EOG Preparation (ALL) Part

1. Marble is formed when intense heat and

pressure is applied to limestone. What type
of rock is marble?
A. Granite
B. Igneous rock
C. Metamorphic rock
D. Sedimentary rock
-----------------------------------------------------------------------2. Rocks containing fossils are MOST LIKELY
_____rocks.
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. crystallized
-----------------------------------------------------------------------3. According to the table, the rock MOST
LIKELY found floating in the water after
volcano eruption would be__
A.
B.
C.
D.

Granite
Marble.
Phyllite.
Pumice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------4. Juan makes the following notes about

some material he collected: (Has luster,
cubic crystals, clear color)
What material did he most likely collect?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Rock
Fossil
Mineral
Animal bones

-----------------------------------------------------------------------5. Fossils of marine animals are MOST often

found in
A. Igneous rocks.
B. Metamorphic rocks.
C. Sedimentary rocks.
D. Molten lava rocks.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Granite is a coarse or medium-grained

rock that is rich in quartz and feldspar. It is
formed when bodies of magma cool and
harden deep below the earth. What type of
rock is granite?
A. Metamorphic
B. Sedimentary
C. Extrusive igneous
D. Intrusive igneous
7. More than a billion years ago, the
continent of Africa hit North America,
generating enormous pressure and heat
while pushing up the Blue Ridge Mountains
to a height of 30,000 feet. Most of these
mountains have since been worn away by
wind, rain, and the growth of living
organisms. The order of the rock cycle in this
case is BEST described as
A.
B.
C.
D.

Igneous, sedimentary.
Metamorphic, Igneous.
Igneous, Metamorphic.
Metamorphic, Sedimentary

-----------------------------------------------------------------------8. Igneous rock forms when magma or lava

cools. If igneous rock forms above ground
after a volcanic eruption, it _____ forming
_______ igneous rock, such as obsidian which
is a naturally occurring volcanic glass.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Cools quickly, extrusive

Cools quickly, intrusive
Cools slowly, extrusive
Cools slowly, intrusive

-----------------------------------------------------------------------9. Jill's teacher made a peanut butter and

jelly sandwich and explained that one type of
rock is formed when layers of sediment are
squeezed and cemented together. What type
of rock was Jill's teacher trying to help them
remember by making a peanut butter and
jelly sandwich?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Mineral rocks
Igneous rocks.
Sedimentary rocks.
Metamorphic rocks.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. Under what conditions can igneous

rock be transformed into metamorphic
rock?
A. If it is forced deep into Earth, where it
melts into magma
B. If it is heated and put under pressure
for long periods of time
C. If layers of sand accumulate over it
and harden over a period of time
D. If it is exposed at the surface and is
weathered over a period of time
11. Foliation can develop in a rock as a
response to intense heat and pressure.
This rock is most likely a
A. Mineral rock
B. Igneous rock
C. Metamorphic rock
D. Sedimentary rock
-----------------------------------------------------------------------12. What kind of rocks would you MOST
LIKELY find in the area shown in the
picture?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Elastic Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks

-----------------------------------------------------------------------13. The most productive soils contain

A. Pesticides.
B. Fresh water
C. A large supply of producers.
D. Decomposers to recycle organic
matter.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------14. It took thousands of years to form
this canyon. What MOST LIKELY caused
the formation of the canyon?
A. Volcanic eruptions

B. Earthquakes
C. Rushing river
D. Tectonic shift
-----------------------------------------------------------------------15. Land features, such as Palo Dura
Canyon in Texas, are shaped by the
gradual wearing away due to
A.
B.
C.
D.

