Calculations for Lemon Juice:

Lemon
Juice:
Chemical
Formula:
Molar
Mass of
Citric Acid:

Calculations/ Where Info Found

Final Answer

https://thechronicleflask.wordpress.com/2013/
08/28/amazing-alkaline-lemons/
C6H8O7
C:
12.01 * 6
H: + 1.01 * 8
O: + 16.00 * 7
--------------------192.14/mol

C6H8O7

ml of
Lemon
Juice used:
Density of
Lemon
Juice:

1 ml

1 ml

http://www.aqua-calc.com/page/densitytable/substance/lemon-blank-juice-blank-fromblank-concentrate-coma-and-blank-cannedblank-or-blank-bottled
1 ml* 1.03 = 1.03g of lemon juice

1ml of lemon
Juice = 1.03 g
of lemon Juice

Grams of
Lemon
Juice Used:
Percent of 1% = Found this through titration lab
Citric Acid
in Lemon
Juice:
Grams of
1.03 * 0.01= 0.0103
Citric Acid
in Lemon
Juice:
Moles of
Grams of Citric Acid / Molar Mass
Citric Acid:
Ex. 0.0103g / 192.14g/mol = 5.360674508
* 10 ^ -5 moles

Morality of
Citric Acid:
Dilution
Equation:

Moles of Citric Acid / Liters solution

Ex. 5.360674508 * 10 ^ -5 moles / (1ml )
0.001L =
M1 * V1 = M2 * V2
Ex. 0.0536067451 M * .001 L = M2 *

192.14 g/mol

1.03 g of
lemon juice
1%

0.0103g of
Citric Acid

1-100 Ratio:
5.360674508
* 10 ^ -5
Moles of Citric
Acid
1-100 Ratio:
0.0536067451
1-100 Ratio:
5.307598523*

Calculatin
g pH:
Amount of
Cleaner
needed to
push pH
out of the
safe zone.

101ml = 5.307598523*10 ^ -7
-log(M2)
Ex. log (5.307598523*10 ^ -7) =
6.275010935
1 (citric acid) : 125 (water)
1/125= x/ 4.92 x 10^15 liters
x =3.936*10^13 Liters of Citric Acid

10 ^ -7
1-100 Ratio:
pH:
6.275010935
x =3.936 * 10^13
Liters of Lemon
Juice

pH of Lemon Juice at Different Ratios of

Lemon Juice to Water
Ratio (Cleaner to Water)
1 - 100
1 - 125
1 - 145
1 - 150
1 - 175
1 - 200
1 - 300
1 - 400
1 - 500
1 - 700
1 - 900
1 - 1000

pH of Lemon Juice at
1%
6.2878
6.38389
6.44792
6.46250
6.52904
6.58672
6.76204
6.88667
6.98345
7.12933
7.29336
7.28396

Calculations for Windex

Windex :
Chemical
Formula:

Molar
Mass of
Ammonia:

ml of
Windex
used:
Density of
Windex:

Grams of
Windex
Used:
Percent of
Ammonia
in Windex:
Grams of
Ammonia
in Windex:
Moles of
Ammonia:

Calculations/ Where Info Found

NH3
http://www.ivyroses.com/Chemistry/GCSE/Co
mmon-Chemicals-in-the-Home_MolecularFormulae.php
NH3
N
14.01
H +1.01 * 3
-----------------17.04 g/mol
1 ml

Final Answer
C6H8O7

http://www.uline.com/PDF/SDS-17245.pdf

1 ml of
Windex =
0.997 g of
Windex
0.997 g of
Windex

1 ml* 0.997 =

17.04 g/mol

1 ml

5%

5%

0.997 * 0.05 = 0.4985

0.4985 grams
of Ammonia

Grams of Citric Acid / Molar Mass

Ex. 04985g / 17.04 g/mol =0.0029254695

1-100 Ratio:
0.0029254695

Morality of
Ammonia:
Dilution
Equation:
Calculatin
g p0H:
Calculatin
g pH:

Amount of
Cleaner
needed to
push pH
out of the
safe zone.

