Sy Le @)STUDENT’S BOOK ion Mellor-Giark Fausana Citar a rt PRONUNCIATION YOOABULARY revi of present lenges asking abou pace sontactons ator missions () Aiyrarc arate verbs es uty assets seven structure sire ‘imple and compound inprocesing Efe) netic tastes ‘rei ties colar rrts officer ara NCOs tesa service 2 Military os simpe anc continuous taking about memoabie -edondogs ‘ecrument and erismest service present pdt cerns somenca sess 1) ay ear present pret contnaous sitar ite likes an ses itary sender ‘contrast are concession Humanitarian future forms with wil ‘mabing telephone calls natural csaeters assistance comment, ample snvations eat characteris ant generalisation descinng fed vie miltaryccoperaton 4 Boots on tho seiandumealcondtionls stoning aiey soining em ant eegaits ground septa specn react ton sounding angy ides rfrencing wots serosa @) homecoming ls of war 5S Leaders and —estoerstantoist ——_eascing poopie ining eaters cates leadership smo tag sores etal) pe condi etn nity tory 6 Exercise reported questions asking for informatie: ‘emphasis air force missions (2) Gallant Eagle sd instuctons config an levinginformaton ‘communications ving instructions proians pening @ conversation finding tings in conan ‘scussng problems iat Seeiets Porn Prone td Creed 7 Royal sings ondtng—_dxeringanddetng sete song uikings nd ites agincess reve ues ‘eng fer sores, orpoinsroins ona may bate sesoring ity nite tenga | ‘engineer equipment f ssgnefon tached ‘pes unr airy tos | erp: | 3 Media ‘vinta ingams pang sorter ses ttn under re operations aie arguze cotvone ani milay-mea tors nists inreeet and aber oy tat eo 9 Desert Storm past natits ‘asking ard answering questions In ased 10 ‘operation odors ‘aves In condrional Dritngs arilry missions causes tact asks (2) camp corditens rest and rlaaton laws eared conflict 10 Working group — tmaciauses. writing comragpendenas liaison emails opening remarks in meetings hostty arelpatig i meetogs ‘eam reentions tentang gusts ‘computing tems ‘anti deol or ths hosialne 11 Special Air ‘reporting verbs in assumptions. ‘reductions in “special operations oe ee ne eae Si Choe peer . 12 = Multinational ‘conclusions order of battie: reading aloud UN peace support operations coalition ‘cause end effect tag questions military syrbots eas ‘navwlesige q miary docrine (tnd satAssignment abroad New orders Task 1 Work in pairs. Talk about someone you know who is currently serving abroad. Say 1 his / her rank, name and service. 2 what his / her job is 3. where he / she is deployed. 4 how long he / she is there for. Reading Task2 Read the first part of the orders and answer the questions. 1 What is Joaquim Ribeiro’s rank? 3. Where is his permanent base? 2 Which service does he belong to? 4 Whatis the name of his unit? = u WRITTEN ORDERS TEMPORARY DUTY ASSIGNMENT NAME: Joaquim Ribeiro RANK: Lieutznant PURPOSE: Crewmember C-130 H0, Portuguese Alr Force tall sumber 6801 CREW POSITION: Fight engineer HOME STATION: Monti Air Base BA6, Lisbon UNIT: 801 Transport Squadron "he Bisons 1, Inclusive Dates: 4 July -6 January. On oF about 4 July, you ae to proceed from Base AS (Montijo, Portugal) to Incirlik Ait Base (AB), Turkey. 2, Mission Purpose: Six month rotation to provide arift support to forces in the Middle East with a base of operations located at Incirik Air Base 3 Mission Team: Mission includes standard air crew of five: twa pilots, ‘one flint engineer, one navigator and load master Primary Mission: Execute tactical air transport operations. . Secondary Air Missions (1) Execute gearch and rescue operations (2) Execute general air transport operations. (3) Execute medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) operations. 4, Deployed Chain of Commanc: Aircraft captain and aircrew wil report to the Commander 728th Aiift Support Squadron, 38th Operations Group, 39th Wing, Incrik AB, Turkey for command and control of missions during the rotation 5. Attival Procedures. Upon artval, clear Turkish customs and report to ; the 39th Operations Group administrative support stat, Thay will provide a permanent gate pass and schedule inprocessing and <= orientation briefings. "WORLD ENGLISH re Now read the rest of the orders and answer the questions. rh telat dell ‘When will he travel? eg ‘Where is Joaquim Ribeiro's new assignment? mre How fong is the emporary duty assignment? ae What are his duties there? be TU LLL Who will he report to when he arrives at his new duty station? okeneSpeaking Speaking Task 3 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1. Who decides on new postings in your country’s armed forces? 2 How do you find out about new postings? 3 Doyyou have any choice over your postings? Task 4 Label the pictures. Use these words. flightengineer loadmaster navigator pilot Now match the jobs with the descriptions. Lieutenant Joaquim Ribeiro, (1) flight engineer Performs aircraft inspections and emergency maintenance. Maintains the aircraft records, Operates the engine controls arid monitors the aizcraft systems, Captain Marco Barciela (aircraft commander), (2) Plans and prepares the mission. Files a flight plan and briefs the crew. Ensures that pre-flight and postflight checks are carried out. Pilots the aircraft and commands the crew, ‘Technical Sergeant Barbara Duarte, (3) Reviews the cargo manifest. Supervises aircraft loading, off loading and airdrops ‘Checks cargo, passengers and troops against the manifest Second Lieutenant Hugo Moura, (A) ..-- Roviews the mission, intelligence and weather information. Assists the pilot in preparing the flight plan and briefing the crew. Navigates the aircraft Task 5 Read the text again and find a word that means .. 1a document that includes all the details of a flight. 2. an inspection that is carried out before an alreraft takes otf 3. an inspection that is carried out ater an aircraft lands. 4 adocument with all the details of passengers and cargo carried on board an aircratt 5 supplies, vehicles and equipment transported on board an aircraft Language tactics Collocations ~ jab tasks Task 6 Complete the table. Use these words. verbs nouns adjectives vers and Perlorms aterafinspecbons and emergency mainnanee. FI nw anderepostions checks cage, passengers ard roo against he mani. Ey) 24 nouns “They wil provide a permanent ote pass. EF comtinations of nouns ena and contra search nd escue ‘Now read the text in task 4 again and find the nouns that go together with ... 1 brief 4 check 7 command 2 maintain 5 monitor 8 perform 3 PREPALE ome Teview 9 supervise Task 7 Describe your responsibilities at work.Pronunciation foe 6 Orientation briefing Task 1 Work in pairs. Say what you try to find out before you report to a new duty station. Listening [0 @ Task 2 Listen to a briefing and order the topics. 1 Exercise Gallant Eagle. su. 2 Themission of the air base wing at Incielik. 3. Appropriate dress and behaviour off-base. ..... 4 Personnel stationed at the air base. 5 Facilities for aircraft... + @ Now listen again and complete the notes. Orientation briefing by (1)... Kim Reed. Appointment: (2) Incink Air Base = Home £0 the (8) uum Alr Base Wing. Mission = To help protect (4) interests in the Southern Region. ~ To provide a staging and operational air base for wartime operations an (8) umn cluding peace support operations, Permanently assigned aircraft -© Faclities = Length of main runway (7) feet Personnel = Appeosimately (8) oon military personnel st Incirlik AB. + Base is operated by (9) an. Local customs and culture = Women should not wear tight clothes when they are (10). Contractions and full forms 2)@ Task 3 Listen and count the syllables in the underlined words. there aren't any permanently assigned aircraft here at Incirlik tight fitting clothes are not recommended for wear off-base We're currently preparing for Exercise Gallant Eagle Failure isnat an option. i) ® Now listen again and practise saying the full forms for emphasis.Speaking Task 4 Work in pairs. Describe the base where you currently work. Talk about ... the location of the base. major units stationed at the base. the number of personnel who work there. facilities available on base. Rene Grammar Review of present tenses Task 5 Study the examples. we provide a staging and operational air base to project airpower ‘We use the present simple tense to talk about facts, habits and regular actions, states and opinions, When we talk about regular actions, we often use adverbs of frequency and time expressions like on Fridays, every month and twice a year. the wing is currently working hard to ensure the success of the mission. We use the present continuous to talk about actions that are currently in progress. We often use time expressions like at this moment, currently and right now, the strategic importance of Incirlik is constantly growing. We also use the present continuous to talk about change and development. Dynamic and stative verbs Task 6 Study the examples. T know you are interested in collecting your travel pay Tnow want to introduce you fo your next briefer Verbs that describe an action are called dynamic verbs. Verbs that describe a state are called stative verbs. We do not usually use stative verbs with continuous tenses. Common stative verbs include be, belong, consist of, include, know, like, see, understand, want, wish. Task 7 Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences, This morning, (1) I want | am wanting to brief you on our medical services here at Incirlik. These (2) consist | are consisting of routine medical treatment, a dental clinic and a Health and Wellness Center. The clinic (3) serves | is serving military personnel stationed at Incirlik and their family members. We (4) currently expand | are currently expanding the services we affer however, for some services we refer patients to the local Turkish hospitals. Both the hospital and dental clinic (5) operate | are operating by appointment, Emergency room services are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. In the Health and Wellness Center, we (6) currently plan | are currently planning programmes in fitness orientation, healthy cooking and weight loss. If you are interested in any of these programs, (7) Ihave | am having Master Sergeant Candice Parks with me this morning, Candice (8) sits | is sitting at the back of the room and I know she'll be delighted to give you more information. 