Exercise 14 (Solutions)

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Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI

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Question # 1

3
x = sin -1
2

3
2

Since sin x = -

(i)

5p
4p
,
where x [ 0, 2p ]
3
3
Since cosecq = 2
1
1

= 2 sin q =
2
sinq
p
5p
1
q = sin -1 =
,
where q [ 0, 2p ]
6
6
2
Do yourself
1
Since cot q =
3
1
1

=
tan q = 3
tan q
3
p
4p
q = tan -1 3
q=
,
where q [ 0, 2p ]
3
3
x=

(ii)

(iii)
(iv)

( )

Question # 2 (i)
Since

tan 2 q =

1
3

tan q =

1
3
1
q = tan -1

3
p
q=
6
Since period of tan q is p
tan q =

or
or
or

1
3
tanq = -

1
3

1
q = tan -1
3

5p
q=
6

p
5p
+ np ,
+ np
6
6
p
5p

Solution Set = + np U + np
6
6

Therefore general value of q =

So

Question # 2 (ii)
Since

cosec 2 q =

cosecq =

4
3

2
3

3
2
3
q = sin -1

p 2p
q= ,
3
3
sin q =

2
3
2
cosecq = 3
3
sinq = 2

3
q = sin -1
2

4p 5p
q=
,
3
3

cosecq =
or
or
or
or

where n

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 2

Since period of cosecq is 2p

p
2p
4p
5p
+ 2np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np
3
3
3
3
p
2p
4p
5p

+ 2np U + 2np U
+ 2np where n .
Solution set = + 2np U
3
3
3
3

Therefore general value of q =

Question # 2 (iii)
4
2
secq =
3
3
2
2
secq =
or
secq = 3
3
3
3
cosq =
or
cosq = 2
2
3

3
q = cos -1
q = cos -1 or

2
2
p 11p
5p 7p
q= ,
or
q=
,
6 6
6
6
Q period of secq is 2p
p
5p
7p
11p
\ general values of q = + 2np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np
6
6
6
6
p
5p
7p
11p

S.Set = + 2np U + 2np U

+ 2np U
+ 2np where n .
6
6
6
6

Since sec2 q =

Question # 2 (iv)
Do yourself
Question # 3
3tan 2 q + 2 3 tan q + 1 = 0

(
(

3 tan q

+2

)
(

3 tan q (1) + (1) = 0

3 tan q + 1 = 0

3 tan q + 1 = 0

3 tan q = -1

1
5p
1
q = tan -1 q= 6
3
3

Q period of tan q is p
5p
\ general value of q =
+ np , n
6
tan q = -

Question # 4
tan 2 q - secq - 1 = 0
( sec 2 q - 1) - secq - 1 = 0
sec2 q - 1 - secq - 1 = 0 sec2 q - secq - 2 = 0
sec2 q - 2secq + secq - 2 = 0
secq ( secq - 2 ) + 1( secq - 2 ) = 0
( secq + 1)( secq - 2 ) = 0
( secq + 1) = 0
or
secq = -1
or
cosq = -1

or

( secq - 2 ) = 0
secq = +2
1
cosq =
2

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 3

q = cos -1 ( -1)

1
q = cos -1
2
p 5p
q=
,
6
6

or

3p
or
2
Q period of cosq is 2p
3p
p
5p
\ general value of q =
+ 2np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np where n
2
6
6
q=

Question # 5
2sin q + cos 2 q - 1 = 0
2sin q + 1 - sin 2 q - 1 = 0 - sin 2 q + 2sin q = 0
- sinq ( sin q - 2 ) = 0
- sinq = 0
or
sinq - 2 = 0
sin q = 0
or
sin q = 2
q = sin -1 ( 0 )
Which does not hold as sinq [-1,1]
q =0, p
Q period of sinq is 2p
\ general value of q = 0 + 2np , p + 2np
where n
= 2np , p + 2np

Question # 6
3cos 2 q - 2 3 sin q cosq - 3sin 2 q = 0
Dividing throughout by cos 2 q
3cos 2 q 2 3 sin q cosq 3sin 2 q
=0
cos 2 q
cos 2 q
cos 2 q
3 - 2 3 tan q - 3tan 2 q = 0
- 3tan 2 q - 2 3 tan q + 3 = 0
3tan 2 q + 2 3 tan q - 3 = 0

tan q =

-2 3

2 3

ing by -1

- 4 ( 3)( -3)

2 ( 3)

-2 3 12 + 36
-2 3 48
=
6
6
-2 3 16 3
-2 3 4 3
=
=
6
6
-2 3 + 4 3 2 3
-2 3 - 4 3
6 3
tan q =
=
or
tanq =
=6
6
6
6
3
3
1
tan q =
=
=
or tan q = - 3
2
3
3
3
tan q =

( )

1
q = tan -1

3
p
q=
6
Q period of tan q is p
\ general value of q =

or

q = tan -1 - 3

or

q=

p
11p
+ np ,
+ np
6
6

11p
6
where n .

