Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
REVIEW
Jisryl H. Raz, CPA
PHILIPPINE TAXATION
SYSTEM
Protection
GOVERNM
ENT
- Assessment
- Collection
- Enforcement of Taxes:
1.Summary Proceedings
2. Judicial Proceedings
CONFLICT
-----------REMEDIE
S
PEOPLE
Taxes
Refund/Credit
GOVERNMENT
POLICE
POWER
TAXATION
POWER
EMINENT
DOMAIN
POWER
Comparisons
POLICE
TAXATION
EMINENT DOMAIN
Power to ENFORCE
contribution to raise
government funds
Broader in application
Plenary, comprehensive,
and supreme BUT NOT
ABSOLUTE
Property is taken or
destroyed to promote
general welfare
Can be expressly
delegated
Cannot be delegated, if
delegated, it should be to
the legislative department
of the LGU (e.g. to make
ordinances)
Can be expressly
delegated
Comparisons
POLICE
Limited to the cost of
regulation, license
and other necessary
expense
TAXATION
Generally, NO limit on
amount
EMINENT DOMAIN
No imposition as to
amount, instead, it is the
Government which is to
compensate the property
taken.
Superior to and may
override Constitutional
impairment provision
General Principles
1. Principles or Canons of a Sound Taxation System (FEA)
a. Fiscal Adequacy sufficiency to meet government
expenditures and other public needs (Government Budget
Balance). This is in consonance of the Lifeblood Theory.
i. Budget Deficit =
Government Revenues < Government Expenditures
ii. Budget Surplus =
Government Revenues > Government Expenditures
General Principles
b. Equality or Theoretical Justice based on the
taxpayers ability to pay; must be progressive
c. Administrative Feasibility capability of being
effectively enforced. Tax laws should not obstruct
business growth and economic development.
General Principles
2. Purpose
a. Primarily, to raise revenue
b. Regulatory - To regulate (inflation, economic
and social stability, social control, etc.)
c. Compensatory - To compensate the benefits
provided by the government to the people
General Principles
3. Characteristics of Taxation (ILS)
a.Inherent power of the state.
b.Exclusively lodged with the legislative
body
c.Subject to inherent and constitutional
limitations
General Principles
4. Nature
a.Plenary full and complete in all respect
b.Comprehensive it covers persons, businesses,
activities, professions, rights and privileges.
c.Supreme it is supreme ONLY insofar as the
selection of the subject of taxation is concerned
d.Not Absolute it is subject to limitations
General Principles
5. Limitations in Taxation Power
a. Inherent Limitations (PENTI)
a.1. Public purpose
a.2. Exemption of the Government
a.3. Non-delegability of the power to tax
a.4. Territoriality
a.5. International Comity
General Principles
b. Constitutional Limitations
b.1. Due process clause
b.2. Equal protection clause
b.3. Freedom of speech and of the press
b.4. Non-impairment of contracts
b.5. Rule requiring that appropriations,
revenue and tariff bills shall originate
exclusively from the House of
Represenatatives (Congress)
General Principles
b.6. Uniformity, equality, and progressivity of taxation
b.7. Tax exemption of the properties actually,
directly and exclusively used for religious,
charitable and educational purposes.
b.8. Voting requirement (2/3) in connection with the
legislative grant of tax exemption
b.9. Non-impairment of the jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court in tax cases
General Principles
b.10. Exemption from taxes of the revenues and
assets of educational institutions, including
grants, endowments, donations and
contributions
b.11. Power of the Presidentto veto any particular
item (item veto) or items in an appropriation,
revenue or tariff bill (pocket veto).
General Principles
b.12. Necessity of an appropriation before
money may be paid out of the public
treasury
b.13. Non-appropriation of public money or
property for the use, benefit or support of
any sect, church or system of religion
General Principles
Double Taxation
It is taxing the same property twice when it
should be taxed once.
Kinds of Double Taxation:
1. Direct Duplicate Taxation double taxation
in the objectionable or prohibited sense; not
allowed in the Philippines. This constitutes a
violation of substantive due process.
General Principles
Elements of Direct Duplicate Taxation:
1.Same property or subject matter is
taxed twice
2.Same purpose
3.Same taxing authority
4.Same taxing period
5.Same kind or character of tax
General Principles
2.
Indirect
Duplicate
Taxation
General Principles
How to avoid Double taxation?
1.Tax Credits
2.Tax Refund
3.Specific provisions of the NIRC which
allows tax minimization like vanishing
deductions, input taxes, etc.
General Principles
Theories of Taxation
1.Necessity
Theory
(Theory
of
Taxation) the power to tax is an
attribute of sovereignty emanating from
necessity (national defense, health,
education, public facilities, etc.).
General Principles
2.Lifeblood Theory (Importance of
Taxation) without taxes, the
government would be paralyzed for
lack of the motive power to activate
and operate it.
General Principles
3. Benefits Protection Theory/
Reciprocal Duties (Basis of Taxation)
there is a symbiotic relationship
between the State and the citizens
whereby in exchange of the protection
and benefits that the citizens received
from the State, taxes are paid.
General Principles
Aspects of Taxation (shared by both
executive and legislative body)
1.Levy the imposition or making of tax laws
2.Assessment similar to audit
3.Collection enforcement of tax
General Principles
Note:
1.Levy is often called as tax legislation or
tax policy.
2.Assessment and collection are collectively
termed as tax administration.
3.Levy and assessment comprise the impact
of taxation, while tax collection comprises the
incidence of taxation.
General Principles
4. An impact of taxation is a point on
which tax is originally
imposed.
5. An incident of taxation is a point on
which the tax burden finally
rests or
settles down.
General Principles
Doctrines of Taxation
1. May the court interfere with tax legislation?
Answer: As long as the legislature, in imposing a tax,
does not violate applicable constitutional limitations or
restrictions, it is not within the province of the courts to
inquire into the wisdom or policy of the exaction, the
motives behind it, the amount to be raised or the persons,
property or other privileges to be taxed. The courts power
is limited only to the application and interpretation of the
law.
General Principles
2. Is the doctrine of equitable recoupment followed in
the Philippines?
Answer: No. A tax presently being assessed against a
taxpayer may not be recouped or set-off against an
overpaid tax, the refund of which is already barred by
prescription.
General Principles
3. May a tax be subject of compensation or
set-off?
Answer: Generally, no. Taxes cannot be the
subject of compensation or set-off. Taxes are
not contractual obligations but one arising out
of duty to the government
General Principles
4. What is a taxpayer suit?
Answer: It is a case fied by a bona fide
taxpayer impugning the validity, legality
or constitutionality of a tax law or its
implementation.
General Principles
5. What is the nature of our tax laws
Answer: Internal revenue laws are not
political in nature. In times of war, they are
deemed to be the laws of the occupied
territory and not of the occupying enemy. Tax
laws are civil and not penal in nature, although
there are penalties provided for their violation.
General Principles
6. A tax statute is construed against the government,
liberally in favor of the taxpayer; while tax
exemptions are construed against the taxpayer and
liberally in favor of the government.
7. Tax laws are special laws which prevail over a general
law.
8. Tax laws operate prospectively unless the purpose of
the legislature is to give a retrospective effect.
Concept of Tax
1. It
is
an
enforced
proportional
contribution from the persons and
property levied by the law-making body of
the State.
2. Taxation vs. Tax
a. Taxation is the process or means of imposing
and enforcing contributions.
b. Tax is the enforced contribution, itself, which
generally payable in money.
Concept of Tax
Characteristics of Taxes
1.Forced charge
2.Generally payable in money
3.Exclusively levied by the legislative body
4.Assessed
in
accordance
with
some
reasonable rule of apportionment (ability-to-pay
principle)
5.Imposed by the State within its jurisdiction
6.Levied for public purpose
Concept of Tax
Classification of Taxes
1. As to subject matter:
a.Personal tax imposed upon persons of certain class
with fixed amount (e.g. Community tax or poll tax)
b.Property tax assessed on property of certain class
(e.g. Real Property tax)
c.Excise tax imposed on the exercise of privilege (e.g.
income tax, donors tax, estate tax, etc.)
d.Custom duties charged upon the commodities being
imprted into or exported from a country (e.g. tariffs)
Concept of Tax
2. As to burden:
a. Direct tax both incidence or liability for the
payment of tax as well as the impact or burden of the
tax falls on the same person (e.g. income
tax)
b. Indirect tax the incidence or liability for the
payment of tax falls on one person but the
impact
or burden of the tax falls on another
person (e.g.
VAT)
Concept of Tax
3. As to purpose
a. General tax levied for the general or
ordinary purposes of the government
b. Special tax levied for special purpose
Concept of Tax
4. As to measure of application
a. Specific tax imposes a specific sum by the head
or number or by some standard of
weight or
measurement (e.g. excise tax
on cigarettes)
b. Ad Valorem tax tax upon the value of the article
or thing subject to taxation (e.g.
VAT of 12%
regardless of the value of sales)
Concept of Tax
5. As to taxing authority
a. National tax levied by the National
Government (e.g. income tax, business taxes,
transfer taxes)
b. Local tax imposed by the Local
Government (e.g. Poll tax, real property taxes)
Concept of Tax
6. As to rate
a. Progressive tax rate or amount of tax increases as the
amount of income increases (e.g.
normal/tabular/schedular tax of 5% - 32%, tabular
tax
for donors tax and estate tax)
b. Regressive tax rate dcreases as the amount of
income to be taxed increases (not applicable in the
Philippines)
c. Proportionate tax based on fixed proportion or rate of
the value of the property assessed (e.g. VAT of
12%)
1. Tax laws
a. A tax law is a set of rules that provide means for the State
to raise revenues.
b. All revenue bills must originate from the House of
Representatives (Congress). After passing 3 readings
by a majority vote in technical committee, it shall be
elevated to the Senate which needs to pass the same 3
readings. The Presidents signature is necessary so that the
bill becomes a law.
c. In case of doubt, tax statutes are construed against the
Government in favor of the taxpayer.
d. In case of doubt, tax exemptions are construed against the
taxpayer in favor of the Government
INCOME
TAXATION
Transfer
Taxes
Income
Taxes
Tabular
(Individual)
Corporate
Passive
Gratuitous
Business
Taxes
Onerous
Mortis
Causa
Gifts
CGT
VAT
Percentage
Taxes
Excise
Documentary Stamp Tax
xx
xx
xx
xx
(xx)
(xx)
xx
xx
(xx)
xx
(xx)
(xx)
(xx)
xx
(xx)
(xx)
xx
xx
(xx)
xx
xx
xx
xx
(xx)
(xx)
(xx)
xx
xx
xx
(xx)
(xx)
xx
Gross Income:
Compensation Income
All remunerations paid to the employee arising from
an employer-employee relationship which
include, but not limited to:
a.
b.
c.
Gross Income:
Compensation Income
d. De minimis and other fringe benefits not
subjected to fringe benefit tax (given to rankand-file), subject to P82,000 limit
e. Separation Pay, Retirement pay, and similar
remunerations which do not meet the
requirements
f. Fees, honoraria, emoluments, commissions, etc.
Remember
Every income is generally
taxable, unless, specifically
exempted by the law and the
requirements to be exempted
are met.
Example:
D, married with 4 qualified dependent children had the
following:
Compensation Income, (net of P19,000
SSS, PHIC, and HDMF Contributions) P 305,000
13th Month Pay
27,000
Productivity Bonus
27,000
Premiums on Health Insurance
2,400
Personal, family and living expenses
200,000
The taxable income of D:
1. Prior to 2015
_____________
2. 2015
_____________
55
Example:
A, resident citizen, single had the following during the year:
Gross compensation income
P 4000,000
Deductions from compensation income:
SSS Contributions
3,600
Pag-IBIG Contributions
1,200
PhilHealth Contributions
1,800
Union Dues
2,400
Premium Payments on Health Insurance (P250/month)
3,000
Other Incomes
Prizes and awards received as best athlete in the Palarong Pambansa 10,000
Prizes and awards received for the silver medal in the SEA Games
25,000
Prize won as a Lucky Home Viewer
10,000
Prize won in a Supermarket raffle
20,000
13th Month Pay
14,000
Christmas cash gift
10,000
Midyear Bonus
14,000
Interest on Bank Deposit (net of withholding tax)
16,000
Interest on Foreign Currency Deposit (net of withholding tax)
10,000
IMPORTANT
Situs of Compensation Income:
place where the services are
rendered
regardless
of
the
residence of payor (Sec. 155, RR
02-40)
57
Example:
Dino purchased a life insurance annuity
for P 1,000,000 which will pay him P
100,000 per year. The life expectancy
of Dino is 12 years. How will the
amount be taxed?
65
Example:
A, married to M had the following during the taxable year:
Gross Income
From the Practice of profession
P 700,000
Rental Income of their conjugal property 300,000
Allowable Deductions
For the practice of profession
For the property rented to tenants
520,000
140,000
67
Passive Income:
Individual Taxpayers
a. Interest on currency bank deposits, yield and other
monetary benefit from deposit substitute, trust and
similar arrangement; Royalty from patents and
franchises, prizes exceeding P10,000 and
winnings regardless of the amount: 20% final tax
b. Royalty from books, literary works and musical
compositions, and dividend from domestic
corporation: 10% final tax
a. Interest on FCD under the expanded FCDS: 7.5%,
except non-residents
Example:
Nina, a resident citizen, had the following incidental income
in 2009:
Interest on Philippine currency bank deposit
P 30,000
Interest on foreign currency deposit under the
Expanded foreign currency deposit system
50,000
Royalty from invention
150,000
Royalty from musical compositions
80,000
Dividend from domestic corporation
60,000
Share in net income of business partnership
100,000
How much is the total final taxes?
