Oral, Coelom and

Digestive

Shark
- No distinction between
esophagus and stomach
- Papillae within esophagus,
rugae within stomach
- Valvular intestine with spiral
valve to increase surface area
- with teeth
- primary tongue
- has a median liver lobe

Turtle
- no teeth but has horny beaks
(epidermal)
- definitive tongue
-arytenoid cartilages on each side
of the glottis
-divided into 2: pleuroperitoneal
and pericardial cavity

Pigeon
- no teeth have horny
beak (epidermal
origin)
- compound definitive
tongue with posterior
fimbriated borders
- have palatal folds =
hard palate (split
palate)
- presence of crop
(temporary food
storage)
- gizzard = stomach
- 2 bile ducts
- absence of
gallbladder
- absence of ischial
and
- pubic symphyses
- absence of urinary
bladder
- divided into 4: 2
pleural cavities,
pericardial cavity,
peritoneal cavity

Respiratory

Circulatory

gill slits > gill pouches >

external gill slits
lamellae: respiratory
mechanism
heart is a one-way tube with 4
chambers
with sinus venosus and conus
arteriosus
Blood SAVCO
Contains only venous blood
afferent and efferent blood
vessels (sends blood to and
from the heart, respectively)
presence of ventral and dorsal
aorta
presence of lateral abdominal
veins

-gills/ gill slits are absent

3 chambers: ventricle and

2 atria
with sinus venosus
attached to right atrium
conus arteriosus and
ventral aorta disappeared
heart descended
posteriorly
paired ventral abdominal
veins

gill slits are absent

presence of syrinx
(voice)

no sinus venosus
(ultimately reduced)
conus arteriosus split
into 2

Urogenital

kidneys are
mesonephroi/opisthonephroi
- Wolffian ducts both for males
and females
- Presence of chromaffine
masses (suprarenal bodies)
In females:
- slight enlargement in oviduct
(shell gland- secretes thin
membrane)
- does not have a collecting
kidney tubule but goes directly
to mesonephric duct
In males:
- behind the epididymis,
secretes fluid beneficial for
sperm (Leydigs gland)
- seminal vesicle does not have
a kidney tubule from the
opisthonephros but has an
accessory urinary duct

kidneys are metanephroi

with their own ducts, the
ureters

In females, there is
only one ovary and
oviduct on the left
side
Kidneys are
metanephroi; 3 lobed
organ