
interventionandthereforealackofprudentgovernmentmonitoringofwaterusebythepopulationasinthe
casewithinIndia,[17]andaneglectfulattitudetowaterbeingafiniteresourcethathasbeenthecasein
California.[18]
Water:ThePossibilityofConflict
Underpinningtheissueofwaterfortheworldingeneralishowever,thatpopulationsandtheirgovernments
arebecomingmorepoliticallyastuteandcosmopolitantowardtherolethatwaterplaysintheirongoing
progressanddevelopmentastheawarenessandstateofaffairsthatwasonceattributedtooil.Withinthis
continuumgovernmentsarenowmovingtogeostrategicallyandgeopoliticallyassertandthenholdwhat
theyperceiveastheirwatersupply.Thisfactorcompleteownershipofwhatisoftenatransboundary
resourceiscausingintraregionaltensions,whichhavethepotentialofoutrighthostility.Egyptand
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Ethiopiaareperhapsthemostlikelytoclashwithregardtothewaterpossessioncumownershipissue:Egypt
historically,hasthreatenedtogotowarwithEthiopiaifitbarricadedtheNile,howeverwiththeonsetof
theArabSpringandattheheightofthechaoswhentheEgyptiangovernmentwaspreoccupiedwithitsown
survivalEthiopiabeganbuildingtheworldseighthlargesthydroelectricdamwhich,accordingtoEgypt
wasessentially,barricadingtheNile.[19]
Theaboveelementsbeingapartofcomingfrictionsnotwithstanding,thecorecomponentofimpendingwater
warsispopulationgrowth.In1974theworldsfourbillionthbabywasborn,in1987thefivebillionth,and
inOctober1999thesixbillionthby2050theestimatedpopulationoftheEarthwillbeastaggeringnine
billionpeople.[20]ThenumberofpeopleontheEarthisnotaproblemperse,andneitheristheissuethat
theWorldisrunningoutofwater,aswaternevertechnicallydisappears.Whenitleavesoneplace,itgoes
somewhereelse,andtheamountoffreshwateronearthhasnotchangedsignificantlyformillionsof
years.[21]Theissuehasbecomeoneofcompetitionforafiniteresourcethatcrossesborders.Indoingso
theuseofwater:whetherthroughdamming,laxenvironmentalorotherinputspoliticaltensionsarecreated
fromthedomesticpopulacedownriver.Abriefexplanationoftherolewaterplaysinthelifeofa
communityisneededhereinordertofullygrasptheknockoneffectthatwaterplaysinacommunityslife
blood.
Apartfromthegermaneassociationssuchaspeoplesgeneralhealthandwellbeingandtheirongoing
investmentinthesocialcapitaloftheircommunityfreshwateralsoallowsformercantilismtobe
abundantandrobust.Mercantilismisacomplexconceptandfartooindepthtoenterintohere,sufficeto
outlinethatitallowsforfiscalandemotionalwealthtoexistoneelementreinforcingtheotherand
interchangeable.AccordingtoMcNeil,theseconceptswhenbecomingarealitywithinacommunity
encouragesandreinforceaformalcentrewhichactsasamotivatorforthepopulacetoembrace
cohesiveness,andwhilstthismaybeginwiththeeliteofacommunitythecommitment,ortheactofloyalty
tocommunity,allowsforthecreationofcommunitydrivensocialidentities[22]tobecome
autocatalyticaselfsustainingprocess.[23]Foracountrysrulingelite,whetherademocracyor
otherwise,thereisforpoliticians,theeverpresentthreatofthetensionswithinthedomesticpopulace
escalatingduetotheirrequirementsnotbeingmet,andasignificantimpactontheabilityofpeopletoearna
livinghasinthepasthaddireconsequences,oftenendinginviolentorpassiverevolution.[24]
Governmentsofallpersuasionsareacutelyawareofhowcriticalelementscanprovokeimmediatereactions
inthepopulace.Itissafetoarguewaterasacatalystisnodifferentthanwhathasgonebefore,anditisat
thispointthatamoderndayimmediatedilemmaisabletobeintroduced,inordertoobservepotentialnation
stateramifications.
