Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICIN
I FARMACIE DIN CRAIOVA
COALA DOCTORAL
Introducere ............................................................................................................... 1
11
V. Material i metode.............................................................................................. 45
10
61
BIBLIOGRAFIE...................................................................................................... 144
Stadiul cunoaterii
PARTEA SPECIAL
Afeciunile vertebrale ale lucrtorilor
Oltenia.
robotizrii unor etape tehnologice, un numr mare de salariai sunt implicai in diverse
etape, inclusiv n controlul produsului finit.
Incidena crescut a afeciunilor de static vertebral n rndul acestor salariai
ne-a determinat s abordam aceast tem. Principalele obiective sunt identificarea
acelor activiti care constituie un risc crescut pentru sntatea salariailor precum i
a altor factori etiologici secundari. Vom urmri deasemenea utilitatea i veridicitatea
datelor furnizate de metodele standard de evaluare ergonomic a posturilor de lucru,
respectiv ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228-2 i ISO 11228-3.
Alte scopuri sunt reprezentate de:
<5 ANI
>5 ANI
46
18
14
55
74
45
0
10
20
30
40
50
Numr de angajai
60
70
80
119; 47%
133; 53%
59; 23%
193; 77%
DA
NU
115
100
Numr de
subieci
80
60
39
40
26
30
27
20
0
1
3,55
2,25
FEMEI
BARBATI
Media
IC95%
DS
Mediana
Min
Max
FEMEI
60
3,55
3,103 - 3,997
1,7313
BARBATI
192
2,25
2,016 - 2,484
1,6405
94; 37%
158; 63%
DA
NU
11
96; 38%
156; 62%
DA
NU
12
51; 20%
201; 80%
DA
NU
13
DISCUII
3; 1%
de maini ocup n general poziii care solicit un nivel de expertiz nalt, acesta
putnd constitui unul din potenialele argumente pentru vrsta medie mai mare cu 8
ani comparativ cu a brbailor.
DA
NU
La angajaii de sex feminin vrsta medie a fost de 38,554,99 ani. S-a remarcat
existena a dou vrfuri n modalitatea de distribuie a numrului de angajai n funcie
Figura 77 Incidena durerilor influenate de ctre activiti
care implic
de greuti
cevechimii
necesit de 2-3 ani,
de vechimeaocupaionale
n munc. Primul
sub-lotridicarea
se contureaz
n jurul
aplecarea.
corespunztoare angajailor cu un nivel de specializare mai mic respectiv un alt sublot
corespunde angajailor
cu o vechime
de 6 ani.
5.9.care
REZULTATELE
EVALURII
ERGONOMICE
Au fost
evaluate n
ergonomic
de din
lucru
incluse
n studiu, din
punct de
Distribuia
funcie detoate
sex aposturile
posturilor
cadrul
ntreprinderii
a surprins
vedere al manipulrii manuale a maselor (ridicare, purtare, tragere, mpingere), micri
preponderena
majoritii acestora de ctre angajaii de sex masculin. Astfel, poziiile
repetitive.
de sortator produse finite sau operatori manuali au fost ocupate majoritar de ctre
Activitatea
evaluat:
Ridicare obiecte
sexul masculin. Aproape jumtate din angajaii chestionai
au prezentat
n trecut
evenimente
i/sau al Nivelul riscului
Funciepatologice
/ profesie de gravitate diferit la nivelul coloanei
NIOSHvertebrale
- Lifting Index
membrelor,
frecvente
la femei.
Finisormai
produse
industriale
3,01
Vrsta pare a fi un factor cumulativ al antecedentelor personale patologice la
Mecanic ntreinere utilaje
3,38
nivelul aparatului osteoarticular, fiind remarcat o vrst medie a celor care au
Operator
robotin
industriali
recunoscut
prezena
istoricul lor a unor traumatisme sau alt tip 0,00
de suferin. Riscul
suplimentar
alocat
de ctre
solicitarea produs prin factorii de risc1,02
ocupaionali a
Operator
asamblare
manuala
surprins
un riscproduse
al antecedentelor
patologice
ale coloanei vertebrale
sau membrelor
Operator
finite controlor
calitate
0,00
de aproape 2 ori mai mare la angajaii care aveau o vechime n munc mai mare de
Sortator produse finite
1,35
5 ani comparativ cu cei cu o vechime minim, de sub 3 ani.
0
2
14
15
CONCLUZII
Unul din factorii care moduleaz puternic patologia ocupaional a angajailor
este vrsta, aceasta fiind n general mic, angajatorul prefernd lucrtori tineri.
Cu toate aceste apariia suferinei lombare n contextul vrstelor mici sugereaz
impactul puternic al solicitrii ocupaionale care reuete s se desprind de avantajul
fiziologic oferit de vrsta sub 40 de ani desprinzndu-se ca una din cele mai importante
suferine ale adultului.
Corelaia puternic dintre suferina articular i muscular cu vechimea n
munc arat importana mai degrab a expunerii la factorii de risc existeni n mediul
ocupaional dect legtura fireasc dintre creterea frecvenei, intensitii i impactului
durerii lombare cu naintarea n vrst.
Presiunea factorilor de risc ocupaionali este gestionat diferit de cele dou
sexe, vulnerabilitatea mai mare a sexului feminin la solitarele activitilor ocupaionale
exprimat printr-o inciden mai mare a durerii lombare, a intensitii dar i a
impactului acesteia asupra activitii curente i la locul de munc este unul din factorii
care explic predilecia angajatorului pentru angajarea, cel puin pentru anumite
posturi a angajailor de sex masculin. Preocuparea pentru cercetarea impactului
durerii lombare este justificat n primul rnd de nevoia de a combate sau controla
efectul simptomatologiei algice i a limita frecvena i gradul expunerii la factorii de
risc asociai acesteia asupra sntii angajailor.
n egal msur acesta este justificat i de efectele acesteia asupra
confortului acestora i capacitatea de a-i desfura ntr-un cadru optim nu doar a
activitilor ocupaionale dar i a timpului liber i a activitilor curente extra
ocupaionale, toate afectnd n mod direct performana la locul de munc i
productivitatea.
Cunoaterea corect a cadrului ergonomic la locul de munc i a efectelor reale
ale acestuia asupra sntii, confortului i performanelor angajailor trebuie s fie
una din prioritile att a specialitilor n medicina ocupaional ct i a angajatorilor.
Colaborarea multidisciplinar n nelegerea i gestionarea factorilor de risc
ergonomici implicai n apariia i ntreinerea suferinei lombare i nu numai rmne
abordarea cea mai fezabil n controlul i limitarea impactului factorilor de risc
ergonomici.
16
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