Virginia Evans

For the revised Cambridge

ESOl CAE Examination

Teacher's
Book
,~
Express Publishing

Published by ElCpress Publishing

liberty House, New Greenham Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG 19 6HW
Tel: (0044) 1635 817 363 - Fax: (0044) 1635 8 17 463
e-mail : tnqulrles@expresspubl tsh lng .co. uk
http://www.elCpresspubllshl ng .co.uk

o Virginia Evans, 2009

Design and Illustration C> Express Publishing, 2009
First published 2009
Made In EU

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted In any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publishers.
This book Is not meanl lO be changed In any way.
ISBN 978 184679-7569

Acknowledgements
We would like 10 thank alllhe staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to the production of this book. Thanks for
th81r support and patience ate due In particular to: A1bert West (Editor in Chief): Antony O'Naill and AIel( Baker (senior editOfS): Stacey
Hill and Sally White (edrtorial assistants); Eric Parson (senior production controller); the Express Publishing design team; Tlm Asher
(recording producer): and Ann Morris, Usa Travis, William Sharp and Eddle Gibson, We would also like to thank those institutions and
teachers who piloted the manuSCllpt, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the completion of this book.
The authors and publishers also wish to thank the following for their kind permission 10 adapt copyright material: p 7 from " Notes
From a Big Counlry' , from 'Notes From a Big Country' by Bill Bryson, Black Swan 1999, C Bill Bryson 1998; p 9 from 'My job: Andrew
Baker, sports fealure writer, Dally Telegraph ', Press Gazette Journalfsm Today, 17 September 2007, C 20072006 Wilmlngton
Business Information: pp 1011 from ' Unfrozen Tundra', Time Magazine 25 September 2006, Cl Tlme Inc.: p 12 from 'Step back in
time', The Guardian 24 September 2008, Cl Guardian News and Media Umited 2009; p 15 from 'Malcolm Tait's top 10 wildlife books',
The Guardian 16 August 2006, C Guardian News and Media Umited 2009; p 19 from 'Gift of the Nile', Focus November 1995; p 27
tram review of Wall E, Empire online , Cl Bauer Consumer Media; p 28 from ' No Courses at RADA are easy', y.'WW.@da.org; p 29 from
'A Utop ian fantasy', The GuardIan 3 June 2002, C Guardian News and Media Limited 2009: pp 30-31 from 'Here be dragons', The
Independent 30 October 2004, C Independent News and Media Limited 2009; p 32 from 'Who's that girl?', The Independent 16
Seplember 2006, Cl lndependenl News and Media Umited 2009; pp 35-36 from '00 try this al home', The GuardIan 13 October 2006,
Cl Guardian News and Media Umited 2009: p 39 from ' Dyslexia "can be identified alone day old"', Guardian Weekly 26 August 1999,
Cl copyright Sarah Boseley, The Guardian Weekly; p 40 from 'Antarctic tourism and non-governmental expeditions: a summary of
currenl activities' 10 May 2000, C Commonwealth of Australia. Used by kind permission: p 41 from 'Aexible answer to life In space',
Focus November 2000; p 49 from 'What the teachers taught the judges' , The Guardian 13 October 2006, Cl Guardian News and
Media Limited 2009; p 50 from 'Going 10 work on general English' , Guardian Weekly/BBC world service 20 June 1999 Cl John
Hughes, The Guardian Weekly ; pp 52-53 from 'Voluntary service underseas', Wanderlust February 2007, C Wanderlust; p 54 from
'Alpha couple', Vogue Ailstralia September 2008, Cl 2006 New Magazines Ply Ud; P 57 from 'Daring to be different', The Guardian 16
April 2005, Cl Guardian News and Media Limited 2009: p 60: p 62 from ' Penguins in peril', The Guardian W~ 4 April 1999, C The
Guardian Weekly; p 70 from 'Weird or wonderful? A weekly look at alternative therapies' , The Guardian 7 March 2000, C Guardian
News and Media Umited 2009; p 74 from 'Thought crime', The Guardian 23 October 2008, Cl Guardian News and Media Umited 2009:
p n from 'The eccentric's guide to London', The Guardian 19 November 2006, Cl Guardian News and Media Umited 2009: p 60 from
'Your getahead guide to powerspeak', Fair Lady 19 July 2000 Cl Fair lady Magazine; p 90 from 'Hire educalion', The Guardian 13
August 2007, Cl Guardian News and Media Umiled 2009; p 91 from 'ThIs column will change your life', The Guardian 15 November
2006, Cl Guardian News and Media Umited 2009: p 92 from 'Aquaseiling: sparkling water, on the rocks', The Telegraph 16 November
2006, Cl Telegraph Media Group Limited 2009: P 94 from 'Season of mists and unwanted guests' , The Guardian 6 October 2002,
C Guardian News and Media Umiled 2009; pp 97-98 from 'Top girls' (parts one, two & three)', The Guardian 30 September 2003,
Cl Guardian News and Med ia Limited 2009; p 102 from 'Take a bough', Homes and Garriens February 1997 (pp 107-108), Cl 1997
Homes and Gardens; p 103 from 'Dubai: hot city seriously cool ', Fair LlIdy Inspirations Summer 2000, C Fair Lady Magazine: pili
from 'Household robols', ScienCentral News , 14 June 2007, C ScienCentraI2000-2007; p 1131rom " Chore Wars,' where 'World of
WarcraJt' meels toi let cleaner' , cnet News , 19 October 2007, C 2009 CBS Interactive Inc. : p 114 from 'On the chilli trail In Assam,
India', The TImes 15 November 2008, Cl 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd,; p 116 from 'ling Tlngs are looking up for Katie White and J ules
De Mattlno', The TImes 21 November 2006, C 2006 Tlmes Newspapers Ltd.: p 123 from 'Office karma', Fair Lady 12 April 2000, Cl Fair
Lady Magazine: p 124 trom 'Ash Thursday', Focus October 1996:
Photograph Acknowledgements
p 27 Wall, from govemmenlexecutive.com, p 35 isolated Batman image, from fantasy-lllustration.com copyright C RABZ Art & Illustration,
p 93 aquaseiling, ww.v.adventura21.co.uk
The authors and publishers are also grateful to the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndlcale lor permission to reproduce the
sample answer sheets on pages 147- tSO and the information on pages 5-6 in both the Student's and Teacher's books.
Every effort has been made 10 Irace all the copyright holders but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers
to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity,

pl~

wilt be

Introduction

..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

p. 5

CAE Test 1
Paper 1 . Reading

p. 7

Paper 2 . Writing .......... ..... .... ... ........... . .... . ............... .

p.16

Paper 3 - Use of English ...... . . .... . . . . . ........... . . . .... . . . . ..... .

p. 18

Paper 4 - Listening . ............................ .. ................ . . .

p.23

CAE Test 2
Paper 1 . Reading

p.27

Paper 2 . Writing ................ . ... . ..... ........... . ........... . ...

p.37

Paper 3 - Use of English

p.39

Paper 4 - Listening . ......... .

p. 44

CAE Test 3
Paper 1 - Reading

p.49

Paper 2 - Writing ...... . .... . ......... ....................... . .... . ...

p. 58

Paper 3 . Use of English ...... . . ... . . .. . .... . ......... . .............. .. . .

p.60

Paper 4 . Ustening .................... .. .

p. 65

CAE Test 4
Paper 1 - Reading

p.69

Paper 2 . Writing ................... . .............. .... ...... . .. . .. ... ..

p. 78

Paper 3 - Use of English ......... ..... .............. . ............... . ....

p. 80

Paper 4 - Ustening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

p. 85

CAE Test 5
Paper 1 - Reading

p.89

Paper 2 - Writing ............. . ..... .. ......... . .. . . . .. .... . . . .. ... . ... .

p.99

Paper 3 - Use of English ......... . . . .......... ....... . . . ....... .. ... .

p. 101

Paper 4 - Ustening ......... . . ... . . . . .. . .... . . .. . ... .. . .. .. ..... . ... . ... .

p.l06

CAE Test 6
Paper 1 . Reading
Pape r 2 - Writing

p. 111
.......... . . . . . .. ... . . .... . . .. .. .. .. . ... p. 121

Paper 3 - Use of English .. .. .. ............. ......... ........... ..... .

p. 123

Paper 4 - Listening

.. . .. ..... .... . .. . ..... . .. . ..... . . ........ . . ... . . .

p. 128

Further Exam Practice - Use of English . . . .... . ......... . .... . ......... ...

p.133

Speaking Tests .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . ....... .. . . . . .... . .... . ..... . . . . . . .

p.145

Sample Answer 'S heets . .... . ........... ...........................

p. 157

Appendix

1 - Word and Preposition Combinations .... . . . .. . ..... ........

p. 161

2 - Collocations and Idioms .............. . . ........ ........

p. l64

3 - Word formation tables ....... , . , ... , . , , ' . . ... , . . . ... , . .

p. 166

4 - Pu nctuation and spelling . , .. , ........... , . , , .... , . ' .. , .. , ..

p, 169

5 - Functional Phrases for the Speaking Test .... , . . . . , . . . .

p. 170

Model Answers for Writing

p. 171

Suggested Answers for Speaking Tests . .

p. 181

Tapescripts ... . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... . . ...... .. ........... .

p. 196

CAE Practice Tests contains six complete tests

designed to help students to prepare for the
University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations
Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) examination.
The tests offer comprehensive practice in all five
papers of the examination and reflect the most recent
CAE specifications (introduced for December 2008),
thus providing students with the tools to develop the
skills required to succeed in this examination and
obtain the CAE qualification.
CAE Practice Tests includes a wide range of stimulating,
authentic texts in examination format, listening texts
with authenticated recordings and a variety of
accents, and full-colour visual material for the
Speaking Paper.
The book provides a detailed overview of the CAE
examination, with a description of all the sections of
each paper, exam guidance sections and further exam
practice for Paper 3 - Use of English followed by
useful Appendices as well as Sample OMR Answer
Sheets at the back of the book.
Tests 1-4 contain helpful exam tips and reminders,
while Tests 5 and 6 are like real exam papers, with no
guidance, for further exam practice.
The Teacher's Book contains all the Student's Book
material, together with over-printed answers, model

About CAE
CAE is the fourth level in the Cambridge ESOL fivelevel series of examinations and is design~ to offer
an advanced qualification, suitable for those who
want to use English for professional or study
purposes. The CAE examination can also serve as a
useful step in the development of the language skills
necessary for the CPE examination.
The CAE examination can be used as proof of the
language level necessary to work at managerial or
professional level or to follow a course of study at
Cambridge Level Five
Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE)
Cambridge Level Four
Certificate in Advanced English (CAE)
Cambridge Level Three
First Certificate in English (FCE)
Cambridge Level Two
Preliminary English Test (PET)
Cambridge Level One
Key English Test (KET)

..

..

univeTSlty. CAE 15 recognised by most Bntish wuVersJties

for English language entrance requirements.

written answers for the Writing Paper, tapescripts of

the recorded material for the Listening Paper, and
guidelines for the Speaking Test.
In CAE there are five Papers as shown below:
Paper 1

(1 hour 15 mins)

Reading

4 parts

Paper 2

(1 hour 30 mins)

Writing

2 parts

Paper 3

(1 hour)

Use of English

5 parts

Paper 4

(approximately 40 mins)

Listening

4 parts

Paper 5

(approximately 15 mins)

Speaking

4 parts

'tOTAL

40 marks

40 marks

40 marks

40 marks

40 marks
200 marks

PAPER 1

PAPER 4

READING
(J Ilour 15 mw)
ThiI paper hae four parta with 34 Questiona drawn from
reading texts which contain about 3,000 wordl in total.

USTENING
(ApproximJJl,ely40 minuies)
This paper has rour parts with 30 questiona All parts are
heard twice.
Part 1
Th.ree short unrelated exchanges with two multiple-cboioe
quettions ror each.

Part f
Three themed textl with 2 multiple-choice questions on each

ten.
Tesl{octa."detail. opinion, toM.~ main idea, implication,
attitutk, tut organiaation features. tic
Part 2
A gapped text with 6 missing paragraphs.
Test foe'": text $1rudure, cohesion and coherence
Part 3
A text foUowed by 7 four-option multiple-choice questions.
Test focus: detail, opinion. tone, PUI"[J<J, main idm, impIification.
athtuck, tut orgallUalion ftaturu
Part 4
A text prec:eded by 16 multiple-matdring questions.

A seriet or five short extracts with two multiple matching

Te.sJ focus: 3pecifjc information, chtail, opinion and altitude

""u.

PAPER 2
WRmNQ
(J hoor 30 miM)
This paper bu two parte. Part! requires 180-220 words
and Part 2 requires 220-260 words.
Part 1
One compulsory task based on given input.
Test (ocra: mGy iru:lutk eualuating, t:ZplTUing opinimu,
hypotMsuing, ilUtifying, comparing. T.Ommending.

supporting, tIc. Ta.s.u will aiwaYl incluck an ekment of

persUt1.8ion.
Part 2

One task from a choice of four. Question 5 is alway1I ba&ed

on set text..
Test [OCU8: comparing, giving opinions, praUllding,ju8tifying.
giuing aduice, cUscnbing, evaluating, hypothesi8ing, judging
prioritiea (2 or fTl()re of t~ a& .pifUd in tod)

PAPER 3
USE OF ENGUSH
(llwur)
Thi.a paper has five parts with a tota1 or 50 questions.
Part 1
A multiple-choice elote or approximately 200 words
containing 12 gaps and rollowed by 12 rour-option multiplechoice anawera.

Test foeus: luice - grammalicallle:cical

Test focus: feelin&, altitude, opinwn, purpose, function,

aareerrumt, gist, etc
Part 2
A monologue with 8 lentence completion queat.ions.

Test {ocus: 'pi/ic in{ormaJicn, slated opinion

Part 3

A conversation between 2 or more speakers with 6 multiple

choice quett.ions.
TaJ {ocua: oUitlUk and opinion
Part 4

Teat {ocus.: gUt, altitude, main point., interpreting contat

PAPER 5
SPEAKING
(ApproximoJ.ely 15 minutes)
This paper contains rour parts, and is taken by the
candidatea in pairs with two examiners present. One or
the euminera acta ... Interlocutor and the other one as

.......,,,.

Part 1

A conversation between the Interlocutor and each candidate.

TaJ {OCIU: g4!Mral intera.ctionoJ and socuul4nguoge
Part 2
Individuall minute ' long turn' ror each candidate with brier
30 second response rrom 2nd candidate. Each candidate is
given S visual stimuli with questions.

Test focua: orgoniJing a larger unit o{ di8course, comparing,

dacribing, t::qJtUling opinioru, ~ng
Part 3
Two-way conversation between the candidates. The
candidates are given spoken instructions with written and
visual stimuli, which are used in a decision-making task.
T~Bt {ocus: exchanging Uktu, upTftSing and justifying
opinions, tJ81tting and/or clisagreei.ng, .uggating. 'pu1oting,
reaching a ckci8ion through negotiation, ttc

Part 2

Part 4

A modified open elote or approximately 200 words

containing 15 gaps.
Teat {oc1U: grammaJiooJIkxioo - grommolicol

A conversation between the candidates and the Interlocutor

related to the topic introduced in Part 3.
Test {OCIU.' upre"ins and justifying opinion.s, OjJreeing andJ
or disagreeins

Part 3
One text or up to 130 words each. Words muM. be rormed to
complete 10 gtlJ using the given prompt words.
Tnt focla: laKolIk:xioo - grotTIJTtLJtico
Part 4
Five sets or S sentences with gaps to be completed with the
same word.
Teat (ocuI.. luicol
Part 5
Eight key word transrormation sentences.

Test foelU: luical and gramffl4lical

PART 1

Exam~
Don't forgel that
three of the answers

are there to distract

you from the correct
one. There may be
small but significant
differences in
meaning in the
answer sentences
so read carefully
and make sure you

Test 1
(1 hour 15 minutes)

You a.re gOing to read three extracts which are all

'
questIons 1-6, choose the answer (A B CO DJ ch~nhcerned I," some way with sports. For
text.
"
r
W le you think fits best accortling to Ihe

If the traditional sports are losing their

J!,\sp,arkle and you feel the need to risk life

I

understand how

one sentence differs

from another.

i
if you do feel you have the courage to
give it a whirl, it is bound to get your pulse
racing.
Street luging bears little relation to its
wintry counterpart, ice luging, and wiU
probably never be recognised as an
Olympic sport. Street luge riders lie down
flat on their backs and try to steer a
street1uge board, which is very similar to
the good old skateboard. It doesn't sound
too hazardous, does it? The real danger
comes from the steep, winding road that

they now hurtle down at speeds reaching

70 mph (115 km/h). And to make it even
more risky, the use of brakes is strictly
forbidden! These riders are not ashamed
to take pleasure in risking everything in

pursuit of an adrenaJin buzz.

You might be wondering how they stopbefore they hit that brick wall that Ir?\
approaches at speeds usually only seen ~
on motorways? Well, it's down to gravity
and a sturdy pair of leather or Kevlar
boots. Perhaps you've heard of Kevlar it's the material that bullet-proof vests are ine 30
made of. This is a sport that, as long as
you survive and are able to walk away
with no broken bones, will have you
ooming back for more!

1 Accor~ing to the writer, street luge riders

A believe the sport sh Id b
B have seen the sport~
e aCknowle~ged at an international level.
ecome progressIvely more dangerous
se~m to thnve on the danger involved in the sport
.
o beheve the sport is often unfairly labe/ed as too d~ngerous.

2 Wh Y does the writer mention bullet-proof vests (line 30)?

A to show what is needed to stop when moving at hi s ee
B to recommend clothing suitable for street luging g p d
C to reassure readers that street luging is safe
o to emphasise the risks the riders are taking

)
7

PART 1

~crrnQ::>~

~\)V""

~~

People somelines os!< me, '\\Mt is the

difference between baseball and cricket?'
~
The answer is simple, Both are games of greot sI<II
i1voM1g boIs and bafs, but with this crucial difference;
boseballs exciting and wIlen you go home at the end of tne
day you know who won,

I'm joking, of course. Cricket Is a wondeffuI game, fUI of deIcIoloIy

scattered micro-morTle1 Its of rear action. If 0 doctor ever Instructs me to
fake a complete rest and not get over-exclted. I shaH become a fon at once.
" the fl'18Q111me, howe""" I hope you wI undeIstond wIlen I tal you that my
heart beIOI ogs to baseboI.
In what r grew up with , what I played as 0 boy and that of course ts vital to any meaningful
appredotlon of a sport. I hod this brought home to me many years ego n England
when I went out onto a foolbol pIIch with a ccq>Ie of guys to knocI< a bel around.
I had watched foo~ N and thought t had a fair Idea of """'at was required. so when
one of the~ ban n my direcllon , I decided to tick tt casually Into the
with my head, the way I hod seen KeIIIn Keegon do tt.1 thought that tt would be
like heading a beochban - that there wou1d be a gentle 'ponk' sound and
that tne ban would IIghIly leave my brow and dlIft In a pIeosIo I\l arc Into the
net. SUI of COllSO tt was 11<. heading a bowing bel. I hove never ten
onvthi"lg so stortt!ng!y not lI<e I thought tt would feel. I walked
around 'Of 'our hours on wobI>y legs with 0 big red c'cia
and the word MITJlE inprhted on my fOfeheod, and

vowed never again to do anything so

foolish and poInf\J.

M /

I;V

/.I"

(lffll4r/

3 The writer compares baseball and cricket in order to

@ explain his preference for one over the other.

B emphasise the pointlessness of cricket.
C show how different they are to each other.
o explain his reasons for liking them .
4 The writer believes that he once had a bad experience while playing football
because

his expectations of playing differed to the reality of it.

S he chose to head the ball instead of kicking it.

C he had overestimated his sporting talent.
o his opponents didn't take into account his lack of experience.

Test 1 .....

What's it like being a sports feature writer

on

a national newspaper?

Andrew Ba~er shares his e~perience of sports journalism. c<AU;- (MII 0 I

HQe;V~IJ{;t() 'I-d c!Pwlvb':

1{j1t41t1;1,( l etHl

t l(l("'{ (

To be a successful sports journalist, you need

It isn't necessary to hold a journalism

the same curiosity, perseverance and literacy as

degr" but a degree of some kind is beneficial,

any other journalist, but also specialist knowledge

be;a:se you will have experience of

marshalling your thoughts under pressure. In
an ideal world, all journalists would have an

if you wish to cover one sport in particular;

diplomacy and humility if you need to cover many
sports (you will need to ask a lot of questions).
Also, the ability to write sensibly under extreme
pressure is essential if you aspire to cover major

events live.

essay-based degree and a postgraduate course

5
in journalism, especially important for knowing
the nuts and bolts of sub-editin and how to
avoid legal howlers.
Perhaps the best part of being a sports
journalist is travelling to interesting places and
meeting interesting people. Often, these are not
the PR-protected megastars, but the passionate
individuals who can tell you what is so special
about their sPOrt and, if you are lucky, give you
some first-hand experience. In my case, I've
messed about on Ellen MacArthur's boat al 3am
in a Brazilian harbour, had a special driving
lesson from an F1 star and done a lot more fun
stuff that had better not be recorded.

5 According to the writer, one of the main benefits of obtaining a qualification in

journalism is
A becoming skilled in writing good quality essays.
B learning how to express ideas quickly and clearly.
gaining knowledge of the practical details of journalism.
D learning how to deal with the stress associated with journalism.

6 What aspect of sports journalism is the writer emphasising in the third

paragraph?
A the chance to meet famous people
~ J
B the necessity of personal participation
the satisfaction gained from contact with enthusiasts IV
D the fervour and dedication of some people he meets

PART 2

You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. ChOOl.,j
from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-12). There Is one extra paragraph which you do not need

use.

From 30,000 ft. in the air, the Greenland ice cap seems
Impregnable, nearly 800 trillion gallons of frozen water

locked safely away. But get doser and the ~cks begin
to emerge. Dandng by helicopter above the mouth of the
Jakobshavn Glader, near the western coast of Greenland,
you can make out veins of the purest blue melt water

Oahl-lensen at the NEEM camp in Greenland. NEEM

stands for North Greenland Eemlan Ice Drilling (the
acronym is Danish, as are the leaders of the project), and
the scientists are digging deep into the Greenland ice more than a mile and a half deep to be precise - to try
to understand its pedigree.

running between folds of ice.

B
F

Those Icebergs are spat out into Di';. Ba~iIIiOn

metric tons' worth every year, where ey loom bove
the tiny fishing boats th~ deep, co d waters.
Sail dose and you'll find ~ese seemingly permanent
cathedrals of ice, some 200 ft. to 300 ft. high, are leaking
water like broken pipes. They're fighting a war and they

appear to be IOSI,'

la I

If all the lee on Greenland were to melt tomorrow,

global sea levels would rise more than 20 ft. - enough to
swamp many coastal cities. Though no one thinks that
will happen anytime soon, what keeps gladologists
awake at night is that thinking is not the same as
knowing - and no one can say with certainty what
Greenland's fate will be.
-

D
I got a firsthand look at such heroism this summer
when I joined a team of international researchers led by

10

It's like tree rings but for dimatic hiStory. -In order to
predjct the future, we have to understand the past, says
Minlk Rasing, a geologist at the University of
Copenhagen. NEEM is focused on the Eemian stage, a
period from about 11S,OOO to 130,000 years ago, right
before the last ice age, when the worid was warm - quite
warm, about 9 "F hotter in Europe than it is today.

A
Oahl-Jensen believes that with enough information,
they wlll be able to project forward and understand just
how vulnerable Greenland is to future melting. With 10
~ars of Intense researCh, [ think we can reach a reUable
estlmate for that tipping point, - she says.

E
I watch as a plume of mist fills the air where the
Iceberg once was, while the fjord chums on. And then I
wonder, just how much time do Greenland and the rest
of us have before it's too late? That may be up to us and the heroes we choose to follow.

Test 1

A Given that the U.N.'s Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change estimates that
temperatures could rise 3.24 ' F to 7.2 ' F
over the coming century, the Eemian
could offer a model for the effect such
thermometer swings will have on
Greenland's ice. A full dimatic record of
the Eemian has never been constructed,
but over the next several summers, the
NEEM researchers hope to harvest cores
that will help them track the state of the
ice throughout that era, when Greenland
was warm enough to actually be green.

~ "'&p

"

'I'

B Depth fS time and the lower you go, the

further back in history you travel. As ice
formed in Greenland, year after cold
year, bits of atmosphere were trapped
in the layers. Drilling into the ice and
fishing out samples - ice cores - that
contain tiny bubbles of that andent air
can reveal the temperature, the
concentration of greenhouse gases,
even the ambient dust from the year
that layer was formed.

C It's easy to misunderstand all of this.

Oimate change itself isn't a bad thing ;
It isn't even unusual. Take a geological
step back, and you can see that our
climate has always changed, alternating
just within the past several hundred
thousand years between ice ages, when
glaciers covered much of the Northern
Hemisphere, to eras warmer than our
own.

r:>
o That's why researchers like Dorthe DahlJensen, stationed on a barren speck of

sheet, are considered a hero for the

environment. His work there involves
decoding the island's dimatic history. He,
along with numerous other scientists,
activists, financiers and political leaders
display a passion for the planet that just
might save it.
'h I

,,

.J; 'g~,

E It's that type of confidence that serves as

our light in the dimatic darkness, living
proof that hope hasn't vanished. You
need that comfort when you're standing
on a rocky hilltop in Greenland, watching
the ice disappear. As Jakobshavn gives
way to the
dium-size Iceberg
sudde
implodes, isintegrating like a
collapsing s scraper.

~~Tip
Look for any
grammatical or
logical clues
which can
help you place
the missing
paragraphs In

Jt)!1~ ~ght gaps.

F What you can't

at height, is
Jakobshavn' inexorable
de toward
the sea at 65 ft. to 115 ft. a day - an
alarming rate that has accelerated in
recent years. As the glacier nears the
coast, it breaks off Into
e Ilullssat
fjord, a stream 0 churnin Ice that
might have birthed t e monster that
sunk the Titanic.

1(( r

G Sadly, Greenland is the front line in

humanity's battleV against climate
change. The warming - that IS easy to
dismiss elsewhere is undeniable on this
860,000-sq.-mi. isJand of fewer than
60,000 people, More and more of
Greenland, whose frozen expanses are
a livIng remnant of the last Ice age,
disappears each year, wIth as much as
150 billIon metric tons of glacier
vanishing annually.

land near the heart of Greenland's ice

"

PART 3
You are going to read a magazine article. For questions 13-19. choose the answer (A. B. C Of 0 ) which you thi~k
best according 10 the text.

~tep back in time

Historicol biographer Antonia Fraser reveals the pleasures af studying a bygone era.
Gibbon was inspired to write The Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire sitting on the steps of the Capitol ;It
Rome one evening, listening to the sound of monks
chanting. My own Inspiration to become a historical

biographer came in rather less elevated circumstances, as

a teenager one rainy Oxford afternoon: I began to read
Lytton Strachtis EmlnentVtctorians. and was in particular
fascinated by his essay on Cardinal Manning.This was going
to be the life for me! Once back at school I plunged into
further research in the library. A very different picture
cf3) emerged. Gradually as r pursued the topic. I became aware
~ of Strachey's daring sallies into -artistic truth- (as opposed
to historical truth). N~rtheles$ I neyer forgot my original
sense of oong transported into a world more vivid than
my own.
An mlity to coovey this sensation is., I believe. at the
n.('heart of the matter. ~ the biographer; don't thrill to
~your subiect. you can hardly in all fairness expect the
reader to do so. In a sense (not of course the commercial
sense) the choice of subject is irrelevant so long as it
21 meets that requirement You could say that I was extremely
lucky to choose Mary Queen of Scots for my first foray
since there proved to be a world-wide public for the
troubles of the ill-fated Queen. But you could argue equally
that I made my own luck. since I had always been obsessed
by Mary's story from childhood, Nor was success foreordained. It was, after all, the leading publisher Mark
Bonham-Carter of (men) Collins who $aid to me when I
115'! confessed my project, ''They say that all books on Mary
"-'. Queen of Scots sell and no books on South America do-,
before adding with a laugh, "Perhaps yours will be the
exception.Nevertheless I did have luck. In the 60s, so-called
IUrrative biography was said to be OUt of fashion. Mary
Queen of ScOts was an early
from the fact that
me public continued to have an
for it. so long as
the research was felt to be,~!~:~"""
not Scracheyesque
that biographers discover for themselves the reality

12

of Or Johnson's wise dicwm: "A man wilt tum over half a

libnry to make a book..

And what about those fabled things boasted of on

blurbs: hitherto unpublished doc.umentsl Obviously it is
f!'iery researcher's dream to discover such papers. and
their discovery once apin may make a protect commercial
which would not othefWise be so. At the same time I
would issue a caveat about hitheno unpublished
documents. HUDs are not in themselves more valuable
than the princed sources - it's a historical coincidence that
Ofl@ set has become known early on, the other not One
needs to evaluate them even more closely. Here I speak
from personal experience. A series of chances led me to
discovering some hitherto unpublished letters of Ollver
Cromwell JUSt as I was finishing my manuscript I bbzoned
my finds across the text only to realise at the proof stage.
that they might be unpUblished but they were not very
important In the grand scheme of things ._ an expensive
mistake.
Where the perils and pleasures of writing historical
biography are concemed, there are two perils which seem
to me to raise points of principle.The first is me peril of
anachronistic judgements. For example, in the 16th century 6ne
more or less f!'ierybody tOOk astrology seriously and more '@>
or less everybodY enjoyed a lolly aftemoon out to see the
bears baited. It's no good dismissing the former as
meaningless and aingfng from the latter as disgusting.
I would further cite. the peril of hindSight We may know
that Henry VIII Will marry six times. but he didn't, and he
would have been amazed if it had been predicted at the
time of his first marriage to Catherlne of Aragon.
And the pleasuresl Manifold! Principal among them
however is the opporwnity

to lead a life less ordinary,

As a biographer; I can rule
over kingdoms. lead the
cavalry Into battle, patronise
the great artists of the past
and all without leaving my
chair.

-~

Test 1

ExamJ!eS'?
Read the text

oxtremely carefully
In order to
distinguish between

13 What did the writer learn while researching a historical figure as a teenager?
A There was a surprising amount of information available.

It was not possible to take everything she read as fact.

C It was difficult to interpret the true meaning of what she read.

o It was necessary to consult a wide range of sources.

opparently similar
viewpoints,

outcomes or
reasons.

14 What does 'that requirement' in line 21 refer to?

A the reader's response to a writer's subject

B the correct choice of subject
C the commercial appeal of the book

@ the writer's ability to communicate their enthusiasm

15 What did Mark Bonham-Carter believe about the writer's choice of subject?
A Her long-standing interest in it may ensure her book's success.

It did not guarantee her book's success.

C There are already too many books written on it.
o It was a wise choice for her first biography.
16 The main point that the writer is making in the fourth paragraph is that
A a biography is more likely to be successful if it contains new information.
B researchers must be careful to check all facts thoroughly.
C research material can include inaccurate information.

extensive reading is crucially important.

17 What warning does the writer give to biographers about unpublished documents?
A They are difficult to obtain as their discovery is down to chance.

Their overall significance to the book must be carefully considered.

C Their use could result in diminished commercial success for a book.
o It should not be assumed that they are authentic .

(\I.f.~~O lW31,lf
18 An example of an 'anachronistic judgement' (line 64) that the writer gives is
A not being able to imagine oneself living in the sixteenth century.
B being uninformed about sixteenth century customs and practices.

viewing the sixteenth century from a twenty-first century perspective.

o focusing only on the negative side of life in the sixteenth century.
19 In the article as a whole, the writer implies that her main motivation for becoming an
historical biographer was th e chance to
A carry out extensive research.

become immersed in history.

C discover unpublished documents.
o establish historical truth.

13

PART 4
You are going to read some reviews of wildlife books. For questions 20-34, choose fro
the reviews (A.-G) . The reviews may be chosen more than once.
Read the questions
first and uoo
the key word
that you kn()1
exactly what
looking for in
texts.

In which review are the following mentioned?

the fact that an author openly reveals details of a personal nature

120 I C
121 I F
1221 F
123 1A

readers being able to Identify with an author's line of thinking

1241

feelings of inad~uacy In relation to others

the fact that the reviewer does not apologise for selecting the book

a failLffft 10 respond suffidenUy to an

OPQASU,

Cl

an authors successful exploration of the most central aspects

of a matter

-._- -

-.

the successful portrayal of an instincbVe connection

an ignorance of deeper meanings, which later became apparent

a well.arganised and aesthetically pleasing book

a reviewer's changed reaction 10 a creature since reading the book

the book provokes a reaction even if readers' opinions differ from

those of the author's
a suggestion that a book

an

was not an obvious choice for a reviewer

1311 G

a~4~a lost ~oseness with the ~~t~~1 wo~

an assurance that knowledge acquired will enhance a reader's

appreciation of nature

multiple descriptions of the same thing

14

.- -. -

Test 1
~

Tal(e
a
.:-,

M,lIcolm Tail, editor of Going. Going, Gone?, an illustrated

mmpilation of 100 animals and plants in danger of extinction,

It'\liews his favourite wildlife books.

A: Nature Cure by Richard Mahey

If the best wildlife writing reveals as much aboullhe writer as the

h ..,lIdllllr, itself, then this is the best of them all. Mabey is brutally

and his fear

~::~~~!~:~'~~iand fire up the
of
:

' ~~:;;~~~~~~~~':hi;"=depression,
IhJt nature
for him. The more he
disconnected from the world he

his path out of despair, as he finds a

his
book, written inwild bits richly
it's painful too:

IhlCure, out

R: The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling

Kipling.. r think, was where much of it began for me. r adored his
iUlirnaltales as a lad, such as the idiosyncratic, rock ing-chair-bythe-fireside fables of the Just So Stories an d the heroic and
~uspense-filled Rikkitikki-tavi. But it was The Jungle Book that
('I r(,.llly gripped me, a rite of passage yarn in which the vicissitudes
' of life were represented by the forces of nature. Of course, I
didn't understand all this at the time
I just loved reading about
l!.aloo, Bagheera and all and singing along to the songs of the
Disney version - but I now realise that I grew up with Mowgli,
.md that I've been going back to the jungle ever since.

t;

C: How to be a Bad 8irdwatcher by Simon Bames

You know the feeling: you're reading a book, and as you turn every
Q~ page you're nodding i.n agreement. as if the writer has popped into
your head and committed your own thoughts to paper. This is one
of those books. It's about being a normal birdwatcher, reasonably
knowledgeable, constantly passionate, but often a bit confused as to
~O what you've seen or heard, and INith the vague feeling that everyone
" else you're with knows so much more. It's the book for those of us
who find birdwatching pleasurable, not competitive, and it's terribly
funny to boot. I ahvays smile, now, when I see a sparrowha..w. I urge
you to read this book to find out why.
~
0: Field Guide to th e DTagonflies an d Oamselfties of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland by Sieve Brooks and Rit:hard
lewington
You can't have a list of wildlife books without including a guide
~~ book. I've gone for this excellent little number, partly because it's
"-\ dearly written and well laid out, partly because it's superbly
illustrated, but mainly because a whole new world has opened up
for me since buying it. If you've never looked closely at nature
631 before, this book will set you in the right direction, and I
",- guarantee that as you get to know these fascinating creature~
you'll have new marvels to understand and enjoy every time you
take a summer walk..

E: The Future of life by EO Wilson

Here's a fascinating book which is a great example of
conservation-based writing. The ecological debate will always
rage on - should mankind continue to experiment with new
sciences and discoveries, or are we destroying our world and
ourselves in the rocess - ',~~~;;:;;;~~~~;-;~;T,~~
ar umenls u rbl , iven by a
planet.
which we
I
i I
F: The World's Vanishing Animals by eyril LiHlewood and DW
OVenden
~
An unashamedly nostalgic choice. Published in two volumes
<mammals and birds) in 1969, this was my introduction to the
idea that extinction wasn't just for dinosaurs and dodos. I used to
pore over Denys Ovenden's illustrations of familiar polar bears
and black rhinos, and less familiar takahes and nyalas, and
wonder whether I could do anything to help. Published by the
Wildlife Youth Service, part of Peter 5cott's WWF i
11
action for young folk. Trouble is. we haven't fully listened to it.
The book's dustjacket records that about 1,000 animal species
were faced with extinction at time of publication: today, the
World Conservation Union's Red Ust of animals about which to
be concerned contains over 16,000 entries.

G: The Peregrine by lA Baker ~

The last in my list is. perhaps oddly, a book I haven't yet read. I've
included it because I've only recently heard about it, I can't wait
to read it, and I don 't see why I can't find something new in this
list, as well as you. By all accounts, the book is a reminder of the
wildness of England (it was published in 196n, and a tour de
force of language as Baker ~~~-!-~!.:!!!j~:::~~:!,~~
grippingly and compellingly,
Sounds superb.

PART 1

(1 hour 30 mins)

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 180..220 words In an appropri
style.

Exam ~
Both parts of Paper 2
take the same
number of marks, so
spend the same
length of time on

1 You are a student at an international school. The principal of the school is looking for

venue for this year's end-of-term party and has asked you to write a proposal suggesti
a suitable one.
Read the memo below, on which you have made some notes, the notes you made aft
hearing students' comments about last year's party and the advertisements fort\ovo possib

each one.

.,..,

venues. Then. using the information appropriately, write your proposal for the princi
explaining why you think a different venue should be chosen this year. recommencfing
of the venues in the advertisements and explaining why it may cost more this year.

em
fo' ,,U;~ n, f><.Ip with ~
",9';~" of jj,;~ .".,,~ ooJ-~ po""!,

n",1o '/'"

lA,I. '/'" t.ll '"~ what ~ ~tv~ jj,..g.t

of Ixt .".,,~ po,,",? c..,.I ...e oM- ~ <>ou ...
-,~ ',9;' jj,;~
\'t:.tIlleI; '"

( No, because ... )

"

.".,? 0. pm'~ ,,~ of ~

not enough food - only

fhe:. iiJlIe+"'fi~ I'~ ~

wOllld ~e,. MOn:. S:lJitable?

A-I~, do ~OV

(
(

Yes, probably.
(give reasons)

thill/:::. that ;all~ adJitioll;a/ fi";a~

nlbblesl
hotel Dj's music unoriginal
'movie stars' theme

wHl ~ '"1!';...d fo' jj,k .".y'~ ~?

successful
hotel venue a bit

n,,~ 'I"" ',9;"

formal/impersonal

p~t.rtt""mond

Notes from Students'

comments

(S<.hool Fn"'"P'i)

r
'IIII~

Paradise Club
8eachslde Nightclub & Restaurant
Available tor hire now for new Hawaiian
Barbeque' night. Uve band on request-

Call us on 5984857

Need a venue for Q reception,

conference or party?

We offer hot or cold buffet, resident DJ,

speclof price for earlv bookings

CoIl Gory ftJ!toes at

G._... ParIc M""", on 987-4231

Write your proposal. You should use your own words as far as possible.

16

Test 1

PART 2

Exam ~
Make sure you have
covered all the
points from the
question in your

Write an answer to one of the of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 220-260
words in an appropriate style.
2

You see the following announcement in a music magazjne:

nnswer.

MUSIC

RLL RROUND!
We are re searching for a special feature for our magazine about the
Influence music has on Individuals and on society. " you are Interested
in helping us, please write to us answering the following questions:

How important is music in your life?

