Grammaire Finale

02/18/2016

Chapitre 1
Present Indicative
Usages
o Descrive what is happening currently,near
future,future,past
Near future

Aller+infinitif

Make generalizations or peak about habitable actions

Pronominal Verbs
also called reflexive
use (me,te,se,nous vous,se)
for past tense use etre
Infinitive
This means the verb is not conjugated
Happens
o When you use a verb after a conjugated verb
Imperatives
Usages
o Commands
o Sil te plat
Formation

Camille Streeter
French 202

Er verbs

drop the s for the tu

use toi for inverted commands

Faire Causif
o use faire + infinitif
Chapitre 2

Descriptive Adjectives

The Basics
o the adjetif goes after the noun normallly
o Pour adjectifs masculin
singulaire
keep the original form
Ex : Impoli
pluriel
add s
Ex : implois
o Pour adjectifs fminin
singulaire
add e to the orignal form
Ex : Impolie
pluriel

Camille Streeter
French 202
add es to the original form
Ex : Impolies
o If the adjetif ends in -e
Fminin singular and plural stay the same
If the adjetif ends in -s
masculin singular and plural stay the same
If the adjetif ends in er or f
Fminin
Add re to er adjetifs
Add ve to f adjetifs
masculin
Add er to er adjetifs
Add f to f adjetifs
Irregular adjetifs
o Somes times adjetifs are before the noun
o If the adjetif fits under the desciption acronym
Beauty (beaux/belle)
Examples
Masculine : bel
Fminin : belle
Age (jeune/vieil)

Camille Streeter
French 202
Example
Masculine :vieil
Fminin : vieille
Number (deux/trois)
Example
Masculine :nouvel
Fminin :nouvelle
Goodness (bon/douce)
Example
Masculine :fol
Fminin :folles
Size (grand/ petite)
Example
Masculine :grand
Fminin :grande
Postions of Adjetifs
o Ancien : Old
Example
Mon ancienne maision
My former house
Une maision acienne

How to use the adjetif Tout :meaning entire or all

Singulaire
Pluaral

Masculine
Tout
Tous

Fminine
Toute
Toutes

How to use the Pronom Tout :meaning everyone or all of

them
Singulaire
Pluaral

Masculine
Tout
Tous

Fminine
Tout
Toutes

Camille Streeter
French 202

How to form a Question

Basics
o Est-ce que
Always at the beginning of the sentence
Ex : Est-ce que il est arriv
o Inversion
Invert the verb and subject
Ex : Est-il arriv
o Using negative
you could ad dit at the end of the sentence
Ex :Tu aimes jouer de la guitare, nest-ce pas ?

Camille Streeter
French 202

Il

o Just using your voice

Raise your voice at the end
Specfic Questions
o Quand : when
o Combien du : how much
o Comment : How
o O : Where
o Pourquoi : Why
o Quel/Quelle/Quels/Quelles :What
est vs Cest
Il/ Elle est
o Translate to : He or She is
o Followed by an adjective
Cest
o Translate to : it is
o Followed by a noun

Chapitre

Pass Compos
o Used for saying something that occured once in the
past

o Use avoir + past participle

Past participle

Camille Streeter
French 202

Er verbs ->
Ir verbs -> i
Re verbs-> u
o use tre + past participle
use tre for going and coming verbs
Imparfait
o Used for description and continuous action in the past
o take the ending off and add
-ais
-ions
-ais
-iez
-ait
-aient

Plus-que-fait
o Used for when discussing something in the far past

Like before i was born, my mom did this

o Formation
Same rules like pass compos with avoir and
tre
BUT AVOIR AND TRE IS IN IMPARFAIT FORM
PAST PARTICIPLE IS IN PASS COMPOSE FORM

Chapitre 4
Articles
o Definite
Masc : le/les
Fem :la/les
o Indefinite
Masc :un/des
Fem :une/des
o Partitive Article
Basicially when you combine de+le (means some)
De+ le= du
De+ la= de la
De+ les= des

