Anatomy of the Heart

Part I: Go to www.edpuzzle.com and complete the assignment: Heart Structures. Watch the video and
answer all questions embedded with accuracy.
Part II: Read Chapter 14: pgs 367-374 of your textbook and answer the following questions. Any answers that
you type must be written in complete sentences and in color other than black.
1. Compare and contrast the location and function of the atria and the ventricles.
Atria are two chambers located at the top of the heart and ventricles are two chambers that are located
at the bottom of the heart
2. What is the innermost layer of the heart called? Why is it important that this layer is smooth?
The innermost layer of the heart is called endocardium and it's important that this layer smooth
because If inflamed the endocardial lining can become rough and abrasive to RBS passing over its
surface. Blood flowing over rough surface is subject to clotting and a thrombus, or clot may form.
3. What is the myocardium composed of?
The myocardium composed of cardiac muscle tissue
4. Why is the pericardium important?
The reason why the pericardium important because it's consist of two layers of fibrous tissues with a
small space between them which are moist which is good because if it was dry a person could die
5. Compare and contrast systole and diastole.
Systole is when the heart contracts and when it's relaxed is called diastole
6. Compare and contrast the function and location of the two main types of valves in the heart:
atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar valves. Provide two examples of each type.
They both separate the atrial chambers and there are two Atrioventricular valves called bicuspid valve
or mitral valve that are located between the right atrium. The tricuspid valve located between the right
atrium. The Av valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract.
The SL valves/semilunar valves are located between the two ventricular chambers and the large
arteries that carry blood away from the heart when contraction occurs
The pulmonary semilunar valve is located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery and allows bloo
going to the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle but prevents it from flowing back into the ventricle
7. Why are the heart valves important?
The heart valves are important because they make sure that blood doesn't go backwards or whatever
8. Why are incompetent valves harmful?
Incompetent valves are harmful because it can hurt your health but you can get valves replaced with
fake or animal ones
9. What is the cause of rheumatic heart disease and how does it affect a person?
Is cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to streptococcal infection that occur
most often in children and it affects someone by inflammation valves
10. What can be done to help people with damaged cardiac valves?
People who have damaged cardiac valves can get them replaced with new artificial valves or animal
ones
11. What is a heart murmur?
A heart murmur is abnormal heart sounds that often caused by disorders of the valves for example
incompetent valves may cause a swishing sound as a club or dup ends.
12. What occurs during atrial systole?
The heart acts as two separate pumps the right atrium and the right ventricle perform a task quite
different from the left atrium and the left ventricle when the heart beats first the atria contract
simultaneously
13. What occurs during ventricular systole?
After ventricles fill with blood they contract together during ventricular systole. Although the atria
contract as a unit followed by the ventricles below the right and left sides of the heart act as separate
pumps

14. Create a flow diagram that describes the pathway of how blood follows through the heart. Be
sure to use correct names for the vessels, valves, and chambers.
15. Compare and contrast pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
Systemic circulation is the movement of blood from the heart through the body to provide
oxygen and nutrients and bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs leaves the pulmonary circulation when it enters the left
atrium through the pulmonary veins