How does music influence the world
in which we live?
What would the world be like without music?

Write your competition entry .

3 An international travel magazine has asked its readers to send in a review of two
popular tourist attractions in th eir country. Write your review in which you compare the
two attractions, describing what each has to offer and saying which one you would
recommend for a family with children and why.
Write your review.

0., Fm" Wllld

We are pbWng to publish 0 new book about technology and its role in the future
of our W()(1d. If yoo woold like to contribute to the book. write to us, telling us;
in what moin ways yoo think technology will change oor world in the next
fifty years.
what the advantages and disadvantages of these cho~s will be.
Write your contribution to the book.

Answer one of the following two questions based on one of the books you have read.
(a) Write a review of the book for your college magazine saying why people should or
shouldn't read it.
(b) Choose one character in the book and write an essay about how this person
changes in the book and why.

17

PAPER 3 - USE OF ENGlISH '-'

PART 1

Exam~

(1 hour)

For questions 1- 12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best
each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Remember that all

four options could
be similar in
meaning, but only
one can be used in
the context.

A method

Example:

process

C way

fit~

D procedure

IL0,-,--I_-'6=--_-'-1="""-0,-,=,,,,-,1

RAINMAKlNG
The (0) ... prQq.~~~.... ~f making rain is simpler than you might think; As warm, moisture-laden air (I) .r.l~
from the surface of the earth, it cools and some of the air (2) v!p..n.l. ..(~~to tiny droplets thalb~~~l1y become
clouds. These droplets form around the microscopic particles such as dust and smoke which are (3) ..<f.~n.!1J in the

...........

Tr

ai, _
0.1/ \
-p{""l
T he science of weather modification is now big (4) .. !?.+.1.. ~.I...l1.~ Usin~.f<1ar ant' sensitive equipment that
(5)
.................. atmospheric changes, weather modifiers fly above or below the clouds and spray them with billions of
minute particles known as seeding agents. These particles either fall into clouds c:r.r re.:afled into them from below by warm
(6)
They then 'attrac!' tiny water droplets which (7) ......t!InJIT. around each onc.
in the process which returns
When enough droplets are attached, precipitation - the third and final (8)
waler 10 the earth's surface - occurs, and it rains. I t may take as many as a million dr~plets to fonn a single raindrop. If the
clouds contain ice crystals, Ihe results are similar, but now snow will fonn instead of rain.
~
Current weather manipulation technology only allows scientists to 'encourage' a cloud that is (9)J41/,":d. . ~ . ;,.Jeavy to
produce rain: Some m~r~ am.bi~ious scientists (10) ; . Lv:C.~~ a day when they will be able 10
rain
from blue skIes, but tlllS IS stIll In the far (12) ..
fulure.

.cM.Cr..t.Y.7.t .

.,sh.tt<. ........

.dtt.Jl!J.v1._...

""ill '-,rc y,J"

h3 J {"'MJ,

1,'I1Z
UffldJ urc""I'cI!
)'1 "J:! G,

,,"J
~

KA

1 A gmws
dlf 2 @) condenses

f.

'I;.fi!~"JI

3 A gliding
4 A commerce

5 A takes off

18

C transforms

o gathers

B flying

floaling

o hanging

B industry

C trade

PiCkSUp

@ rises

@ business

C catches on

0 puts across

currents

0 tides

7 @) gather

B fasten

C converge

0 stick

C period

0 level

B specifically

C splendidly

0 satisfactorily

B prophesy

C guess

B supply

C conjure

0 reveal

@ distant

C isolated

0 remote

10 A forecast

C lifts

B evaporates

B draughts

9 @) sufficiently

B raises

6 A ffows
8 A division

(l lfw.utv.J..........

..

11

manufacture

12 A detached

@ slage

@ foresee

PART 2

lxom~

For questions 13-37, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use
only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) .

I'ftr In mind the

. noral sense of the

Example:

0:....LI__T:..:o'------'-I=
==.o:..===--,I

1..:1

talliage in order to
Mllde what the

lllslng words are.

oms of them may
I grammatically,

ut may not make

Inse in the context.

. -.----

NILE RIVER BASIN

THE NILE RIVER

The Nile allowed the first Egyptians (0) ... ~~ .. settle

successfully in the otherwise very dry part of North

........,...
SAU DI

Africa. The great river provided a dependable source

(13) ............

of ........ ...... water that was used for

everything fro~ansport, cooking

drinking, hunting and fishing (14) ... .. ....~~ .. .. .

G:aste~ (1S) ........... J!.W~py~ .......... its

river, Egypt would have been no more than an
un.forgiving desert. Instead, it became the most
fertile land in the whole Mediterranean.
(16) . ... . .!!J.~~.~.~lP.~.~

...... to its position and

many natural resources, Egypt was able to remain

an independent country for 3,000 years.

Although/While
(17) .. ....
.. ... .................. ....... the deserts were used
for their valuable minerals, they were uninhabitable.

The narrowness of the belts ~rt ile la:;' 00

( 18) ..... .. ~.~~I].~~~~~t!....... side of the Nile prevented expansion
( 1.9) ......... ~~~r.. ~ .~~
the east or west . Villages were situated

..

.......

(20) .. ... ... .....~(C?~!1. ......... ... the river (2 1) ............. ..!!~.~

f( Dt/ I{ (".;01)

..............@~

Agriculture in ancient Egypt relied completely on the annual flooding between July and
October. (22) .. ...... IIJ.~~.~{.!.IJ.~

........ flood waters cleaned the land and laid down a thick

layer of hlghly fertile silt. (23) ... .... .........~.~ ............... an added bonus, fish were left in the
fields (24) .. ...... ~!!.l!.~l~..rJ.~~....... the water levels had fallen , and they were dried and
smoked for future consumption.
As Egypt relied totally on the Nile, it is (25) ...... .....

water level was closely watched at (26) .. ......

not ... ......... surprising that the

a/l .... .... ..... . times. Too high, and the

water would flood the towns; too low, and there would be food shortages, unrest, and
perhaps (27) ......... .. ...~~~n

........ .... the downfall of a dynasty.

19

PART 3

Exam ..!TI/"eP'

For questions 28-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of SOl
of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same tine. Tbere is an example at '

First identify what part

of speech is given as
a prompt word and
then think about what

beginning (0).

Example:

10 1EXPANSION 1=0=1

sort of change(s) you

need to make.

ST HILDA'S COLLEGE
Teaching Vacancies
Due to the (0) .... ~~P~(!~!.t?IJ.... of our sixth form department, we are currently
recruiting teachers with a(n) (28) .... ~p~~l~U~~.(~~.'J. ..... in 'A' level Physical
Education, Psychology, law or Italian, or a (29) ......t;,Qm!?;.t:!~'l.qn...... of
these.
SI Hilda's College Is a(n) (30) .... )r:!~IJ.P!f!.nC!.~fJ.L ... day school for girls with

a mission to provide high-quality (31) ........~.'-~Qm:t.~!Y. ........ education to

pupils aged eleven to eighteen.
Applicants should have a(n) (32) ........... p.X9Y.'-n............ track record In
teaching at 'A' level, although we would also welcome applicalions from
(33) ............

n..e.w.fr............. qualified teachers. Experience in the development

and delivery of (34) .... .. )n.t:J.9.1(~.(iy.~......

curriculum programmes would be a

teistinct advantaAA ")

I1 is highly (35) .. ...... .d..r:.$}r.l1.Qf~ ......... that applicants should be self-starters as

WiWn9 ............

well as team players and (36) .... ........

to participate in extra-

curricular activities. For further information and an application form, please

contact Mrs Jessica Beaumont on: 0208-427n21 . The (37) ...... ~.I.9.~i!f.lg .......
date for applications is May 15th.

20

INNOVATE

PART 4

Exam~
HOod sentences
vttry carefully

For questions 38-42 think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three
sentences. Here is an example (0).

o She commented that it was about ...... Jfp~ ........ she started helping more around
the house.

hocause there
will be clues
rogarding

People's eating habits have drastically changed over ...... Jfm~ ........ .
We took.

.. .fim.~ ...

.... to stop and admire the view on our journey.

moaning and
word class.

Example:

TIME

==1

38 I can't buy any new clothes at the moment; I'm completely

br.Q~~....... .

The vase ..... J~!'9.~~....... after the cat knocked it off the shelf.
' Iost everyth'Ing w hen h'IS company went ...............
broke
TIm
......... .
39 Eventually it ......~!-!m~JL ... out to be a beautiful day.
Brian ......'yrr~.f?{L .... to his father for support after his terrible accident.
Sorry about your T-shirt; it ..... .tU.t:O~. ...... green in the wash!
40 Sally wasn't ........ ~W~ ........ whether she would be going to the party or not.
I expected John to call me that night and ........~UnL ...... enough, he did.
Be ........$Mr.~ ........ to lock the door when you leave the house.
41 Apparently, Jim and Mary's house is .......w.9.rth ....... twice what it was when
they bought it.
He told her that it wasn't .. .. ...~.q,~~ ....... getting so upset over something so
small .
The storm caused thousands of pounds' .......'!'(.9.r!.~ ....... of damage to
people's homes.
42 The noise had been getting on Samantha's ......~~.t:Y.~~...... all morning.
Tom often goes jogging to calm his ......~~r.v:~~ ...... before making a
presentation.
He damaged some of the . .... !?~.ty~.~...... in his hand in the accident.

.
"

21

PART 5

Exam ~
If your Idea
doesn't fit
naturally into 3-6
words, don't
force it. tt's
probably wrong.

101

For questions 43-50 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use betw
three and six words, induding the word given. Here Is an example (0).

o He always gives the Impression that he's very confident.

ACROSS
He always .................. _............................................................ very confident.

Example,

I I
0

COMES ACROSS AS BEING =

0 =

43 I'm sure Sarah didn't mean to hurt your feelings.

INTENTION
I'm sure Sarah .............lIa!;(.n.Cl.intf:n.til1ll.l1f.h.ui1iog: ............. your feelings.
44 Andrew's behaviour was unforgivable.
EXCUSE
There's ....................nll. ~~!;.u~~..tl1r. tlluv.lIY. .................... Andrew behaved.

45 We need the public's support for the project to work.

SUCCEED
Whelher Ihe project .... ...... ..wi!l..$.u!<.c.ua. lQr..n.Q.f). JI.'p~J)JIL ......... on the

public's support.

@ I usually drink a cup of coffee first thing In the morning.

HABIT
I am ...~IJJIJ~..I.F~k~U~.U!.r!.tJ.I:c.~ng ... a cup of coffee first thing in the morning.

47 'Why don't you go to the dentist's, Steva?' saki his wife.

SUGGESTED

Stave's wife .... ......... .. ..~l:!g.!l~.~.~~~J(IJ~!1.!J.~. g~ .................. to the dentist's.

48 Could you please pass me my book?
KIND

Would ..................... y.'?y .p.~..~~..~~!!~ ..................... . as to pass me my book?

49 Thera isn't much chance that Sue will win the race.

,
~

PROSPECTS
Sue's ......... ... .. .. p.rg.~p.~.C;.~~. 9.r .~!.'J.I]!rgJt:!~J~.c;,~. ~.~~................. quite slim .

Ken's lies completely deceived me.

TAKEN

I ...... .............. .....!f~.$. . f.~~mP.!~t~!ylJ~.I:c.~njn ..~.Y. .......................... Ken's lies.

22

Test 1
PART 1

Exam~

(Approximately 40 minutes)

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which
fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

fl oad through the

questions very
carefully before you
Usten and think about
what you are being
nsked to listen for e.g.

the speaker's purpose,

IUtltudes & opinions or
what two speakers

ngree on.

EXTRACT 1
You hear two people on a radio programme talking about a new film with the actor
Greg Vanderbilt in it.

1 What is the woman's opinion of Greg Vanderbitt's role

in the film?

I 1 IB

A She thinks it shows how adaptable he is as an actor.

B She believes it reflects his true talent.
C She wonders if he was wrongly cast.

2 What do the two speakers agree about?

12

le

13

lA

14

IB

15

le

16

le

A the originality of the script

B the unpredictability of the ending
C the complexity of the plot
EXTRACT 2
You hear part of an interview with a former athlete called Jenny Price.
3 Why did Jenny give up her athletic career?
A She felt it was the right move at the right time.
B She was keen to fulfill another ambition.
C She had sustained too many injuries to continue.

4 Regarding the way she ex:ercises now, Jenny feels

A somewhat anxious about putting on weight.
B content with a gentler, more private kind of workout.
C committed to staying as fit and healthy as she was.
EXTRACT 3
You hear a radio discussion in which two writers are talking
about their careers.

5 What does the man say about the short stories he

used to write?
A They were not intended for a wide audience.
B They weren't well received by the critics.
C They helped to kick-start his career.

6 What do the two speakers agree about?

A Their success as novelists is mainly down to lucky breaks.
B Other jobs have given them valuable experience.
C Their income as writers is not dependable.

"

2,

PART 2

Exom ~
You will be able to read
and listen to the
Instructions. They will give
you a good Id.. of II1e

You'll hear an artist called Fraya Norton talking about her worK For ql:estlons 7-14,
complete the

sentences:~tfltfI""...

context of the recorded

infonnatlon and also
explain the listening task.

ABSTRACT
ARTIST

Freya reoalls that at school not only did she enjoy the art class but she also

'-____m_._d_e_ "_ie_n_d_s_____--'1_7-'1 there.

Seeing

lL..._ _ _ _
li_v'_
n_9_s_t_._tu_e_s_____--'I_s-'1

with painted bodies reminds

Freya of an incident that happened in her art class.

The artist Ro" Hams' 1

drawing style

191 was a great inspiration to Freya.

Freya tells of a mUSician who based his LI_ _ _ _S_O_IO_ . _

l b_u_m_ _ _ _ _...Lll_0...J1 on paintings by
Edward Hopper.
Freya says that she teels that her L...I_ _ _ _ _s_tU_d_IO
_ _ _ _ _ _...Lll_l-'1 is like a retreat that she can
escape to.
Freya says that she has been using LI_ _ _d_i_
"_
e_
' e_n_t_m
_. _
te_'_i._IS____--'-11_2....JI , namely wax and sand, in

her most recent work.

Freya tells us that her parents are no longer L...I_ _ _ _ _c_o_n_c_e_
rn_e_d______1...11_3-'1 about her living thE

Ine ot an artist.
She says that n was a(n) LI_ _ _ _e_X
_h_ib
_ '_
t'_
o_n_ _ _ _ _...Lll_4...J1 that changed her parents' perception

of ber career.

PART 3

exam~
Uon'! choose an
lioswer based on an
I..alated word. Read
1110 sentence and

lTIake sure you

ullderstand the
Dverall meaning.

You will hear part of a radio interview in which a travel writer, Owen Grifiths, is talking about
his career. For questions 15~20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits bes't according

to what you hear.

15 Why does Owen feel well suited to a career as a travel writer?

A He beHeves he has the desire and determination to succeed.

He finds it easy to adjust to living in different places.
C He feels he has both the right character and skills.

D He doesn't 1eel ready to senle down in one place.

Why d id Owen work for a newspaper after leaving university?
A to gain writing experience

B to follow in his mother's footsteps

to finance his novel writing

o

to please his parents

Why was Owen's first travel piece published?

A The paper had been planning a piece on that region.
B He was the only writer able to meet the deadline.

It solved a problem for his boss.

o His boss wanted to reward him.
According to Owen, what quality must a travel piece possess?

It needs a balance between information and opinion.

B It has to appeal to all readers of the newspaper.
C It should be constructed like a short story.
o It must convey the writ er's enthusiasm for the place.
What criticism does Owen make of his own writing?

He sometimes struggles to produce original pieces.

B He often ends up leaving out the best parts of his journeys.
C He believes his ideas could be better organised.
o He sometimes writes to please himself more than his readers.
According to Owen, what is the ultimate aim of travel writing?

to present an accurate picture of places around the world

B to enco urage the readers to visit certain places
C to challenge wrong ideas people have about places

to engage the reader on an emotional level

25

PART 4

Exam ~
Make sure you read

both tasks before

you listen the first
time.

You will hear five short extJacts In which people are talking about the use of technol
In their work.
While you listen you must complete both tasks.

TASK ONE

For questions 2125, choose from the list (A-H) the job each speaker does.
A coach driver

B paInter

Speaker 1

E 121

C bank clerk

Speaker 2

F 122

Speaker 3

H 1 23

E policeman

Speaker 4

G 1 24

F hotel receptionist

Speaker 5

C 1 25

security guard

G travel agent

H a photographer

TASK TWO

For questions 26-30, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker expresses.
A colleagues' reluctance to use technokJgy

B a successful transfer of his or her new skills

C a dislike of other peoples' aniludes

0 changes In consumer habits affecting business

E apprehension about career prospects

F a desire to change wori<ing practices

G a dislike of staff training
H their preference for a traditional way of

26

wo~ing

Speaker 1

Speaker 2

26 1
27

Speaker 3

28

Speaker 4

29

Speaker 5

30

Test 2

PART 1

Exam ,~
Oon't spend too
much lime on any
one part of the
paper. There may
be three texts here
but these make up
one part of the
paper so keep that
In mind and allocate
lime accordingly.

(1 hour 15 minutes)

You are going to read three extracts which are 'all concerned in some way with film and
theatre. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you mink fits best
according to the text.

WFlLL-@
There's no earthly reason why a studio of Pixar's haft should make a film like
WAU.. E. Luxuriously in the black on every film they've ever made, they have many
delighted shareholders and a new boss to keep happy now that they're officially part of
the Disney empire, and a trusting audience whose largesrcomplaint to date has been
that some of their films have failed to be instantly classic and merely managed 10 be very,
very good. In the animation world they're unparalleled in witty dialogue and nice
shiny textures, and everyone would probably be happy to devour more

iD

of the same for years to come. Well, thank goodness that Pixar
appears to have lost some of its business sense, and made a film
that's like nothing we'd expect, except in its quality. - That WAll- E is such a triumph sets a new precedent for Pixar.
If they are to stick their necks out with a film that veers from their

comfort zone and pays great dMdends - assuming it's the hit it
deserves to be at the box
them
This
an unqualified success,
means that a simple buddy comedy, even one as
intelligently and expertly crafted as Ratatouille, might seem
unambitious as a follow-up. We'll now expect surprise as well
as delight. You've raised the bar, Pixar: now jump it again.

1 The writer implies that the decisioA to make WALL-E was taken
A in response to criticisms of previous Pixar films.
B because Pixar could afford to take such a financial risk.
for reasons other than to satisfy the demands of the market.
o in an attempt to produce a film of a higher quality than usual.

2 In the second paragraph, the writer suggests that Pixar

A may find it difficult to make a film as good as WALL.E again.
@) need to maintain a high level of originality in their next film.
may be risking too much with films that are so artistically experimental.
o should put all their efforts into making a sequel to WALL-E.

27

PART 1

To become an actor, stage manager, (echnician, designer or director takes nOl

talent but dedication, commitment, energy and lime. All our srudenlS work long
hours and most discover physical, mental and emotional reserves they never
knew they possessed.
The rewards are great - the mastery of a craft. the confidence of self-expression,

the sense of being a vital part of something bigger than yourself - but they may
nor come quickly. Our students frequentlv auain overnight fame. but Ih:u is nOl~
our goal: we W'.ml our graduates stIli to be applving their RADA-training long
after they have left us.

We've been training first class theatre-makers for over a hundred years, but we
haven't stopped inquiring how we can do it better. Our teachers draw upon their
experience of the past and present to give our students the expertise to shape the
drama of tomorrow. We cannOt give you the deSire to be the best in your field,
if you have il, our slaff will help you nurture, focus and refine it.

3 It is hoped that RADA students will

A focus on discovering who they are rather than attaining success.

B achieve success quickly and maintain it long-term.

avoid valuing the attainment of success above everything else.
D develop a persistent determination to succeed no matter what.

4 What is the writer emphasising in the third paragraph?

A the drive and ambition necessary for students to succeed
B the pride the school takes in its achievements
the school's belief in personal and professional development
o the qualities necessary to become a skirted actor

28

.:

Test 2

Chicken Shed
Ten years ogo, researching 0 feature for a Sunday newspaper, I sow the only piece of drama
I've ever seen which achieved whot many would argue Is the theatre's ultimate ambition: to
change profoundly the way we look at the world. The play, The Attraction, was a muslcalloose/y

based on the myth of Beauty and the Beast wrttten and performed by 0 then little-known outfit
coiled Chicken Shed.
It would be dishonest to pretend that the commission filled me wfth glee. Chicken Sheet I was

P'JrrxxtsP

briefed, was 0 theatre company thot

to futly-lntegrote the disabled and able- ' \
bodied, and The Attraction was their biggest project so for. To be truthful, I expected, at best, a

pooffy-wrttten, poorty-perfooned piece of community theatre; and , at worst. on excruclotion /

which patronised the disabled by affecting to Include them In on activity from which their
bodies prevented them playing any more than a purely passive role.

What I sow thot night was something guile different. something so extraordinary

,hot to this dOy".

I con remember not Just the plOt. the performers and even some of the tunes, but also how I felt
- on oddly complex cocktail of emotions ranging from astonishment. wistfulness and a sense of
heightened humUity to extreme excitement. surging optimism and sheer joy.

5 Why was the writer unenthusiastic about seeing the performance?

A He didn't believe such an amateur company could pull it off successfully.
B He had been previously disappointed by community theatre.
C He believed it would be too difficult to judge it by normal criteria.
@ He didn't believe it could achieve what the theatre company claimed.

6 The writer suggests that the performance ultimately

A proved the experts wrong regarding the ambition of theatre.
B provoked in him feelings of confusion and self-doubt.
far exceeded his personal expectations.
o caused him to feel ashamed of himself.

29

PART 2

Ch"""1

You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract.
from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (7-12). There is one extra paragraph you do not need to

HERE BE DRAGONS
There is a dragon in the lavatory. It is a gianl: nine feet
long and broad shouldered, with its dark, scaly head. It is
drinking from the bowl and [urns in a series of lumbering
movements towards me, ils forked tongue stabbing al tbe
air. It is staring at me through tiny, reptile eyes; I am biting
my lip to check I'm still awake. After travelling for three
days,l have had my first experience of a Komodo dragon,
in a Third World public convenience.

E
'Tpe adults take longer to arrive, trundling out of the forest
in a slow swagger. The dragons rely on their highly toxic
saliva to kiU their prey, and as they waddle towards the
kitchen, strings of drool dribble from their dinosaur jaws.

le I

And so tbey drink from the lavatory instead, It is an

incongruous, but sensational sigbt. Now all but confined to
the tiny neighbouring islands of Komodo and Rinca, the
2.500 remaining dragons are like _f)_ouam from another era,
living fossils in the weirdest, most wonderful sense.

A
"Over here!~ shouts the ranger. ~In the bushes, quick! ~ He
is standing in the shadow of a smaU copse, with a gigantic
dragon an arm's length in fron t of him and his heavy
wooden stick braced defensively berween them. It is lying
motionless in the pool of shade, but its eyes are as cold as
an arctic gale, and its body is tense. As J lean forward to
take a photograph, 1 feel like I'm staring down the muzzle
of a gun and I'm loving every minute of it.

30

110 I

L._~.L-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- - '
Not only this. but it can also be very treacherous.

~I

heard

about large rcrries being sucked under here, says a

German backpacker. "There was no warning, they were
just dragged down by the currents and swallowed up." It
doesn't sound like good news, but all the same we sit on
deck in the sunshine, watching as Komodo slides past our
bows.

o
As we settle down uDder turquoise skies 10 watch the
dragons, every bumpy minute of the journey seems

worthwhile. AJlhough protected by the Komodo National

Park, Rinca and Komodo are under pressure. The islands'
human population has increased 800 per cent in the last six
decades and poaching of some of the dragons' favourite
prey is putting the giant reptiles in peril. Once stranded al
the ends of the earth, tbe Komado dragon must
increasingly compete with humans, and the outcome is far
from certain.

G
t serious. however, and within an hour, we are
a ard Ihe liule plane, buzzing back west towards the
burger bars of Bali. It is 9am, and somewhere, 30,OOO-feet
below, the dragons a re once again following the smell of
frying eggs to a group of tourists.

Test 2

........................."............................................................................................ ~EXam tip

Iwv hOU(3 latcr and we are standing al
Iht, liummit of a hilI overlooking the
IUnger station and the pretty bay our
hlMI is moored in. Up here, the giant
u'ptilcs are never far away. They lie in
wlt;1 for water buffalo. the dragons'
luvt)urite prey, and strike with breakneck
' IH:ed when they stray within range .

'Wc don't feed them, but they come

duwn here every morning anyway," says
the ranger. ~Even uwe did share our
1\ltxJ, the big ones weigh 70kg and can
(;,1 80 per cent of their body weight in a
~l l1 glc sitting - it's not like an omelette's
~\l ing to satisfy them."
!l,e journey from tl.!.~ frenetic streets of
Kut8 in Bali began three days earlier, in
the back of a coughing bus. Rinca and
Kumodo are best reached from the large,
n:mote island of Flares - where, it was
revealed this week, archaeologists
ill.scovered the skele tal remains of linle
humans. For 21st-century Homo sapiens,
tht! slow trip east i(i)am~of four
huses and three ferries.

tropical air. The young dragons, jumpy

and excitabl~barely a foot long,
have already been attracted by the
cooking smells, and dart betwee n trees as
they close in on the ranger station.
F Named Flores (which means 'flowers')
by the Portuguese who once settled here,
this wild, volcanic island is one of
Indonesia's most spectacular. Rundown
Labuhanbajo is little more than a chaotic
mishmash of wood and tin, but its
setting, around a dramatic bay filled with
islets, is absolutely stunning.

After reading the

incomplete text,
look carefully at the
information which
comes before and
after each gap. Pay
special attention to
words which refer to
people, time and
places.

G Back on Flares, the buses east are

bumpier than ever. But by the time we
have checked into a hotel room in the
eastern town of Maumere, with a plane
ticket back to Bali on the bedside table,
we feel like we have returned to the 21 st
century. But there is one final reminder
that we are at the untamed end of the
modern worl"d;.~w~a~;t~;n~ggl;O~,~~~~
back to BaIi, ~

Wc dock in a liny cove on Rinca's

northern shore, a postcard setting as
evocative of prehistoric times as a trip
thro ugh Jurassic Park. Rinca is the
~ maller of the dragons' two island
habitats, but chances of seeing the
re ptiles here are higber. Only a
handful of tourists visit tbe island, and
we have the ranger station 10
ourselves, with an invitation 10
breakfast thrown in.
I': It is breakfast time on the tiny

Indonesian island of Rinca, and the

sme ll of frying em hangs in the soggy

31

PART 3
You are going to read a newspaper article. For questions 13-19 choose the answer (A , S, C or D) which you fhink
best according to the text.

Who's that girl?

Actress Gina McKee , the star of Donmar's 'lvanov: is nothing like the women she portrays.
Alice J ones meets her.

Elegant, alabaster4pale and with a measured murmur of a

voice, Gina McKee is, initially at least, regally mysterious. But
every so often you catch a chi nk in the aClresSs calm exterior.
More than once she breaks orr from one of her thoughtfully
evasive: answers to say, with a strong hint of a Geordie aca:nt,
"blether, bletherD or '" don't want to sound \00 posh .. ~. When
I walk into her opu lent hotel suite, she is standing looking
mulitatively out of the window In a neat purple cardigan,
knee-length black silk skin and ballet pumps, bUl, as she
turns, she crams a biscuit into her mouth and mumbles hello
Ihrough a mouthful of crumbs. Lau=r, when there is a knock at
the door, she leaps up to open it and sprints girlishly down the
corridor.

This ability to combine a star qualhy with that of a down-toeanh every woman in her penonnances, which oITet only the
mildest of hints at the emotion swi rling beneath a coolly
restrained sunace, have made McKee. one of Britain's most
respected actresses. McKee's first Chekhov role in Ivanov pits
her opposite Kenneth Branagh as the tubercular wife of Ivanov
(Branagh), Anna's physical and mental health disintegrates as
her husband indulges in a mid-life crisis. Somebody asked me
at work, 'is this the first Chekhov play you've done?' And I
(f4l nearly said 'nu I don't even know wh)( she admits. You can see
'"'<. wh)\ though. McKtt and Chekhov would seem to be a match
made In heaven - all wan suffering and overwrought emotions
bubbling under the sunace.
So does all this repressed emotion burst out of her when she
stops working? " I was IlIming Mike Le:igh's Naked and I was
really immersed in it. I went to a dinner pan)' and one of my
friends asked, 'do you nOI bring it home with you?' 1 said, 'no'
and, at exactl y the same time, my husband said 'yes: She
smiles ruefull y, As a rule, McKee likes to keep the boundaries
strictly drawn between home and work. Of her husband, she
says vaguely; -He's been in the industry but he's nOI now.
What's great is that he understands how it works:' She's aware
that she has previously come across as frosti ly guarded on
(f5) personal matters. ~There's a way of negotiating how you
""
nra our rivale life ublicl that I've never had the .
to do ~ she confesses. "In the be innin I was sli hll clums
about it.~
Far from being a precocious child star, as a teenager McKee
spotted a poster for a youth drama workshop in a shop
window an;t joined up. She was spoiled by a TV scout and

32

landed a pan on the child ren's show Quest of Eagles in 197

On leaving school. McKee was all sella sludy Iheatredesign:J
art college. kBu t at the eleventh hour I gOl on a midnight bu
to London.~ There, she applied to and was re' ted b th
drama schools- Bristol Lamda and Central. "To be fair Central
said come back next year. when you're 18. But by the time I
was 18, I was working. I think those three schools recognised
that 1 wasn'l going to settle down there:, Maybe it wou ld have
helped. I was a bit on the back foot -I wasn't very good about
advertising myself. 11 was a slow bum,"
Slow bum or nOl, she soon landed partS in Auf Wiedersehen,
Pet and Inspector Morse and eventually Our Friends in the
North, with a cast including Daniel Craig. In her Safts-winning
turn as Mal): McKee aged from 181052. Now 'loi years old,
does ageing concern her? "No. It's great being in your forties. 1
feel like I've got enough history to learn from and enough
fU lure 10 enjoy." That said, when I ask her later about one of
her credits on the movie websiLe IMDb, she launches inLO a
good-humoured rant. "They've got my age wrongll'm younger
than , halo 1 was born in 1964, nOt 1961 . I don't think I've got
anyone else's 01. But l 've gOt somebody else's age. One of my
agents tried to change it and they won't - I suppose they think
every actress is trying to pretend they're younger. ....
So having worked with prelty much every Sign ificant name in

British film , does Gina McKee hankerahera Hollywood career,

like that of her erstwhi le colleague Cra ig? "I'm ch uffed to bits
for
But it's nOt an obvious <o,m,.';;"'".

. i

i not
I
to stay for school and all thaLBut
the whole big-time Hollywood thing. it's incredibly unlikely.
isn't itr

Would she feel adrift in LA, away from her Northern rootS?
McKee thinks hard for a moment before giving a t ical1
ambiguous answer. "where 1 grew up in the Nonh-easl, the
community there, and the way people relate to one another,
goes very deep. But I don't define myself as a Northerner in
that I don't live in the North, So what does that make me?" she
ponders. ~ I suppose I'm a bit of everything, like a \\bolwonhs
picn'mix."

Ixom~
Alllrst read only the
!lllftbllons , without
11 .. options. This will
, Ittlp you to read

muro effectively
11111"

Test 2

13 What is the writer emphasising about the actress in the first paragraph?
A her manner of speaking
B her serious, contemplative air
C her graceful, elegant appearance

@ her contradictory charaC1eristics

14 In the second paragraph, we learn that Gina McKee
A always plays the same kind of character.

h!ls the perfect QlJalities for her Cl !repnt role.

C is very ordinary behind her facade.
D is quickly rising to unexpected stardom.
15 What point does the writer make about the actress' personal life?

It is a difficult topic of discussion for her.

B Her husband sometimes cannot empathise with her.

e She appears somewhat cold and Insensitive on the subject.

o It is something she refuses to talk about publicly.

16 It is implied that when Gina McKee was trying to start her acting career,
A others didn't believe she would make il.

the odds seemed stackecj against her.

e she almost gave up several times.
o she did all the wrong things.

17 When talking about her age, Gina McKee reveals that

A others are more concerned about it than she is.
B she is often encouraged to pretend that she is younger.

@) others may believe that she is uncomfortable with il,

o her career could be affected by it being wrongly reported.
18 When the writer asks Gina McKee about her Mur@

rationj)he says that

A she is willing to make personal sacrifices for the sake of her career.

she is open to possibilities without having unrealistic expectations.

e

she is keener to fulfill personal ambitions than to achieve greater success.

o she is detennined to prove wrong those who have tried to put limitations on her.
19 Gina McKee's answer to the writer's final question

could be interpreted in more than one way.

B doesn't necessarily reflect her true feelings.

e failed to answer her question adequately.
o changes her original impression of her.

33

PART 4

Exam~
Don't waste time
reading the whole

text several times in

detail. Read once

You are going to read an article about the results of a review writing competition. For questlc
20-34, choose from the section (A-H) . The sections may be chosen more than once.
Note: When more than one answer Is required, these may be given in any order.

Which lectlon of t he article mentions

reViews of one genre unexpectedly having something In

common?

carefully, then try to

loom in on what

the fact that an entrant may have a bright future as a writer?

answers the
questions.

an overall satisfaction with reviews in a category?

an observation made by an entrant that was overlooked
by others?

I 20 I D

I2 1 I F I

I23 I C

an Initial uncertainty regarding how to spot quality entries?

I24 IA

the necessity of critics maIntaining a persistent approach?

I 25 I A

a wor1< which was considered together with wider factors

I 26 I G

that relate to it?

an entrant who showed passion for a genre and such tasks?

I 27 I F

the fact thet entrants paid attontlon to an Impof1ant suggestion? 1 28 1 B

the fact that sometimes reviews that writers have tried to

perfect do not stand out in the end?
an entrant who won only after a debate between Judges?
an entry prol/Oklng a Judge's Inte",st in a work despite the
fact he or she wasn't familiar with it?

131 1 D 11 32 1 H

an appreciation of review, despite the fact thet there were

many reviews of the same work?

1 33 1 E

the fact that a judge was pleased by an obseNaHon made by

some entrants?

34

I 30 I c

I 34 I B

try this at home

Balman, booting lokes, the sound of dying
werewolves
Ihe tnlries (0 our young critics
tt.

competition

wen'

full 01 surprises. AJ1S etiuor'

Melissa Denu n!W.'ols who won.

A Wben

we launched our young critics

6?l competition this summer, we weren't.

~ entirely

sure what we were after. After all.

what makes a great piece of criticism and
a really persuasive critic? We started by
asking our own writers to explain, in 400
words. what they were doing d&,y in, day
out. Even they weren't sure. Nancy BanksSmith, TV critic for nearly 40 years, wrote:
"Anvbody who can write can be a TV critic
ror 8 month. Af't.er that. you need stamina."
Adrian Scarle, our art critic, said there was
really only one rule: "Look, look armin. and
keep on looking. If you don't like looking,
don't write about art.. There were eight
categories, split into two age groups: under
14 and 14-18.

C Judges

A1exis Petridie and Lauren

Laverne were united on the 14-18 pop
winner: Hannah Ehrlicb, 15, who reviewed
SpirituaJized" Songs in A&E. Petridis ~~
thought she'd spotled something the /
professionals missed: that Spiritua.lized's
focus on drugs and redemption was
anotber fonn of "macho hedonism". In the tm
under.14s, thE' judw argued about what?
they were looking for. but our winner was
13,yearoQld Robert Hardy's review of the
Big Gig in Bromley, London - because,
said Lavcme, "it'. got spirit",

was a surprisingly cynical tone to the J9

B Artist Gavin Turk, who belped judge Lhe D There
TV reviews but also a lot ofspritely writing.

visual art category, was delighted by the

popularity of Martin Creed's Work No 850,
in which athletes sprint. through Tate ~
Britain. He liked how you found the ?
humour in it, noticing that people giggled
Offi as the runners went by, And you aH
G:..... seemed to heed SearIe'sadvice. You looked
and looked again -at Vivienne Westwood's
ball gown, at Tratey Emin', short filmI.
Our winner was Tim Davies, 16. who
wrote vividly about the roofl.op boat.ing
lake at the Hayward gallery's Psycho
'-Buildings show in London.

Olivia McCarthy, 12, won for her review of

8BC2's Thames Shipwrecks; in the older
group, Nancy BanbSmith felt IB-year-old
Annie Hodson', take on &ris Johnson's
Who Do You Think You Are? was "amusing
and readable - way ahead of the others",
Fellow judge David Attenborough agreed: tifI
her voice was strong enough to make him?
think about the programme, he said. even
though he hadn't seen it.

35

PART 4

DB
try this at home
E

Heath Ledger's brilliantly evil Joker

caught. ,the imagination of our young
f'um critics. Seamus ConJon, 18, won for
bis review of The Dark Knight.: -re
Burton's Batman; he wrote, -Jack
Nicholson did a very good job of being
Jack Nicholson. Here Ledger completely
destroys everything of Nicholsoo's
clown. While director Beeban Kidron
tf.b and critic Peter Bradshaw grumbled
~about the sheoer number of Batman
reviews. lhey f."njoyed Seamus's close
reading of the pple. In the older age
grouP. 16year-old Ellie Wh.ittaker's
review of Mamma Mia! took ftrSt. place.
Bradshaw found Ellie the funniest writer
- crucial when it. comes to a film, as EUie
put it, whose storyline IS constructed
solely around the bits of a shiny spandexclad 70s band from Sweden.

F In the classical music category, judge

Myleene Klass thought Kathryn
Buckley's review of the CBSO Youth
t.i'1) Orchestra showed -maturity - she has
~ fantastic
potential-, But she was
outvoted by Guardian critics Tom
Service, Erica Jeal and Andrew
Clements, who plumped for Ben WeaverHincks' review of an EM! recording of
Stabat Mater. In the dance category.
Amelia Tearle's review of Romeo and
Juliet at the Royal Opera House
&to. triumphed. "She clearly loves the ballet
~ and enjoys writing,~ said judge and
choreographer Richard Alston of Ameli..
..,00 16.

36

G Our judges found something to like in...@

ewrv architecture review. The pme
went to Louise Naylor, 16, for her piece
about Leeds Market: ~detailed c::arvings
of dragons and dates, still meticulous,
having braved the acid rain~. Both
Jonathan Glancey and Zaha Hadid ~
admired the wav Louise's wrilingP
-meandered through the building" while
still placing it in its larger context...

H Shakespeare

dominated
theatre.
Magdalen Christie, 12, won for her
review ofTimon of Athens at tlle Globe. ta
Playwright Rov Williams didn't know?
the plav ~but Magdalen made me
curious-. In the older category, the
winner was 17-year.old Tilly Spencer's
review of Hamlet at Stratford-uponAvon. Our critic Miebael Billington
praised her ~good descriptions of the
tlU\iOr performance6-.
What did we learn? That first. and last
lines are bard, however old you are.. That
incredible and "amazing" are a dead
end when it. comes to getting to t.he heart
of what makes something wonderful. 6Q
That the best reviews aren't always the.,Ft'
most polished: wherever you bad fun, we
had fun, too.
It's been an adventure. Let's do it all

again nexLyear. And remember: keep 00

looking.

