Internet Applications

AINT001-3-1-IA

Introduction To Internet

Prepared by: Anand & CKT; First Prepared on: 12-07-04 Last Modified on: 28-06-07
Quality checked by: RKK
Copyright 2004 Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology

Topic & Structure of the lesson

Introduction To Internet

What is the Internet

A brief history of the Internet

Technologies involved in the Internet
Things we can do with the Internet
World Wide Web

Internet Applications

Learning Outcomes
Introduction To Internet

At the end of this lesson, YOU will be able to:

Define the Internet.

Describe the technologies involved

in the Internet.
Identify the services provided in the
Internet.
Internet Applications

Key Terms you must be able to use

Introduction To Internet

If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the
following terms correctly in your assignments and exams:

Internet
WWW
TCP/IP
Internet Protocol Address (IP Address)
Packet
DNS
Email
Source : webopedia.com
Internet Applications

What is the Internet

Introduction To Internet

The worldwide, publicly accessible network of

interconnected computer networks
Transmit data by packet switching using the standard
Internet Protocol (IP).
It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of
smaller domestic, academic, business, and
government networks, which together carry various
information and services, such as electronic mail,
online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked Web
pages and other documents of the World Wide Web.
Internet Applications

What is the Internet

Introduction To Internet

Internet Applications

What is the Internet

Introduction To Internet

Internet Applications

The Internet
Introduction To Internet

Internet Applications

The History of the Internet

Introduction To Internet

Internet Applications

The History of the Internet

Introduction To Internet

Internet Applications

Year

Development

1969

Four-node ARPANET established

1970

ARPA hosts and implements NCP

1973

Development of TCP/IP suite

1977

Internet tested using TCP/IP

1978

UNIX distributed to academic/research sites

1981

CSNET established

1983

TCP/IP becomes official protocol for ARPANET

1983

MILNET was born

1986

NSFNET established

1990

ARPANET decommissioned and replaced by

NSFNET

1995

NSFNET goes back to being a research network

The History of the Internet

Introduction To Internet
Terms/ Abbrev.

Internet Applications

Definition

ARPANET

A small network of connected computers by ARPA

ARPA

Advanced Research Projects Agency, part of

Department of Defence, USA

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol.

The protocol suite used for Internet.

CSNET

A network sponsored by National Science

Foundation for universities.

NSFNET

A backbone that connected five supercomputer

centers located throughout the United States
Community

MILNET

Created when ARPANET was split into two

networks. MILNET is for military users and
ARPANET for non-military users.

Terms in the context of Internet Applications

Introduction To Internet

Web browser: software used to "surf" the

Web
Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet
Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera

Web server: hardware and software that

deliver Web pages on demand
Web page: a single HTML document as
displayed by a Web browser
Internet Applications

Growth of Internet
Introduction To Internet

What drove Internet usage?

Email
Instant Messaging
Real time broadcasts
Long distance telephony
What does Internet provide:
Widespread of Integrated Services
More information channels (PDA, Handhelds,
etc)
Internet Applications

Growth of Internet
Introduction To Internet

The large and growing population of the Internet led to many

commercial players to join in the development of the Internet.
Consider the number of companies that would not exist if there was
no Internet.
Consider the number of industries that are based on the Internet.

Internet Applications

Growth of Internet
Introduction To Internet

Due to the amount of commercial players on the Internet, many

different forms of commerce can be found online.
For the 1st time in history, the cost of advertising has been
severely cut.
Small companies can rival major corporations in online marketing.
Due to the ease of reaching large population numbers, many
companies have devised many ways of reaching the public:
Embedding advertisements with free software
Mass emails
Browser pop-ups
Browser banners

Internet Applications

Growth of Internet
Introduction To Internet

With the advent of more value-added services,

the Internet will become a one stop center for
many things:
Education
Entertainment
Medical
Commerce
Law

Who knows what will go online next?

Internet Applications

Growth of Internet
Introduction To Internet

What would our lives be without the Internet?

Information transfer would be one

dimensional.

Information would travel much

slower.

Research and technology would be

slower overall.