1(9) hope | atn hoping my part of this moming's briefing has helped you to understand what we can do for you during your stay here at Incirlik This (10) concludes | is concluding my briefing. Are there any questions? (3) @ Now listen and check your answers. Writing Task 8 Write about a recreation or health facility at your base. Write about ... 1 the purpose of the facility. 2 who can use it. 3. the services provided. 4 hours of operation. 7 EonFunctional English | | Speaking : TDY to Incirlik Task 1 Work in pairs. Say what you try to find out about a country before you go on a trip. Listening 1) @ Task 2 Listen to the first part of a conversation and write ... where the conversation takes place where the man is stationed why the man was absent from his duty station. why he is returning to his duty station now. © Now listen to the rest of the conversation and answer true or false. The woman has never been to Turkey before. The best place to buy souvenits is on base Most shops accept only Turkish Lira The best place to change money is on base. ‘The market stalls accept credit cards... The dining facilities on base serve American food, Asking about a place Task 3 Study the examples. 1s this your first tine in Incirlik? What's Incirlik like? What's the nearest town to the base? Do you know where I can buy some souvenirs? What currency is used? Where's the best place to change money? sun. Is English spoken: much there? What kind of food do they serve there? Now match the questions with the answers. Do you mean the base or the local area? Incirlik village ~ that’s just outside the base. Probably at the finance office on the base. Sure, most TDY folks go to shop on the local economy in Incirlik. ‘The local currency in Turkey is the Turkish Lira but most shops accept dollars o> euros. Yes it is, In fact, it’s my first time in Turkey. You can get by in English with no problem. 8 You mean, at the base or in the local restaurants? eons Ne 5) Task 4 Listen again to track 5 and check your answers. Task § Work in pairs. Write a similar conversation between you and a visitor to va country. Now practise the conversation. Task 6 Work in pairs. Say what you like to do when you visit a place. relax go shopping visit historical buildings and museumsReading Task 7 Read the text and complete the chart. Use these words. American food beaches castle fishing hiking shopping mountain climbing water sports movies in English museum nightlife souvenir shopping TE tee 2. : Mersin 2 3 coe |. Bane roy Benn B 1 2 3 oad Pn Things to IF YOU ARE LOOKING to get away for e day, @ popular place to stan is Yilankale or Snake Castle. g ‘About a 20-minute drive from the base, Yilankale was buit during the crusades and is an excellent ‘example of miitary architecture, Anather interesting place to visit is the seaside town of Kizkales do and about 75 km east of Mersin, The fawn is named after a castle 150 meters offshore. It you want sun, sea and relaxation, head for the beautiful beaches on the Mediterranean coast. places to The closest beach resorts are Karatas (50 km) and Yamurtalik (84 km), the latter is especially interesting forthe ancient harbor castle and the nearby nature reserve. Mersin isa city that offers SEE AFOUNG modern shopping, popular American-style restaurants and great nightie It beaches are not your thing, check out the city of Adana. With a population of over one aol million, Adana is the fourth largest city in Turkey. In Old Adana you can find fruit and fish markets, neiril carpet and brass stores, a gold market and a covered bazzar, New Adana is quite different and offers nightie, modern shopping malls, American pizza and hamburger restaurants, and movie AB theaters that show films in English. For a romantic view of Adana, check out the tea houses and restaurants alongside the Seyhan Dam Lake, Adana is also a great place for historical buildings. Especially worth seeing is the 16th century Great Mosque (Ulu } “Cami, the clock-tower and the stone bridge. Also check out the J Archaeological Museum. The museum bullding itself is interesting J | since it was bul as church by the crusaders Sports enthusiasts will find plenty of activities in the area around Incirlik. Water sports are popular on the coastline around Karatag and Yamurtalk and include yachting, rowing, waterskiing, y ‘snorkelling and swimming. There are a number of good mountain climbing routes near Yilankale and check out the beautiful Toros Mountains around Pozanti for hiking, For fishing try Gamlik y National Park 30 km southwest of Adana. Now say where you would go fora weekend. Language tactics Learning words in groups. Task 8 When you learn new words, organise the words in groups and by topic. Complete the table. Use these words. bazaar church lock tower mall market mosque rowing snorkelling store waterskiing yachting Eke Etienne Writing Task 9 Write a list of suggestions for things to do or places to visit for a group of foreign military personnel visiting your base for two days. Now work in pairs. Compare your suggestions and plan a route for an afternoon trip. :Officers and Non-coms Task 1 Put the ranks in order. US Air Force Chief Master Sergeant US Air Force Lieutenant General US Army Captain US Army PEC ‘US Air Force Lieutenant Colonel US Army Brigadier General poReRe Reading Task2_ Answer true or false for your country’s armed forces. All NCOs first serve as junior enlisted personnel. Promotion to a higher rank depends on merit. All officers first serve as enlisted soldiers, sailors or airmen. Commissioned officers have complete authority over NCOs, Junior enlisted personnel salute NCOs. Marriage between officers and enlisted personnel is prohibited. ....... aAukene Now read the text and answer true or false for the United States military. | The United States Air Force (USAF) divides personnel into enlisted ranks and officer ranks. The : enlisted ranks are further divided into Airmen and Non-commissioned Officers ~ the Air Force's mid- level supervisors. All NCOs are promoted from junior enlisted ranks. The first level of NCO rank is Staff Sergeant and promotion to this rank, as well as further promotion, is based on a recommendation from an airman’s commander plus points awarded for time in service, time in grade, performance reports, decorations and the results of examinations. ‘Commissioned officers provide management and leadership in their area of responsibility. Officers hold the highest ranks in the military and they receive their commission from the President. Every yeat, the Air Force selects a number of enlisted members for officer training but most officers come from the Air Force Academy or from a civilian university. In a similar way to NCOs, the promotion of officers depends on merit. Commissioned officers outrank all enlisted personel and even a recently commissioned second lieutenant officially outranks the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force. However, in practise junior officers normally only exercise authority over direct subordinates in their chain of command. For CI « example, because the squadron first sergeant reports directly to the squadron commander, a ieutenant would not normally give orders to this, NCO. Enlisted personnel salute all commissioned officers and commissioned officers salute their superiors, The salute is a sign of respect towards the officer’s commission and is generally accompanied by a polite greeting, The officer returns the salute and will generally offer a similar greeting. Enlisted personnel do not normaily salute each other. The Air Force has strict rules about the conduct of officers and enlisted members. Close personal relationships and business relationships between officers and enlisted members are prohibited. These relations are known as fraternization and the penalties for officers can be severe, including court ‘martial and separation from the service.Task 3. Find words in the text that mean .., pes aS 1. the number of years or months that an airman, NCO or officer has served in the oh air force. the amount of time that an airman, NCO or cificer has held a particular rank, tohold a higher rank than another service member prohibited relationships between officers and enlisted members. 