E l g lu có g e n o co m ie n za

co n ra m ifica cio n e s re d u cto ra s

In te g ra c ió n d e l G lu c ó g e n o y n o re d u cto ra s
M ig u e l H u m b e rto A ra g ó n C o ro n a d o E n z im a R a m ific a n te
M e ta b o lis m o IT E S M C h ih u a h u a
G lu c ó g e n o F o s fo rila s a

G e n é tica M o le cu la r G lu có g e n o lin e a l S e lib e ra e l re sid u o re sta n te S e fo sfo rila n g lu co sa s p a ra

co m o G lu co sa se p a ra rla s d e la s ca d e n a s
h a sta q u e q u e d a n so lo 4 re sid u o s
G lu c ó g e n o S in ta s a
+
H
E n z im a D e s ra m ific a n te L ip o p ro te ín a s
G lu c ó g e n o
H 2O U D P -G lu c o s a F o s fo rila s a
E n z im a
CO2 2Pi PPi D e s ra m ific a n te
U D P -g lu c o s a S e tra n sfie re n 3 d e lo s re sid u o s
p iro fo s fo rila s a re sta n te s a u n a ca d e n a n o re d u cto ra
UDP S e fo sfo rila n u n a ve s m a s d e ja n d o so lo 1 re sid u o e n la
3 -C e to -6 -fo sfo - lo s re sid u o s d e la s ca d e n a s ra m ifica ció n .
R ib u lo sa -5 -fo sfa to G lu co sa -1 -fo s fa to d e ja n d o la "D e x trin a L im ite "
g lu co n a to +
6 -F o sfo g lu c o n a to NADPH + H
d e sh id ro g e n a s a
+
1 ,2 ,3 -T rig lic é rid o
R ib o sa fo sfa to NADP F o s fo g lu c o m u ta s a
iso m e ra sa
H 2O
6 -F o sfo -g lu co n a to
G lu co sa -1 ,6 -b is fo s fa to
R ib u lo sa -3 - + ADP ATP
e p im e ra sa R ib o sa -5 -fo sfa to H
G lu c o n o la c to n a s a
G lu c o s a -6 -fo s fa to
H 2O d e s h id ro g e n a s a G lu c o s a -6 -fo s fa to H e x o q u in a s a G lu c o s a 1 ,2 -D ig lic é rid o
6 -F o sfo -D -G lu co n o la cto n a +
H 2O
+ NADP
NADPH + H
F o s fo g lu c o s a
is o m e ra s a G lu c o s a -6 -fo s fa ta s a Pi
H 2O
X ilu lo sa -5 -fo sfa to T ra n sce to la s a

S e d o h e p tu lo sa -7 -fo sfa to F ru c to s a -6 -fo s fa to

ATP
Pi M o n o g lic é rid o
F o s fo fru c to -
H 2O
F ru c to s a b is fo s fa ta s a
q u in a s a
T ra n s a ld o la s a
ADP NADH G lic e ro l
H 2O
G lice ra ld e h íd o -3 -fo sfa to F ru c to s a -1 ,6 -b is fo s fa to
A ld o la s a
T ra n s c e to la s a

E ritro sa -4 -fo sfa to D ih id ro x ia c e to n a -fo s fa to G lic e ra ld e h id o

