AnnotatedBibliography

1. Goozner,Merrill."TheTenLargestGlobalBusinessCorruptionCases."
The
FiscalTimes
.TheFiscalTimes,13Dec.2011.Web.10Nov.2015.
TheJusticeDepartmentonTuesdaylodgedcriminalchargesagainstseven
formerexecutivesofSiemensAG,whoengagedinadecadelongschemeto
bribetopArgentineofficialstowinabilliondollargovernmentcontract.The
criminalcasesstemfroma$1.6billiondisgorgementsettlementin2008,which
wasthelargesteverbroughtundertheU.S.ForeignCorruptPracticesAct.
2. "ForeignCorruptPracticesAct."
ForeignCorruptPracticesAct
.U.S.
DepartmentofJustice,1977.Web.9Nov.2015.
TheForeignCorruptPracticesActof1977,asamended,15U.S.C.78dd1,
etseq.("FCPA"),wasenactedforthepurposeofmakingitunlawfulforcertain
classesofpersonsandentitiestomakepaymentstoforeigngovernmentofficials
toassistinobtainingorretainingbusiness.
3. Sector,Known."World'sMostCorruptIndustries."
CNNMoney
.CableNews
Network,2Dec.2014.Web.8Nov.2015.
Knownastheextractivesector,oilandminingtopsanewlistoftheworld'smost
corruptindustries.Constructionandtransportationmakeupthetopthree,
accordingtoareportbytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationand
Development.
4. "UNITEDSTATESv.TURKETTE."SupremeCourtofUnitedStates.,17June
1981.Web.11Nov.2015.
CountNineofaninecountindictmentchargedrespondentand12otherswith
[2]
conspiracytoconductandparticipateintheaffairsofanenterprise
engagedin
interstatecommerce579*579throughapatternofracketeeringactivities,in
violationof18U.S.C.1962(d)
5. "ARTHURANDERSENLLPv.UNITEDSTATES."SupremeCourtofUnited
States.,31May2005.Web.12Nov.2015.
AsEnronCorporation'sfinancialdifficultiesbecamepublicin2001,petitioner
ArthurAndersenLLP,Enron'sauditor,instructeditsemployeestodestroy
documentspursuanttoitsdocumentretentionpolicy.Ajuryfoundthatthisaction
madepetitionerguiltyofviolating18U.S.C.1512(b)(2)(A)and(B).
6. "B.F.HIRSCH,Appellee,v.ENRIGHTREFININGCOMPANY,INC.,
Appellant."UnitedStatesCourtofAppeals,ThirdCircuit.,31Dec.1984.
Web.13Nov.2015.
FromDecember1977toOctober1980,theplaintiffdidnotemploytheservices
ofthedefendant,butsenttheirscrapstoacompetingrefiner.InOctoberand

