Thyristor Commutation Techniques: Prof. T.K. Anantha Kumar, E&E Dept., MSRIT

Thyristor Commutation
Techniques
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Prof. T.K. Anantha Kumar, E&E Dept., MSRIT
Introduction
Commutation
Process of turning off a conducting thyristor.
Current Commutation
Voltage Commutation

Methods of Commutation
Natural Commutation
Forced Commutation

Natural Commutation
Occurs in AC circuits
T
+
vs
vo

S in u s o id a l
S u p p ly v o lta g e v s
G a te P u ls e
L o a d v o lta g e v o
T u rn o ff
o c c u rs h e re
2
V o l ta g e a c r o s s S C R

Prof. T.K. Anantha Kumar,t c E&E Dept., MSRIT
Natural Commutation of Thyristors takes place

in
AC voltage controllers.
Phase controlled rectifiers.
Cyclo converters.

Forced Commutation
Applied to dc circuits
Commutation achieved by reverse biasing the
SCR or by reducing the SCR current below
holding current value.
Commutating elements such as inductance and
capacitance are used for commutation purpose.

Methods of Forced
Commutation
Self commutation.
Resonant pulse commutation.
Complementary commutation.
Impulse commutation.
External pulse commutation.
Load Commutation.
Line Commutation.

Forced Commutation
is applied to
Choppers.
Inverters.

Self Commutation
Or
Load Commutation
Or
Class A Commutation
(Commutation By Resonating
The Load)
10
10
Circuit is under damped by including suitable

values of L & C in series with load.
Oscillating current flows.
SCR is turned off when current is zero.

11
11
R
Load
V c(0 )
+ C

12
12
Expression for Current

T
I(S )
SL
CS
V C(0 )
- +
C
V
S
Fig. shows a transformed network

13
13
V VC 0
I S
I S
1
R SL
CS
CS V VC 0
S
2
RCS S LC 1

C V VC 0
R 1
LC S S
L LC
2
14
14
V VC 0
L
I S
R 1
2
S S
L LC
V VC 0
L
I S
2
R 1 R
2
S S

L LC 2 L
2 L
15
15
V V 0
C
I S
R
S
2 L
1
R
LC 2 L
Where,
A
V VC 0
L
R
,
,
2L

1 R
LC 2 L
16
16
is called the natural frequency

A
I S
2
S 2
Taking inverse Laplace transforms
A t
i t e sin t

17
17
Expression for current

V VC 0 2 RL t
i t
e sin t
L
Peak value of current
V V 0

18
18
Expression For Voltage Across

Capacitor At The Time Of Turn Off
T
R
Load
V c(0 )
+ C

19
19
Applying KVL to figure

vc t V vR VL
di
vc t V iR L
dt
Substituting for i,
A t
d A t
vc t V R e sin t L e sin t
dt
20
20
A t
A t
vc t V R e sin t L e cos t e t sin t
A t
vc t V e R sin t L cos t L sin t
A t
R
vc t V e R sin t L cos t L
sin t
2L
A t R
vc t V e sin t L cos t
2

21
21
Substituting for A,
vc t
V V 0
V
e
C
V V 0
V
e
2 sin t L cos t
vc t
sin
cos
t
2 L
SCR turns off when current goes to zero.

i.e., at t
C

22
22
Therefore at turn off

vc t V
V VC 0
vc t V V VC 0 e
vc t V V VC 0 e
0 cos
R
2 L
23
23
Note: For effective commutation

the circuit should be under damped.
2
1
R
That is

LC
2 L
With R = 0, and the capacitor initially uncharged
that is VC 0 0
V
t
i t
sin
L
LC
24
24
But
1
LC
V
t
C
t
i t
LC sin
V
sin
L
L
LC
LC
and capacitor voltage at turn off is equal to 2V
Fig. shows the waveforms for the above conditions.
Once the SCR turns off voltage across it is
negative voltage.
25
25
C u rren t i
/2
2V
C a p a c ito r v o lta g e
G a te p u ls e
Conduction time of SCR
t
t
V
V o l ta g e a c r o s s S C R
26
26
Problem
Calculate the conduction time of SCR and the
peak SCR current that flows in the circuit
employing series resonant commutation (self
commutation or class A commutation), if the
supply voltage is 300 V, C = 1F, L = 5 mH
and RL = 100 . Assume that the circuit is
initially relaxed.
27
27
100
5 m H
1 F
V =300V

28
28
1
LC
RL

2 L
1
100
3
6
3
5 10 110
2 5 10
10, 000 rad/sec
Since the circuit is initially relaxed, initial voltage
across capacitor is zero as also the initial current
through L and the expression for current i is
29
29
V t
R
i t
e sin t , where
L
2L
V
peak value of current

L
300
IP
6A
3
10000 5 10
Conducting time of SCR =

0.314msec
10000
30
30
Problem
Figure shows a self commutating circuit. The
inductance carries an initial current of 200 A
and the initial voltage across the capacitor is
V, the supply voltage. Determine the
conduction time of the SCR and the capacitor
voltage at turn off.