Object Pronoms
o Direct Ojects
1 personne
2e personne
3e personne
e

Singular
Me (m)
Te (t)
Le/la (l)

Plural
Nous
Vous
les

Camille Streeter
French 202
It goes before the verb
Ex : je le vois
I see it/ him
o Indirect Object

1 Personne
2e personne
3e personne
e

Sigular
Me (m)
Te (t)
LUI

Plural
Nous
Vous
LEUR

Camille Streeter
French 202

Ex

o Y

Il lui offre un livre

Used to replace when talking about an idea,

thing, person
Or other prepositions except DE

o En

Used to replace de when talking about the idea of

some, any, none

The offical order of pronoms

1. Ne
the first part of negation goes first before
anything
2. Reflective
Ex : me, te,se
3. Direct object
but only le,la,les
4. Indirect Object
Including : Lui, leur
5. Y
6. En
7. Verbe
8. Pas

Camille Streeter
French 202
1. Last part of negative

Chapitre 5
Prepostions with Geo Names
o For Cities and Islands
Use to go
Use de to leave

REMEMBER CITES CAN BE MASC OR FEM SO KEEP IN

MIND THE ARTICLE COMBINATIONS
De+le= du

De+la= de la

For countries and continents

For fminine countries

Use de to say from

Mascline countries

Use en to say to or in

use au to say in
use de to say from

plural

Futur Tense

use aux to say in

use des to say from

Camille Streeter
French 202

Means will do..

keep original form of verb and add

-ai

-ons

-as

-ez

-a

-ont

Main irregular verbs (includes the stem)

Aller=ir
Etre=ser
Avoir=aur

Conditional
o Means would do/have
o Keep the original verb and add
*THINK IMPARFAIT ENDING*
-ais -ions
-ais -iez
-ait -aient
o irregular verbs are the same as above^^
Pass Simple
o Used a lot in literature
Take off the endings (er verbs)
-ai -mes

Camille Streeter
French 202

-as

-tes

-a
-rent
Take off the endings (ir/re verbs)
-is -mes
-is -tes
-it -irent
Irregualr verbs
Avoir
eus emes
eus etes
eut eurent
tre
fus fmes
fus ftes
fut furent
Faire
fis fmes
fis ftes
fit firent

Chapitre 6

Negative Expressions

Camille Streeter
French 202
o ALWAYS GOES AROUND THE VERB
o Nepas
Can make this stronger by saying
Du tout
o Negatives can be quantified
Use encore
o Other Expressions
Nejamais= never
Neplus= no longer, not anymore
Nepersonne= no one
Ne.. rien= nothing
Nenini = neither nor
Neaucune= not yet

Relative Pronoms
o Qui

o Que

o Dont

Used for subject

Youll see a verb after this word
Used for direct object
Youll see a subject after the this word

Camille Streeter
French 202

Used to replace verbs with de

Ex :avoir besion de, tre content(e) de,
parler de

o O
Used for a place
o Lequel/Laquelle/Lesquelles
If theres a prepostion before
Ex : avec, sans,dans
o Ce que/ Ce Qui
Same rules apply when using que or qui
BUT LOOK TO SEE IF THE WORD IS REPLACE AN
ANTICENDENT

Chapitre 7

Subjontif
o Used for
Emotions
Examples
Peur que
Aimer que
Express doubt
Examples
Il est possible que
Common phrases

Camille Streeter
French 202
Examples
condition que
bien que
moins que
pas croire and penser
Examples
because it shows doubt

Use stem
o Er/re verbs
-e -ions
-es -iez
-e -ent
o ir verbs
-isse -issions
-isses -issiez
-isse -issent
o Irregular verbs
Avoir
Aie ayons
Aies ayez
Ait
aient

Camille Streeter
French 202

tre

Aller

sois
sois
soit

soyons
soyez
soient

Aille aillions
Ailles ailliez
Aille
aillent

Infinitive
o Use

for
Certainity
Declaring
Hoping
Probability
Thinking
With preposition DE
Croire and Penser