The Nervous System

11.4 Nerve Impulses

How does a nervous system signal move from one
cell to the next?
It literally jumps by way of a ___________________
Chemical transmitter
Electrical
Nerve impulses are _______________
in nature
A dierence in electrical charge
They result from ______________________
Across the
_______________plasma
membrane of a neuron
This difference in electrical charge come about
Ions
by way of _______
(electrically charged atoms or
molecules)

11.4 Continued

Resting Potential
Rest
A neuron at ________
is not actively transmitting nerve
impulses, but is ready to transmit one
Sodium - potassium pump
During this state, the ____________________________
maintains a difference in charge across the cell
membrane
ATP
Uses _______
to pump Na+ out of cell & K+ into cell
charged
End result: inside of resting neuron Negatively
_________
charged outside
___________________compared to Positively
________________
outside
This difference in electrical charge is called the
Resting potential
_______________________

Resting Potential

11.4 Continued
Action Potential
Nerve impulse
A ___________________
is a sudden reversal of the
electrical charge across the membrane of a resting
neuron.
Action
The reversal of charge is called an __________
potential
Na+ allowed to flow back into the cell
Positively
Inside becomes more ______________
charged
Rapidly
This ripples down the axon very ___________
as
an electric current

Action Potential

Glutamate helps with memory

11.4 Continued
Synapse
The ______________
The place where an axon terminal meets another cell
The axon terminal & other cell are separated by a
Synaptic cleft
narrow space called a _______________________
Action potential
When _________________
reaches axon terminal, it
releases molecules of a chemical called a
Neurotransmitter
_____________________
Neurotransmitter
_____________________
travels across synaptic
Receptors
cleft & bind to _____________
on the membrane of
the other cell
Starts action potential in next neuron

Synapse

11.5 Central Nervous System

Central nervous system ( CNS )
The _______________________________
Includes brain & spinal cord
Brain
___________
Complex
Most __________
organ of the human body
Control center of the nervous system
Billion
Contains 100 ____________
neurons
Three major parts
Cerebellum
Cerebrum, ______________
& brain stem

3 Major Parts

Cerebral
cortex

Cerebrum

Forebrain

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Pons
Medulla
oblongata
Cerebellum

Spinal
cord

11.5 Continued

Parts of the Brain

Cerebrum
_______________
Largest part of the brain
Reasoning
Controls conscious functions like _____________,
Sight
language, _________,
touch & hearing
Divided into two hemispheres or halves
Axons
Connected by a thick bundle of ________
deep
within the brain
Hemisphere
Each ____________
further divided into
Four
_______
lobes

11.5 Continued
Four Lobes of Cerebrum
Frontal
_____________
lobe
Processes smell with olfactory bulb & contains the motor
cortex, which is important in planning & reasoning
Parietal
________________
lobe
Located at top of brain and is responsible for speech &
reading
Occipital
________________
lobe
Located in back of brain & is responsible for vision
Temporal lobe
______________
lobe
Located at base of brain & involved in interpreting sounds

Four Lobes

11.5 Continued
Medulla oblongata
_________________________
Controls majority of bodys involuntary actions such
as breathing, heart beat & blood flow
Thalamus
__________________
Acts as gateway to & from the motor cortex
Receives motor & sensory inputs from body
Consciousness
Regulates states of sleep & ____________________
Hypothalamus
____________________
Controls body temperature, water intake & energy
Homeostatic
expenditure (_________________
controls)

Parts of Brain

11.5 Continued
Pons
_________
Acts as a relay system between the medulla oblongata,
cerebrum & cerebellum
Cerebellum
___________________
Balance
Coordinates body movements like _____________
Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons
throughout the body
Brain stem
______________
Lowest part of brain
Spinal cord
Connects rest of brain with _______________
& passes nerve
impulses between the brain & spinal cord
Controls unconscious functions such as heart rate & breathing

11.5 Continued
Spinal cord
_____________________
Thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue
Brainstem
Extends from ___________
& continues down
Pelvis
the center of the back to the __________
Vertebrae
Protected by ____________
(which encase it)
Serves as information superhighway
The body
Passes messages from __________
to
The brain
The brain
___________&
from ________________to
Body
____________