Test 2

PART 1

(1 hour 30 mins)

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 180-220 words in an appfopriate style.

1
,1\". sure you read
,1111111 information
11.,.." 10 you in the
,+till of lists, notes

Last summer you had a job with an intemabonal company that promotes films. Your
friend Eddy has written to you asking about it. Read the extract from your friend's
letter and from your diary below. Then, using the information appropriately, write a
letter to your friend saying whether or not you would recommend the job to your
friend and giving your reasons.

" ,lOmments, as
,..... form the basis

f" your answer. The

... ~ wNt do 'I"" thi.lo? ~ thi"5-1 ""'''' .-t ;.; n, ~ Ioo.k of
I\<-W film<; .od ~ ....&" c-09I foY holiJo,. I'd >ko r- n, ~ '"'1

'I tn of language
... tttl ln presenting
t.. Information
),,,un will help you
11",,!de how formal
.. If,formal your
I,,_wer shou ld be.

~io;h .od ff'+ ~ ~I

"""*- ~eo= of the. ~ ti.....

e
e
e

6thjuly
Nm: a Im: to do. Sat around answering the phones all day. TIle onlY exciting
thing was getting to run up and down the stairs to deliver a few mps mge5
9thjuly
Things are improving. Got to see some new films on the OffIce OVD p/Qyer.
Even got to speak to an American film director on the phone!
13thjuly
Got paid today. The money isn't bad but 1 need to spend less by making
my own sandwiches and walking to work.

19th july
Great day. Got invited on an all-expenses-paid trip to the Venice Film
Festimll

Write your letter. You do not need to include postal addresses.

37

PART 2

Exam

Tiinr~

In order to write 8
report or a proposal,
you will need to use

relevant vocabul8!Y.
You need to use
straightforward.
formal language
and wnte In 8n

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer In 220-260
In an appropriate style.

w4

2 A friend of yours has applied for a job as an activities coord1Oator at 8 summer cam~
children and you have been asked to provide a reference. The advertisement for th
stated that the SI 'OCeSsful candidates would have relevant skills 10 offer in the Bte
sport. music or the performing arts (drama. dance ate) as well as haVIng ex
organisaUonaJ skills
You should include Information about your friend's personality, character and skills' j
relevant previous experience and reasons why you woukt recommend them for the

Impersonal tone.
Write your re'erence.

3 You are entering an essay-writing competition. You must wnte an essay wrth the I
'Many schools today are Investing heavily In new technology. How important do you ttthis is?'

Write your essay.

4 You work parttlme at a sports centre and have received this memo from your boss

n....

...

I\( 'I''' ""....., "'" .,.'" \.0 , ~ dO'Df i. ~if ~

;rlth&~. I _kI k ~, if 'JO" ...kI....nn. ... , ....,..t ..tfi.i~

beli........ th& ~~ .od _~ of th& ~.

Plea- ~ wh>t th& ~ 'blj . - - f..- th& dO'Df i. ~if
wh>t

'JO"

.... .od <>~ ~ale ""'1' '" ""'" -fj,~ rh,...

Write your report.

5 Answer one of the following two questions based on one of the books you have read"
(8) Choose one character in the book and write an easey comparing the relatlonshl~
he/she has with two other people In the book.

(b) Write an article based on an imaginary InteMew with one of the characters from lt1
book for B magazjne.

,
38

Test 2
(1 hour)

PART 1

am Ti-r":;'
..m ~ being tested,
!or structural
~n, I~e prepositions,
kAl t\l'e needed to
loOt the meaning
_~ the situation.

For questions 1~12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or 0) best fits
each gap. There Is an example at the beginning (0) .

o A endure

Example,

8 experience

suffer

o bear

IL..:0:...LI_--=c_--LI===.o'-'==-.JI

DIAGNOSING DYSLEXIA
"Ilproximately five per cent of the population
till .. _~.f!t!.'!..t:. ... from dyslexia. The (1) .....0:.(.{.2.~ . of
the disorder is unknown and il i~ (2) .co..rn.J.11.p.J.1Jrgund
In people of olhe~ normaJ, }nlcUcctWJI abilit/. The

nmdilion is (3) .. f)r.Lta.r..~ .~l1. a~VSevere reading

Mficullies. with dyslcxics frequently confusing tellers or

W1'rds. They may. {or example, read ~fjwrile letters. words
uf5Cnlences in the wrong (4) ....

.o.r.ft1.!.C........ Although

Ihe problem can be (5) .. ,Q.J/.l.rC:Q..m :i--with intensive

Ithlruction, sufferers usually continue 10 read and write
poorly throughout tbeir lives.
I'ruditionally, diagnosis has been mad~ b1.leading experts,
,.,hlch means that man~J (6) .. ca:.?5.9.......... are not
tnrmally (7) .. 1J.L.~K.!.k!...fd. .P ntil a child is around len
~CUr5 of age. ~ow. however, a group of psychologists in the
United States believe that they have found a way of
Identifying in their first days of life children who will

cause

develop dyslexi" ._This is cx5itin,.news as early identification

and (8) .. ..J.nK.fY..O:1h:.f..r.I. make early instruction
possible, perhaps avoiding later problems altogether.
The research learn has identified (9) .....
differences between the brain ( 10) .....w..<l.r...~
patterns of dyslexics and those of better readcr&. AU8china
electrodes 10 the heads of babies just 36 hours old, Jt)ey
measured the size and speed of their brain resP9~ 10
selected stimuli. The children were (11) ...~..~.~,1..1l..[1.
and given IQ and comprehension tests every two years, AI
eight, reading tests were administered 10 idenlify Ihose who
were dyslexic. More than 90 percent diagnosed as dyslexic
could have been singled out at bin~.
This research is still in its (12) ..{~:f.,~.!1.f.~ bUI may result
in a future in which dyslexia no tonget causca lifelong
distress.

I/:.ih.:.n.td::..

............ .

C result

0 explanation

C customarily

0 actually

B distinguished

C marked

0 Identified

4 A arrangement

B series

C sequence

5 A defeated

B surpassed

1
2

A naturally

characterised

6 A instances
7

picked up

B reason
commonly

cases

B noted down

@overcome

order
0 conquered

C times

0 occurrences

C shown up

0 puldown

8 A interference

B Intrusion

@ IntelVenlion

0 recognition

9 A frank

B evident

dlstinct

0 precise

C pulse

0 signal

C followed

0 Inspected

C outset

0 origins

10 A pace
11

monitored

12 A beginnings

@wave
B viewed
@Infancy

3!

PART 2

Exam

n~ '-~

For questions 13--27. read the text below and think of the word whlcn oes! ms eacn gap. 'i
only one word in each gap. There Is an example at the beglnmng (0).
I

Anumbet' 01 the

missing words are

Example:

LI0:....LI_=BO
=-T,-,H':"""'.J..I= =.0",=",,-,1

usually prepositions

or articles.

VISITING THEANTARCTIC
At present, the easiest

way to

(0 )

b.9..t!1 ...

see and experience the

Antarctic is by ship.
Tourists travel, eat
and sleep on the sh;p
and are normally
landed via innatable
boalS.( l J) .. _.... " .. ~.tliD. .... .... vanoos locations (Of a few hours. This has the
added advantage (14) ... ..9,f ....... __. limiting the t"OVironmental impact
of tourism in the region. Usually, tourists stop at two or three sites a day,
dependent (15) ..............QO... ,....... weather conditions.
Ships departing (rom southern South America typically concentrate
(16) ...... ,......9.0. .............. activities around the Antarctic P!piosuJi, in the west.
(1 7) ............ wJtb ............. ils "buning nf wildlife, c;eeCiacu'w w orry and
concentration of scientific r~earch stations. On the other hand, visits to East
Antarctica are limited (18) ............. JQ .............. ships from Australia and New
Zealand.
All voyages, regardless of (19) .......... .f.l1!#ir............. point of origin,
(20) .......... m.p.~fL......... use of visits to sub-Antarctic islands enroute in order
10 break the voyage. There is also a growing trend to provide 'lid
' such
~ sea-kayaking. scuba-diving, overnight stays ashore and brief

.
!
II I \
in.
mountaineering
ex pod'l'
I Ions to afasc
.
-I . ............ t h e more
adventurous.
The only (22) ........... 9.1.b.@l.. ......... possibility is to travel by air. Mountain
climbers. skiers, trekkers and (23) ._ ,_...~~~!'L.... "... ordinary tourists fly
from Chile to a summer camp in Patriot Hills. from here, flights are made to
a variety of places for mountain climbers and to localions
(24) ..ft~9tJ9/.~t9..l:I.m!. .. the southern coasts, (25) .......... w.tUW~ .......... tourists
can see penguin coIontes. (26) ....~Itt1.QM9fL_ ... costs are high, ~
; illllriIi!il.
are tailored to (2n ~uitlmee.t1yfJucIJJJ.1e .s. specifIC requirements.
w

40

.... . . .

Test 2 I
PART 3
I

.om

Tin r-~

Ia from both

For questions 28-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some
of the lines to form a word that fits the gap in the same line. There is an example at the

beginning (0) .

.",Ience and
'nlll OS a whole if
11 fuutor or a plural

Example,

I 0 IPROBLEMATIC I

=0=

lIuntled

HllOce travel is actually a lot more

CO) .. P.fR~/f!.'!J.~~~f? ... than we assume; for example,
wlluld you sleep inside a(n) (28) .....ioflatt?I~.....
hllllooo? That, in essence, is what astronauts at the
It,lernational Space Station' could be doing in the not too distant future.
~'nced with the problem of less than (29) .... ~p..~r#.QJ!!L .. living and
working compartr:nents, ins:enious Hcien~ists ~e up wit~ 8(n)
(!JO) ...C{mtrO.v.er.Slal... .
ifranSlt HabitatiOn Module IS made
from (31) ....... .fIIXible........
wtich, whe,: packed up, can fit snugly
inside the space shuttle for 32) tr.an.$polfatJ.Qo . When it is fma11y
I>osilioned in space, it expands like a balloon la double its volume. Woven
rrom the same (33) ... y.~g~~.~~~9.~~ .... fibres that are used to make ~r,
worn by police officers and soldiers, the modules are strong enough to
withstand most space (34) .... (;.QIIi.$i.Clf.l.$. .... . Folding floors and walls lock
into position to provide instant (35) ..~~.~g!J.l.m.Q.g!!.t~gn .. . Sleeping
quarters are double-walled, and the gaps are filled with water. This
protects (36) .. m.IJ~9.!'~.IJ~.~... from radiation as weU as keeping the noise to
II (37) .... m.io/mum .... . The final module is amazing - tt; S"HiM . of
space technology.
-

newtaea. 'ire

(:triP

INFLATE

SPACE
CONTROVERSY
FLEX
TRANSPORT

BREAK

ACCOMMODATE
INHABIT

41

PART 4

Exam ~
Oon't worry If you
don't know all
three meanings
of the word. If
you're sure of
one or two It's
probably the right
word for the third
as wall.

For questions 38-42 think of one word only which can be used appropriately In all
sentences. Here ls an example (0).

o She commented that it was about ...... J{m.~ ........ she started helping more arG
the house.
People's eating habits have drastically changed over ...... J!m.~ ........
We took ...... J!m.~_

Example:

... _... to stop and admire the view on our journey_

TIME

= 0=1

f.m.........

38 Sarah badly .........

her leg while scrambling over the rocks.
TIm wanted to get home quickly so he took a short ......... g.'!.f......... across tli
field.
I need to lose weight so I'm going to ........ ~~......... down on desserts.

39 The charity hopes to ........f.~.~~.f!. ....... a lot of money to help their cause.
I was a difficult child and it wasn't easy for my parents to ....... r.~!~!!........ me.
It is believed they will soon be able to ...... ..t:~!~~ ....... the Titanic from th
ocean bed.

40 It was a ..... J9Y.9f:L .... decision but I finally sold my sports car.
I'm sorry, I can't eat this steak ; it's too .......t~!!ll!L .... .
Don' t worry about the toy; it's very ..... J~!!.9!J. ...... and won't break.
41 An appeals court ruled that it hadn't been a ....... ..f.i!.~~......... trial.
She has a beautiful ........ .f.~JL ....... complexion.
It's ..... ..f.~~L ...... to say that food prices are on the increase.
42 With the buses ..... r!:mf.1.~r.9.

.... every ten minutes, it won't be a problem gettin'!;

there on time .

....~y.r:!~.~t:t.S1. ... a successful business requires a

lot of determination.

Sam waited with the engine ... .Jy.o.nlO'9..... while I popped into the post OffiCE
to buy some stamps.

42

PARTS

IMumJ!RS?
'hll IIOolnnin9 of
'I .. "I)(lond
,'hilce will
Ifl1ltlhnes help

'Iul ltclde what

1l1t1 IlIro Is used
'If

For questions 43-50 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (O).

He always gives the impression that he's very confident.

ACROSS
He always .................................................................................. very confident.

1111010 gap.
Example:

COMES ACROSS AS BEING

0 =

43 These vegetables can go off if you leave them out of the fridge.
TENDENCY

These vegetables ..............n.CJ."!(f#. . f!.J~mt.~{JJ.;yJQ.............. go off if you leave them

out of the fridge.
44 He continued by saying how happy he was to see us all there.
WENT
He .............. ~~ntgn. ~9.. ~.c;ty. ................ that he was happy to see us all there.
45 He didn't forget any of his lines on stage.
ONCE
Not .................. ..(~'f.~!J.J..<?;f!.t?~. ~~~..':'.~. t~r.9~.~

.................... his lines on stage.

46 UOon't go near the water, " Tina told her daughter.

WARNED
Tina ................. ~~rr..~~ t:r.~r..~~.l:'.g.':'.,~t!J.t;?!..~~.... .............. go near the water.

..

47 He usually makes a lot of spelling mistakes in his essays.

PRONE

;s 1:".nrone
to making
. ta k es In
. hIS essays.
He .............
..........
. .. . a 10t 0 f spe 11Ing mls
48 He eventually accepted his divorce.
TERMS
He eventually .......................C?~P.~. ~9.. ~~.r!!."!~ ..~!.(t:! ........................ his divorce.
49 Mary phoned before leaving home in case they had cancelled the meeting.
CALLED
In case the meeting ............... ~.~.r!.. !?r;;~f!. .~~.~~r;;~ .~!!. ................. , Mary phoned
before leaving home.
50 lucy doesn't mind whether she goes to France or Italy as long as she goes on
holiday.
DIFFERENCE
It makes ..... !J.~ ..r!.W~~~.t:'.~.f:! ~~ ~~t?y ....... whether she goes to France or Italy

.. ..

as long as she goes on holiday.

43

PAPER 4 - LISTENING

PART 1

Exam~
Answer all
questions. Never
leave a blank.
You may nol be
sure of the
correct answer
but you might
have understood
more than you
think.

. . _.
-"

(Approximately 40 minutes)

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A. B or C)
which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

1
EXTRACT 1

You hear a woman telling a friend about her encounter with a snake while she was on holiday.
What did the woman do to avoid the risk of being bitten by the snake?
A She followed advice she'd heard .

"

fA' cl

B She trusted her first instinct.

C She made a noise to scare it away.

2 How does she feel about her response to the incident?

A annoyed with herself for being frightened

B proud of the way In which she reacted

Cl

ng1.

Nt
5

0"

C disappointed that she had not tried to kill the snake

EXTRACT 2

You hear two friends talking about their gap year experiences.

6) 3

Sarah didn't go to India because

A she didn't feel she could cope with the living conditions there.
B she didn't meet the requirements for the project there.

C she decided the project in Africa was more suitable for her.

How did Paul feel before he went to South America?

A worried about his parents' attitude towards him going
B hesitant about going so far away from home
C confident about the benefits of taking a gap year

I2 I B

EXTRACT 3
You hear a student and a professor discussing an essay the student wrote.

5 What do the student and the professor disagree about regarding the essay?
A the accuracy of the argument

15 I c I

B the way the argument is presented

C the lack of evidence supporting the argument.

v'

6 What is the student's attitude towards his essay after talking with the professor?
A He stili has a higher opinion of it than the professor.

B He sees it as a learning experience. 11

C He teffis less disappointed about it

Is I B

now.

45

PART 2

Exam

You will hear the commander of an emergency response team tafk to his team In preparation
for a rescue situation. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences.

Ti~r''''>

Before listening , read

through the set of
sentences and think
about the type of
information that is
misslng. Remember
that most answers will

be nouns or very short

noun groups e.g.
adjective plus noun.
According to Initial lnfannation about the earthquake, the most damage

I.

and victims are on the LI_____e_B_s_t_sl_d_e_ _ _ _ _ _ _I_7

L J

During the night, authorities have been trying to find and help victims and to make sure routes to

' -_ _ _ _
h_O_Sp_ft_B_'_S_ _ _ _ _--11_8...J1 are clear.
The command9f' emphasises the importance or opening a command post within

60/sllC/y

minutes

He says that the location of special relief '--_ _ _ _ _t_e_n_ts_ _ _ _ _ _ _.L11_0...J1 needs to be
decided on as soon as possible.

The commander Informs the team that all evacuations will be carried out by a

specla'

teBm

111

I.

He says that LI_____

h_e_fi_co-'p:...t_e_'_s_ _ _ _ _--'-11_2...J1 will help rescue those who we serious!y
injured.

The team is Instructed to report actions they have taken and their

results

The commander stresses that

during the rescue operation.

46

1131 to avoid problems as much as possible.

t_e_B_m_w_o_'k______.L11_4...J1 is the key to doing a good )ob

c l_ _ _ _ _

---Tesl2 .

PART 3

Exom ~
Read just the
questIons. Ignoring
!he answer options,
before listening the
first time. Listen for
the answer In the
script, then try to
match this to the
closest option.

You will hear part of a radio Interview with Judy Simpkins who works with Northbrook
Children's Theatre. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A. e , C or D) which fits best
according to what you hear.

15 What initially attracted Judy to the acting life?

A her many enjoyable childhood visits to the theatre
8 her parents' positive tales of working in the theatre business

her observation of some actors' colourfullifestyte

o her desire to travel and avoid a conventional work routine
16 Why didn't Judy leave her previous job sooner?
A She was waiting to hear whether she had got into drama school.
@ She wanted to finish something she was involved in there first.
C It took time for her to realise she had chosen the wrong career.
D Her mind was focused on preparing for a local theatre production.
17 Why did Judy prefer playing secondary roles to lead roles?
A There was a greater choice of roles close to home.
@ She really didn't enjoy being the focus of attention.
C She found them generally a more rewarding experience.
D They were easier to get but still paid adequately.
18 How did Judy feel about becoming a director?
A grateful for the opportunity to try something new
B unenthUSiastic about taking on more responsibility
resigned to making the best of a bad situation
D anxious about her ability to do the job well

19 Regarding her present production, what is Judy particularly pleased about?

the attitude of the cast members

B the originality of the script
C the cooperation between cast members
D the energetic atmosphere at rehearsals
20 According to Judy, what is one advantage of working with child actors?
A They always do exactly what she tells them to.
B They work very hard as they always want to be the best.
C They are generally more enthusiastic than adults.
Their main concern is the success of the production.

47

PART 4

Exam ~
The speakers may
not use the same
words as in the
questions. Usten for

You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about using differ ent modes

of transport.
While you lislen you must complete both tasks.

different ways of
referring to the

TASK ONE

items listed.

For questions 21-25, choose from the list (A-H) the person who is speaking

A a lorry driver
B a student

Speaker 1

21

Speaker 2

22

0 an athlete

Speaker 3

23

E a scientist

Speaker 4

24

F a parent

Speaker 5

25

a photographer

G a bus conductor

H a taxi driver

TASK TWO
For questions 26-30, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker Is expressing.
A

regret about the changing nature of his Of her daity interactions

B his Of her intention to try to improve a situation soon

C an antiCIpatIOn of reducing his Of her travelling time

Speaker 1

26 1

0 anxiety about the Mure

Speaker 2

271

E resignation to a situation that he or she doesn't

Speaker 3

28 1

Speaker 4

29 1

Speaker 5

30 1

consider ideal
F enjoymef1t of a daily routine

G a reluctance to change his or her habits

H appreciatloo of an unexpected aspect of his Of

her job/situation

48

Test 3
PART 1

Exam ~
These may only
be short extracts
but you should
treat them as you
would any
multiple-choice
comprehension
and pay very
close and careful
attention to the
text.

(1 hour 15 minutes)

You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with teaching
and learning. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B , C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text.

. . . . , .... , C.....

hu...' .... ~

Shirley Wiffiams is chair on the Teaching

Awards national judging panel. She was
talking to Mira Katbamna.

The things that stand out in a special

teacher are enthusiasm and innovation;
the teacher who talks to the pupils, not
down to them. and who talks to them as
people who have something to
contribute. Someone w ho realises
teaching is a mutual thing. and not just
the handing down of knowledge from on
high.
We now have a very "mathematical"
idea of what makes a good education.
which is about how learning shows up in
statistics. The Teaching Awards are about
recognising and rewarding precisely not
that kind of teacher. It's not about the
person who goes through the obvious
routine. but the one w ho brings a sense of
excitement to it. I think excitement is very
much at risk in education at the moment.
The really good teacher is somebody
who
makes
learni ng
something
challenging and fulfilling . Obviously, the
national curriculum is quite a corset and

tends to limit children's innovatory

capacity by being too dosety tied to tests.
So what you are left with is something
that is slightly stultifying. What we are
looking for are tea(he~ who refuse to be
stultified.
.J A "'I}M .(~If:1

What I find sad is thatl.children start out

all bright and shiny in primary school and
then "shades of the prison-house begin to
dose upon the growing boy". Inspirational,

exciting teachers - people who make

pupils think "this is an exciting place to
be" - are critical in breaking that cycle.

(j~~'

1 What is the writer emphasising in the first paragraph?

5 ,//VI
t1}
the value a teacher should place on the input of their students Cf} V1
(i 11
B the need for teachers to focus on developing students' communication skills
C the importance of improving relationships between students and teachers
o the benefits of teachers adopting a collaborative approach to teaching

ki

2 In this piece generally, the writer is communicating her concern that

A there are a lack of teachers who can bring out the t>eSt in their students.
the school system is stifling students' creativity and passion for learning.
C the school system isn't focused enough on quantifiable results.
o innovative and enthusiastic teachers are not being sufficiently rewarded.

Iv

f' .

49

PART 1

Working on your
.
General English
/ _

"'"'

~me

/ """I'l"'l' ...."..,-

\\hen ~!!'!I Q',," $iUs, sudI os gM,,!!

Of <Mgrisitlg . _~ wm: the Il:!!iIOQ! of business

- fIl&!ilil -t in<oo1pany 11''';''''8'

h<:)! are a re.ture

~ hotts 5-dt t blurriDl of !be

Th<ese days, _

Endsh

~ dHCfjfob bnt in mm'

di\i$jms "",. ! ' ,bo,lli,
tnd ~...

fnIllisb Is "".d."",!I>at _IS now

~~.. E..gIi'sII' """"'" '" ~ them 100' lire t i well .. - ' t.

m~ sa ",,~,~) ~ haYe - . quid to
... !!Iis ~ in dem>nd, ~!h the pmdudion 01 ...... books 01 the '&ish
100' w.n' -'eIy. This Is i n _ ... . . - the needs 01 the .......... ,,"" \-.ts
_
bosit ~sh """'~ sIa'1Is 100' - ' t .m the business """""We
"""'" g<I Is '" ..-.d the ""'...... 01 his Of .... Ies'sons ~ the '*"'"
,00000000I .......Ots.m ~ . . . ..-.

,_Id

"""" ..-..., 01. shift in .ttitudes c.... "" ....... in "'" new """"'inations 14'1
~ by ttrtol. ex.."...''''''
Wanls i!ll uwall?
tt.. CZ' .l!jy!: by natun::.and inlr9datt nrew eXAmS oot,ythtrlbt wjtef Ms bi:f:n
~ "" '" """". c....... ftlge's _ ..... E..gIi'sII
l~ &l8fisl,
.m 11.....0.'
i_We !hot ...,.,

"""rei.. """'"

Oertl""".... ,._ _
Oertl""""" "'"

Oertl"""",

~haYe_pI-.

:s

The ....... uses "'" pi.

.-to

" "'" tltlosiI

.....
~
.. _

" "1*IrI'irI!I cl "'" dN' .. IS' I,1inIos ~ to

boot" ... , two ~ cl B'glisl!.

8 _ _ _ 111_' @ th!: ~ ........... cl BIQlisII..,...,..,.,

D th!: lad< cl .. _

""""'"" in _ _ _

i4 The _ _ _ ., ...... , ... _ _ _

"~.
8 g11ldually.

c~.

@~.

50

One
Despite the outside chill, the sun
was just a little too bright as it cut

across the classroom and Leab

decided to pull the blinds down
before the children arrived.
Standing on a rather time-worn
chair on a floor that had definitely
seen better days and vainly tugging
at an uncooperative cord, she caught
her reflection in the glass of the
window and mentally shuddered
with distaste. She had never liked
her appearance, being somewhat
taller than average in height and
somewhat skinnier than even the
(5) catwalks of Milan would approve of.
i f ' " Her self-styled 'lankiness' and the
nerves of a firsHime teacher now
line 19
put her in mind of certain Italian
towers built on uncertain terrain and
overreachi ng in their ambitions.
Changes, however insignificant,

always brought out the pessimist in

her and at tbis moment it was ...
difficult to shake the feeling that
this move to a school. so far from
anywhere she might ever have
caJled home. was one move too
many and one move loo far. But
she had needed to get away. Her
hometown had been weighing down
on her with its unfulfilled
expectations for too long; the faces
and buildings were reminders of
how far she had not come, how high
she had stubbornly refused to
climb.
After getting down without
achieving much in the way of shade
for the over-bright classroom, she
found she had about five minutes of
relative calm in which to gather her
thoughts and prepare for her first
ever class.

5 The writer mentions Italian towers in lines 1920 in order to emphasise

A Leah's hopes for the future.
S the height at which Leah now finds herself.
Leah's lack of confidence in her new situation.
fA r' CD the magnitude of the change Leah has made to her life.

6 In
A
a
C

the second paragraph, the writer focuses on Leah's

regret concerning mistakes she has made in the past.
uncertainty that her feelings of depression will disappear.
frustration concerning the negative way she reacts to change.
@ doubt regarding her decision to leave her hometown. b Vt(

/)J
J0.'() r/-{

-V

51

PART 2
You are going to read an extract from a newspaper article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the eJdrl,.I
Choose from the paragraphs A.Q the one which frts each gap (7-12). There is one extra paragraph which you do
need to use.

V oluntary Service Underseas

Under threat from global wanning. over-fIShing and careless flippers, coral reefs face an uncertain
future. But in the balmy waters off Thailand, one project is training vo/ullleefS to col/ecl data vital
to their survival. Dan Linslead reports.
After three da)'S AAOrkelling along coral reefs in the Gulf
of Thailand, counting riSh in the name of science. 1 had
aJready compiled a number of y indmgs. ne: rceffLsh
exhibit a vexing habit offliltmg In
your face mask,
ducking behind anal and suddenly joining up with schools
of their neighbours - it's almost like they don't want to be
counted. Two: if you choose 10 survey one SpcciflC 5rn
corridor of reef, the fISh )'Ou are interested in - that bigbeaked parrotfiSh, say - will invariably i'KM':r lern outside
that corridor, rendering them officially uncountable.

D
Afler a sleepless night speedreading my 120-page
expedition dossier, I duly enrolled in FiSh School. As
brown mullet ~ploshed lazily in the fishpond beneath us,
we huddled around our resident marine bjologist , Kim
Oberrocyc.r. and tried to concentrale.
"y

Is I

"OK. grab the tape measure and thal Coke bottle," said
Kim. clearly feeling the need for action, too. "Let's do a
transect in the garden." Ah, the transect I had read about
this in my briefing, accompanied by complicated diagrams
of the sea floor covered in cross-hatching and contour
lines. But as Kim rolled out a lOOm tape along Iheground,
it emerged that the 'transect' was basically sciencespeak
for 'a straight line'. The Reef Check approach to the global
coral crisis was pleasingly simple: we were going to swim in
a suaight line scribbling noles on a rusty clipboard. Easy
enough, surely?

19 I

Finally, we were' gomg to make notes <ka the type of cornl

we found along the transect. Kim raised one hand and
waved his fingers, frondlike. '''That's the sign for soft
coral". Got it. Then he clenched h is list into a punch,
-rhat's rock." OK. Then he crossed his fingers. ''That's

52

'

Nument lndicator Algae." Ab. It was clearly time to go

back to the textbooks.

F
Soon we were zipping away from a wonky red jetty aboard
the Moby D ick, As we bounced across the waves, we
volunteers discussed the task ahead, " I reckon I can
definitely tell the difference between soft cam! and a fish
now," said Gigi, a 64-year.-old grandmother from Oregon.
Pe~nally. I was still struggling with the technical
distinction between rock and rubble - but by now it was
too late. We were bobbing 50m from the Bounty-ad island
of Ko Wai, our prow noddi ng towards a neat semicircle of
reef. Wc flopped in.

E
The tra nsect itsetf tumcd.ouuo.be-fur less complex than it
had,...see.u!ed on land. The tape measure unfu rled clearly
over the reef, and it wasn't that hard (and only a bit weird)
10 write on a clipboard underwater. My task that dal.
to count invertebr1lt~ and with only Diadema sea urchins
in evidence, I managed fine.

was......

G
Grand p lans. and having devoted our time to the cause, we
all felt entitled 10 n certain selfsatisfaction. But as Moby
Dick sped back {Owards the harbour
after a final day spent among
the reefs denizens. I had to
be honest with myself. Had I
I1IlNy volunteered my time
for science? Or had I just
spent a frankly enjoyable
week
fli tting
between
paradise islands? I could no
longer tell the d ifference.

Test 3 '

10.7

A What all these fish had in common was

a profound disinterest in being
counted. They lurked on the edge of
the transect; they flitted and fidgeted;
as subjects, they were frankly
unprofessional. But at Ko 1bong Lang
and other reefs over the next week we
persevered, noting down coralf1sh and
estimating the size of clams - knowing
it really was in their best interests,
whether they knew it or not.
B "Right, now imagine that coconut's a
bumphead parrotfish," said Kim,
gesturing at the ground next to the
unfurled tape. "That's an Indicator
Species. That means their presence or absence - is a measure of the reefs
health." He made !I mark on the
clipboard. "After the fish, we're also
lookmg for Invertebrates - urchins, sea
cucumbers, lobsters. Look, there's a
giant clam! And we need to know how
big they are - you can use the edge of
your clipboard to gauge that, but
remember that underwater everything
will look 25% bigger."
C "The problem with reefs," Kirn
explained, " is that tbere are hundreds
of them. not much data, little funding
for conservation and very few
scientists. Coral, it seems, is truly
fighting for survival: 16% of worldwide
coral has been lost in the past five years
alone, and a further 21% is in "serious
trouble n The delicate polyp, from
which the whole coral ecosystem
springs, likes things a certain way:
clean water, a narrow band of sea
temperature (25-29C), a certain
salinity. Ranged against that are a
legion of man-made - or at least
human-influenced - threats, from
rising sea temperatures to fishermen
using cyanide or dynamite to bag their
catch.

..

D ~"ighlS are what had brought me

~Q,ang,

a mountainous, junglefestooned Thai island near the

Cambodia border. Along with six
olher volunteer snorkellers and divers,
I had signed up for a 'research
expedition' run by the conservation
organisation Earthwalch. Our mission?
To help conduct fieldwork on the local
reefs - and maybe learn a bit of
biology in the process.

~Exam Tip
Look for links at the
beginning and the
end of the
missing paragraphs
as well as before
and after the gaps.

E (ii;Ahrills here were far more Finding

~~ than Jaws. Hanging motionless
in the bath-warm water, the soap
opera of reef life scrolled before my
eyes. A 300-strong school of rabbitand parrotflSh nibbled furiously at the
coral and swarmed on. The velvet.
collagened lips of giant clams pursed
up as I wafted my hand in front of
them. That l20-page dossier had come
gloriously to life, and only the snorkel
champed in my moutll stopped me
from exclaiming " Wow".
~ '"

/ilIA/ID

F A Turner sunrise - all ISty reds

ochres - was daub' g the ho rizon as
our pickup drew into tbe ramshackle
fishing village of Salak Phet a couple
of days later. We'd watched our Fish
ID videos. We'd practised our hand
signals. It was time to put OUT training
into action.
G At the end of every day, the totals from
our elipboards'Toine(1tlieoarn-rt'Om
Reef cncck 'teams worldwide: adding
up 10 an increasingly comprehensive
bank of reer information. It was a nice
feeling, being part of this scientific
community - but would it actually
make a difference? "Absolutely," Kim
insisted. He is already working with
local fishermen, dive shops and the
mayor of Salak Phetto encourage more
sustainable practices. Ultimately he
aims to take his data to the Thai
government to lobby for more robust
conservation legislation.

'

53

PART 3
You are going to read a newspaper article. For questions 13-19 choose the answer (At B. C 0( D) which you

thir'k.~

best according to the text.

Far from terrifying, this literary power duo 18 serious tun.

Everyone is 'frightened of Paul Auster. He is too clever

for comfort. His books are so original (a question that
tAl comBS up frequently: is he the writer or his subject7) that
' " on a bad day, a tired day, when you're feeling less Ihan
sparldlng, it's best to put his books In a drawer and
watch sitcoms. And as for his wife, she is equally
brilliant. Siri Hustvedt's third novel. What I lOVed, is so
moving that It demands to be read in 2O-mlnute stints
between sobs.
The Austers are by all accounts conviviaf hosts - Lou
Reed Is a regular dinner guest, Peter Carey is a mate
and lan McEwan too - but if you haven't a prestigious

Hustvedt's latest, The Sorrows of an American, ..

wonderful too, a deeply human account of one's san
of family, place, love and loss that centres around the
endeavours of a brother and sister, Erik OaYklsen and
Inga, to dig .up and digest the reasons their dE!lf
departed father did the things he did. Along the wa,.
Davidsen falls in love with his Jamaican lodger, and
Hustvedt, after embodying the art historian Leo for WhIt
1 LOVed, once again writes from the point of view of
male protagonist 'I've been writing as a man for ten
yearsl ' she whoops.
1

_ literary prize to your name, meetinQ them both together

~s sur!>' one of life's more terrifYing prospects. So it

throws you off to dIscoVer the pair is enormous fun :
funny and bright, full at enthusiasm and questions. They
have a habit of finishing off one another's sentences,
and are clearly having a ball hitting the literary circutt
together (they are in Sydney after headlining at the
Adelaide Festival Writers' Week) . 'It's much nicer to go
to a festival with Paul. this Is our fourth,' smiles
Hustvedt. 'I WOUldn't go alone; it would be intolerable,'
deadpans her beau.

Auster is up to his old tricks again with Man in the

Dark, published this month. tt's a novel within a novel,
jumping from the poignant musings of bedridden
septuagenarian widower August Brill to the surreal
adventures of his creation, OWen Brick. They are both in
the dar1<, but Brick is having the more confusing time of
it, locked as he is in an alternative AmeMca. Brill's
Imaginings have dragged Brick from his semi-ordinary
life and thrust him Into a nutso paraltet one. The ending
packs. powerful punch that linge,. long after you put
the book down.

54

' !

How do these two start their stories? ~~~~;~

starts by forming a picture in his mind.
novel, Travels in the Saiptorium, .~~~!!!.;~~:'!.!!! ~
an old man sitting on his bed in hIs pyjamas. The kernel
for Sorrows began with a dream. 'When the book was!
first coming to me I had this Image of a girl lyIng In her
coffin, out in the country and sitting up in her coffin, like
being born again,' says Hustvedt. She then launches
into a discussion of the magical moments in the book,
the most important invoMng mystical tales of Jamaican
ghosts, and a chiid in a coma (I won't say more, or I'll
give the ending away).
When I started writing the book I knew my tether was
dying. My father's family were immigrants, my mother's
too, and the book is set in New York, and I've known
Jamaican immigrants ... and I began to think of It as new
themes chasing one another. So that t~t _dlnerent stories J
are succinct but they reverberat~ With ono another in the
text l or it was my idea that they shouldl" They do, of
course. With Aus1er as hor fll&1 rt I'd I , ,he couldn't get
away with anyth,ng less

Exam~
00 not choose
oPtions which
tound likely but for
which there ls no
evidence in the text.

13 In the first poragoaph, the _or savs _ Pall -.no ..."".s

A have. a simit8I etrect on the reader as ti;s;; wife"$..
B may be too depo

WIg far some - . . .

can be vory demandirlg ..... the .e.ador. fj<J lD deliberately try to confuse \tie . -.

14 The writat' implies that. when he Iirst met the k t ISo, he tell
A sorprised by the way they inI_ wiII> ......... _
.
B under-qualffiad tor the job of interuiS44i11IQ them.

fortunate to haw the chance k) illter~iew them IIltogetl_h<

..
" ..

more comfortable in their pr

oe&1t\en

d.

1le~ 1o. --tv. (O()J

:In
JI- ''f!!'1.
~'/A/!

rftl.

r.I~ J

15 What does the writer tell us about the main characteIs in Paul ~~ ~ ~

7'11. ,;),
,

A Their paths cro5S """"""",odIy.

One is d;recting the OIher's destirly. tI

C Neither is aware of the other's existence..
D They are bolh Irappod .. an Onaginary wOOd.

16 In paragraph four. Auster suggeslS that on& way in which he:

Ns: witfts

writing is by

A maldng suggestions rogatd;ng her pIoIlines.

8 hEHping her to form wenrounded male and femate charact8fS..
C encourag;ng her 10 constantly evaluate her writing.

preventi"\j he, !mm writing _

-Iv f t( 1/111 f1P

I

an <MIrIy female par.;pectNe.V

10

17 One similarity between Paul Auster's and Sin Hustvedt's novets is

the source of the inspiration for them. V

B the types of lI1emes lhalthey expIo<e.

C the way they begin their opening chapters.

o the extensive use of imagery in them.

18 In the final paragraph, Siri Hustvedt summarises her latest novel as

A an alternative interpretation of common themes\)

a collection of stories echoing similar themes.

C a series of interwoven biographies.
D

a tribute to her immigrant family.

19 Overall, the writer portrays the Austers as

A intellectuals who have a large

f~lowing .

B novelists who write for particular readerships.

C partners who collaborate to produce their won<.
writers who are equally successful.

V'lIA

t1 {I TV' I

,to"

55

PART 4

Exam~
It may be useful to
go through each
section of the text in
turn and match the
questions which
refer to it.

You are going to read an article about applying for Jobs. For questions 24~30 , choose from
the sections of the article (A-G). The sections may be chosen more than once.
Note: When more than one answer is reauired, these may be Qiven in any order.

In which section of the article Is the following stated?

The type of business this is means that staff in different
positions have something in common.

Our company has an advantage compared to others of a

different type.

Distinguishing themselves from other applicants will help

candidates get noticed.

Job applicants may struggle to demonstrate their possession

of a particular skill effectively.

1211 D

1221 A 11231 D
1241 E I

I 25 I C

Job applicants should not hold back from making employers

aware of important accomplishments.

1 26 1 G

Companies are keen to recruit candidates able to do something

not considered easy.

127 1A

Candidates should make sure they don't appear too different.

129 1G

Candidates should not allow a sense of self-Importance to

prevent them from benefitting from early failures.