2 military court that tries people accused of breaking military law. voluntary or involuntary discharge from the armed forces. ated aah ms Speaking Task 4 Describe the differences between officers, NCOs and other enlisted personnel in your country’s armed forces. Grammar Simple and compound sentences Task § Study the examples. Commissioned officers provide management and leadership in their area of responsibility, Se eee eee noun group verb group noun group complement A simple sentence has one independent clause. An independent clause has @ suibject and a verb and expresses a complete idea. Officers hold the highest xanks in the military and they receive their commission from the Pres LI independent clause coordinating conjunction independent clause A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction like and or but. Now join the sentences with and or but. 1 @ The promotion of NCOs depends on merit ‘The promotion of officers depends on merit Oificers do not have to serve as enlisted members, Officers do have to have a university degree. Officers have a university degree. Oiticers receive a commission from the President of the United States. Enlisted ranks have to salute officers. Enlisted ranks don’t have to salute NCOs, Enlisted members do not have to go to university Oificers have to go to university 2 cers cages Writing Task 6 Write a short paragraph explaining the rank structure in your armed forces. Include ... 1 maining 2. responsibilities. 3. promotions ‘Report for duty Task 1 Work in pairs. Pat the security classifications in order CONFIDENTIAL ...... RESTRICTED ....... SECRET ...... TOP SECRET Reading Task 2 Read the first part of the text and find ... the security classification. what date the message was sent. what organisation the message is sent to. who the message is for, what fax number the document was sent to, where the message is sent from. who sent the message the fax number of the sender. the subject of the message. ‘The total number of pages transmitted. HEADQUARTERS MULTINATIONAL PEACEKEEPING BRIGADE (HO MINPK8) ACTIVATION FAX CLASSIFICATION: CONFIDENTIAL ATE: 17 May 2005 TO: Department of Personnel, FROM: Maj Lindberg Ministry of Defence Planning Officer ATTN: Col Helsing HO MNPKB FAX NO: + 925 521 2665 FAX NO: +48 (21) 487 978 TEL NO: +48 (21) 487 238, SUBJECT: Activation of contingency establishment personne! for HO MNPKB. Total number of transmitted pages including this page: 1 MESSAGE 1. This Headquarters requests the activation of the following augmentees in accordance with the Joining Instructions for the contingency establishment of HQ MINPKB. 4 Colonel Saber, Deputy Chief of Stat Group 4 . Major Bassir, Public Information Officer Group 2 ©. Corporal Hada, Clerk Group 2 2. These people will participate in the United Nations Mission in CAPE BOAR (UNHICB), The mission is expected to begin on 25 June 2005, All personnel will deploy unaccompanied for a period of six months. 3. Group 1 personnel (Planning) are to report tor duty no later than 10 June to Headquarters MNPKB. These people wil assist in the development of the military plan of operations before deploying into the mission area. On arrival at HO INPKB, hotel accommadation wil be arranged by this office, Please note that staff are responsible for paying their ‘own aacommodation costs. 4, Group 2 personnel (Headquarters Establishment) are to report on 1 June for duty in the missicn area, UNMCB, Cape oar international Airport. These people will assist in the establishment ofthe mission HA in preparation for the arrival of national contingents Air tickets have beon ordered and can be picked up from local British Ainways offices. On arrival at HQ MNPKB J the misslon area, staff wil start to receive daily subsistence allowance. All administrative details are in accordance with contingency establishment jining instructions. The HO MNPRS point of contact s: G1 (Personnel) / Miltary Personnel Tel: 448 (21) 487 238; Fax: +48 (21) 487 978; E-mail: milper@hqrnpkb. Regards, Major Lindbesa omTL) UK, eat rs Peer ied Cena Writing Speaking Now read the rest of the text and answer the questions. Who will participate in the United Nations Mission in Cape Boat? When will Colonel Saber report for duty? Where will he report? What are his duties? When will Corporal Hadda report for duty? Where will he report? What are his duties? How will the augmentees travel? Task3 Read the text again and find a word that means... 1 orders to report for active duty 2 the personnel and equipment in a unit at fall strength. 3. aperson temporarily attached to a headquarters during exercises and operations and other emergencies. 4 atour of duty where family members are not authorised to travel with a service member, 5. money paid to cover the cost of meals and other everyday expenses, Task 4 Write a note to Colonel Saber informing him of the deployment. Task §. Work in pairs. Decide which postings you would apply for. 1 Asie-month unaccompanied tour af duty in a United Nations mission. The mission is likely to be dangerous but the operational experience will be good for your career. Also, you will receive extra money while you are deployed. 2 Atwo-year accompanied tour with your country’s embassy in London. You will be assigned to the military attaché’s office. You can travel with your family and the ‘embassy will pay for your children to attend a school in London. 3 Aone-year unaccompanied professional development course in the United States. ‘The course will help your career but you will not be able to travel with your family. 4A tour of duty as an instructor at an intemational peacekeeping schooi. The school is located in the capital city of a country that has recently emerged from ten years of civil war, Your accommodation is in an international compourd that is protected by guards and surrounded by barbed wire. You have the option of faking your family with you. 5 Aone-year assignment to an international headquarters in Northem Europe. You can travel with your family and your children will be able to attend an international schoo! located neat to your place of work. It will be quite likely that your wife can find work, Now choose one posting and say what preparations you would make.OBIECTIVES + past simple and continuous + -edendings + teoruitment ane enlistment Joining up Task 1 Work in pairs. Look at the posters and answer the questions. 1 Which poster would convince you to join the military? Why? 2. Which poster would work best for recruitment in your country? Why? 1 Listening Task2 Work in pairs. Say why civilians join the army in your country. Barry | Karl | Jason For excitement and adventure. ‘To get extra money for school or university. For opportunities to travel abroad. Because they do not know what else to do. ‘To protect and serve their country. Family tradition. Toleam a trade or skill. To practise sports. Task3 Listen toa conversation and tick why each speaker joined the army. Now work in pairs. For each speaker, say ... 1 what you think about their reasons for joining the military 2 ifthey will stay in the military. 1 @ Task d Liston to the rest of the conversation and say who .. 1 is going to make a career in the military. Why? 2. ismaking plans to leave the military. Why?Grammar Past simple and continuous Task 5 Study the examples. So, the next morning I went down: to the recruiting office Both my father and my grandfather were in the nowy You probably watched too many war films when you were young. ‘We use the past simple to talk about things that happened at a definite time in the past, over a period of time in the past and regular actions or habits in the past. We often use words and phrases like last week or yesterday to say when something happened. ‘They were travelling to diferent places, ike Cyprus and Germany 1 was working in the local factory in town. ‘We use the past continuous to talk about actions and events happening around a particular time in the past and to give background information. one day | was shopping with my girlfriend when [met some friends from school ‘We often use the past simple and past continuous tense together. We use as, zohen and while to link the past simple with the past continuous. Now complete the text with the verbs in brackets. More than one tense is possible for some answers. Te was 1995 and J (1) nnn (40) my military service in an infantry regiment in Madrid. One day, [(2) .u.ovw» (talk) to my company commander and I (3) ws... (tell) hhim that I was a judo instructor ~ that’s what I (4) (do) before Ijoined the army. So, he (6) sun-ne (assign) me to teach self-defence to the military police unit. My military service (6) (be) fantastic. (7) (practise) judo every day and I @ (not + have) guard duty or anything like that. Anyway, when my military service (9) (finish), (10) (Gecide) to join as a regular soldier and I went to the NCO School in Talarn, Pronunciation Regular -2d endings and past participles Task 6 Count the number of syllables in the words. 1 decide 2 play nn 2 decided 8 played 3 join 9 start 4 joined 10 started 5 like... Tl watch 6 liked 12 watched. [01 Now listen and check. Task7 Complete the rules. the last sound of a regular Verb iS fosnual OF fsosonn/, we add /ad/. With verbs that do not end with a /a/ ora /t/ sound, the ending is pronounced /....../ when the verb ends ina voiced sound OF fs.u../ when the verb ends in a voiceless sound. Speaking Task 8 Work in p: 1 why they decided to join the military. 2 what they were doing when they took the decision. 3. why they chose their service and specialisation. - Ask your partner .. : ToA military career Task 1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions sent perfect 1 At what age can young men and women join the military in your country? nt perfect enntinuou: 2 Atwhat age can they go on operational deployments? 