China,EgyptandSouthKorea:ThreeContemporaryExamplesoftheWaterDilemma
ChinaisawareoftheabovementionedandthePeoplesRepublicofChina(PRC)governmentisattempting
balanceitsavailablewaterresourcesinordertodecreasethethreatofintraregionaldisputes,especiallyifa
conflictrequiredtheinputofthePeoplesLiberationArmy.HenceChinainordertoavertfuturedomestic
issueshasaccordingtoLewisembarkedondambuildingonanunprecedentedscaleinhumanhistory.This
canbesummedupthus,
The[PRC]governmentisnowengagedinanewexpansionofdamsingreatstaircases,reservoir
uponreservoirsome130inallacrossChinasSouthwest.By2020Chinaaimstogenerate
120,000megawattsofrenewableenergy,mostofitfromhydroelectricpower.Thegovernment
declaresthatsuchdamsaresafe,avoidpollution,addressfutureclimatechange,controlfloods
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anddroughts,andenhancehumanlife.[25]
ThePRCcentralgovernmentisawarethatthreehundredmillionpeopleinthecountrysidelackaccesstosafe
drinkingwaterandthesituationissettoworsenasChinascitiesexpandandmoretothepointwater
stressedprovincesexportfoodproductstorainfallrichareas.[26]Thishasthepotentialtocauseadomestic
imbalancewithinChinaandbydefaultimpactupontheongoingprogressofChinainternationally.
AccordingtoWorldview,theissueforChinaisthehighprobabilityofdomesticconflictsoverwater.[27]To
wit,thesituationwillincreaseinvolatilityunlesswatermanagementstrategiesareadopted.ThePRC
governmenthasaplantoovercomethecurrentsituationasMaoZedongalertedthecountryoritswaterneeds
fiftyyearsago,andalthoughshorttermimplementationwillalsoberequired,lestthedomesticsituation
becomeadragonChinasinternationalambitionsthePRChaslaunchedthelargestwaterpipelineprojectin
worldhistorythefirstphasebeganoperationin2014.[28]ThePRCunderstandsabusinessasusual
scenariowillnotsufficeforthefutureandmorepertinenttotheambitionsofChina,thesimpletruthof
history,isthatacountrycannotexpandextramuraltoitsownbordersunlessthereispeaceathome.Towit,
thePRChasshownthatithasenormousterritorialambitionstoreclaimwhatitbelievestobetraditionally
andhistoricallytheirterritory:theParacelandSpratlyislandchains[29]beingthemostrecent.
Understandinghowwaterasaresourcehasnowdevelopedintoacommoditythathasinternational
repercussionsasoiloncedidcanbeobservedbyPatrickintheJournalofAmericanWaterWorks
Association(asquotedbyAhmed),whichexplainsthatthegrainpricespikescontributedtoEgypts2011
uprising,wereprimarilycausedbydroughtsinmajorgrainexportingcountrieslikeAustralia[30].
Moreover,SouthKoreaspersistentwatershortageswhichhadculminatedinreducedharvestsledtothe
topplingofMadagascarsleaderin2009duetoacommerciallyarrangedlandgrabthatwasattemptedby
SouthKoreainMadagascartoensureitsfoodsupplyremainedstable.However,intheprocessarablelandfor
Madagascanswasreducedandawatercrisisensued,[31]furtherindicatingthepursuitoffreshwaterasa
resource,canspreadtroublefromonepartoftheglobetoanother.[32]
Conclusion
Theabovementionedoffersaninsightintowhatoiloncewasandhowwaterhasnowbecomeamostsought
aftercommodity,onethatcountrieshavedisplayedarenewedinterestinandwithanincreasingamountof
threatofforce.Whetherthefrictionsoveroilwillcontinueatthecurrentrateisamootpointanddoesnot
needdefiningfurtherhere,aswhatisofimportanceincontemporarytimesishowwaterhasincrementally
beguntooverrideoilasacommoditythatisofmostbenefittoacountryinasensewaterhasreplacedoilas
theresourcethatnationstatesmusthaveiftheyaretoprosper.Freshwaterhasnowcometotheforeasa
vitalcomponentforinternalpoliticalsecurity,extramuralexpansionandgeopoliticalstability,andifoilasa
commodity,bepositionedasaguidetothefuture,waterwarshavetransformedintoaprobabilityratherthan
apossibility.
Notes
[1]ErikDahl.NavalInnovation:FromCoaltoOil.JointForceQuarterly.Winter,200001,5053.
[2]WinstonS.Churchill,TheWorldCrisis,Vol.1NewYork:Scribners,1923,133136.