Accomplishments of a particular kind are valued in a

candidate but not considered essential.

131 l E

Candidates should not include unnecessary information

when applying for a job.

Employers want candidates to prove that they have shown

initiative over a particular kind of problem.

Appllcants show that they are aware of certain requirements

of employers when applying.

56

1331 c

11 28 1B

Daring to be Different
Being unusual can clinch a job. Karen Hainsworth has seven ways of jumping off the page for applicants.
Most organisations search for employees who will fit in with
the company cullUre and keep things running smoothly.
~
Ilowever, showing that they have skills and qualities that are
t un usual could put them at the lap of the pile whcn it comes
to the screening process. "Valuing diversity in others is

applications. "We get boxes of chocolates and letters in

smoothie botUes. Somebody even drove all the way from
Devon to deliver a cake shaped like one of our row delivery
vans. Doing these unusual things might seem over the top,
but the do make a cand'dat
out from the crowd. "If
you work for a smal entR:prene . I company, creativity
and initiative are very Important "We are alwa lookin for
ideas and we can implement these the next daYz unlike a big
corporation. where it may take months. Such qualities help
you see beyond the logical and limited solution when it
comes to problem-solving."

something that candidates wouldn't necessarily lhink to

mcnlion,w says Julia Knight, chartered occupational

psychologist. who designs recruitment tools and assessment

procedures for large organisations. MBu! companies.
particularly global companies, look for people who have
worked with others who are different from themselves.
"That difference could be as obvious as ethnicity, but oould
also include those who have dissimilar educational level or
national culture. "Working with others who have alternative
,perspectives and very different ways of thinking is very
difficult M she says. "which is why organisations are looking
for this abil ity in job candidates.

et!

E Though you'd think a (!fanagement consul

Leadership skills are obviously not unusual but specific

types of leadership can be. And Michael Nathan, a
recruitment manager for a large retail store describes a kind
of extreme people-focused ~ch in his managers. 'The
~ company I work for is ~usiness and staff who
=<.... work on the selling floot1ITias much an owner as the
chai
M Therefore,
the style is very inclusive, very
empoweii and it is, he says, "about getling people to enjoy
681
ed by you". This is no simple task, as it requires
'candidates to possess an exceptional level of maturity and so
graduates who can demonstrale this are highly desired.
et ac . well" sa Juliu
about the ability 10 manage confl . And understandablv.
as a candidate you may not feel confident in describing
when you've fallen out with someone. "Though the tenn
'conflict management' has the potential to sound very
negative, it is nevertheless an important skill. "Organisations
today are constantly changing and evolving in order to stay
ahead of the competltion," she says, "but you don't get
change without some level of disagreement: What
~recruiters look for is an ability to deal with this and examples
where you have taken it upon yourself to son il oul.

"No-one can do a job right on their 6rst day, and there's

usually a steep learning curve that involves misLakes.~ says
Michacl. "But strong graduate trainees can learn from these
and de.,1 with the feedback in a mature and confident way
and not let ego get in the way." Show you have the ability to
learn about yourself as well as your new tasks, he says.

~,,*~"'-lQek differem, but you don't want

C "lllis can be a difficult one t

"We put a k>l of emphasis on lniLiative and creanvdv,tt says

Sronte Blomhoj,
manager ara soff'drinks company.
~And candidates tend 10 lake this 10 heart in their

I1R

cy and..

technology company would look for welQhundoct

individuals with an IT interest., you wouldn't necessarily
expect them to appreciate people who enjoy saving the
world. But individuals who mention that they have done
some charity work at home or abroad, which most
candidates haven't. do draw our attention, says Annabel
Nichols, graduate recruitment manager. "Although we don't
actively seek this experience. we do find it attractive and
unusual," she says. "It shows that candidates are using their
skills in chaUenging ways. It takes a certain kind of
individual 10 take time out and work for the benefit of
others. l think. that's commendable."

~~~JU~I~ia~s~u~gg~~~~~m~e~n~tio~n~i~ng
i

same
had
that has helped you
about it. "I have come across graduates who have done great
things but [orgctlo menlion them," she says. The key is to
be enthusiastic about unusual achievements and skills, but
make sure lh tie in with what's useful for your prospective
employe.. lid wrest ers nWl not apply.

57

PART 1

Exom~
Decide which parts 01
the given information
you want to use in
your answer. Then
organise the notes
coherently. Use the
information in the
written texts to
support the points
you need to make.

(1 hour 30 minutes)

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 180-220 words in an appropriate style.

1 You had seen the following advertisement for a new sports and fitness centre in the
area where you live. You became a member of the centre but were not entirely
satisfied with the facilities. Read the advertisement and the notes you have made.
Then, using the information appropriately, write a letter to the sports and frtness
centre with your comments.

W'VENEY SPORTS and Fi i NUS CENTRE

gym - fully equipped with the latest machines, personal trainers on hand
squash, b adminton & basketball
aerobics - regular high and low impact classes to suit all abilities
children's creche - free for centre users
cafe and juice bar - good variety of healthy homemade food available all day

Open:

7 am - 10 pm Monday to Friday, 9 am - 7 pm Saturday and Sunday

Write your letter. You do not need to include postal addresses.

58

PART 2

Exam~
When you write an
article, you can
draw on personal
experience or
opinion on a
general topic.
Remember your
target audience and
make it as
interesting as

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 220-260 words
in an appropriate style.
2

You have seen this announcement in an intemational magazine.

glUMM.
Have you faced a dilemma recently? In other words, you found yourself in a
difficult situation in which you had to choose between two or more courses
of action? If so, we would like you to write us an article telling us:
what the dilemma was exactly & what the possible courses of action were
what you decided to do and why
what the outcome of your decision was

possible.

We will publish the best articles.

Write your article.

3 You have just received a letter from your pen-friend, who is thinking of studying at a
college in your country next year. Write a letter to your pen-friend recommending two
or three courses that he/she might want to take and suggesting any preparations they
could make before they go.
Write your letter.

You have seen this advertisement in an international magazine.

Committee members wanted for

International Book Festival

Do you love books? Do you have bright ideas and good organisational skills?
We need young people to be involved in planning and organising this year's
festival.
If you are interested in Joining our committee, please write and tell us:
why you think books are important and what kind of books you like reading
what would make you a good member of the committee
two or three ideas you have for the festival
Write your letter of application.

Answer one of the following two questions based on one of the books you have read.
(a) Write an essay about what we can learn about life and society from reading this
book.

.'.'

(b) Write an article about one of the main events in the story for an imaginary
newspaper or magazine .

59

PART 1

Exam1!e5'r
Many of the missing
words are parts of set
phrases.

(1 hour)

For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

o A valued

worth

C merited

deserving

If a picture is (0) ..... ~.9.r.n.L. ....... a thousand words, the seventy-three scenes of the Bayeux Tapestry speak
volumes. The tapestry narrates. in pictorial (J) .........}f~r.mT
William, Duke of Normandy's invasion and
conquest of England in AD 1066, when he (2) ........ (!:!i{' ..'?!.U.L ..................... the Saxon forces of King Harold at Hastings.
in England, probably around AD 1092, and that it
Historians believe that the work was (3) ......... &r..(..

......................,

4Jd......................

was commissioned by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, WiIliam's half brother, who ensured his fame by figuring (4) J~;~~'~:~~:'~;~P
in the tap,estry's later 45~
"..(.14J4.... . .. Legends connecting It wIth William's WIfe i
have been
(6) ........4,.~5.lJ?Y.~L .................... QII1,(ltJ,t (.( {A.CItj"tt-tt

........

The Bayeux tapestry is not, (7) .......

~.A. ~
speaking, a tapestry, in which designs are woven into the
fabric, but rather a crewel fo rm of embroide;l; Ate pictures being made by stitching woollen threads into a background of
plain linen . The threads, in (8) ............ 1 ...~lut
.red, y ellow, blue and green, must
(9) .............. Jh1..J1.. ........................ have been jewel bright, but have ( 10) .............. ~ ...L .. :!........................ light brown with age.
Moreover, one end of the now 20 inch (50 cm) broad and 231 feet (70 m) long cloth is missing.
You can view the Bayeux Tapestry in the William the Conqueror Centre, Bayeux, Normandy, France. An enduring

..tff.i.. . ........................

..... _..................................

t:

~~~~~.;;~~.~!~! .~.~:l~~~.~~~.o~f;l~ ~~;~~~y~s as valuable a (12) .......p.!.LU.............................. of evidence for the

1 A fashion

B type

B won

3 A originated

B invented

4 prominently

B strongly

5 A views
6 A disowned

@ scenes

7 A normally
8 A colours

@ strictly

9 once
10 A changed

B then

11

,
i:'

60

defeated

A witness

12 A segment

B d ispersed
B shadows
@ turned
B confirmation
B part

e
e

design

powerfully

defended

created
C frames
C disgraced

@ form
D invaded
D manufactured
D sufficiently
D pictures

discounted

truly

o sincerely

shades

D varieties

e
e

before

D earlier

transformed

D developed

testimony
piece

D proof
D portion

Test 3
PART 2

Exam~
~ook

For questions 13-27, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use
only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

for any clues

which are not

obvious or which
come much earlier
or later in the
sentence.

Example:

LIO,-,-I_.::B.::Ec..IN.:.cG::.....I...,="",-,o'-'=""-l1

E-CURRENCY
Have you noticed the spate of bank
mergers (0) .... ~~!!'!.9. ...... reported in

f'H"~<J I
the financial pages? The names change, :,/ '" w,lA-4 I I1
'.3 ..

:::;~:.ra;;:;~~~~~~;;~,:~~~: ~~ ;~q; ;

jobs. U you thought this was all

(14) .................~~.................. the name of increased profit margins, think again.

The banks themselves are eI).gaged in a struggle (15) .............. JC!L .............. .
, TI,a ':J (.j I.C.JI
their very survival. Their nemesis? The Internet, of course.

................ short years, that it can

The Internet proved, in just a (16) ............... !.f!.~

transfonn (17) ................~t!.~
Customers

................ very way that commerce is conducted.

can pay for goods and services

on-line,

and settle

(18) ...... ,.... J!!.~.~~..... ".. "." accounts on the Internet. (19) ...............~~~............ ..
direct transfers could conceivably spell the end (20) .................r:?t. ............... ..
money as we know (21) ................ !.~

................. today. Cash, cheques and credit

cards will give (22) ................~~y......... ,... ,.. , to e-currencies, some fonn of
'Internet only' money.
What fonn will these new 'e-currencies' take? Perhaps some kind of credits or
(23) ............-::~~.~ ............ vinual money. Some Internet sites are already using a
system called beenz' whereby you can earn credits, or beenz'. by visiting
...
.
(24) .................................
which/that
partlClpating
sUes,
can th en be used to purc has e

items on-line. Also, consumers will soon be able to download credit onto
smartcards to be used to (25) ...........~.~~~............ purchases in the real world.
(26) ......... ,~!!.~~~!':~r..

.. ,......

fonn such e-currencies ultimately take, the only

thing we can be sure of (27) ................. ~~.................. that counting out coins for
bus tickets will soon be a thing of the past.

61

PART 3

Exam ~
You may have to
make more than
one change to the
prompt word to
make it fit the
meaning.

For questions 2 8-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some
of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap In the same line. Write the new word in the
correct box on your answer sheet. There is an example at the beginning to).

Example,

10 I GROWING I=

0=

PENG.
- U
. INS
\

IN
~~:~,::(by

Penguins, whose torplKjo-.shaped boQLe!f~~tfimportant waddles

we adore, are the latest on a (0) ... 9.~~~~!J.g ... list of species
threatened by changing (28) ........... ~.(~m~~J.<? ........... conditions. This
(29 ) ... ... ... #J~mAPJ~~!J... ....... in climate is being brought about by
heatwaves and floods in places as far (30) ............ ..f:!H~.~t;!............. .
as Texas and India.
inslabilih,
"
has b een
Suc h (31) ... .. ...........
... ...x....... .In wea th er pa"erns
increasing In (32) ....... .Jr.~qy.~!f.~y. ........., although the reasons for

GROW
CLIMATE
DISRUPT
FIELD
STABLE
FREQUENT

this are not yet fully understood. As a result, ocean currents that bring
the nutrients to feed plankton are being disrupted and because
plankton feeds the krill which form the basis of the penguin's diet, the
penguin Is fast becoming a casualty. The (33) ............ ~~~Jt!.

............

DEAD

rate of penguin chicks is soaring and could ultimately prove

(34) .. .. .. .... ~.i~J!!.~t.~gpt!~f. .......... to the entire species. The one

CATASTROPHE

positive aspect of all this lies in its potential to force people to examine
the (35) .. .... }~q.m.~l]g ........ threat posed to the fragile Antarctic ecosystem. The (36) .... ..... r.~.~!!.~.~~~qn

......... that we could lose one of

the most (37) ........ ... ..J!?~~./;ll~.............. creatures on the planet

should be a wake-up call for all 01 us.

62

LOOM
REALISE
LOVE

PART 4

Exam~

For questions 38-42 think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three
sentences. Here is an example (0).

Sometimes you

read one

o She commented that it was about .... ..Jfm~ ........ she started helping more around

sentence and

the house.

think the word is

obvious. Make
sure you check
all three
sentences before
settling on this
WOId.

People's eating habits have drastically changed over ...... J~~~

We took ........~m.~

Example:

........ .

........ to stop and admire the view on our journey.

TIME

38 Oavid was singing in the shower at the .. .......~~p. ......... of his voice.
Mika's new single went straight to the .... ...)!?P......... of the charts.
They deaned the house from ....... J!?P......... to bottom.
39 Tom aims to set a new ...... ~9.~~~...... record in the long jump at the championships

this summer.
Jane thinks the .......~~r.~~
of her nephew; she would do anything for him.
Andy's not listening again; sometimes he's in a ....... w.~r[~ ...... of his ownl

.......

40 After the terrible argument, they really needed to ....... fi.(~~r. ....... the air.
The water was as ....... ~/'!.~r. ....... as crystal.
The waiter came to ....... ~!.~~~
our dishes from the table.

.......

41 What she said was so shocking that I was completely ....... ~~.~~'}....... aback.
You must have .......y~.~f!.~....... leave of your senses to quit your job.
I've """"'tIy ..... ..!~.~.e.n........ up playing goll.

42 My doctor believes I need a ..... ~.?!!!.~f:...... of physiotherapy.

They're on " ... ~.'!.~.~.f!. ..... to finish the project by tonight.
Joseph did a three-year ......'?9.~!nl.f!. ..... in Mechanical Engineering at university.

63

PARTS

Exam~
Remember that
the word given
may be followed
by a different
preposition or be
part of a different
verb pattern than
in the first

sentence.

For questions 43-50 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to thl
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must USI
between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0) .

o He always gives the impression that he's very confident.

ACROSS
He always ................................................................................ very confident.

Example:

COMES ACROSS AS BEING

1=

= I

43 He didn't notice any money had been stolen until the end of the day.
LIGHT
The theft of the money only .........'?~~.~ . ~.'?J!~~~ .~~......... the end of the day.
44 Julia grew up with her aunt and uncle in the countryside.
BROUGHT

was brou"ht
bvI .......... her aunt an d uncI"
" ..........................
J u Ila
M' un
r. ....
e In t he coun t"d
rySI e.
45 I haven't been to the cinema for ages.
SINCE
It ........................ J~

..~9.~.~ . ~!!'J.t?,~It!~.~~ .... .......... _........ been to the cinema.

46 Watt has great difficulty in cooking for himself.

CHALLENGE
Wait ..................... J!!'J.~~

..~~ .~ ..~~~.~~~~.9.~..~t?.'?.t;?~.~ ...................... for himself.

47 No one could believe how successful Adam's first art exhibition was.
TOOK
The success of Adam's first art exhibition ..~~.'?~. ~.y.f!.ry.C?!?~l~~~.ry!?C?~yJ?y...
surprise.
48 Everyone blamed Danny for the accident.

PUT
Everyone .................. P..!-!qt!.~ . !?/~IJ?~ . ~!.'. .................. Danny for the accident.
49 There is no way that I would ever shop there again.
CIRCUMSTANCES
Under ............ !.'.~..~!~.c::.~p.~~~!'J.t?,~~..'!"f.t;?~/~. !..~~~r.

............ shop there again.

50 How likely is it to rain today?

CHANCES
What .................... ~.~~..~t!~.. ~!J!~.!?~.f!.~ . ~~. r.~~r?!~tr.~m.~Q.9.....

64

.'.'

............... today?

Test 3
PART 1

:xam~

(Approximately 40 minutes)

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C)
which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

)u many not be
)Ie to answer

e two questions
order as the

EXTRACT 1

formation

You hear part of an interview with a guitarist called Rick Evans.

leded could be
different parts

How did Rick feel when he was performing at the concert?

A pleased that he was playing well

B overwhelmed by the occasion
C intimidated by the large audience

the script.

What is Rick's attitude towards becoming a better musician?

A He believes it will happen automatically if he practises enough.

B He is happy to simply maintain the level he has already attained.
C He realises that he needs to practise more to further improve.

I2

EXTRACT 2
You hear part of a radio interview with well-known interior designer, Fiona Sharpe.
3

Flona says that she feels disappointed by her job when

A clients don't seem to appreciate her hard work.
S a client doesn't communicate what they really want.
C her design skills are not fully utilised.

What does Fiona do to try to ensure that her clients are happy with her work?
A She adapts her designs if necessary.
B She discusses every detail of a design with them.
C She totally puts aside her own preferences.

I4 I A

EXTRACT 3
You hear a man and a woman discussing an incident in which the man got caught speeding.
5

Why does John disagree with so many speed cameras being installed?
A He believes they can actually make the roads more dangerous.
B He doubts the motives of those who installed them.
C He thinks the money needed for them could be better spent.

15

John and Pam agree that

A strict speed limits are sometimes necessary.
B the system is not always fair.
C there should be fewer cameras .

.'.'
65

PART 2

Exam ~
Do not try to paraphrase
information that you
hear. The answers are
always actual words
from the recording.

You will hear a herbal therapist called Chris White talking about his work. For questions
7-14, complete the sentences.

As Chris was growing up, he learnt that plants were often used as medicine by

animals

His father also used different plants to keep LI_ _ _ _'_"n_s_e_c_'_s____ILs---.J1

away from the vegetables in his garden.
Chris used the plants he grew in the garden to treat various

I medical problems I 9 I.
He made ll_ _ _ _ _':..:e:..:a:..:s_ _ _ _111_0:.J1 out of some of the plants he grew,
such as Echinacea and Feverfew.

When he started

LI___.:g=-a_r_d_e_m_"n.:g~_-LI_ll...J1 after moving

back to Devon, he rediscovered his interest in healing herbs.

In order to recommend a

suitable remedy

1121, he finds

out a lot about a patient first.

...J'. says that by using plants as medicines. some I

side effects

1131

can be avoided .

As a herbalist, he believes that the body has a

i;!

66

natural ability

1141

PART 3

Exam~
Don't spend too
much time on
anyone question
even if you are
having difficulty
with it. Move onto
the next question.

You will hear an interview with a man who is a police diver. For questions 15-20 choose the
answer (A, S, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

15 What led Michael to a career as a police diver?

A He was already a competent diver.
B His uncle had followed this same career.
C His superiors recommended him for it.

He had a desire to do something different.

16 What did Michael find difficult about his training?

diving in sometimes ve ry harsh conditions

B having to work shifts, especially at night

C coping with the heavy clothing and equipment

o getting used to the behaviour of his team mates
17 What is Michaef sometimes unable to avoid while working under water?
A losing his way

suffering minor injury

e

causing damage to evidence

mistaking other debris for evidence

18 What limitation of the undersea robot does Michael mention?

A It is not able to descend to a great depth.

It can't always retrieve items easily.

e

It can take too long to sUbmerge.

D It moves more slowly than divers.

19 How has Michael's choice of career affected his relationship with his mother?
A It has encouraged a better understanding between them.

He now feels obliged to keep some things from her.

e

She now constantly puts pressure on him to give up his job.

She has become his main confidante regarding work issues.

20 For Michael, what is the most fulfilling part of being a police diver?
A helping to make society a safer place

seeing the direct results of his work

e

using the different skills he has acquired

being involved in saving lives

67

Test 3
PART 4

Exam~
Uslen to the
speaker's tone of

You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about learning a foreign
language.
White you listen you must complete both tasks.

voice. What is
his/her attitude?

TASK ONE
For questions 21.25, choose from the list (A-H) the maln reason the person gives for
learning a new language.

A They make frequent visits to another country.

Speaker 1

21

Speaker 2

22

Speaker 3

23

E They needed to pass a college exam.

Speaker 4

24

F They were compelled to learn it at school.

Speaker 5

25

B They want to become a translator.

C They have migrated to another country.

0 They have a natural ability for languages.

G They enjoy a leisure activity that Is related to the language.

H They want to learn their family's native language.

TASK TWO
For questions 26-30, choose from the list (A-H) what aspect each speaker focuses on.
A the cost of learning the language(s)
B their sense of satisfaction at having learnt the language(s) easily

C the advantages of learning in a class

0 the level of difficulty of a/some particular language(s)

Speaker 1

26

E the necessity of practising the language(s) frequently

Speaker 2

27

F the regret they feel about not learning the language(s)

Speaker 3

28

Speaker 4

29

Speaker 5

30

sooner
G the importance of learning the grammar rules of
languages

H the improved career prospects they have as 8 result of

knowing the language(s) well.
.'/

68

PAPER 1 - READING

_
Test 4

PART 1

Exam~
Read through the
whole text first to
get a general idea
01 what the writer is

(1 hour 15 minutes)

You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with alternative
health therapies. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which yoa think fits
best according to the text.

saying. The
question sometimes
asks about the
writer's general
attitude/opinion/tone.

Chapter One
Call me a traditionalist but theGf
alternative therapies had always eluded
me; however, years of unsuccessfully
trying to stop smoking and the advent of a
(f) son had made me realise that a stand
~ needed to be made and hard decisions

j tt:

e V1 v~ . r{Jj1

V1 ( ~ tI. (M/

taken. It

wazt ,

done some

the new arrival; I'd

calculations and the

(jJ ()Jt t.44;H. .sum total of money spent, not only on the

, ("

cigarettes themselves but also the patches

and gums that almost inevitably had
proven useless, had all the appearance of
a minor king's ransom. Strictly spe
this wasn't what hurt, it was the shee
waste that made me strlTclaerwithShame:-A friend of a friend had recommended
acupuncture as it had, apparently, worked

wonders for his wife. With more than a little

scepticism, I was persuaded to give it a go.
The address I was given proved to be a
smal, terraced house on .8-E!linfully
co~ventionat.~of high stteet;o>When
the door opened after my rather
.
eta rap, my feelings were hard to
a. Short, over-feelings and undershaven, this was not how I had imagined
an acupuncturist and considering the fact
that it was the middle of the afternoon, the
pyjamas did seem a little out of place. ! 2
suddenly felt that this wasn't the man for
me but as I turned to beat the hastiest of
retreats, I thought of my son. So, steeling
myself for the worst, I crossed the
threshold.

!$)

1 In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that when he was trying to give up
smoking,
A he became progres~jvely disheartened about his chances of success.
B he was embarr~d that he was finding it so hard.
he reached a point when he knew re~action was needed.
t.L-( 0 /
he was more concerned about the cost of his habit than anything else

What affect did the sight of the acupuncturist have on the writer?
A It made him realise how desperate he was.
It made him reluctant to keep his appointment. V
C It caused him to leave his house immediately.
o It caused him to abandon some of his doubt.

.,

,;'

PART 1

Colour 'Therapy::
Weird o r Wonderful?
I must confess to some tImidity as I
knock on Pauline Wills's door. Colour
therapy. I think: she could well be ~y)
She may well insist that I wear only
flame red, or paint my kitchen green .
The calm, middle aged woman who

greets me, however, does not look

crazed. As she sits me down in her
neutrally decorated therapy room I
', reaUse she's alreadv got me pegged.
Colour therapy. she tells me sternlv.
-is about the properties of light It is not
about pigment. It isn't then. about
how YOU paint your lounge? "No. it's
about energy: colour is the visible part
of the electromagnetic spectrum . This

means that it's somewhere between

radio waves and X-rays. Apparently,
Hippocrates. Paracelsus and the ancient

Egyptians all used colour for healing. I'm

no physicist, but there could be more to

colour than meets the eye.

Pauli~ rubs my feet asking sensitive
questions about my life and health.
Before long. I'm dying to unburden
myself of every worry I've ever had.

She's seen this before. Physical ailments.

she believes. are rooted in emotional

ones . And over her twenty odd years as
an alternative therapist Pauline has
become an excellent counsellor.
I honestly can't say whether colour
therapy is effective or not. Pauline takes
a plastic implement that looks like the
injecting aevice from Star Trek . She fits
an orange filter onto it. switches it on
and holds it to the side of my foot.
Finally, she suffuses my feet with orange
then blue light from two large lamps.
This is for general a 11 over well-being.
If you're not persuaded by colour
therapy it's worth remembering that
hospitals
often
treat Jaundiced
premature babies with blue light (it
destroys the excess bilirubin that the
immature liver can't remove). So if
you 're willing to believe that other
colours can do similar things, and don't
mind having your feet rubbed, then
colour therapy could do you the world
of good . Apart from anything else,
Pauline Is a wonderful listener.

~=~----~
3 What does the colour therapist realise about the writer upon meeting her?

She has misconceptions about cok>ur therapy.

B She feels apprehensive about the meeting.

C She is unconvinced of the value of colour therapy.
o She has low expectations 01 the meeting. -

In

,,"

70

I<M-

JJQ(I,

4 In this piece overall, the writer is

fJ"
t' ~-Q\ J
A impressed by the therapist, but generally negative about co ur Ih~ey .
B progressfvely more convinced about the Ineffectiveness of colour therapy.
open to the possibility that colour therapy can be useful.
o more or less persl..aded that colour therapy does what it claims.

o
Competition
'Other Options,' the magazine for those interested in exploring the

many other path~ to e-Qisical and mental perfection is proud to

announce the~auguratfo.nlof w'hat will hopefully be its annual young
writer award. If you are under 18 and feel you have a talent for words,
we would like to hear from you. The magazine is looking for articles of
around 600 words on the subject of alternative medicine.

(5) Articles should have a strong a1temative therapies. Remember

" factual basis with evidence that though that the winning article will
you have thoroughly researched be printed in the magazine.
your subject. If you want you can Therefore, as regular readers
get your information from the know, we prefer our articles 10 be
library or, alternatively, surf the Net informative in tone, showing a
fO( anything that might be of use. - mature Llnderstanding of issues
My references must be included and perspectives, whilst st ill
in the text or acknowJedQ,ed addressing the general reader in a
accordingly in the bjb1Logr~... AI' warm, friendly manner. Closing
date for entries is 31 st August. The
facts will be checked.
winning entry will be published in
The editor is looking for a piece of the November issue of Ihe
writing that communicates the magazine.
passion the magazine feels for

5 Before sending their entry into the magazine. young people must have
A shown evidence in the bibliography of having used the Internet.
B consulted a number of specialists in the area.
ensured that all the information in it is correct.
pt
o checked all facts against several sources.

The winning piece of writing must

A be written in a formal style.
B clearly reflect the w riter's stand point.
show a solid grasp of the subject.
o concentrate on straightforward ideas.

50 U\

!fJ

I
{/

rClJf

71

PART 2
You are going to read a short biography. Six paragraphs have been removed from the text. Choose from the
paragraphs AG the one which fits each gap (7-12). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

one~~~:~~~~

Perhaps
the twentieth-century was
Armslrong, the hugelysmil ing trumpeter, vocalist and co~se~His creativity
and lechn)que, along with that a ema k smile and
gravel~vdice, have made him the most recognisable jazz
rhu1ician in the world.

o
Louis ArmstroQg's creativity changed all this. His
individual virtuosity led to increasing calls for solos,
which eveOiiIany doomed the old traditions and led to the
development of jazz as we know it today. He established
the pre-eminence of the virtuoso soloist

181 ~lf'/\ '"

child, he would follow brass bands as they paraded

the streets f New Orleans. He also listened to orchestras
outside. as children were not allowed to enter music halls.
At the time, orchestras would frequently play outside for
a short time in order to draw people inside - a marketing
strategy that the young Louis took considerable advantage
of.

E
I1 was during one of these expeditions with this group that
he was arrested and sent to the Home for Coloured Waifs
for a time. This episode proved fateful as it was in this
i~~ that Armstrong received his first music lesson
rand voea''lraining. Joining the brass band, he played the
!irie and drums before being introduced to the
orne His expertise led to his promotion to band leader
. ITSt featured perfonnance.

72

After Joe left in 1917, the band broke up. Times were
tough, and, like many other musicians, Armstrong held a
variety of jobs, including driving a coal cart and later
a milk wagon. He continued to play comet in a number of
bands, sometimes filling in for other perfonneTS as he
gtaduMly-built up his reputation. He also played on the
r~erbo~lS, then plying their trade up and down the
Mississippi River.

c
lil Hardin, the band's classically trained pianist, worked
with Armstrong during this time and, with her
encouragement, he left Chicago to join the Aelcher
Henderson band. He returned to New Orleans the
following year to form his own band. It was also at this
lime that he switched from cornet to trumpet, For the
next three years he made a series of recordings, including
'Polato Head Blues', and 'HOlier Than ThaI', many of
which are today considered masterpieces of tone and
range.

F
Although his presentation style continually evolved,
Armstrong remained faithful to the sound that had first
established his reputation. The tonal beauty of his
playing, his instrumental range and melodic variation, all
helped to cement his fame as a master trumpeter.
However, it was his humour and extroverted style that
helped bring his name - and his panjcular approach to
jazz - to a wider audience. He died in N,w York on July
6th 1971, leaving his music and itS innovations to a new
generation in recording..'1 and films.

---

-----------

Test 4

A Louis 'Satchmo' Armstrong was born in New Orleans

around the turn of the century, although the exact

date is in d~ Ihal as it may, Armstrong's first
years were predominantly spent with his mother and

maternal

grandmother

in

an

impoverished

neighbourhood of New Orleans. His grandmother in

particular was a strong influence on his life, instilling
in him the strong system of values which he carried
throughout his life.

E He started 10 liSlen to the instruments being played

on the streets and in church, distinguishing the
various instruments and taking nOte of how they were
played. He also studied the playing styles of many of
these pioneers. At this time, he started to sing on the
streets as a tenor in a quartet - his first paying job as
a musician.

F During

his lifetime, Louis Armstrong helped to

popularise the rhythmi ~ approach to jazz. He is
credited with being the inventor of 'sca,)ocals', in
which conventional words are abandoncil In favour of
a series of meaningless syllables which reproduce the
spirit of instrumental improvisation. Armstrong
made a number of vocal recordings using this style,
wbich was extensively imitated by jazz singers such as
ElIa Fitzgerald.

B From the late 19205, he appeared in musical shows,

often as a featured perfonner. Gradually, he started

moving away from his role as a jazz artist., becoming a

more popular entertainer. He became a band leader, a
solo variety attraction, a film star and a comedian. In
1947, he fanned the fU'St ofa series of small bands that
he called the 'All Stars', His frequent conquest of the
popular market was envied by his contcmIX'raries.

C At this

tim~ _ the

acknowledged leader of jazz music

'King' Oliver. He was Armstrong's friend and
mentqr~ presenting him with his fic!f cornef:yt was
also Oriver who gave Annstrong his first real break.
He sent for him to play cornet in Oliver's Creole Jazz
band in Chicago in 1922. This resulted in a series of
recordings, starting with 'Chimes Blues' the following
year.

wasJoe

D Jazz music has often been called the only uniquely

American art form, growing out of a combination of
early black musical traditions. Fully- developed jazz. as
we know it today, is thought to have originated in New
Orleans. Today known as Traditional, or Dixieland
jazz, it was based on a three-instrument front line
consisting of clarinet, trumpet and t~~
Individual talents were subordinated to the ensemble
as a whole.

Onlea'ling.1he o-:p!!!.nage at the age of founeen, Louis

had various jobs playing the cornet. He formed his
own orchestra with his friend Jac Lindsay, a
drummer. The band played on the street, advertising
upcoming events, and at funerals.

f1.t11'''~1

..

.. (0.:

..... '

.'.- .

'. 4"

.'

73

PART 3
You are going to read a newspaper article. For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, e , C or D) which you think

fits best according to the text.

As he revisits the fractured antihero of two previous novels. James Sallis talks to Chris Wrt'and
about writing crime fiction,

-.1 ',',.,

pqp

'liD
(elt like I was stumbling, groping around in the darIc.
Didn't know where J was going in the next paragraph;
didn 't know what I was doing in the next chapter. But J
somehow found my way." Speaking softly and slowly, with
the slightest Deep South twang, James Sallis is on the line
fro Phoe'
d'
h'
~SaIR
J 'lhe
m
m~ 1,0 ~ IS ~cw nove
t rver. t S
.oortcsI of his ~S "1&lY
, slim talhe.o: to da t~ bul took: the
longes! to wnte. a IIS says e s re lytng more on
improyisation and abandoning "the certainties with which
I began writing." As Sallis recalls Ihis struggle (or
'
'h
ds I'k h' I
'h
Turn
H
d lrectJon, e soun
I e 15 ost anll era,
er. e
. troduced th exist tiaI delective Cyp
G
A
In
e
en
to
ress~.
sequel, Cnpple Creek, followed. Now Salt River
rompIeles the Turn er trilogyW(

Sallis presents Turner as a man defined and haunted by

what he no longer is: a soldier, a cop and a convict.
Episodes from his former lives are scattered through the
books as flashbacks. "Turner is a man whose life has gone
4 through abrupl changes," Sallis explains. "I felt that the
novels' structures should reflect this.. It's a technique that
is al odds with the thumbnail sketches favoured bv crime
writers inlent on establishi",!: a nOvel's cast auickIY before
\ >\ t.. I t\ b {~ l'-lT {".
cracking on with the plot.
{(, 1-10 fly-/I tU..IIl!J
If he takes his time when it comes to characterisatioft"!- we
don't learn Turners firsl name until midway through the
second book. - Sallis also has a laKfback approach to story.
1be barely-there storylines in Salt River almost evaporate
on the page. You don't get lost in his plots. they tend 10
lose themselves. "Plots are a oontrivance - our lives are
plotless - yel they're necessary, I think, 10 literary form."
explains Sallis. "My way of dealing with this has been 10
\ move the plot offstage a bit, to write around it." Is this why,
when I think. of SaIlis's books, I'm hit by smells of homebrewed roffee and wild magnolia rather than anything that
actually happened?

X.

:"'Those are the parts of the world that we own, what comes
back 10 us about times in our own lives when we think of
the pas!,. he insists. "AJI too often I'm reading this great
,'!

74

book with characters that walk right into my own lif~ then
somewhere around the fifth or sixth chapter the plot kicks
in - and all Ihat falls into the background. I want that

surround LO remain in the foreground."

KQ~('( r ~(h
H does th "
od"
11
k' the.) , and '(
e
alsurrou
very we , evo mg
gnl
WI
of rural southern life with ease (Sallis grew up in Helena,
a small town on the banks of the Mississippi). He has an
~
I
h-fro wisdo
. h h' h
ear or s ec'?'i oorc.
nl
m. WIt . IS C aracters
often swa'?Plng stones 10 lhe soun.d of cicadae on long
summer mghts. Were there books In Ihe house when he
? ~ '
fro low -cl
the
tock," he
was young.
e re
m
er ass, sou m s
says. "My dad was fairly typical, hard-working, blue-collar
' on weeke~
_.4.. t:.....:_ ,_._---M y brot her
- h
unung
UAl.IIg IdWIUllUWCrs ...
and I devdoped this love for books. The first thin,&'i: I read
were science fiction."
(I a(M I 0
~

~
line ~

h!~)

fr r

So were the first things Sallis wrote.

e began to sell
stories to magazines then made a .
ging move 10
London in his early 20s to edit
ndbreaking sci-fi
magazine New Worlds with Michael Moorcock: al the end
of the 60s. Working alongside Mooroock opened Sallis's
eyes 10 hard-boiled crime fiction: "Mike introduced me 10
books by Raymond Clutndler and Dashiell Hammetl,
which I had never found here in the Stales oddly enough." ~
When Sallis began to wrile his own crime novels, critks ~
distinguished him as a supposed rare breed -the "literary
crime writer". Sallis finds the tag "useless and foolish" but
his novels have an undeniable inlellectualism that remains
rare in the gcnre. ~.r C; lA ~~
Sallis gives me the skinny on the next novel: "'The major
characters are a contract killer, a 12-year-old whose
parents have disappeared a nd who goes on living by
himself in the family bowe, and a pair of detectives, with
the point of view shifting among them chapter to chapter."
Long-legged Ay and Cypress Grove started out as
standalones, so who knows if this will launch another
series. As Sallis says: "I never know I'm jumping in the
river, I always think I'm just sticking my feet in.-

Exam~
Most of the answer
options are referred
to in some way or
other in the text, so
you need to check
each one carefully.

13 What does James Sallis suggest about his latest novel in the first paragraph?
@ He adapted it as he went along.
B The main character is based on himself.
C It caused him to doubt his writing ability.
o He struggled to portray the main character.

14 In the second paragraph, SaWs implies that his novels differ from those of many
other crime writers in that
A the events in the storylines are not in chronological order.
@ he prefers his characters to feature prominently throughout.
C his storylines are based mainly on flashbacks.
o the plots are rather slow to develop.

15 In paragraph three, the writer wonders if his reaction to Sallis' novels are due to the
fact that

@ the plot is not the central focus.

B the storylines are hard to follow.
C the writing style is very descriptive.
o the storylines mirror human experience.

16 What does 'all that' (line 42) refer to?

A the intricacies of a plotline

aspects of a novel that a reader can identify with

C detailed descriptions of characters
D the elements of a novel that set the scene

17 According to the fourth paragraph, one way in which 8allis' upbringing is reflected
in his books is through
A his poetic writing style.
B the themes he explores.
C a focus on characters from the lower class.
@ some of the dialogue between characters.
18 What do we learn about Sallis in the sixth paragraph?
A He was heavily influenced by collaboration with other writers.
B He doesn't see himself as an exceptionally good crime writer.

He is dismissive of the way he is defined as a writer.

D He wanted to take an established writing style a step further.

19 In the final paragraph, what does 8allis conclude about his writing projects?
A He always starts with the basis of a novel and then sees how it develops.
He doesn't envisage them being ambitious projects at the start.
C He enjoys not knowing what direction they will eventually take.
D He doesn't base his expectations on previous results .

.,

':'

75

PART 4

EXOm ~
Have you selected
all the sections at

You are going to read about some unusual places In London. For questions 20-34, choose
from the sections (AF) . The sections may be chosen more than once.
Note: When more than one choice Is required, these may be given in any order.

least once?
Which place(s}/bu8Ines8{es)
has an external appearance whICh doesn't distinguish itself

in any way?

offers a custom-made s8fVice?

121I D

made changes after acknowledging an influx of a partlcular

1221

kind of customer?

does not house anything made

In

large quantitIes?

----

have little room that is left unaccounted for?

seems to prefer keeping a low profile?

124 1A 11 25 1B
1261A

may not be open to visitors for much longel'?

128 I F

offers visitors something that probably far exceeds their

129 1B
130 I Cl

hosts unpubliclsed events?

131 1E

may be able to offer a member of the public expert assistance?