31
31
i(t)
IO
10 H
V
=100V

C
50 F
+
V C(0 )= V
32
32
The transformed circuit of the

previous figure is shown in figure below
SL
+
I(S )
+
V
S

IO L
+
-
V C(0 )
S
1
CS
33
33
The governing equation is
VC 0
V
1
I S SL I O L
I S
S
S
CS
V VC 0
IO L
S
I S S
1
SL
CS
V VC 0

CS
S
I O LCS
S
I S
2
2
S LC 1
S LC 1

34
34
I S
V VC 0 C
1
LC S
LC
2
I O LCS
1
2
LC
S
LC
V VC 0
SI O
I S
2
2
2
2
L S
I S
V VC 0
2
2
L S
SI O
2
; where
2
S

1
LC
35
35
Taking inverse LT
C
i t V VC 0
sin t I O cos t
L
The capacitor voltage is given by
t
1
vc t i t dt VC 0
C0
1
vc t V VC 0
C 0
t
C
sin t I O cos t dt VC 0
L

36
36
1 V VC 0
vc t
C
1 V VC 0
vc t
C
t IO
t
C
cos t sin t VC 0
o
o
L
IO
C
1 cos t sin t VC 0
L
IO
1
C
vc t LC sin t V VC 0 LC
1 cos t VC 0
C
C
L
vc t I O
L
sin t V V cos t VC 0 VC 0 cos t VC 0
C
vc t I O
L
sin t V VC 0 cos t V
C

37
37
I0
i(t)
Q VC O V
/2
v c( t)
we get
i t I O cos t &
vc t I O
/2

L
sin t V
C
38
38
Turn off occurs at a time 'tO ' so that
tO
2
0.5
tO
0.5 LC
tO 0.5 10 10 50 10
6
tO 0.5 10

500 35.1 seconds

39
39
and the capacitor voltage at turn off is given by

vc tO I O
vc tO
vc tO
L
sin tO V
C
6
10 10
0
200
sin 90 100
6
50 10
89.4 100 189.4 V

40
40
Problem
In the circuit shown in figure V = 600 volts,
initial capacitor voltage is zero, L = 20 H,
C=50F and the current through the
inductance at the time of SCR triggering is
IO = 350 A. Determine
Peak values of capacitor voltage and current
Conduction time of T1.
41
41
I0
V

i(t)
C
42
42
The expression for i t is given by

C
i t V VC O
sin t I O cos t
L
It is given that the initial voltage across
the capacitor VC O is zero.
C
i t V
sin t I O cos t
L
43
43
i t can be written as
C
i t I V
sin t
L
2
O
where tan
IO
V
L
C and
The peak capacitor current is

1
LC
C
I V
L
2
O
44
44
Substituting the values, the peak capacitor current

6
50
10
3502 6002
1011.19 A
6
20 10
The expression for capacitor voltage is
vc t I O
L
sin t V VC 0 cos t V
C
with VC 0 0, vc t I O
L
sin t V cos t V
C
45
45
This can be rewritten as

C
V
L
2
2 L
vc t V I O sin t V ; Where tan 1
C
IO
L
The peak value of capacitor voltage is V I
V
C
Substituting the values, the peak value of capacitor voltage
2
2
O
6
20
10
6002 3502
600 639.5 600 1239.5V
6
50 10
46
46
To calculate conduction time of T1

The waveform
of capacitor
current is shown
in figure.
When the
capacitor
current becomes
zero the SCR
turns off.
C a p a c ito r
c u rre n t


47
47
conduction time of SCR
tan
L
IO
C
V
1
LC
Substituting the values tan 1

L
IO
C
V
48
48
350 20 10
tan
600 50 106
0
20.25 i.e., 0.3534 radians
1
1
31622.8 rad/sec
LC
20 106 50 106
conduction time of SCR
0.3534
88.17 sec
31622.8
1

