Proiect la dinamica

autovehiculelor

ANUL UNIVERSITAR 2014-2015

1.1 Stabilirea parametrilor constructivi:

Lungimi (mm)
Ampatamentul intre axa 1 si 2
Ampatamentul intre axa 2 si 3
Consola fata
Consola spate
Lungime totala
Latimi (mm)
Ecartament fata
Latime totala
Inaltimi (mm)
Inaltime totala
Garda la sol
Greutati (N)
Greutatea utila (Gu)
Greutatea proprie (G0)
Greutatea totala (Ga)

3300
1375
1360
2390
8520
1970
3170
4180
370
115000
98000
214500

1.2. Stabilirea si repartizarea greutatii pe punti:

Raportul a/L
Raportul b/L

0.6
0.4

Distributia greutatii pe punti

Punte fata G1 (N)

G1 =

71500

Punte spate G2 (N)

G 2 =G 3 =

Ga
2

107250

Coeficient de utilizare a greutatii:

G =

Gu
G0

15200
=
11420

1.1734693878

1.3. Alegerea pneurilor si stabilirea razei dinamice:

Se adopta :
Stabilirea razei dinamice
Coeficientul de deformare a pneului
Se adopta

Pneuri :

= 0.945... 0.95
=

Latimea pneului (B)

315

Din raportul inaltime/latime determinam

H =0 . 8B =0 . 8315 =

Inaltimea pneului (H)

d=22. 525 . 4=

Diametrul interior (d)

D=d+ 2 H =571. 5+2252=

Diametrul exterior (D)

rn=

Raza nominala (rn)

d
571. 5
+H =
+ 252=
2
2

r= r n = 0 . 95537 . 75 =

Raza de lucru (r)

d
571. 5
r s = + H ( 1K )=
+252( 10. 14 )=
2
2

Raza statica (rs)

r d = r s= 0 . 95502 . 47=

Raza dinamica (rd)

1.4. Calculul caracteristici externe a motorului Pe ,Me, c , C = f(n)

Puterea max.
Turatia max.
Raza de rulare
Aria supraf. frontale
Coef. de rezist aerodinamica
Coord. centru masa
Unghiul rampei max.
Coef. rezist. la rulare
Coef. de aderenta
Rand. transmisiei
Coef. elasticitate
Coef. adaptabilitate
Coef. aerodinamic

Pe= Pm 1

Pm (W)
nm(rot/min)
r (m)
S (m2)
K(kg/m3)
a
(grade)
f
f
tr
c
k
Cx

n
n
+ 2
nm
nm

M e= M m 1 + 2

( )

( )]
n
(n ) ]

+ 3

n
+ 3
nm

n
nm

unde 1, 2, 3 sunt parametrii dependenti de coeficientul de elasticitate al motorului c, si se calculeaza :

1=

3 4 c
2c
1
; 2=
; 3 =
;
2( 1 c )
2( 1c )
2( 1c )

1=

3 4 c
2c
1
; 2=
; 3 =
;
2( 1 c )
2( 1c )
2( 1c )

Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate in tabelul 1.1, 1.2. si diagrama 1.1

1=

3 4 c
3 40. 6
=
=
2( 1 c ) 2(10 . 6 )

0.75

2=

2c
20 . 6
=
=
2( 1 c ) 2( 10 . 6 )

1.50

1
1
=
=
2( 1 c )
2( 10 . 6)

-1.25

3 =

c e = c min

Ce =

n (rot/min)
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1650
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2350
2400
2500
2600
2700
2750
2800
v max

Turatia de moment maxim (nM)

Momentul maxim (MM) :
Turatia de putere maxima (nm)

c eP e
1000

Pe (KW)
74.80
83.72
92.64
101.50
110.23
118.76
127.03
131.04
134.96
142.51
149.60
156.16
162.13
167.44
172.03
174.04
175.84
178.79
180.82
181.87
182.00
0.00
2

n M =cn m =0 . 62800=
758.39
2750

Momentul la puterea maxima (Mm):

Pm

21210 3
M m= =
=
=
n n 3 . 142800
30
30

Caracteristica externa
Me (Nm)
900.00

800.00

700.00

600.00

500.00

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

Pm

200.00

100.00

0.00
1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

n rot/min

1.5. Stabilirea vitezei maxime a autovehiculului

Se calculeaza din bilantul de putere pe un drum orizontal rezultand

o ecuatie de gradul III care rezolvata prin metoda analitica da urmatoarea solutie :

Factorul

A=

Factorul

B=

G .f
a

KA

trPm
KS

2677000. 02
=
0 . 0313 . 25

0 . 8212000
=
0 . 0313 . 25

417599 .3606
v max=
+
2
3

417599. 3606
2

13182 . 94208 3 3 417599 . 3

+

3
2

) (

Rezultatele sunt prezentate in tabelul 1.3.

Viteza maxima

1.6. Determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere

Se determina din conditia obtinerii vitezei max. in priza directa a cutiei de viteze cu relatia:
Raportul de transmitere al reductorului central

io=

rn max
30i cdi cvmaxv max

3 . 140 . 482800
=
301129 . 69

Raportul de transmitere pentru treapta I:

G a maxr
M M tri0

i K
I

nm G m r
M M tri 0

Coeficientul maxim al rezistenei totale a drumului:

max = fcos max +sin max =0 . 02cos 17 0 +sin 17 0 =

2677000 . 310 . 48
1 . 21966300 . 80
i K I
867 . 580 . 84, 74
867 . 080 . 84, 74
6.2438987106

iK
I

iK =

Se adopt:

Numr de trepte:

q = n 1 i K =7 =1 . 32

Raia:

i K I I =i K I q

( 21)

i K I I I =i K I q

=10 . 2

( 31)

