TugasTutorial1

RisetOperasiSemesterGenap2015/2016

Tugas dikerjakan berkelompok, satu kelompok terdiri atas 4 orang. Batas pengumpulan
tugastutorialiniadalah
Sabtu,28Mei2016pukul23.55diSCeLE
Yangdikumpulkanadalahfile.zip/.raryangberisi:
(1) dokumen .pdf berisi
screenshot langkahlangkah pengerjaan dan jawaban dari
pertanyaan;serta
(2) dokumen .xls/.xlsx penyelesaian masalah dengan Solver disertai laporan Answer dan
Sensitivity.

1. FabricsandFallFashions
From the tenth floor of her office building, Katherine Rally watches the swarmsof New
Yorkers fight their way through the streets infested with yellow cabs and thesidewalks littered
withhotdogstands.OnthisswelteringJulyday,shepaysparticularattentiontothefashionsworn
bythe variouswomenandwonderswhattheywillchooseto wearinthefall.Herthoughtsarenot
simply random musings; theyare critical to her work sincesheownsandmanagesTrendLines,an
elitewomensclothingcompany.
Today is an especially important day because she must meet with Ted Lawson, the
production manager, to decide upon next months production plan forthe fallline.Specifically,
she must determine the quantity of each clothing item she should produce given the plants
production capacity, limited resources,anddemandforecasts.Accurateplanningfornextmonths
production iscritical to fallsales since theitemsproducednextmonthwillappearinstoresduring
September, and women generally buy themajority of thefall fashions when they first appear in
September.
She turns back to her sprawlingglass desk and looks at the numerouspapers covering it.
Her eyesroam across theclothingpatterns designed almostsix months ago,thelistsofmaterials
requirementsfor each pattern,andthe listsof demand forecasts foreachpatterndeterminedby
customersurveysatfashion shows.Sheremembersthehecticandsometimesnightmarishdaysof
designing the fall line andpresentingitatfashionshowsinNewYork,Milan,andParis.Ultimately,
she paidher teamof six designers a totalof $860,000fortheirworkonherfallline.Withthecost
of hiring runway models, hair stylists, and makeup artists,sewing and fittingclothes,buildingthe
set, choreographing and rehearsing the show,and renting the conference hall, each of the three
fashionshowscostheranadditional$2,700,000.
She studiesthe clothing patternsand material requirements. Her falllineconsistsofboth
professionalandcasual fashions. She determined the prices for each clothing item bytakinginto
account the quality and cost of material, the cost of labor and machining, the demand for the
item,andtheprestigeoftheTrendLinesbrandname.Thefallprofessionalfashionsinclude:


Thefallcasualfashionsinclude:

She knows that for the next month, she has ordered 45,000 yards of wool, 28,000 yards of
acetate, 9,000 yards of cashmere, 18,000 yards of silk, 30,000 yards of rayon, 20,000 yards of
velvet,and30,000yardsofcottonforproduction.Thepricesofthematerialsareasfollows:

Any material that isnot usedinproductioncanbesentbacktothetextilewholesalerfor a

fullrefund,althoughscrapmaterialcannotbesentbacktothewholesaler.
She knows thatthe production ofboth the silk blouse andcotton sweaterleavesleftover
scraps of material. Specifically, for the production of one silk blouse or one cotton sweater, 2
yards of silk and cotton,respectively,areneeded. From these 2yards, 1.5 yards are used forthe
silkblouse or the cottonsweaterand 0.5 yardisleftasscrapmaterial.Shedoesnotwanttowaste
the material, so she plans to use therectangularscrap ofsilk orcotton toproduceasilkcamisole
or cotton miniskirt, respectively. Therefore, whenever a silk blouse isproduced, a silkcamisoleis
also produced. Likewise, whenever a cotton sweater is produced, a cotton miniskirt is also
produced. Note that it is possible to produce asilkcamisolewithoutproducingasilkblouseanda
cottonminiskirtwithoutproducingacottonsweater.

