Please answer the following questions shortly!

A doctor works in a Public Health Center (PHC) in Sragen recorded data of patients with
Anemia. Amongst 10.000 people living in the PHC area in 2013, 60% of them were female.
In 2013, there were 500 cases of anemia, 100 in male, while 400 happened in female. Before
2013, the nurse recorded another 1000 cases of anemia had happened most of them (80%)
happened in female).
1. From the paragraph, please calculate
a. Cummulative incidence of anemia in 2013
b. Prevalence of anemia in the end of 2013
2. From the paragraph, please calculate
a. Odds ratio of female vs male for developing anemia in 2013
b. Risk ratio of male vs female for developing anemia in all time
3. Explain the difference of :
a. Neonatal mortality rate and infant mortality rate
b. Fertility rate and birth rate
c. Endemic and epidemic
Indonesia is planning to implement a policy to require female age 10-14 years of age to be
vaccinated for HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) which is the most important etiology for
cervical cancer. The purpose of this vaccination is to protect this population from exposure to
HPV which usually occurs after first sexual experience (teenager). Cervical cancer is the
second most common cancer in Indonesia in female after breast cancer. The policy also
requires female age > 40 years old to be examined with pap smear for early detection of
disease.
4. Draw a simple diagram explaining the natural history of disease, and types of
prevention that can be done for each stage!

Vitri Widyaningsih, dr., MS.Page 1