Passive Income:
Corporate Taxpayers
a. Interest on FCD under the expanded FCDS:
7.5%, except non-resident foreign corporation
b. Interest on currency bank deposits, yield and
other monetary benefit from deposit substitute,
trust and similar arrangement; Royalty from
patents and franchises, prizes exceeding
P10,000 and winnings regardless of the amount:
20% final tax.
b. Dividend from domestic corporation: exempt
70
Example:
10,000
56,000
7,000
8,000
15,000
30,000
10,000
60,000
72
Example:
Maximo received the following income in
Business income, Philippines
P300,000
2009:
Business income, United States
Expenses, Philippines
Expenses, United States
Interest on deposit with Metrobank
Cash prize won in a local contest
Cash prize won in a contest in U.S.
Winnings in lotto
Winnings in lotto in U.S.
Dividends from SMC, a domestic company
Interest on deposit in U.S. ($1 = P48)
250,000
200,000
125,000
3,000
6,000
10,000
20,000
50,000
25,000
$500
c.
All other capital gains, which are not subject to CGT, are
subject to normal tax (5-32%), subject to the pertinent
rules in property.
74
Capital Assets
Example:
1. Accounts Receivable
2. Securities Held as an investment
3. Inventories of raw materials, work-in process and
finished goods
4. Office Equipment
5. Land used in Business
6. Land held for investment purposes
7. Land for sale by a real estate dealer
8. Residential House
9. Business of sole proprietorship sold to a corporation
10. Interest of a partner in a partnership
11. Car used partly for business and partly for personal
purposes
Example:
A, a resident citizen had the following data for the year 2011 to 2014:
2011
2012
2013
2014
Ordinary Taxable Income P 200,000 P 250,000
P 300,000
P 350,000
Gain from sale of CA
Held for 12 months 20,000
2,000
100,000
57,000
Held for 13 months
8,000
10,000
20,000
28,000
Loss from sale of CA
Held for 19 months 22,000
20,000
60,000
10,000
Status of the taxpayer
Single
Married
Married w/
Married w/
1 QDC
2 QDC
Required: Compute the taxable income of the taxpayer for each year.
Example:
Mr. N, a citizen of the Philippines, single had the following
data:
Net income from business
Interest from notes of clients
Capital gain on shares of foreign
corporation held for 3 years
Capital gains on jewelry held for
10 months
Capital loss on bonds, held for
4 months
2010
P 80,000
4,000
2011
P 90,000
2,000
50,000
70,000
120,000
Solution:
2010
P 80,000
4,000
84,000
2011
P 90,000
2,000
92,000
P70,000
(34,000)
36,000
128,000
(50,000)
78,000
Note:
Corporate taxpayers are not
subject to holding period,
thus cannot carry-over its net
capital loss.
Example:
A, a domestic corp., had the following data for the year 2011 to 2014:
2011
2012
2013
Ordinary Taxable Income P 200,000
P 250,000
P 300,000
Gain from sale of CA
Held for 12 months 20,000
2,000
100,000
Held for 13 months
8,000
10,000
20,000
Loss from sale of CA
Held for 19 months 22,000
20,000
60,000
Required: Compute the taxable income of the taxpayer for each year.
2014
P 350,000
57,000
28,000
10,000
Example:
A sold his principal residence at a selling
price of P5M but with a FMV of 6million.
The property sold was acquired for
P3million. He purchased his new residential
residence at a cost of P7million.
a.The capital gains tax is ______________.
b.The cost of the new principal residence is ________________.
c.If only P4million out of P5million was utilized in acquiring his new
principal residence, the capital gains tax is ____________.
d.Using the same assumption in letter c, the cost basis of the new
residence is _____________
Remember
Passive
incomes
not
subjected to final taxes and
Capital Gains not subjected
to capital gains taxes are
added to the Gross Income,
thus, subject to normal
tax.
94
Example:
Oliver, a resident citizen, has the following
transactions of not listed and traded shares
of stocks of a domestic corporation:
Date of Sale
February
2009
April 5, 2009
July 20, 2009
Date of
Acquisition
13, January 18, 2007
November
30,
2008
September 3, 2007
Cost
P 80,000
Selling
Price
P135,000
256,000
360,000
175,000
115,000
144,500
150,000
DEDUCTIONS
FROM FROM
GROSS INCOME
96
GENERAL RULES:
1. A
taxpayer
seeking
a
deduction must point to some
specific provisions of the
statute
authorizing
the
deduction.
2. Tax exemptions as well as
deductions
are
generally
disfavored
by
the
law.
(strictissimi juris)
Allowable Deductions:
1. Optional Standard Deduction
2. Itemized Deductions
Example of Erroneous
Computation
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
Annual
OSD
Itemized
Deduction
OSD
Itemized
Deduction
Itemized
Deduction
OSD
OSD
Itemized
Deduction
Example of Correct
Computation
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
Annual
OSD
OSD
OSD
OSD
Itemized
Deduction
Itemized
Deduction
Itemized
Deduction
Itemized
Deduction
Itemized Deductions
General Rule: Expenses to be deductible should be
ORDINARY and NECESSARY for the business, and
must be SUBSTANTIATED.
Exception: Optional Standard deduction may be
claimed without substantiation. Take note:
1.RESIDENTS (RC and RA) and CITIZENS (RC and
NRC) can claim OSD.
2.DOMESTIC
and
RESIDENT
FOREIGN
corporations can claim OSD.
Itemized Deductions:
(Ex InTaLoBa DepDep ChaRD PeT)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Rent Expense
LESSEE
LESSOR
ACCRUAL
BASIS
CASH BASIS
Example:
On January 1, 2011, Marco leased his vacant lot for a
period of 12 years at P 240,000 per year to Isabel, the
lessee. It was agreed that the lessee will pay the following:
Rent of P 480,000 (for 2011 and 2012)
Security deposit of P 240,000
Real property tax at P 20,000 per year until the end of the lease
period
Example:
The rent expense of the lessee if he
is using accrual basis for income
tax purposes. _____________
The rent expense of the lessee if he
is using cash basis for income tax
purposes. _____________
109
Example:
A Corporation had a net sales of P1M. The actual
entertainment,
amusement
and
recreation
expense amounted to P20,000. The deductible
EAR expense is _____________.
C Corporation is engaged in the sale of goods and
services with net sales and net revenue of P2M
and P1M respectively. The actual, amusement
and recreation expense amounted to P18,000.
The
deductible
EAR
expense
is
________________.
Example:
A Corporation is engaged in trading business. The reported income and
expenses for taxable year 2014 are as follows:
Sales
P 10,000,000
Cost of Sales
6,000,000
General Business Expenses
1,000,000
Interest on Time Deposit
100,000
Interest from Installment Receivables
120,000
Interest Expenses Claimed:
On loans payable
180,000
On Deficiency Taxes
30,000
On a loan from B Corp., a parent
company
10,000
The net taxable income is _______________________.
Example:
In the taxable year 2012, Mrs. Gemma ClarinMendoza had an interest expense on notes
payable of 40,000 and on delinquency taxes of
P100,000. The taxpayer had an interest
income on bank deposits of P20,000 and
dividend from resident corporations of
P30,000. How much is her deduction for
interest expense?
116
Example:
Taxes paid by a corporation within a year were:
National Income Taxes:
Normal tax
Improperly Accumulated Profit Tax
Capital Gain Tax
Final tax
Community Tax
Value-Added Tax
Local taxes and licenses
Interest for late payment of national and
local taxes
Surcharges for late payment of national
and local taxes
The deduction for taxes is:
P 500,000
300,000
740,000
50,000
10,500
89,000
10,000
40,000
60,000
Losses
The following losses may be claimed as
deduction:
Casualty losses
Net Operating Loss Carry-Over (NOLCO)
Capital losses and securities becoming
worthless
Special losses:
Losses from wash sales of stock or securities
Wagering losses
Abandonment losses
118
Requisites:
1.The loss arises from fires, storms,
shipwreck, or other casualties, or from
robbery, theft or embezzlement;
2.The property lost is connected with the
trade business or practice of profession.
3.Actually sustained during the taxable
year;
4.Not compensated for by insurance or
other forms of idemnity;
Requisites:
5. Incurred in trade, profession or
business;
6. Reported with the BIR within fortyfive days from the time of loss; and
7. Not claimed as deduction for
estate
tax purposes.
P 18,000
15,000
10,000
3,000
P 10,000
4,000
2,500
122
123
Example:
A taxpayer engaged in business incurred a partial loss of property as
follows:
Asset 1
Asset 2
Book Value of the asset at the time of loss
P 200,000
P 200,000
Cost to restore the property back
to its normal operating condition
120,000
300,000
Insurance recovery
50,000
None
Salvage
None
40,000
Compute the deductible loss for asset 1 ________________
Compute the deductible loss for asset 2 ________________
124
NOLCO
Net operating loss means the excess of allowable
deductions over gross income of the business in a
taxable year.
The net operating loss of the business or enterprise for
any taxable year shall be carried over as a deduction
from gross income for the next three (3) consecutive
years immediately following the year of such loss.
Provided, that at the time of incurring net loss, the
taxpayer must not be exempted from income tax.
125
NOLCO
Provided, that for mines other than oil and
gas wells, any net operating loss incurred in
any of the first ten (10) years may be carried
over as deduction from taxable income for the
next five (5) years immediately following such
year when the loss is incurred.
Example:
A Corporation taxpayer had the following:
Y5
Gross Income 900,000
Allowable
Deductions
980,000
Y6
900,000
Y7
880,000
Y8
840,000
Y9
980,000
880,000
900,000
830,000
900,000
Example:
A sold, not a dealer in securities, has the following
transactions during the year:
1/15/2016
2/1/2016
2/28/2016
3/17/2016
Exception:
Capital Expenses of a Private Educational
Institution: maybe capitalized subject to
depreciation or deducted at full.
Example:
The following information are from the record of Central Mindanao University Inc., a
proprietary educational institution, for fiscal year ended March 31, 2012:
Income: Tuition fees
P 5,000,000
Miscellaneous fees
2,500,000
Income from rental
150,000
135
Example:
Pio, married, with five minor children and Pia, single, with 2 legally adopted children
are partners, sharing profits and losses into 4:6. The following data pertain to the
partnership account and the accounts of the individual partners in their own business.
Partnership
Pio
Pia
Gross Income
P 570,000
P 280,000
P 190,000
Allowable Deductions
250,000
150,000
70,000
Drawing Accounts
30,000
20,000
10,000
Other Income
20,000
10,000
Charitable partnership contribution: (not included above)
To:
UP
P 20,000
To:
Malate Church
50,000
a.If the partnership is a GPP, the taxable income of Pio is:
b.If the partnership is an ordinary partnership, the taxable income of the partnership is:
Pension Trust
Actual contribution to the
extent of pension
Amortization of Past Service Cost*
Total
xx
xx
xx
139
Example:
ABC put up a qualified retirement plan approved by the
BIR. It appointed B Corporation to administer the plan
which called for the payment of P200,000 to cover for the
retirement of employees for past services rendered and a
yearly contribution. The following amounts were paid for
the first three years of the plans operation:
Contribution for Services
Past Years Current Years
First Year
P 100,000
P 50,000
Second Year
60,000
50,000
Third Year
40,000
50,000
The pension expense each year is ______________.
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF TAXPAYERS
AND PERSONAL
EXEMPTIONS
141
Classification of
Individual Taxpayers
1. Resident Citizen
2. Non-Resident Citizen
3. Resident Alien
4. Non-Resident Alien Engaged in Trade or
Business
5. Non-Resident Alien Engaged in Trade or
Business
6. Special Taxpayers
Classification of
Individual Taxpayers
1. Resident Citizen (RC) taxable globally (within and
outside)
2. Non-resident Citizen (NRC) taxable for incomes
derived within the Philippines only
Who establishes to the satisfaction of the CIR the fact of their
physical presence abroad with a definite intention to reside
therein;
Who leaves the Philippines during the taxable year to reside
abroad, either as an immigrant or for employment on a
permanent basis;
Who stays outside the Philippines for more than 183 days
Classification of
Individual Taxpayers
A citizen who has been previously considered as nonresident citizen and who arrives in the Philippines shall
likewise be treated as a nonresident citizen for the taxable
year in which he arrives in the Philippines with respect to
his income derived from sources abroad until the date of
his arrival in the Philippines.
Overseas Contract Workers (OCWs). They are Filipino
citizens employed in foreign countries who are physically
present in a foreign country as a consequence of their
employment thereat. To be considered as an OCW or
OFW, he or she must be duly registered as such with
the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
(POEA) with a valid Overseas Employment Certificate
(OEC).
Classification of
Individual Taxpayers
3. Resident Alien (RA) taxable for incomes derived within the
Philippines only
We generally consider as residents those whose length of assignments
are indefinite or exceeding two (2) years (BIR Rulings Nos. 051-81 and
052-81).
