Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Nursery
and Management
ROMULO L. CENA
USMARC Director
Director and
and Plant
Plant Breeder
Breeder
USMARC
USM, Kabacan,
Kabacan, Cotabato
Cotabato
USM,
E-mail address:
address: romulo55cena@yahoo.com
romulo55cena@yahoo.com
E-mail
Contact No.
No. 09207338887
09207338887
Contact
Nursery
Is a specially established area where
plants are nursed and raised for later
planting
A nursery operator can make money
once grafted rootstock seedling are sold
to interested cacao grower.
To ensure success in cocoa farming, we
must plants healthy grafted seedling on
the right age, right time and right place
NURSERY PLANNING
AND SELECTION
ESTABLISHING AND
MANAGING
NURSERIES
and
nursery,
NURSERY MATERIALS
4m
2m
Small Nursery
Nursery layout
Install an effective drainage
30
cm
Polybag Spacing
Gap between row: 30 cm
Distance of pathway: 70 cm
5 bags/line
70
cm
WATER SUPPLY
Water needs to be readily available
of sufficient quantity and good
quality. The standard amount of
water moisture to be maintained in
the seedlings potting mix is 5% of
the seedlings bags volume.
PLANTING MEDIA
Types of Bags
Black plastic bags of thin wall thickness
are preferred.
Do not use clear plastic bags as this
promotes algae growth.
Use the smaller bag for short nursery
periods of less than fiver months.
Use the bigger bag if you expect plant will
be in the nursery for five months or
longer.
ESTABLISHM
ENT OF
BUDWOOD
GARDEN
4. Maintenance of
Budwood/Scion Grove
Budwood Garden/Scion Grove can be
utilized for longer period of time (10-15
years) when it is properly maintained.
Periodic pruning is needed to remove
unwanted branches especially those that
are weak and small which are not good
materials for propagation.
Removal of fruits that develop from the
main stem and branches is also
necessary
for
proper
growth
and
development of the plant.
BUDWOOD/SCION GROVE
BUDWOOD COLLECTION
BUDWOOD PRESERVATION
SEED PROPAGATION
Nursery
a) Use of big seeds variety as seed stock such
as UIT 1, UF 18, S5 & 246-A.
b) Use of 6 x10, 8 x10 polyethylene bag.
c) Loam to sandy loam top soil as potting
medium.
d) Combination of several potting materials.
Open
the
pods
using a wooden
mallet. Do not use a
knife as you may cut
the seed.
Remove the seed
from
pods
and
separate seeds from
placenta and pulp.
Discard any flat
seed,
damaged
seed or very small
A range of seeds
suitable for planting.
Pre-germination of seeds
Healthy
and
properly
prepared seedling, emerging
from potting mix, about 1014 days after seed sowing
into the bag.
3-month old
seedlings ready for grafting
Vegetative Propagation
refers to the techniques we use to produce a
cloned plant. A cloned plant is identical to the
plant from which it is derived.
ROOTSTOCK
SCION
CACAO SEEDLING
PROPAGATED
GRAFTED CACAO
GRAFTING TOOLS
Methods of Vegetative
Propagation in Cacao
Patch Budding, Community nodal
grafting,
Side grafting,
Conventional cleft grafting,
Somatic embryogenesis
Patch budding
Seedlings are ready for patch budding when these have
attained pencil size or have attained a girth of 6 to 7 mm.
Bud only seedlings that are in flush. The bark should
snap-off easily.
Before budding, tag each row indicating the clone to be
budded. Use five clones per block to minimize pollen
scarcity and clonal incompatibility.
Cut across polypropylene or polyethylene bags into
strips as wrapping materials. A bag measuring 12 x 16
inches usually generates 12 to 14 pieces of tapes.
Side grafting
using tube or
tents
CUTTING OF ROOTSTOCK
TAPE PREPARATION
INCISION OF ROOTSTOCK
WEDGING OF SCION
CLEFT GRAFTING
TAPING
COVERING
Grafting of seedlings
Grafted seedlings
ready for planting
Top Grafting
Price /scion: P 2.00
Grafting/alive: P 2.00
Growth
deformity
of graft
Grafting Disease/
Rejection
Grafting a
dormant bud
Insected damaged
graft
Seedling rots
Seedling blight
Seedling blight
Seedlings
mortality
No. of
seedlings
alive
A 1000
seedlings
nursery
1,000
19,000
950
2,850
16,150
800
Grafting(80% success
rate)
Expect to loss about
6%
Total seedlings loss
3,230
12,920
640
775
12,145
600
A 20,000 seedlings
Nursery
7,855
400
SMALL NURSERY
28 m long x 15m wide
Items
(capacity:20,000)
1. Nursery Establishment
and Management
a. Site Preparation
Clearing/slashing/
cleaning
b. Construction of Shade
Bamboo poles
Wire
Garden Net
Labor
c. Water Supply
Tank, pump, main
Irrigation facilities
line for distribution
Labor for installation
of pipes, hose, etc.