= 6 . 94

( 4 1)

i K IV =i K q

= 4, 72

iK

iK

=i K

q( 5 1 ) =3 . 21
( 61 )

VI

=i K q iK I =
I

= 2, 18

i K VII =i K I q( 71 ) =1, 48

i K VII =i K I q

( 71 )

=1, 48

( 81 )

=1, 01

i K V III = i K I q

iKI=
iKII=
iKIII=
iKIV=
iKV=
iKVI=
iKVII=
iKVIII=

Turaia minim de schimbare a treptelor:

n(rot/min)

Pe (kW)
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2083.33
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2750

74.80
83.72
92.64
101.50
110.23
118.76
127.03
134.96
142.51
149.60
156.16
161.17
162.13
167.44
172.03
175.84
178.79
180.82
181.87
182.00

n(rot/min)

Pe (kW)
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2083.33
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2750

200.00

180.00

160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00

74.80
83.72
92.64
101.50
110.23
118.76
127.03
134.96
142.51
149.60
156.16
161.17
162.13
167.44
172.03
175.84
178.79
180.82
181.87
182.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
500

1000

Pe (kW)

Me(Nm)

VVII (m/s)

VIII. (m/s)

I. (m/s)

1500
II. (m/s)

III. (m/s)

dinamica
culelor

Autobasculanta MAC
Pn=182 KW
nm=2750 rot/min
Masa utila: 11,5 t

Student: Turca Adelin

Sectia: AR
Grupa :1124

2014-2015

a=
b=

5112 mm
3408 mm

Greutatea pe o roata in puntea fata (N)

N

Gr 1 =

G1
2

35750

Greutatea pe o roata in puntea spate (N)

N

315/80 R 22.5

0.95

Gr 2 =

G2
8

13406.25

mm

H
=0. 8
B

8315 =

252 mm
571.5 mm

=571. 5+2252=

1075.5 mm

d
571. 5
+H =
+ 252=
2
2

5537 . 75 =

510.8625 mm

( 10. 14 )=

0.51

502.47 mm

5502 . 47=

477.3465 mm

182000
2750
0.50
13.25
0.37
5112
12
0.012
0.8
0.8
0.60
1.20
0.6

al motorului c, si se calculeaza :

1
;
c )

537.75 mm

0.47

1
;
c )
Tabelul1.2.
Coeficientii alfa
1=
2=
3=
1+2+3=

0.75
1.50
-1.25
1.00

c eP e
1000

Me (Nm)
714.25
726.79
737.23
745.59
751.86
756.04
758.13
758.39
758.13
756.04
751.86
745.59
737.23
726.79
714.25
707.20
699.63
682.91
664.11
643.22
631.99
0.00
B

c (g/kWh)
203.51
200.00
197.17
194.96
193.33
192.26
191.73
191.67
191.73
192.26
193.33
194.96
197.17
200.00
203.51
205.54
207.76
212.85
218.88
225.98
230.00
500.00

800.00

700.00

600.00

500.00

400.00

300.00

200.00

100.00

0.00
900

M =cn m =0 . 62800=

Nm
rot/min

Tabelul 1.1
C (kg/h)
15.22
16.74
18.27
19.79
21.31
22.83
24.35
25.12
25.88
27.40
28.92
30.44
31.97
33.49
35.01
35.77
36.53
38.05
39.58
41.10
41.86
50.00

1650 rot/min

1100

1300

Pm

Pm

21210 3
M m=
=
=
=
n n 3 . 142800
30
30

erna

631.99 Nm

Me (Nm)
c (g/kWh)
C (kg/h)
Pe (KW)

200.00

180.00

160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

40.00

20.00

1800

2000

n rot/min

2200

2400

2600

0.00

2800

3000

528.1548517524

29875.4259577087

82 . 94208 3 3 417599 . 3606

+
3
2

m/s
25.43

417599 .3606
2

Tabelul 1.3.
km/h
91.55

i de viteze cu relatia:

0 . 482800
=
129 . 69

icdn=1
icvmax=1
5.78

13182. 94208 3
+
=
3

)(

nM

1.2

7 0 +sin 17 0 =

0.2

. 21966300 . 80 . 48
67 . 080 . 84, 74
14.9853569055

=1 . 32

6 . 94

= 4, 72

=3 . 21

, 18

5.3

4.01

3.04

2.3

1.74

1.32

1.00

Treapta de vitez
1
2
3
4
5
6

Rap.trans. iK
7.00
5.30
4.01
3.04
2.30
1.74

7
8

1.32
1.00

nmin =

Me(Nm)
714.31
726.84
737.29
745.65
751.91
756.09
758.18
758.18
756.09
751.91
745.65
738.83
737.29
726.84
714.31
699.68
682.96
664.16
643.27
632.04

n max
q
I. (m/s)
1.30
1.43
1.56
1.69
1.82
1.95
2.08
2.21
2.34
2.47
2.60
2.71
2.73
2.86
2.99
3.12
3.25
3.38
3.51
3.58

2750
=
1 . 32
II. (m/s)
1.89
2.06
2.23
2.41
2.58
2.75
2.92
3.09
3.27
3.44
3.58
3.61
3.78
3.95
4.13
4.30
4.47
4.64
4.73

2083.33

III. (m/s)
2.27
2.50
2.73
2.95
3.18
3.41
3.64
3.86
4.09
4.32
4.54
4.73
4.77
5.00
5.23
5.45
5.68
5.91
6.13
6.25

Me(Nm)
142.86
145.37
147.46
149.13
150.38
151.22
151.64
151.64
151.22
150.38
149.13
147.77
147.46
145.37
142.86
139.94
136.59
132.83
128.65
126.41