3 When someone joins a5 volunteer, how long is his / her contract with the alstnent military? 4 Can service personnel leave the military when they want? 5 Do personnel slay in the same unit for all their military carcer? 1 Listening Task 2 Listen to a conversation. Answer the questions in task 1 for the British Army: 10) @ Now listen again and answer true or false Private Barley was 16 when he joined up. .... He has been in the army for eight years. He dogs not intend to stay in the army. He will get his promotion to lance corporal when the battalion returns to Germany. 5 He has never been posted away from his battalion BONE Language tactics Phrasal verbs Task 3 We generally use phrasal verbs in less formal speaking and writing. Replace the underlined words with these phrasal verbs. getout joinup putin for sign on stay on Lt Lars: How long have you been in the military? PrBarley: I (1) enlisted six years ago. LtLars’ Six years. And are you going to (2) continue and make the anny your career? PtBarley: Yes, sir. I've (8) signed a contract for the full 22 years, LtLars: 22 years Does that mean you can’t Jeave until you've completed 22 years? Pt Barley: No, six. You sign on for 22 years but you can (4) leave after four years if you don’t like it LtLars: And when will you get promotion? Pt Barley: Well, I've (5) applied for the next lance corporal’s course Speaking” Task 4 Work in pairs. Complete the sentences. 1 What] found most surprising about the British Army was 2 Another really interesting thing was .. 3 Ididn’t know that in the British Army... 4 Abig difference in our country is that a) @ Listening Task Listen to the conversation and answer the questions. 1 How long has the battalion been in theatre? ‘ 2 What have the troops been doing since they arrived? 3 Has all their equipment arrived? What's missing? 4. Has Private Barley been out on patrol yet?Grammar Present perfect and present perfect continuous Task 6 Study the examples. How long have you been here? ‘We use the present perfect to talk about an action or event that started in the past and continues up to the present. We often use for and since, Have you ever been posted away? = S| We use the present perfect to talk about actions and experiences in the past without present p Af saying when they happened. We often use ever and never. BL tree just got tk om myst patra Be We use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the past (often. the very recent past) that has an impact on the present, We often use already, yet Lame and just. wie. And what have you been doing since you got here? FO Welt, we've been sorting out our stores. oer cu Somes Sen i ett We use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action or event that started in the past and continues in the present. The present perfect continuous emphasises that an activity or event is still in progress. Now complete the text with the verbs in brackets. More than one tense is possible for some answers. By 2 Lt Lars Svensson Private Tom Barley (1) was (be) born in Manchester in the north of England in 1975, He (2) ‘Goin) the army straight out of school at 16, Private Barley (3) (be) in theatre singe last December. Before deploying here his regiment (4) (rain) for two months and preparing their vehicles ‘and equipment, "We (5) (work) very hard he said "but the preparation 6) (really + pay off he sai. Private Barley only arrived in theatre two months ago, but (7) he (already + learn) enough of the local language to get by. I work in an affice with local nationals and (8) 1 (practise) every dav’. he explained ‘Tom has been here for less than two weeks, but his uit has already been out on patrol. Writing Task7 Write a skort paragraph describing your career in the military. Include 1 when you jomed the military, 2. your reasons for joining up and for choosing your specialisation. 3. basic training 4 any special courses you have taken, 5 any operational deployments and exercises abroad, 6 postings: : =eHurry up and wait Task 1 Say what you like best about life in the military Listening Functional English Pronunciation Speaking oe « bo Task 2 Listen to the first part of a conversation and answer the questions, 1 Where has the man been? 2. What time was his appointment? 3. How long was he waiting? 4 What did the doctor tell him to do? 5. Why ishe angry? 21@ Task 3 Listen to the second part of the conversation and write... 1 what the speakers complain about 2 what they like about the army. Ire) Now listen again and write the examples they give Expressing strong likes and dislikes Task 4 Study the examples. 1W’s whet Ike Best about the army. You know, for me, the best thing about the army is the friendships you make. It one of the things that really annoys mie about the military. 185 the one thing I can't stand. The other thing that really annoys me is the paperwork What I hate is all the time I spend in meetings arud briefings. Sentence stress. 9) @ Task § Listen and notice how we say the sentences in task 4. 179 @ Now listen again and practise. Task 6 Work in pairs. Talk about these topics and say what you like best and least about military life. accommodation food lifestyle orders and disciplineTask7 Describe the most memorable experience you have had in the military. ius) Ustening Task 8 Listen to a conversation. Say who talks about 1a frightening experience, 2 afunny experience. Now listen again. For each story write ... 1 when and where the events took place, pe SESS 2 who was present. ee 3 what happened. oe ea 4 what happened in the end. 5 how the speaker felt at the time, Fanctional English Talking about memorable experiences Task9 Study the examples. introduction: You knou, talking about helicopters. I think my worst experience ever woas in a helicopter. lhackground: where? when? It was in Sierra Leone a couple of years ago. ‘who? We aere fe: blokes in this army helicopter flying along at about 100 miles an hour. event: what? Then suddenly, there ons this loud crash and the windshield shattered. outcome: Wall, we lost about $00 feet and then the co-pilot managed to pull the pilot off the controls and take over comment: JE zs probably the most frightening experience of my life. The amazing thing wis, it was just like people say: Isazo my life lash before my eyes. - Task 10 Order the paragraphs. --u-» The training officer at the camp said it was incredible that we made it back, Anyway, Dave got an immediate promotion to Lance Corporal. ‘This soldier called Dave just took over. He used our sleeping bags to make a sledge to pull the officer, got the lieutenant’s map and compass and just said Follow ‘mel. After about six hours march, we arrived at our base camp. Quite a few of the soldiers had frostbite, but we all made it including the officer. 1 think one of the worst experiences I've ever had was in Norway last year We were doing an adventure training exercise, There were nine of us; eight soldiers and an office: ~ a young second lieutenant. Anyway, we were marching through the snow and suddenly the officer just disappeared. I mean, really disappeared. He fell down akole in the ice. We managed to pull the officer out but he was unconscious. It was freezing cold and our radio and supplies had also fallen through the ice. <1 Now listen tothe story and check your answers. Speaking Task 11 Answer the questions and make notes about a memorable experience. 1 When and where did the events take place? 4 What happened in the end? 2 Who was with you? 5 How did you feel at the time? 3 What happened? 6 Why was it memorable? Now work in pairs. Tell your partner about the experience, :'Conscript or professional? Task 1 Say who are regulars and who are conscripts in your country’s armed forces. officers NCOs junior entisted ranks Reading Task 2 Work in groups. Complete the chart. argu ens 5 fessional arma forces ~ conscrpthased armed frees Now read the text and compare your answers. ‘When political and military leaders ask What sort of an army will ‘we need for the 21st Century?, the most common answer is A fully provessh ona ary WEAK TTTDES WAY WE A WH TINGE, [ich countries. However, ths solution is not always the best for smaller nations, especially countries with a developing economy. ‘The first problem is cultural and social, Although a number of countries have a long tradition of voluntary service, in ‘some sovieties the idea ofa professional mercenary army is not widely accepted, A second problem is cos. Although there may be a igh social cost of taking 2 young man out of education or work, conscript solciers are quite cheap. The ‘consoript accepts a lower standard cf living he is unaccompanied by his family and he needs litle suppor. The regular soldier, by comparisen, is expensive. He must be paid at rates similar to the commercial world and be provided with housing and ether social suppor. Although, a country might be capable of supporting a very large conscription-based ‘army, it might only be able te afford a very small regular force, For many countrins, this will have important ‘consequences for ther national defence, A futher problem has to do with readiness and small unit cohesion, Since they get ile lave, conscripts are always available for service. Regular soldiers, however, require longer leave periods and wil trequently be away either on leave ‘or om taining courses. In adtion, many conscrit-based militares use unit rotation and replacement wich results in high readiness and unit cohesion ance units ae formed and ful trained, Mary regular professional miltaries, an tho ‘other hand, employ individual rotation and replacement This system means a continuous mavement of personre! ito and out of units and can reduce smal unit cohesion and aflet readiness. in aditon, many professional forces have protlams in going soldiers to stay on. For example, the British Army, despite paying high salaries to regular soldiers, has many problems geting them to re-enist ater ve years of service Task3 Read the text again and find a word or phrase that means ... 