49
49
Resonant Pulse Commutation

(Class B Commutation)
L
T
a
b
i
C
IL
Load
FW D

50
50
Series LC circuit connected across thyristor

T.
Initially C is charged to V volts with plate
a as positive.
Current in LC oscillates when SCR is ON.
T turns off when capacitor discharges through
thyristor in a direction opposite to IL
51
51
G a te p u ls e
of SC R
t1
V
C a p a c ito r v o lta g e
v ab
Ip
IL
tC
t
t
52
52
ISC
T h y r isto r C u rre n t
V o lta g e a c r o s s
SC R

53
53
Expression For tC ,
the Circuit Turn Off Time
Assume that at the time of turn off of the SCR
the capacitor voltage vab V and a constant
load current I L flows.
tc is the time taken for the capacitor
voltage to reach 0 volts from V volts and
it is derived as follows
54
54
tc
I L tc
1
V I L dt
C0
C
VC
tc
seconds
IL
For proper commutation tc should be greater than tq .
Magnitude of I p the peak value of i should be
greater than the load current I L .
Expression for i is derived as follows
55
55
The LC Circuit
During The Commutation Period
I(S )
SL
L
T
i
C
+
V C(0 )
=V
LC Circuit
+
Transformed Circuit
CS
V
S
56
56
V
CS
s
I S
2
1
S
LC
1
SL
Cs
V
S
VC
V
1
I S

2 1
L S2 1
LC S
LC
LC
57
57
V LC
I S
L S2 1
LC
1
1
LC
C LC
I S V
L S2 1
LC
Taking inverse LT
C
i t V
sin t
L

58
58
1
Where
LC
V
or
i t
sin t I p sin t
L
C
Ip V
amps
L
59
59
Expression For
Conduction Time Of SCR

1 I L
sin

60
60
Alternate Circuit
For Resonant Pulse Commutation
T
C
a b
iC ( t)
iC ( t)
IL
T
+
V C(0 )
V
FW D

L
O
A
D
61
61
Initially C charged with polarity as shown in

figure.
T1 is conducting & IL is constant.
To turn off T1, T2 is fired.
iC(t) flows opposite to IL & T1 turns off at
iC(t) = IL
62
62
ic t I p sin t
Where I p VC 0
C
& and the capacitor voltage
L
1
vc t iC t .dt
C
1
C
vc t VC 0
sin t.dt
C
L
vc t VC 0 cos t
63
63
Instant at
which the thyristor turns off is at t1
&
t1
I L I p sin
LC
I p VC 0

C
L
64
64
IL
L
or
t1 LC sin
V
0
C
& the corresponding capacitor voltage is

1
vc t1 V1 VC 0 cos t1
65
65
Expression For tC
Assuming a constant load
current I L which charges the capacitor
CV1
tc
seconds
IL
Normally
V1 VC 0
For reliable commutation tc tq

tC depends on I L & becomes smaller for
higher values of I L
66
66
C u r r e n t iC ( t)
C a p a c it o r
v o lta g e v ab
t
t1
V
tC
V C(0 )
67
67
Resonant Pulse Commutation

With Accelerating Diode

68
68
T
C
iC ( t)
iC ( t)
IL
2
+
V C(0 )
V
FW D

L
O
A
D
69
69
Diode D2 connected as shown to accelerate

discharge.
T2 turned on to turn off T1.
Once T1 is off at t1. iC(t) flows through D2 until
current reduces to IL at time t2.
From t = t2 , C charges through load, T2 self
commutates.
But thyristor recovery process low hence longer
reverse bias time.
70
70
iC
IL
0
V
0
V 1
V C (O )
t1
t2
tC

71
71
Problem
The circuit in figure shows a resonant pulse
commutation circuit. The initial capacitor
voltage VC(O)=200V, C = 30F and L = 3H.
Determine the circuit turn off time tC, if the
load current IL is 200 A and 50 A.