132 1Cl

may cause an inclMdual to k$e their enthusiasm for using

133 1D

something?
houses a feature whose 1ntrinsic qualities make a deeper point?

76

123 1E

127 1E

expectatiOns?

can be found close to many other similar ptaces/businesses?

houses a collection which Is worthy of being attributed

greater importance?

..,.

120 I F

134 1F

The Eccentric's Guide to London

Mat Osmon is the editor of Le Cool London, a weekly cmoil dedicated 10 digging up the best o/what
London has to offer. Some saJ ;I:r the best Ustitlgs collection in the cUy, alld this year Ihey've pub/bolted
one DJ Ihe most ntr;c guidebooks about Wndon. Here art a few !av,mrile erUrie.\,

A The Wapping Project

doeMl't show up on taxi ciMB' radaB, and tile webslte doesn't
Ml dui W'I iCI)1tq IS . . . . . . IS lI'Iiddress or phOoe number.
"" n', almost ID those runnirI9 !he W!pp!Ml Protect don't wan( 't?J
10 find It - but Ihat'd be I 5hamI because IhIs Is a famasbc
gallery. like a baby Tate Modem, the gallery Is set In an old
~ industn31 space. but unlil<e ItS big sister It's still crammed With
"'"<. m!Ch!nery and eve!\' Inch has been used On a recent VISit, the
roof had been IIooded and smaI boa! was rTlQOf9d OY8IokiIlO

IhI Thames as IhI _

l<nca~ _ _ """
spsa1tefs. Downstairs In VIe boier house in entirI forest had been
recreated and towemg trees scraped the beams of the ceiling The
turbine haI's tile was busy wrth VISItors eating dinner .. !he IIg/lt
of candles dotted 0Wf the old machines, and mn the !TeeS
0IJtWI were IIA1WIed wilt hundreds of yellOw silk umbrellas.

D: The Jukebol Showroom

Ovef 20,000 old recOfds in blank cardboard sIeeYes Ine the back
room 01 Ray and Steve's JukeboK Showroom 1f)'Oll buy one 01
!heir VII'Uge boQS you can fill! WIffl ~hitever you 11\8 - and for 61\
t3.SO. pop they'. even get O!! 13'tOUntP IlJne bwlSlelled to vInYl ?
~ Brothet's SteYe and Ray have been dOOg this for 12 years
- they buy 'em, mend 'em and seU 'em on, so the shop feels more
like UUllt home than a showroom Pop Ill, gel SIeve to make you a
cup of tea (he makes a mean brew) and crank out SuspICIous
~ on 1he old Seetuv 200; after the <*t beast cractdes Into ife
IOd tiIs the room wilt! its huge, wann sound.