1 asystem where an entire unit moves to a theatre, completes its tour of duty and retums home 2 asystem where a unit stays in theatre for the duration of a mission or campaign and personnel move into and out of the unit. 0K ote According to the author .. Sao 1 why do some societies reject the idea of professional armed forces? us 2 why are conscript soldiers cheaper than regulars? erty 3 why do conscription-based forces have fewer problems with readiness and unit ac cohesion? 4. what is the negative effect of individual rotation in professional armies? * Task 4 Answer the questions.Speaking Task Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Whet are the advantages and disadvantages of unit rotation? 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of individual rotation? Grammar Contrast and concession Task6 Study the examples. Regular armies are a However, In contrast, | this solution is not always {001 solution for rich Nevertheless, On the other | ideal fr smaller nations. countries hand, Still, Though, Yet, . Regular armies are a | This solution, however, in is not altonys ideal | " ood solution for rich contrast, on the | for smaller nations. | countries. other hand, though ‘Conscripis are alivays ‘although, but, however, | regulars need longer leave aailabe, whereas, while periods Although, Whereas, ‘conscripts are always regailars need longer leave While, annilable, periods Despite ~~ T paying high salaries to the British Army has In spite of regulars, ‘many problems getting soldiers to re-enlist. The British Army has despite paying high salaries to many problems getting | in spite of regulars soldiers to re-enlist Now complete the text, Use these words. although despite however inspite of while ‘Managing a professional army is complicated. (1)... experience with a conscriptbased system, a country’s riitary and political leadership may not have the experience to manage a regular force. One solution is to have conseript soldiers and regular NCOS. (2)... this option is also complicate for countries that do not have a strong tradition of mid-level supervisors. @ the problems of changing toa regular force, many countries are moving inthis direction. (4) national defence remains the military's principle function, mare and more troops are deploying on contingency ‘operations that require soldiers witha range of skils. (5) conscripts can be very good if they are well trained, In peace operations they are probably net as flexible as regulars. Writing Task 7 Work in pairs. Write a short report explaining the advantages and disadvantages of professional and conscript forces for your country. » oe{SSS COLD WINTER 2 Exercise Cold Winter Task 1 Complete the map key. Use these words. glacier ice cliff refuge rock cliff scree “w mine | DL ttthouse $ “ BM oo yates \ as XY \ ‘ 6 4 ry ae Now find these features on the map. draw / re-entrant hill knoll ridge saddle spur steep slope Task 2. Read the first paragraph and answer the questions. 1 ‘What is Exercise Cold Winter? 2. Whatis your role in the exercise? You have volunteered to take a group of six junior NCOs tothe Isle of Mall on Exercise Cold Winter, a si-day adventure training exercise. Mall is rocky, snow-covered sland that is uninhabited except for two crew members at the Cragay Point Lighthouse and a small group of scientists at Wate Bay ‘You travelled to the Isle of Mallon the mail boat that comes every Sunday from the mainland; the boat isthe only form of transport to and from the island. When you arrived at the ighthouse, one of the crewmen gave you a tour and you noticed an old four-man snow vehicle, The crewman explained that they accasionally use the vehicle to visit Whale Bay. He aso told you the terrain is dificult and it generally takes them about 90 minutes to the retuge located east of West Glacier and a further 90 minutes to get to Whale Bay. Before you left the lighthouse, the crewmen gave you some words of advice and warned you about the dangers of traveling at night. They alsa lent you @ radio in case you ran into any trouble, The cadio has a maximum line-of-sight range of 20 km. At first ight on March 13, your group set off on foot with two sledges for your supplies. it took you three and a halt hours to march the 14 km distance to Camp 3, @ refuge northeast of Cold mountain. You stayed at Camp 1 for three nights and on day four, you marched four hours to cover the 16 km distance to Camp 2, an abandoned mine east of Middle Glacier. On day siz, you plan 1o return to the lighthouse along Razor Ridge. The distance is about 27.3 km and you estimate the march will take about seven hours. You plan to be back at the lighthouse at about 1430 on March 18. The boat arrives at first fight on March 19. Now answer the questions. How can you travel to and from the island? What transport do the lighthouse crew memibers have? How long does it normally take the lighthouse crew when they travel to Whale Bay? According to the lighthouse crew, whens it dangerous to travel? Where you will be able to use your radio to contact the lighthouse crew?Task 3 Work in pairs. Complete the route card, Route Card | Day [rom To [ero Distance [Rearing [Speed Terrain ETA 1 lighthouse [Camp 1 [0730hrms. [14km NE [akm/h [easy oo rs Qa [Camp1 —_[Camp2 [07h [@)..km [NW |4km/h [easy 1130 hrs 6 [camp2 |). [ovaohes [a7akm (SSE km/h moderate |(6) hrs Now label the map in task 1. Use these words. camp 1 Reading Task 4 Read the text and answer the questions. 1 Whatis your approximate current position? camp2 daylroute day Sroute day 6route 2 Who has had an accident? 3. What is the casualty’s condition? ‘tis 0800 hs on March 18, day si of Exercise Cold Winter. You lft Camp 2 2 0790 is this morning and you are returning to te lighthouse along Razor Ridge, Visibility is good but you oan see lowrlving clouds to the north ané you have given instructions to mave faster. You have not teen able to contact the lighthouse since you left Camp 1, tivo days ago but suedenly you hear a faint sound from the radia The signal is weak but you hear MAYDAY. MAYDAY. ~ the international signai fr distress. The ‘al is from one of the scientists at Whale Bay. The man is very nervous and you have to ask him several times what has happened. He tes you that two days ago, one of the scientists had an accident on a snow vehicle, The woman is setiously injured with @ broken le, a head injury ané several broken ribs. The snow vehicle — the scientist’ only form ‘of transport - is damaged and cannot be repaired. You promise that you wil do everything you can to help and you tel tim to wat for your instructions, You look at yous watch, tis 0805 hrs. Geen ERI (ietarmec anne Riera meer 0730 1630 ‘minus 5° Celsius ‘minus 20° Colsivs kn, 15 hrs Speaking Task Work in groups. Decide on your objectives. Now put your objectives in order of importance. ‘Task 6 List all the facts that ean affect your plan. Use these headings. mission time terrain weather troops logistics and signals, Now say what conclusions you can reach. Task 7 Work in groups. Decide on a course of action. Now explain your group's plan to the rest of the class. Use the format 1 situation, 2 mission. 3 execution, = Tonrit @ Listening Functional English en) 24 Task 1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 2 How long do you spend on the phone each day at work / at home? Do you make telephone calls in English or in another foreign language? Say wh: you speak to and what you speak about: Task 2 Listen to a telephone conversation and answer the questions. Ake Who answers the telephone? Who is calling? Who does the caller ask to speak to? Why doesn’t the Executive Officer transfer the call immediately? What is the purpose of the call? What does General Crocker instruct his Executive Officer to do? Making telephone calls Pee F Poe Task 3 Listen again and complete the conversation. Good afternoon Laura. This is Colonel Li, the Medical Group Commander. Can you (1) , to the General, please? 1'm sorry sir, but the Vice Commander (2) tight now. (3)... ? I've got some very important news. Vilsee if he can take your call, sir. (4) ? (© sencnn Sit and I'l buzz. him on the intercom. General Crocker speaking. Sir, Colonel Li, the Med Group Commander is on line two, he has something v=) to discuss with you. (6) or do you want me to ask him to call back late ” , we're finishing our meeting. Did he say what his news was? j Yes sir. He said that he needs airlift for his mobile hospital and a medical tea he didn’t give me any details. (8) to younow, sir? Now underline the phrases the speakers use to ... Rone say that someone is busy. 5 ask the purpose of a call ask to speak to someone 6 ask if someone can take a call offer to transfer a call. 7 say that he / she will accept a call ask someone to hold. 8 ask to interrupt someone in a meetin:Speaking 17) @ Listening Language tactics Speaking Task 4 Work in groups, Practise the conversation in task 3, Task § Label pictures A - D. Choose from these words. earthquake famine flood hurricane landslide tsunami Task 6 Work in pairs. Say what natural disasters happen in your country or region. Now say what kind of damage can be caused. Task7 Listen to a conversation and answer the questions. ‘What happened in Bam late last night? What orders has Colonel Li received from headquarters? What does Colonel Li request? ‘When will the medical team and equipment be ready? 