Classification of
Individual Taxpayers
5. Non-resident Alien Not Engaged in Trade or Business
(NRANETB) taxable for incomes derived within the Philippines
only
6. Special Taxpayer Taxed at their gross income at 15% when:
Any Filipino or Foreign individual employed, either holding a
managerial or supervisory position, or a rank-and-file, in any of
the following:
a. Offshore Banking Units (OBUs)
b. Regional Area Headquarter or Regional Operating Headquarter
of a multinational company
c. Petroleum contractor or subcontractor
Classification of
Individual Taxpayers
A special taxpayer, generally, shall be taxed at 15% of
his total GROSS COMPENSATION INCOME. Thus, he
cannot claim personal exemptions. However:
If a special taxpayer is a Filipino, he may opt to be taxed
at 15% final tax or using the tabular tax if his gross
compensation income is at least P 975,000.
Aliens are only taxed at 15%.
Example:
A, married, had the following data for the year:
Gross Income, Philippines
P 400,000
Gross Income, USA
300,000
Expenses, Philippines
200,000
Expenses, USA
150,000
a.If the taxpayer is a resident citizen, his taxable
income is:
Example:
A, married, had the following data for the year:
Gross Income, Philippines P 400,000
Gross Income, USA
300,000
Expenses, Philippines
200,000
Expenses, USA
150,000
a.If the taxpayer is an NRC, married his taxable
income is:
Example:
A, married, had the following data for the year:
Gross Income, Philippines
P 400,000
Gross Income, USA
300,000
Expenses, Philippines
200,000
Expenses, USA
150,000
a.If the taxpayer is an RA, married with two
qualified children, his taxable income is:
Example:
A, married, had the following data for the year:
Gross Income, Philippines
P 400,000
Gross Income, USA
300,000
Expenses, Philippines
200,000
Expenses, USA
150,000
a.If the taxpayer is a NRAETB, and his country
allows reciprocity of P30,000, as personal
exemption his taxable income is:
Example:
A, married, had the following data for the year:
Gross Income, Philippines
P 400,000
Gross Income, USA
300,000
Expenses, Philippines
200,000
Expenses, USA
150,000
a.If the taxpayer is a NRANETB and his country
allows reciprocity of P35,000, as personal
exemption his taxable income is:
Individual
Personal Exemptions
Personal exemptions are only given to individuals
whether RC, NRC, RA and NRAETB subject to
reciprocity rule.
RC, NRC and RA may claim a basic personal
exemption of PhP 50,000 regardless of the status
(single, married, legally separated or head of the
family).
NRAETB can only claim basic personal exemption if
there is a reciprocity between Philippine laws and the
laws of his country where he resides. However, the BPE
cannot exceed Php 50,000, but may be lower instead.
Individual
Personal Exemptions
Individual
Personal Exemptions
Provided that, the taxpayer may also
claim an additional exemption even if
the child reaches above 21 years old
when such child is incapable of selfsupport because of mental defect.
or legally
maximum
additional
claim the
SSS contributions
PhilHealth (PHIC) contributions
Pag-IBIG (HDMF) contributions
PHHI contributions
Example:
Taxpayer married his girlfriend on December 30, 2013. The
following occured afterwards:
a.His wife gave birth to a baby girl on December 31, 2013
b.His wife gave birth to twins, both boys on November 1,
2014
c.His wife gave birth to triplets on October 1, 2015
d.His wife had a miscarriage on December 31, 2015
resulting to her death.
Required: Determine the personal and additional exemption
of the taxpayer in 2013, 2014, 2015.
Example:
A taxpayer, married, with five minor children, three of them are gainfully employed,
provided the following data:
Compensation Income
P 150,000
(gross of 10% SSS, Union dues, Pag -IBIG &
Philhealth, net of P45t 13 th mo. Pay and
gross of P10t xmas bonus)
Gross sales
500,000
Cost of Sales
320,000
Other income, (80% represents income from bank deposits, Phils.)
20,000
Expenses (15% represents personal expenses
and health insurance of P2,000 included
in the 15%)
50,000
Income treasury bills
40,000
Additional information: of business income and deductible business expenses is from
outside the Philippines.
If the taxpayer is a resident citizen, the taxable income is:
FRINGE
BENEFITS
162
Definition
Managerial Employee
Those who are vested with powers or prerogatives to lay
down and execute management policies and/or to hire,
transfer, suspend, lay-off, recall, discharge, assign or
discipline employees. (Labor Code of The Philippines)
Supervisory Employee
Those who, in the interest of the employer, effectively
recommend such managerial actions if the exercise of
such authority is not merely routinary or clerical in nature
but require use of independent judgment. (Labor Code of
The Philippines)
Rank-and-File
Those who are not managerial and supervisory employees.
De Minimis Benefits
Whether rank-and-file or managerial/supervisory employee,
the following de minimis benefits shall be non-taxable:
1.Monetized unused vacation leave credits of private
employees not exceeding 10 days during the year;
2.Monetized value of vacation and sick leave credits paid
to government officials and employees;
3.Medical cash allowance to dependents of employees not
exceeding P750 per employee per semester or P 125 per
month;
4.Rice subsidy of P 1,500 or one (1) sack of 50-kg. rice per
month amounting to not more than P 1,500;
5.Uniform and clothing allowance not exceeding P 5,000
per annum;
6.Actual yearly medical benefits not exceeding P 10,000
per annum;
De Minimis Benefits
7. Laundry allowance not exceeding P 300 per month;
8. Employees achievement awards which must be in the
form of a tangible personal property other than cash or gift
certificate, with an annual monetary value not exceeding P
10,000 received by the employee under an established
written plan which does not discriminate in favor of highly
paid employees;
9. Gifts given during Christmas and major anniversary
celebrations not exceeding P 5,000 per employee per
annum;
10. Daily meal allowance for overtime work not exceeding
twenty-five percent (25%) of the basic minimum wage.
De Minimis Benefits
All other benefits given by the employers which
are not included in the above enumeration
shall not be considered as de minimis
benefits, and hence, shall be subject to
income tax as well as withholding tax on
compensation.
Example:
A, during the 2015, received the following benefits:
Medical benefits
P 25,000 per year
Monetized leave credits:
Vacation (13 days)
13,000
Sick Leave (15 days)
15,000
Rice Subsidy, Sinandomeng
2,300 per month
Laundry Allowance
270 per month
Christmas cash gift
12,000
Performance-Based Bonus
20,000
Employee Achievement Awards, cash
12, 000
Uniform Allowance
6,000
13th Month Pay
50,000
Fringe Benefits
If given to rank-and-file employee, fringe benefits shall
constitute gross income subject to tabular tax rate (532%) and PhP 82,000 limit. Moreover, it shall be claimed
as a deductible expense INCLUDED in the salaries
expense on the part of the employer.
Entry:
Fringe Benefits Expense
xx
Cash (or fair value of property)
xx
168
Fringe Benefits
If given to an employee holding a managerial or
supervisory position, it shall be subject to fringe benefit
tax, as follows:
1.RC, NRC, RA, NRAETB 32%
2.NRANETB 25%
3.Special Taxpayer
a. OBUs
15%
b. ROH and RAH of a
15%
multinational company
c. Petroleum contractors and
15%
subcontractors
Monetary Value:
Real Property
1. If the ownership is transferred to the employee
The total FMV or cost exclusive of interest,
whichever is applicable.
2. If the ownership is retained by the employer, and the
usufruct is only given to the employee:
FMV or cost, whichever is applicable, divided by 20
years divided by 2
Monetary Value:
Personal Property
1. If the ownership is transferred to the employee:
The total FMV or cost exclusive of interest,
whichever is applicable.
2. If the ownership is maintained by the employer and
only the usufruct is given to the employee:
FMV or cost, whichever is applicable, divided by 5
years divided by 2
Monetary Value:
Real or Personal Property
Where the purchase price is partially shouldered
by the employer
by
Monetary Value:
Cash and Interest
If Cash
Actual Cash Given
Example:
JHR Company gave the following to B during 2015, his very competitive
manager:
House in Cebu, construction costs
shouldered by JHR
P 3,000,000
Lot where the house was erected,
where usufruct of 30 years is given
4,500,000
Car, where only the use of the car is given
700,000
Macbook
90,000
Cash
100,000
Grocery allowance of P 5,000 per month
70,000
Also during the year, JHR granted a loan to B amounted to P 100,000 on
June 1, 2015 where it was agreed that the interest of 10% will be
forgiven.
Statutory limits,
any
excess
thereof shall be
aggregated
together
with
other
bonuses
subject
to
P82,000 limit.
Example:
The following information are presented to you in connection with the
determination of the tax on the fringe benefits given to Earl, Vice-President
of the Pabebe Corporation:
Paid by the company with official receipts in the name of Pabebe
Corporation:
a.Laptop computer for Earls office use, P 80,000.
b.Air-conditioning unit for Earls office use, P 30,000.
c.Groceries for consumption of Earls family, P 10,000.
d.Plumbing materials for use in the repair of Earls residential house, P 5,000.
Paid by Earl and reimbursed by the company with official receipts in the
name of Pabebe Corporation:
a.Clothes and shoes for Earls daughter, P 15,000.
b.Samples of merchandise sold in the competitors store for marketing study, P
12,000.
Example:
Ninja Corp. a regional operating headquarters of a multinational
Corporation, established in the Philippines provided its employees
cash and non-cash fringe benefits in 2010 as follow:
Total Fringe Benefits
P1,000,000
60% of said amount was given to rank and file employees
40% of said amount was given to corporate officers as follow:
To resident citizens
45%
To non-resident aliens not engaged
in business in the Philippines
35%
To special aliens and Filipino employees
20%
The fringe benefits tax due is
179
INCOME TAXATION
ON CORPORATE
TAXPAYERS
180
Overview:
The term corporation includes partnerships, no
matter how created or organized, joint-stock
companies, joint accounts (cuentas en participacion),
associations, or insurance companies, but does not
include
1. general professional partnerships (GPPs) and
2. joint venture or consortium formed for the purpose of
undertaking construction projects or engaging in
petroleum operation, coal, geothermal and other energy
operations pursuant to an operating or consortium
agreement under a service contract with the Government.
Pro-Forma Computation
Gross receipts/sales
Less: Cost of service/sales
Gross income from business or profession
Add:
Passive Incomes, not subjected to final tax
Capital Gains, not subjected to CGT
Total Gross Income
Less: Deductions for:
Itemized Deductions or OSD
Net Operating Loss Carry-Over (NOLCO)
Taxable Income
*NCLCO is not applicable since the holding period
applicable.
xx
(xx)
xx
xx
xx
xx
(xx)
(xx)
xx
is also not
Note:
In the computation of GROSS INCOME, the same rule
shall be observed as in the case of an individual
taxpayer, except that a corporation has no compensation
income and does not have winnings and prizes.
In the computation of ALLOWABLE DEDUCTIONS, the
same ruling shall be observed as in the case of an
individual, except those specific items which has a
different statutory ceilings such as the charitable
contributions (5%).
No Personal exemptions.
80,000
100,000
Classification of Corporate
Taxpayers
1. Domestic corporations are taxed on worldwide income, at
30% of the taxable income.
2. Resident foreign corporations are taxed on incomes from the
Philippines only, at 30% of the taxable income.
3. Non- Resident foreign corporations are taxed on incomes
from the Philippines only, at 30% of the gross income.
Note:
GPPs are partnerships formed by persons for the sole purpose
of exercising their common profession, no part of the income
of which is derived from engaging in any trade or business
185
Corporate Taxes
1. Gross Income Tax (GIT)
2. Normal Corporate Income Tax (NCIT)
3. Minimum Corporate Income Tax
(MCIT)
4. Improperly Accumulated Earnings
Tax (IAET)
34%
33%
32%
35%
30%
Example:
ABC Corp. a domestic corporation, in its fifth year of operation in 2014, which
had a tax refundable of P10,000 for the preceding year for which there is a
certificate of tax credit, had the following cumulative data:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Gross profit from sale
P800,000 P1,600,000 P2,400,000 P3,100,000
Capital gain on sale
Directly to buyer of shares
Of a domestic Corporation 50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
Dividend from Domestic
corporation
10,000
10,000
20,000
20,000
Interest on Peso Deposit
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Business Expenses
600,000
1,200,000
1,700,000
2,100,000
Income tax withheld
15,000
35,000
65,000
115,000
Compute the income tax due for each quarter.
