Crestere si dezvoltare

economica

Crestere si dezvoltare economica

Dezvoltarea economic este un proces
multidimensional ce implic schimbri majore n
structura social, atitudini populare i instituii
naionale, ca i accelerarea creterii economice,
reducerea inegalitii i eradicarea srciei.
Capacitatea de a satisface nevoile fundamentale
Respectul fa de sine
Libertatea i posibilitatea de a alege

Crestere si dezvoltare economica

Indicatori de cuantificare
rata de cretere economic. (modificarea, n decursul unei perioade de
timp, a P.N.B./loc (P.I.B./loc i, ulterior, a venitului pe locuitor, ajustat cu
paritatea puterii de cumprare)
Indicele dezvoltrii umane (human development index - HDI) combin trei
indicatorii: longevitatea (privit ca o consecin a nutriiei i sntii),
educaia i standardul de via.
indicele srciei uname, calcult n dou variante, i anume pentru rile
dezvoltate i rile n dezvoltare (HPI-1 Human Poverty Index for developing
countries i HPI-2, Human Poverty Index for industrialized countries).
HPI-1. Cuprinde: probabilitatea, la natere, de a nu atige 40 de ani, rata de
analfabetism, ponderea populaiei care nu are acces la ap potabil, ponderea
populaiei care nu are acces la servicii de sntate, ponderea copiilor sub 5 ani
care se afl sub greutatea normal.
HPI-2. HPI-2 cuprinde: probabilitatea, la natere, de a nu atinge vrsta de 60 de
ani, rata de analfabetism funcional, populaia care triete dincolo de limita
srciei (stabilit ca 50% din distribuirea median a venitului unei gospodrii),
rata de omaj pe termen lung (minim 12 luni).

Crestere si dezvoltare economica

Indicatori ce tin de structura PIB

Structura formarii PIB

Rata ocuparii
Rata de alfabetizare
Gradul de urbanizare

Indicele calitatii fizice a vietii

Mortalitatea infantila
Speranta de viata
Rata de alfabetizare

Nivelul de saracie
Absolut
Relativ

Satisfacerea nevoilor de baza

Hrana adecvata
Educatie primara
Asistenta sanitara
Apa potabila
Locuinta

Crestere si dezvoltare economica

Distributia veniturilor
Curba lui Lorentz
Curba lui Kutznetz
Coeficientul Gini

Crestere si dezvoltare economica

Caracteristicile procesului dezvoltrii
Beneficiile
Pre.
Speran.

Crestere si dezvoltare economica

Implications

Economic development implies changes in income, savings

and investment along with progressive changes in socioeconomic structure of country (institutional and
technological changes).

Economic growth refers to an increase in the

real output of goods and services in the
country.

Factors

Development relates to growth of human capital indexes, a

decrease in inequality figures, and structural changes that
improve the general population's quality of life.

Growth relates to a gradual increase in one

of the components of Gross Domestic
Product: consumption, government spending,
investment, net exports.

Measurement

Qualitative.HDI (Human Development Index), genderrelated index (GDI), Human poverty index (HPI), infant
mortality, literacy rate etc.

Quantitative. Increases in real

GDP.EffectBrings qualitative and quantitative
changes in the economyBrings quantitative
changes in the economy

Relevance

Economic development is more relevant to measure

progress and quality of life in developing nations.

Economic growth is a more relevant metric

for progress in developed countries. But it's
widely used in all countries because growth
is a necessary condition for development.

Scope

Concerned with structural changes in the economy

Growth is concerned with increase in the

economy's output