Internet Applications

Technologies involved
in the Internet Connection
Introduction To Internet

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet

Protocol
(TCP/IP)
Internet Protocol (IP) Address
Packet
Domain Name System

Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet Connection

(TCP/IP)
Introduction To Internet

Protocol:
A language that computers on the Internet
TCP/IP:
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
Created in the 1970s by US Department of Defense
Aim: to connect a number different networks designed by
different vendors into the Internet.
It was successful because it delivers basic services that
everyone needs (file transfer, electronic mail, remote logon)
across a very large number of client and server
systems.
Internet Applications

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Introduction To Internet

Web Server

Users Web
Browser

The Internet
HTTP
session
www.smallville.mi.us
Internet Applications

HTML

document
user.isp.com

Technologies involved in the Internet Connection

(TCP/IP)
Introduction To Internet

TCP/IP is composed of layers:

IP: Responsible for moving packet of data from
node to node. IP forwards each packet based on
a four byte destination address (the IP number).
TCP: Responsible for verifying the correct
delivery of data from client to server. Data can be
lost in the intermediate network. TCP adds
support to detect errors or lost data and to trigger
retransmission until the data is correctly and
completely received.
Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet

(Packet)
Introduction To Internet

Packet:
A formatted block of information carried by a
computer network.
Computer communications links that do not
support packets, such as traditional point-topoint telecommunications links, simply transmit
data as a series of bytes, characters, or bits
alone.
When data is formatted into a packet, the
network can transmit longer messages more
reliably.
Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet Connection

(TCP/IP)
Introduction To Internet

Characteristics of Operations of TCP/IP:

Each distinct network stands on its own and no internal changes
could be required to any such network to connect it to the Internet.
Communications are on a best effort basis. If a packet does not make
it to the final destination, it would shortly be retransmitted from the
source.
Gateways and routers would be used to connect networks. There
would be no information retained by the gateways about the individual
flows of packets passing through them, thereby keeping them simple
and avoiding complicated adaptation and recovery from various
failure modes.
TCP/IP allowed individual networks to be connected onto the Internet
without any reference to a higher authority. No global control at the
operations level.
Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet

(IP Address)
Introduction To Internet

IP Address (Internet Protocol address):

A computer address
A unique address that certain electronic devices use in
order to identify and communicate with each other on a
computer network
Any participating network device, including routers,
computers, time-servers, printers, Internet fax machines,
and some telephonescan have their own unique
address.
An IP address can also be thought of as the equivalent
of a street address or a phone number for a computer

Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet

(IP Address)
Introduction To Internet

IP address:
is managed by Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority (the entity that oversees global
IP
address allocation, DNS root zone
management, and other Internet protocol
assignments. Administered at the Information
Sciences Institute at the University of Southern
California)

Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet

(IP Address)
Introduction To Internet

IP Address:
uses 32-bit (4 byte) addresses, which
limits the address space to 4,294,967,296
possible unique addresses
Expressed as four numbers between 0
and 255 shown separated by periods
Example: 238.17.159.4

Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet

(Domain Name System)
Introduction To Internet

Domain Name System:

Translate hostnames to IP addresss.
For example, if you want to know the internet
address of en.wikipedia.org, DNS can be used to
tell you it is 66.230.200.100.
Example:
URL with IP address

URL with DNS address

Internet Applications

http://238.17.159.4
http://webspace.apiit.edu.my

Technologies involved in the Internet

(Domain Name System)
Introduction To Internet

DNS takes place transparently in client

applications such as web browsers (like
Opera, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Netscape
Navigator, Internet Explorer, etc.), mail clients
(Outlook Express, Mozilla Thunderbird, etc.),
and other Internet applications.

Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet

(Domain Name System)
Introduction To Internet

Domain Name System:

Usually appear in the name.type.country
format
name refers to the ISPs name
type refers to the type of organization

Internet Applications

Technologies involved in the Internet

(Domain Name System)
Introduction To Internet

Type:

Code

.edu
.com
.gov
.org
.mil

Country:

Type of Organization

------

educational institution
commercial organization
government body
non-profit organization
military

country refers to the country from which

the
ISP operates.
au -- Australia
ca -- Canada
hk -- Hong Kong

Internet Applications

my -- Malaysia
sg -- Singapore
jp -- Japan

What can we do with the Internet?

Introduction To Internet

Main services provided by the Internet:

e-mail

World Wide Web -

Global Information Retrieval System

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

IRC/ICQ (Chat facilities)

Internet Applications

Question and Answer Session

Introduction To Internet

Q&A
Internet Applications