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 4

Question # 8
4sin 2 q - 8cosq + 1 = 0
4 (1 - cos 2 q ) - 8cosq + 1 = 0

4 - 4cos 2 q - 8cosq + 1 = 0

- 4cos 2 q - 8cosq + 5 = 0
4cos 2 q + 8cosq - 5 = 0
4cos 2 q + 10cosq - 2cosq - 5 = 0
2cosq ( 2cosq + 5) - 1( 2cosq + 5) = 0 ( 2cosq + 5 )( 2cosq - 1) = 0
2cosq + 5 = 0
or
2cosq - 1 = 0
2cosq = -5
or
2cosq = 1
-5
1
cosq =
or
cosq =
2
2
-5
1
q = cos -1
or
q = cos -1
2
2
p 5p
Which is not possible as cosq [-1,1]
or q = ,
3 3
Q period of cosq is 2p
p
5p
\ general value of q = + 2p n,
+ 2np
where n .
3
3

Question # 9
3 tan x - sec x - 1 = 0 (i )
sin x
1
3
-1 = 0
cos x cos x
3 sin x - 1 - cos x = 0
ing by cosq .
3 sin x - 1 = cos x
On squaring both sides.

3 sin x - 1 = ( cos x )
2

3sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x + 1 = cos 2 x

3sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x + 1 = 1 - sin 2 x
3sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x + 1 - 1 + sin 2 x = 0

4sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x = 0

2sin x 2sin x - 3 = 0
2sin x = 0

or

2sin x =

3
2
3
x = sin -1 ( 0 )
or
x = sin -1

2
p
2p
x=0 , p
or
x= ,
3
3
Now to check extraneous roots put x = 0 in (i )
sin x = 0

or

sin x =

L.H.S = 3 tan(0) - sec(0) - 1 = 0 - 1 - 1 = -2 0 = R.H.S

Implies that x = 0 is an extraneous root of given equation.
Now put x = p in (i)
L.H.S = 3 tan(p ) - sec(p ) - 1 = 0 - (-1) - 1 = 0 = R.H.S
Implies that x = p is a root of the equation.
p
Now put x = in (i )
3

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 5

p
p
3 tan - sec - 1 = 3 3 - 2 - 1 = 1 - 2 - 1 = 0 = R.H.S
3
3
p
Implies that x =
is a root of given equation.. Since period of tan is p .
3
2p
Now put x =
in (i )
3
2p
2p
L.H.S = 3 tan
- sec
-1
3
3

( )

L.H.S =

= 3 - 3 - ( -2 ) - 1 = -3 + 2 - 1 = - 2 = R.H.S
2p
is an extraneous root of given equation.
3
Q period of sin x is 2p
p
\ general values of x = p + 2np , + 2np
3
p

Solution Set = {p + 2np } U + 2np

where n .
3

Implies x =

Question # 10
cos 2 x = sin 3x
cos 2 x - sin 2 x = 3sin x - 4sin 3 x
cos 2 x - sin 2 x - 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0

(1 - sin 2 x ) - sin 2 x - 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0

Q cos 2 x = cos 2 x - sin 2 x

sin 3x = 3sin x - 4sin 3 x

1 - 2sin 2 x - 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0

4sin 3 x - 2sin 2 x - 3sin x + 1 = 0
Take sin x = 1 as a root then by synthetic division
1 4

-2
4

-3
2

1
-1

-1

( sin x - 1) ( 4sin 2 x + 2sin x - 1) = 0

sin x - 1 = 0 or
sin x = 1

or

x = sin -1 (1) or
x=

p
2

or

4sin 2 x + 2sin x - 1 = 0
sin x =

-2

( 2)

- 4 ( 4 )( -1)

2 ( 4)

-2 4 + 16 -2 20
=
8
8
-2 + 20
-2 - 20
sin x =
or sin x =
8
8
sin x = 0.309
or sin x = -0.809
-1
x = sin ( 0.309 ) or
x = sin -1 ( -0.809 )
18, 162
or
234 , 306
p
p
p
p
x = 18
, 162
or x = 234
, 306
180
180
180
180
p 9p
13p 17p
= ,
or
=
,
10 10
10
10
sin x =