72
72
iC ( t)
IL
2
+
V C(0 )
V
FW D

L
O
A
D
73
73
When I L 200 A;
Let T2 be triggered at t 0
Capacitor current ic t reaches a value I L at t t1

when T1 turns off
IL
t1 LC sin
VC 0
1
3 10
6
6
1 200
t1 3 10 30 10 sin
3.05 sec
6
200 30 10
1
1
0.105 106 rad / sec

LC
3 106 30 106

74
74
At t t1 the magnitude of capacitor voltage is,

V1 VC 0 cos t1
i.e.,
V1 200 cos 0.105 10 6 3.05 10 6

V1 200 0.9487
V1 189.75 Volts
&
CV1
tc
IL
6
30 10 189.75
tc
28.46 sec
200
75
75
When I L 50 A
6
50
3
10
t1 3 106 30 106 sin 1
0.749 sec
6
200 30 10
V1 200 cos 0.105 106 0.749 10 6 200 1 200 Volts

CV1 30 106 200
tc
120 sec
IL
50
It is observed that as load increases the value of tc reduces.
76
76
Problem
Repeat above problem
For I L 200 A if an antiparallel diode D2 is
connected across thyristor T1 as shown in figure

77
77
iC ( t)
iC ( t)
IL
2
+
V C(0 )
V
FW D

L
O
A
D
78
78
I L 200 A
Let
T2 be triggered at t 0
Capacitor current iC t reaches the value I L at t t1 ,

when T1 turns off
IL
t1 LC sin
VC O
1
3 10
6
6
1 200
t1 3 10 30 10 sin
6
200 30 10
t1 3.05 sec
79
79
1
1
6
6
LC
3 10 30 10
6
0.105 10 radians/sec
At t t1
VC t1 V1 VC O cos t1
VC t1 200 cos 0.105 10 3.05 10

6
VC t1 189.75V

80
80
iC t flows through diode D2 after T1 turns off.

iC t current falls back to I L at t2 .
t2 LC t1
t2 3 10 30 10 3.05 10
6
t2 26.75 sec
1
1
6
6
LC
3 10 30 10
0.105 106 rad/sec.
81
81
At t t2
VC t2 V2 200 cos 0.105 106 26.75 10 6
VC t2 V2 189.02 V
tC t2 t1 26.75 106 3.05 10 6

tC 23.7 secs
82
82
Problem
For the circuit shown in figure calculate the
value of L for proper commutation of SCR.
Also find the conduction time of SCR.
4 F
V
=30V
L
R
30
IL

83
83
The load current

V 30
IL
1 Amp
RL 30
For proper SCR commutation I p ,
the peak value of resonant current i, should be
greater than I L
Let
I p 2I L ,
I p 2 Amps

84
84
Also
V
Ip
C
V
1
L
L
LC
6
4 10
2 30
L
L 0.9mH
1
1
16666 rad/sec
3
6
LC
0.9 10 4 10

85
85

I L
sin
I
p
1
1
sin
16666
16666
1
0.523
radians 0.00022 seconds

16666
0.22 msec
86
86
Problem
For the circuit shown in figure given that the
load current to be commutated is 10 A, turn off
time required is 40sec and the supply voltage
is 100 V. Obtain the proper values of
commutating elements.

87
87
C
V
=100V
IL
IL

88
88
C
I p peak value of i V
& this should be greater than I L
L
Let I p 1.5 I L
C
1.5 10 100
... a
L
Also, assuming that at the time of turn off the capacitor
voltage is approximately equal to V, and the load current
linearly charges the capacitor
CV
tc
seconds
IL
89
89
& this tc is given to be 40 sec.

100
40 10 C
10
C 4 F
Substituting this in equation (a)
6
4 106
1.5 10 100
L
4
6
10
10
1.52 102
L
L 1.777 104 H 0.177 mH

90
90
Problem
In a resonant commutation circuit supply
voltage is 200 V. Load current is 10 A and the
device turn off time is 20s. The ratio of peak
resonant current to load current is 1.5.
Determine the value of L and C of the
commutation circuit.

91
91
Given
Ip
IL
1.5
I p 1.5I L 1.5 10 15 A
C
i.e.,
Ip V
15 A
... a
L
It is given that the device turn off time is 20 sec.
Therefore tc the circuit turn off time should be
greater than this,
Let
tc 30 sec
&

CV
tc
IL
92
92
200 C
30 10
10
C 1.5 F
Substituting in (a)
6
1.5 106
15 200
L
6
1.5
10
2
2
15 200
L
L 0.2666 mH

93
93
Complementary Commutation
(Class C Commutation,
Parallel Capacitor Commutation)