Thedemandforecastsindicatethatsomeitemshavelimiteddemand.Specifically,because
the velvet pants and velvet shirts are fashion fads, TrendLines has forecastedthat it cansellonly
5,500 pairs of velvet pants and 6,000 velvet shirts. TrendLines does not want to produce more
than the forecasted demand because once the pants and shirts go out of style, the company
cannot sell them. TrendLines can produce less than the forecasted demand, however, since the
company is not required to meet the demand. The cashmere sweater also has limited demand
because it is quiteexpensive, and TrendLinesknows it cansell at most4,000cashmere sweaters.
Thesilk blouses andcamisoleshavelimiteddemandbecausemanywomenthinksilkistoohardto
care for, and TrendLines projects that it can sell at most 12,000 silk blouses and 15,000 silk
camisoles.
Thedemand forecasts alsoindicate thatthe wool slacks, tailoredskirts,andwoolblazers
have a great demand because they are basic items needed in every professional wardrobe.
Specifically,thedemandforwoolslacksis7,000pairsofslacks,andthedemandforwoolblazersis
5,000 blazers. Katherine wants to meet at least 60 percent of the demandfor these twoitems in
order to maintain her loyal customer base and not lose business in the future. Although the
demand for tailoredskirtscould not be estimated, Katherine feelssheshouldmakeatleast2,800
ofthem.
(a)
Ted istrying to convince Katherine not to produceanyvelvetshirts since the demandforthis
fashionfad isquite low. He arguesthat this fashionfad alone accountsfor $500,000 of the fixed
designand other costs. The net contribution(priceof clothing item _ materials cost _ laborcost)
from selling the fashion fad should cover these fixed costs. Each velvet shirt generates a net
contribution of $22. He argues that given the net contribution, even satisfying the maximum
demandwillnotyieldaprofit.WhatdoyouthinkofTedsargument?
(b)
Formulate and solve a linearprogramming problem to maximize profit giventhe production,
resource, and demandconstraints.Beforeshemakesherfinaldecision,Katherineplanstoexplore
thefollowingquestionsindependentlyexceptwhereotherwiseindicated.
(c)
The textile wholesaler informs Katherine that the velvet cannot be sent back because the
demand forecasts show that the demand for velvet will decrease in the future. Katherine can
thereforegetnorefundforthevelvet.Howdoesthisfactchangetheproductionplan?
(d)
What is an intuitive economic explanationfor thedifference between the solutions foundin
parts(
b
)and(
c
)?
(e)
Thesewing staff encounters difficulties sewing the armsandliningintothewoolblazerssince
the blazer pattern has an awkward shape and the heavywoolmaterialis difficulttocutandsew.
The increased labor time to sew a wool blazer increases the labor and machine cost for each
blazer by$80. Given thisnewcost,howmanyofeachclothingitemshouldTrendLinesproduceto
maximizeprofit?


2.PostOptimalityAnalysis
Di awal semester ganjil 2015/2016, Tim Dosen Mata Kuliah Statprob merencanakan perekrutan
calonasisten dosen untuk 5kelasStatprobyangdiperkirakanjumlahmahasiswanyalebihdari250
orang. Diketahui bahwa honor per jam asisten dosen S1 adalah 25.000 dan asisten dosen S2
adalah 30.000. Tim dosen akan menggunakan LP untuk memutuskan berapaorang asdosS1 dan
S2yangakandirekrutagartotalhonornantinyamenjadiminimal.
BerikutiniadalahmodelyangdibuatolehTimDosenStatprob
MinimizeZ=25x
+30x
1
2
Subjectto
20x

250
1+30x

(constraintjumlahmahasiswa)

x
+x
12
1
2

(Constraintjumlahasdosyangdibutuhkan)

2x

15
1+x

2

(constraintdurasisistensimingguandalamjam)

Andx

0
1,x

2
x
1 menyatakan banyaknya asdos S1, dan x
2 menyatakan banyak asdos S2 yang akan direkrut. Z
adalahhonortotalsemuaasdosStatprobperjam(dalamribuanrupiah)
Gunakan Solveruntukmenanganipermasalahandiatas.dengan solusidansensitivityanalysisyang
dihasilkansolver,jawablahpertanyaanpertanyaandibawahini(sertakanscreenshot)
a. BerapakahjumlahasdosS1danSyangakandirekrut?Berapakahtotalhonornya?
b. Apakahkoefisienprofitc
jbersifatsensitive?Jelaskan.

c. Jika jumlah mahasiswa ternyata

lebih sedikit 10 orang dengan jumlah resources lainnya
tetap,apakahbiayayangdikeluarkanakaberubah?Jikaya,tentukanbesarperubahannya.
d. Jika jumlah asdos
dikurangi menjadi 10 orang dengan jumlah resources lainnya tetap,
apakahbiayayangdikeluarkanakanberubah?Jikaya,tentukanbesarperubahannya.

3.PerusahaanPupukKomposPakArief
PerusahaanpupukPakAriefbarusajamenandatanganikontrakuntukmenyediakanpupuk
komposbagi3lokasiladangpertanianmilikpakSaqib.Jumlahpupukkomposyangbisadiperoleh
dari3peternakanpakAriefadalahsebagaiberikut:
KapasitasMingguan
Peternakan

Meterkubik

100

200

200

Sementaraitu3ladangpertanianmilikpakSaqibmembutuhkanpupukkompostiapminggunya
sebagaiberikut:
PermintaanMingguan
Ladang

Meterkubik

50

150

300

PakArieftelahmengkalkulasibiayapengirimanbagitiaprutenyasebagaiberikut(dalamrupiah):
Sumber

Biayapermeterkubikkepeternakantujuan
Ladang1

Ladang2

Ladang3

PeternakanA

4.000

2.000

8.000

PeternakanB

5.000

1.000

9.000

PeternakanC

7.000

6.000

3.000

a.