2. Preparation of Soil
Media
Cost of polybags
Garden soil
Coco fiber
Bagging of soil
Cost of labor
Hauling & piling polybags
Cost of labor
Total
Cost
Number
required
1,000
2x200x5
1,500
1,700
16,800
2,000
25 @ P60
20 kls @ P85
2 rolls @ P8,400
3x 200 x 5days
35,000 1 set
8,000
8,400
3,750
1,650
6,400
2,000
P42/100pcs
3.12 load@1,200
55
sacks @ P30
0.35/bag
2x200 x 5days
3. Seed Planting
4.Seedling
Propagation
Cost of seeds
Labor for planting
14,250
1,600
95 kls @ P150
2x200x4days
32,300
25,840
605
16,150@ P 2.00
12,920 @ P 2.00
27 pack @ P18 +
17 pack @ P7
Karate, Parapest,
Vindex,
Kocide, Dithane
1,300
2load/spraying=
60ml(2xwk)2li.
2load/spraying
120ml= 2kls
1,500
6. Fertilization Mgt.
16-20-0, 14-14-14,
MPQ, organic fert.
Application of fertilizer
Spraying foliar
1,380
750
200gx3load
12klsP15/kl,
2pinch/plt=1sack
75ml/load x3=225ml
at 2x/month= 500ml
500mlseedling stage
500ml after grafting
Cost of labor
1,600
2 x 200 x 4days
Cost of labor
1,600
8x200
Cost of labor
18,000
Emergency labor
200 x 15x 6 mos.
Electricity
2,940
2hrs/dayx1.4kwx
P10= 28x15x7mo
8. Disposal of Seedlings
Loading of seedlings
9. Nursery Maintenance
Replanting, weeding,
spraying fertilization,
culling, selection, etc.
10. Other cost
shovel,sprayer,
wheel barrow, etc.
11. Miscellaneous (5% of
total cost)
6,000
9,893
Total Cost
1,000
2,000
8,000
6,400
2,000
1,600
25,840
1,600
1,600
18,000
68,040
1,500
1,700
16,800
4. Polybags
5. Garden soil
6. Coco choir
7. Cacao seeds
8. Scion
9. Cellophane for
grafting
Sub-total
III. Agricultural Cost
1. Insecticide
2. Fungicide
3. Fertilizer
Sub-total
IV. Capital Outlay
1 set of pressure pump
8,400
3,600
1,650
14,250
32,300
605
80,805
1,450
1,500
2,130
5,080
35,000
V. Other Cost
VI. Miscellaneous (5%)
8,940
9,893
Grand Total
Php 207,758
Set-up 1:
Gross Income
Total Expenses
Profit
Profit/Seedlings
ROI
Set-up 2:
Gross Income
Total Expenses (less:72,000)
Profit
Profit/seedling
ROI
Gross Income ,
Profit and ROI
for 20,000
seedlings
Gross Income
Total cost,
profit, ROI for
1,000
seedlings
P 303,625
P 15,000
P 207,758
P 10,400
P 95,867
P 4,600
P7.85
P 7.65
46.14%
44.23%
P 303,625
P 135,758
P 167,867
P 13.80
123.65%
P 15,000
P 6,788
P 8,212
P 13.65
120.97%
Steps in
Nursery
Accreditatio
n
LETTER OF INTENT
PAZ J. BENAVIDEZ II
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Project
Development &
OIC, Director
Bureau of Plant Industry
692 San Andres St., Malate, Manila
CPD
PNA- Form # 1
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Bureau of Plant Industry
Manila
APPLICATION FOR ACCREDITATION OF PLANT NURSERY
New
Renewal
Sample Signage
Signage Size : 1.5 m x 2 m
Font Size:
Name of Nursery
300 Copper Black
Other Data 250 Arial Rounded MT Bold
Acknowledgement
ACDI-VOCA
(Nursery Manual)
CIDAMI
USM
-Thank
you-
Computation Cacao
Cacao Nursery
Nursery
Computation
Computation:
Computation:
37,000 polybags
polybags -raise
-raise seedlings
seedlings
37,000
Load of
of soil=
soil= 37,000/6,400
37,000/6,400 polybag
polybag per
per load=
load= 66 loads
loads (( 66 wheeler
wheeler dump
dump
Load
truck)
truck)
Sack of
of coco
coco choir=
choir= 37,000/365
37,000/365 polybag
polybag per
per sack
sack xx (1.1)=
(1.1)= 110
110 sack,
sack, feed
feed
Sack
size
size
(10% allowance)
allowance)
(10%
Amt of
of water/day=
water/day=
1L (37,000)
(37,000) (1.3)
(1.3)
Amt
1L
Assuming 1L/day/bag
1L/day/bag
37,000 LL (1.3)
(1.3)
Assuming
== 37,000
Used :: 0.5L:
0.5L: am
am
37,000 m3
m3 (1.3)
(1.3)
Used
== 37,000
0.5: pm
pm
48 m3/day
m3/day water
water
0.5:
== 48
ex. 10
10 cu
cu minimum
minimum (consume)
(consume) == P
P 175
175
ex.
175x 48/10=P
48/10=P 840
840 amount
amount of
of water
water consume
consume per
per day
day
175x