94
94
IL
R
a b
iC
C
T

95
95
Two SCRs are used, turning ON one SCR turns

off the other.
T1 is fired, IL flows through R1.
At same time C charges towards V through R2
with plate b positive.
To turn off T1, T2 is fired resulting in capacitor
voltage reverse biasing T1 and turning it off.
When T2 is fired current through load shoots up
as voltage across load is V+VC
96
96
G a te p u ls e
of T1
IL
G a te p u ls e
of T2
2V
R1
V
C u rr e n t th ro u g h R
C u rr e n t th ro u g h T
V
R1
t
2V
R2
V
R
t
C u rr e n t th ro u g h T
2V
R1
V
R

t
97
97
C u rre n t
th r o u g h R
V o lta g e a c r o s s
c a p a c ito r v ab
t
- V
tC
tC
V o lta g e a c r o s s T
tC
98
98
Expression For
Circuit Turn Off Time tC
vc t V f Vi V f e t
Where V f is the final voltage, Vi is the initial
voltage and is the time constant.
At t tc , vc t 0, V f V , R1C, & Vi V
0 V V V e

tc
R1C
V 2Ve
tc
R1C
99
99
V 2Ve
tc
R1C
; 0.5 e
tc
R1C
Taking natural logarithms on both sides

tc
ln 0.5
R1C
tc 0.693R1C
This time should be greater than the turn off time tq of T1
Similarly when T2 is commutated
tc 0.693 R2C
And this time should be greater than tq of T2

Usually R1 R2 R
100
100
Problem
In the circuit shown in figure, the load
resistances R1 = R2 = R = 5 & the
capacitance C = 7.5 F, V = 100 volts.
Determine the circuit turn off time tC

101
101
V
C
T
The circuit turn-off time

tc 0.693 RC seconds
tc 0.693 5 7.5 10
tc 26 sec

102
102
Problem
Calculate the values of RL and C to be used for
commutating the main SCR in the circuit
shown in figure. When it is conducting a full
load current of 25 A flows. The minimum time
for which the SCR has to be reverse biased for
proper commutation is 40sec. Also find R1,
given that the auxiliary SCR will undergo
natural commutation when its forward current
falls below the holding current value of 2 mA.
103
103
i1
R
IL
R
iC
V
=100V
C
A u x ilia r y
SCR

M a in
SCR
104
104
In this circuit only the main SCR carries the load and
the auxiliary SCR is used to turn off the main SCR.
Once the main SCR turns off the current through the
auxiliary SCR is the sum of the capacitor charging
current iC and the current i1 through R1, iC reduces to
zero after a time tC and hence the auxiliary SCR turns
off automatically after a time tC, i1 should be less than
the holding current.
105
105
Given I L 25 A
i.e.,
V 100
25 A
RL RL
RL 4
tc 40 sec 0.693RLC
i.e.,
40 10 0.693 4 C
6
40 10
C
4 0.693
C 14.43 F

106
106
V
i1
should be less
R1
than the holding current of auxiliary SCR
100
should be 2mA
R1
i.e.,
100
R1
3
2 10
R1 50 K

107
107
Impulse Commutation
(Class D Commutation)
T
T
V
V C(O )
L
IL
C
T
FW D

L
O
A
D
108
108
C charged to a voltage VC(O) with polarity as

shown.
T1 is conducting and carries load current IL.
Capacitor voltage reverse biases T1 and turns it
off.
C Charges through load.
T2 self commutates.
To reverse capacitor voltage T3 is turned ON.
109
109
G a te p u ls e
of T3
G a te p u ls e
of T2
V
G a te p u ls e
of T1
t
C a p a c ito r
v o lta g e
t
tC
-V

110
110
Expression For
Circuit Turn Off Time tC
tc depends on I L & is given by the expression
tc
1
VC I L dt
C0
(assuming the load current to be constant)
I L tc
VC
C
VC C
tc
seconds
IL
For proper commutation tc tq , turn off time of T1

111
111
T1 is turned off by applying a negative voltage across

its terminals. Hence this is voltage commutation.
tC depends on load current. For higher load currents tC
is small. This is a disadvantage of this circuit.
When T2 is fired, voltage across the load is V+VC;
hence the current through load shoots up and then
decays as the capacitor starts charging.
112
112
An Alternative Circuit
For Impulse Commutation
T
i
1
V C (O )
IT1
T
V
+
_
D
L
IL
R

113
113
Initially C is charged to VC with top plate

positive.
T1 is fired, load current IL flows.
C discharges at the same time & reverses its
polarity.
D ensures bottom plate remains positive.
114
114
G a te p u lse
of T 2
G a te p u lse
of T 1
C a p a c ito r
v o l ta g e
- V
tC
T h is i s d u e to i
IT
IL
C u rre n t th ro u g h S C R
V
R L
t

115
115
2V
R L
IL
L o a d c u rre n t
t
t
tC
116
116
Problem
An impulse commutated thyristor circuit is
shown in figure. Determine the available turn
off time of the circuit if V = 100 V, R = 10
and C = 10 F. Voltage across capacitor
before T2 is fired is V volts with polarity as
shown.