T rio s a -fo s fa to
is o m e ra s a

G lic e ra ld e h id o -3 -fo s fa to ATP L ip a sa

+ + AMP + PPi ATP + CoA
Pi + NAD NAD + Pi
G lic e ra ld e h id o -3 -fo s fa to
d e s h id ro g e n a s a
+ +
A c il-C o A A c id o s G ra s o s
NADH + H NADH + H C a rn itin a
P ro te ín a s A c il tra n s fe ra s a I
G lic e ra to -1 ,3 -b is fo s fa to CoASH E lo n g a c ió n
ADP
A c il-C a rn itin a
H 2O ADP
F o s fo g lic e ra to q u in a s a
P a lm ita to
α -C e to g lu ta ra to α -A m in o a cid o s ATP ATP A c il-C a rn itin a A C P -S H
CoASH
G lic e ra to -3 -fo s fa to A c il tra n s fe ra s a II
H 2O
C a rn itin a
F o s fo g lic e ra to m u ta s a A c il-C o A
P irid o x a l-fo s fa to FAD
+
P a lm ito il-C o A
NADH A c il-C o A
d e s h id ro g e n a s a
FADH2
G lu ta m a to T ra n s a m in a s a G lic e ra to -2 -fo s fa to
d e h id ro g e n a sa T ra n s -Δ -e n o il-C o A 6 C ic lo s
A la n in a E n o il-C o A H 2O
G lu ta m a to α -C e to a cid o s E n o la s a h id ra ta s a
A la n in a
H 2O B u tiril-A C P
P irid o x a l tra n s a m in a s a TPP NADP
+
C iste in a fo s fa to
P iru v a to 3 -L -H id ro x ia c il-C o A
F o s fo e n o lp iru v a to d e s h id ro g e n a s a
NADP
+
+
2 ,3 -tra n s-e n o il-A C P
ADP CO2 NADPH + H re d u cta sa
3 -L -H id ro x ia c il-C o A
C is te in a
d e s h id ro g e n a s a +
d e s u lfh id ra s a P iru v a to NADPH + H
S e rin a q u in a s a H id ro x ie til-T P P C ro to n il-A C P
H 2S
S e rin a h id ro x i m e til
tra n s fe ra s a S e rin a
ATP D ih id ro lip o il β -C e to a c il-C o A H 2O
P irid o x a l GDP + CO2 tra n s a c e tila s a β -3 -H id ro xia cil-A C P
P irid o x a l d e h id ra ta s a NH4 P iru v a to CoASH
d e sh id ra ta sa
fo s fa to H 2O PEPCK
TPP
fo s fa to A c il-C o A
GTP CoASH A c e til-lip o a m id a β -3 -H id ro x ib u tiril-A C P
+
G licin a H 2O A m in o a crila to D ih id ro lip o il +
NH4 d e s h id ro g e n a s a β -C e to a c il-C o A NADP
ATP + CO2 tio la s a β -C e to a c il-A C P
P iru v a to NADH
+ re d u c ta s a
NH4 NADPH + H
c a rb o x ila s a
A c e til-C o A
CO2 + ATP A m in o a ce to n a ADP + Pi
T ra n s a c ila s a
A c e to a c e til-A C P
T re o n in a CoASH CO2
P irid o x a l β -C e to a c il-A C P
fo s fa to
d e h id ra ta s a
O x a la c e ta to A c e til-A C P s in ta s a
M a la to
H 2O C O 2+ A T P
d e s h id ro g e n a s a A c e til-C o A
C a rb a m o il-fo sfa to + C itra to s in ta s a
sin te ta sa NADH + H c a rb o x ila s a
T re o n in a A s p a rta to a m in o ADP+Pi M a lo n il-A C P T rip to fa n o
tra n s fe ra s a NAD
+ C itra to
M a lo n il-C o A
C a rb a m o il-fo sfa to A sp a ra g in a G lu + A M P + P P i P irid o x a l M a la to M a lo n il
CoASH F e n ila la n in a
fo s fa to
C iclo d e K re b s A C P -S H tra n s a c ila s a L is in a
H 2O
A s p a ra g in a s in te ta s a P irid o x a l
A sp a ra g in a s a F u m a ra s a A c o n ita s a
fo s fa to L e u c in a
G lu N H 2 + A T P T iro s in a
NH4 T io la s a L e u cin a
O rn itin a
tra n sca rb a m o ila sa A sp a rta to H 2O
T ra n sp o rte d e E le ctro n e s tra n sa m in a sa