I. (m/s)

II. (m/s)

III. (m/s)

2.71
2.73
2.86
2.99
3.12
3.25
3.38
3.51
3.58

3.58
3.61
3.78
3.95
4.13
4.30
4.47
4.64
4.73

4.73
4.77
5.00
5.23
5.45
5.68
5.91
6.13
6.25

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

5.00

00
I. (m/s)

1500
II. (m/s)

III. (m/s)

2000
IV.(m/s)

V. (m/s)

2500
VI. (m/s)

0.00
3000

76.10909091
83.72
91.33090909
98.94181818
106.5527273
114.1636364
121.7745455
125.58
129.3854545
136.9963636
144.6072727
152.2181818
159.8290909
167.44
175.0509091
178.8563636
182.6618182
190.2727273
197.8836364
205.4945455
209.3
250
0
1100

1300

1500

1700

1900

2100

2300

2500

270

200.00

180.00

160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

40.00

20.00

0.00

3000

25.43

rot/min

IV.(m/s)
3.00
3.30
3.60
3.90
4.20
4.50
4.80
5.09
5.39
5.69
5.99
6.24
6.29
6.59
6.89
7.19
7.49
7.79
8.09
8.24

V. (m/s)
3.96
4.36
4.75
5.15
5.55
5.94
6.34
6.73
7.13
7.53
7.92
8.25
8.32
8.71
9.11
9.51
9.90
10.30
10.70
10.89

VI. (m/s)
5.24
5.76
6.28
6.81
7.33
7.85
8.38
8.90
9.42
9.95
10.47
10.91
11.00
11.52
12.04
12.57
13.09
13.61
14.14
14.40

VVII (m/s)
6.90
7.59
8.28
8.97
9.66
10.35
11.04
11.73
12.42
13.11
13.80
14.38
14.49
15.18
15.87
16.56
17.25
17.95
18.64
18.98

VIII. (m/s)
9.11
10.02
10.93
11.84
12.75
13.67
14.58
15.49
16.40
17.31
18.22
18.98
19.13
20.04
20.95
21.87
22.78
23.69
24.60
25.05

IV.(m/s)

V. (m/s)

VI. (m/s)

VVII (m/s)

VIII. (m/s)

6.24
6.29
6.59
6.89
7.19
7.49
7.79
8.09
8.24

8.25
8.32
8.71
9.11
9.51
9.90
10.30
10.70
10.89

10.91
11.00
11.52
12.04
12.57
13.09
13.61
14.14
14.40

14.38
14.49
15.18
15.87
16.56
17.25
17.95
18.64
18.98

18.98
19.13
20.04
20.95
21.87
22.78
23.69
24.60
25.05

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

5.00

0.00
3000

200.00
180.00
160.00
140.00
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00

2500

2700

0.00
2900

Me
(Nm)
c
(g/kWh)
C (kg/h)

2.1 Calculul variatiei fortei de tractiune factorului dinamic, acceleratie

functie de viteza pentru toate treptele din cutia de viteza

FR

M e i o i k n tr
r
2

i trtr
g
k =1 + I m

+
Ga
r2

( F R kAV 2 )
D=
Ga
Turaia
n (rot/min)
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2750

VVI (m/s)

Puterea
Pe (Kw)
85.275
95.476
105.691
115.848
125.875
135.699
145.248
154.449
163.230
171.518
179.242
186.328
192.704
198.299
203.038
206.850
209.663
211.404
211.849

FR (N)

r2

Ga

0.4 kgm2

Im
I R

25 kgm2

Moment
Me (Nm)
814.378
828.904
841.124
851.038
858.647
863.950
866.948
867.640
866.026
862.106
855.880
847.349
836.512
823.370
807.922
790.168
770.108
747.743
735.695

V.I (m/s)
1.302
1.432
1.562
1.692
1.822
1.952
2.082
2.213
2.343
2.473
2.603
2.733
2.863
2.993
3.124
3.254
3.384
3.514
3.579

FR (N)
45993.277
46813.655
47503.815
48063.756
48493.478
48792.981
48962.265
49001.331
48910.178
48688.806
48337.215
47855.406
47243.377
46501.130
45628.664
44625.980
43493.076
42229.954
41549.561

Treapta Vl
D

aa (m/s2)

1/aa (s2/m)

Treapta I
D
0.214
0.218
0.221
0.224
0.226
0.227
0.228
0.228
0.228
0.227
0.225
0.223
0.220
0.217
0.213
0.208
0.203
0.197
0.194

VVII (m/s)

5.236
5.760
6.283
6.807
7.330
7.854
8.378
8.901
9.425
9.948
10.472
10.996
11.519
12.043
12.566
13.090
13.614
14.137
14.399

11432.615
11636.537
11808.091
11947.276
12054.093
12128.541
12170.620
12180.331
12157.673
12102.646
12015.251
11895.487
11743.354
11558.852
11341.982
11092.743
10811.136
10497.160
10328.034

0.053
0.054
0.055
0.056
0.056
0.057
0.057
0.057
0.057
0.056
0.056
0.055
0.055
0.054
0.053
0.052
0.050
0.049
0.048

0.518
0.527
0.535
0.541
0.546
0.549
0.551
0.551
0.550
0.548
0.544
0.538
0.532
0.523
0.513
0.502
0.489
0.475
0.468

1.932
1.898
1.871
1.849
1.833
1.821
1.815
1.814
1.817
1.825
1.839
1.857
1.881
1.911
1.948
1.991
2.043
2.104
2.139

6.902
7.592
8.282
8.973
9.663
10.353
11.043
11.733
12.424
13.114
13.804
14.494
15.184
15.875
16.565
17.255
17.945
18.635
18.980

Variaia forei la roata n funcie de vitez

100000.000
V.I (m/s)
VII (m/s)
VIII
(m/s)
VIV
(m/s)
VV
(m/s)
VVI
(m/s)
VVII
(m/s)
VVIII
(m/s)

Fr[N]

