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Contents
Executive summary
13
Abbreviations
15
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Executive summary
Spectrum is arguably the scarcest and most valuable of all the
resources needed for mobile communications. To meet the
demand created by smart devices, machine-to-machine (M2M)
communications and the ongoing boom in mobile broadband
everywhere, most operators will need to place a high priority on
making the most effective use of their finite spectrum holdings.
One increasingly popular way to deliver broadband services over
sparsely populated areas and indoors is through refarming GSM
900/1800, GSM 850/1900 and CDMA in 850/1900 MHz frequency
bands to WCDMA.
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Scenario 1: Rural 3G
coverage extension
Scenario 2: Urban 3G
coverage improvement
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2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Cell area [km2]
Fast facts
Why should we use WCDMA in the 900 MHz band? The simple answer
is because it offers:
Cells that are 2.8 times larger and therefore enable easier rollout
and better coverage
TCO reduced to 60% compared with 2100 MHz networks
Cost-efficient 3G coverage of large areas, with 65% fewer sites
compared with WCDMA in the 2100 MHz band
Improved data rates and coverage indoors
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kbps
HSPA 900
HSPA 2100
5000
4000
3000
+60%
2000
1000
+130%
Outdoor
Indoor, -10 dB
penetration loss
Indoor, -20 dB
penetration loss
Figure 3: Indoor penetration of HSPA at 2100 MHz and 900 MHz. The
higher the penetration loss caused by the buildings walls, the greater
HSPA 900s performance gains compared with HSPA 2100. (This refers
to HSPA single carrier data rates.)
3GPP R7
12/2007
3GPP R8
03/2009
3GPP R9
03/2010
3GPP R10
06/2011
3GPP R11
12/2012
3GPP R12
06/2014
DC-HSDPA +
MIMO
Dual cell HSUPA
Dual-band HSDPA
Transmit diversity
for non-MIMO
terminals
4-carrier HSDPA
Minimization of
drive testing
Automatic
neighbor lists
Inter-frequency
detected set
Content
under study
HetNet
Enhanced HSUPA
Enhanced DCH for
CS voice
Scalable BW UMTS
Wi-Fi interworking
64QAM HSDPA
2x2 MIMO
16QAM HSUPA
CPC
L2 optimization
High speed FACH
Flat architecture
HSPA+
x Mbps
x Mbps
28 Mbps
42 Mbps
11 Mbps
11 Mbps
HSDPA Multiow
8-carrier HSDPA
4x4 MIMO
Uplink
beamforming
Uplink MIMO
64QAM HSUPA
Further enhanced
FACH
168 Mbps
84 Mbps
23 Mbps
23 Mbps
336 Mbps
336 Mbps
35 Mbps
35 Mbps
No peak rate
increases in
Release 12
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North America
700, 850* and 1900 MHz
1.7/2.1 GHz
EMEA
2100 MHz
850*, 900* and 1800 MHz
2.6 GHz
APAC
2100 MHz
850*, 900*, 1800
and 1900 MHz
Latin America
2100 MHz
850*, 900*, 1800
and 1900 MHz
1.7/2.1 GHz
Operating
band
Operating
3GPP
band
Release
Band
name
Band I
Rel.
Band99I
2100 MHz
Band II
Rel.
5 II
Band
Band III
Total
spectrum
Uplink
[MHz]
Downlink
[MHz]
2x60 MHz
1920-1980
2110-2170
1900 MHz
2x60 MHz
1850-1910
1930-1990
Rel.
5 III
Band
1800 MHz
2x75 MHz
1710-1785
1805-1880
Band V
Rel.
6V
Band
850 MHz
2x25 MHz
824-849
869-894
Band VIII
Rel.
7 VIII
Band
900 MHz
2x35 MHz
880-915
925-960
Figure 5: The main WCDMA frequency bands and near-term refarming potential
To improve performance for users at the cell edge, Release 11
introduces Multiflow. Currently 3GPP is focusing on Release 12,
where the focus is not on peak data rates, but rather on making the
system more efficient. For more information on these improvements,
see the white paper Taking HSPA to the next level with Release 12
and beyond.
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RNC mode
modules
BSC mode
modules
Hardware module
re-use for higher
WCDMA capacity
Downward trend of
GSM/EDGE capacity
requirements
RNC mode
modules
BSC mode
modules
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Abbreviations
3GPP
BSC
CDMA
EDGE
EEC
GSA
GSM
HSPA
LTE
M2M
MCPA
MIMO
OSC
OSS
RF
RNC
SDB
SPI
SRA
TCO
TDMA
UMTS
WCDMA
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Public
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Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014
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