Gravity.
Faulting.
Water erosion.
Mountain building.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------16. Which is MOST LIKELY to cause

beach erosion?
A. Swimmers
B. Sailboats
C. Building dune fencing
D. Fast-moving watercraft
17. Frost wedging is caused by water
seeping into the cracks of rocks. How
does frost wedging take place?
A. This is a physical weathering process
when water freezes, it expands,
pushing the rock apart over time.
B. This is a chemical weathering process
carbonic acid formed by the reaction
of water and carbon dioxide breaks the
bonds that hold the rock together.
C. This is a physical weathering process
when water freezes, the temperature
of the rock is decreased, causing the
outer layers of the rock to crumble off.
D. This is a chemical weathering process
water reacts with the chemicals in the
rock by a process called hydrolysis and
breaks the bonds in the rock

-----------------------------------------------------------------------18. Sam blew through a straw and

directed his breath at a pan of sand.
Sam is showing the rest of his class how
the wind _________ the land.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Erodes
Weathers
Forms soil
Deposits rocks

-----------------------------------------------------------------------19. Oceans erode the land along the

shore, forming tall cliffs and jagged
coastlines. Which statement explains the
type of weathering involved in this
process?
A. Seawater is acidic and chemically
weathers the rocks
B. Seawater reacts with the minerals in
rocks, forming new minerals.
C. The abrasive nature of seawater
causes the rocks to erode over a period
of time.
D. Seawater deposits layers of salts on
the rocks, forming tall cliffs over a period
of time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------20. The soil barriers shown in the picture
conserve soil by keeping soil
A.
B.
C.
D.

From moving.
Safe from pests.
From drying out.
Rich with nutrients.

21. Picture A shows how the land looked

to start with. Many years later, the land
looked like Picture B. What MOST LIKELY
caused the change in the land?

A.
B.
C.
D.

A coastal glacier
Water cutting the rocks
Wind blowing in circles
Earthquakes along the shore

-----------------------------------------------------------------------22. Virginias Blue Ridge Mountains were

once as tall as the Himalayas of today.
This would still be the case if not for the
process of _____
A.
B.
C.
D.

Erosion.
Folding.
Volcanism.
Metamorphism.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------23. What is the main method of heat

transfer from the core to the crust of
Earth?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Conduction
Convection
Insulation
Radiation

-----------------------------------------------------------------------24. The density is highest in Earth's

A. Crust.
B. Upper mantle.
C. Lower mantle.
D. Core.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------25. How is the crust DIFFERENT from the
other layers of the Earth?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is hotter.
It is thinner.
It is mostly liquid.
It is under highest pressure.

26. If you were to travel from the surface

to the center of Earth, the temperature
would ____
A. Stay about the same
B. Decrease dramatically
C. Increase minimally (a little)
D. Increase dramatically (a lot)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------27. What is the densest part of Earth?
A. Crust
B. Lithosphere
C. Mantle
D. Core
-----------------------------------------------------------------------28. How does the temperature of the
Earths mantle compare to the other
layers of the Earth?
A.
B.
C.
as
D.
as

The mantle is hotter than the core.

The mantle is hotter than the crust.
The mantle is the same temperature
the core.
The mantle is the same temperature
the crust.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------29. Which BEST describes the Earths

core?
A. Semi-molten
B. Water and organic substances
C. A solid lower part and a liquid upper
part
D. Contains volcanic, sedimentary and
granitic rocks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------30. According to the information in the
diagram, which layer of the Earth is
liquid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core

-----------------------------------------------------------------------31. Which statement is true about the

earths layers?
A. Density decreases as the pressure
increases.
B. Density increases as the temperature
decreases.
C. Density increases in layers that are
closer to the core of the Earth.
D. Density increases in layers that are
closer to the surface of the Earth.
32. Which of the following explain why
there are similar marsupial mammal
species in Australia and South America,
two continents that are far apart?
A. Ozone production
B. Continental drift
C. The mass extinction 65 million years
ago
D. The Big Bang Theory.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------33. Which of the following is not an
evidence supporting the theory of plate
tectonics?
A. Similar fossils found on different
continents
B. Ancient cave drawing found in France
C. The jigsaw puzzle-like fit of the
continents
D. Glaciation found in Africa and South
America
-----------------------------------------------------------------------34. If scientists were able to stop the
tectonic plates from moving, people on
Earth would no longer have
A. The tides.
B. Earthquakes.
C. Ocean waves.