C itru lin a α -C e to is o c a p ro a to
F u m a ra to Is o c itra to A c e to a c e til-C o A
O rn itin a Pi NADH + CO2
CoASH
A rg in in o su ccin a to ATP FADH2
sin te ta sa C O 2 + H 2O + A T P + 1 A c e til-C o A
AMP + PPi NAD
+
β -M e til-g lu ta c o n il-C o A Is o v a le ril-C o A
S u c c in a to ATP Is o c itra to H M G -C o A
d e s h id ro g e n a s a ATP + CO2
A rg in in o su ccin a to FAD d e s h id ro g e n a s a s in ta s a
H 2O
ADP NADH + H
+ FADH2
GTP CO2
S u ccin a to β -M e tilc ro to n il-C o A
A rg in a sa
A rg in in o su ccin a to GDP β -H id ro x i-
Pi
lia sa
CoASH α -C e to g lu ta ra to
S u c c in il-C o A
α -C e to g lu ta ra to
β -m e tilg u a ril-C o A
s in te ta s a
d e s h id ro g e n a s a 2H + 2NADPH
H M G -C o A
A rg in in a S u c c in il-C o A NAD
+ NADH re d u c ta s a

+ G lu ta m in a G lu ta m in a 2NADP + CoASH
+

NADH + H S in te ta s a
M e tilm a lo n il-C o A ATP H 2O M e v a lo n a to C o le s te ro l
m u ta s a G lu ta m in a s a
NH4 ATP
U re a NH4 M e v a lo n a to NADP
+

L -M e tilm a lo n il-C o A ATP + NADH q u in a s a

H 2O
G lu ta m a to q u in a s a
G lu ta m a to H is tid in a ADP NADPH + H
V a lin a M e tilm a lo n il-C o A d e s h id ro g e n a s a
ra c e m a s a F o s fo m e v a lo n a to
D -M e tilm a lo n il-C o A P irid o x a l-fo s fa to ATP
D e s h id ro C o le s te ro l
G lu ta m a to F o s fo m e v a lo n a to
S -A d e n o sil- O rn itin a O rn itin a A rg in in a q u in a s a

Iso le u cin a P ro p io n il-C o A

s e m ia ld e h id o T ra n s a m in a s a ADP
h o m o ciste in a AMP + PPi
CH3 c a rb o x ila s a 19
CoASH
5 -P iro fo s fo m e v a lo n a to
CO2 + ATP H 2O re a c c io n e s
C a te co l-O -m e til ATP
tra n sfe ra sa
H 2O P ro p io n il-C o A Δ ´-P irro lin a -5 - P iro fo s fo m e v a lo n a to
d e s c a rb o x ic ila s a
S -A d e n o s il- c a rb o x ila to ADP + Pi +CO 2
A d e n o s in a A ce til-C o A NADH
m e tio n in a P irro lin a -c a rb o x ila to
re d u c ta s a
Is o p e n te n il p iro fo s fa to
is o m e ra s a
Is o p re n il-p iro fo s fa to L a n o s te ro l
CO2 + NADH
+
H
P+PPi M e tio n in a H o m o ciste in a S e rin a P ro lin a D im e tia lil-p iro fo s fa to
D im e tila lil
tra n s fe ra s a
O xid o e scu a le n o
A d e n o sin a la n o ste ro l cicla sa
T ra n sfe ra sa H o m o ciste in a
α -C e to b u ta ra to PPi
ATP H o m o ciste in a m e til sin ta sa P irid o x a l-fo s fa to
tra n sfe ra sa
H 2O G e ra n il-p iro fo s fa to E s c u a le n o -2 ,3 -e p o x id o
M e tio n in a C ista tio n in a NADP
+

H 2O G e ra n il tra n s fe ra s a
C ista tio n in a lia sa P irid o x a l-fo s fa to NH4 NADPH + H E scu a le n o
PPi m o n o o xig e n a sa

C iste in a H o m o se rin a F e rn a s il-p iro fo s fa to E s c u a le n o

F e rn a s il tra n s fe ra s a