117
117
V C(0 )
T

118
118
When T2 is triggered
the circuit is as shown in figure
V C (O )
+
i(t)
C
V

119
119
Writing the transform

circuit, we obtain
1
Cs
V C(0 )
s
I(s)
+
V
s

120
120
Expression for capacitor voltage

is obtained as follows,
1
V VC 0
I S S
1
R
CS
C V VC 0
I S
1 RCS
V VC 0
I S
1
R S
RC
121
121
Voltage across capacitor

1 VC 0
VC s I S
CS
S
1 V VC 0 VC 0
VC s
1
RCS
S
S
RC
VC S
V VC 0
S

V VC 0 VC 0
1
S
S
RC
122
122
VC 0
V
V
VC S
1
S S 1
S
RC
RC
t
t
RC
vc t V 1 e VC 0 e RC
In the given problem VC 0 V
vc t V 1 2e
RC

123
123
The waveform of vC(t)

is shown in figure
V
v C (t)
t
V C(0 )
tC

124
124
At
t tc , vc t 0
0 V 1 2e
tc
tc
RC
1 2e
tc
1
e RC
2
RC

125
125
Taking natural logarithms

tc
1
log e
RC
2
tc RC ln 2
tc 10 10 10 ln 2
6
tc 69.3 sec
126
126
Problem
In the commutation circuit shown in figure
C = 20 F, the input voltage V varies between
180 and 220 V and the load current varies
between 50 and 200 A. Determine the minimum
and maximum values of available turn off time
tC.

127
127
C
V
I0
V C(0 )= V

I0
128
128
It is given that V varies

between 180 and 220 V &
I O varies between 50 and 200 A
The expression for available
turn off time tc is given by
CV
tc
IO
tc is max. when V is max. & I O is min.
129
129
tc max
CVmax
I O min
220
tc max 20 10
88 sec
50
CVmin
tc min
I O max
6
And
tc min
180
20 10
18 sec
200

130
130
External Pulse
Commutation (Class E Commutation)
T

2V
+
A U X
A U X
131
131
T1 is conducting & RL is connected across supply.

T3 is fired & C is charged to 2VAUX with upper
plate positive.
T3 is self commutated.
T2 ON results in a reverse voltage VS 2VAUX
appearing across T1.
132
132
Load Side Commutation

In load side commutation the discharging and
recharging of capacitor takes place through the
load. Hence to test the commutation circuit the
load has to be connected. Examples of load
side commutation are Resonant Pulse
Commutation and Impulse Commutation.

133
133
Line Side Commutation

In this type of commutation the discharging
and recharging of capacitor takes place through
the supply.

134
134
IL
T
_ C
L
FW D
L
O
A
D
_
135
135
Thyristor T2 is fired to charge the capacitor C.

When C charges to a voltage of 2V, T2 is self
commutated. To reverse the voltage of capacitor
to -2V, thyristor T3 is fired and T3 commutates by
itself. Assuming that T1 is conducting and carries
a load current IL thyristor T2 is fired to turn off
T 1.
136
136
The turning ON of T2 will result in forward

biasing the diode (FWD) and applying a
reverse voltage of 2V acrossT1. This turns off
T1, thus the discharging and recharging of
capacitor is done through the supply and the
commutation circuit can be tested without load.

137
137

Thyristor Commutation Techniques: Prof. T.K. Anantha Kumar, E&E Dept., MSRIT

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Thyristor Commutation

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Natural Commutation of Thyristors takes place

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Circuit is under damped by including suitable

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Expression for Current

Fig. shows a transformed network

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is called the natural frequency

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Expression for current

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Expression For Voltage Across

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Applying KVL to figure

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SCR turns off when current goes to zero.

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Therefore at turn off

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Conduction time of SCR

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peak value of current

Conducting time of SCR =

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The transformed circuit of the

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The governing equation is

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Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Turn off occurs at a time 'tO ' so that

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500 35.1 seconds

and the capacitor voltage at turn off is given by

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The expression for i t is given by

The peak capacitor current is

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conduction time of SCR

Substituting the values tan 1

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Resonant Pulse Commutation