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 6

Q period of sin x is 2p

p
9p
13p
17p
p
+ 2np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np , + 2np
10
10
10
10
2
p
9p
13p
17p
p

+ 2np U
+ 2np U + 2np
S.Set = + 2np U + 2np U
10
10
10
10
2

\ general value of x =

Question No. 11
sec3q = secq
1
1

=
cos3q cosq
cos3q = cosq
4cos3 q - 3cosq = cosq
4cos3 q - 3cosq - cosq = 0
4cos3 q - 4cosq = 0

Q cos3q = 4cos3 q - 3cosq

4cosq cos 2 q - 1 = 0

4cosq = 0
cosq = 0
q = cos -1 (0)
p 3p
q= ,
2
2
Q period of cosq

cos 2 q - 1 = 0
cos 2 q = 1
cosq = 1 q = cos -1 (1) , q = cos -1 ( -1)

or
or
or

q =0,p

or
is 2p

p
3p
+ 2np ,
+ 2np , 0 + 2np , p + 2np
2
2
p
3p
= + 2np ,
+ 2np , np
2
2
p
3p

+ 2np U {np }
where n .
S. Set = + 2np U
2
2

\ general values of q =

Question # 12
tan 2q + cot q = 0
tan 2q = - cot q
sin 2q
cosq
2sinq cosq
cosq

=
=2
2
cos 2q
sin q
cos q - sin q
sinq
( 2sin cosq )( sin q ) = ( - cosq ) ( cos 2 q - sin 2 q )
2sin 2 q cosq = - cos3 q + sin 2 q cosq
2sin 2 q cosq + cos3 q - sin 2 q cosq = 0
sin 2 q cosq + cos3 q = 0

cosq sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 0

q = cos -1 (0)
p 3p
= ,
2
2
Q period of cosq is 2p

cosq (1) = 0

p
3p
+ 2np ,
+ 2np
2
2
p
3p

S. Set = + 2np U + 2np

where n .
2
2

\ general values of q =

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 7

Question # 13
sin 2 x + sin x = 0
2sin x cos x + sin x = 0
Q sin 2q = 2sinq cosq
sin x ( 2cos x + 1) = 0
sin x = 0
or
2cos x + 1 = 0
1
1
x = sin -1 (0) or
cos x = x = cos -1 -
2
2
2p 4p
x=0,p
or
x=
,
3
3
Q period of sin x and cos x is 2p
2p
4p
\ general values of x = 0 + 2np , p + 2np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np
3
3
2p
4p
= np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np
3
3
2p
4p

So solution set = { np } U + 2np U + 2np

where n .
3
3

Question # 14

sin 4 x - sin 2 x = cos3x

4x + 2x 4x - 2x
2cos
sin
= cos3x
2 2
2cos3 x sin x - cos3 x = 0
cos3x ( 2sin x - 1) = 0
cos3x = 0
or
2sin x - 1 = 0
1
3x = cos-1 (0) ,
sin x =
2
p 3p
1
3x = ,
,
x = sin -1
2
2
2
p p
p 5p
x= ,
,
x= ,
6 2
6 6
2p
Since period of cos3x is
and period of sin x is 2p
3
p 2np p 2np p
5p
\ general values of x = +
, +
, + 2np ,
+ 2np
6
3
2
3
6
6
p 2np p 2np p
5p

So solution set = +
U +
U + 2np U + 2np where n .
3 2
3 6
6
6

Question # 15
sin x + cos3x = cos5 x
sin x = cos5 x - cos3 x
5 x + 3x 5x - 3x
sin x = -2sin
sin

2 2
sin x = -2sin 4 x sin x
sin x + 2sin 4 x sin x = 0
sin x (1 + 2sin 4 x ) = 0
sin x = 0
or
1 + 2sin 4 x = 0
1
1
x = sin -1 (0) or
sin 4 x = 4 x = sin -1 -
2
2