Solution:
35,000
40,000
0
30,000
0
36,000
0
40,000
399,000
76,000
Solution:
Normal Tax
MCIT
Tax Due
Less: Excess
MCIT
2006
35,000
40,000
2007
0
30,000
2008
0
36,000
2009
0
40,000
2010
399,000
76,000
40,000
30,000
36,000
40,000
399,000
2007
2008
2009
(30,000)
(36,000)
(40,000)
293,000
Solution: Non-cumulative
A domestic corporation has the following non-cumulative data for 2012:
Excess MCIT in 2011 P 10,000
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Income,
500,000
800,000
600,000
950,000
Deductions
480,000
700,000
450,000
770,000
Net Taxable Income 20,000
100,000
150,000
180,000
NCIT (30%)
6,000
30,000
45,000
54,000
MCIT (2%)
10,000
16,000
12,000
19,000
Tax Due
10,000
30,000
45,000
54,000
Less: Tax Withheld ( 5,000)
(8,000)
(6,000)
(9,500)
MCIT last year
(10,000)
MCIT Last quarter
( 4,000)___________
_________
Tax still payable
5,000
8,000
39,000
44,500
Solution: Cumulative
A domestic corporation has the following non-cumulative data for 2012:
Excess MCIT in 2011 P 10,000
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Income,
500,000
1,300,000
1,900,000
2,850,000
Deductions
480,000
1,180,000
1,630,000
2,400,000
Net Taxable Income 20,000
120,000
270,000
450,000
NCIT (30%)
6,000
36,000
81,000
135,000
MCIT (2%)
10,000
26,000
38,000
57,000
Tax Due
10,000
36,000
81,000
135,000
Less: Tax Withheld ( 5,000)
(13,000)
(19,000)
(28,500)
MCIT last year
(10,000)
(10,000)
(10,000)
Tax paid last Qtr
_ ( 5,000)___
(13,000)__
(52,000)
Tax still payable
5,000
8,000
39,000
44,500
Improperly Accumulated
Earnings
Tax
It is a tax imposed on improper accumulation of
earnings. Improperly accumulated earnings
(IAE) are the profits of a corporation that are
permitted to accumulate instead of being
distributed by a corporation to its shareholders
for the purpose of avoiding the income tax with
respect to its shareholders or the shareholders
of another corporation.
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
(xx)
(xx)
(xx)
xx
Applicability of IAET
Shall apply to every corporation formed or
availed for the purpose of avoiding the income
tax with respect to its shareholders or
shareholders of any other corporation, by
permitting earnings and profits to accumulate
instead of being divided or distributed. These
are:
Domestic corporations
Closely-held corporations
Example:
The records of a closely-held domestic corporation show the following
data for 2014:
Gross Income
1,500,000
Business Expenses
600,000
Gain on Sale of Business Assets
60,000
Interest on deposits with Metrobank, net of tax
5,000
Sale of Shares of stocks, not listed and traded
Selling Price
150,000
Cost
115,000
Dividends from Victory Corporation, domestic
35,000
Dividends paid during the year
120,000
Reserved for Building acquisition
300,000
In 2013, the corporation suffered an operating loss of 130,000. this
amount was carried forward and claimed as deduction from gross
income in 2014.
The income tax due is ________________
The improperly accumulated earnings tax is _______________
INCOME TAX
RETURN FILING
AND PAYMENT OF
INCOME TAX
205
a.
Allowable
income
tax Net book value of the property donated as
deduction (on the part of the reflected in the financial statements of the
donor)
donor.
ESTATE TAX
216
Transfer Taxation:
Gratuitous
A transfer may be gratuitous (without
consideration) or onerous (with consideration).
Donacion mortis causa and donacion inter
vivos are gratuitous transfer.
Concept of Succession
a mode of acquisition by virtue of
which the property, rights and
obligations to the extent of the value of
the inheritance, of a person are
transmitted through his death to
another or others by will or by
operation of law.
Concept of Will
Will is an act whereby a person is
permitted with the formalities prescribed by
law, to control to a certain degree the
disposition of his estate, to take effect after
his death. From the moment of death of the
decedent, the rights to the succession are
transmitted, and the possession of the
hereditary property is deemed transmitted to
the heir.
Kinds of Will
1. Notarial or Ordinary Will one which is executed in accordance with
the formalities prescribed by Art. 804 to 808 of the New Civil Code. It is
the will that is created for the testator by a third party, usually his
lawyer, follows proper form, signed and dated in front of the required
bumber of witnesses and acknowledged by the presence of a notary
public.
2. Holographic Will is a written will which must be entirely written ,
dated and signed by the hand of the testator himself, without the
necessity of any witnesses.
3. Codicil A supplement or addition to a will, made after the
execution of a will and annexed to be taken as part thereof, by which
any disposition made in the original will is explained, added or altered.
Elements of Succession
1. Decedent the person whose property is
transmitted
through
succession,
whether
testamentary, intestate, or mixed.
2. Heir the person called to the succession
either by the provision of a will or by operation of
law.
3. Estate refers to all property, rights and
obligations of a person which are not
extinguished upon his death.
Types of Succession
1. Testamentary Succession
2. Intestate Succession
3. Mixed Succession
Testamentary Succession
It results from the designation of an heir,
made in a will executed in the form prescribed
by the law.
The descedent may dispose his properties in
his last will and testament in the manner he
wants, however, he must reserve some for
certain persons who are called by the law as
compulsory heirs.
Definition
Legitimate Child
Born within marriage
Includes legally adopted child; the share of the legally
adopted child is equal to the share of the legitimate child.
Includes legitimated child (that who is originally a natural
child but subsequently legitimated by virtue of actual
marriage)
Illegitimate child
Born outside marriage (spurious, bastard)
Natural child (child before born before actual marriage)
Testamentary Succession
Compulsory heirs are:
1.Legitimate children and their descendants, which
include legally adopted children
2.In the absence of legitimate children and their
descendants, the legitimate parents or ascendants.
3.Surviving spouse
4.Illegitimate child, both natural and spurious
Testamentary Succession
In the absence of compulsory heirs, the
successors would be:
Relatives up to 5th degree of consanguinity
If there were no relatives, the government shall
inherit the whole estate.
If there is a will, the decedent may name other
persons to inherit the free portion of the net
distributable estate
Example:
A died leaving the following surviving relatives:
B
Wife
L
C
Only Son
M
D
Only Daughter
N
E
Mother
O
F
Father
G
Cs daughter
H
Ds son
I
Brother
J
Nephew (Is Son)
K
Js son
Sister
Ls granddaughter
Ms Son
Es Mother
Testamentary Succession
230
General Rules:
If there is a legitimate child, his share is usually one-half
of the total distributable estate.
If there are legitimate children, their share (in aggregate)
will equal to one-half of the total distributable estate.
The share of the surviving spouse if there is a legitimate
child is one-fourth, while if there several legitimate
children, the share of the surviving spouse is normally
equal to the share of one legitimate child.
General Rules:
No share shall be given to the parents
or their ascendants, if there is a
legitimate child, unless the will of the
testator provides that the free portion
shall be given to the parents or their
ascendants.
Illegitimate children has a share but only
to the extent of one-half of the share of
legitimate child.
Example:
If the hereditary estate of the testator is P
12,000,000 and the surviving heirs or relatives
are: mother, spouse, four legitimate children, one
legally adopted son, one illegitimate child, and a
brother and in his will, the testator is giving all
free portion equally to the surviving heirs. The
share of the surviving spouse, four legitimate
children and one illegitimate child shall be:
________, _________ and ________.
Intestate Succession
It transmission of properties where there is no will, or if
there is a will, such is void or lost its validity, or nobody
succeeds the will.
In the intestate succession, the entire estate of the decedent is
distributed to the heirs. The compulsory heirs in testamentary
succession are also the heirs in intestate succession. However,
intestate heirs include brothers and sisters, collateral relatives
within the fifth degree of consanguinity and the state.
Intestate Succession
1. No free portion under intestate succession, hence
the 100% shall be given to the child, the surviving
spouse and illegitimate child (if there is any).
2. f child only, 100%
3. If there are several children, 100% divided equally by
them.
4. If children and spouse, the share of the spouse is
equivalent to the share of one child (unit).
5. If there is a child, no share for parents.
6. The share of illegitimate child is equal to one half of
the share of the legitimate child.
Example:
The net distributable estate of Mr.
Geronimo who died intestate is P
5,000,000. The surviving relatives are
the spouse and the 4 children, and the
mother of the deceased. How much
would be the inheritance of the
spouse? ____________
Mixed Succession
It is a transmission of properties,
which is effected partly by will
and partly by operation of law
237
Example:
The hereditary estate is P3,000,000.
The surviving relatives are the parents,
the spouse and the 4 children. The
testator is giving 20% of the free
portion to his sister-in-law. How much
could be designated to the sister-inlaw? _____________
Example:
If the hereditary estate is P 15, 000, 000 and
the surviving heirs are three legitimate
children, a surviving spouse, and a brother, the
share of the surviving spouse shall be :
The free portion that can be distributed as a
legacy or devise, and the share of the brother
shall be :
239
Gratuitous Transfer
The classification of taxpayers as to
situs in estate tax and donors tax is
the
SAME.
(Residents
and
Citizens are taxable globally; Nonresident aliens are taxable within
the Philippines only)
240
xx
(xx)
(xx)
xx
xx
(xx)
xx
Exclusive Conjugal/Communi
Properties
ty Properties
Gross Estate
Less: Allowable Deductions
1. Ordinary (ELITE)
Net
Estate
before
Special
Deductions
1. Special Deductions
Family Home
Medical Expenses
Standard deduction
Benefits received under RA
4917
Share of the Surviving Spouse
(1/2
of
the
net
conjugal/community
estate
before special deductions)
Net Taxable Estate
Estate Tax Due
Less: Estate Tax Credit
Estate Tax Payable
Total
xx
xx
xx
(xx)
xx
(xx)
xx
(xx)
xx
(xx)
(xx)
(xx)
(xx)
(xx)
xx
xx
(xx)
xx
Remember
As a general rule, obligations contracted during
the marriage are presumed to have benefited
the marriage, and are charges againts the
community/conjugal property (e.g. funeral
expenses, judicial expenses, claims against the
estate).
Vanishing deduction may be a dedcution against
exclusive
or
community/conjugal
property,
depending on the classification of the property
to which it is related, if exclusive or
community/conjugal.
Remember
A deduction, whether against exclusive or
community/conjugal
estate
follows
the
classification of the property in the gross
estate. If the property to which the deductioon
is related is exclusive property in the gross
estate, the deduction is against the exclusive
gross estate. If the property to which the
deductioon is related is community/conjugal
property in the gross estate, the deduction is
against the community/conjugal gross estate.
Non-Resident Aliens
properties
in
the
properties
in
the
UNLESS
basis of
P 5M
3M
10%
37.36 years
2.487
9.706
P 5,000,000
( 1,243,500)
P 3,756,000
500,000
9.706
P 4,853,000
P 5,000,000
( 4,853,000)
P 147,000
Stocks of
Jollibee
Value
P 1.00
Open
P 188.00
High
P 188.40
Low
Close
P 186.50P 187.10
P 96,000,000
36,000,000
P 60,000,000
Common
P 60,000,000
10/12___
P 50,000,000
1,000,000
P 50
P 1,000,000
100,000
P 1,100,000
Gross Estate
What intangible properties are considered as situated
within the Philippines?
1.Franchise which must be exercisable in the Philippines;
2.Shares, obligations or bonds issued by domestic
corporations;
3.Shares, obligations or bonds issued by any foreign
corporation, 85% of business of which is in the
Philippines;
4.Shares, obligations or bonds issued by any foreign
corporation, if such shares, obligations or bonds have
acquired business in the Philippines;
5.Shares or rights in any partnership, business or industry
established in the Philippines.
Additions
to
Gross
Estate
1. Taxable Transfers (during the lifetime)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2. Others
1.
2.
3.
4.
Example:
On November 10, 2015, due to severe
prostate cancer (terminal stage), C donated
his land to X, his paramour. A week after, C
died. The land, although already in the
hands of X, shall be included in the
computation of gross estate of C.
Additions to Gross
Estate:
Revocable
Transfers
Transfer of property
with retention or reservation
Example:
On June 1, 2015, B gave his car to D,
younger brother whos going to take the
CPA board exam on October 2015, with a
condition that when B should fail to become
a CPA within two years, the car shall be
taken back by him (D). D, however, died
on September 30, 2015. The transfer is
revocable, thus included in the gross estate
of D.
Additions to Gross
Estate:
General
Power
of Appointment
Transfer
under
GPA means that
Example:
P died leaving his residential house to his
only son (M), with a will, giving the latter a
condition that should he die (son), he can
only choose from J, H and R as the next
successor of the residential house. In this
case, the power is special, thus, the
residential shall not be included in the
computation of gross estate of the son.
Example:
G, in contemplation of death, sold his
properties to H for P 250,000 on
November 26, 2015. G died on
December 10, 2015.
If the fair market value at the time of sale was P
200,000 and the fair market value at the time of
death is P 400,000, how much would be included
in the gross estate?
Example:
G, in contemplation of death, sold his
properties to H for P 250,000 on
November 26, 2015. G died on
December 10, 2015.
If the fair market value at the time of sale was P
370,000 and the fair market value at the time of
death is P 300,000, how much would be
included in the gross estate?
Example:
G, in contemplation of death, sold his
properties to H for P 250,000 on
November 26, 2015. G died on
December 10, 2015.
If the fair market value at the time of sale was P
370,000 and the fair market value at the time of
death is P 150,000, how much would be
included in the gross estate?
Example:
Ben died on October 20, 2014. During his
lifetime, upon knowing that he had Stage 4
cancer, sold his Lamborghini car to his son for P
4, 000, 000. The fair market value of the car at
the time of sale is P 3, 000,000 while it is already
valued at P 5,000,000 at the time of death. The
amount will be added to gross estate is :
278
Example: Merger of
Usufruct in the Naked Title
Jojo died in 2015 leaving his only
property, house and lot, to Nancy and
Mar, his daughter and son, with the
stipulation that Nancy shall inherit the title
of ownership while Mar will benefit the
use of property (usufruct).