D. Changes in seasons.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------35. What do we call the central ridge
that divides the ocean floor into two
parts?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is a seamount.
It is a mountain ridge.
It is the Great Divide.
It is the mid-ocean ridge.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------36. Ocean trenches are formed when

A. Two oceanic plates slide past each
other.
B. An oceanic plate goes under another
oceanic plate.
C. Two oceanic plates grind past each
other
D. Two oceanic plates collide and rise up
-----------------------------------------------------------------------37. Which events are associated with
transform plate boundaries?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Folded mountains
Faults and earthquakes
Trenches and island arcs
Volcanoes and sea floor spreading

38. In the diagram of the ocean basin,

where is the oldest oceanic crust found?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Location A
Location B
Location C
Location D

-----------------------------------------------------------------------39. A tsunami can lead to massive

devastation on Earth.
A tsunami is caused by which of the
following?
A. Tornado over the ocean

B. Drilling for oil off the coast

C. An earthquake on the ocean floor
D. A strong hurricane developing over
the ocean
-----------------------------------------------------------------------40. The continental crust is _________
than the oceanic crust and seems to
"float" on the mantle.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Thinner
Younger
Less dense
More dense

-----------------------------------------------------------------------41. Where are earthquakes MOST LIKELY

to occur?
A. Close to the equator
B. Along coastal regions
C. Close to the center of tectonic plates
D. Along the boundaries of tectonic
plates
-----------------------------------------------------------------------42. About 3% of the water on Earth is
freshwater. Why is so much freshwater
not available for human use?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is frozen.
It is polluted.
It is salt water.
It is in aquifers.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------43. Water on Earth is either freshwater

or saltwater. What is the percent ratio of
freshwater to percent saltwater on Earth?
A.
B.
C.
D.

1% freshwater : 99% saltwater

3% freshwater : 97% saltwater
30% freshwater :70% saltwater
50% freshwater : 50% saltwater

EOG Preparation (ALL) Part

1. Where is most of the Earths

freshwater located?
A.
B.
C.
D.

In lakes
In rivers
In oceans
In glaciers

-----------------------------------------------------------------------2. Most of the earth's surface is covered

with
A.
B.
C.
D.

Land.
Polar ice.
Salt water
Fresh water.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------3. Earth's water is mostly

A.
B.
C.
D.

Saline
Freshwater
Fresh ground water.
Fresh surface water.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------4. Clouds dump around 100 billion

gallons of water on rainforests each year.
How much rain is evaporated from the
rivers, lakes and surface of rainforests
each year?
A. Around 100 billion gallons
B. Unable to tell from the information
given
C. Much less than 100 billion gallons
D. Much more than 100 billion gallons
-----------------------------------------------------------------------5. When the Sun heats up the surface of
a puddle of water, the water will _____
A.
B.
C.
D.

Condense
Evaporates
Infiltrate
Precipitate

-----------------------------------------------------------------------6. Three percent of the water on Earth is

freshwater. Less than 0.5% of all the
freshwater on Earth is found
A.
B.
C.
D.

Underground.
In aquifers.
In rivers and lakes.
Frozen, in ice caps and glaciers.

7. Describe the role of temperature

change in cloud formation.
A. As water on Earth cools down, it
condenses in the air and forms clouds.
B. As water on Earth cools down, it
evaporates into the atmosphere and
forms clouds.
C. Water on Earth heats up and
evaporates into the atmosphere, then
cools and condenses to form clouds.
D. Water on Earth heats up and
evaporates into the atmosphere. Water
vapor continues to heat up to form
clouds.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------8. The height of a wave is MOST affected
by the
A. Speed of the wind
B. Speed of the ocean
C. Salinity of the ocean
D. Amount of solar energy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------9. Which method would save the MOST
water?
A. Turn off the water while brushing your
teeth.
B. Remove plants and other vegetation
from your yard
C. Wash cars with a hose rather than a
bucket of water
D. Run only full loads in the washing
machine

