Fiber optic sensors

Fiber optics itself can be used as a sensor. This can be used to connect non fiber
optic sensor to a measurement system. Fibers are used in sensing devisers because
of their small size and the fact that no electric power is needed at remote locations.
They can be used to measure rain, temperature, pressure and other quantities by
modifying it so that the property that is measuring will change characteristics like
intensity, phase, polarization, wave length of light inside the fiber. For example fiber
can be used to take measurement inside an air craft jet engine (which is hard to
reach) by transmitting heat radiation (IR) into an IR sensor. Since its immune with
high electromagnetic fields measurements can be taken at the places where electric
devices fail.

Fiber optic communication

Fiber optics use as a medium of telecommunication and computer networking.
Because of its flexibility and ability of making bundles. The most prominent
advantage is that light propagate through the fiber with less attenuation compared
to electric signals and metal wires. Because of the capability of transmitting light
with different wave lengths through the same fiber the signal band which is much
higher making the data transfer speed rising up to the order of gigabit per second.
Communications via fibers are also immune to electric interference making
communication much safer under electric storm environments.

LASER in Spectroscopy
Monochromaticity and well define range of wavelengths in a laser can be carefully
moderate to make a pure light source in the sense of length width. These can be
used to induce nonlinear optical effects in a sample to use with Raman
spectroscopy. They can be also use to detect molecules in the level of part per
million. High power density of lasers enable beam induce atomic emission to
perform laser induce break down spectroscopy

Military
Lasers are sung to confuse the seeker head on a heat seeking anti air craft missiles.
High power lasers such as tactical high energy laser (THEL) are using to track and
destroy intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM). Another military use is the laser
targeting designator which is a low power laser that is used to indicate a target.
Specially designed war heads are launched from air crafts that are adjusting its
flight path to the laser point making precise target take downs. Laser sights are also
used in weapons to enhance the targeting of a weapon.