80000.000

60000.000

40000.000

20000.000

0.000
0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

V[m/s]

20.000

25.000

30.000

0.000
0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

V[m/s]

20.000

25.000

30.000

Variaia factorului dinamic n funcie de vitez

0.300

0.200

0.100

0.000
0.000

5.000

10.000

V.I (m/s)

VII (m/s)

VIII (m/s)

VVI (m/s)

VVII (m/s)

VVIII (m/s)

15.000
VIV (m/s)
V[m/s]

20.000
VV (m/s)

25.000

30.000

1/aa

td

Sd

V (m/s)
1.302
1.432
1.562
1.692
1.822
1.952
2.082
2.213
2.343
2.473
2.603
2.733
2.863
2.993
3.124
3.254
3.384
3.514
3.579
3.610
3.782
3.954
4.126
4.297
4.469
4.641
4.727
4.771
4.998
5.226
5.453
5.680
5.907
6.134
6.248
6.294

(s2/m)
0.518
0.508
0.501
0.495
0.491
0.488
0.486
0.486
0.487
0.489
0.492
0.497
0.504
0.512
0.522
0.533
0.547
0.564
0.573
0.635
0.644
0.654
0.666
0.681
0.699
0.720
0.732
0.824
0.834
0.848
0.864
0.883
0.906
0.933
0.949
1.410

(s)
0.337
0.404
0.469
0.534
0.598
0.662
0.725
0.789
0.852
0.915
0.979
1.044
1.109
1.175
1.242
1.311
1.381
1.453
1.490
1.509
1.619
1.730
1.844
1.960
2.078
2.200
2.263
2.297
2.485
2.676
2.871
3.069
3.272
3.481
3.588
3.642

(m)
0.219
0.310
0.409
0.514
0.627
0.747
0.875
1.011
1.155
1.308
1.470
1.642
1.824
2.018
2.223
2.442
2.676
2.925
3.056
3.123
3.529
3.960
4.419
4.907
5.427
5.983
6.275
6.437
7.357
8.334
9.372
10.476
11.654
12.912
13.574
13.911

1.429
1.451
1.479
1.512
1.552
1.598
1.624
1.857
1.881
1.911
1.948
1.991
2.043
2.104
2.139
1.857
1.881
1.911
1.948
1.991
2.043
2.104
2.139
4.656
4.772
4.922
5.109
5.343
5.635
6.001
4.785
5.165
5.273
5.410
5.410
5.792

4.067
4.499
4.938
5.386
5.845
6.317
6.559
6.693
7.433
8.184
8.948
9.729
10.528
11.349
11.769
11.974
12.953
13.946
14.956
15.987
17.043
18.129
18.685
19.008
22.262
25.607
29.069
32.676
36.465
40.481
42.342
43.097
47.852
52.719
57.648
62.751

16.652
19.561
22.654
25.945
29.454
33.203
35.174
36.282
42.588
49.282
56.396
63.968
72.040
80.663
85.199
87.439
98.456
110.152
122.583
135.812
149.916
164.983
172.908
177.581
225.865
277.818
333.965
394.963
461.646
535.093
570.095
584.490
677.626
777.388
882.923
996.827

1200.000

1000.000

Sd [m]

6.593
6.893
7.193
7.492
7.792
8.092
8.242
8.318
8.715
9.111
9.507
9.903
10.299
10.695
10.893
10.996
11.519
12.043
12.566
13.090
13.614
14.137
14.399
14.494
15.184
15.875
16.565
17.255
17.945
18.635
18.980
19.132
20.043
20.954
21.866
22.777

800.000

600.000

400.000

600.000

400.000

200.000

0.000
0.000

V=

rn
30i0i cv

PR = P e tr = Pr + P p +

Turaia
n
[rot/min]
1000

FR
[N]
45993.277

Treapta I
Viteza I
[m/s]
1.302

PR
[kW]
59.861

FR
[N]
34823.481

Treapta II
Viteza II
[m/s]
1.719

1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800

FR
[N]
11432.615
11636.537
11808.091
11947.276
12054.093
12128.541
12170.620
12180.331
12157.673
12102.646
12015.251
11895.487
11743.354
11558.852

46813.655
47503.815
48063.756
48493.478
48792.981
48962.265
49001.331
48910.178
48688.806
48337.215
47855.406
47243.377
46501.130
45628.664
44625.980
43493.076
42229.954
41549.561

Treapta VI
Viteza I
[m/s]
5.236
5.760
6.283
6.807
7.330
7.854
8.378
8.901
9.425
9.948
10.472
10.996
11.519
12.043

1.432
1.562
1.692
1.822
1.952
2.082
2.213
2.343
2.473
2.603
2.733
2.863
2.993
3.124
3.254
3.384
3.514
3.579

PR
[kW]
59.861
67.022
74.193
81.323
88.361
95.257
101.960
108.419
114.584
120.402
125.824
130.798
135.274
139.201

67.022
74.193
81.323
88.361
95.257
101.960
108.419
114.584
120.402
125.824
130.798
135.274
139.201
142.528
145.204
147.178
148.400
148.713

FR
[N]
8673.018
8827.718
8957.862
9063.451
9144.484
9200.962
9232.884
9240.251
9223.062
9181.318
9115.018
9024.162
8908.751
8768.785

35444.625
35967.174
36391.129
36716.490
36943.257
37071.429
37101.008
37031.992
36864.382
36598.177
36233.379
35769.986
35207.999
34547.417
33788.242
32930.472
31974.108
31458.953

Treapta VII
Viteza II
[m/s]
6.902
7.592
8.282
8.973
9.663
10.353
11.043
11.733
12.424
13.114
13.804
14.494
15.184
15.875

