CHAPTER 2

CELL DIVISION

CELL CYCLE

Both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes show cell cycle ,with

growth, mitosis and cell division.
The cycle consist of :-

i.

Mitotic phase(M)

ii.

Interphase consist of
-gap 1(G1) when the cell prepare for chromosome replication
-synthesis(s) when DNA replicates and new chromosome are formed
-Gap 2(G2) when the cell prepare for mitosis and cell division

MITOSIS cell division which take place in somatic cell which involve in
dividing nucleolus to produce 2 diploid daughter cell

Prophase

- mitotic spindle form

-replicated centrioles for aster
- nuclear evelope break down

Metaphase

- nuclear evelope disappeared

-formation of spindle fibre
- centrosome move to opposite poles and line up at metaphase plate

Anaphase

- shortest stage
-mitotic cell pull sister chromatid apart at centresome

Telophase

- mitotic spindle break down and disappeared

- nuclear reform
-nuclear evelope from around the set of chromosome
-choromosome uncoil

MITOSIS

MEIOSIS

process of gametogenesis with the cell division called meiosis

celled meiosis , occur only in gonads(testes&ovaries)

PROPHASE 1
Leptonema

- chromosome condense & thicken

- chromatids remain invisible

Zygonema

-synapsis occur
-homologous chromosome pair

Pachynema

-synapsis complete
- pair of chromosome twist each other and crossing over occur

Diplonema

- chromosome begin to come apart and visible

-separating the chromosome & chiasmata appear

Diakenesis

- chromosome shorter & thicken

- nucleus disappear
- nuclear envelope break down

Metaphase 1- homologous pair of double stranded chromosome line up along the

metaphase plate

Anaphase 1

- homologous chromosome separate and pulled to the

of the cell
- sister chromatid remain attached.

Telophase 1 - complete the migration to the poles

- nuclear envelope form
- nucleus reappear

opposite pole

CYTOKINESIS COMPOSED 2 SISTER CHORMATIDS

- 2 DAUGHTER CELL PASS SHORT RESTING PHASE AT INTERPHASE
- NO DNA REPLICATION TAKE PLACD\E

Prophase 2

- spindle form
- nucleolus disappeared
-chromosome condense

Metaphase 2 - homologous chromosome line up at metaphase plate

- each chromosome consist of 2 non identification sis chromatid
- sister chromatid attached to spindle fibre extended from opposite

Anaphase 2 - centromeres split ,sister chromatid separate

- move to opposite pole

Telophase 2 - chromosome at opposite pole

- chromosome uncoil
- nuclear envelope reform and nucleolus appear

CYTOKINESIS CLEAVAGE FURROW FORM , CYTOPLASME DIVIDE TO PRODUCE 2

HAPLOID CELL OF EACH HAPLOID CELL