Example: Merger of
Usufruct in the Naked Title
If Nancy died after the father (Jojo) and there
was no heir other than her brother Mar, there
would a merger of usufruct in the owner of the
naked title (Mar), hence, non-taxable.
Example: Merger of
Usufruct in the Naked Title
If Mar died before Nancy and there
was no heir other than Nancy, the
latter will inherit the property.
However, this time it would be
subject to estate tax.
Example:
Ben, a non resident alien, died on September 21, 2008,
leaving the following properties to his heirs.
Shares of stocks, Meralco
Shares of stock, foreign Corp. 85 % of its
business conducted in Phils.
Dollar deposit accnt. HSBC. Phil.
Car Manila
P 250, 000
400, 000
800, 000
550, 000
291
Property Relations
Conjugal
Partnership
Absolute
Community
a. Gratuitous
Exclusive
Communal
b. Onerous
Exclusive
Communal
Exclusive
Exclusive
a. Gratuitous title
Exclusive
Exclusive
b. Onerous Title
Conjugal
Communal
Exclusive
Exclusive
Conjugal
Communal
Conjugal
Exclusive
Conjugal
Communal
General Assumptions:
In the absence of any contract or marriage settlement
executed before marriage, the property relations shall be
either conjugal (before August 3, 1988) or communal (on
or after August 3, 1988).
Property for personal and exclusive use of either the
spouse shall be exclusive, however, jewelry shall form
part of the communal property.
Property acquired in exchange of exclusive property
shall be exclusive.
Any property acquired during marriage are presumed to be
communal, unless proven otherwise.
Example:
Mr. Jose, Filipino, married died leaving the following estate:
Car acquired before marriage by Mr. Jose
P 400,000
Car acquired before marriage by Mrs. Jose
350,000
House and lot acquired during marriage
1,500,000
Jewelries of Mrs. Jose, acquired before marriage
200,000
Personal properties inherited by Mr. Jose before marriage 550,000
Land inherited by wife during marriage
1,000,000
Funeral expenses
405,000
Medical Expenses incurred 2 years ago
550,000
1. How much is the gross estate under Conjugal Partnership of Gains?
Example:
Mr. Jose, Filipino, married died leaving the following estate:
Car acquired before marriage by Mr. Jose
P 400,000
Car acquired before marriage by Mrs. Jose
350,000
House and lot acquired during marriage
1,500,000
Jewelries of Mrs. Jose, acquired before marriage
200,000
Personal properties inherited by Mr. Jose before marriage 550,000
Land inherited by wife during marriage
1,000,000
Funeral expenses
405,000
Medical Expenses incurred 2 years ago
550,000
2. Under the same problem, how much is the gross estate under Absolute
Community of Property?
295
Example:
A decedent left the following properties:
Land in Italy (with P 750,000 unpaid mortgage) P 2,000,000
Land in Laguna, Philippines
500,000
Franchise in USA
100,000
Receivable from debtor in Philippines
70,000
Receivable from debtor in USA
100,000
Bank deposits in USA
80,000
Shares of Stocks of PLDT, Philippines
75,000
Shares of stock of ABC, foreign corporation 75%
of the business in the Philippines
125,000
Other personal properties in the Philippines
300,000
Zonal value of the Land in Laguna
750,000
If the decedent is a nonresident citizen, his gross estate is
296
Example:
A citizen of Malaysia residing in Vietnam, with properties in the Malaysia
and the Philippines, had the following data on properties and rights at
the time of death and values.
Real estate, Malaysia
P 1, 000, 000
Real estate, Philippines
2, 000, 000
Shares of stock of a domestic corporation
200, 000
Shares of stock of a Malaysian corporation
300, 000
Shares of stock of an Indonesian corporation
Doing business in the Philippines only
100, 000
Philippine peso deposit in BDO bank
500, 000
Receivable under a life insurance with an insurance
Company doing business in Malaysia
250, 000
The gross estate that should be reported in the Philippines is
297
ALLOWABLE
DEDUCTIONS
298
Allowable Deductions
ALLOWABLE DEDUCTIONS
O
R
D
I
N
A
R
Y
Residents
or Citizens
NRA
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
3. Vanishing Deduction
Yes
Yes
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
ELITE
Funeral expenses
Judicial expenses
Claims against the estate
Claims against insolvent
person
e. Unpaid mortgages and
indebtedness
f. Taxes
g. Losses
(PGE/WE)
X
WORLD
ELITE
Allowable Deductions
ALLOWABLE DEDUCTIONS
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
Residents or
Citizens
NRA
4. Family Home
Yes
No
5. Medical Expenses
Yes
No
Yes
No
7. Standard Deduction
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Remember
1.
2.
3.
4.
Remember
1. Deductions whether Ordinary or Special,
generally, FOLLOW the classification of the
property (exclusive or conjugal).
2. Deductions which are non-accountable
whether exclusive or conjugal are generally
deductible from conjugal property (e.g.
Funeral expenses, Judicial Expenses)
Remember
1. Deductions like vanishing deduction,
transfer
for
public
use,
losses,
indebtedness and others which can be
attributed to either exclusive or conjugal
property are classified accordingly.
Allowable Deductions
Deductions from gross estate
1. Residents and Citizens:
ELITE + PP + VD + FH + STD + R + M +
Share of the Surviving Spouse
2. Nonresident Aliens:
ELITE + PP + VD + Share of the Surviving
Spouse
Allowable Deductions
Total ELITE
Allowable Deductions
The family home not exceeding P1,000,000.
Standard deduction for citizen or resident alien decedent
only of P1,000,000.
Retirement benefits received by employees of private firms
from private pension plan approved by the BIR under R.A.
4917.
Medical expenses paid or incurred within 1 year prior to
decedents death duly substantiated with receipts but not to
exceed P500,000 for citizen or resident decedent.
Net share of the surviving spouse in the conjugal
partnership property or community property as diminished
by the expenses properly chargeable to such property shall
be deducted from the estate.
Allowable Deductions
Ordinary Deductions
1. ELITE: Expenses, Losses, Indebtedness,
Taxes, Etc.
a. Funeral expenses: Limited to the lowest of
the actual, 5% of the gross estate and P
200,000. Excess funeral expense incurred
but not yet paid cannot be claimed as
indebtedness. Any funeral expense defrayed
by relatives or other parties cannot be
claimed as expense.
Example:
The gross estate of JR, who was a married
decedent, was P 3, 500, 000, wherein P 820, 000
was inherited from his mother who died four years
ago. The inherited property has an unpaid
mortgage of p 200, 000, whereby 60 % of it was
paid during the lifetime of JR. The total allowed
expenses amounted to P 1, 505, 000 including the
actual funeral expenses of P 180, 000 but
excluding the share of the surviving spouse and
the vanishing deduction. The allowed funeral
expenses shall be :
Example:
Properties in the Philippines - P500,000;
Properties outside the Philippines P300,000; Actual funeral expenses in the
Philippines - P20,000;
Actual funeral
expenses outside the Philippines P10,000.
If the decedent was a citizen or resident of
the Philippines, the deductible funeral
expenses is:
310
Example:
Properties in the Philippines - P500,000;
Properties outside the Philippines - P300,000;
Actual funeral expenses in the Philippines P20,000; Actual funeral expenses outside the
Philippines - P10,000.
If the decedent was a non-resident, not citizen of
the Philippines, the deductible funeral expenses is:
311
Ordinary Deductions
Ordinary Deductions
Ordinary Deductions
Ordinary Deductions
Example:
Ordinary Deductions
g. Losses: arising from storm, fire, shipwreck, or
other casualty, robbery, theft or embezzlement.
Losses must not be compensated by insurance
and not claimed as deduction in income tax
return. If compensated by insurance, the amount
deductible against the gross estate shall only be
limited to the amount not compensated. The loss
must have occurred after death but not later than
the last day of filing for estate tax return (6
months after death).
317
Ordinary Deductions
Ordinary Deductions
Transfer for Public Use:
- are donations and contributions, by virtue of
death, to:
1.Government or its political subdivisions;
2.Non-government organizations (accredited)
3.Charitable and religious institutions
- are actually exemptions from estate tax provided
that not more than 30% are used for administrative
purposes and the income of such institutions does not
inure to the benefit of private individuals (such as
distribution of profits through dividends).
Ordinary Deductions
Transfer for Public Use
-However, to be exempted, the executor or
administrator should also add the amount donated
or contributed to the gross estate.
-Likewise, the deduction is also allowed as
ordinary deduction.
Example:
Example:
Example:
Ordinary Deductions
3. Vanishing Deductions: only
allowed for properties included in the
gross estate which have been
previously taxed (donors or estate
taxes. To be allowed for vanishing
deduction, the present death must
be within 5 years from the prior
transfer.
Ordinary Deductions
Purpose - to minimize the effects of a double tax on
the same property within a short period of time.
Conditions for allowance:
There is a property forming a part of the gross
estate of the present decedent situated in the
Philippines;
The present decedent acquired the property by
inheritance or donation within 5 years prior to
his death;
Ordinary Deductions
Ordinary Deductions
Percentage of vanishing deduction - the rate
depends on the interval between the death of
present decedent and death of prior decedent
(if the property was acquired by inheritance) or
death of present decedent and date of gift (if
the property was acquired by donation), as
follows:
Percentages for
Vanishing Deductions
More than
xxx
1 years
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
Not more
than
1 years
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
Xxx
Percentage
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
Xxx
Procedures in computing
vanishing deductions
Determine the initial value by comparing the FMV of the
property used in computing the first transfer tax paid with
the FMV of the property in the present decedent. The lower
of the two is the initial value.
From the initial value taken, deduct any mortgage or lien on
the property previously taxed which was paid by the present
decedent prior to his death, where such mortgage or lien
was a deduction from the gross estate of the prior decedent
or gross gift of the donor. This is the initial basis.
Procedures in computing
vanishing deductions
The initial value taken, as reduced by Step (b),
shall be further reduced by prorated deductions for
expenses, losses, indebtedness, taxes (ELIT) and
transfers for public purpose (PP) only, allocable to
the property previously taxed as follows:
Initial Basis
x
(ELIT + TPP)
Gross Estate
Procedures in computing
vanishing deductions
Determine the time interval between the death of
present decedent and death of prior decedent (if the
property was acquired by inheritance) or death of
present decedent and date of gift (if the property
was acquired by donation) to find the applicable
percentage of vanishing deduction.
Multiply the final basis by the percentage of
vanishing deduction to arrive at the VANISHING
DEDUCTION
MORTGAGE
PAID
NEW INITIAL
VALUE
TOTAL GROSS
ESTATE
NEW INITIAL
VALUE
Divide:
plus Transfer
XELITE
= deductible
for Public Use
amount from NIV
Deductible
amount from NIV
NEW INITIAL
VALUE
Example:
Property inherited four and one half years ago
(FMV P 5, 000, 000 when inherited and subject to a
Mortgage of P 1, 200, 000 )
P 7, 000, 000
Property received as gift 3 and years ago
(FMV when of P 5, 000, 000 when inherited ) 3, 000, 000
Unpaid mortgage on inherited property
200, 000
Funeral expenses
300, 000
Judicial expenses
500, 000
Claims against the estate
( not including mortgage)
1, 100, 000
Vanishing deduction ?
334
Special Deductions
4. Family Home: must be the actual residential home of
the decedent and his family at the time of his death, as
certified by the Barangay Captain. Allowable deduction
must be an amount equivalent to the fair value declared in
the gross estate, to the extent of the decedents interest but
not to exceed P 1,000,000
5. Standard Deduction: there shall be a standard
deduction of P 1,000,000 without the need of
substantiation.
335
Example:
B died leaving his only property, residential house and lot,
to his wife, S. The following information were given:
Lot acquired by B during marriage
thru gift from Father of B
P 500,000
House constructed using conjugal funds
Construction Cost (10 years ago)
1,500,000
Assessed Value per tax declaration 1,200,000
Solution:
Lot (EXCLUSIVE)
House (CONJUGAL)
Assessed Value:
1,200,000/2
LIMIT
500,000
600,000
P 1,100,000
P 1,000,000
Special Deductions
6. Medical Expense: must be incurred within one year
prior to the death of the decedent and shall not exceed
P500,000. Any amount in excess of the ceiling shall not
be allowed as creditable as indebtedness.
7. RA 4917 (Retirement Benefits Act): Any amount
received by the heir under this act shall be allowed as
deduction from gross estate, provided that the same
must also have been included in the gross estate.
Example:
Assume that Juanito, a married Filipino citizen, died
leaving the following properties and obligations:
Residential House and Lot (family home)
Personal Properties (exclusive)
Amount Received under RA 4917
ELITE Deductions
P 4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
500,000
Solution:
Under the first treatment, RA 4917 is excluded in the gross estate, thus:
Exclusive
Conjugal
Total
Family Home
P 4,000,000
Personal Properties
P 3,000,000
P 7,000,000
Gross Estate
3,000,000
4,000,000
7,000,000
ELITE Deductions
( 500,000)
(500,000)
Net estate after Ordinary
3,000,000
3,500,000
6,500,000
Less: Special Deductions
Family Home
(1,000,000)
Standard deduction
(1,000,000)
Share of the Surviving Spouse
(3.5 M/2)
(1,750,000)
Net taxable Estate
2,750,000
Allowable Deductions
8. Share of the Surviving Spouse: the
share of the surviving spouse from the
conjugal or communal property is also
allowed as deduction from total gross
estate to arrive at net taxable estate.