E: NOG
I:s been

8 Krlstin 8aybars
"ThIs Is not a toy shop.- It slates on the cobwebby door IIn I
tlat row of shopS by Gospel Oak station And Ifs not It IS a
~ lJtputian wor1d 01 doI's nooses and fumrture,
rface
~ ctMred WICh 40 years wont! of tIrrt works of at! - coal s
.
pia'" ~ food. pe~ .... _
Is IhI personoI _
d
K!Isbn ,..".. ... has - ' 40 '"'" moidng _ _ by """
and is SUI fuI 01 !he wonder 01 _ all: aM It Is a 'NOtkshop,
ShOwroOm and fTlJseum. And 11 Is also one of the ITIOSI oddly
beautrhi places 11 London. Ftaruong 10,000 intricately crafted
househok:Iltems. atT10gId across rooms and benches aod display
~cases, Hthis were an art~ 11 wooId bit anabooal~,
on display In the Tate Of the Bnttsh Museum lnstead ~'$ here on
Mansfield Road, betund a cWap!dated dOOr 00 whiCh hangs I

~~~~~~~iIIl~~.~...j!art COYerBd wG'I tIntastic

wor1c. tom from nocetM:ris the sheI\teS 11'1 IYI of W1y one-person
larlZlne5 Youl find tiny 000CIIea next to InI1Icate sprawling
~. and wor1<s by unknOWn students S/tIJng next to K1m
Gordon's chWlOgS What you wonl find is any!htno dull, or !!!!lV'''', i
~ or amply. lO19 We NOG

helpful ,., remmdlng you what ~ is 001

F Phllght
(j{j) C

Postclrd re

"'"\.11:'5 I surprise to ~ any kind ~ barpai'! on New BCW'Id Street. let

alone london's best cup of tea tor a YfItY reasonab6e l.SO But
Postcard Teas Isn't your lvetage kind 01 place Brainchild at tea
lover extraordinalre, IJaveflef and aII-rouod good egg TImothy
d'Offay, !he bny shop is 00mI to all kinds 01 tatlleas from your
~ ooIong to your chaJ n)'Oll get !kno!hy IimseIf seMng you {and
~
kwId of
!hen Itu little like
I
PicII: a P.IC1 one and you can even send It oIt 1$

IhI
"""'" own _
inside

OutsIde youl be sure you're In the wror'l'll place.

---

PART 1

Exam ~
While writing your
answer, avoid

copying from the

original more than Is
necessary. Although
you are not

(1 hour 30 minutes)

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 18().220 words in an appropriate styfe.
You are a primary school teacher who recently took your class to an art gallery. A few
days later you read this 'letter to the editor' in a local newspaper. Read the extract from
the letter below with your handwritten notes and the extract from the letter from a
member of the public as well as the pupils' comments. Then, using the Information
appropriately, write your own letter to the editor of the newspaper, expressing your
disagreement with the contents of the 'letter to the editor' that you read.

expected to add
ideas of your own,
you should use your
own words as far as
possible.

Ik-~ """'~
_-/heir.-l<H; W..f

wen, "'""
....don't get me wrong. I'm not against school parties visiting the gallery. However,
during my visit last week I was suddenly surrounded by a horde of eami insolent
children. T
id no attention halSCle\'ef to the works on display, lacked discipline
and obviously saw the trip as an excuse to miss school.
The teachers did nothing to counter this behaviour, which was completely inappropriate
for our town's finest pllery. Art requires peace and quiet to be lruly appreciated.
Ch;Idren(pUSh;ng ~ not create an atmosphe<e condutive to that end.

'""~
"'""" <i<f .,
!.to fM,o<

Plea9C: find enc:lo&ed a photo I took of one of yc'IU' pupll~ next: to V., GorJ't.
May I ~try how j.~ I wr.; with the roy [n the: photo. He we oIMou&ly
~joyine hi& viM t;O the gallery very m.JCh N
1'1.11& extremely polite CO my
Il'IOther at"Id my&elf. We a l&o very I1'1JCh ~joyed l1eaine nlm tell U!t everything
he IW t ..".,J al>out the p""""",,

It was great to see paintings which I'd

only seen in books before.

lleamt loads. I'll definitely go againl

Write your letter. You do not need to Include postal addresses.

78

Exam~
Information leaflets
need an appropriate
layout. They should
be eye-catching and
reader-friendly. The
information needs
10 be presented
clearly_ Headings
and sub-headings
should be included.
Use a direct and
friendly style.

Write an answer to one of the of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 220-260
words in an appropriate style.

You are a member of your university orientation committee. You have been asked to
write an information leaflet describing a selection of leisure facilities available at your
university. You should give a brief description of each club, outline their main activities,
and give any other information you think is relevant to new students.

Write the text for your leaflet.

3 There have been a number of complaints recently from students living on your college
campus. They complain of littering on the campus as well as graffiti on buildings and
other cases of vandalism. The students have held a meeting to discuss ways of
improving the situation. You have been asked to write a report for the college principal
outlining the problem and suggesting ways of improving the situation.
Write your report.

The Tourist Information Board is publishing some new material to encourage more
tourists to visit your country this year and is asking for articles persuading tourists to
visit your area. Write your article, giving some background information about your
area, describing two of your favourite local tourist spots and explaining why tourists
might enjoy visiting your area.
Write your article.

Answer one of the following two questions based on one of the books you have read.
(a) Your teacher has asked you to write an essay saying which character in the book
you find most interesting. You should describe this character and say why you think
he or she is the most interesting character in the story.
(b) A bookshop website has invited its readers to send in a review of a book. You
decide to write a review one of the books you have read, briefly outlining the plot
and saying whether or not you recommend it to other readers and why.

79

PART 1

Exam~

(1 hour)

For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A. B, C or D) best fits
each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Make sure the word

you choose fits the

style of the text, which
may be formal or fairly
informal.

0 A says

Example,

B does

delivers

announces

LIO---,-I__C_ _-,I-,==--O-,='"'-'I

POWER SPEAK

lOll

,re.m, a m~tmg
. an dh
delivers
hYau
t e mark
etmg manager stan ds up an d(O) .................................
a speec.
listen (1) ..... /1.. .h<.M.J.I .. I,(.U..Y,. ................ , hanging onto her every word, but slowly your mind
(2) .......... ,w..fU1 .. ..(,)........... '1:/ and you find yourself planning the weekly shop. You don't mean to be impolite,
but you're not quite up to the mark on the most recent power sp eak. Her talk of "fishing where the fish swim" and
"making significant inroads in~'Je~~ailing" leave you (3) .........W.fI...l1..rAlt.;.'.. I1.y. ......... why you're the only person who
hasn't got a(n) (4) .................. ~ .................... what's going on. Don't panic, you've just been subjected to the latest
barrage of business 'bu~ords'. g() (0/1< 0(1 f{ ({{f
(5) ............ .c{Ji.a..c.L~J .................. shows that up to 75% of office employees engage in the use of such meeting.
room jargon to give the (6) ...../ .h1..j!I./.0:1.JO'14........... that they have power. If you're not up.to.dJ te you m;y find
that you are no longer taken serious{y by your colleal ues. power speak is a game completely (7) ...... (J..O.k!. ..!1.L ......... .
up with group idcp.tificativ/ and the (8) ......... ..l.'(...r&M..5...U?./!.J ............. of outsiders who don't know the language.
As (9) ...........cK{{r.?.r.J:] ..{............... as its usage may be, not everyone is impressed by it. Many find it irritating and
(10) ............... /..l..j..a. .r::.v.J ................... those who indulge in it as pretentious and }Omewh3) ridiculous.
Nonetheless, pO>ker speak is here to stay and the Internet has (11) ..... .//l1...kf..ttd.. f1. ........................... its part in
providing a wealth of newYl cabulary. We can now 'down load' (share ideas) :'ith cotfeagues, make 'guesstimates' or if
all else (12) ............t< .~ .l.{............................., experience a 'harddrive crash' (nervous breakdown). Don't fee l
downhearted if mosfbf this goes over your head. It is estimated that 20% of people who use jargon don't know what
it means either.

t he scene,
Plcture

11

1 A precisely
2 A walks
3

wondering

4 @ clue

5 A Inquiry
6 A feeling
7 A mixed
8 A elimination
9 A sizeable
10

regard

11 A taken
12 A falls

80

attentively
B
B
B
B

D conscientiously

C races

thinking

C imagining

D reflecting

hint

C idea

D indication

Examination

C Study

impression
B caught

B
B
B
B

C accurately

strolls

prevention

D effect

bound

D made

exclusion
C inflated

mention

C note

@ fails

@ Research

C sense

elevated
run

@ wanders

D separation

extensive
D observe

played

D done

C breaks

D goes

Test 4
PART 2

Exom~
There may be more
than one correct
answer, but do not
write more than one
word in each gap.

For questions 13-27, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use
only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example:

I0 I

ABOUT

I=0= I

i Bridging
the Gap_
_v C/NI YJ 1/,(
o r-l,.,...

You're just (0) . ... 3~P.~YL ....

to finish seh

or university, or

you've se ed (U) .... J'!.~~~~~.~

.....

a job that just isn't doing it for you - now what?

Some big decisions are looming. Do you step straight (14) ........9f.1.(g........ the
conveyor belt of more academic education? Do you plunge headlong into a career-

for-life? Perhaps you're not quite prepared to go down that road just
(15) ......... .Y.~t. ......., or at least (16) ......... m?t. ....... directly.
Finishing school is a unique time (17) ........ ..In........... anyone's life. Options are
virtually limitless and responsibilities are relatively few (18) .... .....I!.IJ#. ........ far
between. It's the perfect time (19) ......... J9. .......... pursue those things you've
always wanted to do. You could travel, learn another language, do conservation
work, or teach in another country. (20) ........ I~~

......... possibilities are endless.

Every year, more and more people are deciding that the conveyor belt is not
(21) ......... 1.9.(. ......... them, including (22) ....... ~n~~y........ people who are already
(23) ..........9.r!. ......... it. Instead, they are opting to (24) ....... J~.~~

out for themselves, to do some exploring, gain a (25) ........ !!m~

........

some time

........ life experience

and find (26) .........9.~.t ........ where their interests lie. They're deciding to take a gap
year and discover for themselves (27) ........~.~~t

...... really matters and where their

true place in the world will be.

81

PART 3

Exam~
When you have
finished, read
through the text
with the words
inserted, to see if
it makes sense.

For questions 28-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some
of the lines to form a word that frts in the gap In the same line. There is an example at the
beginning (0).

Example:

I0 I DISAGREEMENT I=

0=

l:.E'r $l.EEPiNQ
SEARS l..iE
00 bears hibernate? Although this question may never have

occurred to you, it is a subject of (0) ...~!.~.~~L among

AGREE

scientists. (28) ....... .I:!H~J1m~JigD. ... _... is characterised by the

HIBERNATE

(29) .........r.e.d.uc.tio.o ......... of body temperature to almost O C, as

REDUCE

well as a much slower heartbeat and (30) ......... b.r.e.a1hillg........ .

BREATH

rate. Bears have the second of these characteristics, having a

heartrate that slows less than half its normal rate during their
prolonged period of wint'" (31) ........ dQl.mal!c~.: ..

..However.
their body temP0f81ure undergoes relatively (32) ....!9!i19mfl.C.g.11.L .

DORMANT
SIGNIFY

changes during this time, dropping just)l-~ qegrees. Also, bears

are more (33) ..... _.......f~~.~Uy.............. ~ from their sleeping

==:: ::~I~g=;:; ~~~.~~~~7~~~.~~~~::

during the

Wj~;;r Some

EASY
BORN

scientists, however. hold the

(35) ............./;?'U~t ............. that bears do in fact hibernate. They

BEUEVE

point out that their massive bodies do not lose as much

(36) ..............n.~~L

............ as the much smaller bodies of fellow

HOT

hibernators. and that is why their body temperature remains

(37) y.rJ{;lJ.~r.C!.~.(IJ.r.~~f!r;.~Uy high. Whether bears are really
hibernating or not. however, one thing is for sure - bears will
continue to sleep away the winter.

82

CHARACTER

Test 4
PART 4

Exam ~
The words before
or after the gap
will usually tell
you if the word
you are looking
for is part of an
expression.

For questions 38-42 think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three
sentences. Here is an example (0) .

o She commented that it was about ....... .f!r!J.~ ........ she started helping more around
the house.
People's eating habits have d rastically changed over .. .... J!m.~ ........ .
We took ...... Jtm.~

Example:

........ to stop and admire the view on our journey.

TIME

l ~o~1

38 All the toys in the shop are made individually by .......~.~m!. .......

Sarah promised her mother that she would give her a .. ... . .lJJW.ct .... . with the

housework after school.

The students have been told that they must ....... !J.~nC!. ....... in their essays by
Friday.

39 Why don't we go for a ....... ~~f'!!~........ along the coast this afternoon?
I paid them more than I expected; they .. ..... d(('r~........ a hard bargain!
Sorry but this music is going to ...... J:J.t:!.I(~........ me mad!

40 The teacher waited for the class to .......~~m~

....... down before she began the

lesson.
It took Anna a few months to .......~.~f!l~ ....... into her new school.
I'd like to ....... ~~.~!~....... my account, please.

41

hI
James leaned over to .. .... .../'~g............
the candle on the table.
It was just getting ...... )~g.IJ.L ..... outside as June left the house to go to work
that morning.
New evidence came to ...... Ji9.0L ...... in the case after months of
investigation .

42 The news reporter .... .t;?~~t~~ .... the story from start to finish.
The forest fire .....~9.'!!~.t:~~ .... an area of nearly five square miles
He .....t;.9.'!!~.t:~~ .... his face with his scarf to protect himself from the icy wind.

83

PARTS

Exam~
Look at the word
given and run
through different
ways in which it
can be used 10
see if any of
these uses will fit.

For questions 4350 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given . You must use between
three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

o He always gives the impression that he's very confident.

ACROSS
He always .................................................................................. very confident.
Example:

ICOMES ACROSS AS BEING I=

0 =

43 As well as burning the steaks, I also overcooked the potatoes!

DID

..

..... , but I also overcooked the potatoes.

Not ..... 9.':!!y...r:J.!~IP.~mJ!.J.~ ~.~~~~.~

44 The novelist is just about to sign a million pound contract.

VERGE
The novelist is ........9.n. .~n~ .y.~r9~..qf. .~/gD/I]9. ....... a million pound contract.
45 Steve's parents were not surprised by his exam results.

CAME
Steve's test results ...............~~m.~ . ~.~. J1!? .~Y.'J?r{~~Jq............... his parents.
46 Because it's raining so heavily, the match will have to be cancelled.

VIEW
In ............~~'!.. 9.Uf.1.~ ..f.1.~!!.'(yJ~lrJ ......... , the match will have to be cancelled.
47 My girlfriend doesn't really want us to go out tonight.

RATHER
My girtfriend .................. w.gy.~q..r:!l.t.f.1.~r.. '!!(~..g;#.(O.................. go out tonight.
48 I couldn't write the report because my laptop craShed.

PREVENTED
I ... w.~.~. p.r.~y.~!J.~~p..tr.qm. . w.r.Wng ... the report because my laptop crashed.
49 The police arrested the man because they suspected he had carried out
several burglaries in the area.

SUSPICION

A man was arrested .... ~r.'..~y.~p.!~l.9.n. .qf..~~r.tym.g . g,HL . several burglaries

in the area.
50 Bill didn't think that Michael could fix his car.

ABILITY
Bill didn't think that Michael .............. f:J.~~fJh~..~PH~w.JqJ~~ .............. his car.

84

Test 4
PART 1

Exam~
Make sure you take
full advantage of the
preparation time by
reading through
each question and
thinking about the
situation you are
about to hear.

(Approximately 40 minutes)

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A. B Of C) which
you think fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

EXTRACT 1
You hear an interview with advertising executive JamBS Alexander.

1 Why does James compare himself to a car?

A to demonstrate how he channelled his energy
B to explain how he changed his attitude
C to emphasise the fast pace of his life
2

11 Is

Looking back, how does James see his first job?

A as a lucky break
B as a necessary hardship
C as a waste of time

12 lA

EXTRACT 2
You hear two friends talking about a sailing trip.

3 How did the girl persuade her brother to go on the trip?

A She promised him that the trip would be short.
B She assured him that he would enjoy himseH.
C She convinced him that it would do him good.

13 le I

4 What mistake did the girl and her brother make?

A They didn't listen to the weather forecast.
B They didn't thoroughly check the boat.
C They steered the boat incorrectly.

14 IS

EXTRACT 3
You hear an interview with a product designer Paul Roberts.

5 What does Paul aim to do when designing new products?

A to take inspiration from others' successful designs
B to ensure his designs reflect who he is
C to come up with original designs

15 le I

6 What does Paul find most rewarding about exhibiting his work?
A meeting the challenge of putting an exhibition together
B seeing first hand the reactions of the public to his work
C realising that there is a demand for his products

16 IS

85

PART 2

Exam~

You will hear part of a radio programme about genetically modified food. For questions
7-14, complete the sentences.

Always make sure

that your answer fits
grammatically and

makes sense.

Europeans have a(o) L-________s~U~S~P~/~C~iO

~U~S____________~IL7~lattitude
towards genetically modified food.

At present. acres of genetically modified crops in the USA

number

Isl

76 million

By the year 2100 the majority

oflL_______n_o_n_-_w_il_d..:p_l_a_n_ts_ _ _ _ _.l1_9.J1

will be genetically modified.

Only

Iis considered a more pressing

L _______
u_n_e_m
-'p_/o-'yc..m
__e_n_t__________.l1_1_0

issue than GM foods by residents of some nations.

Allergic reactions are caused by a small number of

....:..p::.r.::o.:.te~i.n:.:
:. s______....L11.:..::.;1I

LI _ _ _ _ _ _

in foods.

This could be avoided through

(clear) labelling

the prod UCL.

Weeds may be able to resist

weed killers

,
Genetically modified plants are only different in that they better display

1
86

(the) qualities

1141 that humans consider impor tant.

---:;;';-4 . . .
PART 3

Exam~
Narrow down your
choices after
listening for the
first time.

You will hear part of a radio interview in which an actor, Harry Jones, is talking about his
career. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, e , C or 0) which fits best according to
what you hear.

15 How does Harry view the media attention he is receiving?

@ He sees it as a temporary intrusion.
S He sees it as being beneficial to his career.
C He sees it as a tiring distraction.
o He sees it as a measure of his success.
16 What did Harry find difficult about his latest role?
having to learn a new skill
B adapting to the demanding schedule
C working with a large number of people
o wearing awkward costumes and heavy make-up

17 Harry attributes much of the criticism of his perfonnance in his new

role to the fact that
A he is older than his character is supposed to be.
e he was relatively unknown before he was given the part.
viewers need time to get used to him playing the role.
D the actor who played his character previously was very
different.

18 What did Harry appreciate about working in the theatre?

A working nearer to home
@ having time for family holidays
C going on tour
D having a shorter wor1<ing day
19 What does Harry believe would help him to become a film
producer?
A his contacts in the film industry
@ his reputation as an actor
C his increasing knowledge of the film business
o his experience of producing in theatre
20 Why does Harry want to combine producing and acting?
A He wants to enjoy the advantages of both careers.
B He believes he would enjoy the variety.
C He thinks he is equally gifted at both.
He believes this is the best way to become better at both.

87

PART 4

Exam ~
When listening for
the second time,
complete the

You will hear five short extracts in which students are talking aboul their academic life.
While you listen you must complete both tasks.

answers you missed

as well as

TASK ONE

confirming the

For questions 2125, choose from the list A-H the subject each stud ent is studying.

answers you
completed during
the first listening.

Law

Psychology

C Physics
0

Journalism

E Economics
F Art

Speaker 1

21

Speaker 2

22

Speaker 3

23

Speaker 4

24

Speaker 5

25

G Information technology
H

Fashion design

TASK TWO
For questions 26-30 , choose from the list A-H what aspect of their studies each

speaker focuses on.

A improving their general career prospects

B an area of weakness that he/she needs to

Speaker 1

26

Speaker 2

27

Speaker 3

28

Speaker 4

29

Speaker 5

30

work on

C their enthusiasm for the subject

0

their reasons for choosing the course

E learning to juggle various responsibilities

F enjoying the student lifestyle

G the different pressures of their course

H getting their work noticed by others

88

Test 5
PART 1

(1 hour 15 minutes)

You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with work. For
questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the

text.

For a week she enjoyed her liberty

heartily,

then

set about

finding

something to do. Her wish was to be a

governess, that being the usual refuge
for respectable girls who have a living

m to

get. But (hristie soon found her

" \ want of accomplishment a barrier to

success in that line, for the mothers

thought less of the solid than of

ornamental branches. and wished their
little darlings to learn French before
English, music before grammar, and
drawing before writing.

So after several disappointments.

teaching. Sewing she resolved not to

try until all else failed; and, after a few
more attempts to get writing to do,
she said to herself in a fit of humility r'21
and good sense: I'll begin at the ?
beginning and work my way up. I'll put
my pride in my pocket, and go out to
service. Housework I like, and can do
well, thanks to aunt Betsey. I never
thought it degradation to do it for her,
so why should I mind doing it for
others if they pay for it? It isn't what I
want, but it's better than idleness, so
I'll try it!

(hristie gave up on the idea of

1 Why was Christie not suitable for a job as a teacher?

A She had no previous teaching experience.
S The parents found her low-class background unacceptable.
Typical positions required skills she did not have.
D She disagreed too much with the demands of the parents.

2 Regarding Christie's decision to become a servant in a house, we learn that she

A made it mainly for economic reasons.
@ saw it as preparation for her future.
C wasn't sure if she was suitable for such a job.
o resented the fact that it was her only choice.

89

PART 1

Hire
Education
Job ads are written in a strange, impenetrable
language. LeJ A/ice WignaJ/ translate.
As 0 lowly job hunter, one could be forgiven for feeling
o little bitter. There you ore, 0 hard-working and talented
individual, simply trying to escope the misery of your
current job, and we all know what 0 Herculean task that
con be. But do would-be employers ease your
despair? Why nol
They plunge you

even deeper inlo

it,

of job ads no normal person con understand, written in

some kind of recruilmentese- .
Honesriy, how hard con it be to pen 0 quick od and
then sit back and wait for the flood of hopeful responses
to arrive? Quite hard, apparently. For one thing, no
company wants 0 flood of applications. It IDJ es time and
energy to deal with them and 011 the spelling mistokes ore

just really depressing_ The fewer the better - so long os

the few ore 011 brilliant candidates. -The true skill behind
good recruitment is to captivate the right people with the

"

via
the
medium

~nf,f;;;;;;;~'

course, once you are

you
and turned into gloves,
i
speaking , but that is a problem for when you've got the
job. Before then, you need to learn to read berween the
lines, to make sure you get the right role and the
company.
C VVI d t4 ~
'01

A(I(V.aJ,

IiIIIU?j~ ti.

,;r','r;1J~

3 According to the writer, employers write job ads in a particular style in order to
A hide the downsides of the job.
B attract only serious applications.
C test the intelligence of applicants.
@ attract the perfect candidate for the job.

4 In the third paragraph , the writer makes a comparison between the job hunter and
a rabbit in order to emphasise
A the difficulty job hunters have in finding the right position.
the effort that employers must make to entice the right candidate.
C the attitude that job hunters should have towards potential employers.
o the advantage that recruiters have over job hunters.

90

Test 5

How to be ha

I .I

Many of us like to think our ideas of success are

sophisticated: we understand happiness isn't all about
money, work or being the best. We prize ~balance~ or,
if we're relentless workers, tell ourselves we do it for

fulfilment, not cash . But, according to Harvard

Business School professors Laura Nash and Howard
Stevenson, we're kidding ourselves if we think this will
make us hapPf'- Our new definitions of suc.cess, they

write in their book Just Enough. can be more

problematic than the old ones.

It's easy, for example, to mock prescriptions for

happiness based on ever greater wealth: we know that people who make 1m just end up
wanting 10m. But the focus on cash is only half the problem. The other is the infinitude
- and consequent unachievability - of the goal. ~Am I making the most of my life?~ Nash
and Stevenson point out, is just as infinite a question as, ~Am I rich enough ?~ albeit more
spiritual-sounding. Set it as a target. and you'll never get there.

The obvious objection is that such goals aren't meant to be completed, but to propel us
ever forwards. Yet in Nash and Stevenson's interview-based studies, the truly happy
weren't locked in constant striving after a single goal, even that of ~making the most of
your life~. Nor, though, were they living in ftwork-life balance~. That, the authors write, l
another unattainable target. Our multiple goals will naturally dash, and seeking a static,
permanent, clash-free state is a recipe for misery. For Nash and Stevenson's happy
people, by contrast, the secret of success was that there was no single secret. They had
I
I
i 11
into place and they could say they'd done it.

,- " Ufl
5 What is implied about happiness in the first Dalraarao,h?
A It comes from having a balance9 approach to life.
B It can't be achieved through anyone thing.
People still hold wrong beliefs about it.
o Few people manage to find it.

On the whole, Nash and Stevenson believe that happiness is achieved by

focusing on the ongoing process of achieving goals.

B achieving one goal and then moving on to the next.

C completing as many goals as possible in a short time.
each individual finding their own personal goals.

91

PART 2
You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. $(X paragraphs have been removed from the extract.
Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (7-12). There is one extra paragraph which you

do not need to use.

~~Jdi~ water,
Turn on the cold water in a power shower and stay
there for 10 tortuous minutes 10 get some idea of how
numbingly nippy it is abseiling down a waterfall in the
Lakeland fells. Then slip on a wet suit and try it for
real- because aquaseiling, as this invigorating pursuit
is known, is worth adding to the list of action sports
you really ought to try.

my footing and swing sideways into a cu rtain of water.

I feel as if I am back under the power shower as
freezing spray is forced inside the collar of my wet suit
and out again through the tops of my boots. I have
now lost sight of Gray.

Even if I had frozen with fear or caught the fingers of

my gloves in my abSeil device, I would have been in no
danger. Gray could have simply tied me off, found out
what was wrong, then lowered me away. I regain my
precarious footing. My body temperature is rising fast
inside the wet suit, so I no longer notice quite how icy
the water is. I am feeling strangely pleased with
myself.

While fIxing an ~irectlY over a scudding

cascade is something most experienced cl imbers
religiously avoid, others with a thirst for adventure
have been doing it for fun for about a decade. Even in
winter.

G
Thus harnessed and roped up, I edge backwards
towards the lip of my first "nurserY' waterfall in Church
Beck in the Coppermines Valley, near Coniston in
Cumbria. My guide is Steve Gray, who is methodical
and thorough. He checks and re-checks the belay or
anchor points. ropes, harness and karabiners, leaving
nothing to chance. More accidents occur when
abseiling than when climbing. But most are due to
human error and are avoidable.

D
I feel my way over the edge, where knee-high water
deluges down the near-vertical slabs. Suddenly, I lose

92

on tha rocks

F
Does he have occasional dramas? "People have
dramas in their own heads. It is one of the more
dangerous outdoor activities, but it is well-managed,"
he says.

B
"Up here, there's the added exposure and height that
you don't experience abseiling in a narrow beck," he
says, as he sets up the anchor points. "We're plenty
high enough up here and this is a perfect little
waterfall. This is where you'll really find out what
aquaseiling is about." Lordy.

A "It's a bit slippery," he bellows, trying not 10 laugh

too much as my smooth-soled plimsolls slither in all
directions. Fortunately I am attached to a safety
rope so, even if I .were
IQ let go, I would simply
,
dangle.

Less than an
clothes and asce
;:;;n""'''"a' ,;;rack to Lo, Water Tarn in
the shadow of the grassy flanks of Coniston Old
Man, southemmost of the major central Lakeland
fells. We trace the edges of Low Water Beck, which
flows from the tarn towards the cliffs, and we rest
where it crashes over the edge. There are three 100ft
pitches between us and thc valley floor. We have
lunch, then climb into our wet suits once more.

Test 5 '

--

F The sudden' mersion has stimulated a tidal wave

of endorphins
cl I am grinning rather than
groanmg when, finally, I plop into the neck-deep
pool at the fool of the drop. Although previous
experience certainly helps, it is not mandatory. "I
take groups on a dry run before we start, to make
sure they understand the rope techniques," says
Gray.
G

Cold-water therapy improves your circulation and

boosts your immune system, but the idea of being
immersed in an icy torrent for several minutes at a
time sounds Jjke masochism. Yet, strangely, once
cocooned in wet1tn\ helmct, neoprene gloves, boots
and ~id. I feel supremely prepared.

A tremendous sense of panic suddenly gripped me.

Having volunteered to try the new sport of
aquaseiling. I am now seriously regretting having
such a foolhardy thirst for adventure. The water was
freezing. Even though I am kitted out with a harness
and a helmet, it is a small comfort as I hang there,
unable to regain my balance.

D Gray is shaven-headed beneath his helmet, but

doesn't feel the cold. " I'm used to it," he yells above
the thunder of the water. "Now, just step to your
right and enjoy yourself." Gray is always looking for
new aquaseiling descents in the Lakes or in the
Yorkshire Dales. He takes groups of up to eight
people (aged at least 18) on day-long, miniexpeditions whenever weather conditions allow.
G

quaseiling is not to be confused with its close

cousin. canyoning, which is 20 years old. Canyoning
invo lves shding, jumping and swimming down
ravines along the course of youthful streams.
Aquaseiling is about negotiating waterfalls with

ropes_

93

PART 3

You are going to read a newspaper article. For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you
think fits best according to the text.

Unwanted Guests
New York is the perfect city for a mini-break, says rim Geary. Just don " stay at my place.
I hate early autumn. I hate its deep blue skies and late
summer winds, its new plays and films, its alluring beauty.
J hate it because it means one thing: houseguest season in
New York. That doesn't mean I can hunt them (I wish),
but that they're here to visit. These guests never take on
~ January's biting winds or the swelter of mid-August. They
p(prefer to spoil the beautiful months. They want to torture
me now. Since I moved to New York from England in
1989, I have become accuslomed to chirpy midsummer
calls setting up visits in the fall. 'It's been loo long!' an old
friend will begin. I know what's coming next: 'So we
thOUght we'd come to New York!' 'Great!' I long to reply.
'Come for coffee. Ay in, fly out, I'm busy.' And yet,
because this man was my tennis partner in college or that
woman gave birth to me, I agree to have them to stay,
knowing as I speak the error of my ways.
The truth is that houseguests have no place in New
York City. More to the point, they should have no place
but they usually do - mine. Over the next three months, I
have twelve people coming to stay. I feel like the manager
~ at the Plaza, only less well dressed. It isn't that I'm mean.
R I know the pleasure found in staying with friends in Dallas
or Seattle. I appreciate being collected from the airport
and chauffe ured around my friends' cities. I recognise the
luxury in spreading out my clothes across the floor of a tidy
spare room.
But in New York there are few spare rooms. We live in
tiny apartments. We rarely have cars. We work at jobs that
don't permit leisurely lunches. More important, New
Yorkers choose a pace that is exclusively our own, finding
/ neighbourhoods and jobs and lovers to suit that style.
Houseguests. with their lazy hometown ways, arrive in our
apartments at a different speed. Like the specks of dirt
I \ that get stuck between the grooves of a CD, they interrupt
I 'the sound and rhythm of our days.
As any adult with parents knows, nothing interrupts a
life more Ihan having your fol ks back in it. My parents,
whom I love deeply from afar, are slaying with me now .

94

..

Because they travel like refugees, seemingly with

their~ne 39

life's possessions, my apartment looks like a check-in desk

al Miami airport over spring break. And it is my wife,
Sarah, and I who feel like the travellers. While my parents
sleep in the bedroom, we clamber over bags and wrestle
with the springs of the sofa bed I chose for ils lack of
inviting comfort. As I watch the VCR's clock blink into the

small hours, I can hear the snores from the bedroom's

well-padded mattress.

The daylight hours are yet worse. Houseguests claimthey are keen to see how we live, yet they have no interest
in which grocer's mango is 20 cents cheaper or where to
find a dry cleaner that will protect your buttons with foil.
Instead, visitors expect to be presented with a New York
that isn't our own. They want to take cabs, not subways; to
meander along leafy streets, not be asked to jaywalk across
four-lane avenues; to run into Woody Alien at the ~
Carnegie Deli, not your chiropractor at the local diner.
They want to know when the Circle Line leaves or which
clubs offer techno on Mondays. If you don't know the
answers, they look at you as if you don't belong. The truth,
of course, is that New Yorkers take no interest in the
things tourists crave. We want to know where our
chiropractor buys his mangoes.
Occasionally, perfect houseguests do appear, stoppingby for a nighl or two to show the others up. They pack
lightly. They are not vegetarians or insomniaes-...TheyJjke .Jfil\
your cilS:'""They buy wine and milk and don't have long ~
showers on their vacation, at least not in your apartment.
And they leave when they promise, or sooner. But they are
rare.
From next year on, I'm just going 10 say no. I realise
that while it is said that houseguesls, like fish, stay fresh for If9l
only three days. in New York their shelf life is much ?
shorter. Like bagels, they need only a few hours before
they become very stale indeed.

Test 5-;11

13 What does the writer say in the first paragraph regarding visits from family and
friends?
A They intrude on the precious time he reserves for his family.
B They disrupt his routine at a particularly busy time of year.

They ruin for him what would otherwise be a pleasant season.

o They force him to be hospitable to people he doesn't know well.
14 Regarding the twelve people coming to stay with him, the writer says that he

A doubts that they will be appreciative of his hospitality.

understands their motives for wanting to stay with him.

e thinks that it would be better for them to stay in a hotel.
D hopes that he will be able to stay with them in return.
15 The main reason why the writer believes houseguests are not for New York is that
A most New Yorkers live in very overcrowded conditions.
B they expect a level of attention that New Yorkers cannot give them.
C New York's residential neighbourhoods are not visitor-friendly.

@ they interfere with the unique lifestyles of New Yorkers.

16 The writer mentions refugees in line 39 to emphasise

the amount of luggage his parents travel with.

B the extent to which his parents' visit inconveniences his life.
C the lack of space in his apartment for visitors.
o the feelings he has towards his parents when they visit.
17 In the fifth paragraph, the writer criticises houseguests for the fact that
A they have no respect for the way New Yorkers live.
B they have many misconceptions about New York.

they lack the desire to experience the real New York.

o they are not interested in meeting real New Yorkers.
18 In the sixth paragraph, the writer describes a good houseguest as being one who is
A honest.
B unconventional.
C easy-going.

unobtrusive.

19 In the final paragraph, the wriler concludes that

A New Yorkers should refuse all houseguests.
the novelty of being a houseguest in New York soon wears off.
New Yorkers should limit houseguests 10 a three-day visit.
houseguests quickty outstay their welcome in New York.

95

PART 4
You are going to read a newspaper article about four women and their different careers. For

questions 20-34, choose from the sections (A-D) . The sections may be chosen more than

once.
Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order.

Which woman/women
says people in her field should be willing to look at their work
with a critical eye?
has come to be considered a specialist in her field?
wants to plan how to ~ad range of people to consider
an issue to be importan .

believes in the importance of the public's perception of

people like her?

1221

A. The Barrister

1231

A 1

B. The TV Director

----------------------------------------------------------------------- C. The Marketing

describes how she feels when she sees the results of her
work?

Director
D. The Scientist

desires a future project to cause people to experience

conflicting emotions?

6~w
I

~-~---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rk

---

on omething new at what seemed to be a risky time?

I 26 I c I

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

talks about her satisfaction with the point she is at in her career?
mentions currently feeling overwhelmed by the importance of
her job?

1281

1311

A 1

1321

D 1

mentions the way people react to her when they meet her?
believes that some different concerns are more similar than
people might think?
has devoted a lot of time to bringing two different groups of
people closer together?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mentions issues that have made people more uncertain

about the reliability of others?
was headhunted for a position?

96

1331

D 1

Test 5

CAREERS TODAY
Women today are making their mark on the
working world. Libby Brooks introduces four
women on their way to the top.

A: Barrister: Shami Chakrabarti

Shami Chakrabarti readily admits that her new position as
="::'==~. the country's foremost human rights

am,
'The more per'sor,,1
But I think i
adds
i
Chakrabarti was called to the bar in 1994, after studying
law at the London School of Economics. She says that she
has always been fascinated by politics, and that she sees
the law as a political matter, not a rigid set of rules to apply.
"I'm most passionate about the relationship between the
individual and the state,
i
individual with wider community interests and realising
that the two are not in as stark opposition as is often
suggested." Top of her "to do" list is making the
organisation more proactive. "Uberty has always had to
react, and we've got such a high profile because we're one
of the few organisations that is prepared to do so.
I

B: TV Director: Minkie Spiro

Minkie Spiro got a first-class degree from Central St Martins
College of Art, worked as a photographer for four years, then
got a masters in film directing from the Royal College of Art. She
has made award-winning documentaries such as Lock Up Your
Daughters and received a Bafta nomination for directing Holby
City, which she finds "hilarious," She has just finished directing
the drama No Angels for Channel 4.
Minkie starts filming this week on a big budget drama for BBCl
called Hustle. Her ultimate dream is to make a feature film -

i
i
i
suddenly everything comes together: il
is aOOut: a
team putting their heads together to create a piece of art. What
I love most is the moment when you turn words into pictures.
I get a script, 1 have a vision, and when it's translated into a

CAREERS TODAY
C: Marketing Director:
Chrys Philalithes
The daughter of a classical pianist and fashion

entrepreneur, Philalithes had a successful career as new

manager at top advertising agency WCRS

as the dotcom bubble burst and many Internet

businesses were failing, was recently valued at more than

[lOOm and now employs more than 200 staff. In her
three years working at the company, Philalithes has
"-'\. garnered a reputation as a marketing and new media
~ speaking at prestigious conferences around the
world. She is also a keen flamenco dancer.
Having recently launched Espotting in 10 European
Q-fl countries, Philalithes maintains she is very happy where
"""\ she is just now, thank you very much. Launching her own
company in the future is not out of the question,
however. "1 was the only woman in the Espotting
management team for two-and-half years and it didn't
bother me. I don't see being a woman as a benefit or a
hindrance. I'm a firm believer that what matters is
whether someone has good ideas.

en

D: Scientist: Kathy Sykes

~sykes

has spent her professional life trying to

bridge the gap between the scientific community
and the general public. She started out as a
physicist, completing a PhD in biodegradable
plastics, but was drawn increasingly to question
how scientists can best interact with their local
community. In addition to her work at Bristol
University, she also presents the BBC's Rough
Science, now into its third series.
Sykes has another year of tenure at Bristol, then
says that she'll be "looking for some boats to rock".
Her current priority is trying to influence the way
that the government uses science and scientists.
"I'm paSSionate about sharing information with the
public.
a crucial time
mechanisms for involving them
decisions we're makingI:. ~~~""=~~~~~~

PAPER 2. .- WRITING
,
- ,- .
~

Test 5
PART 1

(1 hour 30 minutes)

Vou must answer this question. Write your answer in 180-220 words in an appropriate style.

1 You are a student at an international college. Your course includes an optional period
of work experience in the UK, from which you have just returned. The editor of the
English language newspaper at the college has sent you an email asking if you could
write an article about your experience, describing what you particularly enjoyed about
it, any problems you had and why you would encourage other students to participate
in the programme.
Read the extracts from the emails from the editor and from the owners of the business
where you did your work experience as well as the original college advertisement on
which you have made notes. Then using the information carefully, write the article as
requested by the editor.

we are hOping that you will write an article about your work
~perience in the UK (or the college newspaper. ~'~ ~rite about

the positive ana the negative aspects~ while lceepll19 111 mll1a ~at ~e
would like to encourage more students to participate 111 thIS
programme.

... Iw.,j~ to h<-ae feom 'JOv. W~ 'Iwa~ <t'i0~ h,vi~ w~,~ vi~ifl>~ fl> h~/r
witJ, 1h<- daffodil ricki~

Yove ~i~h i~ _~ good ,."" we ncrliud how mv,""

moe~ <enfidurl- ~ov W<W~ .~ 1h<- .... of 1h<- tne~ ~. Picki~ f/~
van ~ diffivv/t wo'*' ,."" 'JOv got on witn it <-hu-Yfvll~ ~rit..1h<- ~'"~-ti'"es
'rr'/Ii~ Bem~h weath1

Less than I
thought!

All homegrown food

VelY comfortable

./

~ Wod< Experience in the-U-K-7-~,.i.

Free board and lodging and a small weekly payment
in return for helping out on a farm five days a week.

Not much to
do, but...

Weekends free to explore the local area.

-----:::--:--~.'"
You will only have to pay your travel costs.

Expensive

For more information call 0208 659 7789.

Now write your article. You should use your own words as far as possible.

99

PART 2
Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answers in 220-260 words
in an appropriate style.
2

Your college magazine needs new contributors - item writers and photographers. Write

an article, explaining the aims of the magazine and inviting new people, whether
experienced or inexperienced, to join the team. You also need to briefly outline the
duties involved and explain that training will be given where necessary.

Write your article.

3 An international travel guide has asked its readers to send in a review of two or three
different modes of transport in their countries, commenting on:

reliability

comfort

price

The review should also recommend a mode of transport which would suit tourists wishing
to travel in your country.

Write your review.

4

You are on a summer English language course. The principal of the school has asked
you to write an Information sheet about the school, which will be given out at an
international student conference. In the information sheet, you should include:

brief introductory details about the school e.g. history, location, size
a description of the courses & facilities on offer
an outline of the main benefits to students of studying at the school

You should also include any other information that you consider to be relevant.
Write your Information sheet.
5 Answer one of the following two questions based on one of the books you have read.
(a) Imagine that a television series has been made ofthe book you read . Write a review
of the first episode briefly outlining the plot and saying whether or not you would
recommend it to other viewers and why.
(b) A literary magazine has a monthly column. It has asked for essays from readers with
the title 'This book will still be important in 100 years' time.' Write an essay briefly
outlining the plot of the book you read and saying why you believe it will still be
important in 100 years' time.

100

Test 5
PART 1

(1 hour)

For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or 0) best fits
each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example:

C runs

@filters

o A drains

o strains

IL..:0:. . LI_....:B=--_J..21===.:0:===.J1

LISTEN TO SEE
For some time scientists have known that the brain (0) .... .......... !.~ff.~!.~.......... ..... out non-essential data in order to
(1) ...

Vt12 ...f1t.1........ :/

(2) .... ~.f.r...l.jJI ......

informat ion from a ~ stimuli. Now new evidence is ar ;arin g from research
at the University of ~ia, San Diego, that (3) .... /U ,~.I4 .... ;?............. to a more

r. '. . .

intimate connecti/~ between the senses of hearing and sight than was formerly thought. It seems that what people see
is (4) .. .... .If r(..~ .....

influenced by what they hear, the research suggesting that an object is seen more clearly

Pfe~~a sound. In a(n) (5) ...t." . IN.rI.~ .H:fJ ... reROrt1 in the science journal 'Nature', thirty-three
(6) ... ...~;!JJ~t~ .. ,.. ,were asked to indict te when a (7)
light appeared immediately after
'h,y had h",d a wund. Th, ligh' and wund w,~ 'j{H...... l .... , ;,h"on 'h, sam,o' on Mf",n' s;d"

when

:/ja.;. li . . . . . . . . .

of them, and the light was more (9) .. A.

t .~ .f4... r~ ...( . . identified when it came from the same side as the sound.

Hearing a sudden sound, therefore, appears to

r capacity to perceive visual stimuli located in the same

place. During the test, the subjects' brain (10) .. r.:~ .bt.,n.. ~

......... to the light and sound were recorded too, to

discover whether focusing on the sound affects the vist al r::j f.the....bra in. Although still in its (11) ... tA~ ...... .

stages, the San Diego research may be able to (12) ...... ~ . .. ........~ light onjental illness, brain di

rders and

attention span problems.

process

2 A taken up
3 A indicates

greatly

5 A research

B manufacture

C develop

carried out
B shows

C handed over
@ points

B extremely
B survey

C mostly

experiment

6 A constituents

C conscripts
C dull

7 A weak

8
9
10
11
12

A
A
A
A
A

performed
rightly

B displayed

accurately

pulses

B replies

premature

B first

bring

@ Shed

0 manage
0 looked up
0 leads
0 abundantly
0 investigation
@ plunteers
o low

presented

o shown

C genuinely

o really

C waves

early

C toss

IftT

@ responses

0 developing
D pour

101

PART 2

eif 4 0r questions 13-27, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use
(J

only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example:

IL0-,-I_M_O_RE_",-,I===.;0,-,=",,-,1

As a gardener, I can', think of a (0) .m.Qr~. cheering

sight than (13) ............. Jh~t. ............ of the winter~wering

cheny. Atthis lime of year the pale pink

. ~ opening into C1u~ (14) ................ Qf... ............. .
cream flowers make you realise that Spring is not
(15) .............. .J~t.

.............. away.

A tree, much (16) .............m~.~

. . . ,. . . .

a sculpture.

provides (fOCal
in the gard~n. Ye~, unlike a
stone sculpture it . will change with the seasons.
Planted alone, in the centre . of a lawn or
(17) ................~L ............ the end of a path, a tree will
always draw (18) ............m~
eye. It adds to the
character of a garden (19) ........... )~y. ............. giving

po']i!)

............

an unstructured look.
If you plan to make a feature out of a tree, select

(20) .............. 9.~~............... with potential. Spring and

Autumn are the times when trees have the
(21) ............... !!!.~.~~................ to offer. The pink and

white~~ of
(22) ....................

the ornamental ~ppPe

brighten up a garden in

H. ................

Spring, while the golden foliage of the maple wanns

up the landscape in winter. The choices are endless, and
(23) .........~n.~.~~
are just a (24) ........ ..f.f!.YY. ......... .

.....

examples. However, in my opinion, (25) ......... !19.......... .

.winter garden should be (26)

..'~!.~tJ.Q~......

witch ha:ze.J. It is a slow grower but can flower

(27) .................~L

.............. just a metre high and the

fragrance is unbelievable.

102

Test 5
PART 3
For questions 28-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some
of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap In the same line. There is an example at the
beginning (0).
Example:

1o ILOCATIONSI =0= I

&luBar
There are many (0) .. J9.~~t~~p.n~ ..... where

LOCATE

luxury goes hand in hand with the exotic;

one such resort is Dubai which is fast becoming

one of the top holiday destinations in the world
and (28) ...+!n.q~t.~~~.'1.r!.~.~.'Y so. A city with

.. ".... minutes

UNDERSTAND

ancient markets (29) ....... P.~r~fy

BARE

away fro@JaO) ......... ~~~.~y.$.f~ ......... .

EXCLUDE

boutiques packed with designer goods at

(31) ...~.ft9r.q.~Pl~

AFFORD

obvious sense of style and o(n) (32) J!'J.r!.9.~~~~,!(~

INNOVATE

.... prices, Dubai has on

vision that makes it a must for any

(33) .... f}J!.v.~n~Mr.9.Y.$. .... traveller. The Bur] AI

ADVENTURE

Arab Hotel, situated on a man-made islet, soars

like a (34) .....~!.~~~.~!.1J.9

.... sail above perfect

BILLOW

white sands. This opulent hotel Is an example of

luxury at its most simple. From Its marbled foyer
to the (35) ...... .~.t1~~~~~

....... design of the top-

ART

floor rest~LJI4 nt, It mirrors the style of Dubai. For

a city s~ .. , ~o.~~.IJ~m~.g,y

... enjoying its

ASHAMED

oil and trading wealth, there's a layer of

(37)

. J~~.o.q.l:'.f'my .. and quality that guards

agal~ntati~

103

PART 4
For questions 38-42 think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three
sentences. Here is an example (0).

o She commented that it was about ....... Pm~ ........ she started helping more around
the house.
People's eating habits have drastically changed over ...... J!m~ ........

We took ...... J!m.~ ........ to stop and admire the view on our journey.

Exam ple:

TIME

=0=1

38 The club ........~~.~.t. ...... the best team in the league and won the cup .
........~~.~L ..... the eggs for a couple of minutes and then add them to the
mixture.
My heart skipped a ....... k~~! ........ when the dog started barking.

39 Teenagers often think that they know ........~~.~.~ ........ .

I did my ........~~.~.~ ........ , but unfortunately I still failed the exam.
When friendships break up, it can sometimes be for the ...... J~~.~.L ......

40 He ... J!r.t?pp~f1. .... a hint that he wanted an MP3 player for his birthday.
My dad ... J!.~!?P'P'~.g .... me off at the station on his way home.
Profits ... J~r.9.PP'~r.!. .... last year by 10%, so the management cut some jobs.

4 1 The film was so sad that it ..... mq'!(~.g ...... me to tears.

We ..... m~..l!.g...... out of London three years ago to escape tt(~

Sarah ......~g.I(~.{:f...... the glass away from the edge of the table.

42 The noise ...... )~~P..t ...... David awake all night.

I ........~~p.t ....... in touch with Andrew for several years after he went to work
abroad.
I called out to Sarah but she ........~~pL ...... walking and didn't look back.

104

PARTS
For questions 4350 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
o He always gives the impression that he's very confident.
ACROSS
He always .................................................................................. very confident.

Example,

I I
0

COMES ACROSS AS BEING

I=

43 The police believe that the two crimes are linked.

CONNECTION
The police believe that JI]~.~~}~ .~..'?~n'1~.C?~~~.'.l. . p.~~~.~~.. the two crimes.

~wwant video players these days.

DEMAND
There is ................ .J!.t!.~~ ..t!~.f!.1.~ry.g. f.9L ................. video players these days.

Men outnumber women by two to one in high level positions.

MANY

There are ........ ~!~.~ . ~.~

(9

..~~.rJ.y.. p~n .~~ ........ women~n-;)

Charles and Wanda had a disagreement about where to go on holiday.

OPINION

-;-.,

Charles and Wanda had .. ...~~ff.~t~.'.f.~~..~!. .~P..~I)!.C?I) .......... about where

to go on holiday.

0) couldn't find my watch anywhere.

NOWHERE
My watch .............................. ~~.~. n9.~~~.~~. J~..~~............................... found.
48 You don't appear to have any milk left.
RUN

You appear ...............................~~..~~.~~J~t:!. ~~~..t?~ ............................

@

.. milk.

he little boy didn't pay any attention to his mother.

NOTICE
The little boy .........................~~.~~..~~..'.f.~.~~~e of

................... his mother.

50 Do you mind if I close the window?

OBJECT

Do you .......... ............~~i.~~~ .~~

..'!!.~f~.r. .~!~.~~':!f!. ...................... the window?

105

PART 1

(Approximately 40 minutes)

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or Cl
which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

EXTRACT 1

You hear two people talking about a writer's new book.

1 According to the woman, how is the writer's new book different from his first one?
A The focus wasn't entirely the same.
B , It has not been so well received by readers.
C The writing style was less descriptive.

2 The two speakers agree that the new book

A contains too much dialogue.
