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Corinne Appelberg
Deby Jizi
UWRT 1102-009
30 March 2016
Annotated Bibliography
Murray, Trish. "Wait Not, Want Not: Factors Contributing to the Development of Anorexia
Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa." The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for
Couples and Families. 11.3 (2003): 276-280. Print.
Inthearticle,thefactorscontributingtothedevelopmentofanorexiaandbulimiaaswell
asitsfrequencyarediscussed.Anorexiaandbulimiaareeatingdisordersthatareveryprominent
amongwomeninsociety.Withtheidealimagebeingdepictedregularlyinthemediaasathin
figure,womenandgirlsleantowardseatingdisordersasthemeanstoreachunobtainablebody
images.Thearticlestatesthatwomenaremorepronetodevelopinganeatingdisorderthanmen.
Depression,anxietyandobsessivecompulsivedisordersarealsocommoninindividualswho
developeatingdisorders.Whenitcomestoidentifyingbiologicalissuesthattriggertheeating
disorders,ithasbeenassociatedthatpsychologicalandsociologicalfactorscontributetotheir
development,aswellasthementalfixationonperfectionismandawarpeddefinitionfor
perfection.Sociologically,familyandculturearethetwobiggestcontributingfactorsforan
eatingdisordersdevelopment.Toconclude,thearticletouchedontheabilitytoidentifymany
keyfactorsthatleadtoeatingdisordersbutthatthereareseveralunderlyingissuesthatcancause
thedevelopmentofsymptoms.
Thisarticleisrelevanttomyinquiryquestion,Whatarethecontributingfactorsto
anorexiaandbulimianervosa,becauseitrevealsthattheseeatingdisordershavemultiple
factorsthatallcancontributetothedevelopmentofeitherdisorder.Itprovidesexamplesofthe

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primarybiological,sociological,andpsychologicalcausestoanorexiaorbulimia.Ilearnedthat
thedevelopmentofAnorexiaorBulimiaiscausedbymultiplefactors.Peoplewhoaresuffering
fromoneofthesedisordersmayhavemultipleobstaclestoovercomeintheprocessofrecovery,
fortherecoveryprocesscanbequiteextensivewhenseveralfactorsaffectingthepersoncomes
intoplay.
This source is credible, allowing me to receive resourceful information throughout my
research. The author of this article, Trish Murray is a counselor at Gardner- Webb University
and a Ph. D student at the University of South Carolina. Trish Murray includes references from
her research, showing she is a trustworthy author. This article was also peer-reviewed and from
the UNCC library database.
Woerwag-Mehta, Sabine, and Janet Treasure. "Causes of Anorexia Nervosa." Psychiatry. 7.4 (
2008): 147-151. Print.
This article discussed the biological, psychological, and social factors that may
affect the development of having an eating disorder such as Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Some of the
genetic factors it identified as contributing to the formation of the disease are the individuals
body mass index (BMI), the symptoms they exhibit from the eating disorder, and the genetic
eating of habits of the individual, as well as a difference in the first chromosome. The raising of
the individual may also play a role in the development, such as malnutrition at a young age or the
more siblings the family had that could be at risk for developing AN. Along with the symptoms
of anxiety, depression, and stress, the individual can experience social isolation and detachment
after and during having AN. Their social lives are not only affected, but their bodies and minds
are affected as well, such as the GI tract from lack of nutrition, and cognitive changes and
behavioral differences from their bodies being under the stress of AN. It can be concluded that

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the various risk factors for development of other problems vary greatly from each individual, and
treatment must be looked at in a variety of ways for each individuals symptoms and problems,
such as determining triggers, factors that are maintained with the disorder.
My next article, Causes of anorexia nervosa, I am informed of more factors contributing
to the diagnosis of this disorder. It is relevant to my inquiry topic because I gained more
knowledge of the social, biological, and psychological factors. This article goes in depth about
the genetic factors that may also play a role in contributing to the disorder. Facts and statistics
were shared in the article for extra information as well.
This source can be considered credible because it comes from a reliable site, which was
found on the UNCC database. After taking a closer look into ScienceDirect, I believe is looked
to be a reliable source, for they stated that they are a site with available information from over
2,500 journals and more than 33,00 books. This source also includes reference at the end,
showing that the author has not plagiarized her writing.
Steiger, Howard, Sheila Jabalpurwala, Jose Champagne, and Stephen Stotland. "A Controlled
Study of Trait Narcissism in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa." International Journal of
Eating Disorders. 22.2 (1997): 173-178. Print.
In Steiger, Sheila, Champagne and Stotlands article A Controlled Study of Trait
Narcissism in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa, the scores for 90 eating disorder patients-consisting of 23 anorexic restrictors, 14 anorexic bingers, and 53 bulimic individuals--with
psychiatric-control (PC) and 54 normal-control (NC) females. The scores were based on a selfreport scale that determined the individuals measures of narcissism, affective instability,
stimulus seeking, impulsive behavior, and restricted expression. The article went into detail on
how many individuals exhibited what characteristics as well as their age ranges, and went on to