Example:
Mr. A, non-resident Japanese, died leaving the following:
Exclusive Properties, Philippines P 560,000
Conjugal Properties, Philippines
420,000
Conjugal Properties, Japan
1,820,000
Deductions claimed:
Funeral expenses
100,000
Judicial expenses 100,000
Unpaid expenses 150,000
Losses, occurring 3 months after death
Due to fire
50,000
Donation mortis causa to Makati City
180,000
Family Home (included above)
2,000,000
Standard Deduction
1,000,000
The taxable net estate is: _________________
Example:
A citizen of the Philippines, single, died a resident of the United States, leaving the
following properties:
Real property in the United States, inherited
from the father one and one-half years ago
P 2,000,000
Personal property in the Philippines inherited from the father
1,600,000
Family home in the United States
1,400,000
and only the following expenses and obligations:
Actual funeral expenses paid in the United States
100,000
Other obligations contracted within the last two years
250,000
1. The gross estate subject to Philippine estate tax is:
2. The deduction for family home is:
3. The vanishing deduction is:
4. The taxable net estate is:
5. The estate tax due is:
349
COMPLIANCE
REQUIREMENTS
350
Compliance Requirements
Notice of death shall be given when the value of
the gross estate exceeds P 20,000
The executor, administrator or any of the legal
heirs shall file the notice of death:
a. within 2 months after the decedents death
(EXTRAJUDICIAL SETTLEMENT); or
b.
within 2 months after the executor or
administrator
has
qualified
(JUDICIAL
SETTLEMENT).
Compliance Requirements
The estate tax return shall be filed within 6 months after
the decedents death, but may be extended to not
exceeding 30 days if authorized by the BIR Commissioner.
When the estate tax return shows a gross value
exceeding P 2,000,000, it shall be supported with a
statement duly certified by a CPA.
The payment of estate tax shall be made at the time the
return is filed. However, the CIR may allow an extension
of until 5 years if settled judicially or 2 years if settled
extra-judicially.
Example:
A died on January 31, 2010 leaving a house
and lot, which have a gross value of P
800,000, to B. When shall be the last day to
notify the CIR?
Example:
A died on January 31, 2010 leaving a
house and lot, which have a gross
value of P3,800,000, to B. When
shall be the last day to file the estate
tax return?
354
Example:
A died on January 31, 2010 leaving a
house and lot, which have a gross value
of P3,800,000, to B. When shall be the
last day to file the estate tax return if the
Commissioner grants an extension of
filing due to hardship in valuation the
estate?
355
Example:
A died on January 31, 2010 leaving a house
and lot, which have a
gross value of
P3,800,000, to B. The executor of A filed the
estate tax return on June 30, 2010. However,
he failed to pay the estate tax due to liquidity
problems. If the estate is settled judicially,
when shall be the last day for the BIR to
collect the estate tax?
356
Example:
A died on January 31, 2010 leaving a house
and lot, which have a gross value of
P3,800,000, to B. The executor of A filed
the estate tax return on June 30, 2010.
However, he failed to pay the estate tax due
to liquidity problems. If the estate is settled
extra-judicially, when shall be the last day
for the BIR to collect the estate tax?
357
Example:
Taxpayer died February 2, 2010. No
judicial proceedings were instituted for the
settlement of his estate. Return was filed
and tax of P 20,000 was paid November 2,
2010. The estate tax due, including
increments, as of November 2, 2010 is:
________________
358
Example:
Mr. Joacquin Gamboa died on April 23, 2009 leaving a
total net taxable estate of P 1,250,000. The executor filed
the estate tax return on August 8, 2009. However, due to
undue hardship, the executor asked for the extension of
payment of estate tax which was granted by the
Commissioner of Internal Revenue. When will the last day
of payment of estate tax if the CIR grants the maximum
period and the estate is settled judicially?
359
Example:
Assuming that the executor filed the
estate tax return on January 23,
2010 for a fraudulent reason, how
much would be the total amount
payable on January 23, 2010?
360
Example:
Ms. Laureen McDonald, a citizen and resident of Brisbane, Australia,
died leaving properties and obligations in Australia and in the
Philippines:
Properties in Australia (inherited within
the year of which P1000,000 is family home)
P 3,000,000
Properties in the Philippines
1,000,000
Investment in stocks of San Miguel Beer, Inc.
550,000
Investment in Foreign Corporation
400,000
Funeral Expenses in Australia
250,000
Unpaid obligations in Australia, duly notarized
700,000
Medical expenses in the Philippines
200,000
The net taxable estate in the Philippines is:
361
362
- 200,000 Exempt
200,000 - 500,000
0
500,000 - 2,000,000
15,000
2,000,000 - 5,000,000 135,000
5,000,000 - 10,000,000 465,000
10,000,000 - above
1,215,000
+
+
+
+
+
5%
8%
11%
15%
20%
DONORS TAX
Overview
Nature of Donors Tax a tax on the privilege of
the donor to give; it is not a property tax but is a
tax imposed on the transfer of property by way of
gift during the life time of the donor. The donors
tax shall not apply unless and until there is a
completed gift.
It is an excise tax imposed upon the right of a
person to transfer property gratuitously during his
lifetime.
Overview
Donation takes place only when there is a concurrence of
the following:
1.Capacity of the donor
2.Donative intent
3.Delivery of the gift
4.Acceptance by the donee
- completed
- perfected
Note:
The composition and valuation of gross gift is the same as
the composition and valuation of gross estate.
Elements of Donation:
Capacity of the Donor
The donor must be capacitated at the
time of the donation:
he has the right to transfer or dispose the
property (ownership)
he is mentally capable of entering into
donation, being a real contract (COCD)
he does not deprive his legal heirs.
Elements of Donation:
Donative Intent
Elements of Donation:
Donative Intent
Illustration:
Real Property not
used in Business
Personal Property not
used in Business
Real Property
used in Business
(Inventory)
Personal Property
used in Business
(Inventories and
Depreciable Assets
Elements of Donation:
Delivery of the Gift
Elements of Donation:
Acceptance of the Gift
Remember
The transfer of property is completed by
delivery, either actually or constructively, of
the donated property to the donee.
The transfer of property by gift is perfected
from the moment the donor knows of the
acceptance of the donee.
Classification of Donors
1. Residents and Citizens taxable globally
2. Non-resident Alien:
a. With reciprocity
b. Without reciprocity
Similar as to the classifications in Estate
Taxation.
xx
xx
xx
%
xx
xx
(xx)
xx
xx
xx
%
xx
(xx)
xx
Example:
Determine whether the following is a relative or
stranger to a donor:
Grandson
Sister-in-Law
Granddaughter of the grandson
Mother's Grandfather
First cousin's daughter
Half-sister
Stepbrother
Spouse
Remember
Gross Gift
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gross Gift
5. Renunciation by the surviving spouse of his/her share
in the conjugal partnership or absolute community after
the dissolution of the marriage in favor of the heirs of the
deceased spouse or any other person/s
6. Transfer for insufficient consideration, provided that it
is not in contemplation of death, revocable transfer or
transfer under general power of appointment. Otherwise,
it will be subject to estate tax.
Gross
Gift
1. As a rule, the value of the property/right donated shall
be the fair market value existing when the gift was
made (as of the time of donation).
2. The time to value is the moment when the donation
has been completed and perfected (delivered and
accepted).
3. When the donation is subject to a suspensive
condition, the value of the gift is to be determined
only at the time when the stipulated condition is
fulfilled, subject to the time of delivery and
acceptance of the gift.
Valuation
Methods
1. Real properties are valued at the assessed value or zonal
2.
3.
4.
a.
b.
Valuation: Usufruct
Usufruct is the legal right to use and enjoy the benefits and
profits of property belonging to another.
To determine the value of the right of usufruct, use of
habitation, as well as that of annuity, there shall be taken
into account the probable life of the beneficiary in
accordance with the latest Basic Standard Mortality Table
(BSMT), to be approved by the Secretary of Finance, upon
the recommendation of the Insurance Commission. [Sec.
88(A), NIRC]
Valuation: Usufruct
Example:
Z, Father, donated to A, a Filipino, a usufructuary
right over a family apartment building with an
annual rent income of P 300,000. The property is
registered in the name of As sister, B (owner of
naked title). A, who is 39 years old, will enjoy the
usufruct.
Valuation: Usufruct
Continuation...
Additional Information:
Zonal Value of the apartment at donation
Assessed Value of the apartment
Prevailing effective interest rate per year
BSMT life expectancy of male with 40 age
(As next birthday)
PV of P1 over 3 years at 10%
PV of P1 over 37 years at 10%
P 5M
3M
10%
37.36 years
2.487
9.706
Valuation: Usufruct
Continuation...
Required: Compute for the reportable usufruct value
of A and bare dominium value of B assuming that the
right to use the apartment (usufructuary) is:
1.Within 10 years
2.Life-long, without term limit
Valuation: Usufruct
Solution: IF within 10 years
Annual Value (5M x 10%)
P 500,000
Times PV of P1 over 3 years
2.487
Usufruct Value in the gross gift
P 1,243,500
FMV of property (higher)
Less: Usufruct Value
Bare Dominium Value of B
P 5,000,000
( 1,243,500)
P 3,756,000
Valuation: Usufruct
Solution: IF life-long, without limit
Annual Value (5M x 10%)
Times PV of P1 over 37 years
Usufruct Value in the gross gift
FMV of property (higher)
Less: Usufruct Value
Bare Dominium Value of B
500,000
9.706
P 4,853,000
P 5,000,000
( 4,853,000)
P 147,000
Example:
Donations of properties, with fair market values:
Land in Indonesia
P 1,000,000
Land and Building in the Philippines
1,500,000
Shares of stock of a domestic corporation
500,000
Shares of stock of a foreign corporation
400,000
Receivable from a friend (residing in the same
country as that of donor)
50,000
There was a transfer inter vivos (to take effect during the
lifetime of the transferor) of property in the country of the
transferor. Consideration received P 90,000;
Fair Market Value of the property at the time of transfer was
200,000
Cancellation of indebtedness of a resident of the country where
the transferor resides, as an act of liberality
20,000
Gross gift if the donor was a citizen or resident of the Philippines?
Example:
Mr. and Mrs. Matulungin made the following donations during the current calendar
year:
February 13
P 850,000
2,100,000
Required: Compute the donors tax due and payable on the donation.
393
Political Contributions
(Omnibus Election Code (OEC) and Repulic Act No. 7166)
394
Political Contributions
(Omnibus Election Code (OEC) and Repulic Act No. 7166)
Political Contributions
(Omnibus Election Code (OEC) and Repulic Act No. 7166)
Political Contributions
(Omnibus Election Code (OEC) and Repulic Act No. 7166)
Exemptions under
Special Laws
Destroyed Donations
Donors tax accrues upon the completion of the
donation, meaning upon delivery.
Gifts destroyed after they have been delivered
are considered as valid donations. Thus, even if it
had been destroyed already, the donation shall
be subject to donors tax still.
Total destruction has nothing to do with the
donors tax liability when the thing donated is
already delivered.
RC, NRC, RA
NRA
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Example: Dowry
Manny P made the following donations during the current
calendar year:
January 21, 2015
To A, eldest son, on account of his
marriage to be celebrated on February
14, 2015, a brand New Honda Civic
P 850,000
March 10, 2015
To B, older brother, on account of his
marriage to be celebrated on
May 1, 2015, a brand new passenger
Jeepney
450,000
The net gift is:
402
Example:
Mr. and Mrs. K, made the following donations of conjugal
funds and properties in 2014 (unless stated otherwise) as
follows:
February 14:
graduation
May 14:
Ls
June 14:
Example: (continuation)
September 14:
To O, the efficient and beautiful secretary of Mr. K for
taking care of K while Mrs. K is on vacation in USA, jewelry worth P
300,000.
October 14: To P, the honest and good looking driver of Mrs. K who
accompanied Mrs. K on her trip to USA, a diamond ring worth P 500,000.
December 14: To Q, the daughter of O on account of Qs birthday, pieces
of jewelry inherited by Mr. K during marriage, with a FMV of P 400,000.
December 25:
To R, a legitimate son, a residential house and lot with
FMV of P1,200,000 but subject to the condition that R would assume the
mortgage indebtedness in the amount of P400,000.
Determine the donors tax due on each donation for each spouse.
Example:
MAX, after winning the Jackpot prize of Mega Lotto, made the following donations
during the current calendar year:
February 14, 2015
- To City of Manila, Cash for the construction
of boxing gym
P 1,000,000
June 12, 2015
Example: (continuation)
On September 30, 2015 the car was totally
damaged by fire in a freak accident inMakati
City while Deo was on a date with his
girlfriend. The donor has not yet filed te
donors tax return on the September 21, 2015
donation.
406
COMPLIANCE
REQUIREMENTS FOR
DONATION
BUSINESS
TAXES
Concept of Business
A business is described as trade or
commercial activities which are regularly
engaged in as means of livelihood or with a
viewpoint of obtaining profit.