B has a slower-paced plot.

e should be adapted into a film.

EXTRACT 2
You hear part of an interview with a successful jewellery designer called Jenny Vickers.

3 How does Jenny feel about the release of her new collection?
A eager to move onto the next project
B irritated by all the promotional work involved
C apprehensive about the risk she is taking

4 What did Jenny think about jewellery designing before she got involved in it?
A She didn't see herself as being well suited to it.
B She considered it to be suitable for a hobby but not a career.
C She imagined the business was too competitive to be successful in.

106

Test 5

..J

EXTRACT 3
You hear part of an interview with a successful businessman Rabert Peters.

5 When Robert first started running his own business, he was

A grateful for the advice of his family.
8 initially overconfident about his ability.

15 I B

C determined not to ask for help.

6 Aobert attributes the success of his company to

A the employees he has had supporting him.
B the clever sales strategy he came up with.

C the fact that he started it at the right time.

107

PART 2
You'll hear a scuba diving instructor called Dave Black talking about his work. For questions
7-14, complete the sentences.

Most of Black's clients are

beginners

Black will not allow a client to take any of his courses

unless they are sufficiently

fit

IS I.

The first thing Black informs his student of are the

19

risks

Iassociated with scuba diving.

Black always makes sure that he provides his students with

L _ _ _k_n_
o_w_le_d...:g::.e_ _--11_10-'1 to solve any technical difficulties they may have

with their equipment.

Black says that some of his clients who are aiming to improve existing skills would
like to be

instructors

111 I.

Students begin their course in a LI____c_la_s_s_'_o_o_m___LI1_2...J1 .

Black says that he must see that a student is in control during the

Iswimming pool sessionsl13 Ibefore he will let them advance with the course.
Black says that most students' main motivation for doing the course is to get

a certificate
108

1141 from it.

---

Test 5

PART 3
You will hear a radio interview in which a tree sculptor talks about his work. For questions
15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or 0 ) which fits best according to what you hear.

15 What does Danny find most fulfilling about his work?

A creating sculptures that people want to buy
B creating sculptures that surprise people

@ creating sculptures that people enjoy

o creating sculptures that are unique
16 According to Danny, what is an important consideration when beginning
a sculpture?
A how best to protect it as a living organism

how long it may take for it to develop

C where it will be on display in the end.

o how it will look when the tree is fulty-grown

17 What does Danny believe about art galleries?
A They lack understanding of tree sculpture as an art form.
e They are too interested in making a profit.

They are not the right place for tree sculptures.

o They can help him to find the right settings for his work.
18 What initially inspired Danny to become a tree sculptor?

a chance observation
B another tree sculptor's work
C a desire to protect nature
o a desire to be different
19 According to Danny, why is dense woodland unsuitable as a setting for
a tree sculpture?
A These areas are often inaccessible to the public.
B The tree needs room to be able to develop.

The tree would be easily hidden by others.

o The trees in these areas are often too old.

20 How would Oanny like peoples' attitudes to change?

He would like them to value nature more highly.

B He would like them to become more environmentally responsible.
C He would like them to become more optimistic about the future.
o

He would like arbor sculpture to be taken more seriously.

109

Test 5
PART 4

You will hear five short extracts in which various people are talking about reading.
While you listen you must complete both tasks.

TASK ONE
For questions 21-25, choose from the list (A-H) the type of reading material each
speaker is referring to.
A fantasy novels

B magazines

Speaker 1

Speaker 2

D 22

D classic novels

Speaker 3

23

E short stories

Speaker 4

24

F comics

Speaker 5

25

scientific journals

21

G cookery books
H biographies

TASK TWO
For questions 26-30, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker is saying.

A I appreciate reading many different genres.

B Reading has many benefits.

Speaker 1

26 1

Speaker 2

271

Speaker 3

28 1

Speaker 4

29 1

Speaker 5

30 1

I disagree with a commonly held view.

D I believe in reading this genre in a certain way.

E I don't like reading without a purpose.

F My reading tastes have changed over the years.

G Reading is a means of escapism for me.
H

110

I read in a way that suits my lifestyle.

Test 6

PART 1

(1 hour 15 minutes)

You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with household
chores. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text.

IN OUR

HOME

In a robotics lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology eMIT), the

of a

robot grabs a box and holds it out to a roboticist as he cleans up the lab. We may
consider it mindless work, but Aaron Edsinger says it takes intelligence for this robot
named Domo to lend a helping hand with household chores. "Our big goal is to have
the robot adapt to the world instead of having the world adapt to the robot," he says.
This is key, he says, because robots without artificial intelligence can currently

perform very complex tasks, like assembling an automobile; but they must be
taught beforehand exactly what to do. "A lot of the reaUy advanced robotics that
you see particularly coming out of Japan right now, these robots are very pre-

saipted," says Edsinger. ''The actions they're going to take are sort of figured out
beforehand. You hit play, and it sort of does the same thing over and over
again."

Edsinger has been getting Doma to work in domestic settings, exposing

the robot to objects it hasn't seen before. "Adaptivity is going to be critical as
soon as we want robots to come out of the car factory and into our homes, into
our daily lives, because we can't r ram it with eve hin it needs to know" 2
says Edsinger. For example, he says, household robots must be able to

distinguish the countless objects within our home. "A car factory can be very
well understood and predicted ahead of time. Your kitchen and all your dishes
in the kitchen sink are much harder for a robot to understand," he says.

1 The aim of the roboticists at the MIT is to develop robots which

can perform tasks without being shown how first.
B are programmed to perform a large variety of tasks.
C can perform more and more complicated tasks.
o remove the need for humans to do household chores.

2 Aaron Edsinger compares a car factory and a kitchen in order to demonstrate

A how a household robot will deal with its environment.
B in which room a household robot will face its greatest challenge.
what main limitation a household robot will have.
o why a household robot needs a particular skill.

111

-,

PART 1

hlerre sweet .terre

We are all too used to the way mother kept the house.
We remember the days on which she did the !aun ~ry, the
specific cupboard the clean sheets were kept in, t e way
the evening meal was planned and executed well before
father returned home. She seemed to do it all so calmly

and so efficiently without any of the blood, sweat

and,

tears that goes along with present day attempts to tidy the

domestic domain. It seemed that in the old days an

Englishman's home was indeed his castle - with an

attendant that protected the walls from the world outside.

Surety with both husband and wife nowadays sharing
the housework the job is ba1wad? In reality we rarely have

the time even to wash the plates after dinner let alone
tackle the week's washing that is piling up perilously in
the baby's room. The mass of appliances that seem to be
constantly switched on barely _ _ the ever-increasing
number of chores that must be done.
Part of the blame lies in the role of appliances. We tend
to believe they will liberate us to lead more fulfilling and
productive lives. This doesn't happen. We fill time we 4
would otherwise have spent handwashing our clothes
~ In front of the television, brains fixed firmly on
stand-by as we are brainwashed into believing we need
that new fridge .

f!J

...
3 The writer mentions a castle in the first paragraph to emphasise
A that running a household required more effort in the past.
how well mothers ran a household in the past.
e how men and womens' roles in the home have changed.
o how important running a household was considered in the past.

4 In the writer's opinion, many chores are left undone these days because
A we don't have enough appliances to do them all.
B appliances are not as efficient as we think.
our lifestyles have become much busier.
@ we do not use our time constructively.

112

'-

Test 6

Chore Wars, a game created by noted game developer Jane McConigal, gives
users "experience" points for various household chores. Collecting those points
then lets you advance your profile in the online game. ~~ the floor twice a
week and get 20 points for charm, that sort of thing. You can also play for virtual
gold doubtoo~ These can be exchanged for rewards, inside your own circle of
friends. Earn 200 doubloons and you can receive a get-out of-cleaning-the garage
card. Or if you are the low scorer for a month, you can be dwbbeQ ,a scapegoat
put up for adoption.
I
Who cares if some guy
in Texas slew 200 yards of PVC pipe in putting together his new SfJ1 iiikh!t system
and got 1,000 doubloons. Still, you can get a sense of the value that other people
put on certain tasks to get a sense of the value of your own. There are different
roles you can play - apprentice, dUi lgm'n master (DMs have full administrative
power) and adventurer.
The idea behind all of this is to make real life more appealing. Virtual worlds are
actually more appealing than reality to a growing segment of the population. The
~ ~~!.21!..!~~!2..!!.!l!~~1!!!!!!L!t~~~~~~'!'::'~ . 'Some people care
more about their avatars than their real lives," McGonigal said.

5 The writer says that players of the game Chore Wars generally
A try to work their way up to becoming a dungeon master.
B focus on exchanging rewards and roles with their friends.
C keep a close eye on other players' scores.
@ develop a strategy based on how their friends are playing.
6 According to the writer, some people prefer their virtual world to their real life
because
they feel life is more straightforward there.
B they feel life is more meaningful there .
C they feel they have more freedom there.
D they feel they can achieve more there.

113

PART 2
You are going to read a newspaper article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the
paragraphs AG the one which fits each gap (7.12). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

On the chilli trail

Killian Foxjourneys to a place where Assam's wise
men - and elephants - fear to tread:
the home of the hottest chilli in the world

When you mention Assam, most people think of tea.

Those on more familiar terms with the state - on the
"Seven Sisters" ~ Ia that jutS"" out from the
northeast corner of India - will think of its beautiful
national parks, aburidant wildlife and the vast
Brahmaputra river.

c
I went to Assam ~ to unwind and ~ r the
tranquil delights of the region, but the bhut jolokia (or
ghost chilli) wasn't far from my mind when I booked
the trip. Ever since I was tricked into eating a tiny
specimen in a Malawian food market, aged 17, I've
been perversely fascinated by the powerful pepper.

18 I

As I looked down from my room, I could see fireflies

dancing on the riverbank below and soon we were
sitting down to a simple Assamese meal. It was
delicious, but not spicy enough for my tastes. I asked
if they had any bhut jolokia. Our host laughed at me.
"No," she said. ''I'm afraid not." "Do you eat bhut
jolokia?" Bertie, my travelling companion, asked.
More laughter. Our host explained that most
Assamese will put no more than a couple of drops of
chilli-infused oil in a big pot of curry. That is as close
to eating the ghost chilli as she is prepared to get.

B
The park also has tigers and leopards and a huge
variety of bird life, but I was more interested in the
ghost chillies we discovered growing at a nearby
Mishing tribal village. They were not yet ~ - green
flesh with ominous traces of red - but it was our first
sighting and even Bertie, who would "under no
circumstance" be sampling the bhut jolokia, was
getting excited.

114

A
Our journey to Guwahati, Assam's largest city, took
us four days. In the mornings, we'd disembark. We
spent a few hours in a village called SualkuchL tracing
the silk-making process from worm to loom. At
Guwahati's Kamakhya temple, we got a dark thrill
from witnessing goats being sacrificed to -'8ti, the
wife of Lord Shiva. Our chilli hunt was less successful:
we scoured every market for bhut jolokia, but to no
avail. In the evenings we gathered in the sakN);o for a
drink with the captain, who offered me a tip for
surviving the bhut jolokia experience: "Eat lots of
sugar cubes."

E
The next day we reached Jorhat and set out for a
district where we had heard there was a chance of
finding some ripe specimens. We came upon a whole
field of bhut jolokia. As I held the monstrous, 9 ~d
fruit in my hand, my chilli quest began to seem like a
bad idea. But it was too late for second thoughts, so I
took a big bite, crunched the seeds between my teeth
and swallowed.

D
The worst of it was over within 20 minutes, but for
the next few hours I wondered if my mouth and head
would ever feel the same. The only consolation was
that Bertie finally SWWMbed to temptation and took
a bite. Assam, easy-going and hospitable, is a gentle
introduction to the delights of India. As for the ghost
chilli - the scourge. of elephants, the bane of the
unwary traveler - I think once is probably enough.

A Our next move was to hunt chilli down river and in the
afternoon we boarded a handsome passenger ship
that looked like a 1'etIt from the Raj. It usually
accommodates 24 passengers, but as this was the final
journey of the season, we were the only guests.
B Our conversation was interrupted by a ~g
sound from the far bank. Kaziranga National Park,
just across the river from the lodge, is home to twothirds of the world's great one-horned rhinos, and
three of them had come to say hello. We could only
make out the indistinct grey of their ~, but early
next morning, from the back of an elephant, we saw
lots more of them - an awesome sight.
C Assam is indeed a charming place, as serene as it is
lush and green, but it also harbours something so
fearsome, so fiendishly powerful, that even the
elephants fl ee from it in terror. There is nothing at all
serene about the bhut jolokia, the hottest chilli on
earth. 200 times hotter than Tabasco sauce, when you
bite into a bhut jolokia, there is no pain at first, only
a smoky flavour with an intense apple-like sweetness.
Then, after about 20 seconds, your mouth explodes. I
know this because I was foolish enough to try one.

E From there we drove north, staying overnight at the

eco camp adjoining Nameri National park. Here we
learnt that ghost chillies, when burnt in b~ of
dried grass, scare elephants away from crops. If the
mere smell of bhut jolokia sends the pacbyderms
packing, what chance did I have?
F The bhut jolokia registers an incredible 1,041,427 on
the Scoville Heat Unit scale, more than double the
score of the previous world record-holder (the red
savina habanero). You'd think the locals would avoid
it like the plague, but it has been used for many
generations as a cure for any number of stomach
aches, pains and illnesses.
G My introduction to Assam could not have been more
relaxing. The first night, after a rre~t ic stopover in
Calcutta, was spent at Diphlu River Lodge, a
collection of comfortable thatched cottages standing
high on bamboo stilts overlooking a slow-moving
fTiblbtmy>of the Brahmaputra.

D For some reason, I thought I would be able to

weather the chilli with digoity. Instead, I became a
storm of flailing limbs and strangled protests. My
hands scrabbled for the sugar cubes; I tried to douse
the agony with water, which was a terrible idea
because water only spreads the heat. It wasn't helping
that Bertie, who had been filming me, was qujYering
with laughter.

115

PART 3
You are going to read a newspaper article. For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think
fits best according to the text.

Band of the Year - The Ting Tings

At the far end of the l-shaped dressing room at the Mronef
venue in UIIe, Katie White's crimping tongs won't reach more
than 3ft from the plug. Which means that. where we're sitting,

we can hear the ling Tings' singer but we can't see her. None of
which prevents her from bellowing at the Ting Tings' male half.
Jules De Martino. -Tell him about Michael Paliol- she shouts.
So he does. Six months ago, having just released their
maiden chart-topper That's Not My Name, White and De
Martino performed the SOl19 on Later . .. Signing in beforehand
in the BBC re<eption area, De Martino noticed that also waiting
to be collected was Palin. his hero. -I ran up to him and just
shouted, 'Micnael1' At which point he grabbed his bag, thinking
3 we were his chaperones. It was only when I started gabbling on
about travel r rammes that the nn dro
. ~He had to
think of something to say. so he goes, 'Well. keep on watchin'
16 'em they get better.' ~ What comes through here is the polite
17 if frantic backpedalling of a cornered celebrity. But De Martino's
having none of that. -N01 It was greaW he insists. ~He was
really charming!Which pretty much tells you not only something about what
sort of a year the ling TIngs are having - the simultaneous No
, single and album in the UK, the increasing Stateside ubiquity
and let's not forget the iPod ad - but also the air of amused
are
the ~deluxe version of their debut
, out this week, contains DVD content
and
rerecordings, but no new material. Perhaps they're
saving that for the tricky second album?
Finally peering out into view, White explains, We haven't
any songs for a second album. I mean, when we've been
checking, one of us might come up with something
but we've not been recording any of it. If truth be told,
Ith",'re not sure that's wise. But then, the ling lings are a band
a pathological aversion to programming. Th~ have
the possibility of not making a second album right now, White thinks that she. and De Martino
for a~oject. -That's when
at your most creative, she says. -When you have to work
i what you've got.lhe two have more reason than most to believe in
serendipi~.Two years ago they had all but given up on making
music together after their old band Dear Eskiimo were dropped
by Mercury before they even got around to making an album.

1
"6

On hearing the news, De Martino, 34, gave up playing music and

installed himself in the Islington Mill - a studio-cumarts
c9fDplex in Manchester - with a view tOfocUsing his talents on
production. While at the Mill, he subsidised his overheads by
hosting parties. Here White, 24, picked up De Martino's beloved
1978 electric guitar and bawled the first thing that came to
mind, while De Martino swapped his guitar for drums.
Increasingly, people started coming just to hear the noise that
she and De Martino made. Initially the name they gave to their
club nights, ling ~s also became their calling card.
Sometimes-your perception of events is influenced by the
point at which you enter the story. I spent the first few months
of the ling lings' success harbouring a nagging suspicion about
their motives. The impassive older male at the back; the surly
blonde frontwoman a relentless ticker tape surge of attitude.
The lransvision Vamp throwback in the video to That's Not My
Name was barely recognisable as Dear Eskiimo, whom I had seen
propping up the bill in a Camden pub. You saw usr White
exclaims. You're the first journalist we've met who ever saw
Dear Eskiimo. What did you think7" I tell her that she w
nothin like the wa she is now' that she stood 5tit aemurel
singing pop tunes that. while pleasant. lacked convl
raison d~tre. "It was pretty awful," White concurs. "Our
manager brought an agent to check us out. And he said that she
had her fingers in her ears the whole time."
While others were hailing the genius of That's Not My Name,
I couldn't help wondering if it amounted to one last craven liS
attempt at stardom. The irony is, of (ourse, that they had already?
done that. This time, they were just being themselves - and
that's why it worked. Indeed, it was only when White joined the
artistic community at the Mill that her inhibitions fell away.
Visiting bands such as Ariel Pink and the Gossip dearly made
their mark on the ideas that became That's Not My Name and
Fruit Machine. As De Martino puts it, -She used to be in the lake
That fan club. Fundamentally her sensibilities are pop, but she
embraced other ideas - whereas j've travelled in the other
direction."
The only exception to the band's no-planning rule, it seems,
is the families they are keen to see after a year of touring. The 9
concern De Martino's rents felt this time last ear at his lad: of
a proper job has now turned to incredulity that his schedule
keeps him from seeing them at all. Three weeks off at Christmas
will help. Until then, however, the novelty doesn't seem dose to
wearing off.

Test 6 . '

13 The writer uses the phrase J><>lite if frantic back-pedalling' in lines 16-17 to describe

A De Martino's reaction when a celebrity didn't recognise him.

B how De Martino dealt with an embarrassing situation.

the way De Martino's hero reacted to a case of ~taken identity.

o a celebrity's reaction to De Martino's excitement about meeting him.
14 What does the writer suggest about the band's recent success in the third
paragraph?
A They are not sure how to deal with it.
B They have not changed their plans because of it.

C They have a humble attitude towards it.

@ They had not planned for it.

15 Which of the following best describes the Ting Tings' attitude towards the future
of the band?

They are.!eeping their options open.

e They are not interested in attaining more success.
C They want to take the band in another direction.
D They are excited about the possibilities.
16 What point does the writer make about the way the ling ling's became known?
A It was mainly due to a change in strategy.
B Their determination to succeed was the key.

It was more. by chance than by design.

~

D The new name of the band was an important factor.

17 What did the writer notice had changed about White from the first time he saw her
perform?
A her appearance

~~tage presence
C her confidence
D her professionalism
18 The writer suggests that the song That's Not My Name was a success because
A the band threw all their energy into making it so.
B the band followed advice from other bands.
C the band members allowed each other to be themselves.

@ the ban~ had stopped trying so hard to make it so.

19 What does the writer imply about De Martino's parents?
A They haven't yet understood just how popular his band has become.

They are ~rprised by the speed at which his band has attained success.
C They are upset about the fact that he doesn't have much time to visit them.
D They are only now persuaded that his efforts have been worth it.

117

PART 4
You are going to read an article containing reviews of films about focusing on the
environment. For questions 2()"34, choose from the reviews (A-F). The reviews may be
chosen more than once.

About which of the films Is the following stated?

120

A combination of factors make it essential viewing.

IB

It uses up-ta-date technology to present a possible scenario.

It intensifies discussion of a subject about which people have
different views.

--_ .. _-------- ._-----_.. - ._------------- "-----------------------------It intentionally sets out to get a reaction from the audience.
It boldly highlights the connection between environmental
damage and a crucial search.
Part of it explores a personal journey of discovery.

I 25 1 B I
126 1 0 1
127 1 0 1

--------- ._--------_. ----------------------------------------------------Intellectual discussion fails to make up for a lack of originality.

It was made after producers became aware of a demand for
such films.
A character in it seems to be someone who people don't
warm to easily.
It explores people's reasons for doing something in an
understated, humorous and clever way.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------It is supposed to make people think about the hardships some

others experience.

-------_._---------------------

------- --------

118

--------.----------------

People found fault with the way something was dealt with in it.
It contains traditional elements of a genre.

1301

Test 6

8eth Platt reviews some films with a 'green' conscience.

The Day after Tomorrow

~ There's

nothing Hollywood likes better than a good oldfashioned disaster movie - tragedy and spectacle being what
the cinema does best. Here the repercussions of

environmental exploitation and attendant global warming

result in a huge ice storm that plunges the world into a new ice
f1) age. This hugely entertaining film takes the big what-if and,
"'\ with state-of-the-art CGI, puts it all up there on the big screen.
Forget the humans struggling to survive and revel in nature's
revenge. A huge hit when it came Qut, it soon attracted a lot of criticism for its treatment of the facts, but then again, this is not a
documentary - it's a big budget Hollywood movie that delivers on all its promises.

"&j)

An Inconvenient Truth

Any consideration of eco films has to mention this groundbreaking documentary. Bringing the plight of the planet to
the big screen and fueling (in an environmentally friendly
way!) the global warming debate, AI Gore is at his
charismatic best as he takes us from his early days, through
his political and environmental awakening 10 his current
position as the foremost green spokesman we have. But
this is not really about AI. At every step of the way, he

hammers home the terrifying reality of a world under threat

with a series of slides and graphs. Less a movie than a
Ifc) lecture, you might think that it would be dull and dry, but the
1"'"\ strength of his arguments allied with a sincere and heartfelt
presentation make this a landmark documentary that
should not be missed.

Local Hero

Years ahead of its lime, this was considered a light, if

entertaining comedy at the time of its release. The simple
tale of an oil executive's attempts to buy a small Scottish
village and replace it with a refinery has become something G3
of a cult classic over the years. Its longevity, is down 10 a ~
number of factors: the excellence bf'ffle script; the precision
of the casting; the warmth of the performances and the ~
prescience of the film's themes. It's a witty yet sublle~
meditation on the motivatiens of both the corporate
incomers wanting 10 bUY, and the locals willing to sell. The
magic of the setting is as inspiring as its message of
sustainable development and this little gem of a film is one
that you'll return to again and again.

119

The 11th Hour

67J With

the success of Gore's Inconvenient Truth, film

",,",studioS realised that there was an audience for thoughtprovoking films and this is one of the most recent of a
rash of reality film-making to address the planet in peril
scenario. However, for all the celebrity value of having
Leonardo DiCaprio act as narrator this is something of a
letdown. The problems of overpopulation, pollution and
imminent environmental catastrophe are effectively foregrounded as they need 10 be in a film of this ilk, yet
somehow it doesn't all gel. It's a great shame because
the film-makers have gone to a lot of trouble to assemble
many of the world's greatest thinkers and commentators,
~ yet depth of knowledge cannot compensate for a dearth
'"\. of fresh ideas in a documentary that you could just as
well see on TV every night.

34l Sigourney

Gorillas in the Mist

Weaver excels in her portrait of the naturalist

~Dian Fossey in this stunninglv shot biopic. The film works

best when it charts Fossey's relationship with the gorillas

she works so hard to save. The film is less successful,
however, in its depiction of the human relationships. This is
perhaps not the fault of the director and more the defects of
Qffi Fossey herself; for all her noble intentions she comes
~ across as a difficult person to like and her singlemindedness tends at times to slip over into unhealthy
obsession. Filmed on location on the mountains of
~ Rwanda, the film is a timely reminder of the struggles fa~
by those prepared to sacrifice themselves for something
they believe in.

Medicine Man

There are few thin s more im orIant than findin a cure for
cancer and this film bravely allies that guest with the
destruction of the Amazonian rainforest. Lorraine Bracco is
the biochemist sent 10 pull the plug on Sean Cannery's
research deep in the heart of the South American jungle.
The film highlighlS the tragedy of deforestation in that high
up on the trees hides the long-sought after cure, but the
trees are being cut down for a new road. If the central
romance between the two leads fails to convince, the film
has more success in getting its message across about
unthinking development and its ultimate consequences, not .:
just at the local, but also at the global level. The final ima
of the forest in flames are deliberately provocative and
rightly so. If only a small proportion of the audience is
inspired 10 do something, then the film will most certainly
have triumphed .

..
120

Test 6
PART 1

(1 hour 30 minutes)

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 180-220 words in an appropriate style.

1 The international college you attend recently started a sports club, which 150 students
have joined. The club has its own indoor gym but it does not have any outdoor sports
facilities.
The Club Secretary has asked you to write a report on two sports centres in the area
that are willing to make their facilities available to club members. Read the note from the
Club Secretary below and the notes about the centres which he has given to you. Then,
using the information appropriately, write your report comparing the two centres,
recommending one of them and explaining the reasons for your choice.

",dESESC " h .. h' ............. ~l. . __

This is who! club members have said

they ore interested in doing:
Swimming
Diving
Footboll
Cricket
Athletics

57
18
43
20

39

The nearest sports centres ore The

Olympia and The Arena. both of which
ore on bus routes

fr~~..~~..~~~~.

n n U __ ____

uS'"I

Arena Sports Centre

Athletics: Six-lone, full competition, 400
metre synthetic trock and pitches for
field events

Grass Pitch: There is a gross

pitch In the centre of the
athletics track.
outdoor Swimming pool:
25-metre pool (covered
and heated In winter)

Changing Facilities: A large

changing biock provides
necessary facijities for users
of the outdoor areas.

OLYMPIA
SPORTS CENTRE
Swimming pool - Olympic size (50
metre, 6 lanes)
Diving pool 20m x 20m x 4.9m deep
(2 springboards & 4 platforms)
Underwater viewing gallery

Floodlit Astroturf available for a

variety of sports - can be subdivided
into three separate pitches.
Cricket nets for indoor or outdoor use
Spacious changing facilities with
hot/cold showers
Sauna available (charged extra)

Write your report. You should use your own words as much as possible.

121

PART 2
Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 220-260 words
in an appropriate style.

2 You have seen the following announcement of a contest in an international news

magazine and you have decided to enter.

Journalism Contest
We are offering our readers the chance to win 1,000
and to see their work in print.
All you have to do is write an interesting article expressing your views on a
recent current affairs issue. You wiiJ need to briefly explain the issue as well as
support your opinions.
We will choose the best entry and two runners-up and publish them in our
January issue.
Deadline for entries is 23rd December.
News Weekly Magazine, IPM House, Fleet Street, London.

Write your competition entry.

3 You are a member of a committee organising a charity event in your community. The
committee has asked you to write an article about the event for the local newspaper in
order to persuade people to participate. Write your article explaining what the event is and
what charity (or charities) will benefit, when and where it will be held, what activities will be
included, how people can participate and why you believe they should.
Write your article.
4 You would like to start a new club or extra-curricular activity at the summer school where
you are studying English. You have decided to send a proposal to the principal of the
school asking for permission and support. Include the following:
a brief description of the club/activity you want to start
reasons why you want to start it
what support you would need from the school
Write your proposal.
5 Answer one of the following two q uestions based on one of the books you have read.
(a) Your teacher has asked you to write an essay saying which character in the book
you (ead you find most interesting. You should describe this character and say why
you think he or she is the most interesting character in the story.
(b) A local bookshop has invited readers to send in a review of a book to be posted on
their new website. You decide to write a review of the book you read briefly outlining
the plot and saying whether or not you recommend it to other readers and why.

122

(1 hour)

PART 1

For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, S, C or D) best fits each
gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

o A intended
Example:

B imagined

@supposed

D said

LI0,--,--1__c=---_-'-
=~=-o'_'~'=-.JI

00 you remember when technology

was (0) ....~.~pp.~~.~~,. to bring

about big changes in the wornplace,

improve the working ~Vironment and increase leisure time? Well, you'll also recall that it failed to bring about
such desired (1) ..(l ...
for most of us at least. In fact, many of these technolo ical advancements
fed to various health 2) .. J.)1.~......... , like eyestrain and back problems. And th -extra isure time all the
experts promised us never became a reality.
Luckily, there does appear to be some good news. Some employers f av. become enlightened enough to

cmJ. ...,

ri3f) ..f1.l..11..y:rJ.f.?<t.t,at happy, relaxed employees are more (4) ..... r4. ..L't/fH./ and friendly thary those
~ are bu~t-out and undervalued. Therefore, many businesses are a empting to (5) .. U.JJf.r(l.~.U heir
work environments in a way that promotes a positive/ ,calm work place. The principles of u/e ancient Chinese
art of 'Feng Shui' are being applied

t~..llf.kJ ......... harmonious environments in many workplaces.

For instance, as a calming (7)

aquarium of fish can be placed in any '9orkspa.C) ~rt?
chunks of amethyst can be placed next to workers' computers to help neutralise (8) .. tq.ao~jM-I'

../.f:1/'f1JJ.r.!.. Yhn

radiation and relieve stress.

Next, the furniture and office fixtures in the workspace affect the people who work in it. When employees are
comfortable p~~are provided with quality equipment, they feel better and take greater pride in their work. It
is (9) ... U.L..tJM........... for people to feel as though they are an integral and valued part of the company.
To sum up, when ~o~are treated as individuals and not merely as dispensable Qieces of equipment. they
are more (10) ... .Gti.~
to give their best. (11)
employees incentives in the shape of

............

bonuses, regular pay i

&fIt.t:.ll1./. ...

reases, holidays, etc. are all

e~lIent wa{ s to (12) ... i.!.1.('..l...1!'.Uproductivity. So

go on, give it a try and see how your work environment can become more positive and energised!

reforms
2 issues
1

3 A connect
4 A rapid
5

upgrade

6 A cause
7 A eftecl

8 A destructive
9 A urgent
10 A surely
11

Offering

12 A multiply

B
B
B
B
B
B

alterations

C variations

corrections

aspects

C factors

disputes

relate

C associate

hasty

efficient

advance

C boost

bring

C put

influence
harmful
B compulsory

@ likely
B Providing

increase

recognise

D immediate
D increase

create

C result

D impact

C hurtful

D wounding

vital

D basic

C happily

D readily

C Serving

D Presenting

C advance

D enlarge

123

co rn p( a C( VI CA.(
OVle i fJ -e~ U
A');
PART 2
For questions 13-27, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. USt
only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example:

I0 I

LlTILE

Volcanoes threaten the lives of SOO million people, but scientists still know so (0) .. !!.~!.~
about them. If we consider (13) ........... J~~.L .......... mankind first recorded a volcanic
eruption in a wall painting dating (14) ............P.~~.~ ............ more than 9,000 years, we
still treat them (15) ............ :~~~l~./.J. ............. extraordinary complacency. While
(16) .............. .!.L ............. is true that scientists now understand how many- of the
different types worK, they (17) ............. ~.~!!!.............. don't understand all the factors that
ultimately lead (18) ............. J9. ............... the eruption itself. Despite technological
advances, they can't even predict, closer than to within a few hours or days, when a
volcano is going to erupt, and nor (19) ............. ~.~~.............. they forecast its behaviour.
(20) ............ ~.~.~ ............ if we could isolate all the forces that could conceivably
trigger an eruption, we would still have difficulty in understanding the signals
.-r->
in
(21) .................................. advance.
A volcano's history of eruptions, the pattern ~~qUakeS, ground
deformation and the esca e of vanous oxide gases are
(22) .............. !~.u.
i cativ of future eruptive activity, but are not
always easy to read early (2 ......... ~n9.y!J!J. ......... for appropriate steps
to be taken.
VOlcan~logists calculate that they have a one (24) ............... ~~................
ten chance of accurately predicting an eruption. This highlights need
for moving people (25) .......... J~~~ ............ the Yicinity of active
volcanoes but this is dismissed by residents who live near
volcanoes and officials (26) ............~.~~~~............. It is
suspected that no such steps will be taken
(27) ............ ~~m
an eruption kills at least a
million.

..............

.............

Test 6 ,;.l
PART 3
For questions 28-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some
of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the
beginning (0).

I0 I

Example:

EMPLOYER

Q1' Off 1'0 A QOO!) S1'All1'

You managed to survive the interview and got the job. You are thrilled,

too. Now it's your first day in the new job and you are
desperate to impress your new (0) ............ ~!"p.'"re.r. ........... ; so how
can you (28) .............. ~.~~.~~~, ............. that everything runs smooth~
but a little anxious,

EMPLOY

SURE

Well, keep your eyes and ears open - that way you11 soon piCfliilof)

C~ (29) ..........~~~~~~ behaviour

learning

through

doesn t

mistakes

and
anything

do

~
for

ACCEPT

your

(30) ......... ,~~~t~~",~~ ......... !

CONFIDENT

Being a shy person surrounded by an office full of extroverts may reduce

your (31) ........~rt.~~~!~!!~~~~

EFFECT

hand, (32) .............~~f.~~.~~ ............. isn't always a bad thing. Shy

SHY

people are often good (33) .......... ..!.(~,~.n~~

LISTEN

........ in the work place. On the other

.............

and this is a

much ~~ted aualitY.

Also,

be friendly.

A smile can

make you

seem

less

(34) .... ".~"p.p.r."".~f1.~I>./e.

...... And ~you attend a meeting, by

APPROACH

to show that you are paying (35) ........... ~.~.~~.~~~~............. .

ATTEND

Finally,

don't

forget

that

people

who

give

the

(36) ........ }'Ep.r.~!}.~(~.'1.......... of being oonftdent are just as

likely as the rest of us to feel (37) .......... .!.'J.~~.f?,~~~ .......... .

IMPRESS
SECURE

at times.

"
I

125

PART 4
For questions 38-42 think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three
sentences. Here is an example (0).

o She commented that it was about ...... Jtm.~

........ she started helping more around

the house.
People's eating habits have drastically changed over ...... Jfm.~........

We took ...... J!m.~ ........ to stop and admire the view on our journey.

--'-I_=
__o_=_-'I

Example, L_O---'--_ _ _
T_IM_E_ _

38 As soon as it started to get dark, Sandra ....... ~~~.~ ....... the curtains.

....... money out of the bank in order to pay for her new furniture.
The policeman ....... .t!.~~.l!'!. ....... my attention to the 'No Parking' sign.
She .. ......~r.~~

entered

+ ({,OX

hl ~' ,Y}

39 It never ........................ my mind that Angela might be too busy to go ut.

The singer ..... ~!.'.~~.~~.'!. .... the auditorium to the audience's loud applause.
I've .....~r!.~~r.~~..... competitions before but I've never won anything.

40 Bill ..... P~~~.~.~ ..... the pile of books to Mr. Green.

We ..... P..~~~~.'!.

.....

through the village of Harbingdon on our way home

yesterday.
Jim ..... P..~~~.~.'!

.. .. a remark about how much weight Fiona had lost when

saw him last week.

41 There was very little ......'?~~.~~~..... that Tim would get into university after he
did so badly in his exams.

chance to travel the world.

Many peop Ie never get t he ........................
I saw Tony by ......'?~f!.'J.~~..... while I was walking the dog this afternoon.

42 Tim disagreed with the ....... P~!.'?L

..... Mr Jones made at the meeting.

There's no ...... p.g.~nt ..... in going to the cinema now; the film will have already
started.

point ..
Sarah an d J ane d rove home t hroug h town so t hat Sarah cou Id ......................
out her father's new shop.

126

For questions 43-50 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
o He always gives the impression that he's very confident.
ACROSS
He always .................................................................................. very confident.

Example:

I I
0

COMES ACROSS AS BEING

I~

@ She said she'd never seen a better exhibition than that.

FAR
by far the best
h h d ever seen.
I Itlon was ......................................
sea
Sh e sal'd th at th e exh'b"

44 The professor told Tim he had written an excellent essay.

COMPLlMENTED
The professor . q.~rr!P.Um.~m~#.. nm.Jm. .h~.v.~l]g. written an excellent essay.

45 They think that my brother broke the window.

SUSPECTED
My brother .....~~ . ~.'!.~p.~.C?~~.~. ~t~:!t~.C!.~~f}.g/~.t!.~~r:'.9..':~r.'?~~.r:'. ..... the window.

46 He was so pleased, he bought us all dinner after we finished work.

TREATED
He was so pleased, ....~~J~~.~~~.~ . ~.~ .~!U'? ... dinner after we finished work.

Global temperatures are higher now than ever before.

SO
Never before .............. ~.~~~ ..9.~~.'?~r .~~f}'!p~r.i!~.'!.~~.~.. ~~.~f}..~'?

... ......... high.

~hO left first yesterday?

LEAVE
Who ............................. ~~~..~~~.. ~~r.~~J~.!.f!.~~~

............................ yesterday?

49 I had to wait for half an hour before the dentist arrived.

KEPT
The dentist ......... ~~P~..tp~. )r.~mlJ.gJ~r.

......... half an hour before he arrived.

50 The doctor said that she was perfectly healthy.

WRONG
The doctor said that there ...~~.~J~.':?~~~~!~~yV:~~?~I]!.'.l.9 ..~~~.r:'.9..~~~~... her.

127

PART 1

(Approximately 40 minutes)

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C)
which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

EXTRACT 1

You hear part of an interview with a man who is about to open a restaurant.

1 What happened after the man first decided to open a restaurant?

A He encountered a problem that he hadn't been expecting.

He started to have second thoughts about his decision.

lA

12

C His family and friends tried to talk him out of it.

2 What does the man say regarding the recruitment of his head chef?
A He would offer a higher salary to the right person.

His main concern is employing someone he can work well with.

C He is willing to take his time to find the fight person.

EXTRACT 2

You hear two people talking about a novelist called Mark Stein.
3 What is the man's opinion about Stein's second novel?
A It will only appeal to those who liked his first novel.

S It is not up to the standard of the first novel.

It will not appeal to a wide readership.

4 What do the speakers agree about?

A the superficial characterisation
B the fast speed at which the novel was written

128

the lack of originality in the themes

EXTRACT 3
You hear an interview with a music critic.

5 Brian did not continue as a recording artist because

A he had a disagreement with his fellow band members.
B he was no longer making enough money.

Is c

C the style of music he played lost its popularity.

6 Why was Brian displeased when he was first asked to write for a music magazine?
A His manager suggested him for the position without asking
him first.

Is c

S He saw it as confirmation that he had failed as a musician.

C He thought his ability was being called into question.

129

PART 2
You will hear a wildlife photographer called Leanna Marson talking about her work. For
questions 7-14, complete the sentences.

Wildlife
Photographer
Leanna describes the emotion she experiences when she
takes a good wildlife photograph as

magical

She feels that photography is not simply about

I(the) technical elements la I.

leanna says her work involves predicting an animal's

movements

19 I.

leanna considers it a(n) LI_ _ _--'P_'_iv_i_'e_g:..e____IL'_0...J1 to be able to take pictures of wildlife.

She says that she needed to be

On a recent trip, Leanna was away for

Leanna finds

on one particular occasion.

7/seven months

L _ _ _-'-p_a_
c_k_in..:g=--__J.I_'3--'1 the worst part of going on a trip.

She feels that travelling has become

'30

_Iv_e_IY_1_t_,_u_st_in_g, -_...11_'...J1

LI_ _ _

,-_ _s_e_c_o_n_d_n_a_t_u_,e
_ _L
I1_4...J1 to her.

Test 6

PART 3
You will hear part of a radio interview in which a French food writer and actress, Nicole
Lambert, is talking about her career. For questions 15-20, choose the correct answer (A, B,
C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

15 Why did Nicole include recipes in her autobiography?

She understood the limitations of writing about food.

B She was keen to promote regional cuisine.
C She wanted to communicate her passion for food.
D She hoped that it would help sell the book.

16 What led to NicoJe writing about food in a newspaper?

A She could not find any work as an actress.
B It was a good way to supplement her low income.

She hoped the publicity would help her acting career.

@ A colleague recommended her for the job.

17 How did Nicole feel after she took the role in the play 'Ph8dre'?
A worried about her financial situation
B regretful that she hadn't taken another role instead
C hopeful that it would kick-start her career

@ uncertain about the decision she had made

18 According to Nicole, why do some people eat at expensive restaurants?
A They haven't discovered cooking for themselves.
B They believe the food is better quality.

They believe it's fashionable.

D They are deceived by external appearances.
19 What is Nicole's attitude towards her native region of Normandy?
A She feels that she doesn't know it well enough.
B She doesn't want to give a wrong impression of it in her books.
C She feels it is underrated by visitors.

She feels that she owes her success to it.

20 Why did Nicole want to be involved in a documentary about Normandy?
A She felt by doing so she would be helping her own family.
B It would give her another opportunity to revisit her childhood.

She considers herself part of the problem it addresses.

D She feels she has a unique viewpoint on the problem.

131

Test 6
PART 4
You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about their pets.
>

While you listen you must complete both tasks.

TASK ONE
For questions 21-25, choose from the list (A-H) the main reason the speaker gives for
choosing their pet.

A the result of unforeseen circumstances

B the chance to learn a new skill
C the personal qualities that can be developed by

owning it

Speaker 1
Speaker 2

the pleasure it would give to a member/members

Speaker 3

of their family

Speaker 4

E the potential benefits it would bring to their health

Speaker 5

F the incentive to exercise

l e 121
I E 122
I A 123
I G 124
I D125

G the prospect of entering competitions

H the recommendation of a friend

TASK TWO

>

For questions 26-30, choose from the list (A-H) how each speaker feels now.

A grateful for the companionship their pet provides

B surprised at how much they like their pet

Speaker 1

D 1 26

Speaker 2

F 127

Speaker 3

A 1 28

Speaker 4

G 129

Speaker 5

B 1 30

C reluctant to get another pet

0

anxious over the cost of keeping their pet

E annoyed by their pet's behaviour

F keen for oth,ers to experience what they have

G disappointed with their pet

H concerned about their pet

132

5 Hostilities between the two warring nations

ceased over the festive perlod/tlme.
6 There wasn't a trace/track of blood on the
murder weapon.
7 She apologised to her boss for last week's mix up/
mels-up over his travel arrangements.
8 We spent the entire holiday indoors as the rain
was unrelenting/unforgiving .
9 The lagged/spiked rocks pierced the wooden
hull of the boat.
10 The old woman stumbled/hobbled down the road
with the aid of a stick.

1. Collocations and Vocabulary

Study the following sentences and underline the
correct alternative.
A

1 There are several good quality hotels in the

proxlmlty/VIclnlty of the railway station.
2 He's trying to project an Image/Impression of
being wealthy.
3 The locals claim the volcano is passive/
dormant.
4 MOon't speak to me in that shade/tone of voice!"
5 The increase in oil prices caused a decline/
recession in Europe.
6 The explosion generated/trlggered an avalanche.
7 He's a versallle/Varled actor, capable of a range
of roles.
8 The
lead
ballerina
gave
a(n)
enthralling/capturing performance as Odette.
9 Many people become depressed in the winter
when the nights widen/ lengthen.
10 If you wanted to pass the exam, you should have
read/ studied harder.

B 1 A lot of companies are levelling down/downsizIng

their workforce these days.
2 The passengers mounted/boarded the plane by
the rear exit.
3 The lead/chief actor has a very commanding
presence on stage.
4 Her dazzling beauty blew/took his breath away.
5 The herb is said to have healing properties/
effects.
6 Mary believes the sport should be acknowledged!
admtttad at an intemationallevel.
7 Her endless excuses are wearing thin/slim.
B The salesman gave me a spiel/slang about the
benefits of having a private pension.
9 Beds are at a premier/ premium in already
overcrowded hospitals.
10 Leading a balanced/proportional life is a key to
reducing stress.

C 1 Software companies must be strong enough to

survive in today's market share/place.
2 The dofendant exuded/emitted an air of
confidence throughout the trial.
3 Margot doesn't dress fashionably but she has
her own nl./feellng of style.
4 The heir to the throne may not marry a citizen/
commontr

1 There wasn't much evidence/proof against the

accused.
2 The town councillor plays a(n) prominent!
outstanding role in local govemment.
3 His flat is sparsely/sparingly furnished and the
walls and floors are bare.
4 When she was a child she was often Insulted/
teased about being overweight.
5 The government is afraid the weapons might
drop/fall into enemy hands.
6 The manager saw/took a dim view of his
repeated absences from work.
7 She has to give personal/private lessons to
increase her meagre salary.
8 If he doesn't slow down, he'll burn/fire himself
out!
9 Years of experience in the field had sharpened/
honed his skills to perfection.
10 One of the disadvantages of working abroad is
that you may lose touch/connection with family
and friends.

1 John reaJly enjoyed his day at the wildlife pari<; it

far exceeded/overtook his expectations.
2 Let's forget our personal differences and focus/
centre on the task in hand.
3 The human cost of the earthquake and its
aftermath/after-effects may never be known.
4 Digital cameras and televisions are all the rage/
trend at the moment.
5 I was just within hearing/earshot of their
conversation and overhead everything that was
said.
6 The bonus payable was an added motive/
Incentive for the workers to increase production.
7 Polar bears are greatly under rlsk/!h!!!! from
global warming.
8 Tim said he and Sue split up because they had
nothing In common/alike any more.

133

9 Pesticides and industrial waste are entering the

food chain/string by way of factories.
10 The sales manager is .9M!!9fholdlng a presentation
in the auditorium.

F 1 The government needs to tackle/strike the

problem of youth unemploym~
2 Since he lost his job he just sits at home all day
wringing/twiddling his thumbs.
3 Andy is meeting/facing the biggest challenge of
his life.
4 Americans taking their pets to psychologists
have set a trend/fashlon that is unlikely to be
followed by pet owners in the UK.
5 The article reflects/ mirrors the author's strong
views on green issues.
6 Sue came from an ordinary, working class
background/ backdrop.
7 Her refusal provoked a range/spread of emotions
in him.
8 The artist's music was heavily atfected/lnfluenced
by jazz.
9 The bazaar featured a stall selling homemade/
handmade snacks.
10 They erected a statue in memory of the late/
departed prime minister.
-

G 1 The new wireless infrared computer saves space/

place in the office.
2 Clive is in work/at work at the moment, but I'll
take a message for him.
3 This Ming vase is unique and absolutely worthless!
priceless.
4 Herb Bernstein's latest film presents/features
several new, talented actors.
5 No admission/Inclusion to unauthorised
personnel.
6 The teacher was very Impressed/lnsplred with
the behaviour of her class at the museum.
7 When cooking, it helps to have the right utensils/
tools.
8 Sitting in front of the TV all day is a(n) profitless/
unprofitable pastime.
9 You should have known better than to trust such
a shadowy/shady character.
10 The new computer game was in such high
demand/request that it sold out at five shops in
a single day.

134

11 Complete the sentences with the correct

answer a, b, c, or d.
A 1 A person who sits in front of the TV all day is
sometimes called a .. P. .. potato.
a) hot
cl sweet
b) couch
d) jacket
2 It was an exciting election campaign, with the
two main candidates ..9. ...
a) level headed
cl level pegging
b) levelling off
d) level-crossing
3 The defendant was a ..fL petty thief.
a) self-assured
c) self-controlled
b) self-consumed
d) self-confessed
4 At the end of the letter she put a ..~ ..
a) post-mortem
c) postmark
b) post box
d) postscript
5 When in polite company, you must ..~...
a) hold your tongue
b) keep the peace
c) mind your p's and q's
d) mind your own business
6 A ..~... at the beginning of a word will change its
meaning.
a) preface
cl prefix
b) prefab
d) prefect
7 Adam gets an adrenaline ..~.. from doing
extreme sports.
a) buzz
cl hit
b) feeling
d) ring
8 Owners may leave their belongings in the left
luggage office .. il ..
a) at their own risk
clan their own initiative
b) off their own bat
d) in their own interest
9 Can you help me think of a good title for my
essay? Two ..~... are better than one!
a) minds
cl heads
d) opinions
b) ideas
10 Helen ..tt. at Frances angrily when she heard
her speaking badly about Simon.
al glimpsed
c) glanced
b) glared
d) gazed

B 1 Both parties must agree to abide by the c . of

the agreement.
a) rules
c) terms
b) regulations
d) qualifications
2 You've got your sweater on .. 9. ...
-( a) upside down
c) back to front
b) back to back
d) the wrong way up
3 The parcel containing glassware was marked .P....
a) 'frail'
c) 'fragile'
b) 'delicate'
d) 'febrile'

4 I need to call a technician; I can't . ,~ .. to the

Internet.
a) connect
c) link
b) join
d) attach
5 All .. ff .. for this position will be interviewed by the
manager.
a) representatives
c) contestants
b) entrants
d) candidates
6 The museum is free of ..~ .. on Sundays.
a) cost
c) expense
b) entrance
d) charge
7 That new TV series had viewers ..!=: .. to their
screens.
a) screwed
c) riveted
b) fixed
d) nailed
8 Anna was so embarrassed about her mistake