1m@ Now listen again and answer the questions, 1 Whats the casualty estimate? What type of aircraft does Colonel Li request? According to General Crocker, what will be the difficult part of the mission? 4 Atthe end of the conversation, what docs General Crocker tell the colonel to do? Task 8 Complete the sentences. Use these words. heads up what'sup inshortorder good to go hit the ground hit the ground running hot 1 Whenwe , we arrive in an area of operations. If we act immediately. we're ready to Ifsomeane or a piece of equipment is _ that person or equipment is ready to deploy. 3. When we ask , we ask about recent events, 4 When we give someone a........., we give them a warning or important information. 5 If we say that information is _ we mean that it's both recent and important. 6 When we do something we do it as quickly as we can. idioms and metaphor Task @ An idiom isa phrase with a specific, often metaphorical meaning, Decide whether the underlined words are literal or metaphorical. 1 a. ‘The parachutist hit the ground hard. He was lucky that he wasn’t injured, b The tough part will be when they hit the ground, 2a This one’s hot sir. | just got off the phone with Headquarters, b Bam is hot in the summer. Temperatures can reach 40° centigrade 3a The sergeant told the recruits to keep their heads up during drill practice. b Thanks for the heads up. Task 10 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 What assistance are military forces able to provide during natural disasters? 2 Who are better prepared to respond to natural disasters: humanitarian organisations or the military?The Ops Commander’s briefing 0) @ Listening SE cs eee) a Task 1 Complete the table. Use these words. ceiling length maximum speed payload range wingspan 97.9 feet (29.3 meters) 132.7 feet (39.7 meters) ‘345 mph (300 kph) at 20,000 feet (6,080 meters) vu 1 99,000 feet (10,000 meters) with 45,000 pounds {17.716 kilograms) pay! Maximum normal... ' 96,720 pounds (16,856 kilograms) _. at maximuura normal payload: 1,898 mills (2,957 Kilometers) Task 2 Listen to the introduction to a briefing and say ... 1 who is the briefer. 2. the purpose of the briefing. :9)-@ Now listen to the first part of the briefing and answer the questions. 1 When did the earthquake happen? 2. What was the strength of the earthquake? 3 What are the current estimates of the a) dead b) seriously injused c) walking wounded? 4 What percentage of buildings in Bam have been destroyed? 5 What is the aircrew’s mission? 6 Why is the headquarters providing airlift for an NGO medical team? 7 Why is a C-130 130 model chosen for the mission? eo1@ Task 3 Listen to the second part of the briefing and answer the questions 1 What flight preparations have already been made? 2 What action does the briefer instruct the airctew to take when they enterlr= aitspace? 3. Why does the briefer instruct the aircrew to stay below 22,000 feet? 4 Why will the aircrew be flying on visual? 5 Where will the aircraft refuel for the return flight? 6 What time will the aircraft be launching?2) ® Now listen again and complete the notes. Operation Rapid Hope Load: portable field hospital, medical team of (1) PAX (passengers) Frequencies and (2) PAX from NGO Ground Control (7) Fuel on board: (3) pounds of JP-8 jet fuel “Tower frequency: 122.4 Range: (4) nautical miles Doparzure: 244.42 Cruising speed: mach .49 / (5) mph Tehran frequency: (8) Calling: (6) feet AWACE: (9) Pronunciation Saying numbers [i7@ Task 4 Listen and notice how we say .. militacy time: 1930 Zulu; 2330 hrs decimals: 63; 68 percentages: 85/4; 70% distance: 1,758 nautical miles temperatures: 0°; -10" radio frequencies: 292.45; 122.1 vehicles, aircraft and equipment: C-130; KC-135 +)@ Now listen again and practise. Grammar Future forms with wilt Task 5 Study the examples. ‘There will be no ground services, nor any refuelling available on the ground. All fights will avoid the rumay and use the taxitonys for takeoff and landings Weather information suggests that daytime temperatures in Bam will probably be zero degrees ‘We use will to give facts, to give instructions and to talk about scheduled events, We also use will to make predictions, often with an adverb of probability to say how sure we are of the prediction. You will be launching at 22ro four hundred Zulu tomorrow morning, July twenty-third. will + be + verb + -ing We use the future continuous to talk about an action that starts ata certain time in the future and continues aver a period of time. Now complete the text with the verbs in brackets, More than one tense is possible forsome answers Ladies and gentlemen, a lot of press (1) (report) what you do tonight and the whale world (2) (watch) you, As the lead plane for Operation Provide Hope, you (3) (be) the first foreign military fight in Iranian airspace, and more significantly, in this flight you (4) (transport) the first international medical reiief in country. There (5) (be) a lot of safety hazards involved and so you © (do) this one by the book! (00) & Task 6 Listen to the briefing and check your answers, Speaking Task 7 Student A, look at File 1, Use the notes to write a briefing, Student B, look at File 1 and make questions to ask at the end of the briefing. Now Student A, read ‘out your briefing. Student B, take notes on the briefing and ask questions. : omThe dining facility Task 1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions, 1 Where can you eat at your place of work? 2 What kind of food is served? oo) Listening Task? Listen to a conversation and complete the chart, Use these words. Command Chief Master Sergeant Doctors Without Frontiers Red Crescent Vice Commander oo uel Marie Denam 1 Tom Burnell 3 Robert Karpinsk 2 anne Sureyya Bin 4 © Task 3 Listen to the resi of the conversation and answer the questions, What does CMSgt Burnell propose? Who accepts the invitation? Who declines the invitation? What do Sureyya and Tom agree tc do? Functional English Making, accepting and declining invitations Task 4 Study the examples. Would you care to join us, sir? Thanks, T'd lave to. thanks + accept the invitation That's very kind, Tom but I'm afraid J really should get back to the affice. thanks + decline the invitation and give a reason Now work in paits. Read track 24 and underline expressions to make, accepy decline invitations. Task§ Decide which expressions are formal, less formal and neutral. Languaye tactics Positive and negative answers Task 6 We often say Thask you in replies even when the answer is negativell the questions with the answers. 1 _ I'm going to ask Command Chief Master Sergeant Burnell to look att 2. Would you like to have something to eat? 3° Would you mind looking after these Jadies until then? a Thank you, but I'm not very hungry. b Notat all, six ¢ Thank you, but that's really not necessary. Now say which answers are positive and which are negative. Humanitarian assistance (PZ)eS | us fist Speaking © Listening Functional English es tected Writing Task 7 Student A, invite Student B to 1 goforameal 2 havea coffee in the cafeteria 3. play billiards in the recreation center 4 watch a movie at the ase theater Student B, accept or decline the invitations. Task 8 Work in pairs. Answer the questions 1 At your base, do soldiers, NCOs and officers eat in the same mess? 2 How many meals are served each day? 3. Is there a choice of meals? 4 Whats your favourite meal? Task 9 Listen to the conversation and answer true or false The dining facility only serves lunch. They serve typical American food in the dining facility Hash brown is another word for French fried potatoes. .. The dining facility is self-service... The dining facility is only for enlisted ranks. You can choose for a full meal, the soup and salad bar or fast food. Task 10. Describe the picture and guess the ingredients. 1281 @ Now listen to the conversation and check. Deserbing food Task 14 Study the examples, Leaking f sort I type oftbread / cake | casserole {fish {fruit J meat f stew } pasta | egetable [i's made with | fron cheese I eggs | fruit | meat ! mushrooms [rice | vegetables It's baked baile fried grilled / roasted J steamed | stewed. Is bitter [bland J hot | say ! savoury sour j spicy fseseet. 15 served as a I's usually a. dessert | mais course { sie dish / starter 1’ typical in my country this region / Air Force dining facilites Now match the examples with the words. class cooking techniques course flavour ingredients origin Task 12. Write a description of a dish that is often served in-your mess. Now work in pairs. Student A, describe your dish, Student B, guess what the dish is. 28NGOs and the military Task 1 Describe your experience working with humanitarian aid workers. Talk about... 1 the mission / emergency. 