The sales of goods and services related to
trade, profession or business in the
Philippines are generally subject to business
taxes, except when exempted as provided by
law.
Characteristics of Taxable
Business Transactions
1.
2.
3.
4.
Regular Transactions;
Incidental transactions;
Transactions for profit or for non-for-profit;
Transactions consummated within the Philippines;
and
5. Lawful transactions
1. Regular Transactions
A business is generally characterized as performing habitual
systematic, continuous, and regular income generating
activities such as selling of goods or services tp customers
or clients.
It is not a performance of a single disconnected act or transacton
to obtain a gain.
The rule of regularity generally determines whether or not an
economic transaction is subject to business tax.
Exceptions:
a. Sale of services by a non-resident foreign person; and
b. Sale of goods by a non-resident foreign person
The sale of goods and services of these foreign individuals,
although not regular, are considered as being rendered in the
course of business and therefore, subject to VAT. (Sec.105,
NIRC, R.A. 9337; Sec. 4 105-3 Rev. Regs. 16-2005)
2. Incidental Transactions
In the course of Trade or Business is a phrase to describe
the regular conduct or pursuit of a commercial or
economic activity, including transactions incidental
thereto, to achieve the purpose for which the business is
created. (Sec. 105, NIRC)
Some incidental transactions subject to business taxes are:
a. Sale of scrap materials;
b. Sale of ordinary assets used in business other than
inventory
c. Transaction deemed sales
4. Transactions Consummated
within the Philippines
Business tax is imposed on transactions involving the use
or the consumption of goods or services. The imposition of
business tax follows the consumption or destination
principle. The place of sale is presumed to be the place of
consumption.
In addition, the Doctrine of Cross Border provides that
no business tax (particularly VAT) shall be imposed on
sales of products or services destined for the consumption
outside of the territorial border if the taxing authority. (RMC
No.74-99)
5. Lawful Transactions
Legally registered. Non-reregistration
of business
makes the business illegal; however, non-registration is
not a valid excuse to absolve the business from the
imposition of income and business tax.
Engaged in activities not contrary to law, morals,
good customs, public order or public policy.
As a rule, anything sold in the course of business must be
within the commerce of men and therefore, subject to
business tax. Taxpayers engaged in unlawful or illegal
transactions are not absolved income and business tax
plus corresponding surcharges and penalties.
Business:
1. Regular Transactions;
2. Incidental transactions;
3. Transactions for profit or
for non-for-profit;
4. Transactions consummated
within the Philippines; and
5. Lawful transactions
BUSINESSES
Non-Business:
1. Sale of Goods of a
non-residentsforeign person
(individual and corporation)
2. Sale of services of a
non-resident foreign person
(individual and corporation)
of
BUSINESS REGISTRATION
For regulation purposes, the State, through exercise
of its police power, requires a business to be
registered first before the commencement of its
economic activities. Non-compliance to business
registration renders the business illegal.
At the time the business is being registered, the
taxpayer will indicate in the BIR Form whether the
business is subject to VAT or OPT. If the products of
the business is harmful or non-essential, in addition
to VAT or OPT , the excise tax shall also ne imposed.
Initial Registration
The application for registration must be filed with the RDO
(Revenue District Office) where the principal place of
business, branch, storage place or premise is located, as the
case may be, before the start of the business.
The regsitration shall include the taxpayers name, residence,
business, the place where such business is carried on, and other
information as may be required by the Commissioner of the
Internal Revenue.
For identification purposes, a person who is subject to internal
revenue tax is issued with a Taxpayers Identification Number
(TIN).
Only one TIN will be assigned by the BIR for each person. Any
person who secures more than one TIN or who fails to indicate
his correct TIN on documents specified to be indicated with TIN
shall be subject to applicable criminal sanctions (Sec. 274,
NIRC).
Initial Registration
Upon registration, the person must pay an annual
registration fee in the amount of P500 for every
separate or distinct establishment or place of
business, before the start of such business and every
year thereafter on or before the 31st day of January.
(Sec. 236, NIRC)
The phrase separate or distinct establishment or place
of business includes the head office, branch, facility
and/or warehouse
BUSINESS TAXES
Under the NIRC (RA 8424), business taxes are classified as follows:
1. Value-Added Tax (VAT). It is a general consumption tax that
requires a 12% additional tax on the sales price of goods and/or
services by VAT-registered seller or VAT-registrable seller required
by law to be under VAT-system. As rule, businesses with gross
sales/receipts exceeding P1,919,500. Otherwise, subject to other
percentage tax.
2. Other Percentage Taxes (OPT). These are general consumption
taxes imposed to Non-VAT registered business whose total annual
gross sales/receipts do not exceed P1,919,500 or business
transactions specifically subject to OPT regardless of the total
amount of annual gross sales/receipts as provided by law. The
imposition of VAT and OPT are not simultaneously, rather they are
mutually exclusive.
BUSINESS TAXES
3. Excise Taxes (ET). The excise tax may still be
imposed in addition to VAT or OPT (Sec.129, NIRC).
Excise taxes are imposed on production or sales of
products that are:
a.Harmful to health such as alcohol or tobacco or sin
products;
b.Goods that are non-essential such as jewelries, perfumes,
and cars;
c.Products that deplete natural resources such as golds,
silver, copper and other mineral products that are
manufactured or produced in the Philippines; and
d.Some imported products to protect local industries.
Comparison:
VALUE-ADDED TAX
PERCENTAGE TAX
EXCISE TAX
A
tax
imposed
on
manufacturers
or
importers of sin products
and/or luxurious products
on
on
the
Taxes
on
MANUFACTURERS
or
IMPORTERS of cigars,
cigarettes, distilled spirits,
tobacco, wines, etc.
VALUE
ADDED TAX
Mandatory Registration
A taxpayers registration under VAT system becomes
compulsory when:
a. A taxpayer has realized gross sales/receipts of more
than P1,919,500 a year and these sales are not
exempted transactions under Section 109 (A) to (U)
of the NIRC.
b. His expected annual gross sales or receipts exceed
P1,919,500. (Rev. Regs. No. 16-2011, as amended)
There are reasonable grounds to believe that his
gross sales/receipts for the next 12 months shall
exceed P 1,919,500. (RMC No. 62 -2005)
Optional VAT-Registration
Optional VAT-registration may be accomplished by:
a. Persons with taxable business transactions that do not exceed
P1,919,500 per year but instead chose to register under VAT
system; or
b. VAT persons with mixed transactions who opted to apply VAT on
his VAT-exempt transactions. These are VAT-exempt persons
under Section 109 (A) to (U) of NIRC that chose to register under
VAT system upon business registration.
c. Franchise grantees of radio/TV broadcasting whose annual gross
receipts do not exceed P10 million may also elect to register under
VAT system.
Once registered as VAT person, the taxpayer shall be liable to output
VAT and be entitled to input VAT credit beginning on the first day of
the month following registration.
Example:
Gipit Merchandising had a gross sales in 2011 (initial year of
operations) of P1,450,000. In January 2012, it had the
following data (all figures do not include any taxes):
Inventory, January 1, purchased from
non-VAT suppliers P 15,000
Inventory, January 1, purchased from
VAT suppliers
20,000
Purchases for the month from VATregistered persons
70,000
Sales for the month 200,000
Percentage tax out of the transactions of January
Example:
Gipit Merchandising had a gross sales in 2011 (initial year
of operations) of P1,450,000. In January 2012, it had the
following data (all figures do not include any taxes):
Inventory, January 1, purchased from
non-VAT suppliers P 15,000
Inventory, January 1, purchased from
VAT suppliers
20,000
Purchases for the month from VATregistered persons
70,000
Sales for the month
200,000
VAT payable for January, if the taxpayer opted to be VATregistered.
441
Non-VAT Registration
A taxpayer who did not opt to register under
VAT system or whose gross sales/receipts does
not exceed P1,919,500 must register under nonVAT system. Such taxpayer is generally to other
percentage tax (OPT).
Example:
APPLE Trading is registered under non-VAT
business in 2015. in year, 2016, it generated P 2,000,000
sales. What are the implications to APPLE Trading
regarding its subsequent renewal of registration?
442
OUTPUT
VAT
On Importation
On Sale of
Services or Lease
of Properties
Gross
Receipts
derived from the
sale or exchange
of
services,
including the use or
lease of properties
INPUT
VAT
Purchase or Importation of
goods
Purchase of services on which
VAT has been actually paid.
Purchase of real properties
Transitional input tax
Presumptive Input VAT
Tax credits and VAT carry-over
NON-VAT Supplier
of GOODS &
SERVICES
VAT Supplier of
GOODS &
SERVICES
VAT Customers of
SERVICES
PRESUMPTIVE
TRANSITIONAL
SELLER
STANDARD
(to Government)
CAPITAL GOODS
VAT Customers
of GOODS
NON-VAT
Customers
EXPORTS
IMPORTATIONS of
Goods for SALE
DEEMED SALES
TREATMENT
1. Importation of Non-VAT
Exempt Goods by a VAT
person for business use
2. Importation of Non-VAT
Exempt Goods by a VAT
person for personal use
3. Importation of Non-VAT
Exempt Goods by a Non- VAT
person for business use
4. Importation of Non-VAT
Exempt Goods by a Non- VAT
person for personal use
Example:
An importer wishes to withdraw his importation
from the Bureau of Customs. The imported
goods were subjected to a 10% customs duty
in the amount of P12,500 and to other charges
in the amount of P9,500. The value-added tax
due is:
450
Example:
JD, a trader, is VAT taxpayer having the following
information regarding his sales during the month of
September 2014, exclusive of VAT:
Cash sales
P 200,000
Open Account Sales
500,000
Installment Sales
100,000
Note: Collection during the month for this sale
30,000
Consignment sales (net of VAT):
0-30 days old (on which there were remittances
from consignees of P200,000)
600,000
31 to 60 days old
700,000
61 days old and above
900,000
How much is the taxable sales?______________________
463
Illustration
Capital Assets
(Real Properties)
Capitals Gains
Taxes 6%
Capital Assets
(Personal Properties)
Normal Tax
Ordinary Assets
(Inventories)
Ordinary Assets
Other than Inventories
Residental Lot
Residential House
and Lot
Commercial Lots
Regardless of the
price, VAT
Depreciable Assets,
used in Business
VAT
Installments received
Xxx
Add:
Interest
xxx
Other charges
xxx
Xxx
Tax base
Xxx
Note: Upon full payment, if the zonal or market value is
higher than the total receipts or collections, the additional
VAT shall be paid accordingly.
Example:
Marimar, a dealer of real properties,
during the taxable year:
Item
Classification
Residential Lot
Inventory
Residential Lot
Inventory
Residential Dwelling Own dwelling
House and Lot
Inventory
Commercial Lot
Inventory
How much is the Output VAT?
valet services
food and beverages
corkage
handling charges for telephone, telex cable or fax services
cake shop sales
lease to concessionaires, and other services fee
Example:
Christine is a VAT-registered taxpayer engaged in buying and selling
business. During the year, she has the following information, VAT not
included:
Gross Sales (all sold on account)
P700,000
Sales returns and Allowances
30,000
Sales Discounts granted at the time of sale
(net method is used)
40,000
Warranty allowance for defective products
10,000
Cash discount given if credit is paid within 15 days
2% of net
sales
Purchases
210,000
Purchase returns and allowances
20,000
Purchase Discounts taken
10,000
The output VAT is
____________________
The input VAT is
____________________
490
Example:
A VAT taxpayer made the following purchases of capital
goods from VAT registered sellers for use in his business
(amounts are net of VAT) for the 3rd quarter:
Year 2011
Estimated Life
Cost
July 10 Machine 1
2 years
P 200,000
16 Machine 2
6 years
900,000
Aug. 8 Machine 3
2 years
400,000
20 Machine 4
6 years
500,000
Sept. 14 Machine 5
7 years
2,000,000
Machine 1 was retired on September 30, 2011. The input
tax in September is:
Example:
The taxpayer is a VAT taxpayer
Date in a month, VAT not included:
Sales of goods
Sales of fixed assets
No. 1, purchased from VAT taxpayer
No. 2, purchased from non-VAT taxpayer
Purchases of goods, from VAT supplier
Purchases of fixed assets from VAT suppliers:
No. 3, with useful life of 6 years
No. 4, with useful life of 8 years
No. 5, with useful life of 3 years
Value-added tax payable
______________________
1,500,000
200,000
100,000
400,000
900,000
2,000,000
1,300,000
496
Example:
Virgin is a producer of cooking oil from coconut and corn. Previously exempt
from the value-added tax, he became subject to the value-added tax on
January 1, 2010. For January 2010, with sales, value-added tax not included, of
P700,000, he had the following other data for the month:
Inventory, January 1, 2010:
NRV
Cost
Corn and coconut purchased
from farmers
P120,000
P100,000
Packaging materials purchased
from VAT suppliers
24,640
22,400
Supplies purchased from VAT
suppliers
11,200
13,440
Purchases during the month of coconut
and corn from farmers
330,000
Purchases during the month from VAT suppliers:
Packaging materials
56,000
Supplies
16,800
The value-added tax payable for the month is:
Example:
A taxpayer, engaged in processing and selling of sardines and mackerel, is
registered under the VAT system of January 1, 2014. His records during the
month show:
Value of inventory as of December 31, 2013,
Purchased from VAT-registered persons
P 370,000
VAT paid on inventory as of December 31, 2013
7,500
Value of inventory as of December 31, 2013
Purchased from non-VAT persons
200,000
Gross Cash Sales, net of VAT
340,000
Gross Credit Sales, inclusive of VAT
250,000
Export Sales of Sardines
500,000
Purchases of Raw sardines and mackerel used in the process 150,000
Imported Equipment from Germany on January 5, 2014
Cost, exclusive of VAT
1,100,000
Excise Taxes and Custom Duties
70,000
Useful Years
5 and a half year
Purchases of VAT-exempt goods
120,000
OTHER
PERCENTAGE
TAXES
Overview
To compliment the imposition of VAT, percentage taxes are
imposed:
1.If the gross sales or receipts of a non-VAT taxpayer
engaged in selling goods and services does not exceed P
1,919,500, and
2.If the taxpayer does not register himself under VAT
system
3.If the same non-VAT taxpayer breached the limit, he shall
be taxed at 12% even if not registered under VAT system.