1.891
2.063
2.235
2.407
2.578
2.750
2.922
3.094
3.266
3.438
3.610
3.782
3.954
4.126
4.297
4.469
4.641
4.727

PR
[kW]
59.861
67.022
74.193
81.323
88.361
95.257
101.960
108.419
114.584
120.402
125.824
130.798
135.274
139.201

11341.982
11092.743
10811.136
10497.160
10328.034

12.566
13.090
13.614
14.137
14.399

142.528
145.204
147.178
148.400
148.713

8604.262
8415.185
8201.551
7963.363
7835.060

16.565
17.255
17.945
18.635
18.980

142.528
145.204
147.178
148.400
148.713

mic, acceleratiei si inversul acceleratiei

delta1
delta 2
delta 3
delta 4
delta 5
delta 6
delta 7
delta 8

1.089
1.053
1.033
1.021
1.014
1.010
1.008
1.007

3 4c
3 4 0.5

2(1 c )
2(1 0.5 )

2c
2 0 .5

2(1 c )
2(1 0.5 )

1
1

2(1 c )
2(1 0.5 )

io=

g( D f )
a a=
k
Treapta I
a (m/s2)
1.932
1.967
1.996
2.019
2.037
2.050
2.057
2.059
2.055
2.046
2.031
2.011
1.985
1.954
1.917
1.875
1.827
1.774
1.746

FR (N)

rn max

30i cdi cvmaxv

1/a (s2/m)
0.518
0.508
0.501
0.495
0.491
0.488
0.486
0.486
0.487
0.489
0.492
0.497
0.504
0.512
0.522
0.533
0.547
0.564
0.573

VII (m/s)
1.719
1.891
2.063
2.235
2.407
2.578
2.750
2.922
3.094
3.266
3.438
3.610
3.782
3.954
4.126
4.297
4.469
4.641
4.727

FR (N)
34823.481
35444.625
35967.174
36391.129
36716.490
36943.257
37071.429
37101.008
37031.992
36864.382
36598.177
36233.379
35769.986
35207.999
34547.417
33788.242
32930.472
31974.108
31458.953

Treapta II
D
0.162
0.165
0.168
0.170
0.171
0.172
0.173
0.173
0.173
0.172
0.171
0.169
0.167
0.164
0.161
0.158
0.154
0.149
0.147

Treapta Vll
D

aa (m/s2)

1/aa (s2/m)

VVIII (m/s)

8673.018
8827.718
8957.862
9063.451
9144.484
9200.962
9232.884
9240.251
9223.062
9181.318
9115.018
9024.162
8908.751
8768.785
8604.262
8415.185
8201.551
7963.363
7835.060

0.040
0.041
0.042
0.042
0.043
0.043
0.043
0.043
0.043
0.043
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.041
0.040
0.039
0.038
0.037
0.037

ez

2.500

5.029
4.858
4.722
4.618
4.541
4.489
4.460
4.453
4.468
4.507
4.568
4.656
4.772
4.922
5.109
5.343
5.635
6.001
4.785

9.111
10.022
10.933
11.844
12.755
13.666
14.577
15.488
16.399
17.310
18.221
19.132
20.043
20.954
21.866
22.777
23.688
24.599
25.054

Variaia acceleraiei n funcie de v

2.000

a(m/s2)

V.I (m/s)
VII (m/s)
VIII
(m/s)
VIV
(m/s)
VV
(m/s)
VVI
(m/s)
VVII
(m/s)
VVIII
(m/s)

0.199
0.206
0.212
0.217
0.220
0.223
0.224
0.225
0.224
0.222
0.219
0.215
0.210
0.203
0.196
0.187
0.177
0.167
0.209

1.500

1.000

0.500

30.000

0.000
0.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

V(m/s)

20.00

0.000
0.000

30.000

10.000

15.000

V(m/s)

20.00

Inversul acceleraiilor n funcie

vitez

5.000

5.000

1/a [s2/m]

3.000

2.500

2.000

1.500

1.000
30.000
0.500

0.000
0.000
V.I (m/s)
VVIII (m/s)

5.000
VII (m/s)

10.000
VIII (m/s)

VIV (m/s)

15.000

VVV[m/s]
(m/s)

VVI (m/s

Variaia timpului de demaraj n funcie de vitez

100.000

td [s]

80.000

60.000

40.000

20.000

0.000
0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

V [m/s]

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

Variaia spaiului de demaraj n funcie de vitez

1200.000

Sd [m]

1000.000

800.000

600.000

400.000

600.000

400.000

200.000

0.000
0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

V (m/s)

P e tr = Pr + P p + Pa + Pd =G a fv a cos +G a v a sin + KSv

Treapta II
PR
[kW]
59.861

FR
[N]
26347.577

Treapta III
Viteza III
[m/s]
2.272

3+

G a v a

g
t
Treapta IV

PR
[kW]
59.861

FR
[N]
19974.223

67.022
74.193
81.323
88.361
95.257
101.960
108.419
114.584
120.402
125.824
130.798
135.274
139.201
142.528
145.204
147.178
148.400
148.713

26817.537
27212.900
27533.666
27779.835
27951.408
28048.383
28070.762
28018.545
27891.730
27690.319
27414.311
27063.706
26638.505
26138.706
25564.311
24915.319
24191.731
23801.963

FR
[N]
6570.468
6687.665
6786.259
6866.251
6927.640
6970.426
6994.609
7000.190
6987.168
6955.544
6905.316
6836.487
6749.054
6643.019

Treapta VIII
Viteza III
[m/s]
9.111
10.022
10.933
11.844
12.755
13.666
14.577
15.488
16.399
17.310
18.221
19.132
20.043
20.954

2.499
2.726
2.954
3.181
3.408
3.635
3.862
4.090
4.317
4.544
4.771
4.998
5.226
5.453
5.680
5.907
6.134
6.248

