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TransitionalDevices

(fromTwentyQuestionsfortheWriter,p.1134)
Theword"transition"meanspassingover.Thustransitionalguidesareconnectives(symbols,words,phrasessometimeswhole
sentencesandparagraphs)thatmakepossibleasmooth"passingover"fromoneideatothenext.Youmaketransitionsbyreferringto
whatyouhavesaidbefore,establishingcauseandeffectconnections,lookingaheadtowhatyouwillsay,referringtothepresent,
markingtimeandplace,qualifying,comparing,contrasting.Theseandothercommontransitionaldevicesappearhereincategories
thatnecessarilyoverlaptosomeextent.

Referringback:aswehaveseen,onthewhole,asmentionedabove,asstatedpreviously,asIhavesaid,itseemsthen
Lookingahead.then,later,next,after,afterward,thereafter,finally,now,consequently,tosumup
Establishingcausalconnections:theresult,inconclusion,toconclude,because,for,since,consequently,accordingly,hence,thus,
therefore
Timemarkers:now,then,later,soon,before,next,afterward,finally,meanwhile,thereafter,atthesametime
Placemarkers:here,there,atthispoint,below,beside,nextto,behind,infront,outside,inside
Comparingandestablishingdegree:and,similarly,inlikemanner,inthesameway,justas,so...that,also,morethan,lessthan,
beyondthis
Qualifyingconceding,orcontrasting:but,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,however,despitethis,still,onthecontrary,conversely,if,
asif,grantedthat,unless,whether,anyhow,although,eventhough,yet
Addingandintensifying:first,second,thirda,b,c,1,2,3,torepeat,inaddition,moreover,and,also,still,again,similarly,
furthermore,finally,really,indeed
Introducinganillustration:thus,toillustrate,forexample,forinstance
Repeatingakeyword:Thisdevicekeepsthemainideabeforethereaderandcarriesthethreadofmeaningthroughoutapassage.
Usingsynonyms:Insteadofrepeatingakeywordsothatitbecomesmonotonous,youmayusesuitablesynonymsthatcontinuethe
samethought.

Usingproperpronounreference:Anothersubstitutefortherepetitionofkeynounsandanotherwayofconnectingideasistouse
pronounsinplaceofnouns.
Maintainingsamesubjectthroughoutparagraph:Youcanoftencontinuethesamesubjectfromsentencetosentence,thereby
maintainingasteadyfocusthroughouttheparagraph.
Establishingrepetitiveorparallelsentencepatterns:Inadditiontorepeatingkeywordsandideas,youmayrepeatthegrammatical
structureofyoursentencestoreinforcetheunityofyourthoughtsandpromotetheirflow.
Linkingoflastsentenceofoneparagraphwithfirstsentenceofnext:Thisnatural,frequentlyintuitivemethodmaintains
coherencebetweenparagraphs.Sometimesyoumayneedconnectingwords(suchas"thenagain"or"onanotheroccasion"),but
oftenthedirectionofthethoughtprovidesitsowncontinuity.

LISTOFTRANSITIONS
1.Transitionsthatadd,repeat,oremphasize:
and

further

finally

also

furthermore

afterall

inaddition

moreover

first,second,

besides

indeed

toconclude

too

infact

tosumup

inotherwords

asaresult

accordingly

again

nevertheless

intheend

2.Transitionsthatcompare,contrast,orcontradict:
similarly

as,asif

regardless

ratherthan

like

unlike

inspiteof

despite

incomparison

however

but,yet

evenwhen

ontheotherhand

alongwith

whereas

although

tothecontrary
3.Transitionsthatshowatimeorspacerelationship:
before

earlier

alongside

now

next

now

between

atfirst

afterwards

intime

later

atlast

finally

eventually

eversince

then

until

soon

thefollowing

across

during

still

day/night

over

within

meanwhile

beyond

from...to

4.Transitionsthatlimitorprepareforanexample:
if

thatis

unless

namely

if

thatis

unless

namely

when

forexample

forinstance

toillustrate

incase

suchas

inparticular

providedthat

5.Transitionsthatsignalcauseorresult:
because

thus

for

asaresult

so

consequently

therefore

forthisreason

6.Transitionsthatassertatruthoracknowledgeopposition:
nodoubt

ofcourse

infact

naturally

doubtless

grantedthat

certainly

concedingthat

surely

withoutadoubt

7.Transitioncanalsobeeffectivelyaccomplishedbyrepeatingakeytermorphrase:
In1949,anewtrendbeganasOklahomavotersapprovedastatebondissueforhighereducationfacilities.Thisfirststatebondissue
injected$36millionintothesystemtostrengthenitsinfrastructure.

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