His gross sales or receipts shall be subject to 3%
percentage tax. The tax is an expense to the taxpayer,
4% of the GP
2% of the GP
1% of the GP
Example:
Matuti operates a cockpit. Inside the cockpit, he also operates a
restaurant. Data for a particular quarter follow:
Gross receipts:
Cockpit operation
P 500,000
Restaurant operation:
Sale of food
100,000
Sale of liquor
150,000
The amusement tax due from Matuti is: _________________
Example:
Gloria invested P 500,000 in the shares
of stock of Tabako Corp. The
corporations shares are listed and are
traded in the local stock exchange.
Gloria sold the shares for P350,000
through the local stock exchange. The
percentage tax on the sale is:
_______________
518
Example:
As franchisee, it had the following data on revenues and receivables, taxes
not included:
Quarter ended 3/31/2009 operations: Revenues
Covered by the franchise
P 2,000,000
Not covered by the franchise
600,000
Receivables
Beginning
End
P 300,000
P 400,000
80,000
The business taxes, before any tax credit, if generating and selling
electricity: _______________
The business taxes, before any tax credit, if generating and selling gas and
water utilities: _____________
519
Example:
Marino is an owner of a small variety store. His gross
sales in any one year do not exceed P1,500,000. He is
not VAT-registered. The following data are taken from the
books of the variety store for the quarter ending March 31,
2009:
Merchandise inventory,
December 31, 2008
P 10,000
Gross sales
45,000
Purchases from VAT-registered supplier
38,500
The percentage tax due is:___________________
520
COMMUNITY
TAX
521
Overview
A community tax is a tax levied by cities
and municipalities on qualified individuals
and juridical persons who are domiciled in
the Philippines.
INTERESTS,
PENALTIES AND
SURCHARGES
Interest
In general, there shall be assessed and collected on any unpaid
amount of tax, interest at the rate of 20% per annum, or such
higher rate as may be prescribed by rules and regulations, from
the date prescribed for payment until the amount is fully paid.
1. Deficiency Interest Any deficiency in the tax due, as the term is
defined in the Tax Code, shall be subject to the interest at the rate
of 20% per annum, which interest shall be assessed and collected
from the date prescribed for its payment until the full payment
thereof.
Interest
2. Delinquency Interest Delinquency interest in case of
failure to pay:
1. The amount of the tax due on any return required to be
filed, or
2. The amount of the tax due for which no return is
required, or
3. A deficiency tax, or any surcharge or interest thereon on
the due date appearing in the notice and demand of the
CIR, there shall be assessed and collected on the unpaid
amount interest at the rate of 20% per annum until the
amount is fully paid, which interest shall form part of the
tax.
Interest
3. Interest on extended payment If any person
required to pay the tax is qualified and elects to pay the
tax on installment under the provisions of the Tax Code,
but fails to pay the tax or any installment thereof, or any
part of such amount of installment on or before the date
prescribed for its payment, or where the CIR has
authorized an extension of time within which to pay a tax
or a deficiency tax or any part thereof, there shall be
assessed and collected interest at the rate of 20% per
annum on the tax or deficiency tax or any part thereof
unpaid from the date of notice and demand until it is paid
Example:
Taxpayer was assessed deficiency income tax of
P200, 000 payable on or before June 15, 2012.
Within the period however, he was only able to
pay P100, 000 and the balance only on August
30, 2012. The total tax due that he is liable
should be:
Example:
X filed his ITR and paid the tax shown thereon in
full on April 15, 2011. On April 15, 2012, X
received an assessment notice and demand from
BIR to pay a deficiency tax of P20, 000 excluding
surcharge and interest on or before April 30,
2012. How much is the total amount of tax
payable as shown in the assessment notice if
BIR found out fraud?
537
Surcharges
1. Simple Neglect (25%)
Failure to file any return and pay the tax due thereon.
If the return is not filed with the proper internal revenue
officer.
Failure to pay on time the deficiency tax shown in the
notice of assessment.
Failure to pay the full or part of the amount of tax shown on
any return required to be filed, or the full amount of tax due
for which no return is required to be filed, on or before the
date prescribed for its payment.
538
Surcharges
2. Willful Neglect (50%)
Willful neglect to file the return on time.
False or fraudulent return is willfully filed (failure to report
sales, receipts or income in an amount exceeding 30% of
that declared per return, and a claim of deductions in an
amount exceeding 30% of actual deductions, shall render
the taxpayer liable for substantial under-declaration of
sales, receipts or income or for substantial overstatement
of deductions, thus making the return filed false or
fraudulent).
Example:
Miramars income tax for 2010 was P75, 000,
as shown in her income tax return (ITR). She
filed her return only on July 15, 2012 and paid
the total amount upon filing the return. The total
amount payable assuming there was fraud
should be:
Example:
Mirant Corporation filed its final adjustment income tax return for
calendar year 2007 with a taxable income of P500,000. At the
applicable income tax rate of 35% for the year 2007, its income tax
amounted to P175,000. However, upon investigation, it was disclosed
that its income tax return was false or fraudulent because it did not
report a taxable income amounting to another P500,000. On its taxable
income of P1,000,000, per investigation, the income tax due is
P350,000. Deducting its payment per return filed, the deficiency,
excluding penalties, amounted to P175,000. It was duly informed of
this finding through a Preliminary Assessment Notice. Failing to protest
on time against the preliminary assessment notice, a formal letter of
demand and assessment notice was issued on May 31, 2009 calling
for payment of the deficiency income tax on or before June 30, 2009.
The total amount due per the assessment notice is:
541
TAX
REMEDIES
542
Overview
Overview
Remedies to the
State
Common
Remedies
Remedies to the
Taxpayer
Compromise
Protest
Collection
Abatement
Refund
2. JUDICIAL LEVEL
Civil Suit/Action
Appeal to CTA
Criminal Suit/
Action
TRO/ Injunction
Criminal Suit
against erring BIR
officials
3 years
5 years
Example:
Anita filed her annual income tax return
on April 3, 2015 for her income last
2014. Until what day can the Bureau of
Internal Revenue make its assessment?
Example:
Anita filed her annual income tax return
on May 3, 2015 for her income last 2014.
Until what day can the Bureau of Internal
Revenue make a collection if there
should be an assessment?
551
552
5 years
Example:
XYZ Corporation filed its annual income
tax return on April 10, 2015. On October 3,
2016, it was found out that the return filed
was fraudulent. Until what day can the
Bureau of Internal Revenue make a
collection?
Example:
XYZ Corporation filed its annual income
tax return on April 10, 2015. On October
3, 2016, it was found out that the return
filed was fraudulent. Until what day can
the Bureau of Internal Revenue make a
collection if there should be an
assessment?
555
Pre-Assessment Notice
The PAN is not required in the following cases:
a. When the deficiency tax is a result of mathematical errors in the
computations appearing on the face of the return;
b. When a discrepancy has been determined between the tax
withheld and the amount actually remitted by the withholding
agent;
c. When a taxpayer who opted to claim tax refund or credit of
excess creditable withholding tax for a taxable period was
determined to have carried over and automatically applied the
same amount against the estimated tax liabilities for the taxable
quarter or quarters of the succeeding taxable years;
d. When the excise tax due on excisable articles has not been paid;
e. When an article locally purchased or imported by an exempt
person has been sold, traded or transferred to non-exempt
persons.
556
2.
3.
End of Audit/Investigation
Preparation of report of investigation showing preliminary findings
Notice of Informal Conference RR No. 18 -2013 removed the
requirement for the issuance of a letter of informal conference
before a Preliminary Assessment Notice (PAN) is issued.
Return filed was false or fraudulent with intent to evade the tax or no
return is filed.
Collection with prior assessment - within 5 years from the date of assessment,
either by summary proceedings of distraint and levy or judicial proceedings.
Collection without prior assessment - within 10 years after the discovery of the
falsity, fraud or omission to file the return, by judicial proceedings only.
CONSTRUCTIVE DISTRAINT
LEVY
Personal Property
Real Property
Forfeiture by the
government is not provided.
Forfeiture is authorized
Garnishment
2. As to disposition for
Forfeited in favor of the Purchased
by
the
want of bidders or bids government then sold to government then resold
inadequate to satisfy tax meet the deficiency.
to meet the deficiency.
deficiency
3. As to advertisement for Advertisement once a No advertisement
sale
week for three weeks.
required.
is
Background
In March 2005, the BIR and the DOF launched the Run After
Tax Evaders (RATE) Program.
Since March 2005, 87 complaints of tax evasion have been
submitted to the Department of Justice (DOJ) for preliminary
investigation under the RATE Program, including those filed
against actors, businessmen, public officials and other high
profile personalities.
The BIR registered a record income tax collection in 15 April
2005 of P21.4 Billion or a 43.6% increase from the P14.8
Billion collected compared to the previous year.
But almost 5 years after the programs launch, only 6 out of
the 87 complaints for tax evasion submitted to the DOJ
progressed to the filing of criminal cases in court.
Oplan Kandado
On January 23, 2009, the BIR issued Revenue
Memorandum Order No. 3 2009 to implement a
nationwide Oplan Kandado Program
Under the program, business operations of non-compliant
taxpayers will be suspended and their establishments will
be temporarily closed if they will be found to have violated
certain tax laws.
The programs aims to intensify the Bureaus enforcement
operations through strict imposition of prescribed
administrative sanctions for non-compliance with the basic
tax requirements.
Oplan Kandado
Grounds for suspension:
Failure to issue receipts or invoices by a VATregistered or registrable taxpayer;
Failure to file a VAT return;
Understatement of taxable sales or receipts by
30% or more of the correct amount thereof in the
case of a VAT-registered or registrable taxpayer;
Failure to register
Oplan Kandado
The closure of the business establishment shall last for a
period of not less than five (5) days, and shall be in force
until the violation is rectified by the concerned taxpayer.
The suspension and temporary closure of business shall
not preclude the BIR from filing the appropriate charges
under the RATE Program of the Bureau, if evidence so
warrants the taxpayer concerned or responsible office of
the corporations.
Oplan Kandado
The closure order shall only be lifted by the BIR when there
has been:
1. A subsequent filing or amendment of returns with the
payment of the tax inclusive of statutory penalties;
Subsequent registration with the payment of the
corresponding compromise penalties
Payment of deficiency taxes inclusive of penalties
corresponding to the sales where no invoices/receipts have
been issued; and
Payment of deficiency taxes inclusive of penalties
corresponding to the understatement of taxable sales or
receipts.
Summary of Remedies to
Government
Administrative Remedies
Assessment
Collection
Judicial Remedies
Protesting an Assessment
Notice of Informal
Conference
Assessment and
Respond
Demand
Notice
15 days
Respond
15 days
30 days 60 days
Submit supporting
documents
Supporting
Documents
submitted
Appeal to CTA
Example:
Date assessment was received - February 8, 2009.
Petition for reconsideration was filed with the Bureau of
Internal Revenue of February 18, 2009. Documents
supporting the petition were filed with the Bureau of
Internal Revenue on February 28, 2009. Decision of
denial of the petition was received on March 11, 2009.
Second request for reconsideration was filed with the
Bureau of Internal Revenue on March 21, 2009. Date
revised assessment was received was April 2, 2009. Last
day to appeal to the Court of Tax Appeals:
Example:
581
Example:
582
Example:
On January 20, 2008, a taxpayer filed a protest on/request
for reconsideration of an assessment of a tax. He received
a final decision of the Bureau of Internal Revenue on the
protest on April 30, 2008. He failed to appeal to the
decision to the Court of Tax Appeals. The Bureau of
Internal Revenue was collecting the tax by summary
proceedings on June 20, 2013. The taxpayer was
opposing the collection of the tax on the ground of
prescription of the government to collect. When shall be
the last day to collect?
583
584
30
days
2 years
Date of
Payment
30 days
Example:
Date of tax erroneously paid
June 10, 2013
Date of claim for refund was filed
with BIR
March 3, 2015
Date of BIR decision of denial was
received
April 5, 2015
Last day to appeal to the Court of Tax Appeals is on:
Example:
590
Delinquent accounts
Cases under administrative protests
Civil tax cases being disputed before the courts
Collection cases filed in courts
Criminal violation, other than those already filed in court or
those involving criminal tax refunds.
End of
Discussion