2 who you worked with. | 3 your impressions of the people you worked with Reading Task2 Complete the sentences. Write aid workers or military personnel. On operations, typically deploy for a limited period of time. generally work regular hours, often 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 pan. believe that aid should be given to anyone in need _ will often distribute aid to achieve political and military objectives. may be seen as combatants aud targeted by warring factions or insurgents. work neutrally and impartially in the local community, Now read the text and check your answers. Working with NGOs (Major Jeremy Elis SINCE THE EARLY 1990s, military forces have been increasingly involved in providing humanitarian assistance in ‘cooperation with international organisations (IOs) and non- governmental organisations (NGOs), While it seems that these civil-military ‘marriages’ have not always been successful, the fact is that civil-military cooperation (CIMIC) is today’s and almost certainly tomorrows reality and that military and humanitarian aid workers simply have to lear to get along. On operations, it is not uncommon to ear words like unprofessional, disorganised and responsible when the military tale about relief workers. And on the other side, I've heard words such as authontarian, inflexible and arrogantto describe the military in some cases, these stereotypes do reflect genuine gferences but in my opinion they are often based on misunderstandings. For example, when the military criticise aid workers for going home at five o'clock while they are on duty 24-hours a day, they forget that their deployment is only for a limited period put aid workers will generally spend up to three years in the same place, As a rule, the theatre will be home base for aid workers and they will naturally work home base hours. While there are certainly misunderstandings and unfair stereotypes on both sides, itis also true that there are real OcEEEER « ifferences that fead to tensions. in the tirst place, relist workers generally believe that aid should be distributes impartially and to the people who most need it, wittout considering ethnic group, gender or faction. Military commanders, on the other Nand, typically see aid as @ means to achieve their objectives. For example, the military wil often use aid as part of a hearts and minds campaign to wi local support, in exchange for intelligence or to for belligerents to stop fighting and negotiate ~ from their pon of view, aid is @ miltary tool to achieve military ends, Another source of tension clearly has to do with th increased dangers for relief workers, “There's an implicit d when we qo out and do our work’, explains an aid worker Doctors Without Frontiers in Afghanistan. “Humanitar action remains neutral and impartial and independent. And return, beligerents do not consider us targets of wa According to many, this implicit deal breaks down when military gets involved in aid stribution or when the mili and aid workers are seen working together. The distinct between military forces and humanitarian organisatio becomes unclear and the result, ctaim aid workers, has be a significant increase in the number of personnel killed kidnapped in recent missions — especially in places i ‘Sudan and Afghanistan, BlLanguage tactics Speaking Grammar Writing Task 3 Work in pairs. Read the text again and answer true or false. ‘The writer believes that 1 the military and aid workers get on well when they work together in providing ‘humanitarian aid, 2. civil-military cooperation will become more and more important in the future. 3. problems between the military and aid workers often reflect a lack of understanding. 4 the military and humanitarian organisations have different criteria for the distribution of aid... 5. many relief workers feel safer because of military involvement in humanitarian aid. Task 4 Find words and phrases in the text that mean ... 1 organisations which work in more than one country and are set up by agreements between governments. 2 voluntary organisations that are generally independent of government and. commercial interests, 3. support provided to civilian agencies by a military force whose principle mission isnot humanitarian, 4 coordination and cooperation between the military and civilian agencies. Negative prefixes Task Words with prefixes, like anti-, dis, ile, im, in, tr, mise and un-, have a negative meaning. Underline the words with negative prefixes in the text. Task 6 Give advice to a colleague who is going to work with aid workers. Comment, example and generalisation Task 7 Study the examples. exainple: For example, the military wil often use aid as part of. fearts and minds carapaign generalisation: aid workers will generally spend yy to three years in the same place comment: itis also true that there are real differences that lead to tensions. ‘We use words and phrases like for example and generally to express our ideas in a text. Now underline other words and expressions in the text that make personal ‘comments, give examples and make generalisations. Task 8 Choose one of these topics for a short article for a professional journal. 1 In practic, itis not possible for humanitarian workers to remain neutral in a conéict 2 ‘The role of the military is national defence, not to give out food or to walk children to school. 3. Aid isa military tool to achieve military ends. Task 9 Make a plan for the article, Follow these steps. 1 Decide whether you generally agree or disagree with the statement. 2. Brainstorm a lst af arguments that support your position. 3. Choose the most important arguments that support your position. 4 Find examples to support these arguments. 31Disaster in Temblor Task 1 Work in pairs. Match the disasters with the tasks. droughts earthquakes long-term food aid relocation of victims Reading Three days ago, an earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale struck the city of Temblor, The earthquake has caused tremendous damage and inital casualty estimates are 40,000 dead and another 90,000 seriously injured. 80 percent of buildings have been destroyed and the civilian administration is in chaos. More than 00,000 people are without fresh water, electricity, or other community services. Even before the earthquake, the humanitarian situation tsunamis emergency medical assistance emergency provision of food, water and shelter voleanic eruptions repair and reconstruction search and rescue warning and evacuation disposal of dead bodies Task 2 Read the text and answer the questions. ‘What natural disaster has struck the city of Temblor? What are the casualty estimates? What damage has been caused in the city? Why is Temblor on the edge of a major humanitarian disaster? in Temblor was critical. After four years of civil war, the region’ infrastructure and economy were in ruins. Limited agriculture provided just enough tood for the local Population and 290,000 displaced people, living in tent cities around Temblor, were completely dependent on food aid brought in by trucks. The earthquake has severely damaged the region’s infrastructure, including the bridges leading into Temblor, and no food aid is getting int the city. Temblor is on the edge of a major humanitarian disaster. Task 3. Work in pairs. Decide on the priorities for disaster relief and humanitarian assistance. Now read the text and compare your answers. Twenty-four hours after the earthquake, air force C-130s began the first airdrops of emergency food and medical supplies and the priority moved to putting search and rescue and medical teams on the ground. Satelite photographs showed the runway at Temblor Airport was severely damaged so transport aircraft cannot land until the runway can be repaired. The idea of using helicopters has also been rejected. The distance to Temblor, local weather conditions including storms and the threat of further tremors make helicopter operations both difficutt and dangerous. Ths situation is further complicated by a lack of security on the ground, Local warlords have not been active since disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programmes began 14 months ago. However, civillan reliet ‘workers have reported armed gangs in the streets and wide scale looting. They have also reported that local security forces are not able to deal with the violence. It has been decided that the best option for getting aid ROSIE « into Temblor is by road convoy. The convoy wilt consist of trucks with food, tents, blankets and medical supplies well as medical personnel and search and resoue teams. The military component will comprise a motorised infantry battalion with an attached cavalry troop mounted in cavalry reconnaissance vehicles (CVRs) together with an engineze squadron tasked to repair both the damaged bridge outside the city and the runway at the airport. The convoy commander has received the followin ‘orders: You will proceed to Temblor Airport, occupy 2m secure the airport and immediately start repairs on t runway. At the same time, you will provide security search and rescue teams, medical teams and to distribution points in Temblor. When you reach the ci responsibilty for humanitarian actions will pass to & senior UN refugee agency officer. You will retain over responsibility for securityTask 4 Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 What aid has already reached Temblor? 2 Why has the use of transport aircraft and helicopters been rejected? 3 What is the composition of the convoy that is being sent to Temblot? 