PR
[kW]
59.861
67.022
74.193
81.323
88.361
95.257
101.960
108.419
114.584
120.402
125.824
130.798
135.274
139.201

67.022
74.193
81.323
88.361
95.257
101.960
108.419
114.584
120.402
125.824
130.798
135.274
139.201
142.528
145.204
147.178
148.400
148.713

20330.502
20630.228
20873.402
21060.025
21190.095
21263.612
21280.578
21240.991
21144.853
20992.162
20782.919
20517.124
20194.777
19815.877
19380.425
18888.422
18339.866
18044.381

6518.381
6375.140
6213.297
6032.851
5935.652

21.866
22.777
23.688
24.599
25.054

142.528
145.204
147.178
148.400
148.713

Bilanul de puteri
200.000

180.000

P [KW]

160.000

140.000

120.000

100.000

80.000

60.000

40.000

20.000

0.000
0.000

5.000

10.000

V [m/s]

15.000

Treapta de viteza

4 0 .5

0.5 )

0.75

2 0.5

1 0 .5 )

1.5

2(1 0.5 )

-1.25

rn max
30i cdi cvmaxv max

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

3 . 140 . 482800
=
301129 . 69

pta II
a (m/s2)
1.512
1.539
1.562
1.581
1.595
1.605
1.610
1.611
1.608
1.601
1.590
1.574
1.554
1.529
1.501
1.468
1.430
1.389
1.366

FR (N)

1/a (s2/m)
0.661
0.650
0.640
0.633
0.627
0.623
0.621
0.621
0.622
0.625
0.629
0.635
0.644
0.654
0.666
0.681
0.699
0.720
0.732

Treapta Vlll
D

VIII (m/s)
2.272
2.499
2.726
2.954
3.181
3.408
3.635
3.862
4.090
4.317
4.544
4.771
4.998
5.226
5.453
5.680
5.907
6.134
6.248

FR (N)
26347.577
26817.537
27212.900
27533.666
27779.835
27951.408
28048.383
28070.762
28018.545
27891.730
27690.319
27414.311
27063.706
26638.505
26138.706
25564.311
24915.319
24191.731
23801.963

aa (m/s2)

1/aa (s2/m)

4.74

V=
Treapta III
D
0.123
0.125
0.127
0.128
0.130
0.130
0.131
0.131
0.131
0.130
0.129
0.128
0.126
0.124
0.122
0.119
0.116
0.113
0.111

r
30i0

6570.468
6687.665
6786.259
6866.251
6927.640
6970.426
6994.609
7000.190
6987.168
6955.544
6905.316
6836.487
6749.054
6643.019
6518.381
6375.140
6213.297
6032.851
5935.652

0.031
0.031
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.032
0.032
0.032
0.031
0.031
0.030
0.030
0.029
0.028
0.028

0.182
0.187
0.191
0.195
0.198
0.200
0.201
0.201
0.200
0.199
0.197
0.194
0.190
0.185
0.179
0.173
0.165
0.157
0.153

5.509
5.352
5.226
5.129
5.057
5.008
4.980
4.974
4.989
5.025
5.083
5.165
5.273
5.410
5.581
5.792
6.049
6.365
6.549

i n funcie de vitez

15.000

V(m/s)

20.000

25.000

30.000

15.000

V(m/s)

20.000

25.000

30.000

iilor n funcie de vitez

15.000

VVV[m/s]
(m/s)

20.000
VVI (m/s)

VVII (m/s)

25.000

30.000

td (s)
70.000

60.000

50.000

40.000

30.000

20.000

10.000

0.000
0.000

de vitez

000

16.000

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

e de vitez
Sd (m)
1200.000

1000.000

800.000

600.000

400.000

200.000

0.000
0.000

5.000

10.000

00

200.000

0.000
0.000

14.000

5.000

16.000

Panta

12.0
10.3
8.6
7.0
5.3
3.6
1.9
0

Coeficient

0.220
0.191
0.161
0.133
0.104
0.075
0.045
0.012

Ga va

g
t
Treapta IV
Viteza IV
[m/s]
2.997

PR
[kW]
59.861

FR
[kW]
15112.077

Treapta V
Viteza V
[m/s]
3.961

PR
[kW]
59.861

10.000

3.297
3.596
3.896
4.196
4.495
4.795
5.095
5.394
5.694
5.994
6.294
6.593
6.893
7.193
7.492
7.792
8.092
8.242

67.022
74.193
81.323
88.361
95.257
101.960
108.419
114.584
120.402
125.824
130.798
135.274
139.201
142.528
145.204
147.178
148.400
148.713

15381.630
15608.396
15792.377
15933.571
16031.979
16087.601
16100.437
16070.487
15997.750
15882.228
15723.919
15522.824
15278.943
14992.275
14662.822
14290.582
13875.556
13651.998

4.357
4.753
5.149
5.546
5.942
6.338
6.734
7.130
7.526
7.922
8.318
8.715
9.111
9.507
9.903
10.299
10.695
10.893

67.022
74.193
81.323
88.361
95.257
101.960
108.419
114.584
120.402
125.824
130.798
135.274
139.201
142.528
145.204
147.178
148.400
148.713

nul de puteri

m/s]

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
V
V
V
I
V
I
I
V
I
I
I
p
1
p
2

15.000

20.000

25.000

Raport transmitere
7.00
5.30
4.01
3.04
2.30
1.74
1.32
1.00

V=

rn
30i0i cv

eapta III
a (m/s2)
1.167
1.188
1.205
1.220
1.230
1.238
1.242
1.243
1.241
1.235
1.227
1.214
1.199
1.180
1.158
1.132
1.104
1.072
1.054