Formulasikanmasalahdiatasmenjadi
transportationproblem
denganmenyusunparameter
tableyangsesuai
b.

TampilkantransportationproblemtersebutpadaExcelspreadsheet
c.

GunakanExcelSolveruntukmemperolehsolusioptimalbagipermasalahandiatas

4.ProjectPickings
This case focuses on a series of applications of the assignment problem for a pharmaceutical
manufacturing company. The decision has been made to undertake five research and
development projects to attempt to develop new drugs that will treat five specific types of
medical ailments. Five senior scientists are available to lead these projects as projectdirectors.
The problem now is to decide on how to assign thesescientists to the projectson aonetoone
basis.Avarietyoflikelyscenariosneedtobeconsidered.
Tazer, a pharmaceutical manufacturing company, entered the pharmaceutical market 12 years
ago with the introduction of six new drugs. Five of the six drugs were simply permutations of
existing drugs and therefore did not sell very heavily. The sixth drug, however, addressed
hypertension and was a huge success. Since Tazer had a patent on the hypertension drug, it
experiencednocompetition,andprofitsfromthehypertensiondrugalonekeptTazerinbusiness.
Duringthepast12years, Tazercontinueda moderateamount ofresearchanddevelopment, butit
never stumbled upon a drug as successful as the hypertension drug. One reason is that the
company neverhadthe motivationtoinvestheavilyininnovativeresearchanddevelopment.The
company wasridingthe profit wave generated byitshypertensiondruganddidnotfeeltheneed
tocommitsignificantresourcestofindingnewdrugbreakthroughs.
Now Tazer isbeginningtofear the pressure ofcompetition.Thepatentforthehypertensiondrug
expires in 5 years,1 and Tazer knows that once the patent expires, generic drug manufacturing
companies will swarm into the market like vultures. Historical trends show that generic drugs
decreasedsalesofbrandeddrugsby75percent.
Tazer is therefore looking to invest significant amounts of money in research anddevelopment
this year to begin the search foranew breakthrough drug that will offer thecompanythe same
success as the hypertension drug. Tazer believes that if the company beginsextensive research
and development now, theprobability of finding asuccessful drug shortly after the expiration of
thehypertensionpatentwillbehigh.
As headofresearchanddevelopmentatTazer,youareresponsibleforchoosingpotentialprojects
and assigning project directors to lead each of the projects. After researching the needs ofthe
market, analyzing the shortcomings of current drugs, and interviewing numerous scientists
concerning thepromising areas of medicalresearch, youhave decided that your departmentwill
pursuefiveseparateprojects,whicharelistedbelow:

Project Up Develop an antidepressant that does not cause seriousmood swings. Project Stable
Develop a drug that addresses manicdepression. Project Choice Develop a less intrusive birth
control method for women. Project Hope Develop a vaccine to prevent HIV infection. Project
ReleaseDevelopamoreeffectivedrugtolowerbloodpressure.
For each of thefive projects, youare only able tospecifythemedicalailmenttheresearchshould
address,sinceyoudonotknowwhatcompoundswillexistandbeeffectivewithoutresearch.
You also have five senior scientists to lead the five projects. You know that scientists are very
temperamental people and will work well only if they are challenged and motivated by the
project.Toensurethatthesenior scientistsareassignedtoprojectstheyfindmotivating,youhave
established abidding system forthe projects. You havegiven each ofthe five scientists 1000 bid
points.Theyassign bidsto eachproject,givingahighernumberofbidpointstoprojectstheymost
prefer to lead. The followingtableprovides the bids from the fiveindividual seniorscientists for
thefiveindividualprojects:
Youdecidetoevaluateavarietyofscenariosyouthinkarelikely.
(a) Given thebids, you needtoassign oneseniorscientisttoeachofthefiveprojectstomaximize
thepreferencesofthescientists.Whataretheassignments?
(b) Dr. Rollins is being courted byHarvardMedical Schoolto accepta teaching position. You are
fighting desperately to keep her at Tazer, but the prestige of Harvard may lure heraway. Ifthis
were tohappen,the company wouldgiveuptheprojectwiththeleastenthusiasm.Whichproject
wouldnotbedone?
(c) You do not want to sacrifice any project, since researching only four projectsdecreasesthe
probability of finding a breakthrough new drug. You decide that either Dr. Zuner or Dr.Mickey
could lead two projects. Under these new conditions with just four senior scientists, which
scientistswillleadwhichprojectstomaximizepreferences?
(d) After Dr. Zunerwas informedthat she and Dr. Mickey are beingconsidered fortwo projects,
she decided to change her bids. The following table shows Dr. Zuners new bids for each ofthe
projects:
Under these new conditions with just four scientists, whichscientists will lead which projects to
maximizepreferences?
(e)Doyousupporttheassignmentfoundinpart(d)?Whyorwhynot?