4 Why are military engineers attached to the convoy? Who has command of the mission? Speaking Task 5 Work in pairs, Read the text again and answer the questions. DISASTER RELIEF PLANNING CHECKLIST 1. Situation What is the humenitarian emergency? What information is available about the sitvation? Is the information complete? Jf not, what information is missing? How is the civilian administration coping with the situation? Boge 2. Mission What is the mission? When have you completed your mission? 3. Disaster environment a. Are there any immediate environmental dangers in the disaster area? b. Are there any obstacles to movement to or within the disaster area? c. What are the effects of weather and climate on the disaster situation? 4, Factors affecting planning | What is the situation of a. the local population. law and order. >. public health, e. housing and shelter ¢. water and sanitation. f, food. 5, Force Protection a. What are the potential dangers and health risks to deploying forces? ’. What Rules of Engagement are appropriate? Task 6 Work in groups. You have arrived in Temblor. Decide your priorities and what resources you will need. Student A, you are the convoy commander, You have responsibility for force protection. Student B, you are from the Temblor city council. Your main concern is security on the streets, Student C, you are the CIMIC officer. You are responsible for civil-military liaison and coordination, Student D, you are the senior UN refugee agency officer. You have responsibility for humanitarian aid. Now discuss and agree upon your objectives and priorities.ETM RUM eT! Listening Erect) 4 Trouble at Checkpoint Bravo Task 1 Describe a situation in which you had to negotiate. Task 2 Work in pairs. Write do or don’t. When negotiating, .. respect loca! customs and address the person you are dealing with by rank take your time and be patient interrupt the person you are negotiating with Jose your temper. Be firm but also tactful and polite. cause the person you are negotiating with to lose the respect of their colle try to understand the interests of the person you are negotiating with. Ook ene Now add more ideas to the list. Task 3 Describe the picture 9) Task 4 Listen to two conversations, For each conversation, say 1 where the conversation takes place. 3 how the situation ends. what the problem is, v.20) @ Task Listen again and answer the questions. conversation 1 2 Why does the soldier refuse to let the convoy through the checkpoint? 2 What does the soldier want in exchange for letting the convoy through? 3 What does the escort commander say to the soldier to let him through? 4 What is the attitude of the escort commander? conversation 2 1 Who does the escort commander want to talk to? 2 Why does the soldier refuse? 3. What does the soldier say he will do if the escort commander crosses the barrier? 4 What is the attitude of the escort commander? Now say which negotiation is more successful and why.Language tactics Pronunciation Speaking Grammar Speaking Diplomatic tangvage (1) Task 6 To sound more diplomatic, we use words like could, would and might and phrases like I’m afraid or with respect. We also generally avoid negative prefixes in diplomatic language. Decide which sentence is more diplomatic. 1a Icouldn’t do that, | Tcan’t do that, 2 a Myouhaven’t got a pass from our Headquarters, I'm afraid I can’t let you | through. If you haven't got a pass from our Headquarters, I can’tlet you through. 3. a That's impossible. & That's not possible. ‘Sounding firm and sounding angry © Task7 Listen and describe how the speaker sounds. Ym sorry. Lcouldn’t do that. This food is for the refugee camp in Sam Marcos. We are « UN convoy and we have authorisation and you have to let us throug \o9) @ Now listen again and complete the chart. firm a 1 The person speaks ata normal volume, nn a 2 The person speaks loudly. i —_ 3 The person speals at anormal speed. 4 The person speaks very slow Task 8 Work in pairs. Turn to track 27, conversation 1 and practise the conversation. Real and unreal conditional sentences Task 9 Study the examples. ‘You can't go through this checkpoint unless you have a pass. present simple + unless + present simple If you give us food from the trucks, 11 let you throw gh if + present simple + will / can + verb We use real conditional sentences to talk about real or possible situations. If my commander was here, you could talk to him If you asked your command post, they'd tell you that LIN convoys have freedom of movement if + past simple + could / would / might + verb ‘We use unreal conditionals to talk about unreal or unlikely situations. We also use this structure to make a proposal diplomatically. Now work in pairs, Turn to tracks 27 and 28 and underline the conditional sentences. Task 10 Work in pairs. Student A, turn to File 2. Student B, tum to File 3. Use the information to have a conversation. » ==oMOBJECTIVES © reported speech + interpreters i 20) @ Listening CTT} 36 Task 1 Talk about a time when you worked with an interpreter. Task 2 Work in pairs. Write do or don’t. When working with an interpreter, . find out what the interpreter knows about the military. use very technical vocabulary. assume that the person you are dealing with does not speak any English. speak carefully and use short sentences. pause and give your interpreter time to translate your message. say things to your interpreter like Now don’t interpret this, But Now add more ideas to the list. Task 3 Listen to the start of a conversation and say ... 1 where the conversation takes place. 2 who are speaking, 3 what is happening, «11 «@ Now listen to the rest of the conversation and order the sentences. The escort commander issues orders to his platoon sergeant The escort commander asks the guard to speak to his commanding officer. The escort commander suggests a solution to the problem, ‘The guard says that the convoy cannot go through the checkpoint because the road is closed. 5 The guard tells the escort commander that he can continue if he lets him inspect the vehicles. BONETask 4 Answer the questions. Why does the guard want to inspect the vehicles? What does the guard want the soldiers in the armoured vehicles to do? Why does the escort commander not do what the guard wants? What solution does the escort commander give? What orders does the escort commander give? (st) @ Now listen again and check. Speaking Task 5 Work in pairs. Describe a difficult or dangerous situation where you were in charge and say how you dealt with it. Grammar Reported speech Task 6 Study the examples. reporting verb reported clause He says you can’t go through the checkpoint today. The commander said you could go through the checkpoint but you have to let the ‘guard inspect the vehicles He told me that the road is closed, He said that you'd probably be able to go through tomorrow. He said he'll be about five minutes Now complete the rules. Use these words. could simple past (33) simple present (3). will would 1 To report what someone is saying, we can put the reporting verb either in the tense or in the tense. 2 To report what someone said in the past, we usually put the reporting verb in the tense. 3. Toreport a statement about the past, we change the tense in the reported clause and we change cur to 4. To report a statement about the present, we usually use the tense for the verb in the reporting clause. However, we can also use the ...... tense tO emphasise that facts are still true, 5. To report a stateinent about the future, we generally use However, we can 150 90 wuane if the reported situation still exists Writing Task 7 Read the conversation and write a report for your commanding officer. You are the escort commander. guard: I'm sorry. You can’t go through the checkpoint today, ‘escort commander: I have a pass signed by the commander of your divisional headquarters. guard: The road is closed. You'll probably be able to go through tomorrow. ‘escort commander: But I have to be in San Marcos this afternoon, guard: That's not my problem. escort commander: Could you please contact your commanding officer? guard: You'll have to wait here while I talk to him. a PomeA call home OBIECTIVES Task 1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. * showing anviety When you deploy abroad on operations, + rezoting to news are you able to contact your family regularly? * sentence stress (2) ‘can you send letters or e-mails? + homecoming can you make telephone calls? what are the things that most worry your family? tsa) @ Listening Task 2 Listen to the conversation and answer true or false. ‘The news said that a number of British soldiers were injured in a bomb blast... Abomb exploded near the British base. ‘The Royal Air Force said they had reports of British caswalties. An Italian soldier was injured by 2 bomb blast. ‘The man believes that television reports are accurate, oneness Functional English Expressing feelings (1) showing anxiety (00) @ Task 3 Listen apain and complete the conversation. Jenny: Oh Rob, what a(t)... you called. 1 was (2) Rob: Why? Is (3) ? Jenny: We were (4) about you! Rob: Jenny, what's (6) 2Jusst (6) and teil me what's happened. Jenny: Oh Rob. Rob: Is it the kids? Jenny: No, love. (7) ‘The kids are fine. I was (8) about you. Rob: Just (9) and tell me what's happened, Whatever the problem is, it's going (10) now. Now say which expressions the speaker uses to .... ask someone why they are afraid or worried. say that they are afraid or worried tell someone to be quiet or calm. help someone fee! less worried. show that they are happy because nothing has happened. wee