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 8

7p 11p
,
24
24
2p p
Since period of sin x is 2p and period of sin 4x is
=
4
2
7p np 11p np
\ general values of x = 0 + 2np , p + 2np ,
+
,
+
24 2
24
2
7p np 11p np
So solution set = {2np } U {p + 2np } U
+
+
U
where n .
2
24 2 24
x=0 , p

or

4x =

7p 11p
,
6
6

x=

Question # 16
sin 3x + sin 2 x + sin x = 0
( sin 3x + sin x ) + sin 2 x = 0
3x + x 3x - x
2sin
cos
+ sin 2 x = 0 2sin 2 x cos x + sin 2 x = 0
2 2
sin 2 x ( 2cos x + 1) = 0
sin 2 x = 0
or
2cos x + 1 = 0
1
2 x = sin -1 (0) or cos x = 2
1
2x = 0 , p
or
x = cos -1 -
2
p
2p 4p
x=0 ,
or
x=
,
2
3
3
2p
Since period of sin 2x is
= p and period of cos x is 2p
2
p
2p
4p
\ general values of x = 0 + np , + np ,
+ 2np ,
+ 2np
2
3
3
p
2p
4p

S. Set = {np } U + np U + 2np U + 2np where n .

2
3
3

Question # 17
sin 7 x - sin x = sin 3x
7x + x 7x - x
2cos
sin
= sin 3x
2
2

2cos 4 x sin 3x - sin 3x = 0

sin 3x ( 2cos 4 x - 1) = 0
sin 3x = 0
or
2cos 4 x - 1 = 0
1
3 x = sin -1 ( 0 )
or
cos 4 x =
2
1 p 5p
3x = 0 , p
or
4 x = cos -1 =
,
3
3
2
p
p 5p
x=0 ,
or
x=
,
12 12
3
2p
2p p
Since period of sin 3x is
and period of cos 4x is
=
4
2
3
2np p 2np p np 5p np
\ general values of x = 0 +
, +
,
+
,
+
3
3
3
12 2
12
2
2np p 2np p np 5p np
So S. set =
U +
U +
U +
where n .
3 12 2 12 2
3 3

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 9

Question # 18
sin x + sin 3x + sin 5 x = 0
( sin 5 x + sin x ) + sin 3x = 0
5x + x
5x - x
2sin
cos
+ sin 3x = 0
2
2
2sin 3x cos 2 x + sin 3x = 0
sin 3x ( 2cos 2 x + 1) = 0
sin 3x = 0
or
2cos 2 x + 1 = 0
1
2cos 2 x = -1 2 x = cos -1 -
2
2p 4p
3x = 0 , p
or
2x =
,
3
3
p
p 2p
x=0 ,
or
x= ,
3
3 3
2p
2p
Since period of sin 3x is
and period of cos 2x is
=p
2
3
2np p 2np p
2p
\ general values of x = 0 +
+ np
, +
, + np ,
3
3
3
3
3
2np p 2np p
2p

S.Set =
U +
U + np U + np where n Z
3 3
3 3
3

3 x = sin -1 ( 0 )

or

Question # 19
sinq + sin 3q + sin 5q + sin 7q = 0
( sin 7q + sinq ) + ( sin 5q + sin 3q ) = 0
7q + q 7q - q
5q + 3q
2sin
cos
+ 2sin
2 2
2
2sin 4q cos3q + 2sin 4q cosq = 0
2sin 4q ( cos3q + cosq ) = 0

3q + q 3q - q
2sin 4q 2cos
cos
2

4sin 4q cos 2q cosq = 0

sin 4q = 0
or
cos 2q = 0
or
4q = sin -1 ( 0 ) ,

5q - 3q
cos
2

=0

= 0

cosq = 0

2q = cos -1 ( 0 ) ,
q = cos -1 ( 0 )
p 3p
p 3p
4q = 0 , p
or
2q = ,
or q = ,
2
2
2
2
p
p 3p
q =0 ,
or
q= ,
4
4
4
2p p
2p
Since period of sin 4q is
= , cos 2q is
= p and cosq is 2p
4
2
2
np p np p
3p
p
3p
\ general values of q = 0 +
, +
, + np ,
+ np , + 2np ,
+ 2np
2
4 2
4
4
2
2
np p np p
3p
p
3p

S. Set = U +
U + np U + np U + 2np U + 2np .
2 4 2 4
4
2
2

FSc I / Ex. 14 - 10

Question # 20
cosq + cos3q + cos5q + cos7q = 0
( cos7q + cosq ) + ( cos5q + cos3q ) = 0
7q + q 7q - q
5q + 3q
2cos
cos
+ 2cos
2 2
2
2cos 4q cos3q + 2cos 4q cosq = 0
2cos 4q ( cos3q + cosq ) = 0

5q - 3q
cos
2

=0

3q + q
3q - q
2cos 4q 2cos
cos
= 0
2
2

4cos 4q cos 2q cosq = 0

Now do yourself as above question.
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Tuesday, March 22, 2005 *

Updated: April 20, 2011 *