Moles of Citric Acid / Liters solution

Ex. 0.0029254695/ (1mml) 0.001 L =
2.925469484
M1 * V1 = M2 * V2
Ex. 2.925469484 M * .001 L = M2 * 101ml
= 2.896504439 * 10 ^-5
-log(M2)
Ex. log (2.896504439 * 10 ^-5) =
4.538125802
pOH- pH = 14
4.538125802 pH = 14
14 - 4.538125802 = 9.461874198
pH = 9.461874198
1 (Windex) : 125 (water)
1/260 = x/ 4.92 x 10^15 liters
X = 1.892*10^13 Liters of Windex

1-100 Ratio:
2.925469484
M
1-100 Ratio:
2.896504439
* 10 ^-5
1-100 Ratio:
pOH:
4.538125802
1 100 Ratio:
pH =
9.461874198
X = 1.892*10^13
Liters of Windex

pH of Windex at Different Ratios of Windex to

Water
Ratio (Cleaner to Water)
pH of Windex at 5%
1 - 25
10.025
1 - 50
9.7599
1 - 100
9.46317
1 - 200
9.16430
1 - 250
9.0609
1 - 260
9.05085
1 - 265
9.04261
1 - 270
9.03453
1 - 300
8.86435
1 - 400
8.864356

1 - 500

8.76766

Explanation and Reasoning:

In the graph below are the calculated pHs of citric acid in

ratios of lemon juice added to water. As seen in the graph as the
ratio gets larger the pH of the citric acid gets closer and closer to
a neutral pH. As the ratio gets smaller it gets closer to the original
pH of lemon juice that has a pH of 2. This is because when the
ratio is smaller there is a larger percent of the lemon juice in the
water. This allows the lemon juice to have more influence over the
solution as a whole and make the water more acidic. Knowing that
the ph of Lake Michigan ranges from 6.5-9 throughout the year
due to temperature change and other environmental factors we
can call a pH of 6.5-9 safe for the lake. This safe zone has a
normal range of pH levels. If the water remains in this zone after
lemon juice is added then it can be concluded that the ratio of
lemon juice to water is safe and won't have a drastic change on
the pH. Furthering this information the idea of a safe zone can be
used to find at what ratio of lemon juice to water does the pH
drop below a pH of 6.5 and out of the safe zone. We saw that at a
ratio of 1- 145, highlighted in blue, was the last ratio to stay in the
safe zone at a ph of 6.5. The ratios greater than that, highlighted
in green, are in the safe zone and all have a ph of over 6.5. The
ratios that are smaller, highlighted in red, are not safe and have a
pH of less than 6.5. The ratios in red would have a dangerous
effect on the lake. After the safe ratios and unsafe ratios are
found the ratios can be applied to the actual volume of the lake.
This would allow for the amount of lemon juice needed to be
polluted into the lake to have a dangerous effect on the lake to be
found. The first unsafe ratio, 1-125, was put into a proportion to
the volume of Lake Michigan in liters. Showing that order to push
the pH of the lake below a pH of 6.5 and out of the safe zone

3.936*10^13 or more liters of lemon juice would be needed to be

polluted into the lake. Next the same idea was applied to the
calculations for Windex. Because it is basic the ratio needed to be
found is the one where the pH is over a pH level of 9 and out of
the safe zone. After doing calculations it was found that at a ratio
of 1 - 260 the pH becomes too basic. Meaning if 1.893*10^13 or
more liters of Windex was polluted into the lake it would push it
out of the safe zone. Later applying these calculations the main
point of the experiment it can be concluded that Windex, a
chemical cleaner, is more harmful to the lake because less of it
needs to be polluted into the lake to dangerously change the pH
than the lemon juice, an organic cleaner.