Novemberof1980,theplaintiffsenttwolargeshipmentstothedefendant.The
defendant,inadditiontotherefiningandhandlingfees,andwithoutdisclosureto
theplaintiff,assesseda2%retainageforgoldanda5%retainageforsilver.The
valueofthegoldandsilvernotreturnedinthesetwoshipmentswasstipulatedto
be$98,979.65.
7. "AUSTIN,MICHIGANSECRETARYOFSTATE,ETAL.v.MICHIGANSTATE
CHAMBEROFCOMMERCE."SupremeCourtofUnitedStates,27Mar.1990.
Web.14Nov.2015.
Inthisappeal,wemustdeterminewhether54(1)oftheMichiganCampaign
FinanceAct,1976Mich.Pub.Acts388,violateseithertheFirstortheFourteenth
AmendmenttotheConstitution.Section54(1)prohibitscorporationsfromusing
corporatetreasuryfundsforindependentexpendituresinsupportof,orin
oppositionto,anycandidateinelectionsforstateoffice.Mich.Comp.Laws
169.254(1)(1979).Corporations655*655areallowed,however,tomakesuch
expendituresfromsegregatedfundsusedsolelyforpoliticalpurposes.
169.255(1).InresponsetoachallengebroughtbytheMichiganStateChamber
ofCommerce(Chamber),theSixthCircuitheldthat54(1)couldnotbeapplied
totheChamber,aMichigannonprofitcorporation,withoutviolatingtheFirst
Amendment.856F.2d783(1988).
8. "Brittinghamv.MobilCorp."UnitedStatesCourtofAppeals,ThirdCircuit.,
23Aug.1991.Web.15Nov.2015.
In1989,MobilChemicalCompany("MobilChemical")beganproducingand
marketingHefty"degradable"garbagebags.MobilChemicalisan
unincorporateddivisionofdefendantMobilOilCorporation("MobilOil"),whichin
turnisawhollyownedsubsidiaryofdefendantMobilCorporation("Mobil").The
degradablebagswereadvertisedasbeinglessharmfultotheenvironmentthan
othertypesofbags.Plaintiffsareindividualconsumerswhopurchasedthebags.
Plaintiffscontendthattheseclaimswerefalseandmisleading"becausethebags
willnotdegradeafterbeingplacedinamodernlandfill,andtheplasticwillnot
even`breakdown'into`harmlessparticles'butwillsimplybreakintosmaller
plasticparticles."
9. "JINROAMERICAINC.v.SECUREINVESTMENTS,INC."UnitedStates
CourtofAppeals,NinthCircuit.,5Dec.2001.Web.16Nov.2015.
Whentheparties'dealunraveled,Jinrosuedthedefendantstorecovermillions
ofdollarsforbreachofcontract,fraudandracketeering,butweremetwiththe
defendants'claimthatthetransactionwasasham.Thedefendantsarguedthat
thechickendealwasdesignedtocoverupahighriskinvestmentprogramthat
circumventedKorea'scurrencyregulations.

10. "UNITEDSTATEofAmericav.AngelaMariaGomezAGUILAR."United
StatesDistrictCourt,C.D.California.,20Apr.2011.Web.15Nov.2015.
OnOctober21,2010,theGovernmentfiledaFirstSupersedingIndictment
("FSI")chargingdefendantsKeithE.Lindsey,SteveK.Lee,andLindsey
ManufacturingCompany("theLindseyDefendants")withconspiracytoviolate
theForeignCorruptPracticesAct("FCPA"),aswellassubstantiveviolationsof
[1]
theFCPA.
ThegistoftheallegationsintheFSIisthattheLindseyDefendants
paidbribestotwohighrankingemployeesoftheComisinFederalde
Electricidad("CFE"),anelectricutilitycompanywhollyownedbytheMexican
government.LindseyManufacturingCompany("LMC")funneledthealleged
bribestotheseemployees(NestorMorenoandArturoHernandez)bymaking
paymentstoGrupoInternational("Grupo"),acompanyownedandcontrolledby
theAguilarDefendants.

11.Byrne,Elaine."DefinitionsandTypesofCorruption."
DefinitionsandTypesof
Corruption:ElaineByrneAcademic,Journalist,Consultant
.31July2009.Web.
10Dec.2015.

Systemiccorruption
Asopposedtoexploitingoccasionalopportunities,
endemic
or
systemic
corruptioniswhencorruptionisanintegratedandessentialaspectofthe
economic,socialandpoliticalsystem,whenitisembeddedinawidersituation
thathelpssustainit.Systemiccorruptionisnotaspecialcategoryofcorrupt
practice,butratherasituationinwhichthemajorinstitutionsandprocessesof
thestateareroutinelydominatedandusedbycorruptindividualsandgroups,
andinwhichmostpeoplehavenoalternativestodealingwithcorruptofficials.
ExamplesmightincludecontemporaryBangladesh,Nigeria,Kenya,Cameroon
andmanyothers.

12.McKeever,M.P.(n.d.).
Howtowriteabusinessplan
.

13.Thompson,M.,Giabrone,M.,&Root,H.(n.d.).
Thesmallbusinessstartup
guide:Asurefireblueprinttosuccessfullylaunchyourownbusiness
.

14.Barringer,B.R.(n.d.).
Launchingabusiness:Thefirst100days
.