-----------------------------------------------------------------------10. Without heat from the Sun, the water

cycle would

A. 1: Liquid to gas
gas
2: Liquid to gas
liquid

C. 1: Liquid to

A.
B.
C.
D.

B. 1: Liquid to gas
solid
2: Liquid to solid
Liquid to gas

D. 1: Liquid to

Reverse.
Not work.
Slow down
Not be affected

2: Gas to

2:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------11. Jerry listed the following processes in

his notebook.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------14. According to the model, what season

is occurring in the Southern Hemisphere?

1.
2.
3.
of
4.

A fall
B spring
C summer
D winter

formation of dew on leaves

ice cubes turning to water
water drops on the outside of a glass
cold juice
water falling to Earth as rain

Which process is NOT is an example of

water changing from a gas to a liquid?
A. Process 1
B. Process 2
C. Process 3
D. Process 4
12. What happens in the atmosphere to
the water in order for the clouds to form?
A. Water drops mix with air pollution to
form clouds.
B. Evaporated water warms and moves
closer together.
C. Evaporated water cools and drops get
closer together.
D. The sun heats the evaporated water
and the water drops move faster.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------13. A teacher listed the following two

processes.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------15. Some parts of the earth are warmer

and other parts are colder. This is
because the Sun heats the Earth
UNEVENLY. What is the reason for this
uneven heating of the earth?
A. Earth is closer to the sun during the
summer
B. The sunlight strikes some parts of the
earth more directly than other parts.
C. The moons light strikes the Earth
differently during its different phases
D. Some parts of the Earth have more
gravity which cause uneven heating

1: water changing to ice in a refrigerator

2: steam coming out of a kettle filled with
hot of water

16. Northern Hemisphere receives more

sunlight during the summer than in the
winter. Which statement correctly
explains this?

Which table correctly identifies the

change of state taking place in each
example?

A. The Sun is closer to the Northern

Hemisphere

B. The Sun gives off more heat during

summer
C. The Northern Hemisphere tilted
toward the sun
D. The Earth turns faster during the
summer
-----------------------------------------------------------------------17. When the Sun, the Moon, and Earth
are in the positions as shown, what is
occurring?

20. What is the name given for those

two days that are the shortest and the
longest of the year?
A.
B.
C.
D.

21. A thunderstorm begins forming over

the ocean. As it becomes larger, its winds
spin with speeds up to 80 miles per hour.
Which type of storm is this?
A.
B.
C.
D.

A. Eclipse of the Sun (Solar Eclipse)

B. Eclipse of the Moon (Lunar Eclipse)
C. The moon will be pulled closer to
Earth
D. The spin of Earth could be increased
-----------------------------------------------------------------------18. Winter sunlight strikes the earth
______________.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Equinoxes
Solstices
Vernal
Autumnal

Tornado
Blizzard
Hurricane
Tsunami

-----------------------------------------------------------------------22. The picture shows us how the sun's

rays strike Earth. Because of the Earth's
tilt on its axis, some parts of Earth are
having summer, and others, winter. What
letter or letters on the Earth are
experiencing winter?

Directly
At a 90-degree angle
Indirectly
At an acute angle

-----------------------------------------------------------------------19. Where and when would you find

almost 24 hours of daylight?
A. In South America during spring
B. In the Arctic Circle during summer
C. In Jamaica during the winter
D. In the Antarctic Circle during winter
------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. A
B. B

C. A and B
D. A and D

-----------------------------------------------------------------------23. If Earth were not tilted on its axis,

what change would we experience?
A. One day would be less than 24 hours.
B. Both sides of the moon would be
visible.
C. Temperatures would be constant year
round.