that she couldn't make eye ..~ .. with her boss.
a) contact
c) connection
b) communication
d) association
9 Smoking can .. !=: .. to many serious diseases.
a) result
c) lead
b) connect
d) follow
10 Jason has incredible energy - he is always ..P. .. .
a) on the mend
c) on the tiles
b) on the go
d) on the make

C 1 Sarah's mum doesn't ..~ .. of her new boyfriend .

a) favour
c) commend
b) approve
d) support
Citizens over 65 are ...ct to a half price bus pass.
a) obliged
c) pennitted
b) licensed
d) entitled
A company car is just one of the 3~.. of the job.
a) prizes
cl enjoyments
b) profits
d) perks
The sales manager was ...... after he lost the
company thousands of pounds.
a) dismissed
c) discounted
b) disengaged
d) disaffected
Stores are now selling goods at .. ~.. prices.
a) bottomless
cl rock bottom
b) bottom line
d) the bottom of
Once we get to Rio, the rest of the journey
should be JL
a) calm waters
c) easy riding
b) plain sailing
d) travelling light
Jake winked and gave them a ..~ .. look.
a) worthwhile
c) telling
b) comprehending
d) knowing
Earthquake-proof buildings are meant to ..~.. all
but the strongest quakes.
a) avoid
c) oppose
b) withstand
d) support

9 The actor insisted that the reporter keep his

remarks .. !=: ..
a) off the cuff
c) off the record
b) off the deep end
d) off the beaten track
10 Newton's theory on gravity came to him .Jt.
when an apple fell on his head .
a) out of the blue
c) by the way
b) on the off-chance d) in the near future

1 Electricity is cheaper at ..~ .. hours.

a) off-season
c) off-hand
b) off-duty
d) off-peak
2 Ben Afleck's new film has received JL reviews.
a) wild
c) vigorous
b) rave
d) keen
3 Alex was at a .. ~ .. for words when Sam accused
him of stealing from him.
a) loss
cl lack
b) failure
d) need
4 The filmstar's marriage was a .. q.. secret for a
number of years.
a) well-read
c) well-known
b) well-meant
d) well-kept
5 I can't tell you a what the population of
Jamaica is, but if you wait a minute I'll look it up.
a) off-hand
cl off-chance
b) off-beat
d) off-balance
6 It took us two hours to cross the .. ~.. between
the two countries.
al line
c) limit
b) border
d) boundary
7 Sarah fell over so many times while skiing that
she was .. ~ .. by the end of the holiday.
a) black and blue
c) in bits and pieces
b) head over heals
d) burnt out
8 So you don't like the play, but when you are
given complimentary tickets to the theatre you
shouldn't ..f"- .
a) look a gifthorse in the mouth
b) look for a needle in a haystack
cl cry for the moon
d) take the rough with the smooth
9 Rag finally ..!=: .. his redundancy and stopped
feeling so depressed about it.
a) made the best of
cl came to terms with
b) gave up on
d) got the hang of
10 The student grant was not enough to ..~ ...
a) make ends meet
c) meet his match
b) make or break
d) hang by a thread

135

7 They rounded off/up the meal with coffee.

8 Jane was surprised at/from Paul's rude
behaviour.
9 He was acting out/on the advice of his
accountant when he took the case to court.
10 The surgeons are operating on/ln the patient now.

2. Useful Expressions/Accepted Phrases

Underline the correct alternative in the following
sentences.
1 Sacrificing your free time and working hard are ~
and parcellthe be all and end all of being a
successful business owner.
2 ou know, I'm really not in the mood for/frame of
mind for an argument right now.
3 The letter for Mr Smith was opened at 'auMn error.
4 The dangerous criminal was known to be still In the
running/on the run.
5 It was later discovered that the minister was hand
over fist/hand In glove with the conspirators.
6 This portrait of my grandfather doesn't really do him
justice/serve him right.
7 Can you move your van? It's in the way/on the way.
8 People who are In the act/In the know say that the
president will resign.
9 What a wonderful couplel They get on like cat and
dog/a house on fire.
10 It was htt and miss/touch and go as to whether the
competitor would be disqualified.
.
11 What a lovely day! Spring is in the air/on the air.
12 According to the big bang/big deal theory, the
universe was the result of a huge explosion.
13 We're going to have to tell them the truth sooner or
later/by and large.
14 They say he's got pneumonia, sort of/or something
like that.
15 He apologised for his behaviour and that was the
end of it/that'lI be the day.

3. Word and Preposition Combinations

Study the sentences below and underline the
correct alternative.
A 1 Everyone congratulated Rebecca In/on her
success In the exam.
2 Shall I apply to/for the post advertised, then?
3 The Bakers loaded the car ~/out with luggage
and set out for the seaside.
4 Contestants are requested to abide to/~ the
rules; the judges' decision is final.
S Bigways Stores do not charge for/wlth home
delivery of groceries.
6 We will have to speed ~/away if we want to
finish the project on time.

136

1 Exhausted, Geoff fell into an armchair and dozed

out/off.
2 Some new curtains in bright colours would liven
~/in the room.
3 I'll sound out/down my father to see how he
feels about the scheme.
4 Sometimes we all need a person to lean against/

on.
S A few unscrupulous traders profited from/for the
financial crisis.
6 The moon blocked up/out the sun for several
minutes during the eclipse.
7 You were unwise to confide on/In her, as she is
such a dreadful gossip.
8 It is the herd instinct which makes people
conform to/Wtth a group identity.
9 Many people have home alarms installed to
safeguard them towards/against burglary.
10 I'm going to audition at!for the lead role. Wish
me luck!

C 1 Oerek didn't partiCipate in/at the discussion, but

just sat watching.
2 The deputy chairman presided at/over the
meeting.
3 The young prince succeeded to/at the throne on
the death of the king.
4 The sentry remained In/ at his post throughout
the night.
5 Sheila disposes from/of her old clothes by
giving them to charities.
6 Ronald deals With/In antiques and fine art for a
living.
7 The man in the black Stetson hat dealt out/up
the cards.
8 Heather didn't feel at/by ease at the party; in
fact, she felt very uncomfortable.
9 The personnel officer narrowed off/down the
"
candidates on the short list to three.
10 Not all patients respond to/for this alternative
therapy.

Paper 3 Use of English

,.
11

Fill the gaps with the correct prepositions.

A 1 I was heartened .. )~y. ..... the fact that I wasn't

alone in finding the test difficult.
2 The advertising campaign had a major impact

.... g!L .. the sales of the product.

3 Oh, let's not squabble .C!x~r/~.1:!!J.1!J which film to

watch; I really don't mind what we see.
4 There ought to be safeguards ~g!!!.'J.~.~ computer
hackers.
h
5 Journalists bombarded the politician .. x~.l.L ..
questions about the latest scandal.
6 She's determined ... JP. ..... win the trophy.
7 The government ought to take steps to put an
end ... ..t.9. ..... football hooliganism.
8 The band's style reminds me .... 9.L ... the
Beatles.
9 Combatants wear camouflage to blend in
...~.i.~fJ. ... their surroundings.
for . cap1'taI
10 He is a strong advocate ............
punishment.

C 1 I wish you wouldn't contradict me ... )1J.. .....

publici
2 The public are in opposition ... J~..... privatising
the postal service.
3 When he explained where he'd been, it all fell
... {m~L . place.
.--,
4 He decided to opt ... l~r... .. the smaller lV as it
was cheaper.
5 I'm wary .....'?L .. people who don't look me in
the eye when they're talking to me.
6 Tom sits around watching lV all day; ... JQ. .....
other words, he's very lazy.

...

Passengers are asked to smoke only ... JtJ......

designated areas.
.
8 The unattractive building was at odds ...~!m its
idyllic surroundings.
9 Sarah was finding it difficult to cope ... ~~~~ ... her
increasing work load .
10 Showbusiness is so competitive that those who
don't have drive and ambition just fall .... I1Y.....
the wayside.
7

....

4. Phrasal Verbs
Study the sentences and underline the correct
alternative.

A t
2
3
4

B 1 We should replace him if he's not .... YR ... to the

job.
2 She doesn't like delegating ... J9...... her
colleagues.
3 I'd hate the life of a travelling salesman; you're
always .... .CJ.')..... the move.
4 You can always talk to me about your problems;
h
don't suffer .....~~ ..... silence.
5 She's a loyal friend. She's stuck by me ~~r.~.~9 ..
thick and thin.
6 Please keep an eye .... g.'!. .... the children while I
go into the bank.
7 Oil prices are spiralling ....CJYL . of control.
8 If you want to make a good impression ... Jm.....
the interviewer, maintain eye contact.
9 My suggestion of holding a staff meeting didn't
go ..~~w.n. . well with the boss.
10 She's happy to fit in ...wW:t .. our plans for the
weekend.

S
6
7

a
9
10

Deborah wanted to pick up on/brush up on her

Spanish before the holiday.
Half the class have gone off with/gone down
with flu this week.
The children polished off/polished up all the
chocolate cake at the party.
I would never pass up/ pass over an opportunity
to work abroad.
He passed himself on/off as the minister's son.
I'd like to take you out on/up on that offer of
dinner.
Every time Sam deals with bureaucrats, he says
it's like coming into/coming up against a brick
wall.
Russell's so indisciplined that he can't hold up/
hold down a job.
You see that the total sum has been carried
forward/carried out onto the next page.
Jo always wins arguments; she never backs
away/ backs down.

1 ~elieve that while the vandals were

2
3
4

S
6
7

a
9

efacin property, people Just looked up/

loo ed on and did nothing.
OK you can have the party, but you'll have to
clear off/clean up afterwards.
The lawyer drew up/drew off a document for
them to sign.
He saw the burglar draw out/draw back a gun.
Who would have believed that Tony would walk
In on/Walk out on his family?
An observer looked in on/sat In on the entire
experiment, from beginning to end.
The latest model goes with/comes with a twoyear guarantee.
.
They were surprised when Arnold pulled off/
pulled on the multi-million business deal.
Shirley soon went off/came off the idea of a
camping holiday.

137

r 3 Use of English

,.

After 45 years of working hard, Ray just wants to

sit down/sit back and enjoy life.

C 1 The gardener cut back/cut off the plants with

secateurs make them grow.
2 Don't ay any attention to the twins; they're

always showing off/showing up.

3 Women who put out/put off having a baby until
4

5
6
7
S
9

,.

their 30's often make better mothers.

Dustin is terribly bossy, always laying up/~
down the law to everyone else.
"Slugger" Brown was knocked back/knocked
out in the final round of the match.
After a while, the side-effects of the medicine will
wear out/wear off.
I'm sure George will think out/think up some
excuse not to accept the post.
On second thoughts, let's put out/leave out that
paragraph.
You go ahead and I'll catch you out/catch you
~ in a few minutes.
Frances and Peggy just didn't hit It off/hlt It away
with each other.

5. Verb forms - Auxiliary verbs

eal
have

leave
pass

play

want

1ake

win

1 I'm tired of ...... JUltin9 ....... the same fast food every
day.
2 Paul is happy because at last he :sJ.ha:i.pa:ised..
his driving test.
3 The doctor asked the nurse ..... .t.Q..(ake........ the
patient's temperature.
4 Johnny ....... ~~~~~ ........ to be a footballer when he
grows up.
S The hit-and-run driver ........ Jf!.11 ......... the scene of
the accident before anyone could take down his
numberplate.
6 Don't tell me that the children are still ..... p!~Y..!ng ....
outside at this late hour.
7 After . wl!J!Jl(!g/.f).i!.~t'1g . '#9.1J. the race, Sam did a
victory lap.
a I would rather leave my homework until later but I
......... hil.fJ. ......... better finish it now.
9 If I'd known you were coming, I '91w.m!'9. !mJ(~ .I;ffl~~d
a cake.
10 Students ~~h.!'t~P.'~~.~ in the appropriate class
after their placement tests have been marked.

138

be (x2)
charge

know
lose

finish
sl1

take
tell

wait

1 If I ........ ~~r~......... you, I wouldn't trust him.

2 Passing exams is great. It's ....... ~~~!!?g. . . . . . . . them
that most people dislike.
3 I .......~~n~.C!. ....... for them outside the cinema for an
hour and then left.
4 Ten to one she won't have .... ..fjn.~~.IJ.f!JL ... the work
yet.
S I can't find the scissors; who ....IJ.{I:$: .f!1~~n..... them?
6 If you haven't seen the film, I .....w~mJ. .fe.U..... you
about it, so as not to spoil it for you.
7 If Dave ...t:!{tJf.!m.Q.w.'.'I.. .. about the public transport
strike, he would have taken his car.
a If only it ... J!o:'-$l We.nL .. springtime!
9 The burglar ~a:;lha~ .tHfftn..c;PfI.r.gftf! with breaking
and entering.
10 I don't know whether I ... {!J.iI.VJ~1.fg~L . my purse or
just mislaid it.
III Complete the sentences with the missing
auxiliary verb or modal verb.

Complete the sentences below using the verbs

In the box In the right form.
place
bake

11 Complete the sentences below using the verbs

in the box In the right form.

A 1 A proposal .'((!Hi/.fm.~..Q.~.f!.n. submitted to suggest

widening the road instead of constructing a new
bypass.
2 The man had a solid alibi, so he couldn't
........~~r.~ .........
committed the crime.
O
u
Oo
hIm;
he ..........
could1
mightlma
ll b ea1
t...
.... 1.... i1f. Sl JO
3 Try ringing
home.
~
4 "Don't move or I ..........wi!f... ....... shooW yelled
the police officer.
S I wish you ..... rf.~!-!!!!n~ .... slam the door like that!
6 Ci/nJ.C.gJ!!~/M~Y I borrow that new cookery book
of yours?
7 ..........WHL ...... he agree to sign the contract
now that we have altered it?
a Yes, of course I ........ J;~m.......... swim; Ileamt as
a child.
9 If only I ....... 9J!.I!.~C!. ........ be rich and famous!
10 Peter .........h.~.C!. ......... never visited the F<!.r East
before and was enjoying every minute of it.

B 1 ~.nl.C9.vlrJJ.W.~~'. you help me to move this piano?

2 If I cook the meal, ......... ~!~~ .......... you wash up?
3 Oh, there you are! I ... t!~y!'! . 1?~.~I] .... looking for
you everywhere.

,4 The aeroplane .......~~.~.':l::t ...... taken off yet because

it hasn't received clearance from the control tower.
S The teacher gave Billy a detention because he
n.~.~n l
done his homework.
6 Stan hates .......~~y.~~g ....... to work overtime as
he would rather be at home.
7 I ..... !J!~.'(.f!....... never had any intention of giving
in to their threats, no matter what they say.
8 l!9!-!.I.C!J$tm!!.. I lock the door when I leave, or
do you not want me to?
9 Geraldine !it1.Q.I!lC!JwHUm~yJmi.ghf. have her hair
cut before she goes for her interview.
10 You ..........wH!... ....... switch the TV off before you
go to bed, won't you?

.......

10

11

12

13

6. Linking words and phrases

1 The match was cancelled ... k.... bad weather.

a) on behalf of
c) by reason of
b) due to
d) as to
2 ... !;.... the position you applied for has now been
filled, we shall keep your details on file for future
reference.
a) However
c) Although
b) Despite
d) Nevertheless
3 Not only does working from home increase productivity
but it ... ~ .... cuts the cost of overheads.
a) equally
c) also
b) too
d) likewise
4 I'll be in the office all afternoon .A .... 5 o'dock, but
after that I'll be at home.
a) by
c) around
b) for
d) until
5 The prosecution tried to prove their case ...~ .... the
defendant was acquitted because of lack of
evidence.
a) but
c) after
b) and
d) so
6 Despite numerous reminders from our department,
the outstanding bill has .. JL .. not been paid.
a) yet
c) still
b) even
d) already
7 .. .!it... fire, break glass to sound the alarm.
a) In case of
c) In the situation of
b) On the occasion of
d) In event of
8 ...~ .... his latest novel not only published but also a
success, Matthew was feeling pretty pleased with
himself.
a) For
ejAs
b) With
d) Because

,..I

9 ...~ .... you submit your dissertation before the

......

Complete the sentences with the correct option

a, b, c, or d.

Paper 3 Use of English

14

15

deadline, it will be accepted.

a) As soon as
c) As far as
b) As long as
d) As welt as
Laurence will be back ... k.... you get here.
a) until
c) while
b) by the time
d) as long as
... P.... the dreadful weather, we were determined to
make the most of our visit.
a) Although
c) As far as
b) Despite
d) Nevertheless
The bus had already left, ... ~ .... Pamela had to walk
to work.
a) so
c) because
b) indeed
d) as
the old dial-up Internet system was very slow ....C? ...
broadband brings up information in seconds.
a) nevertheless
c) whereas
b) therefore
d) in spite of
It was only ... ~.... he had signed the contract that he
changed his mind.
a) later
c) after
b) then
d) since
Nobody has seen Deborah ...~ .... last night.
a) for
c) by
b) since
d) from

11 Underline the correct Item In order to complete

the sentences.

1 The party has been cancelled, but J wasn't going to

go besides/anyway.
2 Incidentally/Generally, have you given any more
thought to my proposal?
3 He's a very good worker. BesldeS/Nevertheless,
we're going to have let him go.
4 Believe It or not/Needless to say, she's twenty-five,
though she looks much younger.
S You made a few spelling errors, but furthermore/
other than that it was a perfectly good composition.
6 By and large/At the same time, it's a really good
school, but I'd rather it wasn't so exam orientated.
7 I realise it was an accident; stili/even though, it was
rather careless of her.
8 Remember I told you I might be going on a
business trip? Well/So, it's been cancelled.
9 Carla rang while you were out. She's not coming
over tonight after all/eventually.
10 You'd think she'd have replaced it. At long last/At
the end of the day, it was her fault.
11 We'll be back in a week ~/or such.

139

 .' .

Paper 3 Use of English

12 ApparentlY/Approximately, the store isn't going to

press charges against them.
13 Then, when we got there, we couldn't find our
tickets. In a word/To cut a long story short, we
missed the performance altogether.
No, I hadn't forgotten it was our anniversary.
On the whole/As a matter of fact, I thought you
had.
15 Firstly/At first, I would like to thank the committee
for inviting me here today.

,.

7. Word Formation/Prefixes and Suffixes

Add a prefix to the words In brackets in order
to form a negative word to fill In the gaps.
Make any other necessary changes.

G) Sh
2
3
4
5
6

~
8

was
Iy convicted and proved it was a
...m~sc:~rr.~~g~ .... of justice. (carriage)
My parents always ......c!}~!!pp.r.'!.~.I!... .... of my choice
of music. (approve)
Unfortunately, their road trip turned out to be
..~~.~~.c!!.f!.~!~!.~~.~. and full of problems. (adventure)
Melissa giggles all the time; she's so .... .imm~.~f.J.r.' 1
(mature)
The article on his early life in Kenya was terribly
..... .lfJ.".r;.r;.Hr~y!... .... . (accurate)
There's no use offering to buy me another one. That
vase was ... !r.~~p!~.c;.~.~.t;J.~~ ..... . (replace)
I find his habit of staring at me without blinking
rather ........I.!.fJ.r:!~!r!g....... . (nerve)
That
particular
fragrance
has
been
... !!J.~.c;.C?IJW'~~.c!. ... because it wasn't selling very
well. (continue)
Their opening hours are very ... .!!J.r;.CJ.I1.~I1!~!J.t... .
(convenient)
The clothes he was wearing were ...~I}!!PP~Pf!.i!.~~ ....
for such a warm day. (appropriate)

....

140

5 The escalating oil prices sent Europe into a

.......r:~g~~~!~m...... . (recess)
6 She demonstrated dedication and .... g~mmf~m.~(!f...
to her career. (commit)
7 The measures that were taken to prevent
hooliganism were very ....... ~!!.~S.~~.f!......... (effect)
8 ... ~9.~~~P.!:?r."J'~~... with the enemy during wartime
was punishable by death. (collaborate)
9 His .....".'.'YmpJ'9.'L. .. that they wouldn't come was
based on the fact that they hadn't replied to his
invitation. (assume)
10 The workforce showed their ......'?p.R.~~!y~.IJ. ..... to
the merger by going on strike. (oppose)
III

Add a suffix to the words in brackets in order to

form a word to fill the gaps.

1 Her biggest ...... ~~~~11~~~ ...... is that she gives up

too easily. (weak)
2 Many patients are rejecting drugs in favour of
..... J~!!.f!.m~!!!f~....... medicine. (alternate)
3 Excessive alcohol .... ~!?fJ.'.l.!.tJ:Ipf!~.~..... can seriously
damage your health. (consume)
4 I can't study unless there are no ..... #!~!r.~f?~!!?!J.~..... .
around me. (distract)
5 When teaching children, you have to adopt an
.... .!m.<!g~IJ~,,.~ ...... approach. (imagine)
6 The company has shelved plans for further
...... .li~~n.~Q.~(CJ.(L ..... (expanse)
7 I wish she was more .. J,~p..f!lJJ.f{.!!1!!L.; I can't rely on
her for anything I (depend)
8 They survived a ........ I1.'xIl911.$......... journey through
the frozen tundra of Antarctica. (peril)
9 Tom is always so charming and ..... fg.IJ~.~c!.f!.!~!.f!..... .
of other people. (conSider)
10 Sally made a special ...~[r.'-Q.g~m.I;t.Q.L to have a
private Spanish lesson with her teacher every two
weeks. (arrange)

11 Add a suffix to the verbs In brackets In order to

form a noun to fill In the gaps.

IV Add the prefix 'dls' to the words in brackets and

form words to fill In the gaps. Make any other
necessary changes.

1 You shouldn't pass .... .JY.t!gtNJJ..f!tJ.L .... without

knowing all the facts. (judge)
2 You don't want to give the interviewer the
......~IJ.lp.r!!.~.IP.r:L .. that you're desperate for the job.
(Impress)
3 The country's ....9.".ft/9Ii'm~mL has been hindered
by the fact that the government has run up huge
debts. (develop)
4 We need to find new ways of lowering the crime rate
since .... fmRrJ.'.Qnm...nL. is no longer such a
deterrent. (Imprison)

1 Dampness had ... A!~~~!.Q.I!.[~g ..... the walls and

ceiling of the old cottage. (colour)
2 When he toid her he couldn't marry her, she looked
at him in ........ gf~~.'!.f!.L ..... . (believe)
3 The captain announced that A~~f!.m~~r.~~.~~~!! ...
would commence shortly and apologised for the
delay. (embark)
4 They say he was .... .!!l.,.C;.IJ..{l.r:g.~.C!. ...... from the navy
on medical grounds. (charge)

5 The victims were paid compensation but the actual

sum has not been ....... rI#ir;IR.~.t:.(I. ....... . (close)
6 The w
orce expressed their ..... Jll.~f.Q.lJ.f~nL ....
at th m a re ay rise by going on strike. (content)
7 Most people are in favour of ... ....Qi:l~rmjf)9. ....... the
world of nuclear weapons. (arm)
8 I'm becoming rather ....q!~~O~h~.rJ.("9..... with living
in the countryside; it's so boring! (enchant)
9 Andrea felt very .....Q/:l(;QUr.a.9flq..... after failing her
driving test for the second time. (courage)
10 Perry has done a .... 9.!~~p.p..f!.i!.t:,~g..... act. We can't
find him anywhere! (appear)
V Add a prefix and a suffix to the word In brackets
to form a word to fill the gaps.

(Y It is .... }':1.i!.~M~.i!.~!~ ...... to go swimming just after

5 She's very ......mfttf).9.Q{f(~,...... in

her research and records every
finding in detail.
6 We measure .....~.(mg~p.h~r~~ .....
pressure with a barometer, not a
thermometer.
7 If you need some time on your
own, my flat is at your ... JH~p'g.~.i;J.L .
8 When Sarah was a young child
she had an ..... )ffi~g!m~ly. .......
friend.
9 Sarn's father gave him a look of
......C!.~~."p.Jm~.I(~!...... from across
the table.
10 A weU-read individual is usuaUy
..~t;I;~~{~~9.f!J.!l.P.f~... about a variety
of subjects.

METHOD

ATMOSPHERE

DISPOSE
IMAGINE

APPROVE

KNOW

you have eaten. (advice)

2 She was .... )m:f!r.f!.~.(IY. ..... to blame for the accident.

She should never have taken him there. (direct)
3 It's .... 9.!~gr.~.~.f!.{I!.L . that some managers give
themselves such huge pay rises. (grace)
4 He was sacked because of his ..... .in!.~..~iP.iJ.~ty...... .
He refused to work even the odd evening or
weekend. (flexible)
(@)The house was ....v.(lf"f1"Pi~~~~~ .... when we first
moved in, so we practically had to rebuild it.
(Inhabit)
6 His rudeness was .....v.lJ.fgrgiy.~.~l~ .....1 I'll never
speak to him again. (forgive)
7 The fact that he wasn't married could be
.q{f.'-w.'-IJ.~g.f:9.!-t~. to his political career. (advantage)
8 That story she told about being lost at sea for a
week was totally .....I.J.Ot?~!!~.I(~t?!!~...... (believe)
9 There's a very .. .J:f{~~gr."i!.t?!~..... odour coming
from the cellar. (agree)
flO) There seems to be an .... ..!rr.~g!-!!i!r.i.t:y. ...... . Let's
V check the figures again. (regular)

VI Complete the sentences with a word formed

from the word In capitals.
1 They hired him because of his
........tK.QIUtl$.f. ....... in that particular
field of archaeology.
2 "So what, in your opinion, makes a
good .......'-ffiRIRY!I.f L ..... ?3 I will no longer tolerate his bad

......b. ~~.(Q"r....... .
4 They W6fe arrested on ..... $J.(spJ.~IQIl .....
of drug trafficking.

EXPERT
EMPLOY
BEHAVE

8. Gapped Sentences
Complete the sentences with one word that can
be used appropriately In all three sentences.

1 The dentist told me the effects of the injection would

........ Wflilr. ........ off soon.
I tend to .........W!HIf.. ....... out my shoes before I buy
another pair.
What do you intend to ... .... ..Wftilf... ...... to the party
tonight?

2 The police caught the burglar in the ..........!I.~~......... .

of climbing out the window.
The psychiatrist told her to .......... i!.~L ....... out her
frustration.
The toddler was warned by its mother not to
..........~~t ......... up.
3 All the teachers ........ .1001<:.. ...... up to the headmaster.
My grandparents always ........ .Iook......... back
nostalgically on their childhood.
Bill must have done something wrong because
Alison gave him a dirty ......... IQ.o.k. ....... .
4 Annie helps everyone because she's got a
........ h.t:./ llf ........ of gOld.
The actors obviously hadn't learnt their lines by
...... }!~~~ ........ as they kept forgetting the words.
She opened her ........ h.fI.~rL ..... to him and spoke
honestly about all her troubles .

SUSPECT

141

5 The delay in taking off was ......... p.yt ........ down to

bad weather conditions.
We ......... P.:~L ....... my cousin up for a week
because he couldn't afford a hotel.
I couldn't quite ......... p.yL ....... my finger on it but I
knew something was wrong.

13 Sally ........(:.CJ.m@...... up with some great ideas for

6 We ........ ..rfU'J.......... up against several problems

when booking the tickets.
Guess who I ........ Bm.......... into the other day?
The manager ......... Xf.!!1. .... through the work we
needed to do.

14 We'd finished all the work so we decided to

..........~.~.~L ...... it a day.
If you have some free time, why don't you
..........t:;.f ll. ......... in later?
Looking at those dark clouds, I think we'll have to
......... ~~",.......... off the picnic.

7 Sam found it difficult to ........ !!~~P.. ........ up with the

runners in front.
They had to ........ lfft.flP.. ........ to the right side of the
escalator.
The students were encouraged to ........ kftfUL ..... .
track of their own progress.

Dad's birthday present.

Much to my disappointment, no volunteers
........Ir.mft ........ forward.
When his uncle died, Gary ........~.~.m~........ into a
small fortune.

15 The twins are so similar I can't ......... .!!;!.I. ......... them

apart.
She's very sensitive and if you .......... ~~W ......... her
off, she'll start to cry.
Only time will ......... J~U .......... whether the decision
was correct or not.

8 The two cars are completely different - they're

worlds ....... Jm~rt ........ .
The book fell ........ IIR.f rt ........ after she dropped it in
the water .
........ Apart ....... from the problem with your ankle,
how do you feel?

16 Don't turn your .........~~~(C ...... on me when I'm

talking to you.
Cast your mind .........~~~~ ........ to your first day at
school.
Going .........~.{I.I;.t. .... .. to the office after two weeks'
holiday is a nightmare.

9 When the computer crashed, we had to .. ...... ..f~!.I. ..

back on pencil and paper.
If the plans .......... tllll... .... ... through, we'll have to
arrange something else.
Be careful you don't .......... fllll. ......... into the hands
of the enemy.

17 She won't want to go to the Indian restaurant as she

doesn't .........f;.~.@ ......... for spicy food.
When you're young, you don't have a ...... .. .<::IIr.e........ .
in the world.
I couldn't .........<::IIf!t...... ... less about your problems.

10 I don't understand. What are you ...... g.' .i09....... at

18 The escaped prisoners are back .......I?.~t!~r!~...... .

exactly?
..... J~@"!!J9o ...... around town at rush hour can be a
challenge.
We enjoy ...... 9.~~!ng....... away at the weekend.

bars .
I must finish this project tonight because I don 't
want to get .......~~fi!np. ...... with my work.
I don't know what's happening because
discussions are being held .......~."I:!i(!f!... .... closed
doors .

11 That law is outdated and should have been

..... .. JJ.Q.IJ.fL ..... . away with years ago.
My day was so exhausting that I'm completely
........ d.Qfl.t ........ in.
Getting my parents to agree to that is easier said
than ........ ~g~!L ...... .
12 There's no way I can do ...... ~lthrJ.~f ...... my mobile
phone.
Oan accepted the job offer ...... ~~~~~~.... ... a
second thought.
You must be here on time ...... w.m~.C?.I!.L. ... fail.

142

19 The plot was so confusing I couldn't ...... .1.;9oI,/J"'....... .

out what was going on.
A ....... !.I9oI,I.f.fL ..... in old fashioned clothes appeared
in the doorway.
Don't take it seriously; it's just a ...... Ji9.Hf.f!........ of
speech.

Paper 3 Use of En fish

-. .. ,'
20 The road was a dead ........ JU'1r:!........ and went
nowhere.
I'm at a loose ......... ~nc( ........ this evening. Want to
go out?
If we keep driving in this direction. I don't know
where we're going to ........ JH~.C! ......... up.

28 Frank was frt to ....... ..'$.(9P. ........ after running the

21 If you ........P.rln9. ........ up the subject of pocket

29 We think ........~.~Q.rJg........ the same lines which is

why we have such a good relationship.
You can sing ........~.~9.rJg ........ to all your favourite
hits.
Getting ........~.l.9.rJg ........ as a family is not always as
easy as it sounds.

money one more time. I'll scream.

Looking after a pet will ........P.rln9. ........ out the best
in a child.
If I ........P.r.~tJ9. ........ off this deal. I'll have enough
money to retire.

22 That kind of book is right ......... PP............ my street.

Anybody in the building after hours is probably
.......... '-!P..... ....... to no good.
The baby was burning ......... .fUL ........ with fever
and we had to call the doctor.

marathon.
You must ........ q.'.9.p. ......... me a line when you next
come to town.
Sales of suntan lotion usually ........ !!.r.9.P......... off in
the winter.

30 We must get together and ........C?:~!~f? ........ up on all

the news.
I was so busy I didn't have a minute to ........ ~~.~~~L ....
my breath.
Be careful you don't ........~~,~f?........ your sweater
on that nail!

23 I just need to ........ l!.9.fL ....... out some small

problems in the proposal.
The time is right so let's strike while the ....... jr.Q.~L. ......
is hot.
I ought to ........ .!tQ.rJ ......... a shirt for the wedding.
24 The flat is to ......... .!~!.. .......... but only to the most
suitable applicant.
Mary was devastated when Danny ......... .!~.r.. ....... ..
her down so badly.
We couldn't go out as the rain didn't .......... !.f!L ........
up all day.

25 Can you just ....... ~f?f!.C?~........ over these figures? I'm

not sure they're correct.
The number of stray dogs on the streets should be
kept in ....... ~h~.C?~.........
You must ....... ~f?~.C?L ..... in at least two hours
before your flight.
26 If we're driving all that distance, I'll need to
fII........... up the tank.
.......... .!..

aill had had his .......... .fl.lL ........ of the poor pay and
quit his job.
fII
Could you .......... ..1.............
out the form and put
your signature at the bottom?

hand
.
27 G ve your b ro Ih er a .........................
WI'Ih carrying
the luggagel
I have to ........ f!.2!.'JJJ.. ....... it to you. it was a ;Ob well
done.
Manchester United had the upper ....... ,tmn!!. ........ in
the second half.

9. Key Word Transformations

Complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You
must use between three and six words,
Including the word given.

1 She had no intention of helping with the meal.

NEVER
She ..............(!~~~!'J~~~n!!.f!.r!.J9...I).fJ.IP. .............. with
the meal.
2 You can try to start the engine with that key, but it
won't work.

POINT
There's ............ n.9.p.f!lnUmUrrfn9............. to start
the engine with that key.
3 John and Anna appear to be very different.

COMMON
John and Anna appear to .... tu~~~. U~{f~jf!9.r.MJ!lL ..
.......... o9,tft .IQt.Jf.J..9.QmmJw .......... with each other.
4 The electrician was fixing the lights when I got
home.

BEING
The lights .w."(~. ~~/)JI . f!Xf1P.fP.y..th.~..'-~fJ.~*-~t;li1.t)J .
when I got home.
S This matter has nothing to do with you.

CONCERN
This matter ............ i~ . mjl..c.9.0t:f~r.o . Qf. ........... yours.

143

Bill is very proud of his footballing skills.

TAKES

10

11

12

13

14

Bill .......... 1.~.~.f#.$. Jm~.q.1J1~ . '91..Q.fj. px!~~. f.tJ.. .......... his

footbatling skills.
The referee will have to postpone the match if the
rain continues.
OFF
The match will have .......... JQ. . P~..q.~.~~f!.~(9.f! .......... .
if the rain continues.
Uving in the countryside does not suit me.
CUT
I'm ..................... r1.Q.( . ~Y1..Q.Hrt.Q.r:. .................... living
in the countryside.
It wasn't David's fault that the dinner was late.
FOR
David ....................w~~m:U9.. ~l.~m.fJ.l~r... ................ .
the dinner being late.
Dad doesn't mind if I stay out late as long as I
phone.
OBJECT
Dad doesn't .......9:~j~~UQ. . m~/.t;J:Iy. .~to!ly~~g ....... out
late as long as I phone.
Not once did Henry suspect that his dog would bite
him.
OCCURRED
It never ...........Q.m::9..9.r;.t;.l.!.m:.r!..ff?.I:fftnly. .......... that
his dog would bite him.
She never gave me the impression that she was
generous.
ACROSS
She never .... f~m.fJ. .~~r9.~.~ ..~.~..l1,fJ.!~g..... generous.
If you buy that car, you'll be wasting your money.
WASTE
It would ..........~~.!!..W.~~!.~..9.(m.C?f.1.~y.. ~~........... buy
that car.
I hadn't expected the book to be that bad.

19 The loss of his father has seriously affected him.

EFFECT

.1

The loss of his father has .IJ.~.cta .$.ftric.f.J.$..fl..ttftc.tfr

...................... him.
20 Harry doesn't feel like going out tonight.

MOOD
21

22

23

24

25

15

16

17

18

144

Harry isn't ............ .iRthft.fflQOu.IQL ........... going

out tonight.
We ought to discuss the location of the end-ot-term
party.
HAVE
We ought to ....I)."v.~.." .9.{~p.u~~{rm.lH,.9.utwn.fl..~fL .
we are going to hold the endofterm party.
Mr Jones concluded that he should retire.
CAME
Mr Jones ...... ~ilm.~..tQ.1b.e..f<on.t;J.I.!.$i.Qo.th.<I.L ... he
should retire.
The weather is both wet and windy.
ONLY
Not ....................QOIr..is.if.Wftt.Jt:$.................... also
windy.
~You broke the vase, ~ said my father.
ACCUSED
My father ....~~~~~~!1. .~~. ~t. .~r~~.~!.r!g .... the vase.
Fiona can see the mountain quite well from her
bedroom window.

A
Fiona has ..............QUit.fl..aJl09.rJ. .vi.ftW..QC ....... the
mountain from her bedroom window.
26 Is this the room where the meeting is going to be
held?

PLACE

27

SHORT
The book .t~Il . (fflliw.ayJ . shclf. cl .my. expectations.
Gerry had to leave his job dLle to ill health.
RESULTED
III health ...... r.~~l.!.n~Jl.ifJ..~.~~ry. !J.i1.t(jfJg ...... to leave
his job.
Very few people came to the opening nightot the play.
HARDLY
,
There .... Wftr.e. .11ltr.Q/y. .MY. ftftCp(e. .af/wlts .hlll"'r. ...
.... anJ(on.e..aL the opening of the play.
Jamie will have a carpenter put up her shelves.
BE
Jamie's shelves .............. Wm .~~ . P.Y.tHP...~Y. ............ .
a carpenter.
He took no notice of the 'No Entry' sign
PAID
He ............. Jufid. n.Q .aN~n.tiQn. t.Q ....................... the
'No Entry' sign.

n. ~

28

29

30

Is the meeting .......... gQing..tQ.tilke.pJac.e..in.... .

this room? .
Excuse me, but do you know if there is a pet shop
in the area?
AWARE
Excuse me, but .......... ar.e..YQu.awar.e..Qt.ilny......... .
pet shops in the area?
I haven't seen your keys since yesterday morning.
LAST
The ..................... '~~f. 1im.e.J~~w. ..................... your
keys was yesterday morning.
Barry can only see with the aid of his glasses.
INCAPABLE
Barry is ....... !n.c;.~P..~~I~ . g.t~fJ.~!!!g..W!~.fJ.9.HL ..... his
glasses. She'd rather cook her own food than buy readymade meals.
PREFERS
She ......... p..~~f~!~..<?;9.!l.~!ng. l!~r. .c?'~'1 . f!lp.t;I. .~!l......... .
buying ready-made meals.

SPEAKING TEST I
Part 1 1(3 minutes)

How long have you been studying English?

What do you enjoy most about learning English?
What do you like to do In your spare time?
What's the most exciting experience you've ever had ... (Why7)
If you could live In another country, where would you choose? ... (Why?)

Part

21(4 minutes)

c.ncfkIaCe A:

Look at the pictures below, Compare two of the pictures, and say what situation each
woman might be In, and how she may be 'eellng.

What situation might each woman be in?

How might each woman be feeling?

c.ddMe a

Which picture shows the 18881 stressful situation for these women to be In? ... (Why?)

~. ~

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say what challenges
each person might be facing In their lob and how each person might be feeling.

Who! challenges might MOh porIOn be faclng In IIleIr job?

How might MOh porIOn be tooling?

c.d.t\I .k

Which of these people can leave their wort< behind and not think about It again until
the next day? ... (Why?)

145

SPEAKING TEST I
Part 3

I (4 minutes) pahwork

Here are some pictures showing different things you might include in a time capsule to teach future generations about
our lives today. First, talk to each other about how these items influence our lives now. Then, decide which item you
would like to be stili using in the future.

How does each item influence your life?

Which item would you like to be still using in the future? ... (Why?)

Part 4 (4 minutes)
Discuss the following questions together.
e . Do you think it is a good idea to have a time capsule? Why?/Why not?
What might future generations be able to learn about us from the items found in the time capsule?
. 10 what other ways can we share the past with future generations?
. What Inventlon' from the twentieth/tWenty-flrst century stands out the most for you? Why?

Part 2

Part 3

Candidate A
working mother; career woman; single mother;
housewife; child minder
hectic day; plastic washing basket; spend quality
time with child; look of concentration; young toddler
under arm; have one's hands full; demanding children require constant attention/supervision;
multi-tasking
feels, guilty/sad; happy; harassed; stressed; content

Asking for opinion & suggesting

What about/How about ... (newspapers etc)?
What do you think about ... ?
I don't think that's a good idea because ...
Wouldn't ... be better?
Why would you choose ... ?

Candidate B
farrT}er; doctor; carpenter
sheer hard work; loading bales of hay; strained look
on face; strength; racing against time; draw on
extensive medical training; correctly diagnose; work
long hours; physically/emotionally/mentally challenging;
hold patients' lives in her hands
pressurised; tired/exhausted; proud; concemed; anxious;
; confident

146

Agreeing
Yes, I (definitely) agree (because)
Absolutely!
That's not a bad suggestion.
You are absolutely right!
That's true, but ...
Disagreeing
I'm not sure I agree with that because.
I don't think that would be a good idea because .. .
I'm sorry, but I don't agree with you there because .. .
I'm not certain about that. It might

that's, but ...

SPEAKING TEST 2
Part 1 1 (3 minutes)

Where are you from?

What are your interests and what leisure activities do you take part in?
What kind of music do you enjoy listening to?
If you had an opportunity to learn something new, what would you choose? ... (Why?)
How might you use your English in the future?

Part

21 (4 minutes)

Candidate A:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say why people might
do each of the extreme sports shown and how the people doing them might be feeling.

Why might people do each of the sports?

How might the people be feeling?

Candidate B:

If you had to do one of these extreme sports, which would you prefer? (Why?)

Candidate B:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say why the elderly
people in the pictures might be doing these activities and how important a part the
activity might play in their lives.

Why might the elderly people in the pictures be doing

these activities?
How important a part might the activity play in their lives?

Candidate A:

Which of these activities appeals to you the most? ... (Why?)

147

I AKIN

11

Part 1 1 (3 mlnut)

Where are you from?

What do you enjoy the most about learning another language?
What do you like to do at weekends?
Do you prefer to follow a routine or do you like to be spontaneous?
What would your dream Job be? ... (Why?)

Part

21(4 minutes)

Candidate A:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say why the people
might be choosing to get their food In this way, and how the atmosphere might be
different in each situation.

Why might the people be choosing to get their food In this way?
How might the atmosphere be different in each situation?

Candidate B:

Which of these people do you think are enjoying their activity the most?

Candidate B:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say why the people might
be in each situation and how they might be feeling.

Why might the people be in each of the situations shown?

How might the people be feeling?

Candidate A:

Which of these situations would you least like to be in? Why?

149

SPEAKING TEST 3
Part 3

I (4 minutes) pairwork

Here are some pictures showing a number of people in stressful situations. First, talk to each other about how stressful
each situation is. Then, decide which situation would be the most stressful to be in .

How stressful is each situation?

Which situation would be the most stressful to be in?

Part 4 I (4 minutes)
Discuss the following questions together.

How do you cope with stress?

What do you think people can do to avoid stress in their lives?
Do you think our lifestyles today are more or less stressful than those of your grandparents? Why?
Will there be more or less stress in our lives in the future? Why?
Do we learn to cope with stress more successfully as we get older?

Useful
Part 2

Part 3

Candidate A
supermarket; street market; allotment/garden
convenience; busy lifestyle/hectic schedules; onestop shop; financial incentives; loyalty cards;
stressful ; farming co-operatives; fresh , locally
grown prod ~ce; good exercise; organic vegetables;
growing your own vegetables; stalls
personal satisfaction; relaxed; content;.calm; hectic;
hustle and bustle

Evaluating
I believe the most stressful ... because.
For me, the most difficult situation would be .
I would never want to be .
If we assume ... then the obvious choice would be ...
Looking at the expression on her/his face .. .
His/her body language says ...

Candidate B
automobile/car; check-in queue at airport; hitchhiking
road map; lost their way; arguing; blaming one
another; waiting in check-in queue; delayed ; bad
weather conditions; business people; car break
. down; fall out with travel partner
anxioustworried; frustrated; annoyed; angry; confused;
tired; hot; fed up; afraid

150

Selecting
It really depends on your situation, however
In terms of everyday situations ...
... is obviously the most difficult, because.
There's no doubt that.
Agreeing
I'm inclined to agree with you .. .
That is true, and furthermore .. .
I see what you mean but what about ...
Yes, and we mustn't forget.

SPEAKING TEST 2
Part 3 I (4 minutes) palrwork
Imagine your school wants to organise a weekend trip. Here are some of the types 01 trips that have been sugges
First, talk to each other about how suitable each option would be for the trip. Then, decide which kind of trip wc
be the best option for the students' weekend away.

How suitable would each option be for the school trip?

Which kind of trip would be the best option for the students' weekend away? (Why?)

Part 4 I (4 minutes) .
Discuss the following questions together.

Do you believe school trips are beneficial to students? Why?Nlhy not?

How does travelling abroad benefit people In general?
Can you learn more from reading a book about a place, or going to that place and experiencing It first hand?

What was your favourite school trip? Why?

If you could travel to any place, where would you go? Why?

Useful
Part 2

Part 3

Candidate A

Evaluating
What one person sees as fun , another sees as ...
True, but on the other hand ...
It must appeal to your interests/abilities ...
I suppose it depends what the aim of the trip is. If
It's ...
The cost could be ott-putting ...
As for the possiblllity of spending the weekend ... ,
I think ...

whlta..water rafting; diff Jumping; skydMnglparachuting

excitement; challenge; be pushed to one's limits;
brave; form of exercise; sense offreedom; dangerous;
excitJng; exhilarating; enjoy nature; adrenalin rush; out
of the ordinary; adventurous; requires skill; dMng in
formation
crash; lose control; break Ieg/arm/etc; concussIon;
faU from great height; slip and faU; equIpment failure

Candidate B

148

golf; gardenIng; snooker/bllllards/pool

physical activity; sOOa/ I~.; staying in shape; mentally
alert; gentle form of exerdse; not afraid of hard work;
lawn mower; not too strenuous; mental agllJty;
hobby, companionship; being young at heart;
looklng/feellng good/younger; longer life; quality of
life
central to theIr lives; become the focus of one's day;
the one thing the person looks forward to ffNery day

Selecting

So, do we both agree that ... would be the best

option?
It is hard to say ... they all have their benefits ...
Selecting only one is difficult ...
I think the best choice would be ... because ...
It's hard to choose, but I think ... would be the best
choice because ...
There is no doubt that students would .. .

SPEAKING TEST 4
Part 1 1 (3 minutes)

What do you enjoy most about learning English?

How important is sport and exercise in your life?
What do you do to relax?
What kinds of holiday appeal to you most? ... (Why?)
What do you like doing at weekends?

Part

21(4 minutes)

Candidate A:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say why these people
might have chosen to eat in this way, and how the atmosphere might be different in each
situation.

Why might these people have chosen to eat in this way?

How is the atmosphere different in each situation?

Candidate B:

Which of these three types of situations do you prefer eating in? Why?

Candidate B:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say what you think each
person is using the computer for and how it might benefit their life.

VVhat do you think each person is using the computer for?

How might it benefit their life?

Candidate A:

Which of the pictures best reflects what you most commonly use a computer for?

151

SPEAKING TEST 4
Part 31 (4 minutes) paJrwork
Here are some pictures showing some facilities found In a city. First, talk about how each of these things make life
more pleasant for city residents, Then, decide which would be the two most Important for residents In a big city to
have close by.

How does each of these things make life more pleasant for city residents?
Which would be the two most Important for residents in 8 big city to have
close by?

Part 4 1 (4 minutes)
Discuss the fonowlng questions together.

What do you enjoy doing In your free time?

Where do you and your friends like to hang out?
How do you get from one place to another in the city?
In your opinion, what Is the most convenient aspect 01 living in the city? Why?

Part 2

Part 3

Candld.le A
eating at home; eating In the park; meal In a restaurant
on the run ; family time; eatlng on the go; treat for the
children; special occasion; elegant; relaxed; rushed;
celebration; convenient; Inexpensive; part of daily
routine; relaxed; Informal/formal; sound of traffiC/
voices In background; customers chattlng/laughlng
quietly; soothing ; calm; pressurised

Talking about benefits

One of the good things Is ...
The/A ... makes everyday life ... (easier etc) ...
People of all ages can enjoy .. .
It's important to have ... In cities so that ...
... are great places for .. .

Candidate B
airport lounge; computer lab/school; home
on the go; use every moment productively; sending
emall; communicate with family/colleagues;
developing skills; 'COntacting clients; researching on
the Intemet; organisation; playing games
overworked; catch up on work; under pressure;
make life more hectic; enthusiastic; make learning
fun; easier to find information; save time;
preparation time

152

Agreeing
You are absolutely rightl I couldn't agree more ...
That is the most important thing, I would say
I can't imagine what you would do without it.
I agree it isn't essential to have .'" however ...
It just makes every day life so much easier to ...
Disagreeing
I'm sorry, but I disagree. I couldn't do without ...
Are you sure about that?
But having said that, .. .
I would not choose ... because ...
The/A ... is not something I would say ...

SPEAKING TEST 5
Part 1 1 (3 minutes)

What do you do?

Who has had the greatest influence on your life? ... (Why?)
What makes a good friend? ... (Why?)
How do you like to spend tIme with your friends?
What kinds of books do you enjoy reading? ... (Why?)

Part

21(4 minutes)

Candidate A:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say why the people
might be doing the activity shown and what skills/qualities these activities require.

wtr; might the people be doing the _

shown?
What skills/qualities do these actIVltles~r~eq
;;;;UI~r.~?=:;;;""",F==::;::::::==

Candidate 8 :

Which of these people do you think are enjoying their activltlty the most?

Candidate B :

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say how the animals' lives
might be affected by humans and what coold be done to ensure the well-being of the

animals in each situation.

Havv might the animals' lives be affected by humans?

What could be done to ensure the well-being of the animals?

Candidate A:

Which picture do you find most upsetting? Why?

153

SPEAKING TEST 5
Part 3 I (4 minutes) pairwork
Here are some pictures showing different ways of protecting the environment. First, talk to each other about how the
methods shown help protect the environment. Then, decide which pictures show the two methods that would make
the biggest difference in protecting the environment of your local area.

How do the methods shown in these pictures help protect the environment?
Which two methods would make the biggest difference in protecting the environment of your local area?

Part 4 (4 minutes)
Discuss the following questions together.

What do you think is the greatest threat to the environment in the area/country in which you live?
What are some of the things you or your family and friends have done in order to protect the environment?
Would you be prepared to be inconvenienced somehow, for example by a longer journey to work, in order to
protect the environment? Why?Nl/hy not?
To what extent are you concerned about the future of our planet?

Useful

154

Part 2

Part 3

Candidate A
weightlifting; yoga; volleyball
participate in a competition; training; relieve stress;
enjoy challenge of pushing body to limit; tournament;
skills; solo; relaxation; spiritual well-being; exercise/
get fit; stay active
high levels of fitness and strength; determination;
balance; concentration; calmness; suppleness of
body; speed; team work; sheer power; focus your
mind and body

Discussing, Evaluating
Unleaded petrol reduces emissions of/leads to less
carbon monoxide ...
Cleaning up rubbish can really help ...
Bicycles and cycling lanes are a solution to .. ./if
more people cycled, then ...
I think that ... (e.g. recycling) is something that
everyone can get involved in.
Tree planting/Reforestation restores the natural
balance by.

Candidate B
horse; panda; cows; show jumping; circus tricks;
mass production
well looked after; sustain injuries; entertainment;
trapped/caged; cramped milking shed; hit horse
with riding crop; push horse to its physical limits;
out of natural habitat
tighten laws; run spot-checks; obligatory to let animals
out into a field; ban/bOycon

Selecting
would be the most successful
I believe that
because ...
It seems to me that we should choose ... because.
In my opinion, ... above all else since .. .
They all have their plus points ... however, for me ...
The popularity of ... must mean that ... so I think
OK, so we'll choose ... then.

SPEAKING TEST 6

Part 1 (3 minutes)

Where do you live?

What do you do here/there?
Would you consider studying/living abroad? .. ryvhyfWhy not?)
Which countries would you most like to visit? ... (Why?)
Where do you usually spend your holidays?

Part

21 (4 minutes)

Candidate A:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say why each of these
events might be taking place, and how the people might be feeling.

Why might these events be taking place?

How might the people be feeling?

Candidate B:

Which of these events would you most like to attend? (Why?)

Candidate B:

Look at the pictures below. Compare two of the pictures, and say how much natural
ability is required for each activity, and how the people might be feeling.

How much natural ability is required for each activity?

How might the people be feeling?

Candidate A:

Which of the people do you think are enjoying themselves the most?

155

SPEAKING TEST 6

Part 3 (4 minutes) palrwork

Here are some pictures showing different aspects of banking. First. talk to each other about how each of th ~se
modern banking methods have made life easier for the customer. Then, decide which picture best reflects the world
of modern banking.

How have each of the banking methods made life easier for the customer?
Which picture best reflects the world of modern banking?

Part 4 (4 minutes)
Discuss the following questions together.

What is your opinion of credit cards?

Is it important to save and invest money? Why?fWhy not?
Would you ever consider using phone/online banking? Why?f\Nhy not?
What is your preferred method of payment; cash, cheque or debit/credit card?

Part 2

Part 3

Candidate A
parade; brass band; community event; commemoration;
festival; charity event
special day in the community; day of fun for the
whole family; tradition; take place on same day
every year; in memory of an event (coronation of
king/queen, mark special date in history); solemn
occasion; dressed up; take place annually; raise
money for charity
proud; tired; hot; relaxed; happy; informal atmosphere

Discussing, Evaluating
The appearance of cash machines/ATMs has meant
that ...
One-to-one personal banking services have always
been available, however .. .
Saving plans are something that ...
Handing over a credit card insteaq of pash is ... even
though ...
Phone/Online banking is ...
More and more banks are giving customers the
option to ...
It is really convenient to be able to ...

Candidate B
tennis match; balancing children on feet; playing
acoustic guitar
teamWOf1<; observational skills; agility; aim; balance;
born with a talent; energy; hours of pratice; play by
heart; musical ear; read music; creative; oompose/
play songs; natural skilVability
invigorated; competitive; energetic; relaxed; content;
enjoying time with children; proud

156

Selecting
I think that the instant availability of cash
Since we are talking about modern banking, then
If we are to assume that ... then the obvious choice
is .. . because ...
Technology has certainly paved the way for .. .
We are becoming more and more dependent on ...

UNIVERSITY o( CAMBRIDGE

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III UNIVERSITY o( CAMBR IDGE

ESOL ExaminaTions

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Candidate No.

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Examination
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Candidate Answer Sheet

Instructions
Use a PENCIL (8 Of HB).
Rub out any answer you wish to change using an eraser.

Parts 1, 3 and 4 :
Mark ONE letter for each question.

Par1 2 :
Write your answer clearly in CAPITAL LETTERS

For example. if you think B Is the

right answer to the question, mark
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Write one letter or number in each box,

If the answer has more than one word, leave one
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