[3]PhilippePaulDeSgur.Defeat.NapoleonsRussianCampaign.TranslatedbyDavidTownsend.New
York:NewYorkReviewofBooks,1986,xxiv.
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8/18/2015
[4]JohnSimkin.RoyalNavyandtheFirstWorldWar.
[5]MichaelAntonucci.BloodforOil:TheQuestforFuelOilinWorldWarTwo.MilitaryHistoryand
Espionage.
[6]Hitlerstated,ThemostimportantaimtobereachedbeforetheonsetofwinterisnottocaptureMoscow,
buttoseizetheCrimeaandtheindustrialandcoalregionontheDonets,andcutofftheRussianoilsupply
fromtheCaucasusarea.See:MilitaryHistoryandEspionage.
[7]PeterChen.InvasionofMalayaandSingapore.WorldWarIIDatabase.
[8]AdeeperinsightintothereasonswhythePacificphaseofWorldWarIIwouldbelaunchedbythe
Japanesecanbeobservedthroughtheprismofaretributionforpastpractices.Chomskyavers,Bythe
1920s,EnglandcouldnotcompetewithmoreefficientJapaneseindustry.Itthereforecalledthe[FreeMarket]
gameoff,returningtothepracticesthatallowedittodevelopinthefirstplace.Theempirewaseffectively
closedtoJapanesetradeDutchandAmericansfollowedsuit.Thesewereamongthestepsontheroadtothe
PacificphaseofWorldWarII[triggeredbythePearlHarborattack]andamongthoseignoredinthe50th
anniversarycommemorations.See:NoamChomsky.PowerandProspects.ReflectionsonHumanNature
andtheSocialOrder.Australia:Allen&Unwin,1996,102.
[9]GlennFrankel.U.S.MulledSeizingOilFieldsIn73.BritishMemoCitesNotionofSendingAirborne
[Troops]toMideast.WashingtonPost.com.TheplanisalsoreferredtoasDhahranOptionFourandis
articulatedinbyShenkmaninSaudiArabiasDoomsdayPlanas,In1973theBritishweretoldbyAmerican
DefenseSecretaryJamesSchlesingerthattheUnitedStatesmightuseforcetomaintainopenaccesstothe
keyoilfieldsofSaudiArabia,KuwaitandAbuDhabi.Twoyearslater,in1975,theSundayTimesofLondon
publishedanaccountofaclassifiedAmericanplan,DhahranOptionFour,whichprovidedforanAmerican
invasiontoseizetheoilwellsofSaudiArabia.Inaninterviewwiththemediain1975,HenryKissinger
publiclyacknowledgedthattheUnitedStatesmightuseforcetofreeupoilsuppliesintheMiddleEastto
savetheWestfromstrangulation.See:RickShenkman.SaudiArabiasDoomsdayPlan.
HistoryNewsNetwork.
[10]ElizabethGamlinandPaulRogers.U.S.ReflaggingofKuwaitiTankers.TheIranIraqWar.The
PoliticsofAggression.EditedbyFarhangRajaee.Gainsville:UniversityPressofFlorida,1988,124125.
[11]BattleragesforcontrolofMosulDam.AlJazeera.18Aug,2014.
[12]GolanHeightsprofileOverview.BritishBroadcastingCorporation.15Feb,2015.
[13]See:Committeeof24(SpecialCommitteeonDecolonization).TheUnitedNationsand
Decolonization.
[14]See:CharteroftheUnitedNationsandStatuteoftheCourtofInternationalJustice.ChaptersVIVII.
[15]See:InternationalDecadefortheEradicationofColonialism(19902000).TheUnitedNationsand
Decolonization.
[16]GordonChang.BlueGold:TheComingWaterWars.WorldAffairs.2013.
7/12
8/18/2015
[17]See:SoniaLuthraandAmritaKundu.IndiasWaterCrisis:CausesandCures.TheNationalBureau
ofAsianResearch.13Aug,2013.poorwaterqualityresultingfrominsufficientanddelayedinvestment
inurbanwatertreatmentfacilities.WaterinmostriversinIndiaislargelynotfitfordrinking,andinmany
stretchesnotevenfitforbathing.DespitetheGangaActionPlan,whichwaslaunchedin1984tocleanupthe
GangesRiverin25years,muchoftheriverremainspollutedwithahighcoliformcountatmanyplaces.The
facilitiescreatedarealsonotproperlymaintainedbecauseadequatefeesarenotchargedfortheservice.