1/a (s2/m)
0.857
0.842
0.830
0.820
0.813
0.808
0.805
0.804
0.806
0.809
0.815
0.824
0.834
0.848
0.864
0.883
0.906
0.933
0.949

VIV (m/s)
2.997
3.297
3.596
3.896
4.196
4.495
4.795
5.095
5.394
5.694
5.994
6.294
6.593
6.893
7.193
7.492
7.792
8.092
8.242

FR (N)
19974.223
20330.502
20630.228
20873.402
21060.025
21190.095
21263.612
21280.578
21240.991
21144.853
20992.162
20782.919
20517.124
20194.777
19815.877
19380.425
18888.422
18339.866
18044.381

Treapta IV
D
0.093
0.095
0.096
0.097
0.098
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.099
0.098
0.097
0.096
0.094
0.092
0.090
0.088
0.086
0.084

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

5.000

10.000

alfa=12/I
Pr+Pa+Pp
[kW]
61.332

15.000

20.000

alfa=10/II
Pr+Pa+Pp
[kW]
70.307

alfa=5/III
Pr+Pa+Pp
[kW]
78.714

25.000

alfa=0/IV
Pr+Pa+Pp
[kW]
85.685

V
Pr+Pa+Pp
[kW]
88.644

67.467
73.604
79.741
85.879
92.017
98.157
104.298
110.440
116.583
122.728
128.873
135.020
141.169
147.318
153.470
159.623
165.778
168.856

77.343
84.381
91.421
98.462
105.506
112.552
119.601
126.652
133.705
140.762
147.821
154.884
161.949
169.019
176.091
183.168
190.248
193.790

86.599
94.487
102.379
110.276
118.178
126.085
133.997
141.915
149.840
157.771
165.709
173.653
181.606
189.566
197.535
205.512
213.498
217.495

94.284
102.892
111.509
120.136
128.774
137.424
146.086
154.762
163.453
172.158
180.879
189.616
198.371
207.143
215.935
224.746
233.578
238.002

97.579
106.533
115.509
124.509
133.535
142.587
151.669
160.781
169.926
179.106
188.322
197.577
206.871
216.207
225.587
235.012
244.484
249.239

apta IV
a (m/s2)
0.895
0.911
0.924
0.935
0.943
0.949
0.953
0.953
0.952
0.947
0.940
0.931
0.919
0.905
0.888
0.868
0.846
0.822
0.808

1/a (s2/m)
1.118
1.098
1.082
1.069
1.060
1.053
1.050
1.049
1.051
1.056
1.063
1.074
1.088
1.105
1.126
1.152
1.182
1.217
1.237

VV (m/s)
3.961
4.357
4.753
5.149
5.546
5.942
6.338
6.734
7.130
7.526
7.922
8.318
8.715
9.111
9.507
9.903
10.299
10.695
10.893

FR (N)
15112.077
15381.630
15608.396
15792.377
15933.571
16031.979
16087.601
16100.437
16070.487
15997.750
15882.228
15723.919
15522.824
15278.943
14992.275
14662.822
14290.582
13875.556
13651.998

Treapta V
D
0.070
0.072
0.073
0.074
0.074
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.074
0.073
0.072
0.071
0.070
0.068
0.067
0.065
0.064

a (m/s2)
0.681
0.694
0.704
0.712
0.719
0.723
0.725
0.726
0.725
0.721
0.716
0.709
0.700
0.689
0.676
0.661
0.644
0.626
0.616

1/a (s2/m)
1.467
1.442
1.421
1.404
1.392
1.383
1.378
1.377
1.380
1.386
1.396
1.410
1.429
1.451
1.479
1.512
1.552
1.598
1.624

VI
VII
VIII
Pr+Pa+Pp Pr+Pa+Pp Pr+Pa+Pp
[kW]
[kW]
[kW]
84.67179 68.443858 27.136231

93.300575
101.97553
110.70086
119.48076
128.31942
137.22105
146.18983
155.22998
164.34568
173.54113
182.82054
192.18809
201.64799
211.20444
220.86162
230.62374
240.495
245.47287

75.658398
82.978696
90.414367
97.975026
105.67029
113.50976
121.50307
129.65982
137.98963
146.50211
155.20688
164.11356
173.23175
182.57107
192.14114
201.95157
212.01197
217.13891

30.701197
34.509404
38.582965
42.943992
47.614599
52.616897
57.973001
63.705022
69.835073
76.385268
83.37772
90.83454
98.777841
107.22974
116.21234
125.74776
135.85812
141.13581

t1=
to=

0.5
0.7

alfa=

Tipul drumului
Asfalt uscat

0.8
f
0.018

Drum de pamant

0.6
f
0.025

Asfalt umed

0.4
f
0.02

Sf [m]

Sf [m] cu Fa

So [m]

0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
26.03

0
0.56077701
2.24310805
5.04699311
8.9724322
14.0194253
20.1879725
27.4780736
35.8897288
42.2178419

0
0.56073491
2.24243462
5.04358557
8.96167023
13.9931746
20.1335986
27.3774697
35.7183586
41.9809771

0
4.16077701
9.44310805
15.8469931
23.3724322
32.0194253
41.7879725
52.6780736
64.6897288
73.4538419

8.025
8.029
8.040
8.060
8.087
8.123
8.166
8.217
8.276
8.321

0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
26.03

0
0.73394495
2.93577982
6.60550459
11.7431193
18.3486239
26.4220183
35.9633028
46.9724771
55.2547115

0
0.73387284
2.9346264
6.59966924
11.7246936
18.3036921
26.3289813
35.7912315
46.6795022
54.8499053

0
4.33394495
10.1357798
17.4055046
26.1431193
36.3486239
48.0220183
61.1633028
75.7724771
86.4907115

