Amandine Cornet

Ally Gerard
Aaron Radparvar
Megan Rich

1848

Political
Victorian Era reigns in England
Height of British rebellion
(Liberal) Reform Bill of 1832- created new electoral districts in urban areas
Sepoy Rebellion
French Revolution of 1830 Louis Philippe became king (citizen king) government
collapsed Second French Republic with Napoleon III (part of the revs of 1848)
Revolts of 1848: nationalism and liberalism
Mazzini: Young Italy movement to establish a liberal republic Austrians intervened
Frederick William rejected the Frankfurt assemblys plan for a constitutional monarchy
(Germany)
Nicholas I helped Francis Joseph defeat the Hungarian resistance in the Austrian
Empire
Crimean War (1853-1856)
Anti-Corn Law League: political movement
Alexander I establishes a royal dictatorship in Yugoslavia

Economic
Corn Laws, which imposed restrictions and tariffs on imported grain, were repealed in

Britain
Napoleon III: free-trade policies, industrial production, railroad mileage
Anti-Corn Law League: goals to protect landowners interest by attempting to abolish
the widely unpopular Corn Laws

Religious
The Church preached order, submission to authority, and an afterlife where true freedom
could be achieved
Pope Pius IX opposed Italian nationalism
Swiss people were undergoing a civil war; people were divided over language and religion;
Cantons (groups) were mostly Catholic

Social
Bourgeoisie desired a constitutional monarchy which would favor them in a qualified
franchise

Proletariat were apart of socialist revolts whereas country peasants only desired freedom of
movement and serfdom
Chartist Movement in Britain
Demanded universal suffrage and equal electoral districts
Italian Carbonari hoped to drive out Austrians and unify Italy Metternich sent in Austrian
troops to restore order

Intellectual
Karl Marx and friedrich engels : Communist Manifesto
Metternich: Conservatism- Congress of Vienna
Romanticism


Artistic
Eugene Delacroix captured the spirit of the French Revolution of 1830 in Liberty Leading the
People
Corot
Dance of the nymphs(1850)
Daumier
The uprising (1848)
Millet
The winnower(1848),
Realism
Rejected Romanticism
Focused on common people and everyday activities
Criticized greed of wealthy
Dickens: Hard Times
Courbet : Burial at Ornans


1929

Political
Mussolini: Fascist State
Hitlers Nuremberg Laws/ Gestapo arrested anyone opposed to Nazi rule
Munich Conference
Chamberlain; policy of appeasement
Kellogg-Briand Pact- international agreement, vow to resolve disputes or conflicts from WWII

Economic
Great Depression
Lenin: New Economic Policy (temporary compromise with capitalism) 1928: Stalins Five
Year Plan- socialist command economy/ collective agriculture