SCIENCE

PROJECT WORK
ON
AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS BY,
NAMRATA JANGID
VIII-B
ROLL NO-10
 ANCIENT
AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS
 ANCIENT TOOLS

E HUMANS BEGAN FARMING ABOUT 12,000

YEARS AGO.
E THESE EARLY FARMING TOOLS DATE FROM
ABOUT 6000 BC.
E THE PICTURE PORTRAYS AN AXE (BOTTOM),
USED FOR CLEARING; FLINT SICKLES (LEFT),
USED FOR HARVESTING CEREAL CROPS; A FLAT
ROCK AND ROUNDED STONE (CENTER), USED
 FLINT AS
ANCIENT TOOL

 FLINT WAS WIDELY USED BY EARLY PEOPLE.

 THE STONE IS RELATIVELY COMMON AND
PRODUCES SHARP EDGES WHEN FRACTURED,
MAKING IT IDEAL FOR TOOLS AND WEAPONS.
 THE ADZES (SHOWN LEFT AND MIDDLE) WERE

USED FOR SHAPING WOOD AND THE SICKLE

(SHOWN RIGHT) WAS USED IN HARVESTING
PADDLE SHAPED
AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS
 THE PADDLE SHAPED


AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
TERMED WAUSAU, PINAKI
AND KETU.
 EARLY AGRICULTURAL
MACHINERY

 FROM THE 18TH CENTURY ONWARD, NEW

AGRICULTURAL MACHINES BEGAN TO REPLACE
MORE AND MORE OF THE TRADITIONAL
IMPLEMENTS
E THE SEED DRILL INVENTED BY JETHRO TULL
WAS AN IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT.
 SUCH INVENTIONS HELPED FUEL THE
IMMENSE INCREASE OF FARM PRODUCTIVITY.
 INDIAN PLOUGH

 INDIAN FARMERS USED THIS PLOUGH



DRIVEN ANIMAL FOR TILLING THE SOIL, ADDING

FERTILISERS TO THE CROP, REMOVING THE
WEEDS, SCRAPING OF SOIL, ETC.
 MODERN
AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS
 PLOUGHING BY TRACTORS

 NOWADAYS, PLOUGHING IS DONE BY THE

TRACTORS.
 FARMERS PLOUGH SOIL PRIOR TO
PLANTING TO IMPROVE SOIL STRUCTURE,
HELPING IT TO RETAIN WATER, AND TO
IMPROVE THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOIL’S
 HOE

 IT IS A S IM P L E T O O L W H IC H IS U S E D F O R
R E M O V IN G W E E D S A N D F O R LO O S E N IN G T H E
S O IL .
 HARVESTING
MACHINE

 THIS MACHINE PICKS THE EARS FROM THE

STALKS, REMOVES THE HUSKS, AND SHELLS
THE KERNELS FROM THE COBS.
 MODERN COMBINES CAN PICK, HUSK, AND
SHELL UP TO 13 METRIC TONS (500 BUSHELS)
OF CORN PER HOUR.
 CULTIVATOR

E THE PLOUGHING IS ALSO DONE BY

TRACTOR DRIVEN CULTIVATOR.
E THE USE OF CULTIVATOR SAVES LABOUR
AND TIME.
 LARGE CULTIVATOR

 A LARGE CULTIVATOR IS DRAGGED BEHIND A



TRACTOR TO HELP DESTROY WEEDS AND

LOOSEN THE SOIL IN A CROP FIELD. 
CULTIVATORS BREAK UP THE SURFACE OF THE
SOIL WITH GROUPS OF TEETH OR HOES.
 HAY BALING

 A FARMER IN THE FRANCE, USES A TRACTOR

TO PULL A BALING MACHINE.
 THE MACHINE CONVERTS CUT AND DRIED
HAY INTO LARGE ROUND BALES. HAY CONSISTS
OF GRASSES AND LEGUMES AND IS USED TO
FEED LIVESTOCK.
 SHAPED PARASOILER

E AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR LOOSENING SOIL

WHILE NOT DISTURBING THE TOPSOIL.
E THIS FACILITATES MOISTURE PENETRATION,
IMPROVING DRAINAGE.
 SMALL TOOLS

 SMALL TOOLS ARE USED FOR REMOVAL OF



WEEDS AND UNWANTED CROPS AND CREATION

OF NARROW FURROWS AND SHALLOW
TRENCHES FOR PLANTING.
 CHAFF CUTTER

 HAND AND ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVEN CHAFF



CUTTERS ARE USEFUL FOR CHOPPING UP HAY

AND OAT-STRAW TO FEED FOR HORSES AND
OTHER ANIMALS.
 BED SHAPER

 BED SHAPER IS MACHINE USEFUL FOR



KEEPING THE TOP OF THE SOIL BED LOOSE

FOR PLANTING SEEDS INTO, WHICH IS
ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IN CLAY SOILS. 
 SEED DRILL

 SEED DRILLS CAN PLANT SMALL TO LARGE

SEEDS, SPACED CLOSELY IN THE ROW. 
 THEY SPOUT SEEDS INTO THE FURROW
LIKE A FUNNEL.   
 THEY CAN PICK UP ONE SEED AT A TIME
AND SPACE IT OUT VERY WELL. 
 SPRAYERS

 SPRAYERS ARE VERY EFFECTIVE FOR



SPRAYING WEEDICIDES AND INSECTICIDES.

 LEVELLER

 LEVELLERS ARE
 IDEAL FOR LEVELING,
FILLING, BACK FILLINGS, FARMYARD
CLEARING ETC.
THE END