D. The length of the year would be more

than 365 days

D. The revolution of the Moon around

Earth

-----------------------------------------------------------------------24. One cause of severe storms is

-----------------------------------------------------------------------28. Which of these will be the Moon

phase during a solar eclipse?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Precipitation.
Dry conditions.
Uniform heating of the atmosphere.
Uneven pressures in the atmosphere.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Full Moon
New Moon
First quarter Moon
Third quarter Moon

-----------------------------------------------------------------------25. You and your family are watching TV

and the program is interrupted by a
tornado warning. What action would give
you and your family the MOST protection
from the storm?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------29. A diagram of the Earth, Moon, and

Sun is shown below. Which phase of the
Moon would be seen by people on Earth?

A. Stand under a tree in an open field.

B. Move to the lowest floor of the
building.
C. Get into a car and move away from
tornado.
D. Come out into an open field with no
buildings around it.
26. In winter, many parts of Europe have
heavy snow falls. However, the sea ports
remain ice-free and ships come and go.
What could be a reason why the sea
ports remain ice-free?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------30. The Earth, Moon, and the Sun are

aligned as shown. Which moon phase
would you see from the Earth?

A.
B.
C.
D.

New moon
First Quarter moon
Full moon
Last Quarter moon

A. A warm ocean current flows along the

coast
B. A cold ocean current flows along the
coast
C. All coastal regions have very
moderate winters
D. Coastal sea ports are not affected by
ocean currents
-----------------------------------------------------------------------27. What is responsible for the apparent
motion of the Moon in the sky from East
to West?
A. The rotation of Earth about its axis
B. The revolution of Earth around the
Sun
C. The rotation of the Moon about its
axis

31. When the Sun, the Moon, and Earth

are in the positions as shown, what is
occurring?

A. Eclipse of the Sun (Solar Eclipse)

B. Eclipse of the Moon (Lunar Eclipse)
C. The moon will be pulled closer to
Earth
D. The spin of Earth could be increased
-----------------------------------------------------------------------32 By observing the characteristics of
our Sun, people can learn more about
A.
B.
C.
D.

Stars
Comets
Distant plants
The Moon

-----------------------------------------------------------------------33. Neptune is the farthest planet from

the Sun, it travels in a fixed orbit around
the Sun and never changes its path.
What is the reason for this?
A. Suns magnetic pull holds Neptune in
its orbit.
B. Suns gravitational pull holds Neptune
in its orbit.
C. Suns nuclear force holds Neptune in
its orbit.
D. The repulsive forces between the Sun
and Neptune
-----------------------------------------------------------------------34. Why does the Sun appear larger and
brighter as seen from Earth than the
other stars?
A.
B.
C.
D.

It is hotter.
It is larger.
It is closer.
It is yellow.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------35. When the moon is positioned

between the sun and the earth we are
seeing a __________ moon.
A.
B.
C.
D.

New
Full
Half
Crescent

36. The Sun and the planets are part of

the solar system. ________________ are
found outside of our solar system
A. Stars in a nearby galaxy
B. Asteroids in orbit around the sun
C. Comets that appear to people on
Earth
D. A meteorite that strikes the planet
Mars
-----------------------------------------------------------------------37. It takes Jupiter 9.9 Earth hours to
complete one day? What is the reason
for this?
A. Jupiter is the largest planet.
B. Jupiter has a larger orbit than Earth.
C. Jupiter turns on its axis faster than
Earth.
D. Jupiter moves through space faster
than Earth
-----------------------------------------------------------------------38. Information gained by astronomers
in developing new theories about the
universe comes from
A. Backyard observers like yourself.
B. Astronomical records from
archaeological digs.
C. Powerful x-ray and radio telescopes
D. future-thinking science fiction movies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------39. Which location of the moon would
produce a 3rd quarter moon?
A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B
C
D

all the planets revolve around the Sun

and the moon revolves around Earth.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------40. Nicholas Copernicus proposed the
_______ model. His model proposed that

A.
B.
C.
D.

Big Bang
Geocentric
Heliocentric
Megacentric