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discuss lifetime behaviors of these women, from weight throughout time to menstrual functions
and any changes in weight they can recall. The screening for these symptoms allowed for a
closer selection of the individuals for the criteria, and the results showed a lot of correlation in
ages, BMI and their level of narcissism. The results finished by saying that trait differences in the
study should be interpreted even though there were limitations in the sample of people they
studied, such as being a group of women with heterogeneous disorders, and that the results
cannot truly reflect all the ED differences.
In this source I was informed about the personality and behaviors of those struggling with
anorexia or bulimia. Ones personality and behavior is another factor that contributes to the
diagnosis of anorexia or bulimia. It is relevant within my research because it gives more support
to the contributing factors of developing anorexia or bulimia and also explains specific details,
since the article included an experiment.
This source is found credible for several reasons. This source included a study with
revealed detailed statistics in the results. The references for the article included reliable sources,
such as American Psychiatric Association, and other sources that gave the authors of this
article good reference and information. This source was found on the UNCC library database
and was written by authors who are a part of the Department of Psychiatry.
Levy, Alan B, and Katharine N. Dixon. "The Relationship between Anorexia Nervosa and
Depression: a Reevaluation." International Journal of Eating Disorders. 4.4 (1985): 389405. Print.
In Levy and Dixons 1985 article on anorexia nervosa, the study is between the eating
disorder itself and the existing or formulated relationship to depression. Some of the symptoms
this article listed as being observed included insomnia, depressed mood, lack in sex drive, and

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inability to concentrate (p. 389). A 1983 study mentioned in this article found that 56% of
individuals that were studied showed signs of major depressive disorder, and another study link
that depression was evident in patients whose depression lasted for over 21 months. Patients with
the most depression showed lower BMI and weight, while those who showed greatest
improvement in depression treatment also increased their weight. Specific chemicals in the brain
and sleep patterns were also studied for imbalances and their effects on depression and AN.
Sleep pattern was also affected by other underlying issues that have been onset from the AN,
such as malnutrition and low body weight. This article found that there are multiple types of
underlying or associated factors of poor health and psychology onset from AN, but these may
also have other influencers that stand alone from the AN disorder.
This article gives me great information towards discovering the contributing factors of
anorexia and bulimia. It links the relationship between anorexia and depression, giving me more
support about the psychological factors. The supporting details in the article along with the
studies, allowed for a source that presented me with lots of good resources for my research.
Credibility is important when researching, for you want to make sure you are receiving
reliable information. This source is found to be credible because the authors, Dr. Levy and Dr.
Dixon, both of who are medical doctors, hold titles that show that they are capable of providing
reliable information. Dr. Levy is and assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the
Ohio State College of Medicine and is also the director of the eating disorders program. This
article is peer reviewed and also is Vol.4 of International Journal of Eating Disorders.
Gowda, Maheshr, Sumit Durgoji, Preeti Srinivasa, M. Chandrashekar, and Nikitha Harish. "Case
Report on Anorexia Nervosa." Indian J Psychol Med Indian Journal of Psychological
Medicine 37.2 (2015): 236. Web.

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In this case report, one womans symptoms were studied and diagnosed as anorexia
nervosa based on what was exhibited. The woman was 25 years of age, and married for 5 years.
Her lifestyle was considered upper class (Hindu) who was educated and worked as a homemaker.
Her symptoms were examined as she was submitted to the hospital for examination, and she
showed signs of recurrent vomiting over two years and one year of period irregularity, both
common tell-signs for anorexia nervosa (AN). A common sign also seen and not often mentioned
in the other articles I read was that AN patients often cooked nice extravagant meals for their
family or others, but would not eat them themself. Swollen joints, hair loss, and constipation or
electrolyte imbalances were often common symptoms stated in patients with AN. Personality
changes were observed in the womans daily behavior, and her motivation, interaction with
others, and sex drive decreased greatly.
This source was very beneficial to my research, because it shared a case report of a young
woman with anorexia, which gave me a good look into someones life who suffers from this
disorder. The case study was very informational and provided me with a real life situation that
allows me to see how the young woman developed the disorder and then adapted.
This article would be considered credible due to the fact it is Vol. 37 of the Indian
Journal of Psychological Medicine. This source was found on UNCC Atkins Library Database
under the category of health psychology. It was found on the Medline database, which states that
they provide authoritative medical information, which makes it a credible source for my
research.

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