6.131
6.133
6.140
6.151
6.167
6.187
6.211
6.240
6.274
6.299

0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
26.03

0
1.09217999
4.36871997
9.82961992
17.4748799
27.3044998
39.3184797
53.5168196
69.8995194
82.2242731

0
1.0920203
4.36616646
9.81670539
17.4341191
27.2051597
39.1129263
53.1369607
69.2533638
81.3320999

0
4.69217999
11.56872
20.6296199
31.8748799
45.3044998
60.9184797
78.7168196
98.6995194
113.460273

4.120
4.122
4.129
4.140
4.156
4.176
4.200
4.229
4.263
4.288

2.256

v [m/s]

af [m/s2]

Zapada batatorita

0.2
f
0.03

3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
26.03

1.99441564
7.97766254
17.9497407
31.9106502
49.8603909
71.7989629
97.7263662
127.642601
150.148673

1.99388323
7.96915313
17.9067382
31.7750774
49.5304521
71.1174405
96.4694848
125.509559
147.208597

5.59441564
15.1776625
28.7497407
46.3106502
67.8603909
93.3989629
122.926366
156.442601
181.384673

2.259
2.265
2.276
2.292
2.312
2.337
2.365
2.399
2.424

af =g

j+ f +

kSv
G

)
KAv

Sf =

d ' Ga
2 KAg

( j+ f ) cos sin +
ln
( j+ f ) cos sin +

G
KAv

2
1

V 1 V 2
1
S f min =

2g ( f + )cos +sin

Sfmin [m]

Variatia spatiului minim de franare (Sfmin

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

10

v [m/s] 20

15

25

Variatia spatiului de oprire (S0) functie

S0 [m]

200
180
160
140

Variatia spatiului de oprire (S0) functie

200

S0 [m]

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

10

15

20

v [m/s]

Deceleratia
9.000

af [m/s2]

8.000
7.000

6.000
5.000

4.000

3.000
2.000

1.000

0.000
0

10

15

v [m/s]

20

25

1.000

0.000
0

10

15

v [m/s]

20

25

ranare (Sfmin) functie de viteza

/s] 20

Asfalt uscat cu
Fa
Drum de
pamant cu Fa
Asfalt umed cu
Fa
Zapada
batatorita cu Fa
Asfalt uscat
Drum de
pamant

25

30

e (S0) functie de viteza

e (S0) functie de viteza

Asfalt uscat
Drum de
pamant
Asfalt umed

20

25

30

Fi=0.8;
f=0.018
Fi=0.6;
f=0.025

20

25

30

20

25

30

6. CALCULUL STABILITATII AUTOBASCULANTEI

Stabilitatea autobasculante proprietatea acesteia de a se opune alunecarii

6.1 Stabilitatea transversala
- stabilitatea de derapare:
Viteza limita de deplasare (pentru viraj cu raza constanta si viteza constanta),

vd =

gRv( y +tg )

Unde: unghiul de inclinare transversala al virajului

y coeficientul stabilitatii transversale a autocamionului

1 ytg

Conditia producerii deraparii inaintea resturnarii este: Vd<Vr

- stabilitatea de rasturnare
Viteza critica de resturnare apare in momentul in care rotile de pe aceeasi parte a autobasculantei incepe
contactul cu calea de rulare

v cr =
R
g
Fi
Beta
hg
B

B
+tg r
2h g
Rvg
B
1
tg r
2hg
-raza de curbura
-acceleratia gravitationala
-coeficient de aderenta
-unghiul de inclinare transversal al drumului
-inaltimea centrului de greutate
-ecartamentul

vcd=sqrt(gR(Fi+tgBeta)/(1-FitgBeta))
vcr=sqrt(gR(B/2hg+tgBeta)/(1-BtgBeta/2hg)

Raza
[m]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240

=0.2
4.43
6.26
7.67
8.86
9.90
10.85
11.72
12.53
13.29
14.01
14.69
15.34
15.97
16.57
17.16
17.72
18.26
18.79
19.31
19.81
20.30
20.78
21.24
21.70

Viteza critica de derapare

[m/s]
=0.4
=0.6
6.26
7.67
8.86
10.85
10.85
13.29
12.53
15.34
14.01
17.16
15.34
18.79
16.57
20.30
17.72
21.70
18.79
23.02
19.81
24.26
20.78
25.45
21.70
26.58
22.59
27.66
23.44
28.71
24.26
29.71
25.06
30.69
25.83
31.63
26.58
32.55
27.30
33.44
28.01
34.31
28.71
35.16
29.38
35.98
30.04
36.79
30.69
37.59

=0.8
8.86
12.53
15.34
17.72
19.81
21.70
23.44
25.06
26.58
28.01
29.38
30.69
31.94
33.15
34.31
35.44
36.53
37.59
38.62
39.62
40.60
41.55
42.49
43.40

Viteza critica de derapare

Vcd[m/s]

50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00

.2

25.00

.4

20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0

300

50

100

R[m]

200
Vcr[m/s]

200

Viteza critica de rasturnare

250

150

100

50

150

R[m]

250

100

50

0
0

10

R[m]

15

20

25

30

BASCULANTEI

ia de a se opune alunecarii, patinarii si rasturnarii.

stanta si viteza constanta), fara aparitia deraparii este:

y +tg )

ytg

e a autobasculantei incepe sa piarda

9.81
0.8

m/s2

1.3
2

m
m

Beta)/(1-FitgBeta))
+tgBeta)/(1-BtgBeta/2hg))

Viteza critica de rasturnare

[m/s]
11.29
15.97
19.56
22.59
25.25
27.66
29.88
31.94
33.88
35.71
37.45
39.12
40.72
42.25
43.74
45.17
46.56
47.91
49.22
50.50
51.75
52.97
54.16
55.32

=0
.2
=0
.4

250

re

Vcr

25

30