Moreover,industrialeffluentstandardsarenotenforcedbecausethestatepollutioncontrolboardshave
inadequatetechnicalandhumanresources.
[18]JeffSpross.Californiahasgivenoutrightstofivetimesmorewaterthatithas.20Aug,2014.
[19]FredPearce.OntheRiver.AMovetoAvertaConflictOverWater.YaleEnvironment360.12Mar,
2015.
[20]Humannumbersthroughtime.PublicBroadcastingService.
[21]MichaelSpecter.AThirstyViolentWorld.24Feb,2015.TheNewYorker.
[22]WilliamMcNiell.TheHumanCondition.AnEcologicalandHistoricalView.NewJersey:Princeton
UniversityPress,1980,65.
[23]TheHumanCondition,6566.
[24]ArecentviolentrevolutioncanbeobservedintherevolutionthattookplaceinRomaniaandwas
premisedonCommunistLeaderNicolaeCeausescunotbeingabletobeprotectedbytheSovietUnion,and
thepopulationpoliciesthatwereinplaceandthentheStatebeingunabletomeetthe
employment/sustainabilityprospectsofayoungpopulation.See:WilliamHorsely.RomaniasBloody
Revolution.BBCNews.22Dec,1999.Passiverevolutionshoweveraremuchmorestreamlinedand
althoughtheyrepresentchangearemuchmoresociallydrivenandisoftenattachedtoacivildisobedience
campaign.PerhapsthemostfamousisthatofMohandasKaramchandGandhiseekingtheindependenceof
India.See:MohandasKaramchandGandhi:PassiveandPeacefulRevolution.
[25]CharltonLewis.ChinasGreatDamBoom:AMajorAssaultonItsRivers.Environment360.4Nov,
2013.Italicsmine.
[26]VaughanWinterbottom.WaterwarsChinasriversaresettobeasourceofconflict.8Jan,2015.
[27]See:VaughanWinterbottom.WaterwarsChinasriversaresettobeasourceofconflict.8Jan,2015.
[28]ChinahasLaunchedthelargestWaterProjectinWorldHistory.TheAtlantic.7Mar,2014.
[29]Q&A:SouthChinaSeadispute.BritishBroadcastingCorporation.17Apr,2015.
[30]NafeezAhmed.NewAgeofwaterwarsportendsbleakfuture.MiddleEastEye.19Mar,2015.Robert
PatrickJournalofAmericanWaterWorksAssociation.
[31]SouthKoreaFoodSecurityConcernsPromptLandGrab.StrategicWeeklyAnalysis.18Amy,2011.
8/12
8/18/2015
[32]See:GordonChang.BlueGold:TheComingWaterWars.WorldAffairs.2013.
AboutTheAuthor(StrobeDriver):
StrobeDrivercompletedadoctoralthesisinwarstudiesatFederationUniversityin2011.Sincethattime
hehasbeenlecturingandtutoringintheSocialSciencesatFederationUniversityandcontinuedwithhis
researchintoSecurityStudieswithanemphasisontheAsiaPacificregion,thenationstateandconflictand
terrorism.HeisaregularcontributortoEIRandmoreinformationabouthiswritingscanbefoundon
Academia.eduandonhisownwebsiteGeostrategicOrbit.com.Heiscontinuingtowritearticlesandbuilda
publishingbaseandiscurrentlywritingadocumentaryaswell.Theviewsexpressedarearesultofhis
researchandarehisown.
Tags:China,Egypt,oil,southkorea,water,WaterDilemma,waterwars
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Jointhediscussion
AdityaMookerjee 2monthsago
Ifanationwilfullypreventsanotheraccesstowater,thenitcouldbeacrimeagainsthumanity.
However,warisn'tacrimeagainsthumanity,becauseneithertheaggressor,northeotherpartyto
awarcanpreventawar.Perhapsunderstandingthewaterdilemmabetweennationscanbring
nationstogether,andpreventwars.
Reply Share
StrobeDriver>AdityaMookerjee amonthago
ThankyouforyourinsightAditya,onecanonlyhope.
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MMHaqueIbelievethatinternational
arrotoxietaTheboatisfull.Germanyhas
communityisoneofstakeholderofBangladesh
fortheirassistancetodevelop
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